fundamental of mgt

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Fundamentals of Management:

an introductory overview

Session 2

11 March 2013Civil Service College Dhaka


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Session Contents

What is management ? Who is a manager? Management process Is management an art or a science? Changing environment of management Course Outline References

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What is management ?

Management is the process of designing andmaintaining an environment in which individuals,working together in groups , efficiently accomplishselected aims (Heinz Weihrich, et. al.).

Management is a set of activities (including planningand decision making, organizing, leading andcontrolling) directed at an organizations resources(human, financial, physical, and information), withthe aim of achieving organizational goals in anefficient and effective manner (Ricky W. Griffin).

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What is management ? (contd.)Management definitions can be explained as: Managers carry out the managerial functions of

planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. Management applies to any kind of organization. Management is required at all organizational levels. Aim of all mangers is the same: to create a surplus. Managing is concerned with productivity, which

implies effectiveness and efficiency .

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Functions of Management

Coordination is the essence of management.However, management/coordination can bedivided into 5 distinct functions:

1. Planning and Decision Making,2. Organizing,3. Staffing,

4. Leading, and5. controlling.

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Management Process

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Planning&

decision

making

Controlling

e d

e f f e c t i

v e l

y

e f f i

c i

e n t

Organizing

Leading


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Organizational Management What is an Organization? An organization can be defined as a group of people

working together in structured and coordinatedfashion to achieve a set of goals.

Goals may include: Profit making (a profit making firm) Cultivating knowledge ( an university) Providing social service (an NGOs) National security (national army)

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Organizational Management

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Inputs fromenvironment

Human resources Financial resources

Physical resources

Informationresources

Planning&

decisionmaking

Controlling

Goals attained effectively

efficiently

Organizing

Leading


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Managing Organizations (contd.)

Effective is defined as making the rightdecisions and successfully implementingthem.

Efficient is defined as using resources wiselyand in a cost effective way .

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Who is a Manager?

A manager is someone whose primary responsibilityis to carry out the management process.

Management process involves planning and decisionmaking, organizing, leading and controlling.

Managers plan and make decisions, organize,

lead and control human, financial, physical andinformation resources.

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Areas of Management/Manager Areas of management/managers may include:

Human Resource Managers Financial Managers

Marketing Managers Operations Managers Administrative Managers

Other further specialized managers: R&D Managers PR Managers

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Basic Managerial RolesCategory Role Sample activitiesDecisional Entrepreneur developing new ideas for innovation

Resourceallocator

reviewing and revising budget

Negotiator reaching agreement with input supplier

Disturbance

handler

resolving conflict between two

departmentsInterpersonal Figurehead attending ribbon-cutting ceremony

Leader encouraging employees to improveproductivity

Liaison coordinating activities of two groupsInformational Monitor scanning reports to stay updated

Disseminator sending memos outlining new initiatives

Spokesperson making a speech about the new

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External EnvironmentsManagers can not operate in isolation, they operate in

the external environment over which they may nothave control like:

Macro-economic environment Technological change Social change Ecological change Political climate Ethical /regulatory environment.

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Is Management Essential ?

Management is absolutely essential for all types of Enterprise. Enterprise refers to a business,government agency, university, hospital, and anyother type of organization.

Management, thus, applies to large and small organization, profit to not-for-profit enterprises, manufacturing , as well as service industries.

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Managerial Functions at DifferentOrganizational levels

All managers carry out managerial functions.However, the time spent for each function may differ.

Top-level managers spend more time on planningand organizing than do lower-level managers.

Junior-lever managers take a great deal of time forleading.

Difference in time spent on controlling varies slightly

for managers at various levels.

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Skills Requirement for Managers

Three kinds of skills are required for managerial jobs:1. Technical skills

2. Human/interpersonal skills3. Conceptual and design skills.

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Sources of Management Skills

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Sound educationalbase

continued life-long

educational experience

Initial job experiences continued experiencesthrough a variety of job

experiments

Successful acquisition andutilization of basicmanagement skills


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Levels of management

Top

Managers

Middle Managers

First-line/Junior Managers

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Goals of All Managers/Organization

The main goal of all managers/organizations,either business or non-business, should be togenerate surplus, by establishing an

environment in which people can accomplishgroup goals with the least amount of time,money, materials and personal dissatisfaction

(cost effective way).

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Management: art or science?

Managing like all other practices is a know-how andso an art.

Yet managers can work better by using the organizedknowledge about management and this organizedknowledge of management is a science.

Managing as practice is an art; the organizedknowledge underlying the practice is science.

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Approaches to Understand ManagementDifferent approaches developed to study management: Classical management

Scientific management Administrative management

Behavioral management Human relation movement Organizational behavior

Quantitative management

Management science Operations management

Integrating approach System approach

Contingency approach mgs 21


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Course Outline Management: an overview

Management: an introductory overview Historical development of management ideas

Environmental Context of Management Environment and culture of organizations Ethical and social environment Global environment

Planning and Decision Making Basic element of planning and decision making Managing strategy and strategic planning Managing decision making and problem solving Managing new venture formation and entrepreneurship

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Course Outline (contd.) Organizing Process

Basic elements of organizing Organization structure: departmentalization Line/staff authority, empowerment, and

decentralization Staffing Process

Human resource management and selection

Performance appraisal and career strategy Managing change through organization

development

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Course Outline (contd.)

Leading Process Human factors and motivation Leadership

Committees, teams, and group decision making communication

Controlling Process

System and process of controlling Control techniques and information technology Managing operations, quality and productivity

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References

1. Robbins. S. P. and et.al. (2011) Fundamentals of Management: essential concepts and application(6 th edition), Pearson

2. Griffin, R. W. (2012) Management: principles and

application (10 th edition), Cengage Learning3. Weihrick, H and et.al. (2011) Management: a global

and entrepreneurial perspective (13 th edition),McGraw Hill

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Thanks

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