FUNDAMENTAL & IMMEDIATE CAUSES

• SLAVERY, STATES’ RIGHTS, & ECONOMICS

• ELECTION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN & SECESSION OF SOUTHERN STATES FROM UNION

GA’S GOVERNOR AGAINST NORTHERN

ABOLITIONISTS, ASKS GA TO SECEDE &

FORM ORDINANCE OF SECESSION

ORDINANCE OF SECESSION:1. GA REPEALED RATIFICATION OF USCONSTITUTION2. MEMBERSHIP IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DISSOLVED3. FROM NOW ON GA WOULD BE A FREE INDEPENDENT NATION CALLED THE REPUBLICOF GEORGIASOME STATE DELEGATES WANTED IMMEDIATESECESSION SOME WANTED TO SEE WHAT PRES. LINCOLN SAID (ALEXANDER STEPHENS)LINCOLN SAYS SECESSION ILLEGAL & REBELLION

TIMELINE OF CIVIL WAR•LINCOLN ELECTED PRES1860 OF UNION•S. CAROLINA, MISS,FLA,ALA,GA, LA SECEDE AND FORM CONFEDERATESTATES OF AMERICA (JEFFERSON DAVIS)•UNION ARMY SECURES FORT SUMTER CHARLESTON (S.CAROLINA) •CONFEDERACY FIRE ON FT. SUMTER TO BEGIN WAR & LINCOLN DECLARES S. NAVAL BLOCKADE•TEXAS,VA,ARK, N.CAROLINA, TENN JOIN CONFEDERACY 11 STATES IN ALL• 4 BORDER SLAVE STATES REMAIN UNION MARYLAND, KENTUCKY, DELAWARE, MISSOURI

TIMELINE CONTINUED• LINCOLN CALLS FOR 75,000 NORTHERNTROUPS “BILLY YANK”– GA’S GOV. BROWN CALLS 25,000 GA TROUPS “JOHNNY REBS”• ARSENALS TO MAKE WEAPONS &AMMUNITION BUILT IN AUGUSTA, ATLANTA,COLUMBUS, MACON• CONFEDERACY OUTNUMBERED SO BEGAN DRAFT “I’M OVER 16”• BLOCKADE OF GA COASTAL PORTS LIKE DARIEN & BRUNSWICK KEPT CONFEDERACYFROM SENDING SUPPLIES TO TROUPSSAVANNAH- MAIN SUPPLIER ATTACKED BYUNION AND CAUSE CONFEDERACY GREAT PROBLEMS

TIMELINE

• FIRST REAL BATTLE - BATTLE OF BULL

RUN WON BY CONFEDERACY (ROBERT E.

LEE)- CONFEDERACY SUPERIOR LEADERS

UNION – MORE TROUPS OF CONTROL OF

GA’S COASTAL PORTS

• NEXT 3 BATTLES –FT. HENRY,FT. DONELSON, SHILOH (TENN) – UNION WINS

• NEXT 2ND BATTLE OF BULL RUN –

CONFEDERACY WINS

• BATTLE OF ANTIETAM – AFTER 2ND BULLRUN VICTORY, LEE TRIED TO CAPTURE D.C.BUT STOPPED BY UNION TROUPS AT ANTIETAM CREEK (MARYLAND) BLOODIEST DAYS OF CIVIL WAR – UNION ARMY(GEN. MCCLELLAN) WON TO PROTECT D.C.• LINCOLN ISSUES IMMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION – FREED SLAVES IN ONLY CONFEDERATE STATES SO NORTH COULD USESLAVES AS SOLDIERS & DISCOURAGE EUROPEANTRADE WITH SOUTH• FREDERICKSBURG & CHANCELLORSVILLE(VA) – CONF. WON

• BATTLE OF

VICKSBURG (VA)

GETTYSBURG

(PENN) – BEGAN

SERIES OF UNION VICTORIES & GREAT

DEATH FOR CONFEDERATE TROUPS;

GEN. ROBERT E. LEE LED CONFED. TROUPS

3 DAYS OF FIGHTING (JULY 1-3) & LOST

28,000 SOLDIERS- GREATEST BATTLE EVER

FOUGHT ON AMERICAN SOIL

• GREAT UNION GENERAL ULYSSES S.

GRANT LED FORCES INTO

VICKSBURG (MISS) AND CHATTANOOGA

(TENN)

• GA’S CITIES (SAVANNAH, ATLANTA, MACON, COLUMBUS, AUGUSTA) HAD SUPPLIED MOST FOR CONFEDERACY BUTONLY COASTAL CITIES BLOCKED• SO UNION GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMANBEGAN MARCH INTO GEORGIA TO DESTROYGA’S W&A RAILROAD• SHERMAN CAME INTO GA 1ST BY WAY OFCHICKAMAUGA – WHICH WAS WON BY THECONFEDERATE IN A BLOODY BATTLE

• GEN. GRANTGAVE SHERMANORDERS TO TAKECONFEDERACYAT DALTON, RESACA, KENNESAW MT. &

MARIETTAALL FOLLOWED W&A RAILROAD ROUTE• EACH TIME CONFEDERATE PUSHED SOUTH TO DIG TRENCHES • CONFEDERACY REPLACED GENERAL BUTSHERMAN LAID SEIGE ON ATLANTA FOR 40 DAYSATLANTA SURRENDERED AND CIVILIANS LEFT AND CITY & RAILROAD WERE BURNED TO THE GROUND

• SHERMAN BATTLED AT JONESBORO & THEN RECEIVED ORDERS TO GO TOSAVANNAH• UNION SOLDIERS WERE TO LIVE OFF GA’SLAND AND DESTROY RESOURCES THAT CONFEDERATE ARMIES DEPENDED PLUSPRIVATE PROPERTY DESPITE ORDERS• AFTER PASSING THROUGH MACON,SHERMAN TELEGRAPHED LINCOLN IN DEC.TO PRESENT HIM WITH THE X-MAS PRESENT OF SAVANNAH GUNS, AMMUNITION, AND

BALES OF COTTON

• ON APRIL 9,1865

LEE SIGNED

SURRENDER

PAPERS TO

GRANT AT THE APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE

IN VIRGINIA

CONFEDERATE TROUPS IN GA (JOHNSON)

SURRENDERED TO SHERMAN ON APRIL 26

OF THAT SAME YEAR- KNOWN AS

CONFEDERATE MEMORIAL DAY IN GEORGIA

• CONFEDERATEPRISONER OF WARCAMP NEARAMERICUS THATHELD UP TO OVER19,000 UNIONSOLDIERS AT A TIME• MUCH LIKE A CONCENTRATION CAMP• WHEN CIVIL WAR ENDED OVER 45,000 UNION SOLDIERS HAD DIED HERE• GENERAL IN CHARGE OF PRISON WAS CONVICTED OF WAR CRIMES AND HANGED