Genetics TEST Review

Biology2010

What are non sex chromosomes called?

Hom

ologou

s

Dip

loid

Auto

som

es

Hap

loid

0% 0%0%0%

1. Homologous 2. Diploid3. Autosomes4. Haploid

10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

A mule is the result of a cross between a donkey and a horse. A mule is a

tetra

d.

phenotype.

genoty

pe.

hybrid.

25% 25%25%25%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. tetrad.2. phenotype.3. genotype.4. hybrid.

The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called

nondisjuncti

on...

X-chro

mosome i..

.

Turner’s

syndr..

.

Down sy

ndrome.

25% 25%25%25%

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. nondisjunction.2. X-chromosome inactivation.3. Turner’s syndrome.4. Down syndrome.

Shaded symbols represent afflicted people. Males are squares; women are circles. If the trait is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome, what is true about the mother represented by circle 1

She has t

wo al...

She has o

ne al...

She has n

o all...

She has t

he ge...

25% 25%25%25%

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. She has two alleles for the disorder.2. She has one allele for the disorder.3. She has no alleles for the disorder.4. She has the genotype XXY.

How many generations are shown in the pedigree

2 4 6 8

25% 25%25%25%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. 22. 43. 64. 8

The trait has two alleles: P (dominant) and p (recessive). The black symbols show the dominant phenotype, and the white symbols show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of individual number 4?

PP Pp P pp

25% 25%25%25%

:10

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. PP2. Pp3. P4. pp

The allele for the trait in the pedigree is dominant. What is the probability of the couple

labeled 2 of having a child with the trait?

25%50%

75%100%

25% 25%25%25%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. 25%2. 50%3. 75%4. 100%

If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what

might be the offspring’s blood type?

AB or O

A, B, o

r O

A, B, A

B, or O

AB only

25% 25%25%25%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. AB or O2. A, B, or O3. A, B, AB, or O4. AB only

Blood Types

Blood Type Combination of Alleles

A IAIA or IAi

B IBIB or IBi

AB IAIB

O ii

Which of the following statements is true?

Females c

annot..

.

A colorb

lind g.

..

A sex-lin

ked a...

A colorb

lind b...

25% 25%25%25%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. Females cannot have hemophilia.2. A colorblind girl’s father must be

colorblind. 3. A sex-linked allele cannot be

dominant.4. A colorblind boy’s father must be

colorblind.

Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because the allele for colorblindness is

dominant and lo

cated o...

rece

ssive

and loca

ted o...

rece

ssive and lo

cate

d o...

dominant and lo

cated o...

25% 25%25%25%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. dominant and located on the X chromosome.2. recessive and located on the Y chromosome.3. recessive and located on the X chromosome.4. dominant and located on the Y chromosome.

What is used to determine if a child has a genetic disorder or gender

Hap

loid

Dip

olid

Bin

ary

fissi

on

Kar

yoty

pe

0% 0%0%0%

1. Haploid2. Dipolid3. Binary fission4. Karyotype

:10

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Sex-linked genes are located on

the auto

somal ..

.

the X ch

romoso

...

the Y ch

romoso

...

both th

e X chr..

.

25% 25%25%25%

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1. the autosomal chromosomes.2. the X chromosome only.3. the Y chromosome only.4. both the X chromosome and

the Y chromosome.

How many TOTAL chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype

2 23 44 46

25% 25%25%25%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. 22. 233. 444. 46

True or False- Karyotype can only show a child's gender

True

False

50%50%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. True2. False

ID the child

Klinefelte

r, m...

Klinefelte

r, f...

Turner s

yndrom...

Turner s

yndrom...

Norm

al boy

Norm

al girl

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. Klinefelter, male 2. Klinefelter, female3. Turner syndrome,

male4. Turner syndrome,

female5. Normal boy6. Normal girl

what is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be male?

10%25%

50%75%

25% 25%25%25%

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. 10%2. 25%3. 50%4. 75%

Human males produce sperm cells that have

one X chro

mosome.

two X ch

romoso

mes.

one X or one Y ch

romo...

one X and one Y chro

m...

25% 25%25%25%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. one X chromosome.2. two X chromosomes.3. one X or one Y chromosome.4. one X and one Y chromosome.

Variation in human skin color is an example of

inco

mplete dom...

codominance

.

polygenic

trai...

multi

ple allel...

25% 25%25%25%

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. incomplete dominance.2. codominance.3. polygenic traits.4. multiple alleles.

A cross of a black cat (BB) with a white cat (bb) produces all speckled offspring (Bb). This type of

inheritance is known as

inco

mplete dominance

.

polygenic

inheritance

.

codominance

.

multi

ple alleles.

25% 25%25%25%

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1. incomplete dominance.2. polygenic inheritance.3. codominance.4. multiple alleles.

one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called

Complete domin...

inco

mplete dom...

co dominant.

multi

ple genes..

.

25% 25%25%25%

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1. Complete dominance.2. incomplete dominance.3. co dominant.4. multiple genes.

Gregor Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to

plants only.

animals

only.

pea plants onl...

all organism

s.

25% 25%25%25%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. plants only.2. animals only.3. pea plants only.4. all organisms.

T/F when doing a dihybrid cross – traits are independently assorted

True

False

50%50%

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1. True2. False RrYy

RY Ry rY ry

RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYySeed ShapeR = Round r =

Wrinkled

RrYy Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy Seed ColorY = Yellow y = GreenrY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy

ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy

which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?

About half a

re...

All are expect.

..

About thre

e fo...

All are expect.

..

25% 25%25%25%

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1. About half are expected to be short.2. All are expected to be short.3. About three fourths are expected to be tall.4. All are expected to be tall.

T t

T TT Tt

T TT Tt

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are

hybrid.

homozygous.

hetero

zygous.

dominant.

25% 25%25%25%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. hybrid.2. homozygous.3. heterozygous.4. dominant.

When the two alleles are different

hyb

rid.

homozygous.

hetero

zygous.

dominant.

25% 25%25%25%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. hybrid. 2. homozygous.3. heterozygous.4. dominant.

T/F A genotype is the physical traits

True

False

50%50%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. True2. False

A heterozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be short is

25%. 50%.

75%.

100%.

25% 25%25%25%

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1. 25%.2. 50%.3. 75%.4. 100%.

probability can be used to

determ

ine the ...

determ

ine whic.

..

decide w

hich o...

predict

the tr

...

25% 25%25%25%

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1. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.

2. determine which species should be used in genetic crosses.

3. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.

4. predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses.

When you flip a coin, what is the probability that it will come up tails

1 1/2 1/4 1/8

25% 25%25%25%

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. 12. 1/23. 1/44. 1/8

In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants

reappeared in the F2 generation because

the alle

le for s

hortness

...

the alle

les for b

oth hei...

the alle

le for s

hortness

...

33% 33%33%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. the allele for shortness becomes more common in the F2 generation.

2. the alleles for both heights were present in the F1 plants.

3. the allele for shortness becomes dominant in the F2 generation.

If a pea plant’s alleles for height are tt. What could we conclude about the parents?

Both pare

nts were

tall.

Both pare

nts were

short.

Both pare

nts co

ntribute

d..

Both pare

nts co

ntribute

...

25% 25%25%25%

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. Both parents were tall.2. Both parents were short.3. Both parents contributed a

recessive allele.4. Both parents contributed a

dominant allele.

Questions about a Karyotype?

1. What term do we use to describe the pair of chromosomes?

2. How are the chromosomes that make up each number pair similar?

3. What chromosomes are autosomes?4. Which are sex chromosomes?5. Can you explain any abnormalities?

Chapter 11 and 14 Genetics 2010 33

Attached earlobes are recessive, person number 2 must be

Hetero

zygo

us

Homozy

gous d

om...

Homozy

gous r

ec...

33% 33%33%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. Heterozygous2. Homozygous dominant3. Homozygous recessive

What would the genotype of 14

EE Ee ee

33% 33%33%

:10

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. EE2. Ee3. ee

How many possible phenotypes are there?

1 2 3 4 10

20% 20% 20%20%20%

:10

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

RrYyRRYy

RY Ry RY Ry

RY RRYY RRYy RRYY RRYy

Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy RRyy

rY RrYY RrYy RrYY RrYy

ry RrYy Rryy RrYy Rryy

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 10