geography - boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au › ... › pdf_doc › geography_03… · geography 161 2003...

General Instructions

• Reading time – 5 minutes

• Working time – 3 hours

• Write using black or blue pen

• Board-approved calculators maybe used

• A Stimulus Booklet is providedwith this paper

• Write your Centre Number andStudent Number at the top ofpages 9, 13, 15, 17 and 19

Total marks – 100

Pages 2–6

15 marks

• Attempt Questions 1–15

• Allow about 25 minutes for this section

Pages 9–19

25 marks


• Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Page 21

60 marks


• Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section

Section III

Section II

Section I

Geography

161

2003H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E

E X A M I N AT I O N

– 2 –

Section I

15 marksAttempt Questions 1–15Allow about 25 minutes for this sectionRefer to the Stimulus Booklet

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet.

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response ovalcompletely.

Sample: 2 + 4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in thenew answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, thenindicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.

correct

A B C D

Refer to Source A to answer Questions 1 and 2.

1 What was the value of Australian wool exported to China in 2000–2001?

(A) $A 750 million

(B) $A 870 million

(C) $A 1360 million

(D) $A 2250 million

2 To which countries did Australia export more wool by value in 2000–2001 than in1995–1996?

(A) Japan and China

(B) Italy and China

(C) Taiwan and Italy

(D) Italy and Republic of Korea

Refer to Source B to answer Questions 3 and 4.

3 Which concepts are illustrated by Photos 1 and 3 respectively?

(A) Culture of place and urban decay

(B) Culture of place and urban renewal

(C) Urban renewal and spatial exclusion

(D) Urban decay and spatial exclusion

4 Which photo has the smallest scale?

(A) Photo 1

(B) Photo 2

(C) Photo 3

(D) Photo 4

– 3 –

Refer to Sources B and C to answer Question 5.

5 In which Area Reference would Photo 2 most likely have been taken?

(A) AR 2944

(B) AR 2945

(C) AR 3041

(D) AR 3541

Refer to Source C to answer Questions 6–8.

6 What is the bearing of the caravan site GR 349419 from the Fish Pond GR 310442?

(A) 110°

(B) 120°

(C) 290°

(D) 300°

7 What is the ratio of the area of the Fish Pond centred on GR 310442 to the area ofEccup Reservoir centred on GR 300416?

(A) 1 : 2

(B) 1 : 7

(C) 1 : 12

(D) 1 : 17

8 How long would it take for a boat to travel along the River Wharfe from GR 280461 toGR 335465 at a speed of 14 km per hour?

(A) 30 minutes

(B) 60 minutes

(C) 90 minutes

(D) 120 minutes

– 4 –

Refer to Source D to answer Questions 9 and 10.

9 What is the percentage change in crime in Halton (M9) from 2000 to 2001?

(A) 33% decrease

(B) 16.5% decrease

(C) 16.5% increase

(D) 33% increase

10 Which statement is correct for both Richmond Hill (L 9) and Cookridge (I 6) from 2000to 2001?

(A) The actual percentage of crime increased.

(B) The public perception of crime remained the same.

(C) The public perception of crime did not match the actual percentage change in crime.

(D) The public perception of crime has increased but the actual percentage of crime hasnot increased.

Refer to Source E to answer Questions 11 and 12.

11 What was the absolute decrease in the number of vehicle crimes between 1998/1999 and2000/2001?

(A) 1000

(B) 2000

(C) 4000

(D) 7000

12 What is the percentage change in the number of robberies from 1998/1999 to 2000/2001?

(A) 0%

(B) 50%

(C) 75%

(D) 100%

– 5 –

13 Which statement best defines the resilience of an ecosystem?

(A) The ability of an ecosystem to meet the needs of future generations.

(B) An ecosystem in a state of equilibrium which can be easily disturbed.

(C) An ecosystem that has a variety of living organisms operating in equilibrium.

(D) The ability of an ecosystem to return to a state of equilibrium after a disturbance.

Refer to the Relief Map in Source F to answer Questions 14 and 15.

14 What is the direction of flow of the main river in AR 4566?

(A) South

(B) South-east

(C) South-west

(D) North-east

15 What is the average gradient from the Point Lookout trig station to GR 460660?

(A) 1 : 4

(B) 1 : 6

(C) 1 : 9

(D) 1 : 14

– 6 –

BLANK PAGE

– 7 –

BLANK PAGE

© Board of Studies NSW 2003

– 8 –

Section II

25 marksAttempt Questions 16–20Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Use the Stimulus Booklet and your knowledge of geography to answer Questions 16–20 in thespaces provided.

Question 16 (5 marks)

Please turn over

2003 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Geography

– 9 –162a

Centre Number

Student Number


Refer to Source C.

Question 16 continues on page 11

GR 298479 GR 348459

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

Elevation(metres)

40

30

20

10

SectionA

SectionB

Cross-section from GR 298479 to GR 348459

Transect from GR 298479 to GR 348459

Footpath

– 10 –

Question 16 (continued)

(a) Calculate the vertical exaggeration of the cross-section shown.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

(b) State the purpose of the vertical exaggeration of a cross-section.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

(c) Suggest ONE reason why there are no footpaths evident in Section A of thetransect.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

(d) On the transect, in each of Section A and Section B, mark in and label onetransport feature other than a footpath.

End of Question 16

2

1

1

1

– 11 –

Marks

BLANK PAGE


– 12 –

Section II (continued)

Question 17 (5 marks) Marks

(a) Identify and describe ONE external linkage of an economic enterprise that youhave studied operating at a local scale.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

(b) Study the ternary graph below.

Compare the workforce structures of Mauritius and Namibia in the primary andtertiary sectors.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

20 40 60 80 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

Secondary (Manufacturing) (%)

Structure of the workforce of selected countries (2002)

Terti

ary

(Ser

vice

s) (%

)Prim

ary (Agriculture) (%

)

E D

CA B

Key

A USAB UKC MauritiusD ChinaE Namibia

2

3


Geography

– 13 –162b

Centre Number

Student Number

BLANK PAGE


– 14 –


MarksQuestion 18 (8 marks)

Refer to Source F and Source G.

(a) State the relationship between relief and average annual temperature.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

(b) A ridge runs from GR 443660 to GR 446660. Identify a type of vegetationimmediately north and immediately south of this ridge.

North .....................................................................................................................

South .....................................................................................................................

(c) Suggest ONE reason for the difference in vegetation types on either side of theridge identified in part (b).

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

Refer to Sources F, G and H.

(d) Explain TWO geographic factors that contribute to the distribution of theAntarctic Beech ecosystem.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

4

1

2

1


Geography

– 15 –162c

Centre Number

Student Number

BLANK PAGE


– 16 –



Internet subscription (1970–2002)

(a) Identify the four-year period that experienced the greatest rate of change in CoreUSA Internet subscribers.

...............................................................................................................................

(b) Compare the trends shown in Core USA Internet subscribers andBitnet USA (Ltd) subscribers between 1982 and 2002.

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................

2

1

1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002

10

100

1000

10 000

100 000

1 000 000

10 000 000

KeyCore USA Internet subscribers

Bitnet USA (Ltd) subscribers

Year

Num

ber o

f sub

scrib

ers


Geography

– 17 –162d

Centre Number

Student Number

BLANK PAGE


– 18 –



Refer to Source C.

Choose ONE vocation, requiring geographical understanding, that is applicable to aworkplace likely to be found in the south-west quadrant of the map. Describe TWODIFFERENT methods that could be employed in the collection of primarygeographical data in such a workplace.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

Vocation: ..................................................................................................................

4


Geography

– 19 –162e

Centre Number

Student Number

BLANK PAGE


– 20 –

Section III

60 marksAttempt Questions 21–23Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section

Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In your answers you will be assessed on how well you:

■ present a sustained, logical and well-structured answer to the question

■ communicate geographical information, ideas and issues

■ refer to appropriate case studies, illustrative examples and the Stimulus Booklet whereappropriate


Justify the importance of ecosystem management and protection.


Describe the challenges of living in mega cities and evaluate the responses to these challenges.


Examine the nature, spatial patterns and future directions of ONE economic activity in a globalcontext.

End of paper


Geography

– 21 –163

BLANK PAGE


– 22 –

2 0 0 3 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N

GeographyStimulus Booklet

China

Taiwan

Japan

Germany

FranceItaly

Republicof Korea

$A500 million $A1000 million

1995–1996 2000–2001

KEY

Source A – The Value of Australia’s Wool Exports by Country of Destination

Source B – Images of Leeds and its Surroundings

1 2

3 4

48

47

46

45

44

43

42

41

40

Page 2

Source C – Topographic Map and Key

Dual carriagewayMain Road

Road generallyless than 4m wide

BridgeRoad generally more than 4m wide

ROADS AND PATHS

RAILWAYS

Track multiple or single

Tunnel

Station

Embankment

Cutting

1:50 000

BOUNDARIES

County, Unitary Authority, MetropolitanDistrict or London Borough

Administrative boundariesas at July 1997

HEIGHTS

50

144

Contours are at 10 metres vertical interval

Heights are to the nearest metre above mean sea level

A 855 B 885Narrow road with passing places

Main road underconstruction

PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY

OTHER PUBLIC ACCESS

ABBREVIATIONS

CH Clubhouse

MS Milestone

TH Town Hall

P Post Office

MP Milepost

PH Public house

Footpath

Bridleway

National Trail, Long Distance Route, selected Recreational Paths

LAND FEATURES

ruinBuildings

Public building (selected)

Quarry

Spoil heap, refusetip or dump

Mixed wood

Non-coniferous wood

Placeof

Worship

with towerwith spire, minaret or domewithout such additions

Park or ornamental ground

WATER FEATURES

Lake

TOURIST INFORMATION

Parking

Selected places of tourist interest

Telephone

Golf course

Caravan site

Selected cycle route/trail

Camp site

N

E

S

W

KEY for Source C

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Edinburgh

Leeds

Dover

Liverpool

Stratford-upon-Avon

PlymouthLondon

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office © Crown Copyright. 100042481

1998/1999 1999/2000 2000/2001

30 000

25 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

5 000

0

Viol

ent C

rime

Sexu

al O

ffenc

es

Robb

ery

Burg

lary

Dw

ellin

g

Burg

lary

Oth

er

Vehi

cle

Crim

e

Frau

d an

d Fo

rger

y

Crim

inal

Dam

age

Drug

s

Othe

rs

Othe

r The

ft an

dHa

ndlin

g

Num

ber o

f crim

es

Type of crime

KEY

Source E – Level of Crime in Leeds 1998–2001

University

Morley South

Morley North

Wortley

Garforth and Swillington

Halton

SeacroftPudsey North

Actual percentage increase in crime

Public perceptionof change in crime

IncreaseRemain the same

33

16.53.3

–3.3–16.5

–33

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S

1:210 000

N

E

S

W

KEY

Barwick and Kippax

Richmond Hill

MiddletonRothwell

Pudsey South

Bramley

WeetwoodHorsforth

Aireborough

Cookridge

Otley and Wharfedale

Wetherby

North

Roundhay

Source D – Percentage Change in Crime and Public Perception of Change in Crime in Suburbs of Leeds 2000–2001

http://www.leeds.gov.uk/downloads/2002912-61520022.pdf

474544 46

66

67

kilometres0 2 4

N

E

S

W

Location in NSW

New England National Park

New England National Park Border

66

67

66

67

Average AnnualTemperature (°C)

Source G – Vegetation Types

1 Plateau Dry Shrub2 Plateau Eucalypt Woodland3 Plateau Grassland 4 Cool Temperate Rainforest

8 Information unavailable

6 Dry Shrub Forest7 Sub-tropical Rainforest

5 Temperate Rainforest

Vegetation

6 Dry Shrub Forest 7 Sub-tropical Rainforest2 Plateau Eucalypt Woodlandeg Snow Gums

4 Cool Temperate Rainforest eg Antarctic Beech

Bellinger R

(1560 m)

(1520 m)

New England National Park is located between 30° 22' S and 30° 44' S and has unique biophysical features. Within its area it has the geographic boundaries of both tropical and cool temperate rainforest species. It also has one of the steepest gradients along the east coast of Australia. Cool Temperate Rainforest (4) occurs in sheltered valleys of the escarpment. Antarctic Beech is the dominant species in (4) and today it is more commonly found in Tasmania. It is very sensitive to bushfires. Thus contemporary management practices, such as fire hazard reduction, have resulted in it now invading the Eucalypt Woodland (2).

Relief map

Point Lookout

kilometres0 2 4

N

E

S

W

kilometres0 2 4

N

E

S

W

Less than 10

10 to 14

15 to 20

Greater than 20

Majors Point

(420 m)

(300 m)

(203 m)

Trig station

Spot height

Source H – Fact file

Source F – A New England National Park Geographic Information System (GIS)


Reproduced by permission of the Department of Conservation NSW and the University of New England.

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