highly successful erd pilot evaluation utilizing a simple additive delivery approach kent c....
TRANSCRIPT
Highly Successful ERD Pilot Evaluation
Utilizing a Simple Additive Delivery Approach
Kent C. Armstrong – BioStryke® Remediation Products, LLCP.O. Box 254, Andover, NH USA; Brampton, Ontario CDN
James Romeo PG – Partner Engineering & Science, Inc.Altamonte Springs, FloridaInternational Petroleum Environmental ConferenceDenver, Colorado November 2015
Stennis Space Center (SSC), Hancock County, Mississippi
Southern Edge of the Gulf Coastal Plain Approximately 55 miles NE of New Orleans, Louisiana Approximately 36 miles West of Biloxi, Mississippi
Historical equipment cleaning and disposal practices contributed to groundwater contamination at SSC
10 Contaminant-of-Concern (COC) Trichloroethylene (TCE)
Concentrations of [TCE] exceeding compliance standards detected at 5-separate locations
Performed on-site PRS Based and microcosm evaluations
Project Background
Evaluations to determine efficacy and feasibility of biostimulation as a residual source mass site strategy [TCE] at depths ranging from 7 to over 90-ft bgs Four Pump-and-Treat (P&T) systems currently operating NASA estimates cleanup timelines to exceed 20-years
P&T systems currently reaching asymptotic conditions Unable to remove remaining residual contaminant mass effectively Recent independent evaluations determined little to no-effect over
last 5-years of operations NASA and independent consultant believe both cleanup duration
and costs of current P&T grossly underestimated
Project Background
Pro’s & Con’s of Bioremediation
Ideal Situation Accessible impact zone Time constraints minimal Homogeneous stratigraphic conditions
Appropriate with Remedial Design Considerations Heterogeneous matrix, silty/clay soil, fractured bedrock Residual DNAPL, cVOC and non-cVOC mixture Highly aerobic overburden
Inappropriate without Physical Removal Pooled DNAPL Source Zone Time is of the essence
Nourishes, stimulates native microbial populations
Eliminates above ground support equipment
Minimizes off-site removal, fuel and energy costs
Eliminates nuisance noise, emissions and vapors
Expedites residual source mass solubilization
Increases contaminant bioavailability
Facilitates cost-effective Long-Term Compliance
Benefits to Biostimulation
minimize the impact of remediation
cVOC Biotransformation Pathway
NASA and independent consultant (ITB, Inc.) desire alternative remedial strategy to optimize current cleanup strategies at SSC
Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration Utilize additive filled Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units Amended Area D Water Bearing Unit 3 (WBZ 3)
Evaluation ObjectivesField Evaluation
Utilized Monitoring Well 06-12MW 4-inch OD test well; depth to water
≈27ft Total depth of well ≈92-ft w/10-ft
screened interval at bottom Determine potential for native
microbial populations to degrade TCE effectively
Data gathered assists other NASA sites
Performed independent microcosm evaluation (CB&I)
Confirm field results supported by laboratory results Compare two additives efficacy as sole electron donor Included augmentation and amendment addition
Evaluation ObjectivesMicrocosm Evaluation
Compared ERDENHANCED™ to Lactate Each microcosm started with additive
concentration of 1.35 g/L Augmented with SDC-9 Dehalococcoides sp.
at 1 x 107 cells/ml Site groundwater spiked with ≈45 mg/L
[TCE] 10-day evaluation period
Pilot Study Microcosm EvaluationERDENHANCED®
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
• Evaluation performed by CB&I, Lawrenceville, NJ
Pilot Study Microcosm Evaluation OneERDENHANCED™
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
Lactate did not yield complete biotransformation during evaluation period
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 100
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
Lactate
TCE DCE VC
µg/L
• ≈97.8%REDUCTION by day-10
• An increase to 17,000 ug/L [cis-DCE] by day-7; followed by,
• 19.0%REDUCTION [cis-DCE] from peak bioavailability at evaluation end
• Increases in [VC] start at day-7 with continued upward trend at evaluation end
• Increases in [VC] without reduction may result in 20 contaminant and compliance issues
Lactate amended microcosm realized:
Pilot Study Microcosm EvaluationERDENHANCED™
NASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
µg/L
Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 100
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
ERDenhanced™
TCE DCE VC
BioStryke® Faster, Safer Biotransformation of cVOC contaminants
• BioStryke® ERDENHANCED® realized:
• >99.99% REDUCTION [TCE] by day 5
• Overall >93.3% reduction in [cis-DCE]
• Initial 2,300% increase at day 5
• >71% than lactate microcosm
• >99.7% reduction from peak bioavailability at evaluation end
• A four order-of-magnitude increase [VC] at day-7 of the evaluation
• >99.99% reduction in [VC] at day-10
• Complete parent destruction with twice the daughter production and subsequent complete destruction
Over 10-day microcosm study
NASA and independent consultant (ITB, Inc.) desire alternative remedial strategy to optimize current cleanup strategies at SSC
Conduct field based biostimulation demonstration Utilize additive filled Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units Amended Area D Water Bearing Unit 3 (WBZ 3)
Evaluation ObjectivesField Evaluation
Utilized Monitoring Well 06-12MW 4-inch OD test well; depth to water
≈27ft Total depth of well ≈92-ft w/10-ft
screened interval at bottom Determine potential for native
microbial populations to degrade TCE effectively
Data gathered assists other NASA sites
Site Plan – Area D
Direction of GW
Background ConditionsStennis Space Station Area D: 06-12MW
Deep Groundwater Bearing Unit Historical non-compliant [TCE]
Ranging from >50 ug/L to ≈2,000 ug/L
Asymptotic over time
Indicative of residual source mass
Limited daughter production
No [Vinyl chloride] or [Ethene] recorded over entire period
P&T systems effectiveness limited
In terms of performance In terms of long-term cost
Well-ID Date [TCE][cis-DCE]
[VC]
06-12MW
2007 69 12 ND
2008 1,201 233 ND
2009 186 16 ND
2010 1,259 177 ND
2011 1,893 331 ND
2012 1,017 99 ND
2013 154 13 ND
MCL (µg/L) 5 70 2
PRS Evaluation ProcessDetermine Additive Efficacy Under Real Biogeochemical
Conditions
Utilize Passive Release Sock (PRS) deployment units
Low-Risk, Low-Cost alternative to lab based evaluations
Performed under actual Site biogeochemical conditions
ORP, DO, pH, Temp, Cond; NO3, SO4, diss. Mn/Fe Ethane, Methane, Ethene, and Contaminants of Concern
Field indicator parameters monitored and recorded each replacement event
Provides Representative ‘Go-no-Go’ on-Site Evaluation
Baseline & Performance Monitoring/Sampling
PRS replacement events every 6-8 weeks 7 replacement events over 15 month evaluation Performance sample collection/analysis each event Non-purge, low-flow sampling protocols
Well withdeployed PRS
Ground surface
Groundwater Flow Direction
Additive slowly dissolves into casing volume of test well
PRS unit acts as a wicking agent to manage additive delivery
Pilot Study ProgramBenefits - Limitations
Non-Scalable, PRS Pilot Study Generates Limited AOI
Typically < 2 meters
Confirm Additive Efficacy prior to Full-Scale Commitment
Confirms presence/absence dehalorespiring bacteria
Easily combined with BioTrap® and/or other evaluation tools
Non-purge sampling otherwise skews results
Removes amended groundwater Removes enhanced microbial populations
Helps identify presence/absence of residual mass and, provides go no-go based results
Utilizes casing volume of well as ‘laboratory microsm’
Overall 94.8%REDUCTION [TCE] over 15-month evaluation
>99.99% continuous reductions in [TCE] from months T7-T10
Overall 79.3%REDUCTION [cis-DCE] over 15-month evaluation
Initial 85.7% reduction at month 4
>1,530% increase by month 8
>91.1%REDUCTION [CIS-DCE] from peak bioavailability at end
Consistent decrease in ORP values (from +69 to -191mV)
No [VC] or [Ethene] recorded
Changes in concentrations of cVOC contaminants
ERDENHANCED™ PRS Pilot StudyNASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
-250.00
-200.00
-150.00
-100.00
-50.00
0.00
50.00
100.00
MW-06-12
[TCE] [cis-DCE] ORP
Moles/L P:D Ratio
Final PRS Deployment
As TCE molecules are respired, moles TCE drop 100% in ≈8
mos.
Similarly, moles DCE drop 86% in ≈4 months; afterwards,
>1,500% increase moles DCE next 4 months
Moles DCE decrease 91% from peak bioavailability
Overall molar decrease TCE 94.8% DCE 79.3%
Parent Daughter Ratio Confirms biotransformation of
cVOC contaminants
NASA ERDenhanced™ Field Evaluation Results
0.00E+00
1.00E-03
2.00E-03
3.00E-03
4.00E-03
5.00E-03
6.00E-03
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
06-12 MW
Moles TCE Moles DCE
P:D Ratio Linear (P:D Ratio)
ERDENHANCED™ PRS Pilot StudyNASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
Final PRS Deployment
Contaminant Reduction but NO Destruction?
The importance of molar comparisons
1-May
-13
1-Ju
n-13
1-Ju
l-13
1-Au
g-13
1-Se
p-13
1-Oct
-13
1-Nov
-13
1-Dec
-13
1-Ja
n-14
1-Fe
b-14
1-Mar
-14
1-Ap
r-14
1-May
-14
1-Ju
n-14
1-Ju
l-14
1-Au
g-14
1-Se
p-14
1-Oct
-14
1-Nov
-14
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
%Moles TCE vs. Sulfate and [TCE]
[TCE] P:D Ratio Sulfate
Potential Start of Biotic Activity
Period of No Biotransformation of Parent TCE Contaminant
Parent Daughter Ratio No Change in P:D Ration Regardless of [SO4] or [TCE]
ERDENHANCED™ PRS Pilot StudyNASA Stennis Space Station - Mississippi
1-Jul-13 1-Aug-13 1-Sep-13 1-Oct-13 1-Nov-13 1-Dec-13 1-Jan-14 1-Feb-14 1-Mar-14 1-Apr-14 1-May-14 1-Jun-140
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
MW-06-12
Diss Fe ORP Diss Mn
mg/L mV• 4 Order-of-Magnitude
increase in [dissolved Fe]
• >98.3% decrease [diss. Fe] from peak availability
• >3,000% increase [dissolved Manganese] at month
• >85.7% decrease [diss. Mn] by evaluation end
• 30,000% increase [Sulfate] by month 6; complete depletion by end of evaluation period
• Sustained decrease in ORP, general increases [Methane]
Geochemistry; 20 lines of evidence supporting biotic reductive
dechlorination
Conclusions
Demonstrated biostimulation cost-effective strategy
ERDENHANCED® amended microcosm superior performance
Field evaluation data supported complete cVOC biotransformation
Current estimations place biostimulation capable of obtaining sustainable reducing conditions and 3-5 year compliance timeline
From results of Treatability evaluation determine full-scale loading and site requirements
PRS study proved effective as ‘Go no-Go’ evaluation process
2016 proposed on-site treatability evaluation
DPT injection of ERDenhanced about performance well Confirm subsurface distribution capabilities Determine transferability of PRS and Microcosm
studies
Site currently undergoing additional characterization
Thank You ?? Questions ??
BioStryke Remediation Products, LLCP.O. Box 254, Andover NH
www.biostryke.com603.731.3159 [email protected]