enhancing skills in the eastern caribbean andreas blom, education economist, world bank, st. lucia...
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![Page 1: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean
Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006
![Page 2: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
• Why should we care about skills?
• School is life
• From school to life
• Life is school
• The key points
![Page 3: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why should we care about skills
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 50 - 54 55 - 59
Age
Wa
ge
EC
$ p
er
yea
r
University (16-18)Post-secondary(13-15)Secondary (8-12)
Primary (4-7)
Primary (1-3)
Source: Population and Household Census 2001, St. Vincent and the Grenadines,
OECS (St. Vincent and the G.): Salary by education level
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Skills: Most important obstacle for Grenadian firms
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0
H e a l t h o f w o r k e r s ( A I D S / H I V )T r a n s p o r t a t io n : lo c a l
A c c e s s t o la n dT e le c o m m u n ic a t io n s
L a b o r r e la t io n sT r a n s p o r t a t io n : C a r ic o m
W a t e rL e g a l s y s t e m / c o n f l ic t r e s o lu t io n
C o r r u p t io nM a c r o e c o n o m ic in s t a b i l i t y
A n t i - c o m p e t i t iv e p r a c t ic e s T r a n s p o r t a t io n : in t e r n a t io n a l
E c o n o m ic & r e g . p o l ic y u n c e r t a in t yC r im e , t h e f t & d is o r d e r
E le c t r ic i t yA c c e s s t o f in a n c in g
T a x r a t e sC o s t o f f in a n c in g
S k i l ls & e d u . o f a v a i la b le w o r k e r s
M a j o r o b s t a c l e S e v e r e o b s t a c l e
![Page 5: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
New jobs: Skilled
0 20 40 60 80 100
Retail/wholesale Services
Energy
Construction
Transport
Professional Services
Medical services
ICT-enabled services
Financial services
Tourism
Other Manufacturing
Electric & electronics
Textile & garments
Food processing
Agriculture
Professionals
Skilled Workers
Unskilled Workers
Workers by education level per economic sector (Caribbean)
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Opportunities for everyone
• Competitive labor market • Inequality
• Crime and youth unemployment
![Page 7: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Overview
1. Why should we care about skills?
2. School is life
3. From school to life
4. Life is school
5. The key points
![Page 8: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
80% ends schooling with secondary• Universal secondary: Fantastic• Focused on preparation for tertiary level studies • Few labor market oriented courses, (little counseling and little help in transitioning to the world of work)
Dominica: Transition from Primary to Secondary
24.3
44.6
30.0 25.8
51.6
66.0
77.9
35.3
41.232.6
25.824.1
33.5
83.6
010203040
5060708090
% o
f pup
ils fr
om p
rimar
y th
at
cont
inue
s in
gen
eral
sec
onda
ry
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Knowledge Economy skills
• Quality of education !• Growing focus on “life skills”• Reliability, critical thinking, team
work, etc.• Also demanded by employers in the
OECS• Incorporated into curriculum,
teaching and examinations
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Life skills for jobs
4%
11%
12%
16%
24%
48%
55%
57%
63%
88%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Age
Vocational Skills
General work exp.
Education
IT Skills
Appearance
Adaptability
Co-operation Skills
Team Spirit
Attitude to work
Important Very important
St. Kitts: Employers’ assessment of desirable skills
Source: OECS St. Kitts and Nevis: Retraining the Sugar Workers, 2005
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Live skills for jobs
Caribbean: Employers’ assessment of most desired skill set
Source: Caribbean Knowledge and Learning Network: Labor Market Survey, 2006
45%
47%
68%
77%
79%
82%
86%
86%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Computer skills
Dependability
Taking individual responsibility
The ability to work well on teams
Communication skills
Problem solving / efficiency
Work ethic
Honesty/integrity
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Gaps in offered careers
St. Lucia Hotel survey (WB 2005):• Chefs/sous chefs, Managers/Supervisors, Front
Office staff
St. Lucia HR Needs Assessment (UWI 2005):• Managers, IT-professionals, construction and
hospitality
Caribbean Labor Market Survey (CKLN 2006):• Supervisors/managers, IT professionals, skilled
trades workers, and technical workers
Conversations with employers:• Trained room attendants, food preparation and
servicing, maintenance of tourism properties, spas and massages, yachting etc.
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How to close the career gaps?
• Needs assessment, adjust offerings and enrolment admissions
Permanent change: • External board (society/employers)• Track demand and job-performance of
graduates at the local level• Improve institutional focus: from
“academic excellence” to “drivers of the local economy”
• Small countries / institutions: collaboration (CKLN)
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Overview
1. Why should we care about skills?
2. School is life
3. From school to life
4. Life is school
5. The key points
![Page 15: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Transition from school to life
•Where the chain breaks
•Lose your human capital
•Deviant behaviour
13%
56%
24%
11%
39% 39%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
An
tigu
a &
Ba
rbu
da
Do
min
ica
Gre
na
da
St.
Kitt
s a
nd
Ne
vis
St.
Lu
cia
St.
Vin
cen
t&
the
% u
ne
mp
loy
me
nt
Adult
Youth
Source: National Labor surveys different years 1991-2004
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How to build skills in the transition
• Assist those with difficulties finding jobs
• Training, private sector driven to lead to jobs
• Traineeship successful in the OECS: 50% stay with employer
• Traineeship could be expanded much more
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Overview
1. Why should we care about skills?
2. School is life
3. From school to life
4. Life is school
5. The key points
![Page 18: Enhancing Skills in the Eastern Caribbean Andreas Blom, Education Economist, World Bank, St. Lucia May 17, 2006](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697bfac1a28abf838c9b618/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
On-the-job training
•Low training of work force
Source: Caribbean Investment Climate Assessment, World Bank (2005)
% of firms training workers85%
75%65%
54% 50%41%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
DominicanRepublic
LatinAmerica
Belize Haiti Grenada T&T
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Reasons
• Lack of emphasis and systemic approach:– Improve firms’ HR policy– Increase labor unions’ focus on training– Government: many small ad-hoc efforts
• Poaching and small size of firms (public role)
• Low recognition and value of training
• Incipient market for private training
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How to enhance skills in the labor force
Goal: Market for training with standards, financing and evaluations (but Rome was not built on one day)
Standards: Collaborate– Adapt CVQ standards (1-2 industry groups)– Information campaign on standards to workers and employers– Agreement with assessment agencies– Work on the portability within CSME
Finance: Collaborate– 2nd chance education programs: 99% publicly financed– Unemployed (but motivated) youth: “75%” publicly financed– Employees: training levy?
Monitoring and evaluation: Collaborate– You will never get it right the first time
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Job and productivity from:
• Quality education• School is exam, not life (labor
market competency oriented)• Empower and talk with employers• Helping youth gain experience:
Scale-up training and traineeship• Creating a market for training:
adopt a couple of CVQ standards for a key industry