grs09/10 ron van lammeren
TRANSCRIPT
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How to present my geo data ?
Visualizationdefinitions
Map makingCartographic process / 12 steps Visual triggersTheory of Bertin
Mapsby functionby type
Geo-information process
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Visualization . . . a definitionDefinition:
. . . . visualization refers to the process. It’s a series of transformations that convert raw simulation data into displayable images to convert the information into a format understanding by the human perceptual system . . . . . . .
(Visvalingam, 1994)
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Types of Visualization
Computer modelDigital mapRadar
AnimationMovie / videoComputer perspective
Dynamic
DiagramsMapsSketches
PhotoPhoto manipulationPerspective drawing
Static
Conceptual(abstract)
Perceptual(realistic)
Characteristics of landscape visualization; Zube 1987
Focus on Map Making - Cartography
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Visualize for thinking and communication
exploring
confronting
synthesizing
presenting
Individual use General public
Visual thinking Visual communication
From: DiBiase, 1998
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Generalization
the process of selecting and representinginformation of a map in a way that adapts to the scale of the display medium of the map
is meant to be context-specific
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Digital World Model (DWM)
Content of DWM and DVM
/rgb2cmyk{3{1 exch sub 3 1 roll}repeat 3 copy @MN @MN 3{dup 5 -1 roll sub negexch}repeat}bd/rgb2g{2 index .299 mul 2 index .587 mul add 1 index .114 mul add4 1 roll pop pop pop}bd/WaldoColor_5 where{pop}{/SetRgb/setrgbcolor ld/GetRgb/currentrgbcolor ld/SetGry/setgray ld/GetGry/currentgray ld/SetRgb2 systemdict/setrgbcolor get def/GetRgb2 systemdict/currentrgbcolor get def/SetHsbsystemdict/sethsbcolor get def/GetHsb systemdict/currenthsbcolor get def/rgb2hsb{SetRgb2 GetHsb}bd/hsb2rgb{3 -1 roll dup floor sub 3 1 roll SetHsbGetRgb2}bd/setcmykcolor where{pop/SetCmyk_5/setcmykcolor ld}{/SetCmyk_5{
Digital Visualization Model (DVM) eg EPS, JPG, PNG
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Map making: cartographic process / 12 steps 1. Objective|Context 2. Stakeholder 3. Title 4. Legend components 5. Hierarchy 6. Measurement scale 7. Number of classes 8. Graphic symbols 9. Graphic attributes 10. North arrow 11. Map scale 12. Data source
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main roads
Roads
> 10
6 - 10
< 5
Number of water samples taken
bad
normal
good
Water quality
LEGEND:
Map making: legend (steps 4 – 7)
• Components = Variables
• Hierarchy
• Measurement scale
• Classes
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Measurement scale
Table: Provinces of the Netherlands
•2 attributes
•Province_ name
•Area (km2)
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Measurement scale
difference order unit fixed zero Qualitative data
Nominal
Ordinal
Quantitative data Interval
Ratio
characteristics
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Measurement scale: Exercise
Number of WU students
Water quality (bad/average/good)
Main landuse
Average income(high, medium, low)
Average income (Euro)
Average temp ( C)
Area (ha)
Name province
Attributes table ‘Provinces’
Measurement scale ??
Number of WU students
Water quality (bad/average/good)
Main landuse
Average income(high, medium, low)
Average income (Euro)
Average temp ( C)
Area (ha)
Name province
Attributes table ‘Provinces’
ratio
ordinal
nominal
ordinal
ratio
interval
ratio
nominal
Measurement scale
Number of WU students
Water quality (bad/average/good)
Main landuse
Average income(high, medium, low)
Average income (Euro)
Average temp ( C)
Area (ha)
Name province
Attributes table ‘Provinces’
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Map making: graphic symbols & attributes (steps 7 – 8)• size
• grey scale (color value)saturation (color chroma)
• grain / texture
• color (color hue)
• direction
• shape
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Who’s afraid of…..
http://www.artcrimes.net/who%2526%2523039%3Bs-afraid-red,-yellow-and-blue-iv,-1969-70
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Maximum differences per graphic attribute
---shape
-24direction
877colour hue
542grain/texture
543colour
544size
polygonlinepointgraphicattribute
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Reinforcement of graphic variables
Netherlands v Austria 2008: Analysis of Klaas Jan Huntelaar
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Rule of thumb
Qualitative data: use HUE
Quantitative data: use CHROMA / VALUE
http://www.worqx.com/color/itten.htm
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Bertin’s theory: ExerciseGraphic attribute
ratio
ordinal
nominal
ordinal
ratio
interval
ratio
nominal
Measurement scale
Number of WU students
Water quality (bad/average/good)
Main land use
Average income(high, medium, low)
Average income (Euro)
Average temp ( C)
Area (ha)
Name province
Attributes table ‘Provinces’
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Maps by function: general reference
WAGENINGEN
EDEVEENENDAAL
RHENEN
KESTEREN
ZETTENTopographic map1: 50.000
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Map types 2
Choropleth
• derived quantitative data
• on determined administrative units
• by color value (graduated color scheme)
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Map types 3
Dot
• quantitative data
• by uniform point symbols
• mostly one to many
Location of pigs in the Netherlands
= 10.000 pigs
Scale: 1 : 300.000Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1996.
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Map types 4
Histogram
• quantitative data
• by uniform bar symbols
• mostly one to many
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1996.
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Map types 5
Figurative map
• representing of qualitative (and quantitative) data
• by symbols
http://www.efteling.nl/static/flash/loadMap_winter_en.html
Escape route or running track ?
Long distance path
or steep mountain track ?
Short walk ways with direction?
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Cartogram
http://www.livius.org/pen-pg/peutinger/map.html
http://places.designobserver.com/entry.html?entry=11287
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Geo-Visualisation Time linetraditional mapping and mapmaking, 3rd century
GIS based, 1974
animation – time series, 1990data exploration – different views, 1994
hypermedia, 1994 realistic representations, 1996
demand driven, 2000wearable computing, 2002
3D CAD based, 1980
Google Earth, SketchUp, 2005WEB 2.0, 2001-2004
SecondLife, 2003-2006
scientific visualization, 1987
Layar, 2009
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Geo Visualization
Geovisualization can be described as a loosely bounded domain that addresses the visual exploration, analysis, synthesis and presentation of geospatial data by integratingapproaches from cartography with those from other information representation and analysis disciplines, including scientific visualization, image analysis, information visualization, exploratory data analysis and GI Science“
Kraak 2005 after Dykes, et al., 2005
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Summary
12 steps to create a map
Map types• general reference, thematic
• choropleth, chorochromatic, dot, cartogram
Theory of Bertin
Graphic symbols
Graphic variables
Use of Colour
Map design : visual triggers
Study materials:
© Wageningen UR
Theory Chang, 2006/2008/2010
Chapter 10: ‘Data display and cartography’ (not 10.1.2 / 10.5)
Chapter 9: (not 9.1.2/9.5)
Chapter 11: ‘Data exploration (11.5)
Chapter 10: (10.2)
Practical: GRS-10306 practical manual, 2006Module 4: ‘Map presentation’
Have a look at: http://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Geo-visualisatie