final progress report

7/28/2019 Final Progress Report

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CHAPTER 1: PROJECT DEFINITION

1.1INTRODUCTION

A data logger kit is a stand - alone electronic device that can read various types of

information in form of electrical signals and store the data in internal memory over a period

of time. The data can be from data acquisition devices. These devices measure real world

physical conditions and parameters, and convert them into electrical signals that can be

read by the computer, such as analog and digital signals. Physical conditions can be

measured using sensors. Physical parameters include the temperature of the environment,

humidity, voltages, chemical composition and motion. Data loggers are composed of

microcontroller, memory, rechargeable battery, and sensors. Data loggers are important

because they provide us with factual information that is needed to make good decisions

that will maximize operations. They find applications in many areas such as;

Transportation industry

the data logger access GPS data and hence work as a tracking device of

valuable and fragile merchandise and minimize theft [1]

Environmental Monitoring

Internal environmental monitoring of houses, offices, warehouses or

museums

External environmental monitoring of oceans, rivers, aquaculture, climate

and general research into the natural world. The concentration of chemicals

in the water can be recorded over time.

Vandalism monitoring of installations such as underground cables.

Disaster management and mitigation


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Floods and earthquake prone areas can be monitored using sensors and the

data sent to a monitoring center and early warning system.

The supply of essentials to affected people can be monitored using GPS data

loggers. [2]

A data logger that is interfaced to a GPS module is able to receive and store location

coordinates in the form of longitude and latitude. This is raw data and needs to be

processed into a more meaningful form such as a map.

This project is aimed at interfacing the data logger with GPS. The data logger stores the

position coordinates on a Media Card. The GPS coordinates are then transmitted to

authorized personnel through a text message via GSM. A computer can be connected to the

data logger through a serial cable and data on the memory card is accessed. GPS visualizer

software can be used to convert these latitude and longitude numbers to something that

digital maps (e.g google maps) can understand.

The progress report is outlined as follows. Chapter one gives a general overview of the

subject i.e. problem statement, rationale, and objectives.

Chapter two is the Methodology. The third Chapter covers literature review on the pic

microcontroller and PCB designs. Chapter four explains the GPS and GSM technologies. It

further gives a description of the communication methods selected and the overall system

integration.

Chapter five discusses the interfacing and script language programming of the GPS module.

The last chapter gives a conclusion of the works done towards the completion of the

project. This is then followed by conclusions and the Appendices.

1.2 Problem Statement

Challenges in Water Sensor Monitoring and data capture location identification and

data transmission

Challenges in Vehicle Asset Tracking


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Challenges in Disaster Management and Emergency Response e.g Earthquakes,

Tsunamis, Floods-Early warning Sys., tracking transportation of supplies to people

1.3 Rationale

A data logger that is able to interface GPS and GSM can be used in many industries and a

variety of applications such as Early Warning systems and Remote Sensing. In October 2010,

Konkola Copper Mines polluted the river again, resulting in another shutdown of water

supply [3]. Dennison Uranium mines has been closed after pollution of the Zambezi River in

Siavonga. New mines have been established. There are continued risks of harmful effluents

being discharged in the rivers that supplier water to sustain livestock, humans supply of

fresh water and the farming sector. Such effluents have led to illnesses and also death of

aquatic life. Such disasters can be avoided by monitoring the effluents of mining wastes in

the rivers and streams. A data logger with GPS and GSM can be used for remote sensing and

hence provide early warning to the relevant authorities. These data loggers can be placed in

key areas where mines are located. Sensors are used to monitor the levels of toxic

substance and the data transmitted to a central location. However, it has been challenging

to identify the source of the data. A GPS/GSM data logger can be used to transmit location

coordinates that can be used in an effective early warning system.

Interfacing GPS and GSM to the data logger will make it possible to locate the source of

logged data. Hence, the success in one data logger can be modified to other data loggers.

Figure 1.1 below depicts how GPS/GSM data loggers placed in strategic mining areas can be

used in Remote Sensing and Early Warning Systems.


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Figure 1.1: Map showing how Remote Sensing is achieved

1.4 Project Objectives

The objectives of the project are outlined below;

1) To interface the data logger kit with Global Position System (GPS) and Global System

Mobile (GSM) communication

2) To design a system that will incorporate hardware and software based in the field for

data logging and transmission protocols

3) To redesign, assemble and configure a cost effective and efficient PIC Microcontroller

based data logger

4) To display data logger output to a computer screen and automatically generate SMS

messages to monitoring personnel

The overall system architecture is shown in figure 1.2


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Figure 1.2: System architecture of the Data logger

1.5 SCOPE OF WORK DONE

Literature review on the pic 18F27J53 microcontroller, GPS and GSM modules has been

done. The EM408 GPS module has been selected for the project. Literature review on Easy

Applicable Graphical Layer Editor (EAGLE) has been done. EAGLE software has been used for

the preliminary system design of the data logger and explained further in chapters 3 to 5.

Familiarisation of programing PIC microcontrollers using micro-IDE in C language, Proteus

software for simulation of the preliminary system design has been done. Some of the

components to be used in the project have been acquired. These include the pic

microcontroller, voltage regulator, resisters, capacitors, and connector blocks.

The GPS and GSM modules will be procured when the programming and simulation of the

code is complete.The scope of work to be done is shown in the Appendix A, table A.1.


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CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

A modular approach has been undertaken to ensure that the project is completed in time.

The project has been divided into two sections or modules. The electronic part will range from

the GPS receiver to the microcontroller and the telecommunications part which will tackle

modem communication and interface to the mobile phone Global System for Mobile

communication (GSM). Literature review has been carried out to get familiarisation of the

hardware and software used.

2.1 System Design

A System is a set of interrelated components which interact with one another in an

organized fashion toward a common purpose. Design is the process of conceiving or

inventing the forms, parts, and details of a system to achieve a specified purpose. Design

can also be said to be an innovative act whereby the engineer creatively uses knowledge

and material content of a system. The objective of systems engineering and design is to see

to it that the system is designed, built, and operated so that it accomplishes its purpose in

the most cost-effective way possible, considering performance, cost, schedule and risk. [4]

This creates a technical solution that satisfies the functional requirements for the system.

Therefore, using a systematic design plan, I will be able to come up with a fully operational

and cost effective GPS/GSM data logger kit. The system design process has five steps these

are;

1) Identify design goals

2) Model the new system design as a set of subsystems

3) System Implementation

4) Testing and debugging

5) Report writting/Documentation


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2.2 System design Goals

The system design goals have been highlighted in the Objectives of the project. In summary

the goal is to build a cost effective data logger kit that is interfaced with GPs and GSM

technology.

2.3 Subsystems

A system composed of interconnected modular subsystems is easier to design, document,

debug, and modify. The data logger Preliminary system Block Diagram is shown in figure 3.

The subsystems that will be considered are;

i) Hardware connection of the pic18F27J53 microcontroller.

ii) Serial communication interface.

iii) Interfacing the GPS module.

iv) Interfacing the GSM modem.

v) Interfacing the media card and programming the full system.

Figure 2.1 depicts the interfacing of the GPS and GSM modules to the PIC18F27J53.

Figure 2.1: Subsystem interface


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2.4 System Implementation

System implementation involves putting the planned system into action. This involves

combining and organizing the subsystems systematically to form a complete system. The

program code for each system is then linked and assembled into one code. The hardware

and software developed are put together and installed in the simulation design software.

After successful testing and debugging the prototype printed circuit board (PCB) is built. The

components are soldered on the PCB board.

2.5 Testing and debugging

Testing is done to find deffects in the code and remove errors in the system. A correct

hardware (software inclusive) setup of the system does not entail proper functioning of the

system, it takes many steps of testing and debugging for the system to work as intended.

2.6 Report writing/Documentation

This is the process of providing written details/information about the project work.


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CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE PIC 18F CONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE

3.1 Key features of the pic microcontroller

A Microcontroller is an inexpensive single-chip computer. The microcontroller has the

capabilities of storing and running a program. Therefore, a complete system can be built

using one MCU chip and interfacing it with a few Input and Output devices such as a keypad,

display and other circuits. The PIC18 family utilizes a16-bit program word architecture and

nearly all instructions execute in a single cycle making this Reduced Instruction Set

Computer (RISC) architecture extremely efficient. RISC architecture has 32 level-deep stacks,

8x8 hardware multiplier, and multiple internal and external interrupts. The PIC18 was

selected for this project because programs that run on it can be written in C programming

language. [5]

Figure 3.1: MCU Features

Figure 3.2 below shows the 28 pin diagram for the PIC 18F27J53 family and the pin configuration.


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Figure 3.2: Pin configuration

The PIC18 family has a rich set of integrated communication and connectivity peripherals to

reduce application system cost, and many of the PIC18 devices include Nano Watt

technology for power management. Like all of Microchips microcontrollers, these products

offer socket, software and peripheral compatibility for easy migration and scalability.

3.2 Memory Organization

There are two types of memory in PIC18 Flash microcontrollers. These are;

Program Memory

Data RAM

As Harvard architecture devices, the data and program memories use separate busses; this

allows for concurrent access of the two memory spaces.


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3.2.1 Program Memory

PIC18 microcontrollers implement a 21-bit program counter, which is capable of addressing

a 2-Mbyte program memory space. Accessing a location between the upper boundary of the

physically implemented memory and the 2-Mbyte address returns all 0s.The PIC18F47J53

family offers a range of on-chip Flash program memory sizes, from 64 Kbytes (up to 32,768

single-word instructions) to 128 Kbytes (65,536 single-word instructions).

3.2.2 Data Memory

The data memory in PIC18 devices is implemented as static RAM.

Each register in the data memory has a 12-bit address, allowing up to 4096 bytes of data

memory. The memory space is divided into as many as 16 banks that contain 256 bytes each

FIGURE 3.2:PIC18F27J53 MEMORY MAP

The PIC18F47J53 family implements all available banks and provides 3.8 Kbytes of data

memory available to the user.

The Flash program memory is readable, writable and erasable during normal operation over

the entire VDD range. A read from program memory is executed on 1 byte at a time. A write

to program memory is executed on blocks of 64 bytes at a time or 2 bytes at a time.

Program memory is erased in blocks of 1024 bytes at a time. A bulk erase operation may not


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be issued from user code. Writing or erasing program memory will cease instruction fetches

until the operation is complete. The program memory cannot be accessed during the write

or erase, therefore, code cannot execute. An internal programming timer terminates

program memory writes and erases.

3.3 Communication Features of the Pic18F27J53

2.3.1 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module

The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module is a serial interface, useful for

communicating with other peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral devices

include serial EEPROMs, shift registers, display drivers and A/D Converters. [5]

3.3.1. Master SSP (MSSP) Module Overview

The MSSP module can operate in one of two modes:

Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)

Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C)

- Full Master mode

- Slave mode (with general address call)

The I2C interface supports the following modes in hardware:

Master mode

Multi-Master mode

Slave mode with 5-bit and 7-bit address

The modules operate independently:

PIC18F27J53 devices:

- MSSP1 can be used for either I2C or SPI communication

- MSSP2 can be used only for SPI communication


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3.3.2 ENHANCED UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER TRANSMITTER

(EUSART)

The Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module

is one of two serial I/O modules. (Generically, the EUSART is also known as a Serial

Communications Interface or SCI.) The EUSART can be configured as a full-duplex

asynchronous system that can communicate with peripheral devices, such as CRT terminals

and personal computers. It can also be configured as a half-duplex synchronous system that

can communicate with peripheral devices, such as ADC integrated circuits, serial EEPROMs.

The Enhanced USART module implements additional features, including Automatic Baud

Rate Detection and calibration, automatic wake-up on Sync Break reception, and 12-bit

Break character transmit. These make it ideally suited for use in Local Interconnect Network

bus (LIN/J2602 bus) systems.

3.3.3 UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB) Peripheral

PIC18F family devices contain a full-speed and low-speed, compatible USB Serial Interface

Engine (SIE) that allows fast communication between any USB host and the PIC MCU. The

SIE can be interfaced directly to the USB, utilizing the internal transceiver. Some special

hardware features have been included to improve performance. Dual access port memory

in the devices data memory space (USB RAM) has been supplied to share direct memory

access between the microcontroller core and the SIE. Buffer descriptors are also provided,

allowing users to freely program endpoint memory usage within the USB RAM space. Figure

23.1 provides a general overview of the USB peripheral and its features.


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PCB design software provides a complete package of the PCB design services. An example is

Easy Applicable Graphical Layout Editor (EAGLE). This includes the PCB editor, the design

capture technology, an interactive router, a constraint manager, interfaces for

manufacturing CAD, and the component tools. The PCB editor edits the layers in the PCB,both single and multilayered. Both two dimensional and three dimensional rendering of the

image are possible. 3D rendering is preferred, since it is possible to analyze both the inner

and outer designs vividly.


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CHAPTER 4: GPS AND GSM TECHNOLOGIES

4.1 How GPS Works

Advances in communication technology in the area of Global Position System andGeographical Information System are able to provide a means to navigate the area around

us. This information can be accessed remotely. Global Positioning System is a real-time

satellite based positioning available on the earth. The uniqueness of the system lies in the

fact it is a cheap, accurate and easy way of locating any place on earth. Because of its

features, it has become an essential part of any travel.

The maturity of GPS (Global Positioning System) technology has led to its increasing

utilization in commercial applications. Popularly used as navigational aid, GPS technology

has, in recent years, made a tremendous in-road as a reliable tracking system for mobile

objects. Combined with mobile communication network such as GSM network, it evolves

into GPS tracker that capable of tracking mobile objects in real-time. Acting like a beacon,

GPS tracker transmits positional information to a monitoring station at regular prescribe

intervals allowing instant analysis of data transmitted. GPS tracker has been successfully

deployed in business environment where there is a need to monitor large mobile

workforces and assets such as commercial fleets, logistics and transportation companies.

Tracking ability of such system is only limited to the availability of GSM network coverage

[8].

The GPS is currently the only fully-functional satellite navigation system. More than 24 GPS

satellites are in medium Earth orbit, transmitting signals allowing GPS receivers to

determine the receiver's location, speed and direction Since the first experimental satellite

was launched in 1978, GPS has become one of the important devices for navigation around

the world and an important tool for map-making and land surveying. GPS also provides a

precise time reference used in many applications including scientific study of earthquakes

and synchronization of telecommunications networks [8].

The GPS has three components namely:

1. The space segment: consisting of 24 satellites orbiting the earth at an altitude of

11000 nautical miles.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_Earth_orbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_locationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_locationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium_Earth_orbit


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2. The user segment: consisting of a receiver, this is mounted on the unit whose

location has to be determined.

3. The control segment: consists of various ground stations controlling the satellites.

4.1 User Segment

The user's GPS receiver is the user segment (US) of the GPS system. In general, GPS

receivers are composed of an antenna, tuned to the frequencies transmitted by the

satellites, receiver-processors, and a highly-stable clock (often a crystal oscillator). They may

also include a display for providing location and speed information to the user. A receiver is

often described by its number of channels: this signifies how many satellites it can monitor

simultaneously

4.2 Calculating Positions

The coordinates are calculated according to theWGS84 coordinates system. To calculate its

position, a receiver needs to know the accurate time. The satellites are equipped with

extremely accurate atomic clocks, and the receiver uses an internal crystal oscillator-based

clock that is continually updated using the signals from the satellites. The receiver identifies

each satellite's signal by its distinct C/A code pattern, and then measures the time delay for

each satellite. To do this, the receiver produces an identical C/A sequence using the same

seed number as the satellite. By lining up the two sequences, the receiver can measure the

delay and calculate the distance to the satellite, called the pseudo range.

The orbital position data from the Navigation Message is then used to calculate the

satellite's precise position. Knowing the position and the distance of a satellite indicates that

the receiver is located somewhere on the surface of an imaginary sphere centered on that

satellite and whose radius is the distance to it. When four satellites are measured

simultaneously, the intersection of the four imaginary spheres reveals the location of the

receiver. Earth-based users can substitute the sphere of the planet for one satellite by using

their altitude. Often, these spheres will overlap slightly instead of meeting at one point, so

the receiver will yield a mathematically most-probable position (and often indicate the

uncertainty).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_oscillatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_seedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudorangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_seedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGS84http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_oscillator


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Calculating a position with the P(Y) signal is generally similar in concept, assuming one can

decrypt it. The encryption is essentially a safety mechanism; if a signal can be successfully

decrypted, it is reasonable to assume it is a real signal being sent by a GPS satellite. In

comparison, civil receivers are highly vulnerable to spoofing since correctly formatted C/Asignals can be generated using readily available signal generators. [RAIM] features will not

help, since RAIM only checks the signals from a navigational perspective.

4.3 Accuracy and Error Sources

The position calculated by a GPS receiver requires the current time, the position of the

satellite and the measured delay of the received signal. The position accuracy is primarily

dependent on the satellite position and signal delay.

To measure the delay, the receiver compares the bit sequence received from the satellite

with an internally generated version. By comparing the rising and trailing edges of the bit

transitions, modern electronics can measure signal offset to within about 1% of a bit time,

or approximately 10 nanoseconds for the C/A code. Since GPS signals propagate nearly at

the speed of light, this represents an error of about 3 meters. This is the minimum error

possible using only the GPS Position accuracy can be improved by using the higher-speed

P(Y) signal. Assuming the same 1% accuracy, the faster P(Y) signal results in accuracy

of about 30 centimeters

4.4 GPS DATA

The National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) has developed a specification that

defines the interface between various pieces of marine electronic equipment. The standard

permits marine electronics to send information to computers and to other marineequipment.

GPS receiver communication is defined within this specification. Most computer programs

that provide real time position information understand and expect data to be in NMEA

format. This data includes the complete PVT (position, velocity, time) solution computed by

the GPS receiver. The idea of NMEA is to send a line of data called a sentence that is totally

self-contained and independent from other sentences. There are standard sentences for

each device category and there is also the ability to define proprietary sentences for use by
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://www.nmea.org/http://www.nmea.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light


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4.5 GSM Technology- an Overview

GSM, Global System for Mobile communications, is today the most successful digital mobile

telecommunication system. This second-generation (2G) system provides voice and limited

data services and uses digital modulation with improved audio quality.

AT commands are instructions used to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of

ATtention. Every command line starts with "AT" or "at". That's why modem commands are

called AT commands. Many of the commands that are used to control wired dial-up

modems, such as ATD (Dial), ATA (Answer), ATH (Hook control) and ATO (Return to online

data state), are also supported by GSM/GPRS modems and mobile phones. Besides this

common AT command set, GSM/GPRS modems and mobile phones support an AT command

set that is specific to the GSM technology, which includes SMS-related commands like

AT+CMGS (Send SMS message), AT+CMSS (Send SMS message from storage), AT+CMGL (List

SMS messages) and AT+CMGR (Read SMS messages).

Note that the starting "AT" is the prefix that informs the modem about the start of a

command line. It is not part of the AT command name. For example, D is the actual AT

command name in ATD and +CMGS is the actual AT command name in AT+CMGS

Mobile phone manufacturers usually do not implement all AT commands, command

parameters and parameter values in their mobile phones. Also, the behavior of the

implemented AT commands may be different from that defined in the standard. In general,

GSM/GPRS modems designed for wireless applications have better support of AT commands

than ordinary mobile phones.


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AT Command Functionality

AT+CGMI Name of the manufacture

AT+CGMM Model numberAT+CGSN International mobile subscriber identity

AT+CGMR Software version

AT+CIMI International mobile subscriber identity

AT+CSQ Radio signal strength

AT+CBC Charging status

AT+CMGS Send message

AT+CMGR Read message

AT+CMGW Write message

AT+CMGD Delete message

AT+CNMI Notifications of received messages

AT+CPBR Read phone book

AT+CPBW Write to phone book

AT+CPBF Search phone book

AT+CLCK Checking whether a facility is locked

AT+CPWD Change password

ATO Return to online data state

ATH Hook control

ATA Answer call

ATD Dial call

Table 4.1: Basic AT commands

In addition, some AT commands require the support of mobile network operators. For

example, SMS over GPRS can be enabled on some GPRS mobile phones and GPRS modems

with the +CGSMS command (command name in text: Select Service for MO SMS Messages).

But if the mobile network operator does not support the transmission of SMS over GPRS,

you cannot use this feature.

4.2 Basic Commands and Extended Commands

There are two types of AT commands: basic commands and extended commands. Basic

commands are AT commands that do not start with "+". For example, D (Dial), A (Answer), H

(Hook control) and O (Return to online data state) are basic commands. Extended

commands are AT commands that start with "+". All GSM AT commands are extended

commands. For example, +CMGS (Send SMS message), +CMSS (Send SMS message from

storage), +CMGL (List SMS messages) and +CMGR (Read SMS messages) are extended

commands. [10]


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CHAPTER5: INTERFACING AND PROGRAMMING MICROCONTROLLER

5.1 Hardware Connection to the pic microcontroller

The data logger has two UART pins and one Universal Serial Bus (USB). These are serial

interfaces. The other input/output ports on connector block 4 named CON4 are shown in

table 5.1.

Table 5.1: Pin assignments for Sensors and devices

Serial ports are required for interfacing the GSM and GPS modules. For full duplex (two way)

communication with the microcontroller, two pins are necessary, . Therefore the

two UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) pins on the microcontroller are

not sufficient. However, this is overcome by using software. The two hardware components

can be multiplexed by using the Peripheral Pin Select (PPS) feature of the PIC18F27J53

microcontroller.

The PPS feature not only simplifies the PC board design, but it also allows the onboard

peripherals to be multiplexed on different lines. For example, a single UART peripheral can

be used on different pins.

5.2 Programming Pic microcontroller using Script Language

The scripting language is a high-level programming language that is interpreted by another

program at runtime rather than compiled by the computer's processor as other
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/high_level_language.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/interpreter.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/runtime.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/compiler.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/compiler.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/R/runtime.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/interpreter.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/high_level_language.html


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programming languages (such as C and C++) are. The scripting language is implemented on a

virtual machine that incorporates virtual memory support and a (modified) Harvard

architecture. The PC host program converts the source code to machine code that then

executes on the Data Logger.

The PC host program automatically detects the data logger once it has been connected to

the computer.

With the scripting language its possible to program the data logger so that the desired

sensor can be interfaced to the data logger. Without the data logger being programmed, it

is not possible to log any data via the sensors and devices.

Programs written using the scripting language can be executed and debugged without the

data logger being connected to the computer. The program for reading data from the GPS

module has been written and tested. Figure 5.1 shows the simulation window of the

program.

Figure 5.1: PC host software window executing the GPS script
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/C.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/C_plus_plus.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/C_plus_plus.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/C.html


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START

Create new log file

UART initialization

Set baud rate UART to 4800

Data received?

Detect and Receive GPS data

Data processing

Check sum

Decode data

GPSS GPRMC

End

Display data

Store data


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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION

Data loggers are important in almost all industries. They are used to capture and store data

over a period of time. The data can be used to optimize the operations being carried. One

area in which they can be used is Water Sensor Monitoring. Data captured by the loggers

can be transmitted to a central location. This is important in remote sensing and Early

warning systems.

The objective of the project is to Redesign, Assembly, configuration and interfacing of data

logger kit to GPS and GSM. The GPS coordinates obtained by the GPS module are stored on

a memory card. The data is then transmitted to mobile phone or personal computer by

means of the GPS modem.

EAGLE software has been used to redesign the data logger and the GPS module has been

interfaced. Interfacing the data logger to the GSM modem is under way using EAGLE

software, Proteus and the PC host software for script writing. Once the interfacing of GSM is

complete, the components that make up the data logger shall be soldered and the complete

system tested. The findings and results shall then be documented and a final thesis

submitted.


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References

1. S.Smys1, Jennifer S Raj, Nixon Augustine, AUTONOUMOUS VEHICLE NAVIGATION IN

COMMUNICATION CHALLENGED ENVIRONMENTS- A SIMULATION APPROACH, Journal of

Automation & Systems Engineering

2. http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/Disaster_Management_version

3. Zambia Weekly, Week 3, Volume 2, Issue 3, 21 January 2011

4. NASA Systems Engineering Handbook SP6105

5. PIC18F47J53 Family Data Sheet, 2010, Microchip Technology Inc.

6. Christopher T. Robertson,Printed Circuit Board Designer's Reference: Basics.

7. Jon Varteresian, Fabricating Printed Circuit Boards, 2002, Elsevier Science (USA)

8. NYS Project Management Guidebook

9.Ahmed El-Rabbany, Introduction to GPS: the Global Positioning System, 2010.

10. Ahmed Al Mansur, Alvir Kabir, Shahid Jaman, Nahian Chowdhury, Sadeque Reza Khan,

Design and Implementation of Low Cost Home Security System using GSM Network,

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 3, March -2012.


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APPENDEX A

Task Name Start Date End Date Duration %

Completion

Resources

Needed

1 Project Selection 4/5/2012 18/5/2012 14 d 100% Supervisor

+ Nalumino

2 Literature

Review

70% Nalumino

3 Procurement of

Tools

17/12/2012 8/5/1013 110 d 60% Nalumino

4 System Design 1/1/2013 24/1/2013 25 d 90% Nalumino

5 Review of Design 23/1/2013 1/2/2013 7 d 80% Supervisor

+ Nalumino

6 First Oral

Presentation

25/1/2013 25/1/2013 1 d 100% Nalumino

7 Progress Report

Submission

7/3/2013 21/3/2013 14 d 100% Nalumino

8 Interfacing to

GPS

11/3/2013 25/3/2013 14 d 70% Nalumino

9 interfacing to

GSM

26/3/2013 8/3/2013 10 d 0% Nalumino

1

0

Building and

System Testing

10/4/2013 15/5/2013 10 d 0% Supervisor

+ Nalumino

1

1

Work Review 20/5/2013 24/5/2013 5 d 0% Supervisor

1

2

Thesis

Compilation

1/6/2013 25/7/2013 30 d 0% Nalumino

1

3

Thesis Review 29/7/2013 2/8/2013 5 d 0% Supervisor

1

4

Final Project

Demonstration

9/8/2013 9/8/2013 1 d 0%

Table A.1: Work plan


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APPENDIX B

The script file for the GPS interface was developed and simulated. The program is as follows;

header simpleGPS

{// The script shows how to use the UART to connect to a GPS module, the EM408

// The USB Data Logger can automatically decode GPSS GPRMC NMEA sentences.

}

script simpleGPS

{

// Creates A new Log File for this script from scratch, "GPSDecoder.txt"

clearFile "GPSDecoder.txt";

// Initialise the UART, pin D0 is Tx, pin D1 is Rx...

// Baudrate 4800 bps is the default for the GPS module...

// the special GPS decoding mode is enabled by using the define constant

// in the mode definition when opening the serial port #GPSDecodingUART...@@openUART(#GPSDecodingUART + #noRxInvUART + #noTxInvUART, 4800, #D0,

#D1);

print "Sending commands to the GPS module...", newline;

// Refer to the datasheet of the EMS408 for details...

// The nmea built in command sends the output to the serial port, but it

// also keeps a running XOR checksum that is appended to the end of the sentence for error checking

// The NMEA CRC is sent by using the print function pf(#nmea), as shown below. The following

// command sets the output sentences for the EMS408 module to be GPSS

// GPRMC (recommended minimum

// specific settings...

nmea "$PSRF100,1,4800,8,1,0", pf(#nmea);

nmea "$PSRF103,4,0,5,0", pf(#nmea);

print "Waiting for GPS Sentences...", newline;

precision(3);

while(1)

{

if(@@receivedNMEAUART())

{

print newline, "Rx: [", pf(#serialInPipe), "]", newline;

// #GPRMCNumBytesToMatch==32 is the number of bytes output

// by the internal automatic match for GPRMC sentences...if($$nmea.outputPtr>=#GPRMCNumBytesToMatch)

{

print "Output: ", $$nmea.outputPtr, newline;

print newline, "Longitude: ", @@abs($$longitude), " ";

if($$longitude>=0)print "E"; else print "W";

print newline, "Latitude : ", @@abs($$latitude), " ";

if($$latitude>=0)print "N"; else print "S";

print newline, "Speed : ", $$speed, " knots (over

ground)";

print newline, "Heading : ", $$course, " degrees ";

print newline, "GPS Time : ", pf(#vmTime), newline;}


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@@clearUART();

sleep(1);

}

}

}