eukaryotes s

8/13/2019 Eukaryotes s

1/27

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Ch 12

The Eukaryotes:

Fungi, Algae,

Protozoa, andHelminths


2/27


Student Learning ut!omes

List the defining characteristics of fungi.

Identify two beneficial and two harful effects of fungi.

List the defining characteristics of proto!oa.

"ifferentiate an interediate host fro a definiti#e host.

List the distinguishing characteristics of the two classes ofparasitic helinths, and gi#e an e$aple of each.

Pro#ide a rationale for the elaborate life cycles of parasitic

wors. "efine arthropod #ector.

"ifferentiate between a tic% and a os&uito, and nae adisease transitted by each.


3/27


F"#$% Cheoheterotroph, aerobic

'olds( or facultati#ely

anaerobic 'yeasts( &y!ology) *tudy of fungi

+ost fungi decoposers, few

are parasites of plants andanials.

of serious fungal infectionsincreasing

Review Table 12.2

Fig. 12.1


4/27


-yphae) ilaents of cells,

ostly septate +yceliu) +ass of hyphae.

&olds) ostly filaentous.

'easts) nonfilaentous, unicellular fungi.

/udding yeasts di#ide asyetrically.

(imor)hi! *ungi) yeasts li%e C, olds 2C.

ungal spores differ fro bacterial spores. or froaerial hyphae.

3rowth in acidic, low4oisture, high osotic pressureen#ironents.

+etaboli!e cople$ carbohydrates 'e.g.: lignin(.

Chara!teristi!s o* Fungi


5/27


E!onomi! E**e!ts o* Fungi

Saccharomyces cerevisiae) /read, wine, -/5#accine

Trichoderma) Cellulase

Taxomyces) 6a$ol

Entomophaga) /iocontrol

Paecilomyces) 7ills terites

+old spoilage


6/27


Fungal (iseases + &y!oses

1 Systemi! my!osis) infection deep within body,

affects any tissues and organs. -istoplasosis andcoccidioycosis.

2 Su-!utaneous my!osis) *aprophytic fungi, e.g.:*porotrichosis.

. Cutaneous my!osis / (ermatomy!osis) affects%eratin4containing tissues 'hair, nails, s%in(.

0 Su)er*i!ial my!osis) locali!ed on hair shafts andsuperficial s%in cells.

))ortunisti! my!oses:))ortunisti! my!oses: caused by noral icrobiota or fungi that are not

usually pathogenic 'E.g.: Candidiasis andPnemocystis pnemonia!

usually systeic.


7/27Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Human eyelash

with un%nownfungus infection.

+inial daage to

s%in or underlyingtissues.

-owe#er, ipaired

I* can encouragethe infecting fungus

to proliferate.



AL$AE+ostly photoautotrophs,

ostly in ocean(iatoms

8nicellular, store

energy in for of oil

(omoi! a!id 9eurological disease

Ingestion of ussels that fed on diatoes 'also

affects birds and sealions(

(ino*lagellates )lankton

*oe produce neuroto$ins) red tide

7ills fish, arine aals, and huans, e.g.:

parasitic shellfish poisoning 'P*P(



P3T4A

8nicellular,

eu%aryoticcheoheterotrophs. Large and di#erse group. eware pathogenic.

ound in soil and water and as noral icrobiota inanials.

Tro)hozoite) 5egetati#e for 'feeding and growing(.

:se$ual reproduction #ia fission, budding, ors!hizogony'ultiple fission(.

*e$ual reproduction #ia con;ugation.

*oe proto!oa can produce a !ystthat pro#idesprotection during ad#erse en#ironental conditions.



Medically Important Protozoa

1 Ar!aezoa "lac% itochondria(

Trichomonas and #iardia

1. Microspora'no itochondria and no icrotubules(< diarrhea and %eratocon;uncti#itis in :I"* patients

2 Amoe-ozoa 'o#e #ia pseudopodia( Entamoeba 'dysentery( and $canthamoeba

1 A)i!om)le5a: not obile, intracellular Plasmodim% &abesia% Toxoplasma% 'ryptosporidim

1 Euglenozoa) -eoflagellates Trypanosoma



Amoe-ozoa

+o#e by)seudo)ods

Entamoeba

$canthamoeba


12/27



Fig 2)..22

Euglenozoa

+o#e by flagella

-eoflagellates

Trypanosomaspp.

*leeping

sic%nessChagas=

disease



HEL&%#THS Parasiti! 9orm

7ingdo) :nialia

Phylu) Platyhelminthes'flatwors(

Class) Trematodes'flu%es(

Class) Cestodes'tapewors( Phylu) #ematoda'roundwors(

few are huan parasites

:natoy and life cycle odified forparasitis

:dult stage in de*initie host.

Each lar#al stage in specificintermediate host.



Li*e Cy!le o* Helminths

&onoe!ious herma)hroditi! +ale and feale reproducti#e systes in one anial

(ioe!ious

*eparate ale and feale

Egg larae adult


16/27

Platyhelminths

"orso#entrally flattened

Trematode, or *luke) >ral and #entral suc%er attachesto host tissue

Cestode, or ta)e;orm) *cole$ 'head(, proglottids

? suc%ers and

rostellu with hoo%s

3ra#id proglottid withuterine branches

Fig 12.2*



Taenia solium

Taenia saginata

-uan definiti#e host@

pig or cattle interediate host.

E hi l


18/27

Echinococcus granulosus

Fig. 12. 2+


19/27

Human as

(e*initie Host Taenia saginataCysticerci in beefuscle

%ntermediate HostEchinococcsgranloss

:dult in dog

Human is


20/27


Nematodes

Aoundwors ha#e a coplete digesti#e syste

.

Eggs in*e!tie *or humans:

Ascaris lumbricoides::scariasis. 2ndostcoon wor infection in 8*. '+ost coonworldwide@ B 1 bio infected(

Enterobius vermicularis "pinorm!. +ostcoon wor infection in 8* '0 of

children, 1D of adults infected(


21/27

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Fig12.2(

Pin;orm! Enterobius vermicularis

(i i Pi (i


22/27

(iagnosing Pin;orm (isease

"o test iediately

after wa%ing up.

*e#eral saplesight need to be

e$ained.

*ince scratching of

the anal area is

coon, saples

ta%en fro under the

fingernails ay also

contain eggs.

pinwor paddle


23/27


Larae %n*e!tie *or HumansFig 2,.2)

Hook;orms

Ancylostoma duodenale and

Necator americanus

T i hi ll i


24/27

Tri!hinellosis:

The Li*e Cy!le o* Trichinella spiralis


25/27


Priarily in dogs and cats huan heart failure,

also in huan lungs*pread #ia os&uitoes

Fig 12.2-

The Heart;orm "iro#ilaria immitis


26/27


A3TH3P(S AS =ECT3S

7ingdo) :nialia

Phylu) Arthro)oda'e$os%eleton, ;ointed legs, segented body(Class) %nse!ta'D legs(

Li!e, *leas, mos>uitoes

Class) Ara!hnida' legs(

&ites and ti!ks

:rthropods that carry diseases are called #ectors.

Eliination of #ectorborne

diseases best #ia control oreradication of #ectors.


27/27

Arthro)od =e!tors +echanical transission

/iological transission +icrobe ultiplies in #ector

"efiniti#e host

+icrobe=s se$ual reproduction in #ectorFig 12.)2

eukaryotes s

Documents