Global History Review

REVOLUTION

Map of Political Revolutions

Russia

Germany

France

Spanish colonies

In America

Mexico

British colonies In America

Timeline for the Age of Reason

1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800

Science

Politics

Cop

erni

cus

Galileo DescartesIsaac

Newton

JohnLocke

Mon

tesq

uieu

Rou

ssea

u Voltaire

Political Revolutions

II. The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution: A change in the way people looked for answers to life’s questions

Age of Reason: A time of REASON, not faith

Scientific Method

Process of experimentation and observation

Geocentric Theory

Everything revolves around the EarthSupported by Catholic Church

Heliocentric Theory

All planets revolve around the sunProven with telescopeWent against Church

Great Scientists of the Scientific Revolution

Name What they did Effects on Society

Copernicus

Galileo

Newton

Descartes

Sun-centered universe

(heliocentric)

Could not prove his theory

Proved heliocentric theory

Proved Church was wrong

Theory of GravityIdea that “natural

laws” exist

Used reasoning instead of faith to

find answers

Scientific method & Age of Reason

III. The Enlightenment Name Ideas

John Locke

Montesquieu

Rousseau

Voltaire

All people have natural rightsGov’t should protect rights or else

ppl should overthrow it

3 branches of gov’t

Social contractMajority Rule

*Freedom of speech!

Enlightened Despots

Absolute monarchs who used their Power for the good of the people

IV. Impact of the Enlightenment

Common people became aware that they had RIGHTS!

Enlightenment inspired POLITICAL REFORM & REVOLUTIONS!

Political Revolutions

The 3 Political Revolutions we will study about:

AmericanFrenchLatin American

V. American Revolution

Cross it out!

VI. French Revolution

When: 1780s and 1790s

Where: France

Goal: New gov’t to protect the ppl

Causes of the French Revolution

Unfair social class system

1st EstateClergy

.5%

2nd EstateNobles

1.5%

3rd EstateMiddle Class (Bourgeoisie)

Common ppl, Peasants

98%

Enjoyed all the privileges

Paid allthe

TAXES

How would you feel is you were paying taxes so the queen could act like this…

Causes of the French Revolution

Economic problems (starvation of poor!)

Enlightenment ideas (ppl realize they have

rights!)

American Revolution (ppl see it is possible to

change their gov’t)

Important Concepts of the French RevBASTILLE

French prison stormed by peasantsStart of Revolution – Bastille Day! July

14th

Estates-General

Like Congress – makes laws

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Like the Declaration of Independence

Ended special privileges for 1st and 2nd estates

Radicals (Jacobins)

Want huge change immediately – use violence

Led by Robespierre

Reign of Terror

Began with beheading of Louis XVI

Tens of thousands killed without real trials

The Directory

Moderate gov’t after Reign of TerrorWeak and inefficient

Napoleon

(Russia)

Song?

VI. Revolutions in Latin America

When: Early 1800s

Where: Spanish colonies in America

Goal: Freedom from Spanish control

Causes of Revolutions in Latin America

Spanish controlAmerican and French revolutions showed

you could overthrow European rule

Simon Bolivar

Great revolutionary leader against the Spanish in Latin America

Used NATIONALISM (feeling pride as a group)

Results of Revolutions in Latin America

Spain gave up its colonies in Latin America

New nations were created

Essential Questions

1. How did the Scientific Revolution help prepare the way for the Enlightenment?Showed Church was wrong, established Age of Reason and natural laws

2. How did Europeans try to apply the ideas of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment to society?Natural laws mean natural rights exist

Essential Questions

3. Why was the American Revolution an important turning point in global history?First time ppl used Enlightenment ideas to overthrow monarchy – inspired others

4. What changes in political thinking were brought about by the French Revolution?Old monarchy – absolutism – divine rightNew ideas democracy – people’s rights

5. Compare and contrast the short term and long term results of these political revolutions:

Revolution

Short term Long term

American

French

Latin American

Broke from BritishGot independence

Overthrew king, got independence

Broke from SpainGot independence

SuccessfulStill around today

NOT successfulMonarchy returned

NOT successfulWealthy benefitedPoor still suffered