high-energy lithium batteries for next-gen evs€¦ · honeycomb battery co. (hbc): a subsidiary of...

1 Global Graphene Group-Confidential

1

Bor Z Jang, Co-founder & Chief Scientist

Honeycomb Battery Co. (HBC):

A Subsidiary of Global Graphene Group, Inc. (G3)

“HBC’s Mission is to Create Essential Battery

Technologies for a Sustainable World.”

High-Energy Lithium Batteries for Next-Gen EVs


2

Dr. Bor Z. Jang, PhD HBC Co-Founder & Chief Scientist

• Pioneer in graphene technology; first to discover graphene in 2002

• Recognized as the world’s No. 1 graphene inventor, a pioneer in

graphene-enabled batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells

• A total of 580+ US patents & pending applications and 190+

foreign patents

Dr. Aruna Zhamu, PhD – HBC President and Co-Founder

• Recognized as the world’s No. 2 graphene inventor (>350 patents in

batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells)

• 480 US patents and patent applications and 190+ foreign

patents – one of only a handful of female scientists to hold over 150

US patents

John Davis Business Consultant

30+ Years of Experience

Stuart Blair VP of Finance

30+ Years of Experience

Adam Quirk VP Business

Development 30+ Years of Experience

Robert Crouch VP of Legal Affairs & IP

Management 30+ Years of Experience

KEY LEADERSHIP

Our IP Noted as One of

“15 Patents that Changed the World”

https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/design/g20051677/patents-changed-the-world/

iPhone, GPS, magnetic levitation, motorized

exoskeleton, quadcopter drone, 3D printer, bionic

eyes, CRISPR gene editing, brain implant,

graphene, bluetooth, self-driving car, solar panel,

3G wireless mobile communication, virtual reality

3 TGC/Global Graphene Group - Confidential

World’s first patent on graphene, 10/2002


4

Honeycomb Battery Co. (HBC)

• HBC, a subsidiary of G3, designs and manufactures next-generation EV battery

products

• HBC has 300+ US patents and 100+ foreign patents on next-gen batteries

• 40+ employees in battery business (G3 currently has 90+ employees)

• Ready to commercialize high-capacity Si anode materials and flame-resistant high-

energy lithium batteries for electrified ground, sea, and air transportation

HBC

https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://news.mit.edu/sites/mit.edu.newsoffice/files/styles/news_article_image_top_slideshow/public/images/2016/MIT-PPA-1_0.jpg?itok%3DtIJwQDmn&imgrefurl=http://news.mit.edu/2016/mit-neutralize-17-percent-carbon-emissions-through-purchase-solar-energy-1019&docid=nUwRRmoXqMdP2M&tbnid=R8Roq2cXOEBxOM:&vet=10ahUKEwiRu9Xq0fHlAhVHEawKHV1aDYgQMwhsKAMwAw..i&w=639&h=426&bih=723&biw=1334&q=images of solar panel farms&ved=0ahUKEwiRu9Xq0fHlAhVHEawKHV1aDYgQMwhsKAMwAw&iact=mrc&uact=8


5

HBC’s IP Portfolio on Battery Technologies

HBC’s critical battery technologies for next-gen EVs are protected by 300+ high-value US patents and 100+ foreign patents

Anode & cathode

Flame/fire-resistant electrolytes

Advanced current collectors

Lithium metal anode protection & Li-S cells

Beyond lithium

Fast charging

Others (new battery form factors, new manufacturing processes, etc.)

Can significantly increase energy density of Li-ion cells from < 250 Wh/kg to 350-400 Wh/kg; including graphene-encapsulated particles, elastomer-coated particles, pre-lithiation and pre-lithiated Si, production of Si nano-wires, etc.

Enabling technologies for next-gen all-solid state or lithium metal batteries, including anode-less lithium cells and Li-S cells, etc. (400-500 Wh/kg)

Making current & next-gen lithium batteries safer Extending cycle life, operating

temperatures & voltages

227 244 241

231 209

129

255

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Nissan Leafe+

Renault ZOEGen 2

GM Bolt I.D Neo BMW i3 VW E-Golf Tesla Model3

Bat

tery

Ce

ll En

ergy

Den

sity

(W

h/k

g)

Source: Market & Technology Trends of Battery Systems, Mark Lu, LBIS 2019

Global Graphene Group Confidential Information 6

Next-gen EV requires an energy

density of 350-500 Wh/kg

Next gen. EV

Today’s EV batteries have hit a ceiling in energy density (< 300 Wh/kg), limiting the driving range

• The desired 350-500 Wh/kg can extend your EV range from 300 miles to 420-600 miles on one battery charge • Together with a recharge time < 15 minutes, the range anxiety issue can be eliminated • A battery energy density > 400 Wh/kg will enable e-aircraft industry to take off.

Conventional Lithium-ion Cells Have Reached Their Performance Limits

The industry needs a revolutionary design for next-gen EV battery

400 Wh/kg for e-aircraft


7

350-400 Wh/kg Batteries Have Been Developed by HBC/G3

Global Graphene Group Confidential

• Lithium metal battery can deliver the desired energy density for EVs. However, the all solid-state lithium metal battery is commonly believed to be 7 – 10 years away

• G3 provides the battery technology that can unlock the massive EV market opportunity now • G3’s lithium battery can be manufactured using current production equipment and without having to build a new

supply chain

Production equipment of solid-state lithium metal battery is likely distinct from & incompatible with current Li-ion cell equipment – a major barrier to widespread adoption

Hundreds of billions US$ worldwide have been invested in production equipment & facilities for Li-ion cells; significantly more similar facilities are being built and even more are on the drawing boards.


8

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1980s 1990-Today 2021 2023 2027

Ce

ll G

ravi

met

ric

Ene

rgy

De

nsi

ty (

Wh

/kg)

Tomorrow's Safe High-Energy Battery, Today

Conventional Lithium-ion cells

HBC’s Quasi-Solid Lithium Metal Battery

HBC’s High-Si Content Anode Materials for Lithium-ion Battery

Cell testing completed in 2020; Cell production (1 GWh) begins in 2023

Production capacity expansion of high-capacity Si anode materials begins in 2021

Instead of letting existing lithium-ion facilities go obsolete, current cell makers can incorporate HBC’s highest-capacity Si to replace incumbent graphite for elevating their cell energy density from < 250 Wh/kg to 350-400 Wh/kg.

HBC/G3’s Solutions Enable Fast, Risk-free Transition to High Energy Batteries

• HBC makes use of the same production equipment that has been tested and proven for 30 years; making the transition essentially risk-free

Two parallel pathways for making the transition

Global Graphene Group Confidential Information

1

2


9

Business Model Summary

• Core Business 1: Manufacturing highest-performing battery materials o Lithium-ion battery materials & components (anode, cathode, fire-resistant electrolytes, advanced

current collectors, etc.) o Production of high-capacity Si anode materials is in the capacity-expanding stage o Commercialization of other materials/components (cathode, electrolyte, and current collector)

will be through joint ventures (JV) and/or technology licensing

• Core Business 2: Production of graphene-protected lithium metal batteries o Safe (fire-resistant) and high energy-density battery cells for extended EV driving ranges on one

battery charge to remove range anxiety from EV customers o Building cell production facilities during Years 1 and 2 and beginning to make cells in Year 3

1

2


10 Global Graphene Group - Confidential

Gn/Si & Elastomer/Si Anode Materials: • High first-cycle efficiency (> 89%) • High specific capacity (> 2000mAh/g) • Drop-in solution • Low cost

FireShieldTM: • Flame/fire-resistant electrolytes (Safe & great rate performance)

Gn/Al Current Collectors: • Long cycle life at high Temp. • Stable performance at high V (> 4.5V) • Boosting capacity at all C-rates

High Ni Cathode: • High specific capacity (> 205

mAh/g) • Long cycle life

Drop-In Solutions for Current and Future Lithium-ion Battery Industry

10

JV/Licensing

JV/Licensing

JV/Licensing

In-house manufacturing

• HBC/G3 will supply high-capacity Si anode materials to battery cell makers (in-house manufacturing ); • Other components/materials (cathode, current collector, and electrolyte) will be available to lithium-ion

industry via joint venture (JV) or technology licensing routes.

1


11

• Hundreds of billions of dollars have been invested in the production facilities and equipment for lithium-ion cells; some battery producers will opt to continue production of lithium ion batteries, but with improved properties;

• A high Si content anode can impart high energy (>350 Wh/kg; up to 500 Wh/kg with prelithiation) to a battery cell for a significantly extended driving range;

• G3 has an award-winning high-capacity Si anode material and is ready to expand production capacity.

• Anode material manufacturing facility (25 tons/year capacity) already operational in Dayton, Ohio • Ready to scale up to a total of 500-1,000 tons/year (Year 1) and up to a total of 7,000 tons/year (Year 4)

Why High-Capacity Silicon (Si) Anode? 1

For Those EV Battery Producers Who Choose to Continue Production of Lithium-ion Batteries, HBC/G3 Offers

an Alternative High Energy Density Solution to Lithium Metal Batteries

HBC

12 Global Graphene Group 12

10/8/2020 Global Graphene Group - Confidential 12

Si: Highest-capacity anode active material

• Specific capacity of Si = 3,560-

4,200 mAh/g; but,

• Lithiation/delithiation →

pulverization of Si particles;

• Delamination and disintegration of

the electrode structure;

• Repeated formation and destruction

of solid-electrolyte interface (SEI),

continuing to consume electrolyte

and lithium ions, and

→ Rapid capacity decay and short

cycle life.

(Image Source: Jang Wook Choi and Doron Aurbach, “Promise and reality of post-lithium-ion

batteries with high energy densities,” Nature Review, Materials, Vol. 1, April 2016, 1-16.)

HBC Confidential – Restricted Distribution

Thick SEI broken again Charging

battery

Si Particles CB Particles Binder Current collector

Charge/Discharge

As-prepared Si Pulverized Si

Without a good binder,

anode gets disintegrated

Si particle expansion → Increase in electrode thickness

13

Electrode thickness increased

Repeated Destruction & Re-Formation of SEI

Interruption of 3D

network of

conducting

pathways


How to mitigate (minimize) the issues of electrode expansion and repeated formation/destruction of SEI on Si surfaces?

2. (a) Elastic, ion-conducting polymer-encapsulated Si particles and (b) highly elastic binder and systems engineering design of the electrode

Pores in primary particles

Pores in secondary particles

Elastic, ion-conducting polymer-coated Si


1. Built-in pores to accommodate volume expansion of particles to avoid stretching the encapsulating shell

15 Global Graphene Group 15

HBC’s Graphene-Silicon Anode Material Design:


• Nano-silicon/graphene core-shell structure: • Graphene shell regulates silicon expansion due to its mechanical strength and extensibility, and prevents

entry of organic solvent for repeated formation of solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) • Built-in pores in the primary and/or secondary particles to reduce/eliminate secondary particle expansion • External and internal graphene sheets constitute a 3D network of electron-conducting pathways.

• Graphene’s high electrical conductivity improves silicon utilization • Use of nano silicon particles ensures high capacity and avoids pulverization • Low-cost nano-silicon production using patented technologies • Self-sustaining graphene supply – from Taiwan Graphene Co. (a fully own subsidiary of G3)

Si

Pores

3D network of electron- & Li ion-conducting paths

Encapsulating shell

1st way to mitigate (minimize) electrode expansion and repeated formation/destruction of SEI on Si surfaces


16

Graphite GCA™ Si Benefit

Particle Size (D50, µm)

15-20 3-12 Compatibility

Reversible Capacity (mAh/g)

340-360 Up to 2,800 High Capacity /

Weight Reduction

First Cycle Efficiency (%)

90-94 > 89 (up to 92%), best

among Si products Increased Battery

Energy Density

Graphene Composite Anode - GCA™

Si

HBC’s GCA™-Si High Capacity Anode Materials

Nano Si? – G3’s own patented technology enables low-cost

production of nano-silicon.

High Performance – Enabled by G3’s graphene sheets that

encapsulate and protects Si nano-structure, overcoming Si

volume expansion-induced capacity decay issue.

Supporting EV industry – Si-based high energy batteries

are commonly regarded as a viable alternative solution to

high energy lithium metal batteries and many EV OEMs have

an immediate plan to implement Si-based technologies.

In-house production of single layer graphene sheets (G3

is world’s first and largest single-layer graphene producer)

Significant increased energy density at a reduction in cost

($/kWh)

Over 85 US patents and numerous international patents

on anode materials

Won R&D 100 awards in 2018 and was recognized as a

game-changing technology.

Performance is second to none compared to competitors’ Si products

170-205-195

0-103-74

43-129-105

149-152-157

70-130-180

131-173-207

G3’s Graphene-Enhanced Si Anode Material: Low Cost, High Performances

Graphene

Low-cost

high-volume

production

equipment

Graphene

Silicon

Other

condiments

CVD Silicon source (gaseous, expensive, toxic)

Si nano wire (Slow Growth)

Or

Nano Si particles in porous carbon

(Slow diffusion and crystal growth)

Other Types of Si Anode Materials

Require expensive CVD process that uses

hazardous precursor

G3’s Graphene-Enhanced Si Anode Material

Use mature high-volume production equipment

Invented pre-lithiated Si and has earliest and most significant

patents on pre-lithiation of anode materials

Self-produced nano Si particles from low-cost micron-sized Si


Already in production capacity expanding stage

Strongest IPs in high-capacity anode (85 US patents on

anode alone), providing most effective approaches to

solving volume expansion issues

Highest specific capacity and first-cycle efficiency

Producing low Si content materials or remain in

a lab- or pilot scale for high Si content materials

Uncertain long-term product competitiveness

due to the concern of mass-production of Si

using CVD process

Global Graphene Group - Confidential 18

Cost-effective process to grow Si nano-wires (physical, non-CVD method)


19

• “Nano graphene platelet-based composite anode compositions for lithium ion batteries,” U.S. Patent App. No.

11/982,672 (11/05/2007), now US Patent No. 7,745,047 (06/29/2010); US Patent No. 8,119,288 (02/21/2012);

US Patent Application No. 12/807,635 (09/10/2010); now US Patent No. 9,558,860 (01/31/2017).

• International Patent Application: PCT/US2008/082183.

• Korean patent No. 10-1266022

• Chinese patent ZL200880114712.9 (July 24, 2013).

• Japanese patent No. 2011503804

(Graphene/Si compositions and processes

protected by US and international patents)

19

HBC/G3 has the earliest and most fundamentally

significant IPs on graphene-enhanced and

graphene-wrapped Si and other particles.

Global Graphene Group Confidential and Business

Sensitive 20

Elastic, Ion-conducting Polymer-Coated Si Particles, Highly Elastic Binder, and Electrode Design: Key to Low-cost High-capacity Lithium-ion Battery

A Response to Tesla’s Battery Day (09/22/2020)

2nd way to mitigate (minimize) electrode expansion and repeated formation/destruction of SEI on Si surfaces


Sensitive 21

A Tesla Battery Day Story: Tesla appears to suggest that the best Si anode should have the following features: • Low-cost Si particles (simple design, instead of highly engineered structures such as CVD Si; hence, low cost); • Elastic, ion-conducting polymer coating that protects these Si particles; and • Highly elastic binder & some electrode design used in the anode to maintain electrode structural integrity.


Sensitive 22

Stabilize Si surface through elastic, ion-conducting polymer coating

Highly elastic binder

This battery technology will lead to a higher-energy EV battery (significantly extended driving range) at a lower cost ($/kWh)!


Sensitive 23

HBC/G3’s IPs on Elastic Ion-Conducting Polymer Coatings and Highly Elastic Binder:

• G3 has 35 US patents (issued or pending) on this specific subject area; quite likely this patent portfolio is second to none in the world.

• Examples of fundamentally significant patents on elastic, conducting polymer coating and highly elastic binder technologies; e.g. US Patent No. 10,734,642 (08/04/2020); No. 10,211,455 (02/19/2019); No. 10,256,459 (04/09/2019); No. 10,424,810 (09/24/2019); No. 10,573,894 (02/25/2020); No. 10,601,034 (03/24/2020); and Application No. 15/442,278 (02/24/2017).

• These patents cover a wide range of high-elasticity and ion-conducting polymers. • These include composition patents, process/method patents, and application patents. • Two examples are illustrated on next two slides.

Extending Your EV Driving Range at a Lower Cost? These and other HBC/G3’s patents and know-how will enable you to

get there faster.


Sensitive 24

This patent covers any high-elasticity and ion-conducting polymer that: • has a fully recoverable elastic deformation from 2% to

1,000%; • has a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10-7 S/cm;

and • coating thickness from 1 nm to 10 µm. The particles may be pre-coated with a carbon or graphene material, pre-lithiated or non-prelithiated, etc.

World’s first patent on elastic and ion-conducting polymer coating


Sensitive 25

US Patent Application No. 15/442,278 (02/24/2017); allowed and issue fee paid; several related applications filed.

World’s First Patent on Highly Elastic Binder

Surface-stabilized Si

Highly elastic binder

Conductive additive

The binder, capable of reversibly stretching to a large extent when the battery is charged, helps to maintain structural integrity of the electrode

One representative claim in this series of patent applications: An anode active material layer for a lithium battery, said anode active material layer comprising multiple anode active material particles and an optional conductive additive that are bonded together by a binder comprising a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain from 5% to 700% when measured without an additive or reinforcement in said polymer and said high-elasticity polymer contains a cross-linked network of polymer chains .


Sensitive 26

• Current Dayton facilities are capable of producing 25 tons/year of high Si content anode materials

• Expanded to 500-1000 tons/year in 2021

Current Plan for Anode Materials Production

Large-scale production begins 2022

Expanded to 500-1,000 tons/year in 2021

Summary – Anode Materials Production

Elastic ion-conducting polymer-coated Si

Elastic binder compositions

Major Types of Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries

Type Anode current

collector

Anode active

material

Electrolyte Cathode active

material

Cathode current

collector

Conventional Li

metal cell

Cu foil Li metal foil or

powder

Liquid or polymer

gel

Non-lithiated metal

oxides (V2O5), sulfides

(MoS2, TiSe2), etc.

Al foil

Solid-state Li

metal cell


powder

Solid-state

electrolyte

NCA, NCM, etc. Al foil

Lithium-sulfur cells

(Li-S)


powder

Liquid (solid

possible)

S or Li polysulfides +

carbon (high %)

Al foil

HBC’s Li-S cells Graphene-

protected Cu foil

Li metal or pre-

lithiated Si

Quasi-solid or

liquid

Graphene-protected S

(as a product of HBC)

Graphene-coated

Al foil

Anode-less Li

metal cells

Cu foil Initially Li metal-

free

Solid-state

electrolyte

NCA, NCM, etc. Al foil

HBC’s anode-less

Li metal cells

Protected Cu foil Initially metal-

free

Quasi-solid

electrolyte

NCA, NCM, etc. Graphene-coated

Al foil

(Other types, such as Li-air and Li-Se, not discussed here)

27



FireShieldTM: • For Li metal cells • Flame/fire-resistant

electrolytes (Safe & great rate performance)

Cathode Materials: • For Li metal (e.g. Li-S batteries) • High areal capacity (e.gg. > 6 mAh/cm2 for Gn/S) • Long cycle life; Low cost • Enabling high energy density (400-500 Wh/kg) • Other high-capacity cathodes (e.g. NCM811,

NCM9xx), coupled with initially lithium-free anode to produce “anode-less” lithium battery

Graphene-protected Li Metal Anode: • For Li Metal or All Solid-

State Cells • Ultralow N/P ratio (<

0.05) or anode-less • Long cycle life • Boosting energy density

Safe Anode-less or Anode-free High-Energy Lithium Batteries

28

• HBC/G3 has developed several critical materials/components for next-gen lithium metal or all solid-state batteries; • Plans to manufacture flame-resistant lithium metal batteries by integrating these superior technologies together; • May consider in-house manufacturing of graphene-protected sulfur, an essential component for a lithium-sulfur

battery, enabling a 500 Wh/kg Li-S cell.

2


29

HBC Offers Advanced Graphene-Enabled Battery Technologies for EV Applications

800-1,000 Wh/L Batteries

for Passenger EVs

350-500 Wh/kg Batteries

for E-Trucks

Passenger EV Cell E-Truck Cell

Battery Chemistry

Graphene/Si

High Ni (NMC9xx)

Graphene-protected Cu foil (initially Li-free)

Battery Safety FireShieldTM electrolyte

Cost Reduction <$100/kWh

Energy Boost +40%

Battery Chemistry Graphene /Li-metal

Graphene/ Sulfur

Battery Safety FireShieldTM electrolyte

Cost Reduction < $80/kWh

Energy Boost +60% - 100%

Electric Vehicles Lasting Longer

Recharge Faster

Lower Cost

More Energy


30

800-1,000 Wh/L Graphene-Enabled Li Metal or High-capacity Si Anode-based Batteries for

Passenger EVs

Terminal

Case

FireShieldTM Electrolyte: • Flame/fire-resistant electrolytes (Safe & great rate performance)

Graphene/Al Current Collectors: • Long cycle life at high Temp. • Stable performance at high V (> 4.5V) • Boosting capacity at all C-rates

Graphene-protected Li Metal Anode: • Ultralow N/P ratio (< 0.05); or initially Li-free at the

anode (anode-less) • Boosting energy density • Alternatively, high-Si content anode cells

High Ni Cathode: • High specific capacity (> 205 mAh/g) • Long cycle life • Good high rate (>>1C) cycling performance

Image source: Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2015, 59, (1), 4.

Pushing the limit of Initial N/P ratio: Less is better

31 Global Graphene Group Confidential Information

Gen 1 Gen 2

Graphene-Enabled Protective Layer

Thicker Li-Metal, N/P > 0.5 : 1

Graphene-M Layer

Thinner, allow N/P < 0.15 : 1

Reducing N/P ratio means less Li-Metal,

o Higher energy density due to less inactive parts

o Less chance of thermal runaway

o Lower cost

Graphene-Enabled Protective Layer

Gen 3

• Initially “Li-Free”, safer and

low production cost

• Prototype in progress

• N: Initial capacity of Negative Electrode

• P: Capacity of Positive Electrode

Anode with

protective

layer

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Cycle

Sp

ecif

ic c

ap

acit

y(m

Ah

/g)

0.2C

0

20

40

60

80

100

Effic

ien

cy(%

)

Gen 2: Cycle Life Can Be Greatly Improved

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 1000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Sp

ecif

ic c

ap

acit

y(m

Ah

/g)

CycleE

fficie

ncy(%

)

0.5C

Configuration

of Tested Cells

Graphene/Li

Cell Control

Cathode

Material

NMC 622

(1.5mAh/cm2)

NMC 622

(1.5mAh/cm2)

Anode Material

Graphene-

Protected Li-

Metal Lithium Metal

N/P Ratio 0.15 : 1 0.15 : 1

Cell Type Coin Cell Coin Cell


NMC622/Graphene-Protected Li

Control: NMC622/Li

NMC622/Graphene-Protected Li


33

Discharged

state (or as

manufactured)

Charged

state

Graphene-protected

Al foil for extended

voltage and

temperature windows

Cathode layer

with quasi-solid

electrolyte

Graphene-modified

Cu foil prevents Li

dendrite formation

Anode-less lithium metal battery

• Patent-protected anode-less cell avoids the use of

air-unstable lithium metal during cell manufacturing;

• Essentially no anode production is required; hence,

significantly reduced battery cell cost;

• No anode implies reduced cell weight and volume

and thus higher energy densities (> 400 Wh/kg);

• No lithium ion diffusion into anode materials (a

bottleneck process); charge in < 15 minutes;

• Flame/fire-resistant quasi-solid electrolytes;

• 2019 RD 100 award finalist

Graphene-protected

Lithium metal

2

Graphene-modified

Cu foil

A high-energy Li-metal battery technology TODAY

34

Prospective All Solid-State Li-Metal Battery

Cu Current Collector

Ceramic Separator

Cathode Material

Solid-State Electrolyte

Al Current Collector

Specific Energy > 400Wh/kg

Safe

Highly Challenging Assembly Process

(However, sulfur-based solid-state electrolyte will react with water and forms toxic gas)

High Equipment Costs due to New Design

Global Graphene Group Confidential Information

2023

Key Differences

2027-30

Graphene-Protected Li-Metal Battery

Use Mature High-Throughput Production Lines

Specific Energy > 400Wh/kg

Safe (with G3’s FireShieldTM Electrolyte)

Proprietary Anode-less Electrode with Improved Cycle Life & reduced charge time(< 15 minutes)

G3’s Surface-Modified Cu Current Collector

Today’s Porous Separator

Cathode Material

G3’s FireShieldTM Electrolyte

G3’s Graphene-Coated Al Current Collector (extended operating voltage, temperature, and cycle life)

Poor contact between Cu (or Li) and solid separator (or electrolyte) results in high interfacial impedance or power loss


35

Best Technology Available TODAY and at a Lower Cost

Future Solid-State Battery

(Anode-less Lithium metal)

Today’s Lithium-Ion Battery

-15% • Battery produced using existing high-volume

manufacturing equipment that has been tested and proven for 30 years

• No anode active material (e.g. graphite particles); no anode manufacturing

• Formation/aging significantly reduced • Additional system-level benefits due to reduced

weight and volume • No expensive & difficult-to-produce ceramic

separator or solid electrolyte • Can benefit further from industry-wide cost

declines on standard components (e.g. separator, cathode, Cu foil, Al foil, etc.)

-15%

Graphene-Protected Lithium Metal Battery

Graphene-Protected Lithium Metal Battery


Lithium Metal Anodes IP Portfolio

Graphene

Shell Metal

Seeds

36 US patents on lithium metal anode protection strategies


37

Summary

• HBC/G3’s core business is the development and commercialization of climate-

focused battery technologies for sustainability and CO2 reduction.

• HBC/G3 provides key breakthrough technologies that enable long-lasting high-energy batteries to achieve the goal of sustainability.

• HBC/G3 battery technologies enable current lithium-ion cell producers to manufacture safer, higher energy, and lower cost batteries using existing production facilities (drop-in solutions).

• These battery technologies are protected by 300+ US patents and numerous international patents.

• HBC/G3 is in the process of expanding the production capacity of high-Si

content anode materials for current and future lithium-ion batteries

• HBC/G3 plans to begin production of safe, quasi-solid high-energy lithium

metal batteries in 2023.

• HBC/G3’s advanced battery technology will help unlock the massive EV

battery market opportunity (> US$300 billion).


38

Thank you!

Honeycomb Battery Company (HBC) Global Graphene Group

1240 McCook Ave

Dayton, Ohio 45404 USA

937.331.9884 extension 21 [email protected] [email protected]

www.theglobalgraphenegroup.com

mailto:[email protected]



high-energy lithium batteries for next-gen evs€¦ · honeycomb battery co. (hbc): a subsidiary of...

Documents