Fundamental CausesFundamental Causesof theof theCivil WarCivil War

4.1 Notes4.1 Notes

Economical Key Economical Key DifferencesDifferences

NORTHNORTH

IndustrialIndustrial

FactoriesFactories

ManufacturingManufacturing

Big cities / urbanBig cities / urban

Anti-slaveryAnti-slavery

High populationHigh population

SOUTHSOUTH

AgriculturalAgricultural

Plantations / FarmsPlantations / Farms

Small cities / ruralSmall cities / rural

Pro-slaveryPro-slavery

King Cotton = King Cotton = southern wealthsouthern wealth

Less populousLess populous

Political CausesPolitical Causes Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

– Maintained balance of free/slave statesMaintained balance of free/slave states– 1818: Missouri requests statehood1818: Missouri requests statehood– N. and S. debate issue of Slavery in MON. and S. debate issue of Slavery in MO– Congress passes compromiseCongress passes compromise

Maine admitted as free stateMaine admitted as free state Missouri admitted as slave stateMissouri admitted as slave state Louisiana Territory split in two parts – Louisiana Territory split in two parts –

divided at 36/30 N. latitudedivided at 36/30 N. latitude South of line, slavery is legalSouth of line, slavery is legal North of line, (except MO) is illegalNorth of line, (except MO) is illegal

Statehood for Statehood for California - 1850California - 1850– CA constitution CA constitution

forbade slaveryforbade slavery– Alarmed/angered S.Alarmed/angered S.– Assumed CA would Assumed CA would

be slave state be slave state because mostly because mostly below compromise below compromise lineline

• Wanted compromise to apply to territories west of Louisiana Purchase to ensure more slave states• Threats of secession at Congressional debates

- formal withdrawal of a state from the union

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 CA admitted as free CA admitted as free

statestate Popular sovereignty for Popular sovereignty for

residents of New residents of New Mexico and Utah Mexico and Utah territoriesterritories– Right to vote for/against Right to vote for/against

slaveryslavery Harsher fugitive slave Harsher fugitive slave

lawslaws– Slaves not entitled to Slaves not entitled to

trial by jurytrial by jury– Fines and imprisonment Fines and imprisonment

for those aiding fugitivesfor those aiding fugitives

Kansas – Nebraska Kansas – Nebraska ActAct

Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted popular Sen. Stephen Douglas wanted popular sovereignty for KS and NE territoriessovereignty for KS and NE territories

Problem = territories north of compromise Problem = territories north of compromise lineline

Legally closed to slaveryLegally closed to slavery Bill introduced to divide territoryBill introduced to divide territory

– NE in northNE in north– KS in southKS in south

Became law in 1854Became law in 1854 Repealed MO Repealed MO

CompromiseCompromise

““Bleeding Bleeding Kansas”Kansas”

Race for KansasRace for Kansas Attempts to populate Attempts to populate Kansas to win voteKansas to win vote 1855 vote1855 vote 1,000s of “border ruffians” crossed 1,000s of “border ruffians” crossed

from MO to KS to vote illegallyfrom MO to KS to vote illegally Gov’t set up at Lecompton - pro-Gov’t set up at Lecompton - pro-

slavery acts passedslavery acts passed Abolitionists set up rival gov’t in Abolitionists set up rival gov’t in

TopekaTopeka Led to bloody violenceLed to bloody violence

New Republican PartyNew Republican Party Opponents of slavery Opponents of slavery

in territoriesin territories United in opposition United in opposition

of Kansas-Nebraska of Kansas-Nebraska ActAct

Nominated John C. Nominated John C. Fremont as candidateFremont as candidate

Fremont win could Fremont win could have caused have caused immediate Southern immediate Southern secessionsecession

Dem. James Buchanan Dem. James Buchanan won insteadwon instead

Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

Owner took him from Owner took him from MO to free territory in MO to free territory in IL and WI then backIL and WI then back

Appealed for freedomAppealed for freedom Supreme Court ruled Supreme Court ruled

against Scottagainst Scott He was not a citizen He was not a citizen 55thth Amendment Amendment

protected “property”protected “property”

Abraham Abraham Lincoln Lincoln ElectedElected

1860 Republican 1860 Republican presidential candidatepresidential candidate

Appeared moderate in Appeared moderate in viewsviews

Pledged to halt further Pledged to halt further spread of slaveryspread of slavery

Promised not to Promised not to interfere with existing interfere with existing slaveryslavery

Southerners still viewed Southerners still viewed him as enemyhim as enemy

Democratic party split Democratic party split over slavery issuesover slavery issues– Divided Southern Divided Southern

votesvotes Lincoln victoriousLincoln victorious

Southern Southern SecessionSecession

Struggle over slavery viewed as conflictStruggle over slavery viewed as conflict– States’ right to self-determination VS. Federal States’ right to self-determination VS. Federal

gov’t controlgov’t control Felt Political voice in national gov’t was lostFelt Political voice in national gov’t was lost S.C. seceded – Dec. 20, 1860S.C. seceded – Dec. 20, 1860 MS, AL, GA, LA, TX, FL, VA, NC, TN, AR MS, AL, GA, LA, TX, FL, VA, NC, TN, AR

followedfollowed Confederate States of America formedConfederate States of America formed Constitution written- “protected and Constitution written- “protected and

recognized” slaveryrecognized” slavery Jefferson Davis of MS elected presidentJefferson Davis of MS elected president

Key Key Question…Question…

Would the North allow the South to Would the North allow the South to leave the Union without a fight?leave the Union without a fight?