firo fundamental interpersonal relations orientation introduction to will schutz’ theory of...
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FIRO
Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation
Introduction to Will Schutz’ theory of Behavior
Facilitated byAlan W. Beck
Understanding FIRO Theory
Purpose: Increase awareness of:-- our behavior choices
(what we choose to do)-- our behavior preferences
(what we want)
Understanding FIRO Theory
BACKGROUND:
WILL SCHUTZ’ NAVY RESEARCH--During Korean War—FIRO published 1958--Research to predict interpersonal interactionSUCCESS OF FIRO-B
EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN ELEMENT
BEYOND CONFLICT COURSE RESULTS
BEYOND CONFLICT RESULTS RESEARCH
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Before After
IneffectiveNeutralEffective
• DISPUTES REDUCED 85% IN GROUPS TRAINED THREE YEARS EARLIER.
• California Public Employment Relations Board study on state union-management disputes
BEYOND CONFLICT RESULTS RESEARCH
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Before After
IneffectiveNeutralEffective
• Effective communications increased from 6% to 71%
BEYOND CONFLICT RESULTS RESEARCH
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Before After
LowTrustNeutral
HighTrust
• High trust relationships increased from 10% to 62%
BEYOND CONFLICT RESULTS RESEARCH
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Before After
Adversarial
Neutral
Cooperative
• Adversarial relationships reduced from 70% to 1%
Understanding FIRO TheoryQuestions to consider:
How do I relate to others?
How do others relate to me?
How do I want to relate to others?
How do I want others to relate to me?
Understanding FIRO TheoryWays to increase our awareness:
- Hear and ponder theory.
- Decide on our preferences from opposite choices.
- Guided imagery to visualize our preferences.
- General perceptions from our “best guess.”
- Detailed feedback from instrument.
- Feedback from others.
PERCEPTUAL ACCURACY
AWARENESS
DISTORTION
REALITY
Our Perception of ourselves/others
Understanding FIRO Theory
FIRO choices are not:right or wronggood or badethical or unethicalstupid or intelligentmoral or immoral
Choices are simply how we choose to interact.
FIRO Behavior
INCLUSION
CONTROL
OPENNESS
3 DIMENSIONS
GUIDED IMAGERY
FIRO Behavior
INCLUSION
CONTROL
OPENNESS
3 DIMENSIONS
BE WITHBELONGGET ATTN
HAVE POWERINFLUENCEAUTHORITY
SHARE FEELINGSSECRETSINNER THOUGHTS
Let’s take a boat trip.
Understanding FIRO Theory
Our preference for Inclusion:How strong is your preference?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Alone Together
Understanding FIRO Theory
Our preference for Control:How strong is your preference?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Go with flow Hierarchy
Understanding FIRO Theory
Our preference for Openness:How strong is your preference?
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Businesslike Personal
BEHAVIORAL CHOICESPREFERENCES ON ATMOSPHERE
LOW HIGHINCLUSION:ALONE TOGETHER
CONTROL: FLOW HIERARCHY
OPENNESS: BUSINESSLIKE OPEN
Will Schutz’ Human Element Theory
Let’s decide how to proceed withthe rest of this workshop.
Let’s decide how to proceed withthe rest of this workshop.
How should we spend therest of our time today?
INCLUSION PREFERENCESLOW HIGHBEING OUT BEING ININTROVERTED EXTRAVERTEDALONE TOGETHERRESERVED PARTICIPATIVEPRIVATE INCLUSIVE
INTERACTIONPARTICIPATIONINVOLVEDJOIN
TOGETHERNESSPROMINENCEOUTSIDERALONE
ACCEPTEDDETACHEDASSOCIATEEXCLUDED
INCLUSION ISSUES/CONCERNS
CONTROL PREFERENCESLOW HIGHBEING ON BOTTOM BEING ON TOPAccomodating Decision makingAccepting InfluentialAdaptable QuestioningUnstructured CriticalEasygoing Directing
POWERAUTHORITYINFLUENCELEADER
DOMINANCEOBEDIENCECHAIN OF CMDCONFORMANCE
HARMONYFOLLOWERFLEXIBLESUBMISSIVE
CONTROL ISSUES/CONCERNS
OPENNESS PREFERENCESLOW HIGHBEING CLOSED BEING OPENPRIVATE PERSONALPERSONAL EXPRESSIVEBUSINESSLIKE FRIENDLYSECRETIVE EMBRACING
DISTANTELUSIVEUNEMOTIONAL
AFFIRMINGCLOSENESSFAMILY
FRIENDSHIPLOVE/LIKEFEELINGS
OPENNESS ISSUES/CONCERNS
How FIRO preference may affect management decisionsor recommendations for policy.
How FIRO preference may affect management decisionsor recommendations for policy.
Assume two managers are to recommend policy to you. You know their FIRO preferences are:
Inclusion Control OpennessLee 9 1 6Jan 2 9 2
TEAM COMPATABILITY
I INCLUDE YOU----------YOU WANT TO BE INCLUDED
I CONTROL YOU-----YOU WANT TO BE CONTROLLED
I AM OPEN WITH YOU----YOU WANT ME TO BE OPEN
FIRO ELEMENT B MEASURESWHAT WE DO AND WHAT WE WANT TO GET FROM OTHERS
SELF-ESTEEM
FIRO ELEMENT B MEASURESWHAT WE SEE OURSELVES AS DOING OR GETTING ANDWHAT WE WANT TO DO OR GET
THE “DO-GET” DIFFERENCE MAYREFLECT OUR SATISFACTION
SELF ESTEEM
HOW SATISFIED AM I WITH ME?
WHAT IGETFROMOTHERS
WHAT IWANTFROMOTHERS
SELFESTEEM
IT MAY BE STRESSFUL TO WORK AGAINST YOUR PREFERENCES
I WANT TO CONTROL YOU, BUTI AM NOT CONTROLLING YOU
I WANT TO WORK ALONE, BUTI AM WORKING IN A TEAM.
I DON’T WANT TO SHARE MYSECRETS WITH YOU, BUT I AMCHOOSING TO SHARE THEM.
12 FIRO MEASURES
DO--------------WANT TO DOGET-------------WANT TO GET
4 INCLUSION SCORES
4 CONTROL SCORES
4 OPENNESS SCORES
FIRO ELEMENT B
4 INCLUSION MEASURESLOW HIGH1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
I INCLUDE PEOPLEI WANT TO INCLUDE PEOPLE
PEOPLE INCLUDE MEI WANT PEOPLE TO INCLUDE ME
FIRO ELEMENT B
4 CONTROL MEASURESLOW HIGH1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
I CONTROL PEOPLEI WANT TO CONTROL PEOPLE
PEOPLE CONTROL MEI WANT PEOPLE TO CONTROL ME
FIRO ELEMENT B
4 OPENNESS MEASURESLOW HIGH1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
I AM OPEN WITH PEOPLEI WANT TO BE OPEN WITH PEOPLE
PEOPLE ARE OPEN WITH MEI WANT PEOPLE TO BE OPEN WITH ME
USING YOUR FIRO SCORES
LOOK FOR DIFFERENCES > 2(IT SHOWS WHERE YOU ARE NOT GETTING WHAT YOU WANT)
CONSIDER YOUR RIGIDITYIN BEHAVIOR VERSUS YOURFLEXIBILITY TO CHOOSE TOACT DIFFERENT FROM YOURFIRO SCORE PREFERENCE.
RIGIDITY IN BEHAVIORAL CHOICE
FLEXIBLE BEHAVIOR IS DESIRABLE GOAL
WE SHOULD CHOOSE BEHAVIOR APPROPRIATE TO THE CIRCUMSTANCES.
IF WE ARE RIGID AND ENTRENCHED IN OURBEHAVIOR, WE MAY EXHIBIT BEHAVIORWHICH APPEARS NEGATIVE TO OTHERSAND THUS IMPAIR OUR EFFECTIVENESS.
RIGIDITY OTHERS SEE IF WE ARERIGID ON INCLUSION:
LOW MIDDLE HIGH
AVOIDING HALF-HEARTED ACTING OUTQUITTING IN-OUT BEHAVIOR OVER INVOLVEDWITHHOLDING LUKE WARM TAKING CREDITLEAVING COMMITMENT BUSY BODYNOT AVAIL. OVER NEUTRAL “NOTICE ME”
RIGIDITY OTHERS SEE IF WE ARERIGID ON CONTROL:
LOW MIDDLE HIGH
PASSIVITY GIVES IN THREATENINGCOMPLACENCY PLAYS MARTYR ONLY MY WAYNON-ASSERTION OVERLY NICE SHAMINGNOT TRYING BLAMING HOSTILEAVOIDING NAME CALLING ATACKINGRESPONSIBILIY RIDICULES DOMINEERING
NEGATIVE ARGUING
RIGIDITY OTHERS SEE IF WE ARERIGID ON OPENNESS:
LOW MIDDLE HIGH
WITHHOLDING LACKING PASSION SUPERFICIALSILENT PLEASANT FRIENDLYSAYS NOTHING NEUTRAL PREMATURESECRETIVE UNPREDICTABLE OVERPROCESSWON’T ASK HOT OR COLD TELLS TOO
MUCH
SO WHAT? TELL THE TRUTH.
CHOOSE YOUR BEHAVIOR, UNDERSTANDING YOUR SELF AND OTHERS.
SEEK DEEPER AWARENESS TO ENABLE MORE OPEN AND HONEST BEHAVIOR WITH CO-WORKERS.
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Schutz Philosophy• At the heart of all human functioning is the Self.
• Best solutions to organizational and leadership issues
require self-awareness as an essential first step.
• Deeper self-awareness leads to self-acceptance and
then self-esteem.
• As individuals gain self-awareness and self-esteem,
they become more open and honest with their co-
workers. Schutz, 1994
The rest of Schutz’ FIRO story:Book/workshop The Human Element Other FIRO instruments, including:FIRO Element F—FeelingsFIRO Element S---SelfFIRO Element J---JobFIRO Element W---Work relationsFIRO Element O---Organizational ClimateTeam Compatibility IndexLeadership survey
Military Service DifferencesMean FIRO Element B #11, 21, 31
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I includepeople
I controlpeople
I am openwith
people
Army O-6Navy O-6USAF O-6
Military Service DifferencesMean FIRO Element B #12, 22, 32
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Army O-6Navy O-6USAF O-6
I want toincludepeople
I want tocontrolpeople
I want tobe opento people
Military Service DifferencesMean FIRO Element B #13, 23, 33
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Peopleinclude
me
Peoplecontrol
me
People areopen with
me
Army O-6Navy O-6USAF O-6
Military Service DifferencesMean FIRO Element B #14, 24, 34
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Army O-6Navy O-6USAF O-6
I want people toinclude me
I want people tocontrol me
I wantpeople tobe open with me