european social dialog
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European Social Dialog. Grigor Gradev, ETUI Senior Researcher. Social dialogue – the pillar of the European Social Model. The principle of autonomy – critical to understanding European Social Dialogue - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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European Social Dialog
• Grigor Gradev, ETUI Senior Researcher
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Social dialogue – the pillar of the European Social Model
• The principle of autonomy – critical to understanding European Social Dialogue
• It reflects the possibility for social partners – trade union and employer organisations to develop Europe wide standards through legislation or own structures
• Quasi legislative initiative
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ILO – Anne Trebilcock
• In full bloom, tripartite cooperation may reach the level of social dialogue …, whereby employers, workers’ representatives and governments have developed a reflex for acting in a concerted, multifaceted pattern …
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Uderlying assumption
• Those closest to reality are best suited to find solutions – employers and trade unions
• Provides organic legitimation of final output
• Creates base for consensus• “Guarantees” implementation
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Core legal principles (Industrial relations in Europe 2006)
1. Freedom of association – the base for collective agreements
2. Collective parties – trade unions and employers, capable to represent collective interests
3. Normative function – agreements enforceable through legislation or other means – standard development
4. Procedural fuction – procedural agreements on organisation of bargaining levels and competences – content, scope, etc. (BG national level agreement for sectoral bargaining process)
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Political impact• The European social dialogue, a force for
innovation and change - COM(2002)341:“Better governance of an enlarged Union
relies on the involvement of all actors in decision-making and also in the implementation process. Social partners have an unique position within civil society … negotiate agreements which include commitments.
• Differentiate between social and civil dialogue – particularly in CEE.
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How it works Parttneship for change in an enlarged Europe,
COM(2004) 557
• The social partners decide:– Rules and procedures of the process– Level and rhythm– Content– Outcome
• 3 year working programmes of the social partners – now for 2006-2008
• Tripartite Summit for Growth and Employment – before each spring European Council -
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Work programme 2006-2008• Joint analysis on
– Macro-economic and labour market policies – Balance between flexibility and security– Undeclared work– …
• Autonomous framework agreement on disadvantaged groups or life long learning
• Agreement on violence and harassment at work• Framework of actions on employment• Managing change and its social consequences• Capacity building for social dialogue in the new member
states, extend it to candidate countries• Assessment of the effects of implementation of the
voluntary agreements – telework, stress
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Products – 4 types
1. Agreements establishing minimum standards– framework agreements, implemented by Council
decision, monitored by the Commission – parental leave, part-time work, working time of seafarers, etc.
– Autonomous (voluntary) agreements implemented by specific procedures by management, labour and member states – telework, stress, EU driving licence for cross border service, violence, etc.
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Products - 22. Process – oriented texts, mainly
recommendations to members, involving evaluation of implementation and real impact. Useful where legislation not the best. Promoting learning and good practices:
• Frameworks of action – lifelong learning, gender equality, musculoskeletal disorders
• Guidelines and Codes of Conduct – promoting minimum standards on national or lower level – telework in commerce, managing change, child labour,
• Policy orientations – good practices
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Products - 3
3. Joint opinions and toolsMainly exchanging information:• Towards European Institutions/national
governments• Towards members, explaining EU policies
Do not entail implementation or monitoring
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Products - 4
4. Procedural texts
Laying down rules for the bipartite (autonomous) social dialogue cross-industry or sectoral.
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Current stage of social dialogue - autonomous
• New generation texts – social partners follow-up themselves:
– autonomous agreements
– process-oriented texts
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New generation texts - outlook
• Clear address: EU institutions, national governments, social partners
• Clear status and purpose of text• Deadline for implementation• Pattern of implementation ( binding )• Structure and timetable for
monitoring/reporting• Procedures for dispute settlement
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European sectoral social dialogue_
• Common positions : 50 %• Declarations : 12%• Agreements : 2 %• Recommendations : 11%• Tools : 14 %• Internal rules : 11%
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Challenges – current stage• Building consensus of 27 members, differing
national contexts• Gradual shift from “hard” law – directives to
“soft” law - implementation by social partners – flexibility and better fit to different contexts but also less binding
• Major challenge for newly emerging IR systems and actors – need representative, strong, professional organisations to secure implementation.
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SEE challenges - global• Nature of “transition” and “accession” – process and
“project” – ESM• Model of change – dominant role of IFIs – national
macro frames developed above the national level and social dialogue within predetermined boundaries – “hidden partner”
• Pressure from reform process towards re-centralisation of governance, particularly financial area – key role for governments to promote and facilitate social dialogue
• General deficit of interest of political elites in representative democracy, social and civil dialogue, rule of law, etc.
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Challenges for social partners• Still to find their bearings within emerging
systems of industrial relations• Key problem fragmentation and ensuing deficit
of representativity, political status and public image.
• Deficit of reflective capacities especially for longer term, strategy development.
• Deficit of structural and functional cohesion • The last two enough to limit absorption
capacities, i.e. to speed up own development• CEE accession paradox
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Thank you for the attention
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ILO definition of social dialogue
• “All types of negotiation, consultation or simply exchange of information between, or among, representatives of governments, employers and workers, on issues of common interest relating to economic and social policy.”
– Can be tripartite (involving government) or bipartite – only the social partners
– Concertation can be informal or institutionalised, or both
– Can be at national, regional or at enterprise level– Can be inter-professional, sectoral or a combination
of all of these.
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EU concept of social dialogue
• “A continuous interaction between the social partners with the aim of reaching agreement on the control of certain economic and social variables” (EC Industrial Relations Report 2000)
• Features:– Process, based on consensual approach, constant
adjustment – Balance between economic and social interests– The state normally is not part of the processDefinitions of ILO and EU not conflicting
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Third stage (2001) – joint contribution of European social partners to the Laeken Summit
• Tripartite concertation • to designate exchanges between the social partners and
European public authorities,
• Consultation of the social partners • to designate the activities of advisory committees and
official consultations in the spirit of article 137 of the Treaty,
• Social dialogue • to designate bipartite work by the social partners,
whether or not prompted by the Commission’s official consultations based on article 137 and 138 of the Treaty
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Commission consultation on possible direction
Social Partnersproposal in the
social policy field opinionif Community action
is desirable consultation on the content of the envisaged proposal
where appropriate,Commission follow-up opinion or recommendation
negotiationnine months,
unless extendedwhere appropriate,
Commission follow-up
agreement
The Social Dialogue under Art. 138
Failure