european exploration slave trade colonization scramble for africa decolonization current issues
TRANSCRIPT
African History
European exploration
Slave trade
ColonizationScramble for Africa
DecolonizationCurrent issues
Place of Africa on Global Scene
Political stability Indicator
USA (blue)
compared to Africa (orange)
Territory
Population
Nominal GDP GDP per capita
Number of patents per capita
Percentage of people with high education
Total exports
African Regions1. North Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Libya, Morocco, Tunisia and Western Sahara.
2. East Africa: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda.
3. Central Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda.
4. West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo.
5. Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
Geography
• 2nd largest continent (after Asia)
• 53 countries (biggest Sudan, Nigeria largest population)
• Mt. Kilimanjaro (no mountain chains)
• Lakes: Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa & Chad
• Rivers: Nile, Congo, Niger & Zambezi
• Deserts: Sahara & Kalahari• Biggest island Madagascar
Languages & Religion
More than 1000 different
languages
Colonial European languages - official,
government
Indigenous – most used
Namibia: English, Afrikaans, German, Oshivambo, Herero,
Nama
Nigeria: nearly 400 native languages
Religions
North Africa – Islam
South from Sahara: mixture of Islam,
Christianity & indigenous beliefs
(natural spirits)
Population
Rapidly growing population of around 800 million
75% of continent sparsely inhabited
• Mostly rural (slow urbanization)
Highest birth rate (average 6 children) & infant mortality rate (1-2 stage)
Low life expectancy (40-49 years, Sierra Leone – 34, Zambia – 37)• No infrastructure• Unsatisfied basic needs
African Political Systems
• Only 20% of African states are multiparty democracies
• In transition to democracy.
• Many countries have authoritarian regimes or limited freedom
Wars• Causes:
– Borders– Religion– Tribal disputes– Resources
• Some examples of ongoing wars in Africa (since 1991 to the present date):– Namibia & Niger – civil war– Nigeria – ethnic, religious and political
conflict– Rwanda – ethnic conflict– Senegal – separatist conflict– Sierra Leone – civil war– Somalia – civil war– South Africa – civilian uprising, political
violence– Sudan – civil war– Togo – war of independence– Tunisia – war of independence– Uganda – brutal dictatorship, civil war,
rebel/ethnic violence– Western Sahara – unresolved war of
independence– Zambia – ethnic and political conflict– Zimbabwe – political and ethnic
violence
Wealth• Slow urbanization• No developed industry• The poorest region of the world• Rich in natural resources• Dependent on export of
agricultural products or raw materials (coffee, cocoa, oil)
• Negative import-export balance (dependence)
• Economic difficulties caused by political instability