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República Bolivariana de Venezuela

FUNDAIDIOMAS

Mérida, Edo. Mérida

THE EIFFEL TOWER

Dixon G. Montilva M.

18.798.954

Ingles Conversacional I

Mérida, 26 de Abril de 2011



The Eiffel Tower

The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift,

to the first and second levels. The walk to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk

from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator.

Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.

The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the

establishing shot of films set in the city.

The Eiffel Tower (in French: La Tour Eiffel; nicknameLa dame de fer, the iron lady) is a iron lattice towerlocated on the Champ-de-Mars in Paris, at the 7th

disctrict. Built in 1889, it has become both a globalicon of France and one of the most recognizablestructures in the world. The tower is the tallestbuilding in Paris and the most-visited paid monumentin the world; millions of people ascend it every year.Named for its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, thetower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889World's Fair.

The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall. Upon its

completion, it surpassed the Washington Monumentto assume the title of tallest man-made structure inthe world, a title it held for 41 years, until theChrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930;however, due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna,the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building.

Images of tickets to enter to the Eiffel Tower



History

The risk of accident was great as, unlike modern skyscrapers, the tower is an open frame

without any intermediate floors except the two platforms. However, because Eiffel took

safety precautions, including the use of movable stagings, guard-rails and screens, only

one man died. The tower was inaugurated on 31 March 1889, and opened on 6 May.

The tower was much criticised by the public when it was built, with many calling it an

eyesore. Newspapers of the day were filled with angry letters from the arts community of

Paris. Novelist Guy de Maupassantwho claimed to hate the towersupposedly ate

lunch in the Tower's restaurant every day. When asked why, he answered that it was the

one place in Paris where one could not see the structure. Today, the Tower is widelyconsidered to be a striking piece of structural art.

The structure was built between 1887

and 1889 as the entrance arch for the

Exposition Universelle, a World's Fair

marking the centennial celebration of

the French Revolution. Three hundred

workers joined together 18,038 pieces

of puddled iron, using two and a half

million rivets, in a structural design by

Maurice Koechlin. Gustave Eiffel was

assisted in the design by engineers Émile

Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin and

architect Stephen Sauvestre.

Construction of the Eiffel Tower

One of the great Hollywood movie clichés is that the view

from a Parisian window always includes the tower. In

reality, since zoning restrictions limit the height of most

buildings in Paris to 7 stories, only a very few of the taller

buildings have a clear view of the tower.

Eiffel had a permit for the tower to stand for 20 years; it

was to be dismantled in 1909, when its ownership wouldrevert to the City of Paris. The City had planned to tear it

down (part of the original contest rules for designing a

tower was that it could be easily demolished) but as the

tower proved valuable for communication purposes, it was

allowed to remain after the expiry of the permit. The

military used it to dispatch Parisian taxis to the front line

during the First Battle of the Marne.

The Eiffel Tower from

the street view from the

5th district of Paris.



Tourism

Restaurants

The tower has two restaurants: Altitude 95, on the first floor 311 ft (95 m) above sea level;

and the Jules Verne, an expensive gastronomical restaurant on the second floor, with a

private lift. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide. In January 2007, the

multi-Michelin star chef Alain Ducasse was brought in to run Jules Verne.

Attempted Relocation

According to interviews given in the early 1980s, Montreal Mayor Jean Drapeau

negotiated a secret agreement with French President Charles de Gaulle for the tower to

be dismantled and temporarily relocated to Montreal, Canada; to serve as a landmark and

tourist attraction during Expo 67. The plan was allegedly vetoed by the company which

operated the tower out of fear that the French government could refuse permission for

the tower to be restored to its original location.

Map of the location of the Eiffel Tower in Paris

More than 200,000,000 people have

visited the tower since its construction

in 1889, including 6,719,200 in 2006.

The tower is the most-visited paid

monument in the world.



Dimensions of the Eiffel Tower

Exterior Side: 18,65 mSurface: 350 m²

Exterior Side: 40,96 mSurface: 1650 m²

Exterior Side: 70,69 m

Surface: 4200 m²

Base: 33,5 m.o.s.l.s(Meters Over Sea Level

Standard)



Vocabulary

Lattice Tower: is a freestanding framework tower, that can be used as electricity pylons

for voltages above 100 kilovolts, as a radio tower (a self-radiating tower or as a carrier for

aerials) or as an observation tower.

Puddled iron: is a very pure form of structural iron.

Puddling: is a technique in wich the molten iron in a reverberatory furnace (oven) was

stirred with rods, which were consumed in the process. Later, it was also used to produce

a good-quality steel with the correct amount of carbon; this was a highly skilled art, but

both high-carbon and low-carbon steels were successfully produced on a small scale,

particularly for swords, knives and other weapons.

M.O.S.L.S.: Meters Over Sea Level Standard.

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