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$: H¶mw hÀjw - University of Calicutsdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/SLM-MA... · BZy-Ime aebmf I-hnX 7 s]m¶nd¯mÄIYbnÂ \n¶pw AXv P· sIm ImeL«¯nse kmaqlnI ]Ým-¯ew$
School of Distance Education

BZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnX 1

BZyIme aebmfIhnXFw.-F. ae-bmfw

H¶mw hÀjw

ÌUn saäo-cn-bÂ

2015 ADMISSION

Imen-¡äv kÀÆ-I-em-imehnZqc hnZym`ymk hn`mKw

Imen-¡äv bqWn-th-gvknän ]n.-H., ae- p-dwþ673 635

2002



UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

STUDYMATERIAL

I YEAR MA MAL:AYALAM

(2015 Admission)

BZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnXPrepared by: tUm.Pbvk¬ tPmkv

AknÌâ v s{]m^kÀ

aebmfhn`mKw

skâ v tXmakv tImfPv,tImgt©cn.

Scrutinised by: tUm. hn.A\nÂIpamÀ,s{]m^kÀ,

aebmfhn`mKw,

Im-en-¡äv bqWn-th-gvknän.

Layout & Settings Computer Section, SDE©

Reserved

2



BZy-Im-e-I-hnX

DÅ-S¡w

samUypÄ 1 \mS³ ]m«p-IÄs]m¶n-d-¯mÄ¡YHtX-\\pw HmW- p-S-hbpw

samUypÄ 2 kwL-Im-e-I-hnX]m«p-{]-Øm\wcma-N-cnXw 1þ3 ]S-e-§ÄXncp-\n-gÂame\ncWw IrXn-IÄ

a.I®-È-cm-am-bWw þ InjvIn-Ôm-ImWvUw ( BZy 20 ]m«v)b.`mjm- -K-hZv KoX (10 ]m«v)

cma-I-Y- m«v þ _me-ImWvUw:H¶mw hncp¯wsamUypÄ 3 aWn-{]-hm-f-km-lnXyw

ktµ-i-Imhy {]Øm\wD®p-\oen ktµiw (]qÀÆ `mKw)N¼p-¡ÄD®n-b- o-N-cnXw (]qÀÆ `mKw)cmam-bWw N¼p (DZym\-{]-th-iw)ss\j[w N¼p ( BZy 10 tÇmIw)Nt{µm-Õhw\f-N-cnXw H¶mw Znhkw

samUypÄ 4 IrjvW-Km-Y (cp-Ün-Wo-kzbwhcw) þ sN-dp-tÈcnFgp- -Ñ³ (kpµ-c-Im-WvUw) þ e¦m-Z-l\w]q´m\w þ Úm\- m-\Ip©³ \¼ymÀ þI-eym-W-ku-K-ÔnIwcma-]p-c¯p hmcyÀ þ IptN-e-hr¯wAÀtWmkp ]mXncntambn³Ip«n sshZyÀþ _Z-dpÂ ap\oÀ lpkv\pÂ PamÂ (]q-a-I-fms\ F¶ CiÂ)

samUypÄ 5 abq-c-k-tµiw (]qÀÆ `mKw)tIma- ³ae-b-hn-emkwHcp hnem]wtIi-hobwsImSp§ÃqÀ Ipªn¡p«³ X¼pcm³



samUypÄ 1\mS³]m-«p-IÄ

kmln-Xy- nsâ Ncn-{X- n-Â AwKo-Ir-X-amb \nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä \ÂIn {]tXyIw {]tXyIw]T\w \S- m-hp¶ {]Øm-\-§-fp-v. imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-bnÂ Hmtcm IrXn-tbbpw hni-I-e\wsNbvXp \nK-a-\-§-fnÂ F¯n-t -cmw. alm-Imhyw, JWvU-Imhyw, \mS-Iw, t\mhÂ, N¼p, B«-¡-Y, XpÅÂ XpS§n Hmtcm¶pw kmln-Xy- nse hn`n¶ hn`m-K-§-fm-Wv. Ch-bnÂ Hmtcm-¶n-s\-¡p-dn¨pw Nne {]tXyI `mjm kmln-Xy-§-fnÂ cq]w ]q-sX¶v FSp- p-]-d-bm-\pw km[n-¡pw. DZm-l-c-W- n\v B«-¡Y ae-bm-f- nsâ ap{Z-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. alm-Im-hyhpw N¼phpw aäpw kwkvIr-X-¯n-sâbpw t\mhÂ ,KZy-\m-SIw apX-em-bh Cw¥o-jn-sâbpw ]mc-¼cyw t]dp-¶p.

GXp `mjm-km-l-Xy- nepw enJnX kmln-Xy-an-Ãm¯ `mj-I-fnepw {]Nm-c-apÅ {]Øm-\-amWv \mS³]m-«p-IÄ. a\p-jy-\nÂ IY-tIÄ¡m\pw Ifn-]-d-bphm\pw ckn-¡m-\p-apÅ hmk-\-tbm-sSm¸w \mS³]m-«p-IÄ P\n- p. ImSp-I-fnÂ amSp-ta¨v ^e-aq-em-Zn-IÄ `£n¨v Pohn- n-cp¶ ImewapXÂ \mS³]m-«p-IÄ Dm-bn-¡m-Wpw. kmlnXyw ]n -h-bv¡p¶ Ime-amWv \mS³]m-«p-IÄ {]Xy-£-s -Sp-I. {]mIr-X-cmb P\-§-fnÂ AÛp-Xhpw `bhpw Df-hm-¡nb P´p-¡-sfbpw iàn-hn-ti-j-W-§-sfbpw Ip-dn v hn{i-a-th-f-I-fnÂ CuW-apÅ coXn-bnÂ -dªv Iq«p-Imsc ckn- n- -XmWv \mS³]m-«p-I-fpsS {]mY-anI cq]-sa¶v Icp-Xmw. \mS³]m-«p-I-fnÂ ImWp¶ A]-cn-jvIr-X- m-h-§Ä Cu XXzwsXfn-bn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. kwkvIrX Nn¯-cmb P\-§-fpsS Pohn-X-aÃ AXnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. ]cn-jvIr-Xhpw kpµ-c-hp-amb ssien-b-Ã, efn-Xhpw a[p-c-hp-amb coXn-bmWv ]m«p-I-fp-tS-Xv. CuSmÀ¶ kmlnXywcNn-¡p-s¶¶ Alw- m-h-a-Ã, BIÀj-I-amb a«nÂ Pohn-X-N-e-\-§Ä Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ IuXp-I-amWv ]m«p-Imsc \bn-¡p-¶-Xv.

\mS³]m«pIfpsS {]m[m\yw ]cm-aÀin-¡p¶ hnj-b- n-sâ-Xm-Wv. aX-]-c-tam, kmaq-ln-I-tam, Ncn-{X-]-ctam Bb GsX-¦nepw kw`-h- nsâ cq]-tcJ ]m«nÂ \n¶pw Is-Sp-¡m-\m-Ipw.sXmgn-ensâ Ivtfiw Adn-bn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ ]mSp¶ ]m«pw P\\w apXÂ acWw hsc-bpÅ Pohn-X-cw-K-§Ä a\p-jy-a-\-Êns\ F§s\ \ndw ]nSn- n¡p¶p F¶p ]d-ªp-X-cp-¶p. BtLm-j-§fpwBNm-c-§fpw Cu ]m«p-I-fnÂ \nXy-Po-hnXw t\Sp-¶p. sNdp-Xcw Km\-§fpw \o-I-Y-IÄ BJym\wsN¿p-¶-h-bp-apv \mS³]m-«p-I-fnÂ. GXm-bn-cp-¶mepw Hcp hyàn-bpsS cN-\-b-Ã, Hcp kaq-l-¯nsâ cN-\-bmWv \mS³]m-«v. BZyw HcmÄ Htcm-W- m-«p ]mSn-sb-¶n-cn-¡-s«. tI«p-\nÂ¡p-¶-hÀIqsS- m-Sp-t¼mÄ Ah-\-hsâ `mh-\m-hn-emkw hcn-I-fnÂ IS-¶p-Iq-Sp-¶p. IY-]-d-bp¶ ]m«p-IfpwChbv¡p IYm-Km-\-sa¶p t]cp-v. ]ecpw ]e-X-c- nÂ amäp-¶p. Htc ]m«n\v ]e cq]-§Ä {]N-cn-¡p-¶p. AXp \mS³ kmln-Xy- nsâ apJy-kz- m-h-am-Wv. hm¡p-Ifpw t]cp-Ifpw amdn-bmepw kaq-l-kz- m-h- n\v amä-an-Ã. Hcp Ime-L-«- nsâ cq]-tcJ AXnÂIm-Wpw.

IYm-]m-{X-§fpw hyà-Xz- n\v {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡msX ]m{X-kz- m-h- nÂ {i²n-¡msXIY ]dªp Xcp¶ ]m«p-I-fpsS IYm-Km-\-§-sf¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p. Cw¥ojv kmln-Xy- nse Bal-lads \p Xpey-am-Wn-Xv. Ballare F¶ \r¯-cq-]- n\p thn cNn- -XmWv ]mÝm-Xy-cpsSBallad F¶p ]d-bp-¶. tIc-f- nse I-Ym-Km-\-§Ä A -c- nÂ Hcp Zriy-I-em-cq-]- n-t\mSpw_Ô-s -Sp-¶n-Ã. ae-bm-f- nÂ IYm-Km-\-§Ä¡p hn]p-e-amb cp hn`m-K-§-fp-v. sX¡³]m-«p-Ifpw hS-¡³]m-«p-Ifpw. hS-¡³]m-«p-IÄ ]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-p-ap-Xse¦nepw ]WvUn-X-·m-cpsS{i²-bm-IÀjn¨p XpS-§n. ]m«p-Im-cpsS HmÀ½-bnÂ ctm aqt¶m \qämv Pohn-¡m-\n-S-bmb\mS³]m-«p-IÄ¡v mjm-]-c-amb ]ga \ne-\nÀ¯m³ Ign-bmsX t]mb-XnÂ AÛp-X-an-Ã. hS-¡³]m-«p-Ise At]-£n v sX¡³]m-«p-IÄ tIc-f- n-ep-S-\ofw {]Nm-c-an-ÃmsX t]mb-Xn\p mj Hcp {][m\Imc-W-am-Wv. sX¡³]m-«pI-fnÂ IYm-Km-\-§-fmWv Gdn-b-]-¦pw.

tIc-f- nse IYm-Km-\-§sf hS-¡-s\¶pw sX¡-s\¶pw Xcw-Xn-cn- Xv {]mtZ-inImSn-Øm-\- n-em-sW¶pw hyàw. D¯c tIc-f- nse ]m«p-IÄ hS-¡\pw Z£n-W-tI-c-f- nse ]m«p-IÄsX¡-\pw. sX¡³]m-«p-I-sf¶ t]cp-sIm-p-t±-in-¡p-¶Xv sX¡³tI-c-f- nse AXn-{]m-No\w Imew



apXÂ {]N-cn-¡p¶ IYm-Km-\-§-sf-bmWv. Ah-bnÂ Gdn-b-]¦pw hnÃ-Sn- m³ ]m«p-I-fmbn ]mSn-h-cp-¶p. Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, I\ym-Ip-amcn PnÃ-I-fnÂ Pohn¨ km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb P\-§Ä D¶-X-hn-Zym- ym-k- nsâ tamSnbpw ]In«pw _m[n-¡m- -hÀ ]mSn {]N-cn- n¨ sX¡³ ]m«p-IÄ C¶pw Ah-cpsStZh-X-Isf Bcm-[n-¡m\pw Ah-cpsS kt½-f-\-§Ä DÕ-h-thf-I-fm¡n amäm\pw Ah-cpsS ]n³Km-an-IÄ {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p. sImÃ-hÀjw ]¯mw iXIw hsc --- -- {InkvXp-hÀjw ]Xn-s\«mw iXIw hscþ DÅ IY-I-fmWv Ch-bnÂ A[n-I-hpw. hnj-b-§sf Bkv]-Z-am¡n sX¡³]m-«pIsf ]e-XmbnXcw-Xn-cn- n-«p-v. hmX- m-«p-IÄ, tIÄhn ]m«p-IÄ, imkv{X-]m-«p-IÄ F¶p aq¶p hn`m-K-amWv apJyw.b£n-¡-Y-Ifpw aÃ³I-Y-I-fp-sams¡ hmX- m-«p-I-fnÂ DÄs -Sp-¶p. Ch Bcm-[-\m-eb§-fnte ]mSmhqF¶mWv hbv¸v. Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-·m-sc-¡p-dn- pÅ ]m«p-I-fmWv tIÄhn- m-«p-IÄ. aÀ½-Nn-In-Õbpw If-cn- -b-äp-saÃmw imkv{X-]m-«p-I-fmbn {]N-cn-¡p-¶p. HmÀ½-bnÂ kq£n-¡m-\pÅ kuI-cy- n-\mbnhr - nÂ _Ôn-¡p-¶p. imkv{Xo-b-amb hr¯-\n-_-Ô-\-b-Ã, Xmf-{I-a-amWp {][m-\w. mj Gsd{]-tXy-I-X-I-fp-Å-X-t{X-. Xan-gva-e-bm-f-§-fpsS kwK-a- q-an-bnÂ Poh³ sIm sX¡³]m-«p-I-fnÂCu cp `mj-Ifpw IeÀ¶n-«p-v. Cu ]m«p-IÄ¡v tIc-f- nse aäp PnÃ-I-fnÂ {]Nmcw t\Sm³CS-h-cm- -Xn\p ImcWw asäm-¶m-hn-Ã.

s]m¶pw Nnd- -tXmÀI-S-b- q-cnÂCu ]pInÂ hmg-Insâ hSp-hÀIpew þ F¶p XpS-§p¶ ]m«v Xan-gn-eÃ sX¡³ tIc-f-

¯nse km[m-cW P\-§-fpsS kw`m-j-W- m-j-bn-emWv cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. tIc-f-]m-Wn\n \nÀt±-in¨Bdp \b-§Ä kw`-hn-¡m¯ `mj-sb¶pw thW-sa-¦nÂ ]d-bmw. GXm-bmepw kpµ-chpw efn-X-hp-amWv ]m«p-I-fnse `mj-sb¶ Imcy- nÂ A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k- n\p Imcy-an-Ã.

hnj-b- nsâ {]tXy-IX t\cs¯ kqNn- n- -tÃm. hmX- m-«p-Ifpw tIÄhn- m-«p-Ifpw {]Xn-Im-c-I-Y-I-fm-sW¶ {]tXy-I-X-bp-ap-v. sXäp sN¿m¯ hyànsb NXn-¡p-¶-hÀ, Ah-cpsS am{X-a-Ã, Ah-cpÄs -Sp¶ kaq-l- n-sâbpw {]tZ-i- n-sâbpw \mi- n\p Ifsamcp-¡p-¶p. ssih-ambkwlm-c-i-àn-t\Sn kÀÆ-\miw hnX-bv¡p¶ AXn-am-\p-j-Po-hn-Ifpw a\p-jy-tcm-sSm¸w cwK- p-v.{ZmhnU LS-I- n\v B[n-]-Xy-apÅ sX¡³]m-«p-I-fnÂ {i²n-t¡ Gähpw {][m-\-L-SIw HscmäkµÀ - nepw kv{Xosb A]-am-\n-¡p¶ Hcp ]cm-aÀihpw CÃ F¶-Xm-Wv. Cu kaq-l- nÂ kv{XosbIpcpXn sImSp-¡p-¶Xv A]qÀÆ-a-Ã. ]t£ Ahsf Ah-am-\n-¡p-¶-Xmbn BÀ¡pw kwi-b-an-Ã.ho«n-se- m³ Xma-kn-¡p¶ `À¯m-hns\ t\m¡n `mcytbm aIs\ At\z-jn¨v A½tbm GXvAÀ²-cm-{Xnbv¡pw t]mIp-¶Xv ImWmw. AhÀ¡v H¶pw t]Sn-t¡--Xn-Ã. Akq-bm-h-l-amb kaq-lw.

Hme-I-fnÂ \n¶v C\nbpw A -Sn-bn-se-t¯ IrXn-IÄ \nc-h-[n-bp-v. imkv{X-]m-«p-I-fpsSHme-IÄ ssIh-i-ap-Å-hÀ Ah ]IÀ¯m\pw A -Sn-¡m\pw X¿m-dm-Ip-¶n-Ã. AX-]-I-S-am-sW¶AÔ-hn-izmkw C¶pw \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶p. Nmap-WvUn-I-Y, aXn-e-I¯p IY apX-em-b-h-bpw B[p-\nI`mj-bn-te¡p amän-bmWv A -Sn- n-«p-Å-Xv. `mjm-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]T-\- n\v amä-§-sfm-¶pw hcp- m¯ cq]w Is-t¯--Xp-v. ap¯m-c-½³ IYbpw Bbn-c-h-Ãn-I-Ybpw imkv{Xmw-I-Ybpw ]IÀ¯n {]kn-²o-I-cn-t¡ hmX- m-«p-I-fnÂs -Sp-¶p. hen-b-X¼n Ipªp-X¼n t]mepÅtIÄhn- m-«p-Ifpw a{Zmkv kÀÆ-I-em-ime {]kn-²o-I-cn- n«pw \ap¡v {]kn-²o-I-cn-¡m-\m-bn-Ã.

Cu ]m«p-I-sfÃmw hnÃp-]m-«p-I-fmbn cwK- -h-X-cn- n-¡p-¶-h-bm-sW¶p t\cs¯ kqNn- n-¨p.-Hcp Ime¯v Bbp-[-am-bn-cp¶ hnÃv A¯-c- nÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-Xm-b-t¸mÄ kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-ambn amdn. alm- m-cX IYm-\m-bn-I-amÀ Xs¶ Chn-Sps¯ A½ ssZh- nsâ ap¼nÂ hnsÃm-Sn¨p]mSn-sb¶v sFXo-lyw. Ipcp-t£-{X-bp-²-hn-P-b- n\v klm-bn¨ tZhnsb Bcm-[n-¡m³ IrjvW\pwAÀÖp-\\pw IqSn tZho kvXpXn-IÄ ]mSn-b-t{X. GXm-bmepw hen-sbmcp hnÃp-h¨v hncp- hpw]m«pw IeÀ¶ coXn-bnepw tNmtZym- c coXn-bnepw hnÃp-]m-«p-IÄ Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶p.

hmX- m-«p-I-fnÂ {][m-\-s¸« b£n-¡-Y-I-fnÂ H¶mWv s]m¶nd- mÄ IY.kmaq-lnI ]Ým- ew



s]m¶n-d- mÄI-Y-bnÂ \n¶pw AXv P· sIm Ime-L-«- nse kmaq-lnI ]Ým- ewHs«ms¡ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ km[n-¡pw. AÔ-hn-izm-k-§fpw \c-_ent]mep-ff {Iqc-amb A\m-Nm-c-§fpw \S-am-Sn-bn-cp¶ Hcp Ime-L-«-s¯-¡p-dn- mWv Cu ]m«nÂ hÀ®n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

]p\ÀP-·¯n-epÅ hnizm-kw, iIp-\- n-epÅ hnizmkw, kz]v\w ên-¡p-sa-¶pÅ hnizm-kw, tPymÕy- nepw ajn-t\m-«- nepw aäp-apÅ hnizmkw, _m[, amS³, adp-X, ]nim-Np-¡Ä XpS-§nb ZpÀt±-h-X-Isf Bcm-[n-¡Â F¶n-§s\ Cu ]m«nÂ hÀWn- n-«pÅ AÔ-hn-izm-k-§Ä \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. a{ -hmZw, IqtSm{Xw, \c-_en XpS-§nb A\m-Nm-c-§fpw CXnÂ hni-Z-ambn hÀ®n- n-«p-v. \c-_-enbpw _mt[m-]-{Z-h-hp-amWv Cu CXn-hr- - nsâ \ne-\n-ev]n\p-Xs¶ Imc-W-am-bn-«pÅLS-I-§Ä F¶p ImWmw.

]p\ÀP-·- nÂ hniz-kn-¡p-¶-h-cm-bn-cp¶p A¡m-es¯ P\-X. s]m¶n-d- m-fnsâ A\-]-Xy-Zpx-J- n\p ImcWw AhÄ apÖ-·- nÂ sNbvX Hcp ]m]- nsâ ê-am-sW¶v `K-hXn {]Xy-£-s¸«p ]d-bp-¶Xv CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

ap¸p-d- nÂ sNbvX ]m]wÇp-d- nÂ Xocp-saSnNqem-Sp-NqÂ ]¶ntXmI-bmcp sIm¶-XppNqen-Isf sIm¶-]m]wXpe¡ h´m-tbm-s]m-¶n-dtaH³]-Xp-amkw KÀ`-t¯msSD¶p-bncpw Cd- o-Sp-ta.apÖ-·- nÂ s]m¶n-d- mÄ ]qÀ® KÀ`n-Wn-bmb Hcm-Sn-s\bpw ]qÀ®-KÀ`n-Wn-bm-sbmcp

]¶n-tb-bpw sIm¶n-«p--t{X. B ]m]- nsâ e-ambn Cu P·- nÂ AhÄ H³]Xp amkw KÀ`n-Wn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ A]-arXyp hcn-t¡--Xm-bn-h-cp-sa-¶mWv `K-hXn ]d-ª-Xn-\À°w. B Ime-L-«- n³ P\-§Ä¡v ]p\ÀÖ-·- nepw ]m]- -e- nepw F{X-am{Xw hnizm-k-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶-Xn\v sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv.

AXp-t]mseXs¶ ZpÈ-Ip-\-§-fnÂ AhÀ¡v AÔ-amb hnizm-k-ap-m-bn-cp-¶Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡mw. s]m¶n-d- mÄ Np\-bnÂ \ocm-Sm-\mbn bm{X-bm-Ip-t¼mÄ amÀ¤-at²y ]e ZpÈ-Ip-\-§fpwImWp-¶-Xmbn ]d-bp-¶p-v.

]«-acw X¶n-en-cp´v Hcp]Ãn ]ew sNmÃp-XtÃm(D-W-§nb ac- n-en-cp¶v Hcp ]Ãn êw ]d-bp-¶p)C½m-Xncn ZpÈ-Ip-\-§-sfÃmw hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ B]- nsâ kqN-\-bm-sW¶v AhÀ hniz-kn-

¨n-cp-¶p. kz]v\-§Ä bmYmÀ°y-am-bn- ocpw F¶pÅ hnizm-khpw ZrV-am-bn-cp-¶-Xm-bn-¡m-Wmw.s]m¶n-d- mÄ Np\-bnÂ \ocm-Sm³ t]mb-t¸mÄ Nne IÅ-·mÀ Ahsf ]nSn- p-sIm-p-t]mbn _en-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xmbn Ah-fpsS aman kz]v\w Ip. C¡mcyw kqNn- n- p-sImv AhÀ Ahsf bm{X-bnÂ \n¶pw ]nń-cn- n-¡p-¶p-v.

`qX, t{]X, ]nim-Np-¡-sfbpw b£n, amS³, adp-X, _m[ (hm-X) XpS-§nb ZpjvS-i-àn-I-sfbpw AÔ-ambn hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw AhÀ¡v t\À -Im-gvN-IÄ \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ coXn \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶p. IÅ-·mÀ \n[n-b-t\z-jn¨v sNÃp¶ kµÀ`-¯nÂ ZpÀt±-h-X-I-fpsS Hcp \o\ncsb¯s¶ Cu Km\- nÂ hÀ®n- n-«p-v.

Gä \Ã Ci-¡n-bpp]mXm-f-am-S-\pp]mXm-f-C-i-¡n-bpp]mem-«p-¡m-dn-bpp] -Xn¶n amS-\p-p....F¶n-§s\ \ofp¶p B \nc. \n[n ssIh-i-s -Sp- p-¶-Xn\p thn Cu ZpÀt±-h-X-IÄ¡v



Hmtcm-cp- À¡pw sImSp-t¡ _enIÄ {]tXyIw FSp- p-]-d-ªn-«p-v.]mXm ]qX- q¡p] -¡n-Smbv sh«n sImSp-¡-thWwsN¦n-Smbv ]qX- p¡psN¦nSm H¶p thWwIcp-¦nSm ]qX- p¡pIcp-t¦mgn H¶p-th-Ww....\c-_-en-bmWv Cu Km\- nÂ hÀ®n- n-«p-Å-XnÂh v Gähpw {Iqc-amb A\m-Nm-cw. kzmÀ°-

em- - - n-\p-thn (\n[n ssI¡-em-¡m³) Hcp Iq«w IÅ-·mÀ ]qÀ®-KÀ`n-Wn-bmb Hcp kv{Xosb(s]m-¶n-d- m-fn-s\) _en sImSp-¡p-¶p. B cwKw Gähpw {]m[m\yw sImSp¯v kpZoÀL-ambnhÀ®n- n-«p-v. Icp-W-ckw Ic-I-hn-bp¶ ssien-bn-emWv B cwK-§Ä Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

Ch IqSmsX a{ -hm-Zw, ajn-t\m-«w, IqtSm{Xw F¶p XpS§n At\Iw BNm-c-co-Xn-IÄ CuKm\- nÂ ]e kµÀ`-§-fn-embn hÀ®n- n-«p-v. A]-arXyp t\cn-«-h-cpsS Bßm-¡Ä hmX (_m[)-I-fmbn h¶v cmPy- n\v \miw hnX-bv¡p-sa¶ hnizm-k-hpw A¶p--mbn-cp-¶p. aYp-cm-\-K-c- nÂ\miw hnX- Xv s]m¶n-d- m-fn-sâbpw Iq«-cp-sSbpw hmX-I-fm-sW¶v tPymÕy³ {]h-Nn- -Xp-sImmWva{ -hmZw \S¯n _m[-sbm-gn- n-¡m³ {ian-¡p-¶-Xv. C½m-Xncn AÔ-hn-izm-k-§-fnÂ \n¶v cmPmhpt]mepw apà-\m-bn-cp-¶nÃ F¶p ImWmw.

Cu IYm-Km-\- nÂ \n¶v A¡m-es¯ Pohn-X-k-{¼-Zm-b-§-sf-¡p-dn v Htc-I-tZ-i-Nn{Xw \ap¡ve`n-¡pw. Ipªp P\n- mÂ sN¿p¶ NS-§p-IÄ, {]k-hw, {]k-hm-\- c ip{iq-j-IÄ, hnhm-lw,B`-c-W-§Ä, PmXn k{¼-Zm-bw, cmP- -c-W- nsâ ]Ým- ew F¶n-§-s\ Ht«sd Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v hyà-amb Nn{Xw e`n-¡p¶ hn[- nÂ hÀ®n- n-«p-v.

s]m¶n-d-¯mÄIYIYm-kw-{Klw

Xncp-\Âthen PnÃ-bnse ISbw {Kma- n-emWv (I-S-b- qÀ) IY \S-¡p-¶-Xv. Ahn-Sps¯hSp-hÀ hwi- nÂs¸« Hcp kpµcnbmWv s]m·m-cn. AhÄ A©v B¬Ip-«n-Isf {]k-hn- p.

A©p \Ã iqe-Xnepw A©p B¬ _mesc“Cusâ-Sp- mÄ [À½-P-\pw, KÀ`-X\pwX\n-¡n-fb IrjvW³ Xm\pw Nn¯n-c-]p- n-c\pwXnc-\n-e-I-WvT\pw A©p \Ã iqe-Xnepw

A©p B¬_m-e-Isc Cusâ-Sp- mÄad´ XpWn FSp- n-Ssh Hcp s]¬]m-eÀ CÃm-aÂ”F¶mÂ Hcp s]¬Ip«n P\n- n-Ã. Hcp s]¬Ip«n P\n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn s]m·mcn Nne

t\À -Im-gvN-IÄ \S¯n AXnsâ ^e-ambn ]nd¶ aI-fmWv s]m¶n-d- mÄ.P\n¨ s]¬Ip-ªn\v F´v t]cnSpw ? kwi-b-am-bn. ap¼v ]dª t]cn-StWm AtXm ap¯-

g-Imb t]cn-StWm?“ap³ sNm¶ t]cn-Smthmap¯-f-Im-t]-cn-Smthmama-·mÀ t]cn-Smthma¨n-\-t¯mÀ t]cn-Sm-thm.....”C§s\ Ipsd kwi-b-§Ä¡p-tijw HSp-hnÂ Hcp Xocp-am-\- n-se- n.“s]m·m-cn-s]ä aIÄs]m¶n-d- mÄ Fsâ t]cn-S-th..”H¶mw amkw Aar-Xq-«n, Xncp-I-eymWw \S- n. Cucm-m-b-t¸mÄ Ccp-Im-Xp-Ip- n, e£-W-



sam¯ tXmS-bn-«p........... A§s\ AhÄ hfÀ¶p.]{ -p-sIm-Ã-ambn. ]´p-I-fn-¡m-\pÅ {]mbw. tXmgn-am-tcmSpw IqSn AhÄ (s]m-¶n-d- mÄ)

]´p-I-fn-¡m³ XpS-§n.s]m¶n-d- mfpw tXmgn-amcpw ] -Sn- p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bnÂ ]mhqÀ CW-iq-c³ Ahn-

sS-sb- n, ]´p-Ifn ImWp-¶p. s]m¶n-d- m-fn-s\bpw Ah-fpsS ]´p-I-fnbpw hfsc CjvS-s¸«CW-iq-c³ Ah-fpsS kIe hnh-c-§fpw tXmgn-am-tcmSv tNmZn- -dn-bp-¶p. s]m¶n-d- m-fn\pw CW-iq-cs\ Iv a\-Ên-f-Ip-¶p. AhÀ X½nÂ CjvS- n-em-bn. s]m¶n-d- mÄ Ac-a\ t]mepw ad-¶p.CW-iq-c³ D¸p-Xn¶ Infn-sb-t¸mse, Dua I In\m-hp-t]mse H¶pw ]d-ª-dn-bn-¡m-\m-hmsXIgn-ªp-Iq-Sn.

s]m·m-cn-bpsS A\p-hm-Z-t¯msS CW-iq-c³ Ahsf hnhmlw Ign-¡m³ Xocp-am-\n- p.

hnhm-l- n\v PmX-I-s¸m-cp¯w t\m¡m³ tPymÕy³ F¯n. tPymÕy³ cm-fp-sS-bpw PmXIw

t\m¡n {]h-Nn¨p þ asäÃm s]mcp- hpw Dv, F¶mÂ \op-hm-gp¶ ew CÃ. Cu hnhcw tI«v Ah-

fpsS A½ ]dªp

“hmd-sXÃmw hn[n-h-iw-Xm³”(h-cp-¶-sXÃmw hn[n-bm-Wv)

AhÀ hnhmlw \S- m³Xs¶ \nÝ-bn- p. s]m¶n-d- m-fnsâ hnhmlw hfsc BtLm-j-t¯msS

\S-¶p. tZh-tem-I- p-\n-¶p-Å-h-cmWv ] -en-«-Xv. H³]-Xp-ImÂ ]´Â. A§s\ hnhmlw Kw`o-c-ambn \S-

¯n.

A\-]-Xy-ZpxJw

hnhm-lhpw a[p-hn-[p-hp-sams¡ Ign-ªp. F¶mÂ ZoÀL-\m-fp-IÄ¡p-tijhpw Hcp Ipªn-

¡mÂ ImWp-¶-Xn-\pÅ e£-W-sam¶pw Dm-bn-Ã. AhÄ kzbw i]n- p.

“Cugn Fsâ hb-änÂ Hcp

CfwIpg-ss -N-\n-bmtXm

C -\p¡pw alm-tXmjw \m³

sNbvtXt\m amXmth!” --þ Xm³ C{Xbv¡p alm-]m-]n-bmtWm F¶p ]cn-X-]n- p-sIm-mWv s]m¶n-

d- mÄ kzbw i]n- -Xv.

tXmc-W-a-e-bnse K-hXn hnfn- mÂ hnfn tIÄ¡pw. ChnsS Np\-bnÂ \ocmSn Cud-t\msS X]Êp

sNbvXmÂ (\m-ev]-s¯m-¶p-\mÄ) ew In«pw. Cu hmÀ¯ s]m¶n-d- mfpw tI«p. s]m¶n-d- mÄ tXmc-

W-a-e-bn-se¯n K-h-Xn-b-½³ tImhn-enÂ X]Êp sNbvXp. Hcp aWvU-e-¡mew ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡p¶ cm{Xn K-

hXn {]Xy-£-s -«p. AhÄ tZhn-tbmSv Xsâ ZpxJw Adn-bn- p. X\n¡v Hcp B¬Ip«n ]nd-¡-Ww. AXn-\p-

th-n-bmWv Cu X]Êv. CXp tI«v tZhn {]h-Nn- p.

\nsâ ap³Ö· ]m]- nsâ e-amWv \o A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-Xv. apÖ-·- nÂ \o KÀ`n-Wn-bmb Hcm-

Sn-s\bpw KÀ n-Wn-bmb ]¶n-sbbpw sIm¶-h-fm-Wv. AXn-\mÂ H³]mXmw amk- nÂ, XnIª KÀ -t¯msS

acn-¡m-\pÅ hn[n-bmWv \n¶nÂ Rm³ ImWp-¶-Xv. F\n¡v \ns¶ c£n-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. AXp-sImv aS-§n-

t¸m-Iq.

]t£ s]m¶n-d- mÄ ]n·m-dn-bn-Ã. AhÄ hopw K-h-Xnsb {]mÀ°n- p. Ah-fnÂ KÀ -e-£-W-

§Ä Ip-Xp-S-§n. Fs«m³]Xp amkw Ign-ªp. AhÄ ]qÀ®-KÀ`nWnbmbn. H³]Xmw amk- nÂ

hmgv p-apf Xfn-¡-Ww. AhÄ tXmgn-am-tcm-sSm¸w apf-X-fn- p. F«mw-\mÄ sN¶p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ s]m¶n-d-

¯mÄ Xfn v hn¯p-I-sfÃmw InfnÀ¯p-]-s]m- n. CXv (hn¯p apf-bv¡m-Xn-cp-¶-Xv) Aip- -e-£-W-am-Wv.

]n¶oSv AhÄ tXmgn-am-tcm-sSm¸w hc-I-\-Ãqsc t£{X- nse Np\-bnÂ \ocm-Sm-\mbn bm{X-bm-bn.

t]mIp-¶-Xn\v Hcp¡w Iq«p-t¼mÄ Nne Aip- -e-£-W-§ÄIqSn ImWm-\n-S-bm-bn. Np\-bnÂ \ocm-Sm³ t]mI-

cp-sX¶v aman ap¶-dn-bn v \ÂIn. Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-ense IÅ-·mÀ s]m¶n-d- m-fns\ IpcpXn sImSp-¡p-

¶-Xn-\mbn aman-bmÄ kz]v\w Ip. AXmWv AhÄ ap¶-dn-bn v \ÂIn-b-Xn\p Imc-Ww. F¶mÂ s]m¶n-

d- mÄ t]mIpI Xs¶ sNbvXp. t]mIpw-hgn¡v DW-¡-a-c- n-en-cp¶v Hcp ]Ãn sNmÃn. AXpw iIp-\- n-g-



bm-Wv. F¶n«pw hcp-¶Xp hc-s«-sb¶p IcpXn AhÄ apt¼m«v t]mIpI Xs¶ sNbvXp. tXmgn-amÀ H¸w

sN¶n-Ã. X§Ä hcp-¶nÃ F¶p ]dªv ]nń-cn-ªp.

apf-X-fn- -t¸m-gs¯ Aip`w \o§n-¡n-«m-\mbn Np\-bnÂ \ocm-SpI Xs¶ t]mwh-gn-sb¶v AhÄ

Icp-Xn. ]nń-cn-ªp-t]mb tXmgn-amÀ sN¶p hnfn-s -¦nepw AhÄ XncnsI hcm³ Iq«m-¡n-bn-Ã. Np\-bn-

en-d§n ap§nb ka-b¯v {]Ir-Xn-bmsI Imäpw tImfpw h¶p \nd-ªp. BsI Ccp-«v. Zn¡p-IÄ Xncn- -dn-

bm³ h¿m-Xm-bn.

Cu ka-b v ae-ap-I-fnse Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-enÂ Ipsd IÅ-·mÀ H¯p-Iq-Sn. Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-

ense \n[n FSp-¡m-\m-Wv Ah-cpsS ]pd- m-Sv. AXn\v ImhÂ \nev¡p-¶Xv qX-§-fm-Wv. AhÀ ajn-bn«p

t\m¡n. qX-§Ä¡v Nne _en-IÄ \ÂI-Ww. F¶mÂ Imfn¡v H³]-Xp-amkw KÀ -apÅ Hcp s]®n-s\-

¯s¶ (\n-d-iqen þ ]qÀ®-KÀ`n-Wn) _en \ÂI-Ww. \n[n ssI¡-em-¡m³ CX-ÃmsX aäp amÀ¤-§-fn-Ã.

F¶mÂ \nd-iqenbmb Hcp s]®ns\ FhnsS In«pw? hopw ajn-bn«p t\m¡n-b-t¸mÄ AhÀ s]m¶n-d-

¯m-fns\ ImWp¶p.

IÅ-·mÀ \nd-iq-en-bmb s]®ns\ tXSn \S-¡p¶ ka-b¯v Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-ense ]qPm-cnbpw s]m¶n-d- m-fns\ ImWp-¶p. Ah-fpsS AhØ I ]qPmcn Ah-fpsS IY-I-sfÃmw tNmZn¨pa\-Ên-em-¡p-¶p. Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-enÂ ]qP-I-gnªp Xncn-sI-sb- n-bm-ep-S³ Xm³ s]m¶n-d- m-fns\ Ah-fpsS ho«nÂ sImp sN¶m¡mw F¶p kam-[m-\n- n¨p AbmÄ \S-¶p.

s]m¶n-d- m-fns\ BÂ¨p-h-«nÂ¯s¶ \nÀ¯n-bn«p Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-en-se- nb ]qPmcnIÅ-·msc Ip-ap-«p-¶p. \n[n-sb-Sp-¡m³ klm-bn- mÂ (Ggp InSmcw \ndsb \n[n-bp--hn-sS)AXnÂ ]mXn ]¦p-X-cm-sa¶v AhÀ ]d-bp-¶p. CXp-tI« ]qPmcn s]m¶n-d- mÄ \nÂ¡p¶ ØewAhÀ¡v ]d-ªp-sIm-Sp- p.

s]m¶n-d- m-fns\ kao-]n¨ IÅ-·mÀ Ahsf ho«nÂ sImp-sN-¶m¡mw F¶p ]dªpIq«n-s¡m-p-t]m-bn. BZy-sams¡ Nne hÀ¯-am-\-§Ä ]d-ªv, Hcp t{Zmlhpw sN¿m-sX-bmWvAhÀ Ah-sf sImp-t]m-b-Xv. F¶mÂ Ipsd Ign-ª-t¸mÄ B IÅ-·m-cpsS a«p amdn. AhÀs]m¶n-d- m-fns\ D]-{Z-hn- p-Xp-S-§n.

Zml-Pew tNmZn- -t¸mÄ AhÀ Ipcp-t¯me sI«n AhÄ¡v Fcn-hpÅ \oÀ sImSp- p.apdp-¡m³ tNmZn- -]-t¸mÄ Bs«-cpXpw (B-«n³]-gp-¡) Bew XfnÀsh-än-ebpw sImSp- p. s]m¶n-d- mÄ Ah-tcmSv ]pfn-b¦m thW-sa¶v ]d-ªp. (KÀ`n-Wn-IÄ¡v ]pfn-b¦m CjvS-am-W-tÃm) CXptI«v alm-]m-]n-bmb Hcp IÅ³ ]pfn-¦¼v sh«n Ahsf ASn- p. C§s\ t{Zml-§Ä kln-¡m-Xm-b-t¸mÄ Xs¶ t{Zmln-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-IbmsW¦nÂ Hcp]Imcw sN¿m-sa¶v AhÄ ]d-bp-¶p.

F³h-b-änÂ sN\n¯ KÀ`w Ct¸m-tg\w Cusâ-Sp- m³B¬]m-eÀ Cusâ-Sp- mÂ D¦-fpS t]cn-Sp-th³s]¬]mssh Cusâ-Sp- mÂ D¦Ä s]©mXn t]cp-Sp-th³ þ Xm³ {]k-hn-¡p¶ Ipªv

BWm-sW-¦nÂ IÅ-·m-cnÂ Hcm-fpsS t]cnSmw; s]®m-sW-¦nÂ Ah-cpsS s]§-·m-cnÂ Hcm-fpsSt]cnSmw; Xs¶ D]-{Z-hn-¡msX hnSWw F¶mWv s]m¶n-d- mÄ ]dª-Xv.

F¶mÂ B Incm-X-·mÀ Ah-fp-sS A`yÀ°\ sNhn-s¡m-n-Ã. AhÀ Ahsf hen- n-g- p-sIm-p-t]mbn Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-enÂ \n[n-bn-cn-¡p¶ Icp-h-e- nsâ aosX ]nSn- p-sI-«n-h- p. Ah-fpsS ap¼nÂ BSn-s\bpw ]¶n-tbbpw aäpw _en-I-gn- p. AXn-\p-tijw HcmÄ h¶v hmsf-Sp¯vs]m¶n-d- m-fns\ sh«m-t\m-§n. F¶mÂ Ah-fpsS AgIv Iv kln-¡msX Ah³ ]n³hm-§n.Hmtcm-cp- -cmbn Ahsf _en-I-gn-¡m³ {ian-s -¦nepw Ah-fpsS AgIv Ahsc B DZy-a- nÂ\n¶pw ]nń-cn- n- p. ]t£ Cu _en \S-¡msX \n[n-sb-Sp-¡m-\m-hn-Ã-tÃm. AXp-sImv Hcp-h³ss[cy-]qÀÆw I®p-sI«n h¶v hmsf-Sp¯v s]m¶n-d- m-fnsâ hbÀ ]nfÀ¶p. Ah-Ä Ah-s\bpwAhsâ hwi-t¯bpw \mSn-s\-bpw i]n- p.

“IS-b- q-cm³ tIfms\ t]mbp-h- mÂ....



D -In-fbpw apSn-bp-saSm D¶msW IS-b- q-cm³” \mSp sh´p-sh-®o-dm-Ip-sa¶v s]m¶n-d-¯m-Ä i]n- p.

IÅ-·mÀ s]m¶n-d- m-fnsâ hbÀ ]nfÀ¶v Ip«nsb ]pd-s¯-Sp¯p _en \ÂIn, \n[n FSp-¯p. ]n¶oShÀ AXv ]¦p-h-bv¡p¶ Xnc-¡n-em-bn. \n[n IrXy-ambn hoXn-¡-W-sa¶ A`n-{]mbwh¶p.

\n[n Af-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Hcp apf-\mgn kwL-Sn- n-¡-Ww. AhÀ apf-sh-«m-\mbn apf-¦m-«nÂIb-dn. B ka-b¯v apf-¦m-«nÂ \n¶v ISp-hbpw ]penbpw aäpw Cd§n h¶v IÅ-·msc hI-h-cp- n.Im«m-f-½³ `K-h-Xn-bpsS BÚ A\p-k-cn¨v `qX-K-W-§Ä \n[n-sbÃmw XncnsI FSp- p-h- p.F¶mÂ s]m¶n-d- m-fn-sâbpw Ip«n-bp-sSbpw ico-c-§Ä tNmc-bnÂ Ipfn- p-In-S-¶p.

Np\-bnÂ \ocm-Sm³ t]mb s]m¶n-d- m-fns\ ImWmªv Ah-fpsS A¸\pw A½bpw A©vA®-·mcpw `À¯mhpw tXSn-bn-d-§n. Ch-sc-¡q-SmsX ASp¯ _Ôp-¡fpw AbÂ]-¡-¡mcpws]m¶n-d- m-fns\ Xnc-bm³Iq-Sn.

s]m¶n-ds¯ XI- -\mcpw s]m¶n-ds¯ XmbmcpwA®-·mÀ Abvt]cpw ame-bn« aW-hm-f\pwASp- -t]cpw tNI-c-ambv Gń-gsb tXSp-hmcmwIm«nepw ta«n-ep-saÃmw At\z-jn¨ AhÀ Im«m-f-½³ tImhn-enÂ Hcp Igp-I³ h«-an«p ]d-

¡p-¶Xv Ip. B Zn¡p e£y-am¡n sN¶p. Bscbpw sR«n- n-¡p¶ ImgvN-bm-bn-cp¶p AhnsSAhÀ I-Xv. tNmc-bnÂ Ipfn- p-In-S-¡p¶ s]m¶n-d- mfpw Ip«n-bpw.

s]m¶n-d- m-fnsâ XmbmÀ (A-½) s]m·mcn s\©- -Sn¨p \ne-hn-f- p. Ah-fpsS XI -\mÀ(]n-Xm-hv) Xe-XÃn acn- p. À¯mhv Ipªns\ I¿n-se-Sp¯p Npw_n- -tijw Xe-sh«n acn- p. B§-f-amÀ A©p-t]cpw hmfp-sImv kzbw sh«n acn- p. Dä-hcpw DS-b-hcpw AbÂ]-¡-¡mcpw FÃmw-IqSn sXm®qän H³]Xp ih-i-co-c-§Ä AhnsS hoWp. FÃm-hcpw Bß-lXy sNbvXp.

acn- -h-scÃmw inh-temIw ]qIn. lc-t\-hcw Xmtbm F¶v Bßm-¡Ä {]mÀ°n- p. CusImSpw-]m-XIw sNbvX-h-tcmSv {]Xn-Imcw sN¿m-\pÅ hc-amWv AhÀ Bh-iy-s -«-Xv. a[p-cm-\-Kcwapgp-h³ Nps«-cn-¡m-\pÅ hcw AhÀ Bh-iy-s -«p. AX-\p-k-cn¨v `qX-K-W-§Ä FÃmw-IqSn h¶va[p-cm-\-Kc¯nÂ h³\miw hnX- p. amS\pw adp-Xbpw b£nbpw ]nimNpw FÃmw IqSn F¯n B\mSp apgps¡ òXn ]SÀ¯n.

\m«n-emsI kwlm-c-Xm-WvU-h-am-Sn-bXv GXp iàn-bpsS hnf-bm-«-amWv ? sshI- mn a¶v#BsI A¦-em- n-em-bn. cmPmhv tPymÕys\ hnfn-¡m³ Bf-b- p. tPymÕy³ F¯n. AbmÄ{]iv\w h¨p t\m¡n-b-t¸mÄ s]m¶n-d- m-fns\ ad-h-·mÀ _en sImSp- -XmWv \m«n-emsI \miwhcm³ ImcWw F¶p Ip. ZpjvS-]n-im-Np-¡Ä hopw cà- n-\mbn Zmln-¡p-¶p. CXn-\v, X¡-Xmb Hcp a{ -hm-Znsb hcp¯n Zmln-¡p-¶p. CXn-\v, X¡-Xmb Hcp a{ -hm-Znsb hcp¯n, a{ -h-hmZw \S¯n _m[-sbm-gn- n-¡p-I-bmWv GI t]mwh-gn.

tPymÕy³ \nÀt±-in- -X-\p-k-cn¨v a{ -th-es\ hcp- m³ cmPmhv Bf-b- p. a{ -th-e³F¯n. H¸w N¦p-th-e³, Cf-th-e³, N¸mWn, aq¯-th-e³, \mK- -Ån, Ipd- n, a¡Ä, \mem-dp-th-ev\-amÀ F¶n-hcpw Dv. a{ -th-e³ a{ -hm-Z- n-\pÅ \o NmÀ¯p sImSp- p. AX-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ km[-\-km-a-{Kn-I-sfÃmw Hcp¡n a{ -hmZw XpS-§n. (a-{ -hm-Z- n\v BZyw the³ \nÀt±-in¨NmÀ¯nse tIm¸p-IÄ Hcp-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«p-Å-h-bm-Wv. F§pw In«m¯ km[-\-§Ä. cmPm-hnsâIev]-\-{]Imcw \m«nÂ In«m-hp¶ kma-{Kn-IÄsImv the³ asämcp NmÀ¯v Ipdn- p.)

the³ a{ -hmZw XpS-§n-b-t¸mÄ the- nbpw Nne {]tbm-K-§Ä Bcw- n- p. Ah-fpsSa{ -hnZy ên- p. thesâ hnZy s]mfn-ªp. `qX-K-W-§-sfÃmw ]nim-Np-¡fpw thes\ th«-bm³XpS-§n.

HSp-hnÂ the¯n Xs¶ Nne s]mSn-ss¡-IÄ {]tbm-Kn¨v ]nim-Np-¡sf IpS- n-e-S¨p; cmPm-hnsâ ap¼nÂh- p. F¶mÂ cmPmhv hniz-kn- n-Ã. hniz-kn-¡m-\mbn sXfnhv Fs -¦nepw thWw.



N -bnÂ \n¶ BÂacw \n¶-\nÂ]nÂ adn-ªp-ho-Wp.the¯n _m[-Isf ]nSn- p-sI-«n-sb¶v cmPm-hn\v t_m[y-am-bn. C\n, sNbvX ]m]- n\v ]cn-

lmcw \nÀt±-in-¡m³ cmPmhv Bh-iy-s -«p. the¯n ]cn-lmcw \nÀt±-in- p. s]m¶n-d- mÄ acn- p.hoWn-S v Hcp ]pXnb t£{Xw ]Wn-bp-I. AhnsS s]m¶n-d- m-fnsâ hn{K-lw {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-I.

cmPm-hnsâ (ssh-I- mn a¶³) t\Xr-Xz- nÂ tXmc-W-am-aebnÂ Hcp at\m-l-c-t£{Xw]Wn-I-gn- n- p. AhnsS {]Xn-jvTbpw \S- n. A§s\ \mSnsâ _m[-I-sfÃmw Hgn-ªp.

HtX\\pw HmW¸pShbpwtIcf¯nse \mtSmSnKm\kmlnXy¯nse Gähpw k¼¶amb imJbmWv hS¡³]m«pIÄ.

hSs¡ae_mdnse hoc\mbIcqsS A]Zm\IoÀ¯ \§fmWhbnÂ A[nIhpw. ]Xn\©mw\qäp apXÂs¡¦nepapÅ hS¡³]m«p IÄ IpIn«nbn«pv. Ccp]Xmw \qämnÂt¸mepwhS¡³ ]m«pIÄ Dmbn«papv. ]m«pIsf Im¯pkq£n¨pt]m¶ Iq«mbvabpsS LS\bv¡v]db¯¡ amäsam¶pw DmIm¯Xmhmw B kmlnXyimJ C¶pw Poht\msS \nÂ¡p¶XnsâImcWw.

hS¡³]m«pIsf {][m\ambpw aq¶p hn`mK§fmbn¯ncn¡mw. ]p¯qcwho«pImcpsSIY ]dbp¶ ]p¯qcw]m«pIÄ, Xt¨mfn¸m«pIÄ, Cu cp KW¯nepw s]Sm¯ HäsbmäIYIÄ. Chbv¡v hS¡³]m«pIÄ F¶ t]cv F§s\ h¶psh¶p hyàaÃ. D¯cae_mdnse]m«pIÄ F¶ AÀ°¯nÂ sX¡pÅhÀ hnfn¨mXmhmw. GXmbmepw Cu A`n[m\w XmcXtay\B[p\nIamWv. CXpt]mse tIcf¯nsâ sX¡³ PnÃIfnÂ {]Nmc¯nÅ ]m«pIsf(DZm:s]m¶nd¯mÄ IY, Cchn¡p«n¸nÅt¸mcv XpS§nbh) sX¡³ ]m«pIsf¶pwa[yXncphnXmwIqdnenÅ ]m«pIsf CS\mS³ ]m«pIsf¶pw hnfn¡p¶p.

hSs¡ae_mdnsâ BNmcm\pjvTm\§fpw ^yqUÂ`cW{Iahpw Btbm[\]mc¼cyhpwhnhn[ PmXnIÄ X½nepÅ _Ô§fpw AÔhnizmk§fpsaÃmw hS¡³]m«nÂ {]Xn^en¡p¶p.ZpÀ_eamb tI{µ`cWhpw \mS³ {]`p¡·mcpsS taÂt¡mbvabpamWv s]Xpth Iphcp¶Xv.I¿q¡pÅh³ Imcy¡mc³ F¶ AhØ. {]iv\§Ä tImSXntem cmPk`bntem h¨pXoÀ¡pIbÃ, A¯cw kanXnIfpsS A`mhwsImpIqSnbmhmw, ‘ASn¨p XoÀ¡pI’bmWp ]Xnhv.CXn\p ]e L«§fpw coXnIfpapv. tImgnt¸mcp \S¯n AXnÂ hnPbn¡p¶ tImgnsb‘kvt]m¬kÀ’ sN¿p¶bmÄ hnPbn¨Xmbn {]Jy]n¡¶ HcpXcw {]XoImßIamb bp²w HcpcoXn . ]cmXn¡mÀ t\cnt«äpap«n , cnsemcmÄ acn¡p¶Xphsc A¦wsh«m³{]bmkapÅhÀ¡pthn Iqen¡p ]Ssh«m³ X¿mdpÅ A`ymknIfpv AhcmWvA¦t¨Ih·mÀ. tImgnb¦¯n\p ]Icw Bf¦w. Pbn¡p¶ Bfnsâ ]£w XÀ¡¯nepwPbn¨Xmbn IcpXp¶ hnNn{X \oXn. tNmZn¡m\pw ]dbm\pw \m«nÂ BfnÃm¯XpsImv, IqSpXÂIcp¯³ {]amWnbmbn AwKoIcn¡s¸«p. Cu {]maWyw Bsc¦nepw AwKoIcn¡msX h¶mÂDS³ hmsfSp¡pw. \nÊmcamb XÀ¡§Ät]mepw hmÄ¯ebv¡emWp Iemin¡pI.

hmsagnbmbn \ne\n¶pt]m¶hbmWp \mS³¸m«pIÄ. hS¡³]m«pIfpw A§s\Xs¶.hnhmlw, Iyjn¸Wn XpS§nb Ahkc§fnÂ kv{XnIfmWo ]m«pIÄ ]mSmdv. Rmdp \Spt¼mÄ]mSp¶ ]m«ns\ ‘\m«n¸m«v’ F¶p hnhml¯n\v Idnbv¡cnbpt¼mÄ ]mSp¶ ]m«n\v Achp]m«vF¶pw ]dbp¶p. HcmÄ ]mSpw aäÅhÀ Gäp]mSpw. C§s\ ]mSn¸mSn XeapdIÄ ssIamdpt¼mÄ]gb ]e hcnIfpw \ãs¸s«¶pw ]pXnb hcnIÄ IS¶psh¶pw hcmw. Hcp ]pXnb IYXs¶cq]s¸«p sh¶phcmw. BÀ¡pw ]mSmhp¶ CuWamWnhbv¡pÅXv.

“amthen \mSphmWnSpw Imewam\pjscÃmcpsam¶pt]mse” F¶ amthen¸m« v hS¡³]m«nsâ

CuW¯nepÅXmWv. hS¡³]m«p {]Ncn¨ Zn¡nÂ¯s¶ cq]w sIm IyjvWKmYbpsShy¯coXn¡p hS¡³]m«pIfpambn _Ôapv.

“Bäpw aWtase D®nbmÀ¨DuWpw Ignªpd¡ambn.” CXmWtÃm hS¡³]m«nsâ coXn.



‘Bäpw aWt½se, Bäpw aWt½seBäpw aWt½se D®nbmÀ¨ .”

F¶m¡nbmÂ IrjvWKmYmcoXnbmbn. hS¡³]m«nsâ cphcnbnepw 10 A£cw hoXw.IrjvWKmYbnÂ 12, 10 F¶ hyXymkw am{Xw.

Xt¨mfn¸m«pIÄhSIcbv¡Sp¯ ]pXp¸Ww Awi¯nÂs¸« ta¸bnÂ tZi¯mWp Xt¨mfn amWnt¡m¯p

XdhmSv. B XdhmSpambn _Ôs¸« aq¶p XeapdbnÂs¸«hcpsS IYIfmWp Xt¨mfn¸m«pIfnse{]Xn]mZyw. Xt¨mfn¯dhm«nÂs¸« Ip¼ F¶ kv{Xnsb Iqtemw hmgp¶hÀ AYhm No\who«nÂX§Ä hnhmlw Ign¨p. AXnepmb ]p{X\mWp Xt¨mfn HmtX\³. ap¸¯ncp hbÊphscam{Xw Pohn¨ncp¶ HtX\s\¸än Hs«sd ]m«pIÄ \nehnepv. Hcp kw`hs¯¸än H¶ne[nIwBJym\§Ä Ds¶XmWv ckIcw. Nneh ]ckv]chncp²wt]mepam Imdpv. HtX\³]cnlmky\mbn Nn{XnIcn¡s¸Sp¶ IYIfpapv. hSIc `mK¯pmb IYIfnÂ HtX\³hoc]pcpj\mbn Nn{XoIcn¡s¸Spt¼mÄ aXneqÀ Kpcp¡fpsS \mSmb XetÈcnbnÂ HtX\s\]cnlkn¡p¶ IYIfpapv.

1585Â P\n¨v 32þmw hbÊnÂ acn¨psh¶p IcpXs¸Sp¶ HtX\³ XetÈcnbnseshÅ¡mcpambn Gäpap«p¶ IYIÄ hsc {]Nmc¯nepv. Ncn{Xbpànsbbpw AXnPohn¨v\mS³hmMvab§fnÂ Gsd¡mepw \mbIXzw hln¨p\n¶ IYm]m{XamWv HtX\³ F¶v CXpsXfnbn¡p¶p.

HtX\\pw HmW¸pShbpwHtX\³ HmW¸pSh hm§m³ t]mb IYsb¸än hyXykvX BJym\§fpv. Hcp IY

C{]ImcamWv. HmW¯n\p Ipfn¨p®m³ AÑsâ hoSmb No\who«nÂ t]mIWsa¶v HtX\³tPyjvTt\mSp ]dªp. t]mI F¶p tPyjvT³ ]dªp sh¦nepw HtX\³ Nm¸s\Iq«nt¸mhpIXs¶ sNbvXp.

B\¡gpt¯mfw Acnbpw Hcp ]pcbpsS Dbc¯nÂ appw AhnsS Iq«nbn«n«p h¶hÀ¡phnXcWw sN¿pIbmbncp¶p. HSphnÂ CS§gn Acnbpw Hcp appw am{Xw tijn¨p. AXvHtX\\p \ÂIn. HtX\³ AXp hens¨dnªp. hmgp¶hÀ¡p tIm]w h¶p. HtX\sâ A½bpsSt{]X¯nsâ ieyw ImcWw Xsâ `mcybv¡pw Ip«nIÄ¡pw `£WwIgn¨pIqSm¯\nebmsW¶bmÄ ]dªp. \Ã £Ww Ign¨p ioeanÃm¯hÀ¡v AXp Ign¨mÂIpg¸apmIpsa¶v HtX\³ Xncn¨Sn¨p. C§s\ kwkmcn¨p \nÂs¡, hmgp¶hcpsS mcybv¡pwa¡Ä¡pw t{]X_m[ XpS§n. HtX\³ Nncn¨p sImp ho«nte¡p aS§n.

asämcp IYbnÂ cp XdhmSpIfpw DÅ{XImew No\w ho«nÂ\n¶v Xt¨mfn¡mÀ¡vHmW¸pSh sImSp¯psImÅmsa¶v DS¼Sn sNbvXtijw ]pShbpambn HtX\³ aS§n F¶mWvImWp¶Xv. ]mTy- mK{]ImcapÅ IY C§s\ bmWv.

HtX\sâ A½bmb D¸m«n hntijs¸« B`cW§fpw ]«phkv{X§fp aWnªvtemI\mÀ¡mhnÂ sXmgm³ t]mbn. `KhXn apSnh¨nd§p¶ t\cambncp¶p AXv.kÀÆmwKkpµcnbmb D¸m«nsb KhXn Ip. Ahsf Xt¶mSp tNÀ¡Wsa¶v KhXn B{Kln¨p.D¸m«n tNmc OÀ±n¨p acn¨p. acWhmÀ¯bdnªv HtX\\pw tIma¡pdp¸pw t£{X¯nse¯n.A½bpsS ihw FSp¸n v Xt¨mfnta¸bnÂ Xdhm«nse¯n¨p. ihZml¯n\ptijw km[p¡Ä¡vA¶ hkv{XmZnIÄ Zm\w sNbvXp.

HmW¡meambt¸mÄ AÑ\mb No\who«nÂ X§sf¡v AhImiw hm§m³ HtX\³]pds¸«p. A½ acn¨tijw BZyambn t]mhpIbmWv. X§Ä tImembnÂ ¯s¶Ccn¡p¶pmbncp¶p. “HtX\mh¶hgn¡v Ccn¡q” AbmÄ ]dªp. “ht¶Sw t]mbn,acn¨pt]mbXm þ Rms\mät¡bpÅq” HtX\³ adp]Sn ]dªp. At¸mÄ “Nn¯nc¯qW”v Xsâho«nepv. AXn\mÂ ChnSps¯ XqWp ]nSnt¡ BhiyansÃ¶p HtX\³ adp]Sn ]dªp.



At¸mÄ ‘Ddpanbpw ]nSn¨ncn¡v F¶mbn X§Ä. Ddpan Ccn¡m\pÅXÃ¶pwI¿nÂ¸nSn¡v\pÅXmsW¶pambncp¶p HtX\sâ adp]Sn. (HtX\\pw X§fpw At\ym\ywhmIv¸bäp\S¯n F¶mWv Cu BJym\ ¯nsâ AÀ°w).

B\¡gpt¯mfw Acnbpw Hcp ]pcbpsS s]m¡¯nÂ XpWnbpw Iq«nbn«p hnXcWwsN¿pIbmbncp¶p. HtX\sâ Dugambt¸mÄ tijn¨Xp \m\mgn Acnbpw Hcp appw am{Xw.Acniw h¶ HtX\³ XpWn Iw Xpam¡n Nn¯nc¯qWnÂ sI«nh¨p. AcnhmcnFdnªpIfbpIbpw sNbvXp.

C{Xbpambt¸mÄ X§Ä¡p tIm]w h¶p. AbmÄ Aedn. “Xt¨mfn HtX\m FSm \mtb,\o F¶mSm C{X tIa\mbXv? Rm³ \nsâ A½sb kw_Ôw HgnªXn\ptijamWv AhÄtemI\mÀ¡mhnÂ h v tNmc OÀ±n¨p acn¨Xv. F¶n«pw ihw FSp¸n¨p adhp sNbvXXp Rm\tÃSm.\ob{X h¼\mbncps¶¦nÂ AXns\ms¡ Rm³ thWambncpt¶mSm. \nsâ A½sbDt]£n¨tijw Rm³ asämcp IÃymWw Ign¨p. AXnÂ A©mdpa¡fpw Dv. AhÄ¡pwAhfpsS a¡Ä¡pw Fs´¦nepw \Ã km[\§Ä sImSp¡m³ \nsâ A½ D¸m«n k½Xn¡ptam?AhfpsS t{]Xw _m[n¨pIgnªmÂ Blmcw Ign¡m³ IqSn AhÀ¡p km[n¡p¶nÃ. AXpsImvRm³ H¶p XoÀ¨bm¡nbncn¡p¶p. Ahsf a{´w P]n¨v Cf\oÀsXmnem¡n ISensednbm³t]mIp¶p. \nsâ h¼¯cw Rm³ H¶p ImWs«.” AXn\p adp]Snbmbn HtX\³ C§s\]dªp. “FSm No\who«nse s]cp¦Åm \o F´n\mSm Ifhp]dbp¶Xv. \nsâ XÅ OÀ±yXnkmcwh¶p N¯t¸mÄ Rm\pw Fsâ tPyjvT\pw IqSnbtÃ ]pebÀ¡p IÅp sImSp¯p IS¸pd¯psImpt]mbn Ipgn¨n«Xv? \o ]pebÀ¡p IÅpsImSp¯nÃ. km[p¡Ä¡p [À½¡ªnsImSp¡pI IqSn sNbvXnÃ.”

Cubhkc¯nÂ D¸m«nbpsS t{]Xw hmgp¶hcpsS `mcysbbpw a¡sfbpw _m[¡m³XpS§n. F§pw Aeapdbmbn. t{]Xw _m[n¨hÀ ho«nÂ\n¶nd§ntbmSn. hmgpt¶mÀ hÃsX`bs¸«pt]mbn. AbmÄ hoSp]q«nbn«v HmSnt¸mbn. CsXms¡ I HtX\\p Nncn h¶p. AbmÄkz´w ho«nte¡p aS§nt¸mcnIbpw sNbvXp.



samUypÄ 2kwL-Ime Ihn-X-IÄ

tNcþ-tNm-f-þ-]mWvUy cmPy-§Ä DÄs -«n-cp¶ {]mNo-\-X-an-g-I¯p cNn-¡-s¸« Xan-gnse BZy-ImeIrXn-I-sf-bmWv kwL-km-lnXyw F¶p s]mXpsh ]d-bp-¶-Xv.-AYhm Ct¸m-gs¯ tIc-fhpwXan-gv\mSpw IÀWm-S-I- n-sebpw B{Ô-bn-sebpw GXm\pw `mK-§fpw tNÀ¶v Hscmä Xan-gIw B-bn-cp¶ Ime¯v cNn-¡-s -«-h-bmWv Ch.I-hn-I-fpsS kaq-l-amWv kwLw. {]mNo-\-Im-e¯v aq¶pkwL-§Ä \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶Xmbn ImWp-¶p.BZys¯ kwL-am-bn-cp¶ apXÀ¨¦w (ap-XÂ kwLw)sX³ a[pc F¶ \K-c- nÂ Bbn-cp-¶p. 549 ]WvUn-X-·mÀ(]p-e-hÀ) Cu kwL- nÂ AwK-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. AI- nbw F¶ hymI-c-W-þ-km-lnXy e£-W-{K-Ù-am-bn-cp¶p Cu kwL- n\p {]am-W-am-bn-cp-¶-Xv.4440 hÀjw Cu kwLw \ne-\n-¶p-sh¶p ]d-b-s -Sp-¶p. Cu kwL- nsâ Ime- p-mb IrXn-IÄ H¶pw Ip-In-«n-bn-«n-Ã. F.Un H¼Xmw \qäm-nÂ Fgp-X-s¸« Cssd-b-\mÀ AI-s¸m-cpÄ F¶ kmln-Xy-e-£-W-{K-Ù- n\v \¡o-c³ Fgp-Xnb hymJym-\- n-emWv Cu kwL-t¯-¸än ]d-ªp-Im-Wp-¶-Xv. CssS- ¦w F¶mWp cmw kwLs¯ hnti-jn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. 59 ]WvUn-X·mÀ Cu kwL¯n-ep-m-bn-cp-¶p. Cu kwL- nsâ ]cntim[\bv¡v 3700 Ihn-IÄ cN-\-IÄkaÀ¸n¨n-cp-¶p.-A-I- n-bhpw sXmÂ¡m- n-bhpw Cu kwL- n\p {]am-W-{K-Ù-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p.aq¶mwkwL-amWv IssS- -¦w. 49 ]mWvUy cmPm-¡·mÀ IssS- -¦- n\p kwc-£Ww \ÂIn.1850 hÀj-¡mew kwLw \ne-\n-¶p.Cu aq¶mw kwLw ]cn-tim-[n¨v AwKo-I-cn- -h-bmWv kwL-km-lnXywF¶ t]cnÂ Ct¸mÄ Adn-b-s -Sp¶ 36 IrXn-IÄ. F.Un 100 apXÂ 350 hsc-bpÅ Ime- n-te-XmWvkwL-km-ln-Xy- nse {][m-\-Ir-Xn-IÄ.

kwL-§Ä cmP-k-Z-Êp-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.-A-Xnse AwK-§-fmb ]pe-h-·mÀ kz -ambn IrXn-IÄcNn- p.kwL- -e-I-bn-en-cp¶v(]o-Tw) AhÀ ka-Im-en-I-cmb aäp ]WvUn-X-·m-cpsS IrXn-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n¨v anI-th-dn-b-hsb ]pI-gv¯pI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp-Im-e¯v Xan-g-I- n-\p-m-bn-cp¶ kmwkvIm-cn-Im- n-hr-²n¡p sXfn-hmWv kwLw kmln-Xyw. ae-bmfw kzX-{ - m-j-bmbn cq]-s -Sp-¶-Xn\p ap¼mWvXan-g-I- nsâ ¢mkn-¡p-I-fmb kwLw IrXn-I-fpsS cN-\.-kw-L-Im-e-I-hn-I-fnÂ ]ecpw tIc-fo-b-cm-bn-cp-¶p. A¡m-e¯p tIc-f- n-sâbpw kmln-Xy- mj sN -an-gm-bn-cp-¶p.

kwLw IrXn-Isf s]mXp-hnÂ AIw Ihn-X-IÄ ]pdw-I-hn-X-IÄ F¶p cmbn hn`-Pn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. AIw Ihn-X-IÄ s]mXpsh Bß-]-c-§fpw ]pdw Ihn-X-IÄ hkvXp-]-c-§-fp-am-sW¶pkmam-\y-am-bn- -d-bmw. AIw Ihn-X-IÄ {]mtbW t{]a-I-hn-X-Ifpw ]pdw Ihn-X-IÄ hoc-N-cn-X-§-fp-am-Wv.-GXp Ime¯pw GXp tZi¯pw Bscbpw BIÀjn-¡p¶ kv{Xoþ-]p-cpj t{]a-amWv AIwIhnXbv¡p hnj-bw. {]tXy-I-Ø-e-§-fÃ, {]Ir-Xn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv Ahbv¡p ]Ým- -ew. F¶mÂ ]pdw Ihn-X-bpsS \ne CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-Wv.-cm-Pm-¡-·m-cpsS {]Xm-ss]-iz-cy-§fpwhotcXnlmk-§fpw ]S-\m-b-I·mcpsS arXnbpw Ihn-I-fpsS Zmcn-{Zy-hp-saÃmw ]pdw Ihn-Xbv¡pkzoIm-cy-amb hnj-b-§-fm-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS t]cp-Ifpw Øe-§-fp-saÃmw Ah-bnÂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-X-am-bn-cn¡pw.

AIw Ihn-X-IÄ

{]Xo-Im-ß-IX AIw Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. hnc-lw,- kw-tbm-Kw,- hn-hm-l-]qÀÆ-þ-hn-hm-lm-\- c t{]aw F¶n-h-sbms¡ Ah-X-cn- n-¡m³ AIw IhnX {]tXy-I-cw-K-§Ä ]Ým- -e-ambn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p. Øe-§sf apssÃ, Ipdn-©n, acp-Xw, s\bvXÂ, ]msse F¶n-§s\ hn`-Pn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. Hmtcm Øe- n\pw AXn-tâ-Xmb Hcp tZh-Xbpw B Øe- nsâ kz`mhw kqNn- n-¡p¶ Hcp ]pjv]hpw Dmbncn¡pw. t{]a- nsâ khn-ti-j-amb GsX-¦nepw Hcp mhs¯ Hmtcm]pjv]hpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶p. Hmtcm {]tZ-i- n\pw khn-ti-j-amb Imem-h-Ø-bp-ap-v.

kwL-Ir-Xn-I-fmbn 2381 Imhy-§-fmWp Ip-In-«nbn-«p-ÅXv. Ch-bnÂ 1862 F®w AIw hn`m-



K- nÂs¸Sp-¶p. t]cnÂ AIw F¶ ap{Z tNÀ¶n-«p-ÅXv AI-\m-\q-dnÂ am{X-am-Wv. F¦nepw Xmsg-s¡m-Sp- n-cn-¡p-¶-h-sbÃmw AIw Ihn-X-I-fm-Wv.

AI-\m-\qdv þ400

\än-ssWþ 400

Ipdps´mssI þ 401

sF¦p-dp-\qdv þ 500

Ien-s¯mssI þ 149

]cn-]m-SÂ þ 8

]¯p- m«v þ 4

AI-\m-\q-dnse Ihn-X-IÄ kam-l-cn- Xv Dcp- n-c-N-½³(cp{Z iÀ½) BsW¶p Icp-Xp-¶p. Ihn-X-I-fpsS sXc-sª-Sp¸pw {Ia-h-XvI-c-Whpw Akm-[m-cWXc- n-ep-Å-Xm-Wv. Ihn-Xbv¡p {]tXyIioÀj-I-§-fn-Ã. {]IrXnZriy-a-\p-k-cn- pÅ kmt¦-Xn-I-\maw BWv Xe-s¡-«mbn sImSp- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

]msseþ H¶n-S-hn«v Hä-kwJy hcp¶ Ihn-X-IÄ

s\bvXÂ þ ]¯p-IÄ (10,20,30...)

apssÃ þ 4 tNÀ¶p hcp-¶h

Ipdn©n þ 2, 8 F¶n-h-bnÂ Fh-km-\n-¡p-¶h

acpXw þ 6 Â Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶h

an¡ `mj-I-fn-sebpw ¢mknIv IrXn-IÄ aX-]-c-amb {]tab§Ä ssIImcyw sN¿p-t¼mÄ Xangv¢mkn-¡p-IÄ atX-X-c-hn-j-b-§-fmWp ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xv. AI-s]m-cp-fnÂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-X-am-bncn-

¡p¶ t{]a- nsâ cq]-t -Z-§sf \mb-I\p \mbn-I-tbm-SpÅ _Ô- nsâ ASn-Øm-\- nÂ C§s\hn -Pn-¡p-¶p.

1.kwt`mKw(]p-WÀXÂ)

2.-hn-{]-ew- w(-]n-cn-XÂ)

3.Im¯n-cn-¡Â(-C-cp- Â)

4.-hn-em]w (C-c-¦Â)

5.-{]-W-b-I-elw (DuSÂ)

6.- ssI-¡nssf (G-I-]-£o-bw )

7.- s]cp- n-ssW (_-emÂ¡m-cw)

hnhm-l- n\p apt¶-bpÅ t{]as¯ Ifhv F¶pw hnhm-lm-\- -c-ap-Å-Xns\ IÀ¸v F¶pw ]d-bp-¶p. t{]a- nsâ {]t -Z-§Ä¡p ]Ým- -e-am-Ip¶ q{]-tZ-is¯ Ipdn-©n, apÃ, acp-Xw, s\bvXÂ,]me F¶o t]cp-I-fpÅ A©p XnW-I-fmbn hn`-Pn- n-«p-ÅXv Xangv kmln-Xy-k-t¦-X- nsâ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. aebpw ae-tbmSp tNÀ¶pÅ Øe-hp-amWv Ipdn-©n-\n-ew. \mbnIm \mb-I-·mÀ¡vA\p-cm-tKm-Z-b-ap-m-Ip-¶Xv Ipdn-©n-\n-e¯p h¨m-Wv. kwt`m-K-irw-Kmcw Ipdn-©n- n-ssW-bn-emWvImWp-¶-Xv. ImSpw ImSp-tNÀ¶ CS-hp-amWv apssÃ \new. `À¯m-¡-·msc ]ncnª \mbn-I-amÀAhsc Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. hbepw hbÂtNÀ¶ CS-hp-amWv acp-X-\n-e¯nÂ kv{XoIÄthiym-k-à-cmb `À¯m-¡-·m-cp-ambn Ie-ln-¡p-¶p. ISÂ¡-c-bmWp s\bvXÂ \new. hnc-ln-Wn-bmb \mbnI X\n- n-cp¶p hne-]n-¡p-¶Xv ChnsS Ccp-¶m-Wv. hcp aWÂ¡m-Sm-bn- oÀ¶ {]tZ-i-amWv ]me \new. ChnsS hnc-ls¯ HmÀ¯v \mbn-I-amÀ ]pe-¼p-¶p. C¯cw kt¦-X-§sftemI-hy-h-lm-c- nÂ(De-In-bÂ hg-¡v) \n¶p hyXy-kvX-ambn \mS-I-h-g¡v F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. kwL-



km-ln-Xy- nÂ De-In-bÂ hg-¡n-t\-¡mÄ {]m[m\yw an¡-t¸mgpw \mS-I-h-g-¡n-\m-Wv.Hmtcm XnW-bp-sSbpw ]Xn-t\gp LS-I-§Ä (s]m-cp-fp-IÄ)e£-W-{K-Ù-§-fnÂ shtÆsd \nÀt±-in-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p. A©v hyXykvX `q{]-tZ-i-§-sfbpw Ahbv¡v Hmtcm-¶n\pw Iev]n-¡-s¸« hyh-lm-c-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sfbpw s]mXpsh XnW F¶ hm¡v Ipdn-¡p-¶p.

]pdw Ihn-X-IÄ

[À½mÀ° Ima-tam-£-§sf ]c-a-]p-cp-jmÀ°-§-fmbn Xan-gcpw AwKo-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶p.-[À½w,AÀ°w,-Imaw,tam£w F¶n-h-bnÂ Imaw AI-s¸m-cp-fnepw aäp-Åh aq¶pw ]pd-s¸m-cp-fnepw{]Xn-]m-Zn-¡-s -Sp-¶p.bp²-ho-cw,-Z-bm-ho-cw, Zm\-ho-cw, [À½-hocw F¶n-h-bmWv ]pd-s¸m-cp-fnÂ AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ggp XnssW-IÄ Cu s]mcp-fn-\p-v. shSvNn, h©n, Dgn-ssR, Xpss¼, hmssI,Im©n, ]mSm¬ F¶n-h-bm-W-h. ac-§-fp-sSbpw sNSn-I-fp-sSbpw t]cp-IÄ Xs¶-bmWv Cu XnW-IÄ¡pw.-Xn-W-IÄ Hmtcm-¶n\pw ]e Xpd-IÄ(-k-µÀ`-§Ä) \nÀt±-in-¡-s¸-«n-«p-v. shSvNn- n-W-bnÂ i{Xp-cm-Pm-hnsâ ]ip-¡sf A]-l-cn-¡p-I,-Nm-c-{]-hÀ¯\w, i{Xp-hnsâ \miw, hoc-kvXpXnXpS-§n-bh hÀWn-¡p-¶p. \mSp sh«n- n-Sn-¡m-\pÅ icn-bmb bp²-amWv h©n- n-W-bpsS hÀ®-\m-hn-j-bw. i{Xp-cm-Pm-hnsâ tIm« hf-ªp-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-XmWv Dgn-ssR- n-W-bnse {]Xn-]m-Zyw. tIm«-bn-Ãm¯ ]c¶ ssaXm-\¯p h¨pÅ bp²w Xpss¼- n-W-bnÂ hÀWn-¡p-¶p. hmssI- n-W-bnÂ{_mÒ-WÀ, Xm]-k-·mÀ XpS-§n-b-h-cpsS [À½ acym-Z-IÄ hÀWn-¡-s -Sp-¶p. Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ \iz-cX Im©n¯nW-bnepw tZh-kvXp-Xnbpw cmP-kvXp-Xnbpw ]mSm¬ XnW-bnepw {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡-s -Sp-¶p. _mly-kw- -h-§-fpsS hÀ®-\-I-fmWv ]pdw-IhnX-I-fn-seÃmw ImWp-¶-Xv.

F«p-s¯mssI

Häs¸« sNdnb `mh-Ko-X-§-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv F«p-s¯m-ssI.-sXmssI F¶ hm¡n\v kam-lmcw F¶mWv AÀ°w.-F«p sXmssI-IÄ Ch-bm-Wv.

1.-\-änssW

2.-Ip-dps´mssI

3.-sF-¦p-dp-\qdv

4.-]-Xn-äp- v

5.-]-cn-]m-SÂ

6.-I-en-s¯mssI

7.-A-I-\m-\qdv

8.]pd\m\qdv

Ch-bnÂ \-änssW, Ip-dps´mssI, sF-¦p-dp-\qdv, I-en-s¯mssI, A-I-\m-\qdv F¶o A©p kam-lm-c-§-fnepw AI-s¸m-cpÄ kw_-Ôn¨ Ihn-X-bm-Wp-Å-Xv. ]pd\m\qdv, ]-Xn-äp- ¯v F¶n-h-bnÂ]pd-s¸m-cpÄ {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡-s -Sp-¶p. ]cn-]m-SÂ F¶ kam-lm-c- nÂ cp s]mcp-fp-Ifpw kw_-Ôn¨ Ihn-X-IÄ ImWp-¶p.

s]mXp-k-hn-ti-j-X-IÄ

kwkvIrXkmln-Xy- n-sâ kzm[o\w Cu IrXn-I-fnÂ hyà-ambn ImWmw.-F-¦nepw kwkvIr-X- nÂ\n¶p `n¶-amb Hcp `mc-Xo-b-km-ln-Xy-]m-c-¼cyw Ch-bnÂ \nd-ªp-\nÂ¡p-¶p. irwKm-c-hÀW\ kwkvIr-X- nÂ\n¶p hyXy-kvXhpw XnI¨pw auen-I-hp-am-Wv. ]e-Xcw hkv{Xm- -c-W-§-sf-

-änbpw AwK-cm-K-§-sf¸änbpw ]d-bp-s¶-¦nepw \mbn-I-bpsS AwK-{]-XywK hÀW\ Ch-bn-en-Ã.irwKm-c- nsâ _mlyhpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb hi-t¯-¡mÄ {]m[m\yw B -chpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb hi- n-\m-Wv. thiy-IÄ acp-X- n-W-bpsS Ahn- m-Py-L-S-I-am-Wv. ]t£ k`y-X-bpsS koaewLn-¡p¶ Hcp hÀW-\bpw Cu XnW-bnÂ t]mepw CÃ. {]Y-am-\p-cm-Kw, Hfn-t¨m«w, k]-Xv\o-a-Õcw F¶nh hÀWn-¡p-t¼mgpw \mbn-I-am-cpsS AS-¡hpw HXp-¡hpw [À½-t_m-[hpw Ihn-IÄshfn-s -Sp- p-¶p.

AXnk-¼-¶-amb Hcp kky-þ-P´p PohnXw Cu {]W-b-I-Y-I-fpsS ]Ým- -e-¯n-ep-v.



XnssW-IÄ `mhm-hn-jvI-c-W- n\v Gähpw Dt¯-P-I-am-Wv. taL-k-tµ-is¯ A\p-kva-cn- n-¡p¶DPz-e-amb hÀj-Im-e-hÀW-\-IÄ Cu IrXn-I-fnÂ ImWmw. F.-Un.-B-Zn-i-X-I-§-fnÂ Xan-g-I¯p\ne-\n¶ kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjv{So-b-hp-amb PohnXw kwL-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ kPo-h-ambn {]Xn- -en-¡p-¶p.bp²-hÀW-\-I-fnÂ AXn-i-tbmàn ImWm-\m-hp-sa-¦nepw Xan-g-I- nsâ hoc-I-Y-IÄ [mcm-f-ambnCh-bn-ep-v. bp²-§-fnÂ ]S-bm-fn-IÄ¡p t{]mÕm-l\w \evInb Ihn-I-sfbpw cmÚn-I-sfbpw\man-XnÂ Ip-ap-«p¶p.tI-c-f- nse BZn-tN-c-·mcpsS Ncn{Xw Gsd-¡psd hyà-ambn ]Xn-äp- -¯nÂ \n¶p {Kln-¡mw. IqSmsX ]¯p- m«v, sF¦p-dp-\qdv F¶n-hbpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]m[m\yaÀln-¡p-¶p. kwL-Ir-Xn-I-fnse ]g- -angv AXy´w kwt£-]-W-i-àn-bp-Å-Xm-sW¶p ]WvUn-X-·mÀNqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p.

]m«p-{]-Øm\w

aebmfkmln-Xy- nsâ BZy-ImeNcn{Xw AhyàtcJ-bmbn kmlnXyNcn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ¡pap¶nÂAh-ti-jn-¡p-¶p.{InkvXz_vZw 12-þmw iX-I- n\p ap³]v tIcf `mjm kmlnXyw AYhmae-bmf kmlnXyw F¶p hyà-ambn¸d-bm-hp¶ Hcp kmlnXy k¼¯p \ap-¡p-m-bn-cp-¶-Xm-bn-Im-Wp-¶n-Ã. 12-þmw \qäm-n\p ap³]pw ]n³]pw tIc-fob Ihn-IÄ kwkvIrX `mj-bnÂ cN-\-IÄ\S- n-bn-«p-v. H³]Xmw \qämphsc sN -angp kmln-Xy- n\p I\-s¸« kw`m-h-\-IÄ \evInbIhn-IÄ ChnsS Pohn- n-cp-¶p. H³]Xmw iX-I- n\pw ]{´mw iX-I- n\pw at[y-bpÅ Ime-L-«- nÂ sN -angp kmln-Xy- nÂ \n¶p n¶hpw tIc-f- n-tâ-sX¶p ]d-bm-hp-¶-Xp-amb Hcp kzX{´kmlnXyw ChnsS DZbw sNbvX-Xmbn Ncn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ Icp-Xp-¶p. Cu kmlnXyw \ap-¡n-¶-dn-hpÅ{]mNo\ ae-bmf kmln-Xy- nÂ \n¶v Gsd-sbm¶pw hyXy-kvXa-Ãm¯ Hcp a[y-hÀ¯n `mj-bn-em-bn-cp¶p cNn- n-cp-¶-Xv. ae-bmf kmlnXyw F¶p hyh-l-cn-¡m-hp¶ coXn-bn-epÅ IrXn-IÄ cNn-¡-s -«-Xv ]{´mw \qäm-n\p tij-am-sW-¶Xv Cs¶-Ãm-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.

KZyw, ]Zyw F¶o cp imJ-I-fm-bn-«mWv ae-bmf kmlnXyw DZv`-hn- Xpw hfÀ¶Xpw. Ch-bnÂ]Zy-im-J-bv¡m-bn-cp¶p {]Ya Øm\w. AXv ]m«v, aWn-{]-hm-fw, \mS³]m-«p-IÄ F¶n-§s\ aq¶pkc-Wn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv hnImkw {]m]n- -Xv. tIcf `mjm ]Z-§-fp-sSbpw hn`-ày´ kwkvIrX ]Z-§-fp-sSbpw klr-Zb lrZ-bm-Ëm-Z-Im-cn-bmb taf-\-amWv aWn-{]-hm-fw. Xmf-{]-[m\hpw hmsam-gn-bmbn ]IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp-¡-s -«-Xp-amWv \mS³]m-«p-IÄ. P\-§Ä¡p-thn P\-§-fmÂ Dm-¡-s¸«P\-§-fpsS ]m«p-I-sf¶v \mS³ ]m«p-Isf Fkv. Kp]vX³ \mbÀ hnti-jn- n-¡p-¶p. {KmaoW P\-X-bpsS kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Ifpw kmwkvIm-cnI¯\n-abpw \mS³]m«p-I-fnÂ {]Xn- -en-¡p-¶p. IrXy-amb Ime-K-W\ Akm[yamb Ch {]Nmcw In«n hf-sc-¡m-e-§Ä¡p tij-am-bn-cn-¡Ww hc-samgncq]- n-em-b-Xv.

\nbXamb e£-W-t¯m-Sp-IqSnb kmlnXy IrXn-I-fmWv ]m«p {]Øm-\- nÂ A´À`-hn- ncn¡p-¶-Xv. ]mSp-¶-sXÃmw ]m«v F¶ coXn-bn-e-Ãm "]m«v' F¶ t]cv {]N-cn- -Xv. "]mSp¶-XmWp ]m«v. ]t£]mSp-¶-sXÃmw ]m«Ã'. aWn-{]-hmf e£W {KÙ-amb eoemXne-I- nÂ e£-W-\nÀÆ-N\w sN¿-s -«n-cn-¡p¶ hn[- nÂ cq]-s -Sp-Ibpw {]Øm-\-ambn hnI-kn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv

"]m«p {]Øm-\w' F¶ kwÚ sImv Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv.

]m«v þ cq]hpw e£-Whpw

ae-bm-f- nse BZys¯ kmlnXy {]Øm-\-amWv ]m«v.

""{ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_²w

FXp-I-tam\ hr¯ hnijbpàw ]m«v'' F¶mWv eoemXne-I-Im-c-³ ]m«n\p \evIp¶ \nÀÆ-N-\w. FXp-Ibpw tam\bpw Xangp coXn-¡pÅ i_vZm-e-¦m-c-§-fm-Wv. FXpItbmSpw tam\-tbmSpwIqSn {Zan-U-kw-Lm-X- nse A£-c-§Ä sImv hr¯hn-ti-j- nÂ cNn- n-«pÅ Imhy-amWv ]m«vF¶mWv eoem-Xn-e-I-kq-{X- nsâ kmcw.-kÀtÆjz]n]m-tZjp ZznXo-bm-£-ckmayw FXpIx bx ]mZm-\p-{]mk CXyp-NytX F¶v FXp-Ibv¡v hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.-FÃm ]mZ-§-fn-tebpw



(Cu-c-Sn-I-fn-te-bpw) cm-a-£cw kZriambn hcp¶ -ZznXo-bm-£-c{]m-k-sa¶v FXp-Isb ]d-bm-sa-¦nepw Hcp ]m«nse \mep ]mZ- n-sebpw {]Y-am-£-c-§Ä¡v am{X H¯p hcWw F¶ \n_-Ô-\-IqSn ]m«nse FXp-I-bv¡p-v. FXp-I-bnÂ kzc-hy-RvP-\-§Ä¡v sFI-cq]yw thW-sa¶p \nÀº-Ô-an-Ã.

tam\ ]mZmÀ[mZn {]mk-am-Wv. ]mZm-Zy-£-tcW ]mZ-Zzn-Xo-b- m-Km-£-cky kmayw tam\x F¶mWvtam\bv¡v eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-csâ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww.-Xm-c-X-tay\ ZoÀL-hr- -§-fnÂ cNn-¡-s -Sp¶ ]m«p-I-fnse Hmtcm ]mZhpw {]I-S-ambpw cv AÀ²-§-fmbn¯ncn-bm-dp-v.-C-XnÂ {]Y-amÀ²-¯nsâBZy-£-chpw ZznXo-bmÀ²-¯nsâ BZy-£-chpw kam-\-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv tam\.Xan-gn-se-t¸mse¯s¶ `mj-bnse ]m«nepw A, B, sF, Hu F¶n-hbv¡pw C, Cu, F, G F¶n-hbv¡pwD, Du, H, Hm F¶n-hbv¡pw N, X§Ä¡pw R, \§Ä¡pw a, h§Ä¡pw ]c-kv]cw tam\-bm-Imw.Htc A£-c- nsâ bm{´n-I-amb BhÀ¯-\-aÃ, kam-\m-£-c-{]-Xo-Xn-bmWnhnsS {][m-\w.

]m«v {ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_²-am-bn-cn-¡Ww. CXp Xan-g-cp-sSbpw ae-bm-fn-I-fp-sSbpw amXr-Im-£-c-am-e-bm-Wv. ]{´p kzc-§fpw ]Xn-s\«p hyRvP-\-§fpw (J-chpw A\p-\m-kn-Ihpw tNÀ¶v]¯p hyRvP-\-§fpw F«v a[y-a-§-fpw) DÄs¸sS ap -X-£-c-apÅ {ZanU kwLm-X-]m-T- nÂ kwkvIr-X-¯nse E, \p kzc-§fpw AXn-J-cw, arZp, tLmjw, Dujvam-¡Ä, tLmjn F¶n-hbpanÃ.kwkvIrX]Z-§Ä ]m«nÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-dp-v. hn`-ày- -am-tbm, XÕ-a-amtbm kwkvIrX]Z-§ÄD]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah Xangv A£-c-am-e-bnse A£-c-§Ä am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-s -gp-Xm-hp-¶hbmbn-

cn-¡-Ww. A§-s\-b-Ãm- -t¸mÄ hÀ®-§Ä¡p amäw hcp¯n XÛh-amtb D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hq. tIcf`mj-bnse ]m«p-I-fnÂ eoemXne-I-Im-c³ Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡m¯ "A´m-Zn-{]mkw' F¶ {]tXy-I-X-IqSn ImWp-¶p. Hcp ]m«nsâ A´y- n-epÅ ]Zw sImtm ]Z-§ÄsImtm ASp¯ ]m«v Bcw-`n-¡p-I-sb-¶-XmWv CXp-sIm-p-t±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. aWn-{]-hm-f- nÂ {]kn-²-amb hk- -Xn-e-ImZn hr -§-fnÂ \n¶p `n¶-amb hr¯-§-fn-em-bn-cn-¡Ww ]m«p-IÄ \nÀan-t¡--Xv.-kw-kvIr-X-hr- -§-sfm-gn-hm¡n {Zmhn-U-hr- -§Ä am{Xw kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶p kmcw.-I-hn-X-bnÂ {Zmhn-U-hr- -§tf D]-tbm-Kn-¡mhq F¶ \njvIÀj Imhym-\p- -h-km-c- nsâ {Zmhn-U-Xz- n-emWv Du¶p-¶-sX¶pw hr -hn-ti-j-bpàw F¶-Xn\v {Zmhn-U-Po-hn-Xm-\p- -h-km-c-bpàw F¶v hni-Zo-I-cWw \ÂIm-\m-hp-sa¶pw\nco-£n-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p(-F-kv.-cm-P-ti-J-c³,-]m«p{]Øm-\w-þ-{]-Xn-tcm-[hpw ka-\z-b-hpw). C{]-Imcw\nb-a-§Ä ]men¨p ]m«p-IÄ \nÀ½n- n-cp¶ Ime¯p Xs¶ CXn\p kam- -c-sa-t¶mWw kwkvIrXhr¯- nÂ aWn-{]-hmf IrXn-Ifpw X\n \mS³ hr¯-§-fnÂ \mS³ ]m«p-Ifpw cNn-¡-s -«n-cp-¶p.tIcf `mj-bnse ]m«v sN -angp kmlnXy ]mc-¼-cy-am-Wv, DÄs¡m-Åp-¶-sX-¶mWv CXp ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv. "]mWvUy`mjm kmcq]yw _mlp-tey\ ]m«nÂ tIcf`mjbmw `hXn' F¶v eoemXne-I-Im-c³ ]d-bp-hm³ Imc-Whpw CXm-Wv.

ae-bm-f- nse ]m«p kmlnXyw cN-\m-]-c-amb Imcy-§-fnÂ {ZmhnU¯\na Zo£n-¡m³ bXv\n-¡p-Ibpw Imhyhnj-b- nsâ Imcy- nÂ Btcy-Xn-hr- -§-fnÂ X«n- -S-ªp-\n-ev¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-XmWv s]mXpth ImWp-¶-Xv. kwL-km-ln-Xy- nse hoc-c-k-{]-[m-\-amb ]pdw Ihn-X-I-tfmSvtIc-f- nse ]m«p Imhy-§Ä¡v B`n-apJyw ImWp-¶p. F¶mÂ ]c-a-{]m-[m\yw AXn-\-Ã,`àn¡pXs¶-bm-Wv.-A-\p-hm-N-I-cnÂ àn- m-h-ap-WÀ¯n Ahsc Bßo-b-X-bn-te¡p \bn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶ps]mXpsh ]m«p-I-hn-I-fpsS e£yw.

\½psS ]m«p{]Øm-\- nsâ hfÀ -bnÂ hyà-ambpw aq¶p L«-§Ä ImWm-\mhpw.

1. cma-N-cn-Xw, Xncp-\n-gÂ ame F¶nh DÄs¡m-Åp¶ H¶mw L«w.

2. \ncWw IrXn-Ifpw cma-I-Y- m«pw DÄs¡m-Åp-¶ cmw L«w.

3. ]m«n\v eoemXne-I-Im-c³ \ÂIp¶ e£-W-§-fnÂ \n¶pw GXmv ]qÀ®-ambpw hyXn-N-en- p-sImpXs¶ "]m«v' F¶ t]cnÂ Adn-b-s -Sp¶ IrjvW- m-«v, Infn- m-«v, h©n- m-«v, XpÅÂ¸m«v



F¶nh DÄs -Sp-¶- aq¶mw L«w.

aq¶mw L«- nse IrXn-Isf "]m«p {]Øm-\'- nÂs¸Sp- p-¶-Xn-s\- än `n¶-m`n-{]m-b-§-fp-s-¦nepw]m«n\p Imtem-Nn-X-ambn h¶p-tNÀ¶ ]cn-jvIm-c-§-fpsS `mK-am-bn- CXns\ Icp-Xp-I-bmhpw bpàw.

cma-N-cnXw

tIc-f- m-j-bn-se-gp-Xnb BZys¯ ]m«p-Im-hy-am-bmWv cma-N-cnXw Icp-X-s -«n-cp-¶-Xv.-F-¶mÂ Fw.-Fw.-]p-cp-tjm- -a³ \mbÀ Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-sb¶ IrXn Is-Sp¯v {]kn-²o-I-cn- -tXmsS B [mc-Wbv¡v Cf¡w X«n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.cma-N-cn-X- nsâ Imew ]Xn-\memw \qäm-s¶ [mcWsb AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ ]£w Xncp-\n-gÂam-e- AXnepw apt¶ cNn-¡-s -«n-«pÅ IrXn-bm-sW-¶Xpw AwKo-I-cn-t¡n hcpw.Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bpsS Imew ]Xn-aq¶mw \qäm-nsâ Ah-km-\-sa-¶-mWv Ct¸mÄ\nÀW-bn-¡-s -«n-«p-Å-Xv.-F- m-bmepw ]m«n\p eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ \nÀtZ-in-¡p¶ e£-W-§Ä ]qÀW-ambpw s]mcp- -s -Sp¶ IrXn-I-fmWv cma-N-cn-Xhpw Xncp-\n-gÂam-ebpw. ]m«p{]Øm-\- nsâ H¶mwL«s¯bmWv cp IrXn-Ifpw {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶-Xv.

hmevaoIo cmam-b-W- nse bp²-ImWvUamWv cma-N-cn-X- nse {][m\ {]Xn-]m-Zyw. bp²-hÀ®-\- n\v Ihn AanX {]m[m\yw \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. àn-kw-hÀ[-\-amWv Ihn-bpsS e£yw. cma-N-cn-X-¯nse HSp-hn-es¯ ]m«nÂ Ihn CXp hyà-am-¡p-¶p-v. bp²-Im-WvU-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-sX-¦nepw CX-c-Im-WvU-§-fnse kw -h-§Ä Nne IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS hmIy- n-eqsS kqNn- n-¡m\pw aqe-¯n-en-Ãm¯ Nne amä-§Ä hcp- m\pw Ihn {i²n- n-«p-v . "{ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_²-sa-XpItam\ hr¯ hntij bpàw ]m«v' F¶ eoemXneI \nÀÆ-N\w ]qÀ®-ambpw A\p-k-cn-¡p¶ e£-W-sam¯ ]m«p IrXn-bmbn cma-N-cnXw Adn-b-s -Sp-¶p. 164 ]Se-§fpw 1814 ]m«p-I-fp-apÅ Cu IrXn-bnÂ Hmtcm ]S-e- nepw ]Xn-s\m¶v ]m«p-IÄ hoXw ImWp-¶p.

Ihn, tZiw, Imew.

cma-N-cn-X-Im-csâ t]cv Nocm-a-s\-¶m-sW¶p Imhym-h-km\¯nse ]m«nÂ \n¶p a\-Ên-em-¡mw.{iocm-a³ F¶-Xnsâ `mjo-IrX cq]-amWv Nocm-a³. Cu Nocm-a³ Bcm-sW-¶-Xn-s\- än Ht«sdNÀ -IÄ \S¶p Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.Iev]n- p-m-¡nb cma-N-cnXw F¶ {]tbmKw IW-¡n-se-Sp¯vHcp Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ cmPm-hmWv cma-N-cn-X-Im-cs\¶v tImhp®n s\Sp-§m-Sn- A`n-{]m-b-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p.Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqdnÂ sIm.-h.500 \Sp¯v `cWw \S- nb cmPm-hmWp {KÙ-Im-c-s\¶v KpÀ«pwIcp-Xp-¶p.-B-Zn-Xy-hÀa alm-cm-Pm-sh¶v ]n.-tKm-hn-µ-]n-Å.-Nn-d-hmbn cma-hÀa aq¯ Xncp-h-Sn-bmWvNocm-a-s\¶v BäqÀ.-X-]-Xo-kw-h-c-W- nsâ hymJym-Xm-hmb inh-cm-a-\mWp Nocm-a-s\¶pw AbmÄXs¶-bmWp cma-N-cn-X-Im-cs\¶pw BÀ.-\m-cm-b-W- -Wn-¡À A`n-{]m-b-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p. thWmSp `cn-¨n-cp¶ Hcp cma-hÀ½-bmWv cma-N-cnXIÀ¯mhv F¶mWv alm-Ihn DÅq-cnsâ A`n-{]m-bw. IrXn-bnse Xangv `mjmkzm[o\w ]e `mjm]WvUn-X-·m-scbpw C§s\ Nn´n-¡m³ t{]cn- n- p. {KÙ-¯nsâ XpS-¡- nepw HSp-¡- nepw {io ]ß-\m- -s\-¡p-dn¨p kqNn- n- Xv Cu [mc-Wsb _e-s -Sp- n. F¶mÂ cma-N-cnXw Z£nW tIc-fo-b³ cNn- -Xm-sW¶ hmZw, ]pXnb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\- nÂ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶-X-Ã. D¯-c-tI-c-fo-b-\mb Ihn-bmWv Nocm-a³ F¶-XmWv C¶v ]cs¡AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nnd-bv¡Â Sn. _me-Ir-jvW³\m-bÀ, ]n.-hn. IrjvW³ \mbÀ, Fw.-Fw.]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mbÀ F¶n-h-cmWv cma-N-cn-X- nsâ {] -h-Øm\w hS-¡³ tIc-f-ambncn¡m-\mWvkm²y-X-sb¶v hyà-am-¡n-b-Xv. CXn-\m-[m-c-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ Ch-bm-Wv.

1. D¯-ctIc-fo-b-cpsS IrXn-I-fn-emWv v cma-N-cn-X¯nsâ kzm[o\w ImWp-¶-Xv.

2. cma-N-cn-X- nsâ Xmfn-tbme ]IÀ¸p-IÄ A[n-Ihpw hSt¡ ae-_m-dnÂ \n¶mWv Is-Sp- n-«p-Å-Xv.

3. cma-N-cnXw B²ym-ßnI {KÙ-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ D -c-tI-c-f- nse aWn-bmWn\mb-·mÀ hntijZnh-k-§-fnÂ ]mcm-bWw sN¿m-dp-m-bn-cp-¶p.

4. \tS (ap-t¼), C¶pw (C-\n-bpw), \n¶ (\n-s¶), NmSpI (F-dn-bp-I) XpS§n cma-N-cn-X-Im-c³ D]-tbm-



Kn- n-«pÅ ]e `mjm]Z-§fpw C¶pw hSt¡ ae-_m-dnse kw`m-jW`mj-bnÂ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p.

5.cma-N-cn-X- nse {io ]ß\m` {]kvXmhw hSs¡ ae-_m-dnse Ip¼-f-bv¡-Sp- pÅ A\- -i-b\t£{X- nse {]Xn-jvT-bmb {io ]ß-\m- s\ A\p-kva-cn- m-bn-cn-¡pw.

cma-N-cnX IÀ¯m-hn-s\-t¸m-se-Xs¶ Cu IrXn-bpsS Imehpw hnhmZ hnj-b-am-Wv. {InkvXz_vZw]{´mw iX-I- ntem AXn\p ap³t]m hnc-Nn-X-amb IrXn-bmWv cma-N-cnXw F¶m-bn-cp¶p A[nIw]WvUn-X-·mcpw hniz-kn- n-cp-¶-Xv. F.-BÀ. cmP-cmPhÀ½bpw Cf-wIp-fhpw BÀ. \mcm-b-W- -Wn-¡cpw ]Xn-¶memw \qäm-n-ep-mb IrXn-bm-bn-«mWv cma-N-cn-Xs¯ I-Xv. ]pXp-tÈcn cma-N-{µ\pwFw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mbcpw cma-N-cn-X- nsâ Imew ]Xn-¶memw \qäm-nsâ D¯-cm-À²-am-sW¶ A`n-{]m-b-¡m-cm-Wv. B`y- -c-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ h¨p-sImv I¼cmam-b-W- n\p tij-amWvcma-N-cnXw Fgp-X-s -«Xv F¶v Dd- n¨p ]d-bm³ km[n-¡pw. cma-N-cn-X-Im-c³ I¼sc Ht«sd `mK-§-fnÂ A\p-I-cn¨n«pv. I¼-cpsS amÀ¤w ]n´p-SÀ¶v kwÚm\ma-§sf kwkvIr-X- nÂ \n¶phnhÀ¯\w sN¿p¶ coXnbpw cma-N-cn-X-Im-c³ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p. \ncWw Ihn-IÄ cma-N-cn-X-Im-cs\[mcmfw D]-Po-hn-¡p-¶p-v. AXn-\mÂ, cma-N-cn-X-Imew \ncWw Ihn-IÄ¡p ap³]pw I¼À¡ptij-hp-am-sW¶p \nÊw-ibw ]d-bmw. ]Xn-¶memw \qäm-nsâ D¯-cmÀ²-amWv cma-N-cn-X-ImewF¶-XmWv C¶p s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -Sp-¶-Xv. _mlyhpw B -c-hp-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\- nÂ cma-N-cn-X- nsâ Imew F.-Un. 1351 BsW¶p \Sp-h«w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³ hyà-am-¡p-¶p-v.

cma-N-cnX `mj þ kmam\y kz`mhw

cma-N-cnX `mj-bpsS kmam\y kz`mhs¯-¸-än-¸-d-bp-t¼mÄ {][m-\ambpÅXv CXnsâ]mWvUy`mjmkmcq-]y-am-Wv. \Sp-h«w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³ `mjm-hn-Nm-c-sa¶ {KÙ- nse "cma-N-cnX mj-'sb¶ teJ-\- nÂ CXv hni-Z-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p-v. eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ ]m«nsâ kz`m-h-§-fn-sem-¶mbn {]kvXm-hn¨ ]mWvUy`mjmkmcq]yw (X-angv coXn-¡pÅ {]-tbm-K-§Ä) cma-N-cnX`mj-bnÂ {]I-S-am-Wv.

1. ev + X > ä, fv + X > S, fv + a > ×, \v + X > â XpS-§nb kÔn-cq-]w.

2. Câ v, Aâ v, CW F¶o hÀ¯-am-\-Ime cq]-§Ä.

3. v, ®v XpS-§nb `qX-Ime cq]-§Ä

4. Bbv (\-]p. GI-h-N-\w), Hmav (\-]p. _lp-h-N-\w).

5. sF ({]-Xn-{Km-ln-I), AXp, CssS (kw-_-Ôn-I)Cdv, DÄ, hmbv, ]mÂ (B-[m-cn-I) F¶o hn`àn {]Xy-b-§Ä

6. bm³, \m³ F¶o D¯-a-]p-cpj kÀÆ-\ma cq]-§Ä

F¶n-h-sbÃmw ]mWvUy- mjm kmcq-]y- n\p ZrjvSm- -§-fm-Wv. tIc-f-]m-Wn\n \nÀt±-in-¡p¶Bdp \b-§Ä {]Imcw amäw kw`-hn¨ cq]-§fpw amäw hcm- -hbpw cma-N-cn-X- nÂ CS-I-eÀ¶pImWp-¶p. cma-N-cnX `mj-bnÂ A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-{]-kcw hcm¯ cq]-§-sf-¡mÄ (3610) A\p-\m-kn-ImXn{]kcw kw`-hn¨ cq]-§-fmWv (3901) A[n-Iw. XmehymtZiw hcm- -h-bmWv (2234) h¶-h-sb-¡mÄ (1017) IqSp-XÂ. ]Z-a-²y- nÂ "sF'Imcw \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ cq]-§Ä þ 509. "sF'Imcw AIm-c-am-bXv þ 499. ae-bmf `mjmkz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn¨v "¶' htc-n-S-§-fnÂ "â' ImWp-¶p-v. ]qÀ® {Inb-I-fnÂ ]pcp-j-t`Z {]Xy-b-§Ä {]Xy-£-s -Sp-¶-h-bmWv (1166Â 989) A[n-Iw.

kwkvIr-X coXn-bn-epÅ {]tbm-K-§Ä cma-N-cn-X- nÂ hf-sc-¡p-d-t -bp-Åq. C¡m-cy- nÂ Ah-K-Wn-¡- ¡ Nne kzm[o-\-§tf cma-N-cn-X- nÂ ImWp-¶p-Åq.

1. hnti-jW hntijys¸mcp¯w

(F) aeÀhn-Ãnsb A\-¦s\

(_n) amg-\oÄan-gnsb ssaXn-ensb



(kn) Ihn-¡-c-Ns\ Nm¼-hs\

2. hn`-àn-{]-Xy-b-§Ä

(F) tIIn\mw þ {]Xn-{Km-lnI

(_n) hmNmÂ þ {]tbm-PnI

(kn) h¿-hm-b-\a þ Dt±-inI N¦-cmb \a þ Dt±-inI

(Un) hnb-Xn-tNÀ´p-tÅmÀþ B[m-cnI NctW þ '' Im\t\ -þ ''

(C) hNt\ þ kwt_m-[\

C¶p {]Nm-c- n-en-Ãm¯ {]mNo\ ]Z-§-fpsS kwc-£-W-amWv {it²-b-amb asämcp mjm khn-ti-j-X. Dt±-inIm{]Xybw tNÀ¶ F\-¡p, C\-¡p, C\n-¡p, \nW-¡p, AXp¡p F¶o kÀÆ-\m-a-§fpw kw_-ÔnIm {]Xybw tNÀ¶ "F\Xp', B[n-Im-cnI {]Xybw tNÀ¶ "F½nÂ', _lp-h-N\wtNÀ¶ "Rm§Ä' XpS-§n-bh GXm\pw DZm-l-c-W-§-fm-Wv. B[p-\nI ae-bm-f- n\v A\y-amb NnehÀ® hnIm-c-§fpw cma-N-cn-X- nÂ ImWm-\m-hpw.

cma-N-cnX `mj þ `n¶m- n-{]m-b-§Ä

KpÀ«v : kwkvIrX A£-c-am-e-bpsS A\p-{]-th-i-\- n\p ap³]v \n_-Ôn-¡-s -«-XmWv cma-N-cn-Xw. AXv ae-bmf `mj-bpsS {]mIvX\-X-a-amb cq]s¯ {]ZÀin- n-¡p-¶p.

tKm]n-\mYdmhp : CXv Hcp Xan-gvIm-hy-amtWm ae-bmf Imhy-amtWm F¶v \nÀ®-bn-¡m³ Ign-bn-Ã.(sN- -angv; 1907)

tKmZ-hÀ½ : ae-bmf `mjbpw kwkvIrX `mjbpw tNÀ¶pÅ aWn-{]-hmf {]Øm\w t]mse Xan-gnsâ Hcp tZiy-t -Z-t¯mSv ae-bmfw IeÀ¶pÅ Hcp an{i-{]-Øm-\- nÂ \nÀ½n-X-§-fmb IrXn-I-fpsS Hcp {]mNo\ amXr-I-bmbn \ap¡v cma-N-cn-Xs¯ IW-¡m-¡mw. (tIcf `mjm hnÚm-\o-bw)

DÅqÀ : cma-N-cnXw AXp-mb Ime¯p ae-bmfw ]m«n-\p-]-tbm-Kn- n-cp¶ kmlnXy `mj-bnÂcNn¨ IrXn-bm-Wv. (tI-cf kmlnXy Ncn-{Xw)

F³. IrjvW-]nÅ : .... kwkvIr-X-co-Xn-bn-epÅ mjm {]tbm-K-§Ä kwkvIrX kÔnIÄt]mepÅ`mjm-k-Ôn-IÄ, hnti-jW hntijy s¸mcp- w, Xncp-ta-\n-bmb \ax, N¼pth \ax XpS-§nbkwkvIr-Xo-IrX `mjm{]tbm-K-§Ä F¶n-h-bmWv BZyw {i²n-t¡--Xv.... ]pcpj {]Xy-b-an-Ãm¯{Inbm cq]-§Ä hf-sc-bp-v.... Xan-gn-en-Ãm¯ `mjm-]-Z-§fpw Cu IrXn-bnÂ ImWmw. (ssI-c-fn-bpsS IY)

]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W- nÅ : {ZmhnUm-£-c-§tf ]m«n-ep-]-tbm-Kn-¡mhq F¶ \nb-a- n\p hnt[-b-a-Ãm-bn-cp¶p F¦nÂ cma-N-cnXw Hcp \Ã aWn-{]-hmf IrXn-bmbn {]Xy-£-s -Sp-am-bn-cp-¶p. (km-ln-Xo-I-Sm-£w)

]n.-hn. IrjvW³\m-bÀ : .... cmaNcnXw sX¡³ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse \mtSmSn_v`mj-bnÂ Fgp-Xn-bn-«pÅ Hcp \mtSm-Sn- m-«-Ã.... Ae-¦mc i_-f-amb coXn-bnÂ hncp- -§-fnÂ \n_n-Ôn- n-«pÅ Hcp]m«p-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv. (cm-a-N-cnXw : Hcp hnaÀi-\m-ßI ]T-\w)

D®n-¡n-Smhv : kwkvIrX ]Z-§fpw ZnKv`m-j-bmbn ae-bm-f-]-Z-§fpw IeÀ¶ Xangv Imhy-amWv cma-N-cn-Xw. (cm-a-N-cnXw Hcp Xangv Imhyw? `mjm-km-ln-Xn, 1979).

Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mbÀ: ....ae-bm-f- nse {]apJ kmlnXy {]Øm-\-amb ]m«v Fgp-Xm-\p-]-tbm-Kn- n-cp¶ kmlnXy `mj-bn-emWv cma-N-cnXw cNn-¡-s -«-Xv. cma-N-cnXw Hcp ae-bmfw ]m«m-Wv.sN -angv ¸mt«m an{i- mjm¸mt«m AÃ. ("a-e-bm-f- nse ]m«p-km-lnXyw' þ cma-N-cn-X- nÂ\n¶v



alm- m-c-X- n-te-¡v, 1980)

BÀ \mcm-b-W- -Wn-¡À : `mjm-cq-]-§sf ]cn-jv¡-cn v Xan-gm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv {KÙ-Im-c³ sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv. cma-N-cnXw Xangv ae-bmf kmlnXy kwØm-\-§-fpsS ]pd-t¼m¡p Øe¯p ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶p.

\Sp-h«w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³: cma-N-cn-X- nse `mj ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn ae-bm-f-am-Wv. ]mWvUy-`mjm kmcq]yw i_vZ-X-e- n-emWv {][m-\-ambpw ImWp-¶-Xv. hymI-cW Xe- nÂ tNmf- mjmcoXn-¡pÅ {]tbm-K-§Ä¡v Bhr¯n Ipd-bpw. hn`-ày´ kwkvIrXw hnc-en-se-®m³ am{Xw.Npcp-¡- nÂ tIc-f- m-j-bn-se-gp-Xnb ]m«mWv cma-N-cn-Xw. ("cm-a-N-cnXw' þ `mjm ]cn-a-fw, 1994).

sI.-Fw. tPmÀPv : cp `mj-I-fpsS þ Xan-gn-sâbpw ae-bm-f- n-sâbpw þ hymI-cW hyh-Ø-IÄIeÀ¶n-cn-¡p¶ Ir{Xna an{i- m-j-bmWv cma-N-cn-X- n-ep-Å-Xv. aWn-{]-hm-f- nse mjm-tbm-K- n\vkam-\-amb `mjm k¦-e-\-amWv ]m«p `mj-bnepw ImWp-¶-Xv. BZy-t¯-XnÂ kwkvIrX ae-bm-f-§fpw cm-a-t¯-XnÂ Xangv ae-bm-f-§fpw F¶ hyXym-kta DÅq. (X-angv an{i kmlnXyw þkmlnXy Ncn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eq-sS).

`n¶m- n-{]m-b-§Ä þ kmam\ymh-tem-I\w

cma-N-cnX mj-sb-¡p-dn¨p mjm]WvUn-X-·mÀ¡v {][m-\-ambpw \mev A`n-{]m-b-§-fm-Wp-Å-Xv. 1.Xan-gmWv 2. IeÀ¸p `mj-bmWv (an-{i- m-j-bm-Wv) 3.aWn-{]-hm-f-amWv 4.A¡m-es¯ ]m«p- m-j-bm-Wv.

kwkvIr-X- nsâ A\p-{]-th-i- n\p ap³]pÅ `mj-bpsS cq]-amWv cma-N-cn-X- nÂ ImWp-¶-Xv F¶ KpÀ«nsâ hmZw kzoIm-cy-a-Ã. cma-N-cn-X- nÂ ]e-bn-S¯pw kwkvIrXkzm[o\w ImWmw.DZm-l-cWw: hnb-Xn, hmNm, tIIo\mw XpS-§nb hn`ày´§Ä. "aeÀhnÃn-sb-b-\-¦s\' F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ hnti-j-W-hn-ti-jy-s¸m-cp- -§Ä A -cm, A\-h-cXw XpS-§nb XÕ-a-§Ä apX-em-bhCXnÂ ImWmw. ]m«nsâ \nbaw Zo£n-¡- ¡ hn[- nÂ Ht«sd kwkvIrXi_vZ-§sf XZv`-h-§-

fm-¡nbn-«p-v.

cma-N-cnXw Xangv IrXn-bm-sW¶ \nco-£-Whpw B[p-\nI Kth-j-IÀ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. CsXmcpXangv IrXn-bm-sW¶v BZy-ambn A`n-{]m-b-s¸« tKm]n-\m-Y-dmhp Xs¶ "CXv Xangv Imhytam ae-bmfImhytam F¶v \nÀW-bn¡ h¿' F¶v ]n¶oSv ]d-bp-¶p-v. cma-N-cnXw Xan-gvIm-hy-am-sW¶v ]d-bp¶ D®n-¡n-Smhv AXn-\m-[m-c-ambn Ah-X-cn- n-¡p¶ sXfn-hp-IÄ ZpÀ_-e-am-Wv. "XangvIhn' "Xan-gm-bn-s¡m--dn-bn-¡nâÀ' XpS-§nb {]tbm-K-§-fnse Xangv i_vZ- ns\ sN -an-gv`mj F¶v sXän-²cn¡pI-bmWv Ct±-lw. cma-N-cn-X- nse Xan-gv{]-tbm-K-§-fpsS _mlpeyw `mjm-cq-]-§sf ]cn-jvI-cn v Xan-gm-¡n-b-Xp-sIm-m-sW¶ BÀ. \mcm-b-W- -Wn-¡-cpsS A`n-{]m-b- n\pw henb ]n´pWIn«n-bn-Ã. Xan-gv]-Z-§-fpsS _mlpeyw A¡m-es¯ Imhy `mj-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. D¯-c-tI-c-f-¯n-ep-mb D®n-b- n-bnepw a[y-tI-c-f- n-ep-mb D®n-bm-Sn-bnepw Xangv {]tbm-K-§Ä ImWm-\m-hpw. cma-N-cn-X-Imew hsc Xan-gnepw kwkvIr-X- nepw Imhy-§Ä cNn- n-cp-¶-Xn-\mÂ B `mj-I-fpsS kzm[o\w kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. ]g- -an-gnsâ XpSÀ¨bmb cma-N-cnX `mj-bnÂ Xan-gnsâ {]tXy-I-X-IÄ ImWm³ Imc-Whpw CXp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. Xan-gÀ cma-N-cn-Xs¯ Xangv IrXn-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. Xan-gv\m-«nÂ\n¶v cma-N-cn-X- nsâ Hcp ]IÀ¸p-t]mepw Ip-In-«n-bn-«p-an-Ã. ]pcp-j-{]-XybwtNÀ¡m¯ {Inbm-cq-]-§fpw X\n ae-bm-f-]-Z-§fpw CXnÂ ImWp-¶p. AXp-sImv cma-N-cn-Xs¯Xangv IrXn-bmbn Icp-Xp-hm³ km[n-¡p-IbnÃ.

cma-N-cn-X- nse mj Ir{Xn-a-amb an{i- m-j-bm-sW-¶pw aWn-{]-hm-f-am-sW¶pw Icp-Xn-b-hÀ AXns\cp `mj-I-fpsS IeÀs¸-¶-a-«n-emWv ImWp-¶-Xv. A¡m-es¯ ]m«p-`m-j-bm-sW-¶Xpw GsdNÀ -IÄ¡v hnj-b-am-bn-«p-Å-XmWv. Cu cv A`n-{]m-b-§-fnepw bmYmÀ°y- nsâ Awi-ap-v.F¶mÂ Ah-bnse kqN\IÄ sXän-²m-cW Dm-¡pw. IeÀ¸p`m-j-sb¶pw an{i- m-j-sb¶pw ]d-b-W-sa-¦nÂ Npcp-§n-bXv cp mj-I-fpsS an{i-W-ap-m-bn-cn-¡-Ww. sN -an-gn-sâbpw ae-bm-f- n-



sâbpw IeÀ¸mWv cma-N-cn-X- m-j-sb-¶mWv an{i- m-jm-hm-Zn-IÄ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. F¶mÂ ae-bmfw cma-N-cn-X-Im-e¯v kzX-{ - m-j-bmbn amdn-bn-«n-Ã. amdn-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ XoÀ -bmbpw A{]-Im-c-apÅ ae-bm-f- m-j-bnse GsX-¦nepw IrXn-IÄ \ap¡v e`n-t¡--Xm-bn-cp-¶p. ae-bmf `mj-bpsS DXv]- n-sb-¡p-dn- pÅ sXämb [mc-W-I-fmWv (kz-X-{ -hm-Zw) `mjm-]WvUnX·msc C§s\ Nnń-¡m³t{]cn- n- -Xv. {]mNo-\-a-Wn-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnse mjbpw cma-N-cn-X- mjbpw H¶p-X-s¶-sb¶ hmZhpwkzoIm-cy-a-Ã.-A-§n§v Nne kwkvIr-X-hym-I-c-W-{]-tbm-K-§Ä ImWp-¶p-sh-¶-Xp-sImp am{Xwcma-N-cn-X- mjsb a-Wn-{]-hm-fsa¶p hnti-jn- n-¡p-¶Xv icn-b-Ã.cma-N-cn-X`mjbnÂ ImWp¶ sN -angv ]mc-¼cyw Hcp aWn-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-bnepw ImWm³ km[n-¡n-Ã.\ne-hn-en-cp¶ ]m«p- m-j-bn-emWvcma-N-cnXw cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶ A`n-{]m-bhpw ]ecpw tNmZyw sN¿p-¶p. B mj F´m-sW¶pwGsXÃmw kz`mh hnti-j-§-tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-sW¶pw hyà-am-¡n-bn-«n-sÃ¶-XmWv hnaÀi-\- n\pImc-Ww.

cma-N-cnX `mj-sb-¡p-dn- pÅ hyXykvX \nco-£-W-§-fnÂ\n¶pw C{]-Im-c-samcp [mc-W-bn-te-¡mWv \msa- p-¶-Xv. cma-N-cn-X-Imew hsc tIc-f- nse Imhym-kzm-Z\w Xan-gv-þ-kw-kvIrX IrXn-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z\w Bbn-cp-¶p. {]mtZ-inI ]mc-¼-cy-a-\p-k-cn¨v Ihn-X-bp-m-¡n-b-hÀs¡Ãmw XangvIhn-X-bpsS XpSÀ -sb¶ \ne-bnte Nnń-¡m³ Ign-ªn-cp-¶p-Åq. Iq«- nÂ Npäpw {]tbm-K- n-en-cp¶ ]pXnb `mjm-kz- m-h-§sf Ah-K-Wn-¡m³ AhÀ¡m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]m«p-Ir-Xn-IÄ Dugn-bnÂ sNdn-b-hÀ¡v þ kwkvIrX ]cn-Nbw Ipd-hm-b-hÀ¡v þ thn-bm-Wv. At¸mÄ Ah-cpsS ]cn-NnX`mj-sb-¡qSn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡-n-h-¶p. A§s\ cma-N-cnXw Xan-sgt¶m ae-bm-f-sat¶m t]cn-Sm-\m-hm¯ `mj-bnÂ Bbn-t¸m-bn. C¶pw \nc-h-[n-bmb ]T-\-§Ä cma-N-cnX`mj-sb-¡p-dn¨v \S-¡p-¶p. cma-N-cnX mjsb kw{I-aW mj-sb¶pw ]cn-hÀ¯\ mj-sb¶pw A -cmfL« mj-sb¶pwhnti-jn- n-¡p-¶-h-cp-ap-v.

ae-bmf mtjm-Xv]- n-sb- -än-bpÅ ]qÀh Xnangpae-bmfkn²m- -{]-Imcw Xan-gn\pw ae-bm-f- n\pws]mXp-hmb Hcp L«-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p. ]n¶oSv Ch kzX-{ -§-fm-bn- oÀ¶Xv kmh-[m-\- nÂ kw`-hn¨ {]hÀ¯-\-am-Wv. 12-þmw iX-I-am-b-t¸m-tg¡pw tIc-f- n-sebpw Xan-gv\m-«n-sebpw hyh-lmc`mj-IÄ X½nÂ {]I-S-amb Nne hyXym-k-§Ä cq]-s -«n-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. C¡m-e-b-f-hnepw sN -angvkmln-Xyhpw kwkvIrX kmln-Xyhpw ChnsS {]N-cn- n-cp-¶p. kz -amb kmlnXy¯n\m-bpÅ ]cn-{i-a-§Ä XpS-§p-¶Xv C¡m-e-b-f-hn-embncn¡-Ww. `mjmIuS-eo-bw, {_ÒmWvU]pcmWw XpS-§n-bh KZy-km-ln-Xy- nÂ cq]-sa-Sp- -t¸mÄ, ]Zyw kwkvIr-X-t¯mSv B`n-ap-Jy-apÅ aWn-{]-hm-f-sa¶pw sN -angv ]mc-¼cyw kwc-£n-¡p¶ ]ms«¶pw cv ssIh-gn-I-fmbn ]ncn-ªp. cma-N-cnXwC¡m-e¯v Dmb ]m«p-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv. CXnÂ 14-þmw \qäm-nse tIcf hyh-lmc `mjsb{ZmhnUhr¯nÂ {Zmhn-Um-£came am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn¨v Imhym-ß-I-ambn Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶p.

cma-N-cn-X- nse mj kw`m-jW mj-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Icp-Xm-\m-hn-sÃ¶v sP. ]Zva-Ip-amcn Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. AXv icn-bm-Wv. kw`m-jW `mj-bnÂ Imhymwiw IeÀ¯n ]m«v F¶ kmln-Xy-cq-]- n-\m-h-iy-amb Nne amä-§Ä CXnÂ hcp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C¶s¯ ae-bm-f-hp-ambn hf-sc-b-[nIwhyXym-k-§Ä cma-N-cn-X- nse mj-bv¡p-v. CXv ae-bm-f- nsâ am{Xw khn-ti-j-X-b-Ã. GsXmcp`mj-bn-sebpw BZy-Ime IrXn-IÄ C -c- nÂ ImWp-¶p. Nµ-_ÀZm-bn-bpsS ]rYn-cmPku alm-Imhyw C¶s¯ lnµn-bnÂ\n¶pw hf-sc-tbsd hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Xpf-ko-Zm-knsâ cma-N-cn-X-am-\kwAh-[n- m-j-bnepw kqÀZm-knsâ Imhy-§Ä {hPv`m-j-bn-ep-am-Wv. ]t£ Ch-sbÃmw BZy-Ime lnµn-Im-hy-§-fm-bn- -s¶-bmWv \mw hnh-£n-¡p-¶-Xv. Nne- -Xn-Im-c- n-te-XnÂ \n¶pw hf-sc-tbsd hyXy-kvX-amWv C¶s¯ Xan-gv. F¶n-cn-¡nepw Nne- -Xn-Im-cs¯ Xan-gvIr-Xn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶p.

""Ct¸m-gs¯ ae-bm-f-hp-ambn cma-N-cn-X- nse `mjsb Xmc-X-ay-s -Sp- p-t¼m-gmWv C¶s¯ae-bm-f- n-tâ-X-Ãm- Xpw Xan-gn-tâ-sX¶v ]d-bm-hp-¶-Xp-amb ]Z-§fpw {]tbm-K-§fpw thÀXn-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶-Xv.'' Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mb-cpsS Cu \nco-£Ww a\-ÊnÂ h¨p-sImv cma-N-cn-X- m-jsb ]Tn-¡m-\mWv {ian-t¡--Xv. Cu coXn-bn-epÅ GsXmcp ]T-\hpw 14þmw \qäm-nsetIcf`mj "]m«v' F¶ kmln-Xy-cq-]- n-\mbn hcp- nb \ho-I-c-W-{]-hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS ê-amWv



cma-N-cn-X- m-j-sb¶v hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

cma-N-cnXw t]mepÅ {]uV-am-sbmcp _rl-ZvIm-hyhpw Xncp-\n-gÂame t]msemcp P\-IobImhyhpw tNÀ¯p-h-bv¡p-t¼mÄ \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶Xv ]m«p-{]-Øm\w AXn-hn-]p-e-am-sbmcp Imhy-hn- m-K-am-bn-cp¶p F¶ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXn-{Zp-X-am-sbmcp `mjm-hn-Imk{]{In-b-bnÂ \jvS-s -«p-t]mb Ht«sd IrXn-I-fp-m-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. aWn-{]-hm-f- n\p e£-W-{KÙw Na¨ eoemXne-I-Im-c³ AXnÂ\n¶p `n¶-amb ]m«ns\ \nÀÆ-Nn-¡m\pw DZm-l-cn-¡m-\pw X¿m-dm-bXv aWn-{]-hm-f-sa-¶-t]mse ]m«n\pw {]m[m-\y-ap-m-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\m-emh-Ww. ae-bmfImhy]mc-¼-cy-am-Ip¶ {]mIvX\Nn{X-¯nsâ kw]q-c-W- n\p klm-b-I-am-tb-¡m-hp¶ Ht«sd IrXn-IÄ C\nbpw Is- n-tb-¡mw.]m«p-{]-Øm-\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨ [mc-W-I-fpsS hn]p-eo-I-c-W- n\pw {]mNo-\-amb `mjm khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw kmwkvIm-cn-Im-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨pw IqSp-XÂ Adn-bp-¶-Xn\pw Cu hgn-¡pÅ ]T-\-§Ä C\nbpw Dm-tI--Xp-v.

hni-Z-]-T\w :cma-N-cnXw 1,2,3 ]S-e-§Ä

H¶mw ]Sew

1 Im\-\-¦-fn-e-c³ Ifn-dp-ambv Icn-Wn-bmbv

ImÀs\-Sp-¦-®pa X½nÂ hnf-bmSn \Sâþ

âm\\w hSn-hp-Åm-\-h-Sn-hm-b-h-X-cnþ

¯mXntb! \Ã hn-\m-b-I-s\-s·m-c-a-et\!

Rm\n-sXmâp Xp\n-bnâ-Xn-s\³ am\-X-sa¶pw

\mfXmÀX-¶nÂ \nc- -c-an-cp- -cpÄ sXfnþ

´q\-a-ä-dn-sh-\¡p h¶p-Xn¡pw h®-taþ

bqgn-tb-gnepw \nssd´ ad-Rm\ s]mcptf!

({]m-No\ Ihn-IÄ CjvS-tZ-h-Xm-h-µ-\-t¯msS Imhyw Bcw- n-¡p-¶p. cma-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw hnLvt\-iz-c-kvXp-Xn-tbmsS Imhyw XpS-§p-¶p).

Bibw : Im\-\-§-fnÂ lc³ sIm¼-\m-\bpw Idp¯ \o I®p-I-fpÅ ]mÀÆXn ]nSn-bm-\bpw

Bbn Ifn¨p \S¶ A¶v B\-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn-e-h-X-cn¨ apJ-Im- n-bpÅ BZn-]p-cpjm! hn\m-b-

I³ F¶-]-cn-ip² tZhm ! Ggp-tem-I- nepw \ndª thZ-km-cta ! Rm\n-t¸m-gm-cw- n-¡p¶ Imcy-

¯n\v, A\yq-\-amb Adnhv F\n-¡p-m-I-¯¡ h®w Fsâ am\-k-am-Ip¶ Xma-c-¸q-hnÂ

FÃvbvt¸mgpw Ccp-¶-cp-f-W-ta.

(Im-\-\-¦Ä þ Im\-\-§Ä, Ac³ þ lc³;inh³, IfnÀ þ sIm¼-\m-\, am\Xw þ am\-kw, \mf-XmÀ-

þ-\m-f-s¯mSp IqSnb XmÀ, \nd´ þ \nd-ª, Rm\-s]m-cpÄ þ thZ-km-cw, hn\m-b-I³ þ KW-]-Xn,

DXn-¡pI þ DZn-¡p-I). kwkvIr-Xm-£-c-am-e-bnse i_vZ-§Ä {Zan-U-kw-Lm-Xm-£c \n_-²-am-¡p-

t¼mÄ hcp¶ amäw {i²n-¡-Ww. BZnþ BXn, DZn-¡pI þ DXn-¡pI F¶o DZm-l-c-W-§Ä t\m¡p-

I. tIcf ]mWo\ob- nÂ ]d-bp¶ \b-§Ä F§s\ {]hÀ¯n- n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶Xpw {i²n-t¡--

Xp-v. "Im\-\-¦Ä' A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-{]-kcw sImv Im\-\-§-fmbpw "\nd´' Xme-hym-tZiw sImv

"\ndª' F¶pw ]nÂ¡m-e¯v amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

eo-em-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ ]m«n\p \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ e£Ww ChnsS ]men-¡-s -Sp-¶p-v.

I:”þ {Zmhn-Um-£-c-§-fnÂ \n_-Ôn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.

J:þ FXpI ]men- n-«p-v. (Im-\-\w, B\-\w, Rm\n-sXm-âp, Du\-a-äv) \mep ]mZ§fntebpw {]Y-am-

£-c-§Ä¡v am{Xbpw H¯p-h-¶n-«p-v. (Im, B, Rm, Du)



K:þ tam\bpw ImWp-¶p-v. Hmtcm ]mZ- n-sâbpw {]Y-amÀ²- n-tebpw ZznXo-bmÀ²- n-tebpw

A£-c-§Ä Htc t]mse hcp¶p (Im þ Im,âm þ ¯m, Rm þ \m, ´q þ bq). kam-\m-£-c-{]-Xo-Xn-

bmWv tam\ sImv Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv. Xan-gn-se-t¸m-se- s¶ `mj-bnse ]m«nepw A, B, sF, Hu

F¶n-hbv¡pw C, Cu, F, G F¶n-hbv¡pw D, Du, H, Hm F¶n-hbv¡pw N,-X-§Ä¡pw R,-\-

§Ä¡pw a,-h-§Ä¡pw ]c-kv]cw tam\-bm-Imw. Htc A£-c- nsâ bm{´n-I-amb BhÀ¯-\-a-Ã,

kam-\m-£c {]Xo-Xn-bm-Wn-hnsS {][m-\w.

L:þ A´m-Zn-{]m-khpw Dv. "Rm\-s]m-cptf' F¶v H¶m-as¯ ]m«v Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p. "Rm\-sa-

¦Â' F¶v cm-as¯ ]m«v Bcw- n-¡p-¶p.

2. Rm\-sa-¦Â hnf-bn¨p sXfn-bn- n-\nb sNmÂþ

\mbn-tI, ]c-hbnÂ¯nc-IÄ t\cp-S-\p-S³

tX\p-em-hn-\-]-Z-¦Ä h´p-Xn§n \nbXw

tNX-bpÄ¯p-SÀ¶p tXmâpw h®-anâp-ap-X-embv

Du\-a-sägpw Ccm-a-N-cn-X- n-semcp sXþ

Ãqgn-bnÂs -dn-b-hÀ¡-dn-bp-am-dp-c-sNbvhm³

Rm\p-S-¡n-\-Xn-t\-W-\-b-t\, \S-an-sS³

\mhn-en- -sbmSp h -Sn-bn-W-¡-a-e-XmÀ

Bibw :þ AÃtbm a[p-c-i-_vZ-§-fpsS \mbn-I-bm-bn-«p-Å-htf! GW-\-bt\! F¶nÂ Úm\w hn-

f-bn¨p sXfn-bn¨v A\yq-\-amb cma-N-cn-X- nsâ Hcp `mKw `qan-bnse km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v Adn-bp-am-

dp-c-sN-¿m-\m-cw- n- -Xn-\v, kap-{Z- nse Xnc-am-e-IÄ t]mse, tX³ In\n-bp¶ ]Z-§Ä Xn§n-h¶v a\-

ÊnÂ tXm¶-¯-¡-hn[w Fsâ \mhnÂ Xma-c-¸q-t]m-se-bpÅ \nsâ Imep-IÄ sImv CjvSw

t]mse \r¯w sNbvXm-epw. (hm-KvtZ-h-Xsb þ kc-kz-Xn-sb, A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶p. kap-{Z- nÂ Xnc-

am-e-IÄ F¶ t]mse tXs\m-en-¡p¶ ]Z-§Ä H¶n\p ]pdtI H¶mbn tXm¶-W-sa-¶-XmWv Ihn-

bpsS {]mÀ°-\. Du\-a-sä-gp-an-cm-a-N-cn-X- n-semcp sXÃp am{Xta ]d-bp-¶pÅq F¶pw Dugn-bnÂ

sNdn-b-hÀ¡-dn-bp-am-dp-c-sNbvhm\mWv B{K-ln-¡p-¶-sX-¶p-apÅ {]kvXm-h-\-IÄ {it²-bw. bp²-

ImÞw am{X-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv. kap-Zm-b- nse hen-b-hÀ¡v kwkvIr-X-Im-hy-§Ä ]cn-Nn-X-

am-b-Xn-\mÂ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡p hoc-c-k-{]-[m-\-amb cma-IY a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn Ah-cpsS

`mjm-ssi-en-bnÂ Fgp-Xp-¶p-sh-¶mWv Ihn ]d-bp-¶Xv).

3. Xmcn-W-¦n\ Xssg-¡p-gÂ aeÀ¯-¿Â apsseþ

¯mh-f- n-en-f-sIm-Åp-a-c-hn- -\-b\m

Bc-W-¦-fn-se§pw ]c-a-tbm-In-I-fp-gþ

âmep-saâp-a-dn-hm-\-cnb Rm\-s]m-cp-tf,

amcn h -sXmcp ama-e-sb-Sp¯p XSbpw

amb-t\, Ac-N-\mbv \nNn-N-cm-Xn-]-Xnsb

t]mcnÂ \o ap¶w apSn- -a-sb-Sp¯p ]pI-gvhm³

t]mIn-t]m-I-N-b-\m, Ihn-sb-\-¡-cpÄsN-t¿.

Bibw : ]oen- n-cp-ap-Sn-bnÂ ]q NqSnb ]qam-Xnsâ ape- -S-§-fnÂ hn{i-an-¡p¶ Ac-hnµ \b\m!]c-a-tbm-Kn-IÄ thZ-§Ä tXmdpw At\z-jn- p-g-¶mepw Adn-bm³ {]bm-k-amb Úm\-km-cta !alm-]ÀÆ-X-sa-Sp¯v agsb XSp- - am-bt\! (tKm-hÀ²-t\m-²m-cW IY kqNn-Xw) AÃtbm t`mKn-t`m-K-i-b\m! ap¼v A§v cmPm-hmbn \nin-N-cm-[n-]-Xnsb bp²- nÂ \in- n¨ IY ]pI-gv p-¶-Xn\vth-Xmb Ihn-Xz-iàn Acp-fn-s -bvXm-epw. (t`m-Kn-t`mK ib-\³/A\- -imbn þ hnjvWp; Cu{]tbm-K-amWv Ihn Xncp-h-\- -]p-c¯v {io ]Zva-\m- sâ Zmk\pw \m«p-Im-c-\p-am-sW¶v Duln-¡m³



Nnesc t{]cn- n- -Xv).(C-W-¦n\ þ CW-§nb ; tNÀ¶, Xg-¡p-gÂ þ abnÂ¸oen t]mse at\m-l-c-amb apSn aeÀ¯-¿Â þe£vao-tZ-hn, Cf-sIm-ÅpI þ hn{i-an-¡p-I)

4. Acpssh ]mXn-bp-cp-hmb ]ct\, Nc-W-Xmþc¡p-cp- p-sImSp X´Xw \nss\- p-sImÄh-hþÀ¡cnb h³]n-d-hnbmw Xpb-c-dp- p-I-f-thmþcNp-c-\m-N-I-ct\! hnN-b³ hnÂ¯-Sn-bn-\mÂXncp-hp-S-¼p-S-bp-am-d-d- -h-¶-]n-aXwsXfp-sX-fp- nÂ hnf-bn¨p sXfn-bn¨ Nnh-t\,Ac-N-\mIn aXp-Nq-X-\-\n-cm-h-Ws\ shþâa-sb-\¡p ]pIgvhm³ hgn hcw-X-¶-cp-tf.

Bibw : AÀ²-\m-co-iz-c-\mb ]cw-]p-cpjm! ]mZ-]ß-§Ä AI-¡p-cp-¶p-sImv FÃm-bvt¸mgpwNn´n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v {]bm-k-ta-dnb ]nd-hn-bm-Ip¶ ZpJw CÃm-Xm¡ns¡mSp-¡p¶ Akp-cm- Im! ico-c-ap-S-b- -¡-h®w hnP-b³ hnÃp-sIm--d-ª-t¸mÄ Ah\v A`n-a-X-§-sfÃmw sImSp¯v kt´m-jn-¸n¨ inht\! a[p-kq-Z-\³ cmPm-hmbn ]nd¶v cmh-Ws\ sh¶Xv ]pI-gv¯p-¶-Xn\v F\n¡v hgn-t]mse hcw X¶-cp-fn-bm-epw.(A-cpssh þ kpµcn, Acp-ssh-]mXn Dcp-hmb ]c³ þ AÀ²-\m-co-iz-c³, inh³, XqbÀ þ Zp:Jw,hnN-b³þhn-P-b³, Nnh³þ inh³)

5. hgn-sb-\¡p ]ng-bm-X-h-®-ap-ä-cpÄsN-s¿³

a\-Ip-cp- n-en-f-sIm-p, ]p\Â sImp-h-Snhmþsgp´ sImÂ ]Xdpw s\dn-X-gª Ipgeo!Cf-a-Xn¡p XqbÀs]m-§n-hn-f-§nâ \pXeo!Npge \nâ-In-e-temIw hW-¦nâ Igeo!XpInÂ ]pen-s¯m-en-sIm-Ånâ-c-\p-X³ I®n-W-s]þ«gn-hp-s]« aeÀhn-Ãn-sb-b-\-¦s\þbÆ-f-hp-tXm-än\ s]cp- -apÅ sh¸n³ aItf

Bibw : \ocpp hSn-hm sIm-en\p ]X-dn¨ \ÂIp-¶Xpw Xg- -Xp-amb Xe-ap-Sn-tbmSp IqSn-b-htf! N{µ-¡-ebv¡p Zp:Jap-m¡n hnf-§p¶ me-{]-tZ-i-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-htf! Npän\pw \n¶v FÃmtemIcpw hW-§p¶ ]mZ-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-htf! hkv{X-ambv ]pen-t¯mÂ [cn-¡p¶ inhsâ ^me-t\-{X- nÂ s]«p\in¨ Ima-tZ-hs\ AXp-t]m-se-Xs¶ Pohn- n-¡- ¡ al-Xz-apÅ ae-a-Itf! Fsâa\-¡p-cp-¶nÂ hn{i-an v hgn-]n-g-bv¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-hm³ Zb Im«n-bm-epw. (a-eÀhn-Ãn-sb-b-\-¦s\;þ kwkvIr-X- m-j-bn-te-t¸msehnti-j-W-hn-ti-jy-s¸m-cp¯w hcp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.)

(A-cpÄ þ Zb-hv, ]p\Â þ shÅw, \qXÂþ s\än, Ac-\p-XÂ¡®v þ inhsâ ^me-t\-{Xw, shÀ¸vþ ae, Agnhv þ \miw)

6. aI-c-tI-X-\-\psS sN\-I-\m-bÀa-I-\mbvhf-cp-sa-¦Ä adn-am-b³ aWn-amÀhn-en-f-sImþIn-e-tem-I-§-fnepw \nd-ªp-\n-¶-cp-fpthmþca-e-tIm-a-f-]-tbm-Xn-X-\-tb, Ac-N-\mbvsNI-¦-tfgpw De-bn-¡p-a-¶n-Nm-N-c-h-c³Nnc-§Ä ]¯p-a-§-dp¯ a\p-ho-c-N-cnXw

]pI-gp-sa-s¶-bn¶p t\m¡n-b-cpÄhm-¡p-Sb thÂþ

s]mcpXp tNen-S-ªn-gpân\ IS-¡¬ ap\-bmÂ

Bibw : Ima-tZ-hsâ ]nXm-hmbn BbÀIp-e- nÂ P\n- p-h-f-cp¶ R§-fpsS adn-am-b-¡m-c-\mb{ioIr-jvWsâ aWn-am-dnÂ hn{i-an- p-sImv AJn-e-tem-I-§-fnepw \nd-ªp-\n\-¶-cp-fp-¶-hfpw ]cn-ip-²bpw kpµ-cnbpw ]mem-gn-a-¦-bp-amb tZho!cmPm-hmbn Ggp-tem-I-hp-ap-e-bv¡p¶ B \nim-N-c-h-csâ incÊp ]¯pw Adp- p-I-fª a\p-ho-csâ Ncn{Xw ]pI-gv¯p¶ Fs¶ `wKn-bpÅ then\pXpeyhpw Icn-ao³ CS-ªp-tXm-ä-Xp-amb IS-¡¬ ap\-bmÂ A\p-{K-ln- m-epw. (a-I-c-tI-X-\³ þ



aÕyw sImSn-b-S-bm-f-am-bn-«p-Å-h³; Ima-tZ-h³, {ioIr-jvW\v cpÜn-Wn-bn-ep-mb {]Zypav--\³ Ima-tZ-hsâ Ah-Xm-c-am-Ip-¶p).

(]-tbm-Xn-X-\b þ ]memgn a¦, sNI-¦Ä þ PK-§Ä, temI-§Ä, tNÂ þ Hcp-Xcw aÕyw)

7. CSª Zm\-hsc thcd apSn-¡p-a-S-enÂ h³þ

]ne-Ip-an- n-c-\p-a¦n \a\pw \ncp-Xnbpw

IpSn-e-hm-cn-]-Xn-bp-a-f-tI-N-\c\pw

IpfnÀ\n-em-a-Xn-sh-t¿m-\p-ap-c-Im-Xn-]-Xnbpw

hSn-hp-tN-c-h-\n-amXp ab\pw hn®-hcpw

abn-S-\m-Nn-\nbpw ap¡-®³ I\Â¡-®n-se-gpw

sImSnb ss]c-hnbpw B\-\-§-fm-dp-Å-h\pw

IpXp-a-hm-W-\p-sa-\¡p XpW-bm-I-bn-Xnt\

Bibw : {][m\ tZh-Isf Hmtcm ]m«nÂ {]IoÀ¯n- -Xn-\p-tijw aäp tZh-·msc ChnsS A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶p. FXn-cn« Akp-c-·msc kaqew apSn-¡p¶ t]mcnÂ h¼-\mb C{µ\pw Aánbpw ba\pw\ncr-Xnbpw hcp-W\pw hmbphpw Ipt_-c\pw Cuim-\\pw N{µ\pw kqcy\pw kÀ -cm-P\pw Ag-ImÀ¶ qamXpw {_Òmhpw tZh-·mcpw aln-jm-kp-c-aÀ±n-\nbpw (ZpÀ¤) ap¡-®sâ Xo¡-®nÂ \n¶p-mb `b-¦-cn-bmb ss`c-hnbpw j×p-J\pw Ima-tZ-h\pw CXn\v F\n¡p XpW-bm-I-s«. ("C-SªpZm\-hsc' F¶ ]mThpw ImWp-¶p-v. inhs\ apt¶-Xs¶ hµn¨p Ign-ª-Xn-\mÂ ChnsS ImWp¶"Ac³' Cuim-\-\m-Im-\mWp km[y-X).

(Zm-\-hÀþ Akp-c-·mÀ, ASÂ þ bp²w, ht¿m³ þ kqcy³, Dc-Im-Xn-]Xn þ kÀ¸ cmPm-hv, Ab³ þAP³: {_Òm-hv, abn-S-\m-Nn\n þ aln-j-\m-in-\n)

8. XpW-sb-\-¡n-Xn\p an¡-h-cp, apÄ¡-\-tad þ

¨pcp-¦n-t\m-c-Ip-Xn-sbâ-dnªp \Ã-h-sc-Ãmw,

]Wn-bn-XÀ¡n-h-s\-\-¡-cpXn s\m¿-hÀI-fpw,

]I-b-cm-h-Xn-\- -sc-t¶msSm -ap-S-tbmÀ,

]nW-§p-thm-cn-Ã-sb¶pw s]mgpXp t]mbn-S-bn-Sþ

¸ng-ap-gp-¡n-epw, F\-s¯-fn-ª-c-¡sc ap¶w

aWn-hÀ®³ a\p-N\m-bvs¸m-cp-X-t]mÀs¡m-Sp-a-X³

hgn-bp-ssc- -Xn\p tImen-\-sX³ taX-sIm-Sp-Rm³.

Bibw : an¡ Bfp-I-fp-sSbpw XpW X\n-¡p-s¶p Ihn Ah-Im-i-s -Sp-¶p. ]mÞn-Xy-ta-sd-bn-Ãm¯ AK-Xn-sb¶p IcpXn \Ã-hcpw Ch-s\-s¡m-nXp {]bm-k-am-Wv F¶p IcpXn \nÊm-c-·mcpwFs¶- p-W-bv¡pw. F\n-s¡m- -ap-Å-h-cm-Is« FXn-cm-fn-I-fm-Im³ aSn-bp-Å-h-cm-Wv. CS-bv¡nsS]ng-IÄ ]än-bmepw ]nW-§p-¶-hcpw CÃ. C§-s\-sbms¡ hnNm-cn¨v a\-Êp-sX-fnªv ap¼v aWn-hÀ®³ a\p-jy-\m-b-h-X-cn¨v cm£-k-scmSp sNbvX `b-¦-c-bp-²- nsâ IY Fsâ _p²n-s¡m- -h®w hÀWn-¡p¶Xn\v Rm³ Btem-Nn-¡p-¶p.

(Np-cp¦n þ Npcp-§n, AIpXn þ AKXn, s\m¿-hÀIÄ þ \nÊm-c-·mÀ;ZpÀº-eÀ, tImen-\Xv þ Bcw- n-¡p-¶p)

9. taX \ÂIpI Iho- n-c-cnÂ ap¼p-Sb hmþ

·oInbpw ]ns¶ hnbm-X-\p-sa-\-¡-Xn-I-ambv

thX-hn¯p \Ã-I- n-b-s\mtcm hI-hssI

thcn-Xn-gv¡n\ Xan-gv¡hn ]ssS¯ ap\nbpw



HmX-bnÂ Xpbn-ep-a-®Â hn®p-fmÀ ]pIg hþ

´qgn-bnÂ XN-c-X³ X\-b-\m-b-h-X-cnþ

¯mXn-Im-e-ap-Å-cp-s´m-gnÂIÄ sNbvXh Ignþ

ªmgn-am-\n-\nsb ao hgn Iqdp-a-Xn-\m-bv.

Bibw: Nocm-a-Ihn ]qÀÆ-I-hn-Isf kvacn-¡p-¶p. Iho-{µ-cnÂ BZy-\mb hmÂao-Inbpw ]ns¶hymk\pw thZ-hn- mb AK-kvXy\pw tX³ In\n-bp¶ Xan-gv¡-hnX \nÀ½n¨ ap\nbpw tZh-·mÀkvXpXn- -t]-£n- -t¸mÄ Dugn-bnÂ Zi-c-Y-]p-{X-\mbv Ah-X-cn¨v BZy-Im-e¯v Akm-[m-c-W-Ir-Xy-§-sfÃmw sNbvXv {iocm-a³ Bgn-am-Xns\ hos-Sp- Xp ]d-bp-¶-Xn\v _p²nbpw HmÀ½bpw \ÂI-tW. (th-cn-Xn-gv¡n\ Xan-gv¡-hn-]-ssS¯ ap\n "\½mÄhmÀ' Bbn-cn-¡mw. "\Ã-I- n-b-s\mtcm ]X-§sf' F¶ ]mThpw Dv).

(taX þ ta[; _p²n, HmX þ kap-{Zw, XpbnÂ þ Dd-¡w, A®Â þ Cuizc³, Acp-s´m-gnÂIÄ þAkm-[m-c-W-{]-hr- n-IÄ, Bgn-am-\n\n þ e£vao tZho).

10. Bgn-am-Xns\ \nNm-N-c-h-c³ IhÀ¶p-sImþ

mSn-am-X-¦Ä hcpw ap¶w ad- -h-gntb

Dugn-aoXp \S-¶âp Ihn-a-¶-\p-d-hmþ

tbmSn \mSp-sI-th-b-cn-IÄ \mep XnssNbpw

Iogp-taepw hn\-hnâ-f-hnÂ hmbp-X-\-b³

tISn-ÃmX aXn-sbmSp Xnc-sbmgn IS-¶þ

½mg-\oÄan-gnsb ssaXn-ensb t\Sn-sbm-cn-cmþ

amÂ ]p\- -a-bp-ssc- -Xn-\-cn- -sa-§-fmÂ

Bibw : cma-N-cn-X- nsâ apJ-hp-c-bmbn Icp-Xm-hp¶ H³]Xp ]m«p-IÄ¡p tijw IY-bn-te¡v{]th-in-¡p-¶p. koXm-tZ-hnsb cmh-W³ A]-l-cn- p-sImv hÀj-Im-e-amhpw ap³t] ad-ª-h-gnsb {iocm-a³ `qan-bn-eqsS \S¶ B Ime¯v hm\-c-cm-Pmhv (kp-{Kn-h³) "kvt\l-t¯msS HmSnAt\z-jn-¡p-hn³' F¶p ]d-ª-X-\p-k-cn¨v hm\-c-·mÀ \mep Zn¡nepw Iogpw taepw At\z-jn-¡p-¶-Xmb kµÀ`- nÂ hmbp-]p-{X-\mb l\p-am³ ]ng-bv¡m¯ _p²n-tbm-Sp-IqSn alm-k-ap{Zw IS¶vAg-ImÀ¶, \o angn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ssaYn-ensb At\z-jn- -Xmb B cm{Xn A\p- -hn¨ Zp:JwhÀWn-¡pI F\n¡p {]bm-k-ap-Å-Xm-Wv.

(B-Sn-amkw þ IÀ¡n-S-I-amkw /hÀj-Im-ew, \mSpI þ At\z-jn-¡p-I, Xnb þ Zni, hn\-hnâ-fhv þsN¶v At\z-jn-¡p¶ kµÀ`- nÂ, amg-\oÄangn þ Ag-IpÅ It®m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ, ]p\- -aþ [cn- ,Acn¸w þ {]bm-kw)

11. amÂ ]p\- -h-\-dn´W-ª-§-¦p-eo-bhpw

ame-hmÀIp-g-en-segpw aWn ssIs¡mÅpw apt¶

thÂ s]mcp¶ angn-bmÄ¡p \ÂIn-b-s¸m-gp-Xnte

taXnÂ hogv -Sn-]-Sn´p hnSbpw sXmgp-Xp-t]mbv

tNÂ s]mcp- p-a-cn-ho-c³ Ae-sbmgn IS-¶þ

¯oc-sa-bvXn-cp-s¶m¬ Ihn-IÄ Nqgv´n-\mb ss]þ

¼mÂ s]mcp´pw samgn-bmÂ samgn- -\³ sXmgp-sXÃmw

]mÀa-¶³ Xs¶mSp ssaXn-en-bptS Ncn-X-ta.

Bibw : A§s\ Zp:Jw kln¨ l\p-am³ koX Ccn-¡p¶ Øew Adnªv A§p sN¶v, koXIdp- -ap-Sn-bnÂ [cn- n-cp¶ cXv\w (Nq-Um-a-Wn) kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap³]mbn thÂ t]mse IqÀ¶I®p-I-fpÅ tZhn¡v AwKp-eobw \ÂIn. At¸mÄ¯s¶ `qan-bnÂ hoWv ImÂ¡Â \a-kvI-cn¨vbm{Xbpw ]dªv `wKn-tb-dnb/ kz`m-h-Kp-W-amÀ¶ hm\-c-ho-c³ kap-{Zhpw IS-¶v Xo-cs¯¯nbhm\-c-·m-cmÂ Npä-s¸«v a[p-c-apÅ \dpw ]men\p tbmPn¨ samgn-bmÂ {iocm-a-t\mSp koXm-hr- m-



-§Ä ]d-ªp. (I-]n-¡p Ihn-sb-¶mWp ]gb cq]w).

(am-e-hmÀIp-gÂ þ Ccpp at\m-l-c-amb apSn, Xocw FbvXn þ Xocw {]m]n- p, C\nb þ a[p-c-apÅ,]mÀa-¶³ þ cmPm-hv)

cmw ]Sew

1. ssaXn-en-X-¶psS Ncn-X-saÃmw hm\-c-ho-c-\p-ssc-¡-t¡«p

sNbvXa \âp \obâp-ssc- p-t¯³ samgn-bmsf \n\- n-cp´p

s]bvX\ I®p-\o-tcm-Sp-Iq-S-t -s -Sp-¶-c-N-s\-s¯m-gp-X-ssW´p

ssIX-h-ta-Xp-an-ÃmX hoc³ Ihn-Ip-e- -c-NÀ¡p-a-c-N³ sNm¶m³.

Bibw: hm\-c-ho-c-\mb l\p-am³ koX-bpsS Ncn-X-saÃmw sNm¶-Xp-tI«v "\o sNbvXXp \¶mbn'F¶p ]dªv tX³ samgn-bm-sf- än (ko-Xsb) hnNm-cn¨v I®o-scm-en- n¨p Zp:Jn¡p¶ {iocm-as\sXmgp-Xp-sImv I]-S-sam-¶p-an-Ãm¯ hoc-\mb hm\-c-Ip-e-cm-Pmhv kp{Ko-h³ C§s\ ]d-ªp.

2. Ac-NÀIÄtIm-t\, tat·-ecpw XpbÀ ]nSn- o-h®w

]pcn-Ip-g-emsf \®n-t¸m-¡p-h-XÃ Imew

Ccp-]Xp Ic-¦Ä X¦pw Ce-¦-th- -s\-sbm-cn-¡mÂ

Icp-XpI IfI tNmIw ssIs¡mÄI tIm]-an-t¸mÄ

Bibw : (kp{Ko-h-hm-Iyw) AÃtbm cmPm-[n-cm-P³ hopw hopw sImSnb B[n-]n-Sn¨v Cu hn[w{]nb-sb- n- n¨v Imew If-bp-¶Xp \¶-Ã. Ccp-]-Xp-I-c-§-fpÅ e¦m-[n-]s\ Hcn-¡Â hnNm-cn- v,timIw Dt]-£n¨v Ct¸mÄ tIm]w hcn-¡p-I. (c, e F¶o A£-c-§Ä kzcw tNÀt¯ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p-Åq. Ce¦ þ Ccm-h-W³, Ce-¡-W³, Cc-v, Ccm-a³ F¶n-§-s\).

3. ssIs¡mÄI tIm]-t¯msS IXnÀhn-Ãp-a¼pw; X¡n³þ

Xn¡n\p \S-¡p-amdp Xncp-hp-Å-am-hp-XmI

C¡ ]S-X-Sp- m³ Ggn-c-p-e-Ip-an-t¸mþ

sgm¡n-ep-a-cn- -saâmÂ Hcp-h-cm-cp-e-In-ep-tÅmÀ

Bibw : tIm]-amÀ¶v Xnf-§p¶ hnÃp-a¼pw FSp-¡p-I. sX¡p-Zn-¡n-te¡v \S-¡m³ Xncp-hp-Å-am-bm-epw. C¡ ]Ssb XSp-¡m³ ]Xn-\m-ep-temIw H- p-tNÀ¶mepw {]bm-k-am-sW-¶n-cns¡ BcmWv`qan-bnÂ HcmÄ XS-bm-\p-Å-Xv.

4. Hcp-h-cm-cp-e-InÂ \nt¶m-sSm- -ap-Å-h-sc, sâÃmw

Dc-anIpw Np¡n-co-h³ DWÀ¯n-\-h- -c- nÂ

Ac-NÀtIm-\-\p-a³ Xt¶m-SWn ]pI-gn-e-¦-th-t´³

Ncn-Xhpw \I-cn-epÅ Na-bhpw \o sNmsÃâm³.

Bibw: \nt¶m-sSm¸w temI- nÂ Bcm-Wp-ÅXv ? Fs¶Ãmw kp{Ko-h³ DWÀ¯nb kabw{iocm-a³ l\p-am-t\mSv ]pI-gmÀ¶ e¦m-[n-]sâ Ncn-Xhpw \K-c- nse Hcp-¡hpw sNmÃpI F¶p]d-ªp.

5. sNmÃn-\m-\-h-\n-e¦ NpgâpÅ InS-§nSw sIm þ

nÃ Iosgm-Sp-¡-taXpw, CS-I-eÀ´n-S-hn-SmsX

\Ã-hmÄ Ip´w Nqew \dp- -fn-I-ssS´ \qän þ

s¡mÃnsbânh \ndp- n-s¡m-Sp- -am-n-cn- p-tX-gpw.

Bibw : C\n-bpÅ GXm\pw ]m«p-IÄ l\p-amsâ e¦m-hÀW-\-am-Wv.

e¦sb¨pän-bpÅ InS§v hnkvXmcw sImpw Bgw sImpw Ah-km-\-an-Ãm- -XmWv (A-Xn-hn-kvXr-Xhpw AXy-Km-[hpw F¶p kmcw). CS-I-eÀ¶pw CS-hn-Sm-sXbpw \Ã hmÄ, Ip´w, iqew,NmWbv¡p ]nSn¨pw cmInbpw shSn- m-¡nb \qän-s¡mÃn (i-X-Lv\n) F¶o Bbp-[-§Ä Dd- n- p-\nÀ¯n-bn-«pÅ b-¦-c-§-fmb InS-§p-I-fmWv Ah Ggpw. e¦sb Npän-bpÅ Ggp-In-S-§p-I-fpsSbpw



`n¯n-bn-emWv Bbp-[-§Ä \nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. AXn-\p-ÅnÂ \nd- n-cn-¡p¶ Pe- nÂ hoWmÂIc-I-b-dm-\pÅ _p²n-ap«v kv]jvS-am-¡p¶ hÀW-\-bm-Wn-Xv.

6. Ggn\papf IS- m-\n-b- n-c- mew Npäpw,

Iog-dp-ah \nss\- mÂ tIhew ]I-tbm-sc-Ãmw,

tImg-b-äXp Ing-¡n³ tIm]pcw Im¸m³ \nev]À

Dugn-sb-bp-sse¡mw hocÀ Hcp-]-Xn-\m-bncw Im¬

Bibw: InS-t§gpw IS-¡p-¶-Xn\v Npäpw b{ - mew Dv. Ah-tb-¡p-dn¨p hnNm-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ¯s¶i{Xp-¡-sfÃmw a\-Êm-¶n-[y-an-Ãm- -h-cm-IpI Xs¶ sN¿pw (Io-sg- -Xn-¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw). A\yq-\-amb Ingt¡ tKm]pcw Im¡m³ `qan-sb-hn-d- n-¡m³ t]m¶ ]Xn-\m-bncw hoc-·mÀ \nev]p-v.

7. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-t¯m-sSm-s¯m-cp- t\ t]mÀ sN¿m-hþ

Xncp-]-Xn-\m-bncw sX¡n-c-«n-bp--XnÂ hSt¡m

apc-sWmSp Im¸m³ sNt½ ap -Xn-\m-bncw h³þ

]c-hbpw Ipebv¡mw hocÀ ]¨n-a-Xn-N-bp-tf-Xpw.

Bibw : Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw t]tcmSv Häbv¡p \n¶p t]mcm-Sm³ Ign-bp-¶-h-cmb Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bncwt]À sXt¡-tKm-]p-c- nepw AXnsâ Cc«n hS¡pw Dv. alm-k-ap-{Zhpw InSp-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ ap -Xn-\m-bncw hocÀ ]Sn-ªmtd Zn¡nepw Dv. (\mep Zn¡nepw IqSn Hcp e£w t]cmWv \K-cs¯Im¯p-t]m-cp-¶-Xv).

8. XnN-I-fn-te-XnÂ ]mXn Xn×tNÀ \Sp-hp-Im- m³

aN-I-d-b-Xn-en-c«n a´n-c-Nme Im¸m³,

IpNÂanIpw ab-\m-Nmcn Iph-c\p Nssa¯ tImbnÂ

XN-ap-I-\n-c- -sXâmÂ Na-b-am-c-Xn-\p-ssc-t¸mÀ?

Bi-bw: \mep-Zn-¡p-I-fn-ep-ap-Å-XnÂ ]IpXn ]S-bm-fn-IÄ Dd- p-ff a[y- mKw Im¡p-¶-Xn\pw a{ -ime Im¡m³ AXn-en-c-«nbpw Imh-ep-v. Iuie- nÂ anI¨ ab³ F¶ inev]n Ipt_-c\p thnNa¨ sIm«m-c- nÂ Zi-ap-J-\n-cn-¡p-¶p. B sIm«m-c- nsâ Hcp-¡-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]d-bp-¶-Xn-\mÀ¡pIgnbpw ? (Ip-t_-c\p thn \nÀ½n¨ Cu sIm«mcw Ipt_-cs\ HmSn¨v cmh-W³ ssIh-i-s -Sp- p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. \Sp- mKw Im¡m³ A¼-Xn-\m-bn-chpw a{ -ime Im¡m³ Hcp e£hpw ]S-bm-fn-IÄDv).

9. Dssc- -XmÀ Ip aotm-cp-dp-Xnbpw \I-cn-X-¶nÂ

Ccn- -hÀ s]cn- -sa-¦p-an-S-I-eÀ´n-S-hn-Sm-sX,

\nssc-s¡mtcm ]mtS NmSpw \nNm-N-cÀs]-cpa ]ns¶

Dssc-¡-em, aXnÀ¡p-ap-¶-ep-g-dn-bmâp-c- ³ hocm !

Bibw : e¦m-\-K-c- nsâ Dd¸pw \K-c-hm-kn-I-fpsS s]cphpw s]cp-abpw Iv aS-§n-h¶p ]d-bm³ BÀ¡p Ignbpw ? CS-I-eÀ¶pw CS-hn-Sm-sXbpw \nc¶p \n¶v AShp ]b-äp¶ cm£-k-·m-cpsS s]cpa ]ns¶- -d-bmw. AXn\p apt¶ thK- nÂ Rm³ H¶p ]d-bmw.

10. hocÀX³ aWn-hn-f-t¡, sas·m-gn-bm-sf-¡m-×m³

Bsc-\-¡p-X-Ip-thm-scâ-I-a-gâp-gâ t\cw

XmcnssS aWw ]pWÀ´p Xcp--\nc XssS- p-t]m´

amcpX tXh³ h´p hgn-bn-sXâ-cp-fn-s -bvXm³

Bibw : hoc-·mÀ¡p a\n-hn-f-¡m-bp-Å-h-t\, arZp- m-jn-Wn-sb-¡m-Wm³ Bsc-\n¡v DXIpw F¶vDÅw X]n¨v Aeªp t\cw ]q¡-fpsS kpKÔw ]pWÀs¶-Sp- p-sImv Xcp-\n-c-I-fnÂ XSªvaµ-ambn hoinb hmbp- -K-hm³ "hgn CXmWv' F\¶p kqNn- n¨v A\p-{K-ln- p. (l-\p-amsâ ]nXm-hmWv hmbp `K-hm³).



11. AcpÄ sNbvX hgntb t]mbv \Ã-tNm-I-am-h-\nI ]q¡p

¶nc ]e-hm-bv¨p-gâ \nNm-N-cn-amÀ¡p-ap-ÅnÂ

Hcp s]cp-a-Xn³Io-gp-SÂ s]mSn-b-Wn´p Ip¼nþ

«cp-h-bÀa-Wn-sb-¡-t-\-I-e-th-bn-cp- -hm-dpw.

Bibw: hmbp- -K-hm³ kqNn- n¨ hgntb -t]mbn Atim-I-h-\n-I-bnÂ {]th-in¨v ]e-\n-c-bmbv Npän-bn-cp-¶n-cp¶ \nim-N-cn-am-cpsS \Sp-hnÂ Hcp s]cp-a-c- n³ (inw-i-]m-hr-£-s¯-bmWv Ihn kqNn- n-¡p-¶-Xv) Nph-«nÂ DSÂ apgp-h³ s]mSn-b-Wnªv Ip¼n-«n-cn-¡p¶ kpµ-co-c-Xv\-amb koXsb AIseCcp-¶-t¸mÄ¯s¶ Rm³ Ip.

aq¶mw ]Sew

1 Ccp´h®-ta-bn-cpÄa-ssd- n-Xn-S-Xq-cþ

¸c´ IpssSbpw- Xssgbpw sh¬N-hcn aäpw

Ic- p aS-hmÀ XpXnsN¿-¡-\n-hnÂ h´mþ

\ncp apInÂt]m-se-gp-an-cm-h-W-\n-X- mÂ

Bibw: A§s\bncp-¶-t¸mÄ Ccp«p ad-ªp.-C-S-XqÀ¶p ]c¶ ]Sbpw IpS sh©m-acw XpS-§nbcqP-Io-b-Nn-Ó-§fpw Dds¡ kvXpXn sN¿p¶ kpµ-cn-amcpw FÃm-ambn ImÀap-InÂ t]mse tim`n-¡p¶ cmh-W³ I\n-hn-b¶v k´p-jvS-\mbn h¶p-tNÀ¶p. þ (Zo]-§-fp-sSbpw cXv\-§-fp-sSbpw {]`-bmÂ Ccp«p ad-ªp-sht¶m t\cw shfp- p-sht¶m ChnsS AÀ°w ]d-bmw)

2 CX-s¯m-S-h³h- -ssW-ªn-ssa- -Xn-\p-apt¶

IpXn- p-a-d-t´³ Ipfn-cnfw Xfn-cn-SssSt¸mbv

]X¯fn-cnÂ ho®p ]X-dn-¡p-eªp Nmeþ

¯pXn¯p ]ns¶ \mep hgnbpw sXmgpXpsNm¶m³

Bibw:(l-\p-a-Zzm-Iyw) Ah³ kt´m-j-t¯msS h¶-Sp- -t¸mÄ Hcp \nanjw sImv IpfnÀa-bpÅ Cfw-X-fn-cp-I-fpsS CS-bnte¡v IpXn¨p Rm³ Hfn- p. cmh-W-\m-Is« Xfn-cp-t]mse at\m-l-c-amb koX-bpsS ]mZ-§-fnÂhoWv ]cn-{`-an¨v Gsd kvXpXn- n«v FÃm-co-Xn¡pw sXmgpXp sNm¶p.

3 sNm¶h ]gn-s¯mcp sNmÃm-ep-c-sN-bvXm-sfmþ

â¶-\-ssSbmÄ; ]ns¶-b-Xp¡p Nn\-ao-Sn.

\n¶p-SÂ ]nfÀ´p \nv-Whpw ]cp-In-bn-t¸mþ

sg¶n-SÀ sISp- -\n-\n-sb-sâ-h-\-ssW´m³

Bibw: cmh-W³ ]d-ª-Xns\ \nµn¨v A¶-\-S-bmÄ Htc-sbmcp hm¡v Dc-sN-bvXp. AXp-tI«vtIm]w hÀ²n¨v C\n \nsâ DSÂ ]nfÀ¶v càw IpSn¨v Fsâ Zp:Jw CÃm-Xm¡pw F¶p ]dªvtIm]-t¯msS Ah³ ASp- p.

4 AssW´ Ic-hmÄ Xncp-hp-S¼nhangpw ap³

IpWwInfÀ \nNm-Ncn IpXn- p-]n-Sn-s]-«mÄ

aWw-X-Ip- a-eÀ¡p-gÂ aS- -b-sc-Ãmcpw

hW¦ aX-aoSn \S-sIm--h³ assd- m³

Bibw:tIm]n-jvT-\m-bn-«-Wª cmh-Wsâ Ic-hmÄ koX-bpsS ico-c- -angpw apt¼ KpW-h-Xn-bmb Hcp cm£kn IpXn¨p sN¶p ]nSn- p. aW-apÅ aeÀ apSn-bn-e-Wn-ªn-«pÅ kpµ-cn-amÀ hW-§th hÀ²n¨ aZ-t¯msS Ah³ (cm-h-W³) \S¶p ad-ªp. KpW-h-Xn-bmb Cu cm£kn aWvtUm-Zcnsb¶v Fgp- -Ñ\pw [\y-am-en-\n-sb¶v hmevao-Inbpw ]d-bp-¶p.

5 assd- -\-\-c-¡³, hfÀNq-e-§fpw hmfpw

\nd- \ Npg-sâgpw \nNm-N-cn-IÄ I¿nÂ;

]ssd´p XpS§n NneÀ \ns¶- n-cn-ª-XnÂ ]n³



ad- -\-\n-cm-a\n§p hâ-Xp-an-sÃâpw

Bibw: cm£-k³ ad-ªp. Npän\pw \n¶n-cp¶ \nim-N-cn-I-fpsS ssIbnÂ henb iqe-§fpwhmfpw \nd-ªp. NneÀ C§s\ ]d-ªp-Xp-S-§p-Ibpw sNbvXp.-þ-cm-a³ \ns¶ ]ncn-ª-XnÂ¸ns¶ ad-¶p.-C§p h¶-Xp-an-Ã.

6 Fâp-an\n \n§-fn-e-W-ªn-W-§n-hmcm;

aân-ep-bn-tcm-S-h\p hmgp-anÃ \oWmÄ;

shân-In-fÀ\mSp shdp-tX-I-f-ªp-t]m-¶m³

Fâp-sa-fn-tbm³ s]cn-I-tX-bn-Xn\p aqew.

Bibw: cm£-kn-amÀ XpSÀ¶p......-C\n Hcn-¡epw \n§Ä X½nÂ H¶n¨v CW-§p-I-bn-Ã. `qan-bnÂAh\v \o-\mÄ Pohn-X-hp-an-Ã. hnPbw IeÀ¶ \mSv shdpsX Ifªp t]mcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.AXn\p ImcWw asäm-¶p-aÃ .. Ah³ F¶pw Xosc {XmWn-bn-Ãm- -h³ Xs¶.

7 aqe-anÃ ap¶-an-¶n-Nm-N-c-h-c-·mÀ

Nme shSn-hm-\h\,tXm Nc-X-an¶pw

Ime-an-S-bn-«-dn-bemw Ign-ª-shÃmw

\oe-\-bt\!\ne \n\-¡n-X sNmÃntâmw

Bibw: Cu \nim-N-c-t{i-jvT-·mÀ \ns¶ ]qÀW-ambpw Dt]-£n- m³ Imc-W-sam-¶p-an-Ã.-cm-a\v AXpkq£va-am-bn-«-dn-bmw.-A-sXÃmw Imew sNÃp-t¼mÄ Adn-bm-dm-Ipw. Imcy-§-fpsS bYmÀ°- ØnXnIgn-bp-¶n-S-t¯mfw R§Ä ]d-ªp-X-cp-¶p.

8 Câp-ap-X-em-bn-\n-bn-cm-I-h-\nÂ \n¶--þ

s¼mâp hf-cnân-Xn§p cmh-W-\n-em-\mÂ

hâ ]ng-sb´p? hfÀ]-Ån-bd ]qhm-þ

\nâp-Xp-\n-ªm--en-SÀ \n\-¡d \ne-bv¡pw

Bibw: cmL-h-\nÂ hf-cp-¶-Xmb \nsâ kvt\lw C¶p-ap-XÂ cmh-W-\n-em-bmÂ hcp¶ ]ng-sb-´mWv? cmh-Wsâ aln-a-tb-dnb ]Ån-bdbnÂ {]th-in-¡p-¶-Xn\p Xp\n-ªmÂ C¶p \nsâ Zp:J§-sfÃmw Ah-km-\n-¡pw.

9 \nsse-¡-bnÃ \n³ s]cp-a-sb-¦n-e-Xn-t\Xpw

Nen- p-h-scmÃm sXN-ap-I³ ]ndhn \®n

]pe- n-b\p \ -\\p ssa -\n-h-s\âmÂ

Ipe- n\pw \e- n-\p-an-h¶p Id-hptm?

Bibw: A§-s\-bm-sW-¦nÂ \nsâ t{ijvTX \ne-bv¡p-I-bn-Ã. Zi-ap-Jsâ ]nd-hn-tb- än Nn´n¨vCXn-s\m«pw ktµlw hc-cp-Xv. ]pe-kvXysâ \µ-\sâ ]p{X-\mWv Ch³ F¶p ]d-ªmÂ Ipe¯ns\mkmaÀ°y- ns\m hÃ Ipdhpw ]d-bm-\psm? ({_-Òm-hnsâ ]p{X\pw {]Pm-]-Xn-I-fne Hcm-fp-amb hn{i-h-ÊmWv cmh-Wsâ ]nXm-hv.-hw-i-am-lm-ßytam kmaÀ°ytam hyà-am-¡m³ CXnÂ¡q-Sp-XÂ sXfn-hnsâ Bh-iy-anÃ)

10 Ch¶p Ipd-hn-Ã-bn\n \n½n-en-W-§m-bvInÂ

Xhw s]cnb \n¶p-SÂ ]nf´pNI-ent¯

Ch-®-an-hn-tS-bn-cp¶p Xn¶n-S-bntS \Âþ

¨ph¶ Ipcp-Xn-¡fn XpSÀ¶p ]cp-Intâmw

Bibw: cmh-W\p bmsXmcp Ipd-hp-an-Ã. C\nbpw \n§Ä X½nÂ CW-§m-Xn-cp-¶mÂ X]-kzn-\n-bmb \nsâ icocw ]nfÀ¶p IjWw Ij-W-am¡n CXp-t]mse Chn-sS-bn-cp¶v Xn¶pIbpw Nph¶cà-¡p-g¼v IpSn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.

11 XSÀs¶³ sa¿nÂ \n§Ä hfÀNq-e-§Ä\-S- nþ

¡pssS´p Ipcp-Xn- p\Â IpSn-¡n-ep-sa-¶pÅw

sImSpw Nne Xcn- cNÀtIm-\-Sn-a-eÀ¡o



gssS´p hÃm ]ncn-h-sXân-XcpÄ sNbvXmÄ.

Bibw: \n§-sfsâ ico-c- nÂ ]e-Xcw iqe-§Ä Ibän càw IpSn- mepw sImSnb hntÃ- nbcmPm-[n-cm-Psâ ]mZ-]-Zva-§-fnÂ A`bw {]m]n¨ Fsâ DÅw AhnsS \n¶p ]ncn-bpI {]bm-k-amWv

cma-N-cnXw ]Þn-X-{i-²-bnÂ BZy-ambn sImp-h-¶Xv slÀ½³ KpÀ«m-Wv. 1872-þÂ At±lwcNn¨ ae-bmfw þ Cw¥ojv \nL-p-hnÂ cma-N-cn-X- nÂ \n¶v D²-c-Wn-IÄ kzoI-cn- n-«p-v. CuImhy- n\v cma-N-cnXw F¶ t]cv BZyw \ÂIn-bXpw KpÀ«m-Wv. cma-N-cn-X- nsâ BZy-s¯ap¸Xp ]S-e-§Ä sImÃ-hÀjw 1092-þÂ (1917) "{]mNo-\-a-e-bmf amXr-I-IÄ' H¶mw- m-K- nÂ DÅqÀ{]kn-²o-I-cn- p. cma-N-cnXw ]qÀW-amb cq]- nÂ shfn¨w IXv 1932 þ Â BWv. Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀKh¬saânsâ "{ioNn-t{Xm-Zb aRvPcn' `mjm-{K-Ùm-h-en-bnÂ \memw \¼-cmbn kmw_-in-h-im-kv{Xn-I-fmWv A¶v AXv {]kn-²o-I-cn- -Xv. ]n¶oSv cma-N-cn-X- nse 90 ]S-e-§Ä aq¶v `mK-§-fmbnhymJym-\-k-lnXw Cfw-Ipfw {]kn-²o-I-cn- p. 164 ]S-e-§fpw 1814 ]m«p-I-fp-a-S-§nb AXn-_r-l- mbCu {]mNo-\-{KÙw s{]m^. ]n.-hn.-Ir-jvW-¶m-b-cpsS Kth-j-Wm-ß-I-amb Bap-J-t¯mSpw hymJym-\-t¯mSpw IqSn tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan 1979þÂ {]kn-²o-I-cn- n-«p-v. cma-N-cn-X- n\v Kth-j-Wm-ß-I-amb Ah-Xm-cnI X¿m-dm-¡n-bXv ]n.-hn. IrjvW³ \mb-cm-Wv. ""cma-N-cnXw Hcp hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-amb ]T\w'' F¶mWv Ah-Xm-cn-I-bpsS t]cv.

D®n-b- o-N-cn-X-Im-c³, D®n- n-cp-tX-ho-N-cn-X-Im-c³, sNdp-tÈ-cn, ]p\w, Fgp- -Ñ³, I®-È³ XpS-§n-b-h-sc-sbms¡ cma-N-cn-X-Im-c³ kzm[o-\n- n-«p-v. A²ymß cmam-bWw Infn- m-«nse ]e Bi-b-§Ä¡pw hÀW-\-IÄ¡pw cma-N-cn-X-t¯mSp cà_-Ô-ap-v. {]mNo-\-N-¼p-¡-fnse \mbn-Im-hÀ®-\-Ifpw Ir-jvW-Km-Y-bnse Aw_n-Im-hÀWhpw cma-N-cn-X- nse koXm-hÀ®-\-bnÂ \n¶pw {]tNm-Z-\-apÄs¡mv cq]o-I-cn-- -Xm-Wv. Xan-g-IÀ¡p I¼-cm-am-bWw F{]-Im-c-amtWm A{]-Im-c-apÅ Hcp IrXn-bmbn CXv tIc-fo-b-cpsS a\-ÊnÂ Pohn-¡-W-sa¶ Nn´ CXnsâ \nÀ½n-Xn¡p ]nd-InÂ Dv. aWn-{]-hm-f- mj ASn-¡Sn hfÀ¶v tIc-fo-b-cpsS am\-I- m-jsb cq]-s -Sp- p-I-sb¶ {]{Inb kw -hn- n-cp-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ I¼-cm-am-b-W- n\v C¶p Xan-g-cpsS DÅn-epÅ Øm\w ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS a\-ÊnÂ cma-N-cn-X- n\pw Dm-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Fw. eoem-hXn \nco-£n-¡p-¶p. ]nÂ¡m-e v hyh-lm-c- m-j-bnÂh¶ amäw cma-N-cn-Xs¯ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v AK-ay-am-¡n- oÀ¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

Xncp-\n-gÂame

]m«n\p eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ \ÂIp¶ e£Ww ]qÀ®-ambpw ]men-¡p¶ asämcp IrXn-bmWv Xncp-\n-gÂame. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mb-cmWv Cu IrXn Is-Sp¯v 1981 Â {]kn-²o-I-cn- -Xv. 539Cuc-Sn-Ifpw 97 ]m«p-I-fp-apÅ Cu IrXn 87 Hme-I-fn-embn tcJ-s -Sp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. tIc-fo-b-ambPohn-X-co-Xn-sbbpw BNmc acym-Z-I-sfbpw hnizm-k-§-sfbpw kw_-Ôn¨v ]e Adn-hp-Ifpw \evIp¶Imhy-km-{µ-amb Cu {KÙw ]e-Xp-sImpw Hc-\-\z-b-am-Wv. Imhymhkm-\- nÂ IrXn-bpsS t]cpw{KÙ-Im-csâ t]cpw kqNn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. tKmhn-µ³ F¶mWv {K-Ù-Im-csâ t]cv. Cu hyàn-bpsStZiw kw_-Ônt¨m thsd Imhy-§Ä cNn- n-«ptm F¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dnt¨m IqSp-XÂ hnh-c-§-sfm¶pwXs¶ e`y-am-bn-«n-Ã. Imhy- nsâ cN-\m-Im-es¯ kw_-Ôn¨p `n¶m- n-{]m-b-§Ä ImWp-¶p. 12-þmw\qäm-n\p tij-apÅ IrXn-bm-sW-¶XnÂ BÀ¡pw XÀ¡-an-Ã. {InkvXz_vZw 1200\pw 1300\pw CS-bv¡m-hWw cN-\m-Im-e-sa¶v Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mbÀ A`n-{]m-b-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p. Imhy- nsâ{]mcw- - nÂ¡m-Wp¶ AÀ²-\m-co-izc kvXpXn 13-þmw iX-I- nse cN-\-I-fmb D®n-b¨n Ncn-X-¯nepw D®n¨ncp-tXhn Ncn-X- nepw ImWp¶ kvXpXn- n-t\mSp kmZr-iy-ap-Å-Xm-sW¶ hkvXp-X-bmWv Cu A`n-{]m-b- n-te¡v At±-ls¯ \bn-¡p-¶-Xv. XangvIhn-bmb I¼-sc-¡p-dn¨v IrXn-bnÂ]cm-aÀiw ImWp-¶p-v. AXn-\mÂ I¼-cpsS Pohn-X-Im-e-hp-ambn _Ô-s -Sp¯n {In.-]n.1200 \ptijsa¶pw A`n-{]m-b-§Ä ImWp-¶p. C¯-c- n-epÅ hkvXp-X-IÄ¡- pdw `mjm-]-c-amb khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw 13-þmw iX-I- nse IrXn-bm-sW-¶-Xn\v B[m-c-ambn ]pcp-tjm- -a³\mbÀ Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. {]mNo\ aWn-{]-hmf IrXn-I-fntem ]m«p Imhy-§-fntem {]tbm-Kn- n-«n-Ãm¯ \nc-h[n{]mNo\]Z-§Ä Xncp-\n-gÂame-bnÂ ImWp-¶p-v. {ZanUkwLm-X-]mTw IrXy-ambn ]n´p-S-cm³ Ihn{i²n- n-«p-v. {ZanUkwLm-X-_-²-amb kwkvIrX]Z-§Ä Xncp-\n-gÂ ame-bnÂ hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv.cma-N-cn-X- nÂ C¯cw ]Z-§Ä hf-sc-tbsd ImWm-\m-hp-sa-¶Xpw {it²-b-am-Wv.

"cma-N-cn-X-Imew Ignªv Ht¶m ctm \qäm-n-\p-ÅnÂ A¡m-e¯p ]ms«-gp-Xm-\p-]-tbm-Kn- n-cp¶ `mj-bnÂ hnc-Nn-X-amb Imhy-amWv Xncp-\n-gÂame'sb¶ [mc-Wsb Ime-kw-_-Ôn-bmb Cu\nco-£-W-§Ä ZpÀº-e-s -Sp- p-¶p. 12-þmw iX-I-amWv cma-N-cn-X-Im-e-sa¶ [mc-W-bnÂ Nn´n-¡p-t¼mÄ am{Xta taÂkqNn- n¨ {]kvXm-h-\bv¡p \ne-\n-ev¸p-Åq. cma-N-cn-X- n-te-¡mÄ {Zan-U-]m-T-



¯n\v Du¶Â \evIp-¶-Xn-\mepw {]mNo\ mjm-kz- m-h-§Ä kwc-£n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mepw cma-N-cn-X-¯n\p ap³]m-bn-cn-¡Ww Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bpsS cN-\. 13-þmw \qäm-mWv Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bpsS cN-\m-Im-e-sa¶ \nco-£-Ws¯ B[m-c-am¡n Nn´n- mepw Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bpsS ]n´p-SÀ -bmWv cma-N-cn-X-sa¶p hcp-¶p. cma-N-cn-X-Imew 1351 BsW-¶-XmWv Ct¶sd AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. C§s\t\m¡p-t¼mÄ {]Ya ]m«p-Imhysa¶ Øm\-t¯¡v Xncp-\n-gÂam-esb ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--Xmbn hcp-¶p.

cma-N-cn-X- m-j-tbmSv GsdbSp- -apÅ `mjmLS-\-bmWv Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bnteXv. ]Zm-h-en, hÀ®-hn-Im-c-§Ä, aäp hymI-cWImcy-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-bn-seÃmw `mj-bpsS {]mNo\ kz`m-h-amWv AXp{]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. kwkvIrX]Z-§Ä Ign-bp-¶Xpw Hgn-hm-¡nbpw {ZmhnU ]Z-§Ä BIm-hp-¶{X D]-tbm-Kn- p-apÅ cN-\m-co-Xn-bmWv CXnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. cN-\m-]-c-amb Imcy-§-fnÂ {Zmhn-U-¯-\na Im¯p-kq-£n-¡p-t¼mgpw Imhy hnj-b- nsâ Imcy- nÂ Btcy-Xn-hr- -§sf ]n³sN-Ãp¶ Hcp ]mc-¼-cy-am-bn-cp¶p cma-N-cnXw apX-epÅ ]m«p IrXn-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n- mÂ ImWm-\m-hp-I.F¶mÂ CXnÂ\n¶v Aev]-sam¶v hyXn-N-en- pÅ Ah-Ø-bmWv Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv.Imhy-hn-j-b- n-\mbn kaq-l-Po-hn-X- n-te-¡mWv Xncp-\n-gÂam-em-Im-c³ t]mbn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. aWn-{]-hmf kmlnXyw kaq-lm-h-Ø-bpsS bYm-XY Nn{XWw ISpw-\n-d- nÂ Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-t¼mÄ Xncp-\n-gÂame hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-amb Hcp kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

hnjbkz`m-h- nepw Ihn-bpsS kao-]\coXn-bnepw IrXnsb P\-Io-b-am-¡n- oÀ¡m-\pÅ XzcImWp-¶p-v. ""cma-N-cnXw {]uV-amb `mj-bnÂ Fgp-Xnb Hcp ¢mknIv Imhyhpw Xncp-\n-gÂameA¶s¯ kmam\y ae-bm-f- nÂ hnc-Nn-X-amb Hcp Km\-Im-hyhpw BsW-¶-Xt{X.'' Chbv¡pX½n-epÅ A´csa¶v Fw. Fw. ]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mbÀ hyà-am-¡p-¶p. CXv Hcp kmam-\y-h-XvI-c-W-am-Wv. Dugn-bnÂ sNdn-b-hÀ¡-dn-bm-\mbn sNmÃp¶ cma-I-YbnÂ Nocm-a³ {]uU- mj D]-tbm-Kn-t¡--Xn-ÃtÃm? C¯-c- n-epÅ [mc-W-IÄ Cu IrXn-bpsS Ime-kw-_-Ôn-bmbn DbÀ¶ kwi-b-§-fnÂ\n¶pw DS-se-Sp¯hbm-Wv. cma-N-cn-Xs¯-¡mÄ {]mIvX\Imhy-ambn Xncp-\n-gÂam-esbAwKo-I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ C¯cw sshcp²y§Ä CÃm-Xm-hp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. IqSp-XÂ {]mNo-\-ambHcp Zi-bnse kmwkvIm-cnI Imem-h-Øbpw `mjm{]tXy-I-Xbpw ]peÀ¯p¶ Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bnÂ\n¶pw cma-N-cn-X-Im-es¯ `mjbv¡p ]cn-Wmaw h¶n-cn-¡-Ww. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§Ä ({Z-an-U-kw-Lm-X-_-²-am-b-h) kzoI-cn-¡p-¶Xpw B hgn-¡pÅ {]tbm-K-§Ä IS-¶p-h-cp-¶Xpw Cu ]cn-WmaNcn-{X- nsâ `mK-am-bn-«m-bn-cn-¡Ww.

aebÀ \S- p¶ A\p-jvTm\ {Inb-bpsS hÀW-\-amWv IrXn-bpsS CXn-hr- w. CXn\p ImcWwIhn¡v Bd-·p-f-b- -t\m-SpÅ àntbm "\ngÂ' F¶ A\p-jvTm\ IÀ½-t¯m-SpÅ A`n-\n-th-itamBh-Ww. D®n- n-cp-tXhn Ncn-X- nepw "\ngÂ' ]cm-aÀiw ImWp-¶p. CXp {]mNo\ tIc-f- nÂ{]Nm-c-ap-m-bn-cp¶ Hc\p-jvTm-\-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw Iq«m-bva-bpsS cq]-am-bn-cp-s¶¶pw Cu hkvXp-X-IÄ kqNn- n-¡p-¶p. Bd-·pf t£{X- nÂ \S-¶n-cp¶ A\p-jvTm\IÀ½-§-fpsS hni-Z-amb hnh-cWw IrXn-bn-ep-v. A¡m-es¯ BNm-c-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw hnhn[ P\-hn- m-K-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw AhÀX-½nÂ \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶ _Ô-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw IrXn-bn-eqsS a\-Ên-em-¡m³ km[n-¡p-¶p-v.C¯-c- nÂ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X- nsâ bYm-XYNn{XWw \evIp¶ Cu Imhys¯ at\m-l-c-ambHcp t^mIvtemÀ cN-\-bmbn Icp-tX--Xp-v.

`mc-X-J-WvU- nse ]Xn-s\«p \mSp-I-fp-sSbpw t]cp-IÄ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ IrXn Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bm-Wv. ]c-ip-cm-a-s\-¡p-dn¨pw ]cm-aÀi-ap-v. F¶mÂ "agp-sh-dnªv tIcfw krjvSn¨p F¶Ã' "apd-sa-dnªv' F¶mWv ImWp-¶-Xv. tIc-f- nÂ \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp¶ hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-§Ä, A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-IÄ, B`n-Nm-c-{]-tbm-K-§Ä, A`ym-k-{]-I-S-\-§Ä, hnhn[ hmZy-§Ä, hnhn[ hn`mKw P\-§Ä, Ah-cpsS {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä F¶n-§s\ kakvX taJ-e-I-sfbpw kv]Àin-¡p¶ Adn-hnsâIe-h-d-bmWv Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-sb¶p ]d-bm³ km[n-¡pw. "Xtâ-Xmb [mÀ½n-I-Nn- -bnepw kphy-à-amb Pohn-Xm-h-t_m-[- nepw Dd- p-\n-¶p-sImv a®nepw hn®n-ep-apÅ FÃm-än-s\bpw t\m¡n-¡m-Wm\pw B ZÀi-\- n\p DNn-X-a-sÃ¶p tXm¶p-¶-hsb ià-amb hnaÀi\ ]cn-lm-k-§-fn-eqsSkao-]n-¡m\pw \½psS sXfn-bm-«-§sf A\p-tam-Zn-¡m\pw `àn-]-c-am-sbmcp hnjbw kzoI-cn¨pImhycN-\-bn-teÀs¸«v B `àn- m-hs¯ Xo£vW-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw AXnÂ \ne-sXänhogm-Xn-cn-¡m\pw Ign-bp¶ Akm-[m-c-W-am-sbmcp hyàn-Xz-amWv Xncp-\n-gÂam-e-bpsS cN-bn-Xm-hnÂImWp-¶Xv.1'

cma-N-cnXw t]mepÅ {]uV-am-sbmcp _rl-ZvIm-hyhpw Xncp-\n-gÂame t]msemcp P\-IobImhyhpw tNÀ¯p-h-bv¡p-t¼mÄ \mw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶Xv ]m«p-{]-Øm\w AXn-hn-]p-e-am-sbmcp Imhy-hn- m-K-am-bn-cp¶p F¶ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXn-{Zp-X-am-sbmcp `mjm-hn-Imk{]{In-b-bnÂ \jvS-s -«p-t]mb Ht«sd IrXn-I-fp-m-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. aWn-{]-hm-f- n\p e£-W-{KÙw Na¨ eoemXne-I-Im-



c³ AXnÂ\n¶p `n¶-amb ]m«ns\ \nÀÆ-Nn-¡m\pw DZm-l-cn-¡m-\pw X¿m-dm-bXv aWn-{]-hm-f-sa-¶-t]mse ]m«n\pw {]m[m-\y-ap-m-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\m-emh-Ww. ae-bmfImhy]mc-¼-cy-am-Ip¶ {]mIvX\Nn{X-¯nsâ kw]q-c-W- n\p klm-b-I-am-tb-¡m-hp¶ Ht«sd IrXn-IÄ C\nbpw Is- n-tb-¡mw.]m«p-{]-Øm-\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨ [mc-W-I-fpsS hn]p-eo-I-c-W- n\pw {]mNo-\-amb `mjm khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw kmwkvIm-cn-Im-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨pw IqSp-XÂ Adn-bp-¶-Xn\pw Cu hgn-¡pÅ ]T-\-§Ä C\nbpw Dm-tI--Xp-v

\ncWw IrXn-IÄ

e£-W-sam¯ ]m«p IrXn-I-fmb cma-N-cn-X- n\pw Xncp-\n-gÂam-ebv¡pw tijw eoem-Xn-eI\nÀÆ-N-\- nÂ \n¶v Aev]mev]w hyXymkw h¶n-«pÅ ]m«p-I-fm-Wp-m-b-Xv. ]m«p-im-J-bpsS ASp-¯-L«w AYhm cmw L«w F¶p hnti-jn- n-¡m-hp¶ Cu Ime- p-mb ]m«p-I-fnÂ {][-m-\s¸«Xv \ncWw IrXn-I-fm-Wv. I®-i-Ir-Xn-I-sf¶pw Chbv¡p t]cp-]-d-bm-dp-v. `mjm-cq] hyh-Øn-Xn-bnepw kmln-Xy-inev] \nÀ½n-Xn-bnepw hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W- nepw {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssi-en-bnepw Hcp\ho-\-L-«s¯ AhÀ DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. sslµh aX-{K-Ù-§-fpsS ]cn- m-j-bn-eqsS tIc-f- nÂHcp kmwkvIm-cnI \thm-°m-\- n\p hgn-sX-fn-¡p-hm³ I®-È³amÀ¡p Ign-ªp. ]nev¡m-e- p-mb IrjvW- m-«n\pw Infn- m-«n-\p-sams¡ amÀKw sXfn-¨psImSp- Xpw Ch-cm-Wv. kwkvIr-X-¯nepw Xan-gn-ep-ap-m-bn-cp¶ Adnhp th-hn[w hn\n-tbm-Kn¨p ]pXn-sbmcp ssNX-\yhpw tXPÊpw\½psS `mjbv¡v ChÀ \evIn. cma-N-cn-X- nÂ \n¶v Fgp- -Ñ³ IrXn-I-fn-te-¡pÅ hfÀ -bpsShgn-bnse apJy \mgn-I-¡-Ãp-I-fmWv \ncWw IrXnIÄ.

\ncWw Ihn-IÄ: Imew, tZiw.

I®-È-s\-¶-dn-b-s -Sp¶ cmam-bW IÀ¯m-hmb cma- -Wn-¡À At±-l- nsâ ]qÀÆnIcmb am[-h- -Wn-¡À, i¦-c- -Wn-¡À F¶o aq¶v Ihn-I-sfbpw tNÀ¯v \ncWw Ihn-I-sf¶p ]d-ªp-h-cp-¶p.Ch-cnÂ cma- -Wn-¡À \nc-W- p-Im-c\pw am[-h- -Wn-¡À ae-bn³Io-gp-Im-c\pw i¦-c- -Wn-¡À shÅm-§-ÃqÀ¡m-c-\p-am-Wv. aq¶p-t]-tcbpw tNÀ¯p \ncWw Ihn-IÄ F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶Xv AhÀ D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp¶ hr¯w H¶m-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\m-em-Wv. B hr¯w \ncWwhr¯w F¶-t]-cnÂ Ct¸mgpw hyh-l-cn- p-h-cp-¶p. cma- -Wn-¡À¡p I®-È³ F¶ t]cp In«n-bXv IpSpw-_-]m-c-¼cyw hgn-bm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. Cu IpSpw-_-]m-c-¼-cy-s¯-¡p-dn¨p Ihn Xs¶ kzIr-Xn-bnÂ (cm-am-b-Ww) kqNn- n- n-«p-v.

\ncWw IrXn-I-fpsS Imew \nÀ®-bn-¡m³ {]Xy£ sXfn-hp-I-sfm-¶p-an-sÃ-¦nepw `mjmcoXnbpwaäv B`y- ckqN-\-Ifpw ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n, ]Xn-\memw \qäm-nsâ D¯-cmÀ²- n\pw ]Xn-\©mw\qämnsâ ]qÀÆmÀ²- n\pw CS-bv¡m-bn-cn¡mw Ch cNn-¡-s -«-sX¶v `mjm ]WvUn-X-·mÀ Icp-Xp-¶p. eoem-Xn-e-I- n-\p-ti-jhpw IrjvW-Km-Ybv¡p ap³]p-amWv Cu IrXn-I-fp-m-b-sX¶p hyà-am-Wv.

\ncWw IrXn-IÄ

I®-È-cm-am-bWw: \ncWw IrXn-I-fnÂ Gähpw anI- -Xmbn cma- -Wn-¡-cpsS I®-È-cm-am-b-Ws¯IW-¡m-¡p-¶p. Bi-b-{]u-Vnbpw hÀ®-\-I-fpsS HuNn-Xyhpw efn-X-tIm-a-f-Im´ ]Zm-h-en-I-fpsSckm-\p-Kp-W-amb hn\ym-k- w-Knbpw I®È cmam-b-Ws¯ tNtXm-l-c-am-¡p-¶p. Im¨n-¡p-d-p¡nbhmevaoIn cmambW-sa-¶mWv Cu IrXnsb hnti-jn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]m«p-km-ln-Xy- n\v _en-jvT-amb{]Xn-jvT, aWn-{]-hm-f- n\v \qX-\-amb Hcp ]cn-Wm-aw, ae-bmf Ihn-Xbv¡p ]pXn-sbmcp am\w F¶nhH¶n- p-m-¡nb cma- -Wn-¡À Xsâ cmam-b-W-sam-¶p-sIm-p-am{Xw Nncw-Po-hn-Xz- n\v AÀl-\m-Wv. tIc-f- m-j-bnse BZys¯ k¼qÀ® cmam-b-W-ambn Cu IrXnsb IW-¡m-¡p-¶p. Xp©-s¯-gp- -Ñsâ B²ym-ßnI cmam-b-W- n\v ae-bm-fn-I-fpsSbnS-bnÂ {]Nmcw In«n-b-t¸mÄ Cu IrXnth{X {i²n-¡-s -SmsX t]mbn F¶n-cn-¡nepw kmln-Xy-ta-·-bnepw `mjm-ip-²n-bnepw CtXsd{i²n-¡-s -tS IrXn-bm-sW¶p \nÊw-ibw ]d-bmw. cma-N-cn-X-Im-c³ "Dugn-bnÂ sNdn-b-hÀ¡v'thn-bmWv Imhy-c-N\ \S- n-b-sX¶v {]kvXm-hn- -Xp-t]mse I®-È³ "aµ-{]-Ú-·mÀ¡-dn-hm-\mbn' cmam-bW IY Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶p-sh¶p ]d-bp-¶p. Cu {]kvXm-h\ kmÀ°-I-am-sW¶p ]d-bm-\m-hn-Ã. kwkvIrX]cn-Nbw Xosc-bn-Ãm- -hÀ¡p a\-Ên-em-Im¯ ]Z-§fpw {]tbm-K-§fpw I®-È-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-v.

I®È mc-Xw, I®-È- m-K-h-Xw, inh-cm{Xn almßyw F¶n-hbpw cma- -Wn-¡-cp-tS-Xm-Wv. F¶n-cn-¡nepw Ch-bvs¡m-¶n\pw cmam-b-W- nsâ ta· Ah-Im-i-s -Sm-\m-hn-Ã. {_Òm-WvU-]p-cmWw KZyhpw\f-N-cnXw ]m«pw cma- -Wn-¡-cp-tS-Xm-sW¶v A`n-{]m-b-ap-Å-h-cp-v. F¶mÂ Ah-bpsS IÀXrXzwkwi-bm-Xo-X-a-Ã.

`mjm `K-h-ZvKoX : am[h¸Wn-¡-cpsS IrXn-bm-Wv `mjm `K-hZvKo-X. hymk`mc-X- nse `K-h-ZvKo-



X-bpsS mjmkwt£-]-amWv CXv. Hgp-¡pÅ mjmssien, Iev]-\m-iàn F¶n-h-bmÂ A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mWv Ihn.`mc-X-ame : i¦-c- -Wn-¡-cpsS IrXn-bmWv `mc-X-am-e. hymk- m-c-X- nsâ kmc-kw-t£-]-am-Wn-Xv.kw{K-lW hnj-b- nÂ Akm-am\y ]mS-h-amWv Ct±lw {]I-Sn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. IrXn-bnÂ Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn ImWp¶ kzX{´ Iev]-\-Ifpw Ae-¦mc {]tbm-K-§fpw HuNn-Xy- m-kp-c-§-fm-Wv. kwt£-]-W- nepw hnjb kzoI-c-W- nepw Fgp- -Ñ³ t]mepw Cu IrXn-sb-bmWv amXr-I-bm-¡n-b-Xv.

\ncWw Ihn-I-fpsS `mjm tkh-\-§Ä\ncWw IrXn-IÄ mjbv¡p \evInb kw`m-h-\-IÄ {][m-\-ambpw aq¶p coXn-bn-emWv. 1. àn-{]-

Øm-\s¯ kPo-h-am¡n hfÀ¯n. 2. ]m«nÂ kss[cyw ]cn-jv¡m-c-§Ä hcp- n. 3. Xcw-Kn-Wn-tbmSv kmZr-iy-apÅ "\ncWw hr¯w' Ah-X-cn- n- p.

1. `àn-{]-Øm\w : 14-þmw iX-I- nÂ¯s¶ `àn-km-lnXyw `mj-bnÂ thtcm-Sn- p-S-§n-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶-Xn\v cma-N-cnXw sXfn-hm-Wv. ]t£ bp²-ImWvUw am{X-amWv CXnÂ {]Xn-]m-Zyw. cma-N-cn-X-¯nÂ \n¶pw I®-È-Ir-Xn-I-fn-te¡p hcp-t¼mÄ AssZzXNn- m-]-²-Xn-bnÂ ASn-bp-d¨p t]mIp¶sshjvWhIhnX àn-amÀ¤- n-sâbpw Úm\-amÀ¤- n-sâbpw a[y-hÀ¯n\ne Ah-ew-_n-¡p-¶p.kmam\y P\-§sf [À½-t_m-[- n-te¡p \bn-¡m³ `ànt¡ Ignbq F¶v Is- nb BZyIhn-IÄ Ch-cm-bn-cp-¶p. ""`mc-Xob mj-Isf hmcn-t¡m-cn- p-WÀ¶v Dt·-j-h- m-¡nb àn-{]-Øm-\- ns\ ae-bmf `mj-bn-te¡v Bhm-ln- p-sIm-p-h¶ alm-am-{´nI·m-cmWv I®-È-·mÀ.'' F¶v]pXp-tÈcn cma-N-{µ³ I®-È-·msc hnti-jn- n-¡p-¶p. Ch-cpsS t\Xr-Xz- n-epÅ `àn-{]-Øm-\-amWv ae-bm-f- n\v kmln-Xy- mjm]Zhn t\Sn-s¡m-Sp- -Xv.

2. ]m«nÂ hcp- nb ]cn-jvImcw : ""{ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_²w FXp-I-tam\ hr¯-hn-ti-j-bpàw ]m«v'' F¶ eoem-Xn-eI \nÀh-N-\s¯ ]qÀ®-ambpw A\p-k-cn-¡m³ I®-È-·mÀ Iq«m-¡n-bn-Ã. ]m«nsâ \nb-a-_-²-X-bnÂ \n¶pw ae-bmf IhnX c£-s]-Sp-¶Xpw kzX-{ -ambn hnI-kn-¡p-¶Xpw \ncWw IrXn-I-fn-em-Wv. [mcmfw kwkvIrX i_vZ-§Ä ChÀ XÕ-a-§-fmbn kzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. hn -ày´ kwkvIrX ]Z-§fpw ImWm-\m-hpw. FXp-I, -tam\ F¶o {]mk-§fpw \njvT-tbmsS]men-¡p-¶n-Ã. `mjm-]-c-ambn kwkvIr-X-t¯mSv CS-ªp-\n-ev¡p¶ ]m«p-kz- mhw amdn, Bcy- m-j-bp-ambn CW-§n-t¸m-Im-\pÅ k¶-²X I®-È-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ ImWmw. CXv `mjsb k¼-¶-am-¡n. B[p-\nI ae-bmfw cq]-s -Sp-¶-Xnsâ BZy e£-W-§Ä Ch-cpsS ]m«p-I-fnÂ ImWm-\m-hpw.

3. \ncWw hr¯w: I®-È-·m-cpsS IrXn-I-fnÂ [mcm-f-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw ]nev¡m-e¯v`mj-bnÂ Ønc-{]-XnjvT t\Sn-b-Xp-amb ZoÀL-X-cw-Kn-Wn-bmWv "\ncWw hr¯w' F¶ t]cnÂ Adn-b-s -Sp-¶-Xv. CXv 16 am{X-IÄ hoX-apÅ Cu cp JWvUnII-f-S-§nb \mev Cuc-Sn-IÄ tNÀ¶-XmWv. CXnÂ \n¶mWv ]nev¡m-e¯v XpÅ-ense Xcw-Kn-Wn-hr¯w hnImkw t\Sn-b-Xv.\ncWwIrXn-I-fnse `mj : ]WvUn-X-\n-co-£-W-§Ä

1. sI. tKmZ-hÀ½ : ""ae-bmf ]Z-§Ä¡v {]m[m-\yhpw Xangv ]Z-§Ä¡pw kwkvIrX ]Z-§Ä¡pwAwK- m-hhpw cN-\m-hn-j-b- nÂ Iev]n-¡-s -«n-«pÅ Hcp `mjm-km-¦-cy-amWv \ncWw IrXn-I-fnÂ{]Xy-£-am-Ip-¶-Xv....'' (tI-cf`mjmhnPvRm-\obw þ 1951).

2. ]n.-hn. them-bp-[³]nÅ : ""{Zmhn-U-hr- -§-fnÂ aWn-{]-hm-f-s¯bpw ]m«n-s\bpw ka-\z-bn- n-¡m-\m-bn-cp¶p Ah-cpsS {iaw. aWn-{]-hm-f-¯n-se-t¸mse kwkvIr-X-hÀ®-§Ä¡qSn X§-fpsS]m«nÂ AhÀ kzoI-cn- p. kwkvIrX{]mXn-]-Zn-I-§-sfbpw hn`-ày´ kwkvIrX ]Z-§-sfbpw Hgn-¨p-\nÀ¯n-bn-Ã, AhÀ. kwkvIrXoIrX `mj am{Xw AhÀ¡{X ]´nbmbn-t¯m-¶n-bn-Ã. Ah-cXvXosc Dt]-£n¨p F¶p-X-s¶-]-d-bmw. F¶mÂ, sN -angv kmlnXy \nb-a-§-fn-sem-¶mb "sN¿pÄhnIm-c-§sf' \ncWw Ihn-IÄ Imhy cN\m kuI-cymÀ°w kzoI-cn- p-Im-Wp-¶p. B \nb-a-§-fpsSAXnÀI-hnª {]tbmKw \ncWw ]m«p-Isf sN -angv NmbvhpÅ kmln-Xy-am¡n amän. AXp-sIm-m-IWw \ncWw IrXn-IÄ¡v A¡m-e¯p th{X {]Nmcw In«msX t]mb-Xv. ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bmbn Ah-cpsS IrXn-Isf BZ-cn- n-cn-¡m-\p-an-S-bn-Ã. "`mjm an{i'-am-sW¶v hnNm-cn¨p Xsâ IrXnsbhnUw-_\w sN¿cp-sX¶v inh-cm{Xn amlm-ßy- nsâ Ah-km-\- nÂ cma- -Wn-¡À At]-£n-¡p-¶p--tÃm. (a-²y-Ime ae-bm-fw)

3. ]pXp-tÈcn cma-N-µ³ : ]pXn-sbmcp Imhy- m-jbpw ]pXn-sbmcp A£-c-am-ebpw tIc-fobP\-Xbv¡v I®-È-{]-Øm\w ImgvN-sh- n-«p-v. B[p-\nI ae-bmf`mj-bnse A£-c-am-e-bp-ambn ]qÀ®-ambpw tbmPn-¡p-¶-hn[w kwkvIrX`mj-bnÂ\n¶pw E, Hgn- pÅ FÃm hÀW-§fpw I®-È- mjkzoI-cn¨n«pv.... hymI-c-Ww, ]Z-k-ap- -bw, {]tbm-K-co-Xn, hÀW-hy-h-Ø, kÔn-\n-b-a-§Ä, ssien,hr¯w F¶o Awi-§-fn-seÃmw I®-È-cm-am-bWw Hcp-Xcw an{i-hy-h-Ø-bmWv DÄs¡m-Åp-¶-Xv.



4. Fw.- eo-em-hXn : cmaN-cn-X- nse ]mWvUy- mjmkmcq-]yhpw \ncWw IrXn-I-fnse mjm-an-{ihpwX½n-epÅ A´cw sNdp-X-Ã.... cma-N-cn-X- nÂ A¶s¯ `mj-W-ssi-en-bnÂ\n¶v hyXy-kvX-amb]mWvUy- m-jm-km-cq]yw. \ncWw IrXn-I-fnÂ kmam-\y-cpsS mj-W-ssi-en-bnÂ\n¶v hyXy-kvXhpw{]mNo-\-N-¼p-¡-fnse KZy- nÂ Bhn-jvIr-X-hp-am-bn-cp¶ `mjm-an-{iw.

5. BÀ.-F-kv. hÀamPn : ""]pcp-j-t -Z-\n-cmkw Hgn- pÅ tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS \b-§Ä FÃmw {]hÀ¯n-¨p-Xp-S-§n-b-Xm-bn-¡m-Wmw. Xan-gnsâ kzm[o-\X \Ã-Xp-t]mse Zriy-am-Ip-¶p. kwkvIr-X-co-Xym-\p-I-c-Whpw Ipd-h-Ã.... Xangv kzm[o-\X hyà-am-¡p¶ \m«p- m-j-bmWv AXnÂ \ng-en-¡p--¶Xv.'' (B-apJw : I®-È-cm-am-b-Ww. _me-Im-WvUw-þ1968)

\ncWw IrXn-I-fnse `mj : kmam-\ym-h-tem-I\w

"cma-N-cn-X'- m-j-bnÂ \n¶v tIcf `mjbv¡p kw`-hn¨ kv]jvS-amb amäw \ncWw Ihn-X-I-fnÂImWmw. hÀW-hn-j-b- nÂ kwkvIr-X- nsâ kzm[o-\-X-bnÂ \n¶v, Hgn-ªp-\n¶ cp IrXn-I-fmWv "cma-N-cn-Xhpw' "Xncp-\n-gÂam-ebpw'. hÀW-hn-j-b- n-epÅ B ]mc-¼cyw I®-È-Ir-Xn-I-fn-se-¯p-t¼mÄ Xf-cp-¶p. mjm-]-c-ambn kwkvIr-X-t¯mSv CS-ªp-\n-ev¡p¶ ]m«p kz`mhw amdn Bcy-`m-j-bp-ambn CW-§n-t¸m-Im-\pÅ k¶-²X I®-È- m-j-bnÂ¡m-Wmw. Cu amäw tIc-f- m-j-bpsS]cn-Wm-a- nÂ kp{]-[m-\-am-Wv. Xangv ]mc-¼-cy- nÂ\n-¶pÅ hyà-amb AI-Â -bmWv Cu L«wkqNn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. cma-N-cnXw Xan-gvIr-Xn-bmtWm an{i- mjm IrXn-bmtWm F¶v kwi-bn- h-cp-v.I®-È-Ir-Xn-I-fnse `mj-sb-¡p-dn¨v A§-s\-bpÅ kwi-b-§Äs¡m-¶n\pw CS-bn-Ã. Nne {]mNo\`mjm kz`m-h-§Ä Ds-¶-Ãm-sX, C¶s¯ ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡v Bi-b-{K-l-W- n\p XS-Ê-ap-m-¡p¶`mjm-kz- m-h-§Ä I®-È- m-j-bnÂ A[nIw ImWm³ Ign-bn-Ã. B \ne-bnÂ ae-bmfw kzX{´{]mtZ-inI `mj-bmbn cq]w-sIm-Åp-¶-Xnsâ Nn{X-amWv I®-È-Ir-Xn-I-fnse `mj Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶-sX¶v sI.-Fw. {]`m-I-c-hm-cn-bÀ Icp-Xp-¶p(a-e-bmfw amähpw hfÀ -bpw,]pdw.33).

cma-N-cn-X- nÂ\n¶p XpS-§p¶ ae-bmfImhy`mj-bpsS cmw L«s¯ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p¶IrXn-I-fmWv I®-È-Ir-Xn-I-sf¶v \nÊw-ibw ]d-bmw. Ch-bnse `mjbnÂ hyXn-cn-à-§-fmb cp\ho-\-X-I-fm-Wp-ÅXv : H¶v, Xan-gv¨p-h- an¡-hmdpw A{]-Xy-£-am-hp-¶p; cv, kwkvIr-X-kz- mhw{]I-S-amb coXn-bnÂ DÄt -cp¶p. A§s\ ae-bm-f- nse Imhy mj-bpsS am\-Io-I-cWw \ncWwIhn-I-fnÂ Bcw- n- p-sh¶p Icp-Xmw; ]qÀ¯n-bm-Ip-¶Xv Fgp- -Ñ-\n-epw.

inh-cm{Xn amlm-ßy- nÂ cma- -Wn-¡À \S- p¶ Hcp {]kvXm-h\ {it²-b-am-Wv. Xsâ IrXn-bnse `mjsb "`mjm an{iansXân-I-gmsX' F¶v At±lw At]-£n-¡p-¶p. kwkvIr-Xs¯ Iptd-b-[nIw IeÀ¯n-bmWv Xm³ IrXn cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶ kt¦m-N-]qÀÆ-amb £am-]-W-am-Wn-Xv. ae-bmfIhn-X-bnÂ kwkvIr-Xs¯ Hgn- p-\nÀ¯m-\m-hm¯ \ne h¶p-I-gnªp F¶-Xnsâ kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv. aWn-{]-hm-f- nsâ B[n-]-Xy- nÂ\n¶p amdn-\n-ev¡m³ h¿m¯ Hc-hØ ]m«p- m-j-bnÂkw`-hn¨p XpS-§p-¶-Xmbn CXns\ hymJym-\n-¡mw.

\ncWw IrXn-I-fnse mjmkz`m-h-§Ä ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡nb mjm-K-th-j-I-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-§ÄC§s\ kw{K-ln-¡mw.

1. hÀW-X-e- nÂ {Zmhn-U- n-en-Ãm¯ kwkvIrX hÀW-§-sfbpw kzoI-cn- p. A§s\I®È- m«v "{ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_-²-a-Ãm-Xm-bn.'

2. kwkvIrXXÕ-a-§sf [mcm-f-ambn Imhy- m-j-bn-te¡p {]th-in- n- p.

3. kwkvIrX hymI-cW cq]-§-sfbpw aWn-{]-hmf Ihn-IÄ sNbvX-Xp-t]m-se, mj-bn-te¡p \nth-in- n- p.

4. Xme-hym-tZiw, kzc-kw-h-c-Ww, A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-{]-kcw F¶nh I®-È`mj-bnÂ]qÀ®-ambpw \S-¶p-I-gn-ªn-«n-sÃ-¦nepw B amä-§Ä Ah-km-\-L-«- n-te¡p IS-¶p-I-gn-ª-Xm-bn-¡m-Wmw.

5. Cem, CÃm, CÃm-sX, Cbem XpS-§nb \ntj[ cq]-§-fpsS A\p-{]-tbmKw [mcm-f-am-bn-¡m-Wp-¶p.

6. kwÚm-\m-a-§sf Bi-b-hn-hÀ¯\w sN¿msX AtX-]Sn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ coXn-bmWp IqSp-Xembpw ImWp-¶-Xv.Npcp¡w Nne cq]-§Ä Bi-b-hn-hÀ¯\w sNbvXn-«p-ap-v.DZm.-thÄhn-X³ ]I(bÚ-i-{Xp),\oÄ Igp- ³(]rYp{Ko-h³).

7. {XnIm-e-§-sfbpw kqNn- n-¡p¶ khn-ti-j-amb t]sc- -cq-]-§Ä þ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\w,\· anIp¯ Pm\-In,hSn-hn-b-enâ hml-\w.



8. DssS, DsSb, DssS-b, DsS, DS F¶n-h-sbms¡ kw_-Ôn-Im-{]-Xy-b-§-fmbn hcp-¶p. þ sâ cq]w CÃ.

9. F§Ä, Rm§Ä, Xmw, Xt½mSv XpS-§nb kÀÆ-\m-a-§Ä.

10. hmIy-]q-c-I-amb þG. DZm.\nXcmw qan hnd- -Xn-\m-te, \ncp-]-a- -c-X³ hmgvhXp It.

tIc-f- m-j-bpsS kmln-Xy-k-¼- nÂ \ncWw IrXn-IÄ¡p anI¨ Hcp Øm\-ap-v. Bib-§-fpsS Kuc-hw-]m-en-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {ih-W-kuJyw B]m-Z\w sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw A\p-Kp-W-amb coXn-bn-epÅ Ch-bnse `mjm-coXn ae-bm-f-am-Ip¶ `qan-I-bn-emWv kzcq-]-k-Ôm-cWw sNbvXn-«p-Å-sX-¶-Xn\p kwi-b-an-Ã. \nc-Ww-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ Xan-gn-sâbpw kwkvIr-X- n-sâbpw kzm[o\w ImWp-¶p-sh-¶-Xn-\mÂ CsXmcp an{i- m-jm-Ir-Xn-bmbn Icp-Xp-¶Xv icn-b-Ã. an{i- m-j-bnÂ Imhy-§Ä cNn-¡p-I-sb¶ Dt±-iy-aÃ; adn¨v hfÀ -mZ-i-bnÂ ]m«p `mjbv¡p kw`-hn¨ kzm`m-hnI ]cn-Wm-a-§-fmWvChnsS {]I-S-am-Ip-¶-Xv. Imhy- m-jm-]-cn-Wma¯nsâ cmw L«-s¯bmWv \ncWw IrXn-IÄ AS-bm-f-s -Sp- p-¶-Xv.I®È `mj-bnÂ ae-bm-fn¯w [mcm-f-ambn ImWm-\m-hp-¶pv.hÀW-]-c-ambpwhymI-c-W-]-c-ambpw ImWp¶ Nne Ahy-h-Ø-Isf amdn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp mj-bnÂ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw h¶p-tN-cm-hp¶ Hs¶¶ \ne-bnÂ ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xmhpw DNn-Xw.cma-N-cn-XmZn IrXn-I-fnÂ\n¶phyXy-kvXhpw mjm-]c-ambn {]m[m-\yaÀln-¡p-¶-Xp-amb, Hcp kmlnXy{]Øm-\-s -bmWv \ncWwIrXn-IÄ shfn-s¸Sp- p¶-Xv.

I®-È-cm-am-bWw

hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W- nsâ ae-bm-f- nse BZys¯ ]qÀWm-h-Xm-c-sa¶v I®-È-cm-am-b-Ws¯hnti-jn- n-¡mw. cma-N-cnXw bp²-ImÞw am{Xw {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mepw hmevao-Insb am{X-aÃapJy-ambpw ]n´pScp-¶-sX-¶-Xp-sImpw AXn\v Cu hnti-jWw \jvS-am-hp¶p. hmevaoIn ]d-bp-¶Xv a\p-jy\mb cmasâ IY-bm-sW¶pw I®-Ès\ \bn-¡p-¶Xv Ah-Xm-c-cm-as\ kw_-Ôn-t_m[-am-sW¶pw thW-sa-¦nÂ hyXymkw Is- m-sa-¦nepw I®-È³ cN-\-bnÂ hgn-Im-«n-bmbnkzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶Xv hmevao-In-sb- -s¶-bm-Wv.

sNmtÃ-dnb hmevao-In-a-lm-ap\o

sNmÃnb cmam-b-W-an-\n-tbXpw

hÃmsX Rm³ C¶p-c-sNbvhXp am\kn

s]mdp¡ alm-P-\-saÃmw :þ F¶v Ihn Xs¶ hyà-am-¡p-¶p-ap-v. hmevaoIn cmam-b-W- nse Ccp-]- n-\m-em-bncw hcp¶ tÇmI-§Ä 3059 ]m«p-I-fn-embn I®-È³ kwt£-]n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. IYm-Kuchsam Bi-b-K-cn-asbm \jvS-s -SmsX CXn-lm-k-Im-hys¯ kwt£-]n-¡p-I-sb¶ hnkvabIc-amb IrXyw \nÀÆ-ln- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-emWv Im- n-¡p-dp-¡nb hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W-sa¶v I®-È-cm-am-b-Ws¯ ]ecpw hnti-jn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. Xsâ Imhy- n\v A\n-hm-cy-a-sÃ¶p tXm¶nb ]Z-§fpw hmIy-§fpw Imhy-J-Þ-§fpw kÀK-§fpw Dt]-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v cma- -Wn-¡À aSn- n-Ã. F¶mÂ Bh-iy-amb Nne kµÀ`-§-fnÂ Bi-b-hn-]p-e\w sN¿m\pw At±lw X¿m-dm-hp-¶p. A¯cw Ah-k-c-§-fnÂ I¼-scsbm cma-N-cn-X-Im-c-t\tbm ]cn-Nn-X-cmb aäp Ihn-I-sftbm B{i-bn-¡p-¶p-ap-v. A§s\kwt£-]-Ww, hn]p-e-\w, aäp Imhy-k-µÀ`-§sf A\p-hÀ¯n-¡Â XpS-§nb Imcy-§Äs¡ms¡Fgp- -Ñ\p hgn-Im-«n-bmbn I®-È-cm-am-b-W-IÀ¯mhp amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

Iev]-\-I-fp-sSbpw at\m-[À½-Nn-{X-W- n-sâbpw Imcy- nÂ Nnte-S¯v kzmX-{´y-sa-Sp-¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw IYm-L-S-\-bnepw {]Xn-]m-Z-\- nepw hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W-amWv ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Bhn-jvI-c-W- nsâ Imcy- nÂ hmevao-In-cm--am-b-Ws¯ D]-Po-hy-{K-Ù-am-bn-¡v AXns\B[m-c-am¡n Xtâ-Xm-sbmcp {KÙw cNn-¡p-I-bmWv I®-È-cm-am-b-W-Im-c³ sNbvX-Xv. ]pXnb IrXn-bpsS cN-\bv¡v Xsâ Imhy-kw-kvImcw apgp-h³ Ihn hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sImpXs¶ I®-È-cm-am-bWw shdp-samcp ]cn- m-jm-Ir-Xntbm cmam-b-W-kw-t£-]tam BbÃ; kzX-{ -am-sbmcp cmam-b-W-am-bn- s¶ ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s -Sp-¶p. Imhy-hkvXp hmevao-In-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-s¼mgpwImhyw cma-I-hn-bp-tSXp am{X-ambn amdp-¶p.

I®-Èsâ Imhy-I-em-ssh- hw ]Z-c-N-\-ap-XÂ Imhy-km-a{Kyw hsc-bpÄs¡m-Åp¶ H¶m-sW-¶-XmWv Cu A\-\yXvbv¡p Imc-Ww. kzÑ-µ-K-Xn-bmb ]Z-§-sfm- n-W§n Imhy-k-µÀ -§Ä XoÀ¡p-I, A§-s\-bpÅ kµÀ -§-fpsS BsI- p-I-bmbn IYm-L-S\ cq]w-sIm-Åp-I, IYm-L-S-\-I-sfm-¯p-tNÀ¶v Hcp Pohn-X-a-lm-Jym-\-ap-cp-hw-sIm-ÅpI F¶, temtIm- -c-Im-hy-§Ä¡p am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s¸« kpZpÀÃ` khn-ti-j-X-IÄ I®-È-cm-am-b-W- nÂ CW-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v \nco-£n-¡-s -«n-



cn-¡p-¶p (F-kv.-cm-P-ti-J-c³; ]m«p-{]-Øm-\w). cmam-bWw I®-Èsâ Ihn-Xz- n-tâbpw al-Xz- n-tâbpw {]tLm-j-W-amb Imhy-cq-]- nsâ kzX-{´m-kvXnXz {]Jym-]-\-am-Ip-¶p. BZy ]m«p-ap-XÂAh-km-\s¯ ]m«p-hsc XpS-cp¶ Hcp ka-{K-X-bmbn AXv \ne-sIm-Åp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

I®-È-cm-am-b-Wwþ InjvInÔm ImWvUw

koXmt\z-j-W- n-\n-d-§n- n-cn¨ cma e£va-W-·mÀ ]¼m-Xo-c-s¯-¶p-¶Xp apXÂ hm\-c-·mÀ kap-{Z-ew-L-\- n\p X¿m-sd-Sp-¡p-¶Xp hsc-bpÅ IY-bmWv InjvInÔm ImWvU- n-ep-Å-Xv. 67 kÀ¤-§fpw 2471 tÇmI-§-fp-a-S-§p¶ hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W- nse InjvIn-Ôm-Im-WvUs¯ 342]m«p-I-fn-te¡v cma- -Wn-¡À kwt£-]n- n-cn-¡p-¶p.

koXsb At\z-jn¨v cma-e-£va-W-·mÀ i_-cn-bpsS B{i-a- n-se¯n kXvImcw Gän-hm-§p-¶p. XpSÀ¶v Ah-fpsS \nÀt±-i-a-\p-k-cn¨v kp{Ko-hs\ ImWm-\mbn ]¼m-Xo-c¯v F¯p-¶p.Ahn-sS-¡ hk- -hn-emkw e£va-W\p ImWn- p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw hnc-l-th-Z\ A\p- -hn-¡p-IbpwsN¿p-¶p.

1 ]pjvI-c-]-{Xm-£³ Iuk-eym-þ

]p-{X³ Pm\-In-sbmSp thdm-tb,

]pjvI-c-Wo-aY ]¼mw It;

]pjv]-i-cm-Xp-c-am-\-Ê-\mtb

X¡-kp-an-{Xm,-]p-{Xs\t\m¡nþ

¯m\p-c-sN-bvXm³ “Im\\-sa§pw

an¡ hk- -hn-emkw sImv

hncmPnX-am-bnXp hocm ]mcm-bv. ”2 ]mcmbv ]pjv]nX tIma-f-hÃn

]SÀs¶m-fn-hmÀ¶ alo-cpl PmXn-IÄ

Xotc ]¼mbmw \nÂ¡nâXp

[oc-X-t]m-bn-sX-\n-¡nh It

XmcmÀ s]mgn-e-Xn-se-§p-ap-gtâ

Xmhn hcp-½-cpXm s]cp-Xmtb

Xocm-hn-cl almán icotc

Zo]n-¡nân-sX-\n¡p Ipamcm

3 amc-i-cm-Xp-c-bmbv apSn-bmtfm

am\n\n Pm\In Xm\p-an-Zm\ow

Nmcp hk- -an-h-®-an-sX-¦nÂ

XmÀ¡p-g-emÄ acp-hnâ-hn-S¯pw

kmc-k-lw-k-\n-th-jn-X-amb

XSm-I-P-tem-]cn Xosb-cnbpw t]mÂ

thcn IeÀ¶-cp-Wmw-_p-P-]´n

hncnªp ]c-s¶m-fn-hmÀ¶Xp ImWmbv!

4 AXp-Im-Wm-b-c-b¶w t]S-bpþ

ambv; a[p]m\s©bvXp-g-enâXp;

_X! `rwKm-Zn-Ifpw {]nb-am-scmSp

hn]nt\ tNÀ¶p-I-fn¨p \S-t¶mÀ



CXp-Imew \m\m-P- p-¡-fpþ

anhntS \nP-\nP hÃ- -am-tcmþ

SnX-ambv tahn-tâm-scmcp ]m]nþ

bncp-t¶³ Pm\-In-sbmSp thdm-tb.

5 Pm\In! \mSp-]n-cn-ªp-gepw a\pþ

Pm[-a-\m-sa-t¶mtS IqSþ

¡m\-\-sa-bvXnb man\n!\ns·bv

ImWp-a-tX-sXmcp \mfn-\nbpw Rm³

Du\-an-emX hk- -hn-em-k-anþ

XpÅn-se-\n¡p NpSpânXp \n¶p-sSþ

bm\\ N{µ-hn-tbm-K-an-bâ-Xnþ

\mte tIh-e-anâ-gn-hp-tä³

6 Agn-\n-e-bnân abq-cn-I-tfm-Sp-Sþ

\mSns\ tIIn-IÄ NqS-cp-fpâ\

]gn-Xp-S-cmX IqIn\ tImIn-eþ

]©-ahpw aa s\©n-SÀ sN¿pw;

hgn-bn-\n-b´p kpan-{Xm-]p{Xm!

sshtZ-lnsb sshImtX Im×mþ

\g-sIm-Sp-eÀs¶mc-timI anXm-tá-bmþ

kv{Xa-\w-K³ hn«Xp ImWmbv

7 ImWmbv! tIma-f-h-Ãn-I-fm-InÂ

I\y-I-amsc \S-s©-¿nt¨

hoWm-\m-Z-sa\pw \h- rw-Kþ

hnt\m-Z-a-t\m-lcKoX-t¯msS

]qWm-c-Wn-ap-e-am-scm-Sp-Iq-Snb

]pcp-jm-Wm-a-Xn-kp-J-I-c-amtb

\oWmfpw h\-cw-tK-ta-hn\

\ncp-]a amcpX \À¯-I-eoemw

8 Ba-fhpw a[p-]m-\-s©-bvX-\pþ

cmK-h-imÂ hcn-h-p-IÄ ]mSp-hm,

ag-ImÂ abn-em-S,-a-Ingv p

XYm-Ip-bnÂ sImm-SnâXp tIfmbv;

tIma-f-am-cpX I¼n-X-im-J-IÄ

IqS aIngv´p inc-Êp-Ip-ep¡n

¯ma-dn-thmÀ acp-hnâXp t]me-Xnþ

Xmev]-cn-b-s¯mSp \nev]Xp ]mcmbv

9 ]mcn-e-Xoh at\m-l-cn-bm-Inb

`man\n Pm\-In-sb-¡m-Wmªpw

Nmcp-h-k´ hnem-k-an-tXhw

XmÀN-c-Xm-]-sa-gp-¼Sn Ipw



[ocX t]mbn-sX-\n-¡n\n sbtâ

Zo\-Xbm {iocm-a³ Xncp-hSn

Xmc-Wn-taÂ hognâXp Ip

XSp- p-St\ X¼n-bp-apc sNbvXm³

10 Dc-sNbv hm\-cp-XmX hnjm-Z-anþ

sXmgnI alm-ßmth! Ime- mev

hcpthm Nne kpJZp:JmZn-I-fnev

hcmtam `hXmw Nn¯-hn-Imcw?

]cn-Xm]w s]cp-Xmbv hcp-Inev Xh

]gp-Xp-s]Spw aa ss[cy-hp-saâmÂ

Hcp PmXn-bp-an-SÀ If-hm-\mÀ aþ

äpf-f-hÀ ]ns¶ \ap-¡n-cp-hÀ¡pw

11 Ccp-h-cp-saân \ap-s¡mcp _mÔ-hþ

cnhn-sS-b-Sp- n-sÃâXp apÅnev

Icp-Xn, hnjm-Z-an-f- p-Õm-la

ssIs¡m-m-e-Xn-\m-en-X-apmw;

Hcp s]mgpXpw ]p\-cp-Õm-l- mþ

eptm Imew sImp-h-cm-XXp

NpcpÄ Ipg-emÄ Pm\-In-sb-bp-sa-bvXpþ

´pb-cn-Xn-\m-semgn a\p-Ip-e-Xn-e-Im,

12 a\p-Ip-e-Xn-e-Im! \n´n-cp-h-Sn-bpsS

hN\w tIfmtX Rm³ Pm\In

ap\n-shmSp sNm¶Xp tI«p-]n-cn-ªXp

aqe-a-\À°-an-sX-bvXn-b-sXtâ

a\Ên NpSpân-sX-\n-¡p-S-\p-S-\Xp

hf-cp- h ]cn-Xm]w Imþ

e\p-NnX timI-a-I-sâ-gp-\nân-\nþ

bt\z-jn- -cpÄ sshtZ-ln-sb-bpw.

13 “sshtZ-ln-bp-am-b-h-\-a-cp-e-Inev

hkn-¡n-ep-ap-St\ ]mXm-tf-t]mþ

sbbvXo-Sp-In-ep-an-cm-h-W-s\- p-\þ

tcXpw sshImtX sIme-sNbv thmw;

ssaXm-hn\ I®mÄs¡m-cp-hm[

hcm-\n- n-cp-h-Sn-Nn- n-¡-b-Xn-\mev;

sabvtX-dpI timIw If” sI¶p

hnc´p kpan-{Xm-]p-{X³ sNm¶m³

14 sNm¶Xp tI«p-St\ {iocm-a³

tim`-\-anâpc sNbvX-Xn-sXtâ

A¶-h-t\mSpw IqS hnjm-Zþ

aI-s¶-gp-\nâY ]¼ ISt¶



ap¶Â alm-Kncn In-X-tamSp

apXnÀ¶p \S-¶-W-bnâXp In-hþ

cn¶-h-scâdnbmbvIbn-\m-en-Sþ

tcdp-m-bnXp kp{Ko-ht¶

15 h¶n-hntS \s½-s¡m-e-sNbv hm³

hmen-bp-tS-b-cp-fm-se-bvXntâm

cn¶n-h-cn-{µ-k-am-\-]-cm-{I-aþ

cncp-h-cp-a-cn-b-X-t]m-[-\-cmtb;

an¶nb hmsfmSp Nm]-N-cm-©nX

hoc-·m-cn-h-sc- --dntbm þ

sa¶p \n\- Xn Zqsc-t¸m-b-g-þ-

temSp hnNm-cn- m³ I]n-ho-c³

16 I]n-h-c-\mb l\p-am-\âXp

Ip-St\ kp{Ko-h\p sNm¶m³:-þ

N]-e-X-sbmgn;hmen-¡n-hntS ap\nþ

im]X- mÂ hcp-hm-\-cp-XtÃm!

\r]-h-c-cm-a-hÀ aä-h-t\mSp

\ncâp hcpâ-h-scâp \n\t¨

X]-\-kpXm tJZn- Xp ]äm;

kI-e-hp-a-dn-h³ Rm\n-s¸m-gp-tX.

17 Cs¸m-gp-Xnw-Kn-X-a-dnbpw \o t]mþ

bnhÀI-fptS \n\-h-dn-hp-äm-enl

\nev]À \ap-¡m-{i-b-am-sb-¦nev

\nc- pI \o \b-tam-Sn\n sbtâtam

sIevs]mSp kp{Ko-h³ sNm¶-f-hXp

tIs«mcp k\ym-km-IrXn ssIs¡mþ

t¸m-gptX l\p-am\pw \r]-kp-Xþ

ccnIp ]pIp- n-X-tamtS sNm¶m³

18 AcnsI-sN¶ I]o-{µ³ Imþ

\g-In-bepw Xncp-h-Sn-s]Sp Nph-tSev

acp-hn\ iwJ-K-Zm-Zn-IÄ N{Iw

aän-h-I--I-XmÀ sXfn-hptä

Xncp-a-IÄ \mY-\-\m-Zn-ap-Ip-µ³

Xnd-hn-bepw Ia-te-£-W-\m-Inb

Icn-ap-InÂhÀ®-\n-sX-¶-I-Xm-cnev

Ip-\-a-kvIrXn sNbvsX-gp-\n-¶m³.

19 B\-Xp-Imew Im-\p-St\

Bb-X-ambv hfcpw \nP-Ip-g-I-fnev

am\-sa-gp-¶-Xn-tim- nX IhNw

amcp-Xnbpw I-RvP-en-tbmtS



Du\-a-\- p-e-I- n\p XoÀ¯p-Sþ

\pZ-[n-bnte Xpbnev sImp- -cn¡pw

hm\-h-\m-Y-\n-h³ ph-\- n\v

_m[-sbm-gn- m³ h¶p-f-\m-bm³

20 \m\m-P\ \b-\m-arX ioX-fþ

\c-hc thj-an-bâ `hm-·mÀ

hmt\mÀI-fnev hc-cm-Inb N{µ-Znþ

hmI-ctcm \c-\m-cm-b-Wtcm?

tk\m-]-cn-hr-X-cm-sbm-fn-ho-Snb

knwlm-k-\-K-X-cm-bp-e-tI-gpþ

\m\m-Kp-W-samSp hmgvhm³ X¡-hÀ

\mSp-In-seâp \apt¡m tXmäw.

Bibw (1 þ 20)

1.koXsb thÀ]n-cn-ª-Xp-aqew ImaZpJn-X-\mb {iocm-a³ Xma-c- q-¡-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]¼m-k-cÊpI-t¸mÄ ‘Cu ImsSÃmw hk- - nsâ hnem-k- mÂ tim`n-¡p-¶Xv AÃtbm hoc-\mb e£vaWm\o Imepw’ F¶p ]d-ªp.

2.]pjv-]n- Xpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb hÅn-s -Sn-IÄ ]SÀ¶p tim`n-¡p¶ \m\m-X-c- n-epÅ hr£-§Ä ]¼m-\-Zn-bpsS Xoc¯p \nÂ¡p-¶Xp In«v Fsâ ss[cy-saÃmw t]mbn. ]q¡Ä \ndªDZym-\- n-se§pw _²-s¸«v HmSn-\-S-¡p¶ Imän-\mÂ, hÀ²n¨ tXmXn-ep-ÅXpw Xocm- Xpw thÀ]m-Sm-Ip-¶-Xp-amb Aán Fsâ ico-c- nÂ Pzen-¡p-¶Xv AÃtbm Ipamcm \o Imepw.

3.]q¦p-g-en-bmb koX hkn-¡p¶ Øe¯pw at\m-l-c-amb hk´w C{]-Im-c-am-sW-¦nÂ {]W-b-tIm-]- n-em-bn-cn-¡p¶ koXbpw ImaZpJ- mÂ \in-t -¡mw. \oÀt¡m-gn-Ifpw lwk-§fpw \ndªCu Pem-i-b- n\p apI-fn-embn tXs\m-gp-Ip¶ sN´m-a-c- q-¡Ä Xo I¯p-¶-Xp-t]mse tim -bmÀ¶vhncn-ªp-\nÂ¡p-¶Xv e£vaWm Im-epw. þþþ sN´m-a-c- q-¡Ä hnSÀ¶p \nÂ¡p¶Xns\ Ptem-]-cn-X-e- n\p Xo ]nSn¨ t]mse F¶p ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.

4.Ac-b¶w t]S-tbm-sSm- hpw tX³ IpSn¨v ]pän- n-cn-bp¶ hp-IÄ mcy-am-tcm-sSm- hpw Im«n-eqsS Ifn¨p \S-¡p-¶p. CtX-Im-e¯p Xs¶ ]e-Xcw P´p-Pm-e-§Ä Ah-c-h-cpsS `mcy-am-tcm-sSm-¸w CjvS-t¯msS hkn-¡p-¶Xpw e£vaWm Im-epw.-]m-]n-bmb Rm³ am{Xw koX-sb- n-cn-ªn-cn--¡p¶p.

5.-\-cm-[-a-\m-b-F-t¶m-sSm¸w Im«n-se- nb AÃtbm `mtcy, \o thÀ]n-cn-ª-Xp-aqew _²-s -Sp¶ Rm³ \nsâ icocw C\n F¶mWv ImWp-¶-Xv. Ipd-hn-Ãm¯ Cu hk- -hn-emkw Fsâ DÅwX]n- n-¡p-¶p.-\nsâ thÀ]mSv Fs¶ Gsd Zp:Jn¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

6.B¬a-bn-ep-IÄ s]¬a-bn-ep-I-tfm-sSm¯v \r¯w sN¿p¶ ImgvN Fsâ a\-Êns\ X]n- n-¡p-¶p. AXp-t]mse Ipbn-ep-IÄ ]I-bn-ÃmsX ]©aw ]mSp-¶Xp tI«v Fsâ s\©ps]m«p-¶p. AÃtbme£vaWm, sshImsX koXsb ImWp-¶-Xn\v C\n F´m-sWmcp t]mwhgn? `wKn-tbmsS ]q¯p-\nÂ¡p¶ Atim-I-am-Ip¶ Btá-bm-kv{Xw Ima³ hn«Xv \o Im-epw.

7.-]p-Xp-h-p-I-fpsS at\m-l-c-amb ]m«p-I-fm-Ip¶ hoWm-\m-Z- n-\-\p-k-cn¨v tIma-f-I-fmb hÃo-I-\y-I-I-sf-s¡mv h\-cw-K-sa§pw Imäv \r¯w sN¿n-¡p-¶Xv \o Imepw. kpµ-cn-amsc ]pÂIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ ]pcp-j-·mÀ¡v kpJ-I-c-amb ImgvN-bm-WtÃm CXv! X\n¡v A§-s\mcp AhØ CÃF¶p XmXv]-cyw.

8.-B-hp-¶{X tX³ IpSn¨v A\p-cm-K-t¯m-Sp-IqSn hp-IÄ ]mSp-t¼mÄ abn-ep-IÄ \r¯w sN¿p-¶p. Ipbn-ep-I-fm-Is« AtX-äp-]m-Sp¶p. At¸mÄ Cfw Imtääv Cf-Ip¶ hr£- nsâ imJ-IÄkwKoX \r¯m-Zn-I-fnÂ ]mS-h-apÅ kZ-ky-tc-t¸mse Xe-Ip-ep¡n ckn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

9.-G-ähpw kpµ-cn-bmb koXsb ImWm-ª-Xn-\mepw at\m-l-c-amb hk-´-hn-em-k-¯mepw



ImaZp:Jw hÀ²n¨ {iocm-a³ Fsâ ss[cy-saÃmw tNmÀ¶p-t]mbn F¶p-]-dªv `qan-bnÂ hogm³XpS-§th,X-Sª e£va-W³ C§s\ ]d-ªp.

10.-AÃtbm alm-ßmth ]d-ª-dn-bn-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Cu hnjmZw Hgn-hm-¡p-I.-Im-e- n-\-\p-k-cn¨v h¶p-tN-cp¶ kpJZp:J§-fnÂ At§-t¸m-ep-Å-hÀ¡v a\wamäw Dm-Ipsam? A§s\ kw`-hn- mÂ Fsâ ss[cyhpw \jvS-s¸Spw. ]ns¶ \s½ cp-t]-scbpw BcmWv Biz-kn- n-¡pI?F¶v e£va-W³ {iocm-a-t\mSp tNmZn-¡p-¶p.

11.AÃtbm {iocm-am, \ap¡v \½-f-ÃmsX aäp _Ôp-¡-sfm¶pw Chn-sS-bn-Ã. C¡mcyw a\-Ên-em¡n DÕmlw hos-Sp- mÂ kt´m-j-ap-m-Ipw. Imew sImp-h-cm¯ DÕm-l-§-fn-Ã-tÃm.koXsb {]m]n¨v Zp:Js¯ thKw CÃm-Xm-¡n-bmepw.

12.AÃtbm {iocm-am, Rm³ A§-bpsS hm¡p-IÄ tIÄ¡msX koX tIm]-t¯msS ]d-bp-¶Xp tI«v , Ahsf ]ncn-ª-Xp-aq-e-amWv Cu A\À°-§-sfÃmw h¶p-tNÀ¶-Xv. AXv HmÀ¡pwtXmdpw Fsâ a\Êp \odp-¶p. A\p-Nn-X-amb Cu timIw A§v Dt]-£n¨v C\n sshtZ-lnsbAt\z-jn-¡p-I.

13.-cm-h-W³ koX-bp-ambn kzÀ¤- nÂ t]mbmepw ]mXm-f- nÂ t]mbmepw sshImsX \½-f-hs\ sImÃpw. koXbv¡v Hcm-]¯pw hcp-I-bn-Ã. A§v Nn´n¨p t\m¡n kXyw a\-Ên-em-¡p-I.Zp:Jw Ifªv thKw Xs¶ koXsb At\z-jn-¡p-I F¶v e£va-W³ cma-t\mSp ]d-ªp.

14.-e-£va-W³ ]d-ª-Xp-tI« {iocm-a³ ip`w C¶ v F¶p ]d-ªn«v e£va-W-t\m-sSm¸w hnjm-Z-c-ln-X-\mbn Fgp-t¶äv ]¼m-\Zn IS-¶p. ap¶nÂ Eiy-aq-Im-New Iv kt´m-j-t¯msS sN¶Chsc I-t¸mÄ kp{Ko-h\v kwi-b-ap-m-bn.

15.(-kp-{Ko-h-i-¦).. C{µ-Xpey]cm-{I-ahpw t{ijvT-amb X]-È-àn-bp-apÅ ChÀ A¼pw hnÃpw hmfpta n_men-bpsS \nÀt±-i-{]-Imcw \s½ h[n-¡m³ F¯n-b-h-cmtWm? hoc-·m-cmb Chsc F\n¡p a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶n-Ã. C§s\ IcpXn Zqsc amdn-bn-cp¶v kp{Ko-h³ hnj-a-t¯msS Btem-Nn- p.

16.-hm-\-c-ho-c-\mb l\p-am³ cma-e-£va-W-·m-cpsS hc-hp-Iv kp{Ko-h-t\mSp ]d-ªp. Nm©eywIf-bp-I. ap\n-im-]- mÂ _men¡v ChnsS hcm³ Ign-bn-Ã. ChÀ _men-tbmSp kJyw sNbvXv hcp-¶-h-cmWv F¶p hnNm-cn¨v tJZn-¡-cp-Xv. kI-e-Im-cy-§fpw Rm\p-Ss\ At\zjn¨p hcmw.

17.Ct¸mÄ¯s¶ \o t]mbn Ch-cpsS a\-Ên-en-cp¸dnªv \t½mSp tbmPn-¡p-¶-h-cm-sW-¦nÂ\b-]qÀÆw kJy-ap-Å-h-cm¡n¯oÀ¡p-I. C§s\ kp{Ko-h³ ]d-ª-Xp-tI« l\p-am³ Hcp k\ym-kn-bpsS cq]w [cn¨v B cmPm-¡-·m-cpsS Acn-InÂ kt´m-j-t¯msS sN¶v ]d-ªp.

18 apXÂ 22 hsc-bpÅ ]m«p-IÄ l\p-a-±Ài-\-am-Wv. ]e Xmfn-tbm-e-I-fnepw 18 Dw 19 Dw ]m«p-IÄImWp-¶n-Ã.

18.-cm-a-e-£va-W-·m-cpsS kao]w sN¶ l\p-am\v {iocm-asâ ]mZ-§-fnÂ tim`n-¡p¶ iwJv, N{IwapX-emb NnÓ-§Ä Iv a\Êp sXfn-ªp. XpSÀ¶v e£vao-Im- \pw A\m-Zn-ap-Ip-µ\pw Xma-c-¡-®\pw ImÀta-L-\n-d-ap-Å-h-\p-amb {iocm-as\ sXmgp-X-tijw l\p-am³ Fgp-t¶äp \n¶p.

19.B ka-b¯v {iocm-asâ \op-h-fÀ¶ IpWvU-e-§-fnÂ IoÀ¯n-bp-ÅXpw Aew-Ir-X-hp-ambc£m-I-hNw Iv l\p-am³ cmas\ sXmgpXp \n¶p. temI- n\p apgp-h-\m-bpÅ Ipd-hp-IsfXoÀ¯v, kap-{Z- nÂ \n{Z sNbvXv cn-¡p¶ hm\-h-\m-Y-\mb Ch³ qan-bnse Zp:J§-sfÃmw CÃm-Xm-¡m³ P\n- -h-\m-sW¶v l\p-am³ Nn´n-¡p-¶p.

20.-k-I-e-P-\-§-fp-sSbpw I®p-IÄ¡v Aar-Xp-t]mse ioX-fhpw a\p-jy-thjw ]q-h-cp-amb`hm-·mÀ tZh-·m-cnÂ t{ijvT-cmb N{µt\m kqcyt\m AtXm \c-\m-cm-b-W·mtcm? tk\-I-fmÂNpä-s¸«v knwlm-k-\- nÂ Ccp¶v FÃm-hn[ KpW-§-tfmSpw IqSn Ggp temIhpw cn-¡m³ tbmPn-

-hÀ F¶mWv Fsâ hnNm-cw.

`mjm- -K-h-ZvKoX

`KhZvKoXm hnhÀ¯-I-\mb am[-h- -Wn-¡À Xncp-h-\- -]p-c- n\p Ing-¡pÅ ae-b³Io-gn-emWp Pohn- n-cp-¶-sX¶p Icp-Xp-¶p. \ncWw Ihn-I-fnÂ apXnÀ¶-bmÄ ae-b³Io-gnÂ ]mÀ¸p-d- n-¡m-\pÅ ImcWw ae-bm-f- m-jm-N-cn-{X-Im-c-\mb ]n.-tKm-hn-µ- nÅ hyà-am-¡p-¶p-v. I®-È-·mÀ



P·n-am-cmb Xncp-h-Ã-bnse ]¯n-Ã¯p t]män-am-cpsS Irjn-¡mÀ Bbn-cp-¶p. Cu P·n¡p ae-b³Io-gnÂ Hcp IrjvW-kzm-an-t£-{Xhpw hkvXp-¡fpw Dm-bn-cp-¶p.-X-·qew am[-h- -Wn-¡À ae-b³Io-gnÂ ]mÀ¡m-\n-S-h-¶p.

temI¯v BZy-ambn `K-h-ZvKo-Xbv¡v kwkvIr-X- nÂ \n¶v hnhÀ¯-\-ap-m-bXp ae-bm-f-¯n-em-sW¶pw AXv am[-h- -Wn-¡-cpsS mjm- -K-h-ZvKo-X-bm-sW¶pw alm-Ihn DÅqÀ tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-{X- nÂ FSp- p-]-d-bp-¶p-v.-kw-t£-]n- pÅ ]cn- m-j-bm-sW-¦nepw KoX-bpsS kmcmw-i-¯n\p bmsXmcp tIm«hpw X«msX {i²-tbmsS sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p.`mjm- -K-h-ZvKoX Hcp `mjm-\p-hmZw am{X-am-sW-¦nepw AXnsâ Bcw- -hpw ]Zy-h-km-\-hp-saÃmw Hcp kzX-{ -Ir-Xn-bpsS a«nÂ¯-s¶-bm-Wv.-C-XnÂ BZys¯ Bdp ]m«p-IÄ Ihn kzX-{ -ambn Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯-Xm-Wv. KoX-bnseBi-b-§sf `mjm-ku-µcyw sImv at\m-l-c-am-¡m³ Ihn¡p Ign-ªn-«p-v. 700 ]Zy-§-fmWpKoX-bn-ep-Å-Xv.-am-[-h- -Wn-¡À 328 ]m«p-I-fn-embn AXns\ kw{K-ln- n-cn-¡p-¶p. aqe-Ir-Xn-bnse Bi-b-§Ä Gsd-sbm¶pw hn«p-IfbmsXbpw Nne-bn-S-§-fnÂ kzX-{ -I-ev]-\-IÄ Iq«n-t¨À¯p-amWvhnhÀ¯\w.hÀWw,-i-_vZw,-]-Zw,-k-Ôn,-]-Z-L-S-\m-coXn F¶o hymI-c-Wmw-i-§-fn-seÃmw kwkvIr-X-¯nsâ kzm[o\w `mjm- -K-h-ZvKo-X-bnÂ ImWmw.-{]m-No-\- m-jm-cq-]-§fpw ImWp-¶p.

am[-h- -Wn-¡-cpsS `K-h-ZvKoXm hnhÀ¯\w KoXm-km-cs¯ AXn-e-fn-X-amb \m«p- m-j-bnÂkm[m-c-W-¡m-cn-te-s¡- n-¡p-I-sb¶ e£ys¯ ap³\nÀ¯nbpÅ-Xm-Wv.-Im-X-emb Bi-§Ä {Z-ambn \ne-\nÀ¯n-s¡m-p-Xs¶ KoX kw{K-ln¨p {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡m\pw ]e-t¸mgpw i¦-c- m-jy- nseBi-b-§Ä Iq«n-t¨À¡m\pw kz`m-h-\-bnÂ hnSÀ¶ kmZr-iy-I-ev]-\-IÄ A§n§p {]tbm-Kn-¡m\pwIhn {i²n- n-«p-v. aq¶pw \mepw tÇmI-§Ä Htc ]m«nÂ Nne-t¸mÄ kw{K-ln- n-cn-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw.hfsc anX-Xz-t¯mSpw AS-¡-t¯mSpw `mj ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶-Xp-sIm-mWv Cu kw{K-lWwkm[y-am-bn-«p-ÅXv.

]e-t¸mgpw Hcp kzX-{ -I-hn-bpsS `mh-\m-hn-emkw am[-h- -Wn-¡À {]I-Sn- n-¡p-¶p.-Ko-Xm-hn-hÀ¯-\- n-\pÅ Bap-J-sa-t¶mWw Bdp ]m«p-IÄ kzX-{ -ambn Bcw- - nÂ Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯n-«p-v. kzX-{ -I-ev]-\-IÄsImv AXy´w lrZ-bm-hÀÖ-I-amWv Cu ]m«p-IÄ.-Øm-h-c-Pw-K-a-§-tfmSp]pW-cmsX ]pWÀ¶v ØnXn sN¿p¶ ]cw-s]m-cp-fns\ ]pjv]- nÂ X§n-\nÂ¡p¶ kpK-Ô-t¯mSpkmZr-iy-s-Sp- n-s¡m-mWv XpS-¡w. cm-as¯ ]m«nÂ Úm\-a-lm-i-ànsb Zo]- nsâ {]Im-i-t¯mSpw BZn-Xysâ civan-I-tfmSpw kmay-s -Sp- p-¶p. {]Imiw Zo]-t¯bpw civan-IÄ kqcy-t\bpw ImWn- p-X-cp-¶-Xp-t]mse Cu Úm\-iàn {_Ò-ssN-X-\ys¯ hyà-am-¡n- -cp-¶p. Xm³thZ-hym-k-c-Nn-X-amb ]pcmWw apgp-h³ `mj-bn-em-¡m³ Hcp-s¼-Sp-¶Xv ]memgn IpSn¨p hän-¡m-sa¶v Ddp¼p hnNm-cn-¡p-¶-X-t]m-se-bm-sW¶p Ihn hn\-b-{]-I-S\w \S- p-¶p.-Xsâ `mj F{X-taÂ ZpÀº-ehpw A]-cym-]vX-hp-am-sW-¦nepw KoXm-X-¯z-§Ä¡p bmsXmcp tIm«hpw hcn-I-bn-sÃ¶p am[-h- -Wn-¡À¡p t_m[y-ap-v.kzÀW-s - nÂ h¨n-cp-¶mepw ]g- p-Wn-bnÂ s]mXn-ªn-cp-¶mepw cXv\- nsâ aln-abv¡p hyXymkw hcp-¶nÃ Fs¶mcp ZrjvSm- m-e-¦m-c-amWv Ihn ChnsS{]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. IÀ½-km-K-c- nÂ\n¶p Ic-I-b-dm-\pÅ tXmWn-bmbpw IÀ½m-S-hnsb Zln-¸n-¡p¶ `mhm-án-bmbpw At±lw Úm\s¯ cq]Ww sN¿p-¶p-v.

`ànbpw B²ym-ßn-Im- n-ap-Jyhpw km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡n-S-bnÂ {]N-cn- n-¡p-I-sb¶ AXn-a-l-¯mb ZuXy-amWv ]Wn-¡À Gsä-Sp- Xpw {]mhÀ¯n-I-am-¡n-bXpw.B-i-b-§Ä Bhp-¶{X efn-Xhpw BIÀj-I-hp-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn¨v Ffn-b-h-cmb `à³amÀ¡p a\-Ên-em-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-¶-XnÂam[h¸Wn¡À \njvT ]men- n-«p-v.-hn-hÀ -\- n-ep-S-\nfw ae-bm-f- -\n-a-bpsS emh-Wyhpw BIÀj-I-Xzhpw {]I-S-am-Wv.- -àn-{]-Øm-\- nsâ Hcp imJ-sb¶ \ne-bnÂ ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnÂ ]nÂ¡m-e v Dcp- n-cnª k¦oÀ -\-{]-Øm-\- nsâ BZy-_o-P§fpw I®-È-·m-cnÂ ImWm-\mhpw. In«p¶kµÀ -§-fn-seÃmw Cuiz-c-\m-a-§Ä BhÀ¯n-¡p¶ coXn ImWp-¶p-v.-Im-hy- nÂ Cgp-In-t¨À¶p\nÂ¡p¶ hn[- nÂ {ioIr-jvW-]-cym-b-§Ä am[-h- -Wn-¡À BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶p.-t_m-[-]qÀÆ-ambCu {iaw aWn-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fn-eqsS \msS§pw {]N-cn¨ kwt`m-K-irw-Km-c- n\v Hc-fhp hsc adp-a-cp-¶m-bn- oÀ¶p.

]m«vþ 1þ6- B-apJw (Bibw)

(D]-\n-jXv kmc-kÀÆ-kz-amb KoX `mjm-\p-hmZw sN¿p-¶-Xn-s\m-cp-§p¶ Ihn ]c-am-ßm-hn\v\a-kvIm-c-]qÀÆ-amb awKfw BN-cn-¡p-¶p).

AÛp-X-I-c-ambpw Aar-X-ambpw \nJn-e-km-c-ambpw PK- msI hym]n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbpw P\-\w,



acWw, \mi-Im-c-W-§Ä F¶nh CÃm- -Xmbpw ad-hnÂ hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xmbpw ]qhnÂ kpK-Ô-sa-¶-t]mse Ncm-N-c-{]-]-©-t¯mSp tNÀ¶pw tNcm-sXbpw \ne-sIm-Åp-¶Xpw k¨n-Zm-\-µ-am-bn-«p-Å-Xp-amb ]c-{_-Òs¯ Rm³ hµn-¡p-¶p.

Zo]-{]-Imiw Zo]-t¯bpw Npäp-apÅ Inc-W-§Ä kqcy-s\bpw Im«n- -cp-¶-Xpt]mse kÀÆ-kz-cq-]-am-bn«pw \mi-an-Ãm- -Xm-bn«pw Poh-sâbpw ]c-am-ßm-hn-sâbpw sFIy-Øm-\-ambpw \nÂ¡p¶]c-{_-Ò- nsâ ZÀi\w e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn Úm\-kz-cq-]n-Wn-bmb alm-i-ànsb Rm\nXm hµn-¡p-¶p.

inh-i-àn-amÀ B\-bp-sSbpw ]nSn-bp-sSbpw cq]w ]qv kwKw sNbvX-t¸mÄ ]nd¶ KP-ap-J-t\bpw at\m-l-cn-bmb kc-kz-Xn-tZ-hn-tbbpw Rm³ hW-§p-¶p. `àn-tbmsS `K-h-ZvKo-XmÀ°wsNmÃm³ B{K-ln-¡p¶ F\n¡p hyk-\-§Ä hcm-Xn-cn-¡p-hm³ AJn-e-P-K- n\pw Kpcp-hmb \mcm-b-W³ Fs¶ A\p-{K-ln-¡-s«.

amen\yw kv]Àin-¡m- -h\pw \mcm-b-W-\p-amb {ioIr-jvW³ £{Xn-b\pw ]mWvUp-]p-{X-\p-ambAÀPp-\\v bp²- n-\n-S-bnÂ sNmÃn-s¡m-Sp¯ Úm\mÀ°-§sf ]cm-i-c-]p-{X\pw alm-ap-\n-t{i-jvT-\p-amb thZ-hym-k³ ]Xn-s\«v A²ym-b-§-fn-embn hnh-cn- Xv \mcm-bWsâ A\p-{Klw sImvCu \c-Io-S-amb Rm³ Hcp-a«p ]d-bm³ XpS-§p-I-bm-Wv.

ap\n-k- -a-\mb thZ-hym-k³ a-l- mb [ym\w aqew DÄ¡®pIÄsImv I-dnªv hnh-cn¨]pWy-]p-cmWw ]qÀW-ambn mj-bnÂ sNmÃm-sa¶p Rm³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶Xv AXn-hn-kvXr-X-amb ]memgnIn«v AXp IpSn-¡m-sa¶v Ddp¼p Icp-Xp-¶Xp t]msebm-Wv. Kpcp-X-ey-cmb alm-P-\-§Ä C¡m-cy-¯nÂ Fs¶ Ipä-s -Sp- -cp-sX¶v Ah-cpsS ]mZ-§Ä sXm«p hW§n Rm³ At]-£n-¡p-¶p.

{_Òmhn\p Xpey-\mb thZ-hym-k³ kwkvIr-X-]-Zy-§-fmbn Acp-fn-s -bvXXv Rm\nXm `mjm-I-hn-X-bmbns¨mÃm³ t]mIp-¶p. hne \nÝ-bn-¡m-\m-hm¯ cXv\w kq£n-¡p-¶Xv kzÀ®-s - n-em-bmepw ]g- p-Wn-bnÂ s]mXn-ªm-bmepw AXnsâ aln-abv¡v Fs -¦nepw Ipdhp hcptam?

(Xsâ hnhÀ¯\¯nÂ Fs -¦nepw Ipd-hp-I-fp-s-¦nÂ AXn-\p-Im-cWw `mjm-]-c-amb XsâA{]m]vXn am{X-am-sW¶p hn\-b-]qÀÆw {]kvXm-hn-¡p¶ Cu `mK-t¯msS KoXm-hn-hÀ¯\w XpS-§p-¶-Xn\p apt¶-bpÅ BapJw Ah-km-\n- p)

]m«v 7þ10 (B-i-bw)

]pWy`q-an-I-fnÂh¨v Gähpw t{ijvT-amb Ipcp- q-an-bnÂ NXp-cw-K-tk-\-tbm-sSm v F¯n-t¨À¶p\½fpw ]mWvU-hcpw F´mWp sN¿p-¶-sX¶v [rX-cm-jv{SÀ tNmZn- -t¸mÄ ]mWvU-h-ssk-\ys¯Zptcym-[-\³ {i²n¨p t\m¡n-sb¶v kRvP-b³ {]Xyp- cw \ÂIn.

BNm-cy-\mb ojva-tcmSv Zptcym-[-\³ C{]-Imcw ]d-ªp. ]mWvU-h-·m-cpsS ssk\ys¯ A§vt\m¡p-I. tZth-{µ\p Xpey-cmb cmPm-¡-·m-tcbpw òamÀÖp-\-·mÀs¡m- -apÅ alm-c-Y-·m-tcbpwImepw. \ap¡pw cmPm-¡-·mÀ ]e-cp--tÃm. A§mWv Ah-cpsS \mb-I³. F\n-¡p-thn \n§Ä{]mW-XymKw sN¿m³ Hcp-s¼-«mepw.

cmPm-¡-·m-cpsS a[y- nÂ \n¶p-sImv òjvaÀ iwJp hnfn- p. AXp-tI«v i{Xp-]£w H¶v Cf-In-bmÀ¡p-Ibpw Iuc-h-ssk\yw ISÂt]mse BÀ¯n-c-¼p-Ibpw sNbvXp. apc-iv,-]-Whw XpS-§nbhmZy-§Ä F¼mSpw apg-§n-b-Xp-tI«v AJn-te-iz-c-\mb {ioIr-jvW³ CSn-ap-g§pw t]mse-bpÅiwJ-\mZapbÀ¯n.

AXp-tI«v AÀÖp-\³ tZh-Z¯sa¶ Xsâ iwJw DuXn. bp[n-jvT-c³ A\- -hn-P-b-hpw òa³]uWv{Uhpw DuXn.-\-Ipe kl-tZ-h-·mÀ kptLm-jw, aWn-]p-jv]Iw F¶o iwJ-§-fnÂ\n¶p \mZwDbÀ¯n. Cu i_vZ-§Ä DbÀ¶-t¸mÄ BIm-ihpw qanbpw \Sp-§p-Ibpw i{Xp-¡-fm. Iuc-h-cpsSlrZbw ]nf-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

cma-I-Y-¸m«v

Hcp P\-Iob alm-Im-hy-amWv A¿n¸nÅ Bimsâ cma-I-Y- m«v. Im-hy-Nm-cp-X-tbm-sSm¸w Km\-¯nsâ iànbpw emfn-Xyhpw CXnÂ¡mWp-¶p. {iocm-a-I-Y-bmWv BJym-\-hn-j-bw. cma-N-cn-X-¯nÂ\n¶p `n¶-ambn cmam-b-W-IY ]qÀW-ambpw DÄ -Sp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]Ip-Xn-bn-tesd `mKwbp²-Im-WvU-am-Wv. CXn-lm-k-Im-hy-§Ä hoc-c-k-{]-[m-\-§-fm-b-Xp-sIm-mWv bp²-hÀW-\-bnÂ



Ahbv¡p {]mapJyw ssIh-cp-¶-Xv. Cu IrXn¡v cma-N-cn-X- nÂ \n¶pÅ hyXy-kvX-X-IÄ Ch-bmWv

1.-Iq-Sp-XÂ kwKo-X-am-[p-cn-tbm-Sp-IqSn cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.

2.-{]m-tZ-in-I- mjm cmam-b-W-§Ä cmas\ Cuiz-c-]-Z-hn-bn-te-¡p-bÀ¯m³ {ian- -t¸mÄ cma-I-Y- m-«nÂ CXn-lm-k-]p-cp-js\ IqSp-XÂ am\p-jo-I-cn-¡m-\pÅ {ia-am-Wp-Å-Xv.

]m«n\p eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ Iev]n¨ e£Ww th{X ]men-¡m¯ cN-\-bm-Wn-Xv. F¶mÂ {Zan-U-kw-Lm-Xm-£c ]mTw F¶ {][m\ \n_-Ô-\sb X¯z- nÂ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p.-kw-kvIr-X-]-Z-§sf `mjm-]-Z-§-sf¶t]mse Xs¶ AXn-J-cm-£-c-§-tfmSpw Iq«-£-c-§-tfmSpw IqSn At±lw{]tbm-Kn- p. AtX-k-abw kwkvIr-X- nsâ A´co£w Imhy- nÂ IS-¶p-Iq-SmsX {i²n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XnI¨pw {Zmhn-U-am-sbmcp A -co-£-amWv cma-I-Y- m-«nÂ \ap-¡-\p- -h-s -Sp-I.-A-Xp-sIm-mWv kwkvIr-X- m-j-sb-s¡mv Bim³ kzIr-Xn-bnÂ hnSp-]Wn sN¿n¨p F¶v tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ \nco-£n- -Xv.

s\¿m-än³I-cbnÂ hngn-ª- n-\-Sp- pÅ AÆm-Sp-Xpd BWv Bimsâ P·-Ø-ew.-tIm-h-f-¯n-\-Sp- m-Wn-Xv. A¿n- nÅ Bims\ ae-bm-f- nse \h-c-Xv\-§-fnÂ {]Y-a-K-W-\o-b³ F¶v DÅqÀhnti-jn- n- n-cn-¡p¶p.hm-evaoIn cmam-b-W- nepw Imfn-Zm-km-Zn-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw Bim\v AKm-[-ambAdn-hp-m-bn-cp-¶p.cma-I-Y- m-«nsâ Ime-t - än ]WvUn-X-·mÀ¡n-S-bnÂ A`n{]m-b- n-¶-X-bp-v. eoem-Xn-e-I-c-N-\bv¡p ]n³]pw I®-È-Ir-Xn-IÄ¡p ap³]p-amWv CXnsâ cN-\m-Im-e-sa-¶XmWv s]mXpshAwKo-I-cn-¡-s -«n-«p-Å-Xv.

ae-bm-f-Ko-X-§-fpsS Ie-h-d-sb¶pw Hcp Km\-{]-Øm-\- nsâ kncm-tI-{µ-sa¶pw Cu IrXnhnti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-v. cma-I-Y-¸m-«nsâ Bem-]-\-¯n\v ]Zva-\m-`-kzm-an-t£-{X-¯nse DÕ-hmtLmj§-fnÂ anI¨ Øm\-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p.-tKm-]p-c- n\p Xmsg t£{X- n\p ]pd- p-h- mWvCXp ]mSn-bn-cp-¶-Xv. N{µ-h-fbw F¶p t]cpÅ sNdn-sbmcp DSp¡p am{X-amWv kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp-¶-Xv. CXv hnÃ-Sn- m³ ]m«p-Im-cpsS Bh-iy- n\p thn-bpÅ sX¡³ ]m«p-I-fnÂ s]Sp-¶n-Ã. Xan-gnsâ {]mtZ-in-I-cq-]-amWv Ah-bnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. hnj-bhpw {]mtZ-in-I-am-bn-cn¡pw. sFXn-lm-kn-I-am-bn-cn-¡n-Ã. Ccp-\q-ä-¼-tXmfw hr¯-§Ä CXn-ep-v.

cma-I-Y- m-«nse mj ae-bmw-X-angv BsW-¶mWv alm-Ihn DÅqÀ A`n-{]m-b-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.{]tbm-K-§Ä apgp-h³ Xangv A\p-k-cn- m-sW¶v ]n.-tKm-hn-µ- nÅ tcJ-s -Sp- p-¶p. Xan-gnsâ Nph-bpÅ sX¡³ Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀImcpsS hmsam-gn-bpsS {]mNo-\-cq-]-ambn CXnse `mjsb DÅqÀKWn-¡p-¶p. Xangv IeÀ¶ sX¡³ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse tZiy- m-j-bmWv CXn-ep-Å-sX¶v Cfw-Ip-fhpw A`n-{]m-b-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ Xan-gnsâ Hcp tZi-t`-Z-am-Wn-sX¶v tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ Icp-Xp-¶n-Ã. ImcWw ip² sN -angpw kwkvIr-Xhpw CS-I-eÀ¶pÅ `mK-§Ä CXnÂ [mcm-f-ambn ImWp-¶p-sh¶pw hnti-jW hnti-jy-s¸m-cp¯w hn`-ày´ cq]-§Ä XpS-§n-bh CXnsekwkvIrX {]tbm-K-§-fnÂ ImWm-\ps¶pw At±lw Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p.

BZy´w Imhym-ß-I-amb mj-bmWv Cu IrXn-bnepÅ-Xv.Xan-gn-tâbpw kwkvIr-X- n-tâbpwklm-b-t¯m-Sp-IqSn ae-bm-f- nÂ cq]-s¸« Hcp ssien-bm-Wn-Xn-ep-Å-Xv. amXr- m-j-bmb ae-bm-f-¯nsâ XnIª kwkvIm-c-t¯m-Sp-IqSn X\n¡v Gähpw hg-§n-bn-cp¶ Xan-gn-sâbpw kwkvIr-X-¯n-sâbpw hn`-h-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨v cq]-s -Sp- nb Hcp k¦-c- m-j-bpsS A\p-c-W\w CXnÂ \mwtIÄ¡p-¶p.

þ kwkvIr-X- nse Iq«-£-c-§Ä DÄs¸sS FÃm A£-c-§fpw CXnÂ D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p(-e-£va-W³, Aán )

þ Xme-hym-tZiw XpS-§nb \b-§Ä A§n§p {]hÀ¯n¨p ImWmw

þ â tNÀ¶ Ir{Xn-a-{]-tbm-K-§Ä [mcm-f-am-bp-v.

þ XÕ-a-§fpw XÕ-a-§fpw {]tXy-I- hy-h-Ø-sbm-¶p-an-ÃmsX {]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.

ae-bm-f- nse ]m«p-km-ln-Xy- nsâ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§-fnÂ cma-N-cn-X- n\pw I®-È-Ir-Xn-IÄ¡pwat²y-bmWv cma-I-Y- m-«nsâ Øm\w. kwkvIrXw ae-\m«pXangv F¶nh IqSp-XÂ eb-t¯msS kwKo-X-a-b-ambn CXnÂ kt½-fn- n-cn-¡p¶p.a-e-bm-f- nse {]mNo-\-]-Z-§-fpsS Hcp J\n-bmWv Cu IrXn. B\ne-bnÂ `mjm-hn-ZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v hne-s¸« Hcp ]T-\-{KÙw Xs¶-bmWv cma-I-Y- m-«v.

H¶mw hr¯w



1 AcpÄX-c-¡-hn-X-amXpw

A³I-c-t¯m-\p-sa- ³

Kpcp-h-c-sc-ÃmÀ]mZw

sIm-\³ Xe-ao-XmssI

Dc-ap-S-\p-i´ cmaþ

\ma¯p¡pXIn sNbvssI

Icp-XpI Id-¡-t-iÀ

IS-e-XnÂ hng-a-Xm-emÂ

Bibw: cma-I-Y- m-«nsâ XpS¡w Ipdn-¡p¶ hncp¯w BWn-Xv. Ihn CjvS-tZ-h-X-Isf kvXpXn- p-sImv Imhy-c-N\ Bcw- n-¡p-¶p. A\p-{Klw Xcp-hm-\mbn Ihn-am-Xv(-k-c-kz-Xn), A³I-c-t¯m³(-K-W-]-Xn),Kp-cp-h-c-·mÀ Ch-cp-sS-sbÃmw ]mZ-§Ä Rm³ inc-Ên-e-Wn-bp-¶p.-D-c-ap-Å-Xpw(-a-l-Xzw) D¶-X-hp-amb cma-IY hmgv¯p-¶-Xn\v klmbw sN¿m³ IS-ense hnjw `£n¨v Idp¯ IWvT-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb Cui³ A\p-{K-ln-¡-s«.

2 Be-\n-g-ap--c-\p-a-½-bp-ssa-amXpw

AcpÄX-cp-I-b³Ic-\p-a-dp-ap-J-h-\mcpw

tIme-ap-S-\n- n-c-cp-an-a-tbmÀap-\n-h-ccpw

sImÂs]mcpw hm\n-se-gp-an- n-c-N- n-ccpw

_me-a-Xn-Xs\ shÃpw-\p-X-en- n-cp-amepw

h¶-s¡m-Sn-bn-S-bp-S-bmÄ hÃn-¡-hn-amXpw

ioe-ap-S-\n-hÀI-f-\-thmcpw aäp-tÅmcpw

Nn -X-\n-se³Kp-cp-hp-a-¦-dn-hp-tÅmcpw

Bibw: Imf-IqSw `£n¨ inh\pw temI-am-Xm-hmb Dam-tZ-hnbpw KW-]-Xnbpw kp{_-Ò-Wy\pwkp`-K-\mb C{µ\pw tZhÀjn-Ifpw BIm-i¯p hnf-§p¶ kqcy\pw N{µ\pw kpµ-cn-bmb alm-e-£vanbpw alm-hn-jvWphpw Irimw-Kn-bmb kc-kz-Xnbpw A\y-ssZ-h-§fpw Fsâ Kpcphpw aäp]WvUn-X-·mcpw Fsâ lrZ-b- nÂ Acp-fp-am-dm-I-s«.

3 Adn-hn-\p-S-\-¶-b-cp-a³s]mSp ]nXmhpw

cma-Im-hnb acp-fsh XpW-sN-bvXoS

s\dn-h-f-cp-a-b-\-a-sbm-S-cp-fn\ ssZhnIw

t\i-samSp ap\n \mc-Z³ a\-kn-ted

shdn-s]-cpIn hmevao-In-sbmSp Iqdn-\-XmÂ

hn-\³Ihn-IÄ _lp-a--e-am-sX¦pw

Ipdn-bm-\-hmÀ¯ \ngÂIp Nndp-Xm-sII

Ip_-ebw X\nÂ\nâp-bm³ ]mSpw hssI-Xm³

Bibw: Adn-hp-Å-h-fmb Fsâ A½bpw A³ ]pÅ AÑ\pw cma-Imhyw Acp-fm³ XpW sN¿-s«. [À½m-ßm-hmb inh³ Dam-tZhn-tbmSp ]dª BZ-c-]qÀÆw a\-Ên-em-¡nb \mc-Z-a-lÀjn DÕm-l-]qÀÆw hmevao-In-tbmSp ]d-ª-Xn-\mÂ henb Imhy-§Ä `qa-WvU-e- n-se§pw Dm-bn.-km-c-]qÀW-amb B IY-bpsS \ng-ep-am{Xw {Kln- p-sImv tImhfw tZi- n-cp¶p Rm³ hÃ-]mSpw]mSp-¶p.

4 Xmt\gpkmK-c- -s\-b-S-¦-ehpw

X\n-sb-dp-¼p-®p-h-Xm-\-N-cn-t]mse

Xmt\-Xp-a-dn-bm-a-enâp-c-sN¿pw hssI

\tÃmÀ s]mdp- -cpÄI-sb-tÃm-cp-an-½-Ing

hmt\-dp-]p-cn-IÄ ]cn-bmIsbmfn-hoSpw



hm\-hcpw \¼n-Sp-a-tbm-²y-]p-cn-X-¶nte

Rm\-samSp `q]-Xn-amÀ ]e-cm-sm-Sp¦

\¼n-b-P-cm-P-\p-]n-d´p Zi-c-Ycpw

Bibw: Ggp kmK-c-§fpw apgp-h-\mbn Hcp Ddp¼p X\nsb IpSn- p-XoÀ¡m³ Hcp-s¼Spw t]mse-bm-Wn-Xv. bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-Ãm¯ Rm³ Dc-sN-¿p-¶-sXÃmw k¯p-¡-fmb \n§Ä £an- -cp-fn-bm-epw. kzÀ¤temI- nse \K-c-§Ä¡p Xpey-ambn tim`n-¡p-¶Xpw tZh³amÀ t]mepw B{i-bn-¡p-¶-Xp-amb Atbm-[ym-]p-cn-bnÂ Úm\n-I-fmb Ht«sd cmPm-¡-·m-cpsS ]n·p-d-¡m-c-\mbn AP-a-lm-cm-Pm-hn\p ]p{X-\mbn Zi-c-Y³ ]nd-¶p.

5 Zi-c-YÀ ]nd- p- p-hn,-b-d-aXp hfÀ´p

inh-P-h-a-dn´p ]e s\dn-I-fp-ap-W- mÀ

KPc-Y-a-S-¦-e-hp-a-h-\n-bnÂ \nd´p

sI©n-h-cp-hmÀIÄ \S-X-¦-fp-a-S´p

\nP-ckw hf´p ]e-Zn-in-I-fp-ap-W´p

t\i-Ip-e-io-e-apÅ tImk-e-h³a-b-emÂ

hN-c-k-a-dn´ Iuk-ey-amÀX-s\bpw

awK-eyhpw sNbvXp amÀÆ-W- -\-cmw.

Bibw: Zi-c-Y³ P\n- p. `qan-bnÂ [À½w hfÀ¶p. thZm- y-k\w {]N-cn- p. kZm-Nm-c-§Ä hÀ²n-¨p. B\,-tXcv apX-em-bh cmPy¯p \nd-ªp. bmN-I-·mÀ CÃm-Xm-bn. kXy-\njvT FÃm-bn-S¯pw\nd-ªp.-\Ã Ipe-io-e-§-tfmSp IqSnb tImk-em-[n-]³ hfsc t{]a-t¯msS a[p-c- m-jn-Wn-I-fmbIukey XpS-§n-b-hsc hnhmlw sNbvXv kpJ-am-bn-cp-¶p.

6 AWbv´p ]e-\mÄ aqâp tZhn-b-cp-amssI

Bi-sbm-Sn-cp´p ]e-\m-fp-IÄ apIn- mÀ

CW-¦n\ kpan- n-c-c-dn´p sNÃp-a-¶mÄ

Gd-a-\-\o-dÂ s]cp-Xm-I-bp-c-sN-bvXmÀ

AW-¦-bÀ s]dpw s]dp-saâm-hn-IÄ Ipfp´p

Bi-b-Ãm-a-semcp t\i-ansÃ a¶m

“aW-¦Ä Iecpw Ipg-en-amÀIÄ anSn Xossc

ssa´À s]dp-hmÀI-fnsÃ” âp Zi-c-Ycpw

Bibw: ]e-\mÄ aq¶p tZhn-am-scbpw {]m]n¨v Zi-c-Y³ Bi-tbmsS Ign- p-Iq-«n. {]nb-s -«-h-\mbkpa-{´À Hcp Znhkw h¶v a\Êp hÃmsX \odn-s¡mv C§s\ ]d-ªp.þ {]nb-X-a-amÀ s]dpws]dpw F¶m-in¨v DÅw IpfnÀ¯p.;]t£ Bf-IÄ kXy-am-bn-Ã. kpµ-cn-amÀ tZmj-§Ä XoÀ¶vIp«n-Isf {]k-hn-¡p-I-bnÃ F¶p Zi-c-Y\pw ]d-ªp.

7 CÃ hn[n-sbâ-I-a-gn- p-c-sN-bvXoS

C¼-samSp a´ncn kpan- n-cÀ samgn- m³

AÃ-en-Xn-\m-ep-SÂ Xf- p-cp-In-bp-cpIn

Ah-\n-]Xn Zn\-hp-an-Xp-I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-s]m-gpXpw

sXmssÃ s]cp-Xmbv a\-a-gn- nS \ap¡p

kzb-am-I-bn-_v p-hn-bnÂ h -h-ssI-Xmt\m

sNmÃ-cnb kqcn-b-Ip-e- n-ep-fÀhm-t\mÀ

kpX-cp-¡p-an- -Sn-hcpw IcpW a¶m

Bibw: F\n¡p a¡-fp-m-Im³ hn[n-bnÃ F¶v AI-a-gnªp cmPmhp ]d-ª-t¸mÄ C¼-t¯msSa{´n-bmb kpa- À ]d-ªp.Cu Zp:Jw \nan¯w Ah-\n-]-Xn-bmb A§v cm]-IÂ t¢in¨p a\-ap-cp-Ip-¶Xv R§Ä¡v Cu temI¯p kw`-hn¨ `mKy-tZm-j-am-Wv.-{]-i-kvX-amb kqcy-Ip-e- nÂ P\n- -hÀ¡pw alm-cm-Pmth C{]-Imcw Zp:Jap-m-Iptam?

8 a¶-hs\ ssh`WvU-I³Xs\ hcp¯n



hmgv]p-cn-bn-tem-an- n-SnÂ¸p-XÂh-cpmw

F¶-]-Sn-bm-\m-ep-a-½p-\n-h-c³ ap³

Fgp-\-cpfn-bSnsXm-hp-Xp-bn--se-bp-a-cpfn

sNm¶-sam-gn-tI«p ap\n-h³X-s\-b-g- mÂ

Xpb-cd \ap¡p shfn-h-cp-a-c-i-\\mw

Nn¶-\mÄap¶-a-¡m-e-a-½p-\n-h-c³

sNbvX-]Sn tIfn-Xn-s\m-scm· s]dp-hm-\mbv

Bibw: alm-cm-Pmth Eiy-irw-Ks\ Atbm-²y-bnÂ hcp¯n bmKw \S- n-bmÂ ]p{X-·m-cp-m-Ipw.-F{X hnj-an- n-«m-bmepw B ap\n-h-csâ ap¶nÂ-F-gp-¶Ån ]mZ§Ä sXmgpXv k¦-Ss¯ Adn-bn-¡p-I. Inco-Sm-h-Imin P\n-¡pw. CXp kXy-am-sW-¶p-Å-Xn\p sXfn-hmbn B ap\n _mey- nÂsNbvX Hcp Imcyw tIÄ¡pI

9 H·s]dsh tcma-]-Z-\p-S-b-\m-«nÂ

Hdn-hn-X-sa-gp- p-½ssg tNmcm-X-aqew

X· s]cp-Xm-bp-e-In-epÅ P\-saÃmw

Xc-bn-f- n-a-]p-cn-bn-e-a-cp-h-Xn-s\-¡mÄ

H· adp-\m-Sp-I-c-tb-dp-aXp \msaâp

DS-\-c-i-]p-cn-bnÂ \S-sIm-Åp-h-Xp-Imew

\·-]-cn-]m-e-cpsS a´n-cn-amÀ sNmÃmÂ

\mcn-I-sf-bn-¦-h-\-g- -cpÄ sNbvXm\mw

Bibw: tcma-]-Zsâ \m«nÂ ag-s]-¿m- -Xp-aqew hcÄ¨bpm-bn.B shdn hÀ²n- p. [csb hn«vba-]p-cn-bnÂ F¯p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ \ÃXv adp-\m-Sp-I-fn-te¡v t]mIp-I-bmWv F¶p-I-cpXn Q\-§-sfÃmw Ac-i-]p-cn-bnÂ\n¶p bm{X Xncn- p.-A-t¸mÄ cmPmhv \· D]-tZ-in-¡p¶ a{´n-am-cpsS hm¡p-IÄ tI«v kpµ-cn-amsc hcp¯n Ah-tcmSv C{]-Imcw ]d-ªp.



samUypÄ 3aWn-{]-hmf kmlnXyw

{]mNo\ ae-bmf kmln-Xy- nse AXn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp Imhy-im-J-bmbn aWn-{]-hm-fs¯ Icp-Xp-¶p. F.-Un. 13, 14, 15 \qäm-p-I-fmWv CXnsâ {]`mhImew. ae-bmf mjbv¡pw kmln-Xy- n\pw_e-h- mb ASn- d \nÀ½n-¡m³ Cu Imhy {]Øm-\- n\p Ign-ªp. Ncn-{X-]-chpw mjm-]-c-hp-amb kml-N-cy-§Ä aWn-{]-hmf kmln-Xy- nsâ hfÀ¨bv¡p ]n¶nÂ Is- m³ km[n-¡pw.kaq-l- nÂ taÂss¡bpmbncp¶ ss{XhÀWnI kap-Zm-b-§-fmWv Cu {]Øm-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«p {]hÀ¯n- -Xv. F«mw iX-I-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-mb Bcym-[n-\n-thiw tIc-f- nâ kmaq-lnIkmwkvIm-cnI aWvU-e-§-fnÂ amä-§Ä¡p hgn-sX-fn- p. \¼q-Xncn þ {_mÒW kap-Zmbw B[n-]Xyw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-Ibpw NmXpÀhÀWyw {]_-e-s¸-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. D]-cn-hÀK-`m-j-bmbkwkvIrXw ae-\m«p Xan-gn-t\mSv (tIc-f- mj) tNÀ¶v Hcp hyh-lmc `mj þ `mjm an{iw þ cq]-s -Sp-I-bp-m-bn. CXnsâ kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv aWn-{]-hm-fw.

"`mjm kwkvIrX tbmtKm aWn-{]-hmfw' F¶mWv eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ aWn-{]-hm-f- n\p e£WwIev]n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. `mj F¶-Xp-sImv tIcf `mj-sbbpw kwkvIrXw F¶-Xp-sImv hn -ày´kwkvIr-X-s¯bpw tbmKw F¶-Xp-sImv klr-Zb lrZ-bm-Ëm-Z-I-c-amb tNÀ -sb-bp-amWv hnh-£n-¡p-¶-sX¶v eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ ]d-bp-¶p-v. aWn-{]-hm-f- nÂ \mep-Xcw ]Z-§Ä hcmw.

`mjm-{]-IrXn + `mjm{]Xybw þ> `mj.kwkvIr-X-{]-IrXn + `mjm-{]-Xybw þ> `mjo-IrXw.kwkvIr-X-{]-IrXn + kwkvIrX{]Xybw þ> kwkvIrXw.`mjm-{]-IrXn + kwkvIrX{]Xybw þ> kwkvIr-Xo-IrXw.

kwkvIr-X-{]-Ir-Xn-tbmSv kwkvIr-X-{]-Xybw tNÀ¶p-m-Ip-¶-XmWv bYmÀ° kwkvIr-X-]-Zw. CXvaWn-{]-hm-f- nÂ IWn-È-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. hn`-ày´ kwkvIr-X-§fpw kwkvIr-Xo-Ir-X-§fpw aWn-{]-hm-f- nÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-sa¶pw eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ ]d-bp-¶p-v. aWn-{]-hm-f-sa¶kwÚ-bnÂ aWn F¶-Xp-sImv Nph- p-\n-d-apÅ amWn-Iy-s¯bpw {]hmfw F¶-Xp-sImv Nph¸p]hn-g-s¯-bp-amWv AÀ°-am-¡p-¶-Xv. `mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw X½n-epÅ tNÀ¨ aWnbpw {]hm-fhpw X½n-se-¶-h®w At`-Z-t_m[w P\n- n-¡-W-sa¶pw eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ hyà-am-¡p-¶p. `mjm-kw-kvIr-X-§-fp-sSbpw ck-hm-Nym-À°-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\- nÂ aWn-{]-hm-fs¯ H³]Xv hn`m-K-ambn At±lw hn`-Pn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.

1. XZp- aw `mjm-c-k-{]m-[mt\y þ (D- -a-a-Wn-{]-hm-fw).`mj, kwkvIr-Xs¯ At]-£n¨v {][m-\w.ckw, hmNys¯ At]-£n¨v {][m-\w.

2. `mjm{]m[mt\y ck-km-amt\y þ (D- -a-IÂ]w)`mj kwkvIr-Xs¯ At]-£n¨v {][m-\w.ckhpw hm-Nyhpw kam-\w.

3. ck-{]m-[mt\y `mjm-km-tay N þ (D- -a-IÂ]w).`mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw kam-\w.ckw hmNy-s¯-¡mÄ {][m-\w.

4. kmtay a[yw þ (a-[y-a-a-Wn-{]-hm-fw).`mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw kam-\w.ckhpw hmNyhpw kam-\w.

5. `mjm kmtay ck-\yq-\-tXz þ (a-[y-a-IÂ]w).`mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw kam-\w.ckw hmNys¯ At]-£n¨v \yq\w.

6. ck-kmtay `mjm-\yq-\-tXz- N. þ (a-[y-a-IÂ]w).`mj kwkvIr-Xs¯ At]-£n¨v \yq\w.ckhpw hmNyhpw kam-\w.



7. `mjm {]m[mt\y ck-\yq-\-tXz N þ (-a[yaIÂ]w).

`mj kwkvIr-X-s¯-¡mÄ {][m-\w.ckw hmNy-s¯-¡mÄ \yq\w.

8. ck-{]m-[mt\y `mjm-\yq-\tXz N þ (a-[y-a-IÂ]w).

`mj kwkvIr-Xs¯ At]-£n¨v \yq\w.ckw hmNys¯ At]-£n¨v {][m-\w.

9. \yq\tXz A[aw þ (A-[-a-a-Wn-{]-hm-fw).

`mj kwkvIr-Xs¯ At]-£n¨v \yq\w.ckw hmNys¯ At]-£n¨v \yq\w.

aWn-{]-hmf Imhy-§-fpsS Bcw`w tXme³ F¶ Ihn-bp-ambn _Ô-s -Sp- n-bmWv ]d-ªp-h-cp-¶-Xv. At±-l- n-tâ-Xmbn ]d-ªp-h-cp¶ aWn-{]-hmf]Zy-§Ä kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsSF¶ {KÙ- nÂ Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅ D²-cn- p-Im-Wp-¶p. Iq¯pw IqSn-bm-«hpw Nne ]cn-jvIm-c-§-tfmsS cwK- -h-X-cn- n- -t¸mÄ hnZq-j-I³ {]Xn-tÇm-I-§Ä sNmÃp-¶Xv aWn-{]-hm-f- n-em-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. CXnsâ D¯-c-hm-Zn- hpw tXme-\n-emWv Btcm-]n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯-c- nÂ IqSn-bm-«- nse \nc-h[n aWn-{]-hmf]Zy-§Ä Cu Imhy-im-J-bpsS {]mNo\ amXr-I-I-fm-bn- o-cp-¶p.

sshin-I-X{´w F¶ IrXn eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ ]d-bp¶ aWn-{]-hmf e£-W-§Ä XnIª cN-\-bm-Wv. A\wK-tk\ F¶ KWn-Ibv¡v A½ \evIp¶ D]-tZ-i-amWv Imhy-hn-j-bw. sshin-I-X{´w

F¶ {]mNo\ aWn-{]-hmfcN-\bpw A¨o NcnX§fpw (D-®n-bm-Sn-N-cn-Xw, D®n-b¨o Ncn-Xw, D®n- n-cp-tXhn Ncn-Xw), aWn-{]-hmf eLp-Im-hy-§-fmb sNdn-b- o, C«n-b- o, Cf-b- o, D¯-cm-N-{µn-Im, taZn-\osh®n-em-hv F¶n-hbpw D®p-\oen ktµ-iw, tImI-k-tµiw F¶o ktµ-i-Im-hy-§fpaS-§p¶e£-W-sam¯ aWn-{]-hmf kmlnXyw "N{µm-Õhw' F¶ IrXn-bpsS Imew hsc ImWm-\m-hpw.eoem-Xn-eI hyh-Ø-IÄ ]qÀ®-ambpw ]men-¡p-¶Xv Cu IrXn-IÄ am{X-am-Wv. A\- -c-Im-e- p-mb cmam-bWw N¼p, ss\j[w N¼p, cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eobw XpS-§n-b-h-bnse `mj BZn-L« IrXn-I-fnÂ \n¶pw Gsd amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWm-\m-hpw.

\½psS aWn-{]-hmf kmlnXyw ]cn-tim-[n- mÂ Ahbv¡p Nne s]mXp kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄImWm-w. H¶m-a-t¯Xv; Ah-bpsS cN-bn-Xm-¡Ä kwkvIrXw amXr- m-j-bm-bn-cp¶ \¼q-Xn-cn-amcpwAh-tcmSp _Ô-s¸« D¶-X-Pm-Xn-¡m-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p. cm-as¯ khn-ti-jX {]Xn-]m-Zy- nsâ {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. {]mNo\ aWn-{]-hmf Imhy-§Ä tZh-Zmko {]IoÀ¯-\-§-fm-Wv. kwt`mK irwKm-c-amWvAwKn-bmb ckw. {]mNo-\-a-Wn-{]-hmfIrXn-I-fpsS aq¶m-as¯ khn-ti-jX ka-Im-enIPohn-Xs¯Hc-f-hp-hsc Ah {]Xn- -en- n¨p F¶-Xm-Wv. tIc-f- nsâ {]IrXnemh-Wytam P\-§-fpsS Pohn-X-co-Xntbm aWn-{]-hmfIrXn-I-tf-t¸mse asämcp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-bnepw ka-{K-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn- n-«n-Ã.kpJ-tem-ep-]-X-bnÂ Ign-ªn-cp¶ k¼¶hn`m-K- nsâ kmlnXy hnt\m-Z-am-bn-cp¶p aWn-{]-hmfIrXn-IÄ.

tIc-f-N-cn-{X- nse Ccp-f-Sª GSp-I-fn-te¡p shfn- w-ho-ip-hm³ ]e aWn-{]-hmfImhy-§Ä¡pwIgn-ªn-«p-v. tImIktµ-i- nÂ sImSp-§-ÃqÀ-þ-sIm¨n {]tZ-i-§Ä DÄs -Sp¶ a[y-tI-c-f- nsâcmjv{So-b-N-cn-{Xhpw `qan-im-kv{Xhpw [mcm-f-ambn kqNn- n-¡p-¶p-v. thWm-Snsâ Ncn{Xw D®p-\oen ktµ-i- nepw HmS-\m-Snsâ Ncn{Xw D®n-bmSn Ncn-X- nepw ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶p-v. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw Ncn-{X-]-chpw `mjm-]-c-hp-ambn aWn-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-IÄ¡p {]m[m-\y-ap-v.PoÀ®-kw-kvIm-c- nsâ bYm-XY Nn{XWw \nÀh-ln-¡p-Ibpw Bß-\njvT cN-\-I-fn-eqsS Imhy-k-]cy \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX aWn-{]-hmf Ihn-IÄ ae-bmf mjbv¡p \evInb tkh-\-§sf hne-Ip-d¨p ImWp-hm³ \ap-¡m-hn-Ã. B[p-\nI ae-bm-f- nsâ cq]-h-XvI-c-W- nÂ aWn-{]-hmf cN-\-IÄ \evInb kw`mh-\-IÄ H¶p-sIm-p am{Xw Cu Imhy-im-J-tbmSp \mw IS-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p.



ktµ-i-Imhy {]Øm\w

\½psS aWn-{]-hmf kmlnXys¯ k¼-¶-am-¡p¶ ktµiImhy-§-fpsS BZy-am-XrI \mw Is-¯p-¶Xv kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy- n-em-Wv. aäv temI-km-ln-Xy-§-fn-se§pw C -c-samcp Imhy-c-N-\m-coXn ImWp-¶n-Ã. AXp-sImv ktµ-i-Im-hy- nsâ Ncn{Xw kwkvIr-X-km-lnXy Ncn-{X-t¯mSv _Ô-s¸«p \nev¡p-¶p. ae-bm-f- nÂ aWn-{]-hm-f-Im-e-L-«- n-emWv ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä {]Nmcw t\Sn-b-Xv.Imfn-Zmk Imhy-§-fm-bn-cp¶p \ap¡v ktµ-i-ImhycN-\bv¡v {]tNm-Z-\w. ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä¡v cq]m-h-eo-tIm-em-l-e-§tfm CXn-hr- -ssh-]p-eytam `mh-k-¦oÀ®-X-Itfm A[n-I-ambn ImWm-dn-Ã. Hcpkw -hw-þ-hn-c-lw, Hcp `mhw þ hn{]-ew- w. AXnsâ hnIm-k- nsâ A\p-kyq-Xn-bmWv ktµ-i-Im-hyw.C§s\ t\m¡p-t¼mÄ \ho-\-L-«- nÂ {]Nm-c-amÀPn¨ mh-Ko-X-§Ä¡v ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-tfmSv kmay-ap-s¶v a\-Ên-em-Ipw. ktµ-i-Im-hy-§sf Bß-\n-jvT-Im-hy-§-sf¶pw ]d-bm-dp-v. ImcWw ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fpsS cN-\bv¡v ]n¶nÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ a\Êv A´Àap-J-am-Wv. hkvXp-k-Xy-§fpw kmaq-lnI \nb-a§fpambn AXn\v henb _Ô-sam-¶p-an-Ã. A´Àap-J³ lrZ-b-k-Xy-§Ä¡p cq]w \evIp-¶-h-\m-Wv. hyàn-Xz- n\v Aan-X-{]m-[m\yw Iev]n-¡p-¶-h-\m-Wv. CXv Imev]-\n-I-amb kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ ]cn-an-X-amb AÀY- nÂ ktµ-i-Im-hy-§sf "sdmamânIv Imhy'§sf¶p]d-bm-dp-v. `mh-\, {]ta-b- nsâ hyàn-K-XXzw F¶n-h-bnÂ ktµ-i-Im-hy-§fpw "sdmamânIvImhy'§fm-sWt¶ CXp-sImv Dt±-in-¡p-¶p-Åq.

ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä þ kwkvIrX kmln-Xy- nÂ

EtKz-Z-Imew apX-emWv kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw Bcw- n-¡p-¶-sX¶v kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bm-dp-v. ktµ-i-Im-hy-k-¦-ev]- nsâ {]Y-am-¦pcw EtKz-Z- nÂ¯s¶ ImWp-¶pv. AÀ¨m-\kv F¶Ejn-bpsS ]p{X-\mb iymhm-iz³ cm{Xnsb ZqXn-bm-¡p¶ Hcp kµÀ`w CXnÂ hnh-cn- n-«p-v. cY-hoXn F¶ cmPm-hnsâ aI-fnÂ A\p-c-à\mb iymhm-iz³ Ahsf hnhmlw Ign-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅXsâ B{Klw cmPm-hns\ Adn-bn-¡p¶Xn-\mWv cm{Xnsb ZqXn-bm-¡p-¶-Xv. hn{]-ew`ZpxJw A\p- -hn-¡p¶ \mb-I³ ktµ-i-a-b-bv¡p¶ BZys¯ Imhy-{]-kvXmhw CXm-sW¶p Icp-Xmw. CXn\vck-\o-b-Xbp-s¶p ]d-bm-\m-hn-sÃ-¦nepw ]nev¡m-e¯p hfÀ -bmÀPn¨ ktµ-i-Imhyw F¶ Imhy-cq-]-s¯-¡p-dn- pÅ {]Ya k¦ev]w ChnsS Bcw- n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v hmZn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

cmam-b-W- nepw alm- m-c-X- nepw \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-·m-cpsS hnc-lhpw ktµ-i-a-b-bv¡p¶ kµÀ -§-fp-ap-v. koXm-hn-tbm-K- mÂ ZpxJn-X-\mb cma³ koX-bpsS ASp-t¯¡v ktµ-i-hp-ambn l\p-ams\ Ab-bv¡p-¶p. Za-b- n-bnÂ {]W-bm-Xp-c-\mb \f³, Xsâ lrZ-bm- n-em-j-§sf lwkw aptJ\Za-b- nsb [cn- n-¡p-¶-XmWv alm- m-c-X- nse ZuXy-k-µÀ`w. D¯-c-hn-{]-ew- -amWv cmam-b-W- n-se-¦nÂ ]qÀh-hn-{]-ew- -amWv alm- m-c-X- nÂ Fs¶mcp hyXym-kta Chn-Sp-Åq.

"Ima-hn-em-]-Pm-XI'sa¶ _u²-Pm-X-I-I-Y-bnÂ B]- nÂs¸« Hcp-h³ Xsâ {]nb-X-abv¡v Im¡aptJ\ ktµ-i-a-b-bv¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWp-¶p. LS-IÀ -csâ "ba-I-Im-hyhpw' ]nev¡m-e-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-c-N-\bv¡v {]tNm-Z-I-am-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡-Ww. ZpxJn-X-bmb Hcp kv{Xo Xsâ timN-\o-b-amb Ah-Øm-hn-tijw hnZq-c-Ø-\mb \mb-Is\ Adn-bn-¡p-hm³ Hcp {]`m-X-ta-L-t¯mSv A`yÀ°n-¡p-¶-XmWvCXnse IYm-h-kvXp. C¯cw \nc-h[n kmln-Xy-am-Xr-I-IÄ kwkvIr-X- nÂ ImWm-\m-hp-sa-¦nepwCh-bvs¡m-¶n\pw ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa¶ t]cp \ÂIm-\m-hn-Ã. ktµ-i-Im-hy- nsâ ]qÀh-am-Xr-I-I-fmbn Chsb IW-¡m¡mw F¶p-am-{Xw.

Imfn-Zm-k\pw taL-k-tµ-ihpw

{In.-]n. 375-þ480 BWv Imfn-Zm-ksâ Pohn-X-Im-e-sa¶v Icp-X-s -Sp-¶p. ktµiw F¶ Bi-bs¯ap³\n-dp¯n Hcp Imhy-cq]w BZy-am-bn- oÀ¯Xv Imfn-Zm-k-\m-Wv. taL-k-tµiw Dm-bn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ C§-s\mcp Imhy-imJ ]nev¡m-e¯v hfÀ¶p ]pjvI-e-am-Iptam F¶ Imcyw-t]mepwkwi-b-am-Wv. kwkvIr-X- nepw aäv C´y³ mj-I-fnepw ]n¶o-Sp-mb ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Äs¡ÃmwamXr-I-bm-bXv Imfn-Zm-ksâ taL-k-tµ-i-am-Wv.



cmam-b-W- nse l\p-a-±q-Xn-s\-bmWv Imhy-c-N-\bv¡v Imfn-Zm-k³ amÀK-Zo-]-am-¡n-b-sX-¶-Xn\vImhy- nÂ kqN-\-I-Ä ImWp-¶p-v. C¡m-cy- nÂ ]WvUn--X-·mÀ¡v `n¶m- n-{]m-b-§-fm-Wp-Å-Xv."ba-I-Imhy's¯bmWv amXr-I-bm-¡nbsX¶mWv asämcp {]_e A`n-{]m-bw. F¶mÂ IrXy-amb\nK-a-\- n\v C\nbpw km[n- n-«n-Ã. Xsâ Ime-L-«- n\p ap³]p-mb ZuXy-k-µÀ`-§-fpÅ ]eImhy-§fpw Imfn-Zm-ks\ taL-k-tµ-i-\nÀan-Xn-bnÂ kzm[o-\n- n-cn¡mw F¶v kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bp-hmt\ C¶v \ap¡p km[n-¡p-I-bp-Åq.

Hcp b£-\mWv taL-k-tµ-i-\m-b-I³. Ipt_-csâ DtZym-K-Ø-\m-bn-cp¶p AbmÄ. \mb-IsâIÀ¯-hy-tem-]- nÂ Ip]n-X-\mb Ipt_-c³ Abmsf i]n-¡p-¶p. A§s\ Hcm-p-Im-es¯ {]nbm-hn-c-lhpw hntZ-i-hm-khpw AbmÄ¡v A\p- -hn-t¡-n-h-¶p. `mcym-hn-tbm-K- mÂ ZpxJn-X-\mbb£³ Xsâ t{]a-k-tµiw `mcysb Adn-bn-¡m³ taLs¯ ktµ-i-l-c-\m-¡p-¶p. H¸w {]nb-X-a-bpsS Krl- nÂ F¯n-t -cm-\pÅ amÀ¤hpw \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶p. Cu amÀK-hÀW-\-bmWv Ihn-X-bpsS{][m-\- m-Kw. \mbn-I-tbmSv Xsâ {]W-b-sam-gn-IÄ sNmÃn-bn«v thKw XncnsI hc-W-sa¶pw b£³taL-t¯mSv Bh-iy-s -Sp-¶p.

taL-k-tµ-is¯ D¯-a-I-em-kr-jvSn-bmbn DbÀ¯p-¶Xv {]Xo-Xymß-IX-bm-Wv. ZuXy-hm-l-I-cmb taL-§sf \mw In-«n-Ã. F¶mÂ A§-s\-sbm-¶nsâ {]XoXn P\n- n-¡m³ Imfn-Zm-k\pkm[n- p. b£-s\bpw b£n-Wn-sbbpw \ap¡v ]cn-N-b-an-Ã. F¦nepw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-§-fpsS Xc-fm-\p- q-Xn-IÄ \½n-ep-f-hm-¡m³ alm-I-hn¡p km[n- p. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ taL-k-tµiw A`q-X-]qÀh-amb Hcp ImhyamXr-I-bmbn kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy- nÂ tim`n-¡p-¶psh¶v N¼-¡pfw A¸p-¡p-«³]nÅ hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

taL-k-tµ-i- n-\p-tijw

taLktµ-i- n-\p-tijw \mep iX-I-t¯mfw ktµ-i-Im-hy-amÀKw iq\y-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]n¶oSvktµiw F¶ k¦ev]w ]IÀ¯n-b-h-cnÂ {][m\n `h- q-Xn-bm-Wv. ame-Xo-am-[-h- nÂ taL-s¯-bmWv Ct±lw ktµ-i-l-c-\mbn Ab-bv¡p-¶-Xv. ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa¶ t]cnÂ taL-k-tµ-i- n-\p-tijw Hcp IrXn-bp-m-Ip-¶Xv H³]Xmw \qäm-n-em-Wv. Pn\ tk\³ F¶ Ihn-bpsS ]mÀizm- yp-Z-b-amWv Imhyw. ktµ-i-Im-hy- nÂs -Sp¯nbncn-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nepw CXnÂ hnc-l-anÃ þ ktµ-i-anÃþ ktµ-i-l-c-\p-an-Ã. F¶mÂ taL-k-tµ-is¯ A\p-I-cn v amÀ¤-hÀW-\-IÄ \S- n-bn-«p-v. ]¯mw-i-X-I- n-ep-mb hn{I-a-I-hn-bpsS t\an-Zq-X-amWv asämcp ktµ-i-Im-hyw. CXn-s\bpw e£-W-sam¯ktµ-i-Im-hy-ambn Icp-Xm-\m-hn-Ã.

taLktµ-i- n-\p-tijw hntbm-K-Zpx-J- n\p {]m[m\yw sImSp¯v Fgp-X-s -«n-«pÅ Gähpw{]mNo-\-Imhyw t[mbn-bpsS ]h-\-Zq-X-am-Wv. CXnÂ \mbn-I-bmWv ktµ-i-a-b-bv¡p-¶-Xv. ]h-\-Zq-Xn-\p-tijw cp \qäm-tmfw C¯cw Imhy-am-Xr-I-I-sfm¶pw kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy- nÂ Dm-bn-Ã. F¶mÂ ]Xn-¶memw \qämp apXÂ Cu kmlnXy imJ hopw kPo-h-am-bn- o-cp-¶p-v.

ktµ-i-Imhyw þ {]Øm\w F¶ \ne-bn-te¡v

ktµ-i-Im-hy-imJ Hcp {]Øm-\-ambn hf-cp-¶Xv {In.-]n. ]Xn-¶memw iXIw apX-em-Wv. CXn\vBcw`w Ipdn- Xv ]qÀW kc-kz-Xn-bpsS "lwk-k-tµiw' BWv. CtX Ime¯p Xs¶ asämcp"lwk-k-tµiw' IqSn ImWp-¶p. sshjvW-hm-Nm-cy-\mb thZm- -tZ-in-I-cmWv Ihn. Ch-scÃmw amXr-I-bm-¡n-bXv taLk-tµ-i-Im-c-\mb Imfn-Zm-k-s\-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

ipI-k-tµiw : ipI-k-tµ-i-Imew {In.-]n. ]Xn-\memw iX-I-am-sW-¶mWv ]WvUn-X-a-Xw. e£vao-Zm-k-\mWv CXnsâ IÀ¯m-hv. ktµ-i-Im-cWw \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-·mÀ¡v kz]v\- n-ep-m-Ip¶ hnc-l-am-Wv. ipIw aptJ\ hnc-lmÀ¯-\mb \mb-I³ \mbn-Ibv¡v ktµ-i-a-b-bv¡p-¶p. {]uVnbpw Kmw`o-cyhpw \ndª Hcp ktµ-i-Im-hy-am-Wn-Xv.

tImIn-e-k-tµiw: ]Xn-¶memw \qäm-nse asämcp {][m-\-Ir-Xn-bmWv tImIne ktµ-iw. D±-WvU-im-kv{Xn-I-fmWv cN-bn-Xm-hv. mcym-Kr-l- nÂ Dd-§n-¡n-S¶ \mb-Is\ KÔÀÆ-·mÀ FSp- p-sImpt]mIp-¶p. Im©n-bnÂ AhÀ Abmsf Dt]-£n-¡p-¶p. `mcym-hn-tbm-K-hyY hÀ²n- -t¸mÄ HcptImIn-es¯ ktµ-i-hp-ambn \mbn-I-bpsS ASp-t¯-¡-b-bv¡p-¶p. Bi-b-§-fpsS kpK-a-X, ]Z-km-c-fyw, cN-\m-ku-jvThw XpS-§nb KpW-§ÄsImv tImIn-e-k-tµiw ipI-k-tµ-is¯ AXn-i-bn-¡p-¶p.



]¿qÀ hmkp-tZh `«-Xn-cn-bpsS NtIm-c-k-tµ-iw, DZ-b-I-hn-bpsS abq-c-Zq-Xw, `«-hm-a-\sâ lwk-k-tµ-iw, hmZn-N-{µ-kq-cn-bpsS ]h-\-Zq-Xw, hmkp-tZ-h-I-hn-bpsS rwK-k-tµ-iw, sImSp-§-ÃqÀ sIm¨p-®n- -¼p-cmsâ hn{]-k-tµ-iw, amXr-Z- sâ Ima-k-tµ-iw, {io[-c³\-¼n-bpsS \oe-I-WvT-k-tµ-iw,sI.-_n.-Ir-jvW-aqÀ¯n-bpsS 1954-þÂ {]km-[\w sNbvX ip\-I-k-tµiw F¶nh ]n¶o-Sp-mbkwkvIrX ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fnÂ Nne-h-bm-Wv. B[p-\nI kwkvIrX ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa¶p ]d-bm-hp¶ "acp-±qXw' cma-Ý-{µ-im-en-lmk F¶ kwkvIr-X-I-hn-bpsS kw`m-h-\bmWv. Cý³ kzmX-{ý-k-a-c-Ime kw`-h-§-fmWv CXnÂ IS-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv. Cu ktµ-i-Im-hy- n-\p-tijw kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy- nÂ ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fp-m-b-Xmbn ImWp-¶n-Ã. taL-k-tµ-i- n-\p-tijw CXx-]-cy´wAXnsâ cq]-Nm-cp-Xbpw `mh-km-{µ-Xbpw H¯n-W-§nb Hcp ktµ-i-Imhyw kwkvIr-X- ntem aävCý³ `mj-I-fntem Dm-bn-Ãmsb-¶Xpw {it²-b-am-Wv.

ae-bmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä

ae-bmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fpsS DXv]- n¡v kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-t¯mSv \mw IS-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p.\½psS ktµ-i-Imhy {]Øm-\- nsâ Ncn-{Xs¯ aWn-{]-hm-f-L-«-Im-hy-§-sf¶pw B[p-\nIL«Imhy-§-sf¶pw cmbn hn`-Pn-¡m³ km[n-¡pw. ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fpsS F®- mÂ ae-bmfw atä-sXmcp mc-Xob mj-sb At]-£n¨pw k¼-¶-am-Wv. ap -XnÂ¸cw ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä ae-bm-f- nÂFgp-X-s -«n-«p-v. F¶mÂ Ch-bnÂ hfsc Ipd- p-am-{Xta klrZ-b-{i² ]nSn- p-]-än-bn-«p-Å-p. -F-®-¯n-epÅ hÀ²-\hv KpW- nÂ ImWn-¡p-¶n-Ã. hnc-l-hyY ]Xnsb Imhy- nÂ\n¶pw A{]-Xy-£-am-bn. \mb-I\pw \mbn-Ibpw {]k-à-a-Ãm-Xm-bn. ]pcp-j³ ]pcp-j\pw kv{Xo kv{Xo¡pw Ab-bv¡p¶I¯p-I-fm-bn-t¸mepw ae-bm-f-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä Ime-{I-taW cq]w-am-dn.

(I)aWn-{]-hm-f-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä

{]mNo\ aWn-{]-hm-f- nÂ cNn-¡-s¸« cp ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fmWv \ap¡v e`n- n-«p-Å-Xv. D®-p\oenktµ-ihpw tImI-k-tµ-i-hpw. CXnÂ D®p-\oen ktµ-ita ]qÀW-cq-]- nÂ e`n- n-«p-Åq.tImI-k-tµ-i- nsâ ]qÀh- m-K- nse 96 tÇmI-§fpw 97-þmw tÇmI- nsâ GXm\pw A£-c-§fpwam{X-amWv e`yambn«p-Å-Xv. CXn\p ]pdsa ]WvUn-X-·mÀ "ImIktµiw' Fs¶mcp IrXn-sb- -änbpw ]d-ªp-Im-Wp-¶p. CsXmcp D]-lm-k-I-h-\-am-Im-\mWv km[y-X.

D®p\oenktµiw: ]qÀW-cq-]- nÂ e`n- n-«pÅ Htc-sbmcp {]mNo\ aWn-{]-hmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-am-Wn-Xv. kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-I-cp-sSbpw `mjm-]-WvUn-X-cp-sSbpw Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-cp-sSbpw {i² Cu IrXn]nSn- p-]-än-bn-«p-v. cN-\m-ku-jvT-h- nepw `mh-am-[p-cy- nepw D®p-\oenktµ-i- n\p Xpey-ambIrXn-IÄ A]qÀÆ-amtb ssIc-fn¡v e`n- n-«p-Åq. tIc-f- nsâ `q{]-Ir-Xnbpw kuµ-cy-hn-em-khpwA\p- -h-c-kn-I-X-tbmSpw sshNn-{Xy- w-Kn-tbm-Spw-IqSn asämcp {]mNo-\-Im-hy- nepw hÀWn- n-«n-Ã. ]Xn-\memw \qäm-nsâ aq¶mw-]m-Z-amWv Cu IrXn-bpsS cN-\m-Im-e-sa¶v Icp-X-s -Sp-¶p.

hS-¡pw-IqÀ cmPy- nse apJy-]p-cn-bmb ISp- p-cp- n-bn-emWv IY-bpsS Bcw- w. D®p-\o-en-bp-sam- p-d-§p¶ \mb-Is\ Hcp b£n FSp- p-sIm-p-t]m-Ip-¶p. ]ß-\m` kzman-t£-{X-\-S-bnÂ\mb-Is\ Dt]-£n-¡p-¶p. Øe-Im-e-t_m[w In«nb \mb-I³ Xr¸m- qÀ aq¸mb BZn-Xy-hÀa-bp-h-cm-Pm-hns\ {]oWn- n¨v Xsâ Ah-Ø-sb- än D®p-\o-en-tbmSv ]d-bm³ ISp- p-cp- n-bn-te-¡-b-bv¡m³ Hcp-s¼-Sp-¶p. XpSÀ¶v ktµ-i-Im-hy-km-[m-c-W-amb amÀ¤-hÀW\ þ \mbn-Im-Kr-l-hÀW\þ \mbnIm-hÀW\ þ ktµ-i-hmIyw þ Biwk F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ LS-I-§Ä tNÀ¶v e£-W-bp-à-amb Hcp ktµ-i-Imhyw cq]w-sIm-Åp-¶p.

F¶n-cn-¡nepw CXn-hr- -L-S-\-bnse bpàn-bn-Ãm-bva, hÀ®-\-bnÂ apJy-c-k- n-t\m-sSm- p-m-tI GIm-{K-X-bnÂ h¶ ssiYneyw AXym-h-iy-an-Ãm¯ A§mSnhÀ®-\-IÄ F¶n-§s\ ]et]mcm-bva-Ifpw D®p-\oenktµ-i- n-\p-v.

tImI-k-tµiw: D®p-\oen ktµ-i- n-\p-ti-j-amWv tImI-k-tµiw cNn-¡-s -«n-«p-Å-Xv. Cu IrXn-bnÂ hnc-lhpw ktµ-i-hp-sams¡ kz]v\¯nemWp kw`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. Xncp-\m-hm-bv¡-Sp- pÅ Xr{]-t§m-«p-\n¶v sImÃ-t¯¡v Hcp N{I-hm-I- ns\ ktµ-i-hp-ambn Ab-bv¡p-¶-XmWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw.tImI-k-tµ-i- nsâ IÀ¯m-hn-s\- än IrXy-amb hnh-c-§Ä H¶pw e`y-a-Ã. CXnsâ IÀ¯mhvXr{]-t§m-«p-tZ-hsâ D]m-k-I-\m-sW¶p am{Xw A\p-am-\n-¡mw.



(J)B[p-\n-I-L«w

tImIktµ-i- n-\p-tijw \½psS ktµ-i-Im-hy-imJ GXmv \nÝ-e-am-bn-cp-¶p. aWn-{]-hm-f-¯nÂ\n¶pw ae-bm-f- n-te-¡pÅ ]cn-hÀ¯\w Imhy-ta-J-e-bnÂ ssIh-¶-Xn\p tij-am-bn-cp¶p]n¶oSv Hcp ktµ-i-Imhyw Dm-Ip-¶-Xv. CXv ]s¯m³]Xmw \qäm-nsâ Aý-]m-Z- n-em-bn-cp-¶p. A¸m-S³ho-«nÂ cma-s\-gp- -Ñ³ F¶ Ihn-bmWv "`rwK-k-tµiw' F¶ IrXn-bn-eqsS ktµ-i-Im-hy-{]-hm-l- n\p hopw hgn-sbm-cp-¡n-b-Xv.

]pXnb ktµ-i-Im-hy-{]-hm-l- n\p cma-s\-gp- -Ñ³ Xpd-¶p-sIm-Sp¯ sNdnb Nmev, ktµ-i-Im-hy- -c- nsâ Ip¯n-sbm-gp-¡m-¡n-bXv tIc-f-hÀ½ hen-b-tIm-bn- -¼p-cmsâ "abqc-k-tµ-i-amWv'.Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Bbneyw Xncp-\mÄ alm-cm-Pm-hp-am-bp-mb A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k- nsâ ê-ambn tIc-f-hÀ½ GXm\pw hÀjw lcn- m-«p-sIm-«m-c- nÂ _Ô-\- nÂ InS-¶p. Cu A\p- -h-amWv Imhy- n\p t{]cW. "abq-c-k-tµiw' Fgp-Xn-bXv tIc-f-hÀ½-bpsS _Ô-\hpw hntam-N-\hpwIgnªv ]Xn-¶mep hÀj- n\p tij-am-Wv.

cmP-tIm-]- n\p hnt[-b-\mbn Ign-b-th, ASp- pÅ kp{_-Ò-Wy-t£-{X- nÂ sXmgm³t]m-b-t¸mÄ Ip-ap-«nb Hcp abn-ensâ ssIh-iw, Xncp-h-\- -]p-c- pÅ ]Xv\n¡v ktµ-i-a-b-bv¡p¶XmWvabq-c-k-tµ-i- nsâ CXn-hr- w. lcn- m-«p-\n¶p Xncp-h-\- -]p-c¯p ]Xv\o-Kr-l-amb cmP-sIm-«m-c-¯n-se- p-¶-Xp-h-sc-bpÅ amÀ¤hpw AXn-\n-S-bnÂ ImWm-hp¶ {]Ir-Xn-tim- bpw t£{X-§fpwIhn bYm-XYw hÀ®n- n-«p-v. ktµ-i-Im-hy-km-[m-c-W-amb amÀ¤-hÀ®\ apXÂ \mbn-Im-Kr-l-hÀ®-\, \mbn-Im-hÀ®\, ktµ-i-Im-hyw, ZqXm-iwk þ Hs¡ Cu IrXn-bnÂ tbmPn- n- n-«p-v.kmt¦-XnI ]qÀW-X-bpÅ Hcp ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa¶v abq-c-k-tµ-is¯ hnti-jn- n-¡mw.(hn-i-Z-]-T\wsamUypÄ þ 5 Â tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-¶p)

abq-c-k-tµ-i- nsâ {]Nm-chpw AXnsâ IÀ¯m-hn\v e`n¨ {]i-kvXnbpw AwKo-Im-chpw In«v,tIc-f- nÂ ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fpsS Hcp Ips¯m-gp-¡p-X-s¶-bp-m-bn. Cu A\m-imkyKXnsb \nb-{ń-¡m³ ioshmÅn \¼q-Xncn 1897-þÂ ZmXyp-l-k-tµiw Fs¶mcp IrXn cNn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. ktµ-i-l-cs\ sXc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xp-ap-XÂ Imhym-h-km\w hsc \À½-ckw Xpfp-¼n-\n-ev¡p¶ ZmXyp-l-k-tµiw ZpÊ-l-am-b- oÀ¶ ae-bm-f-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-§-fpsS DÑrw-J-e-amb ImSp-I-b-ä- n-\p-sIm-Sp¯in£-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v N¼-¡pfw A¸p-¡p-«³]nÅ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p.

]s¯m-¼Xmw \qäm-nsâ Aý- nepw Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-nsâ Bcw- -¯n-ep-ambn \nc-h[nktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä mj-bn-ep-m-bn. sImSp-§-ÃqÀ Ipªn-¡p-«³ X¼p-cmsâ "lwk-k-tµiw', aqeq-cnsâ "tImIne ktµiw', "ipI-k-tµiw' Iq«pI-hnXbmb "]n-Ik-tµiw', ]n.-Pn. cma-¿-cpsS "hn{]-k-tµiw', cma-hÀ½ hen-b-cm-P-bpsS "{à-c-k-tµiw', sIm«m-c- nÂ i¦p-®n-bpsS "It]m-X-k-tµiw',sI.-A-¿- sâ "dmWn-k-tµiw', sI. cmL-hsâ "Cµn-µn-c-k-tµiw' F¶n-h Ah-bnÂ Nne-Xm-Wv.

thdn« kz`m-h-§Ä

taL-k-tµ-i- nse apJy-ckw hnc-l-hn-{]-ew- -am-Wv. A\p-IÀ¯m-¡fpw B ck- n-\mWv ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fnÂ {]mapJyw sImSp- n-«p-Å-Xv. AXnÂ \n¶p amdn-bn-«p-Å-hÀ hfsc Ipd- p-t]À am{X-am-Wv. sIm«m-c- nÂ i¦p-®n-bpsS "It]m-X-k-tµiw', aqeq-cnsâ "tImIn-e-k-tµiw', sI. cmL-hsâ "Cµn-µn-c-k-tµiw' F¶n-h-bnÂ hmÕ-eyhpw ioshm-Ån-bpsS ZmXyq-l-k-tµ-i- nÂ _o`-Õhpw aqeq-cnsâ Xs¶ ipI-k-tµ-i- nÂ Icp-W-hp-amWv ckw. CXp-t]mse kv{Xo ]p-cp-j\vktµ-i-a-b-bv¡p¶ IrXn-Ifpw hf-sc-¡p-d-t -bp-Åq. ]n.-Pn. cma-¿-cpsS "hn{]-k-tµiw', HSp-hn-ensâ"ISm-£-k-tµiw', sI. cmL-hsâ "Cµn-µnc ktµiw' F¶n-h-bmWv Ah. aµm-{Im´ hr¯-¯nÂ\n¶p amdn-bn-«pÅ Nne ktµ-i-Im-hy-§fpw ImWp-¶p. cma-s\-gp- -Ñsâ `rwK-k-tµiw ({k-Kv[-c), aqeq-cnsâ tImIn-e-k-tµiw (imÀ±qe hn{Io-Un-Xw), s]«-c-gn-b- nsâ Hcp ktµiw (F«pkwkvIrX hr¯-§Ä) F¶n-h-bmWv aäp kwkvIrX hr¯-§-fn-ep-Å-h. aqeq-cnsâ ip`-k-tµiw(Ip-d- n- m-«v), sI. A¿- sâ dmWn ktµiw (aRvPcn) F¶nh `mjm hr¯-§-fn-em-Wv.

ktµ-i-Imhy {]Øm\w khn-ti-j-X-IÄ



Hmtcm Iem-cq-]- n\pw AXn-tâ-Xmb hyàn-Xz-ap-v. ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä¡p X½nÂ CXn-hr- -¯nÂ sshhn[yw Ipd-hm-sW-¦nepw cq]-]-c-ambn ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä¡p hyXn-cn-à-amb LS-\-bp-v.

ktµ-i-Imhyw Hcp GImw-Km- n-\bamWv. AXnÂ apJy-ambpw aq¶p IYm-]m-{X-§tf DÅq. hnc-ln-bmb Imap-I³, Abm-fnÂ \n¶p hnclw hn¨ Imap-In, ktµ-i-hm-l-I³. CXnÂ ImapIn IrXn-bpsS IÀ½-cw-K- n-Ã. Ah-sf- än Imap-I³ ]d-bp-¶Xp am{Xta DÅq. ktµ-ilc³ tI«p-\n-ev¡p-¶-X-ÃmsX {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶n-Ã þ A§s\ ktµ-i-Imhyw Hcp GImw-Km- n-\-b-am-Ip-¶p þ \mb-Isâam{Xw DXvI-WvT-IÄ.

ktµ-i-Imhyw Hcp GImw-K- m-jWw IqSn-bm-Wv. Imhy- nsâ BZn-bnÂ hnj-bm-h-X-c-W- n-\mbn Ihn-tNÀ¡p¶ cp-aq¶p {]kvXm-h-\mtÇmI§-sfm-gn-hm-¡n-bmÂ, _m¡n-sbms¡ Imap-Isâ `mj-W-am-Wv. hnc-l-t¯- -än-bpÅ {]kvXmhw apXÂ ktµ-i-l-c-\pÅ Biw-k-hsc FÃmwAbmÄXs¶ ]d-bp-¶p. ktµ-i-Im-hy- nse apJy-{]-ta-b- n\v, AXm-bXv Imap-Isâ hnc-l- n\pwAXnsâ e-amb ZpxJ- n\pw Imhymhkm-\- nepw ]cn-lm-c-ap-m-Ip-¶n-Ã. {Ko¡p \mS-I-§-sf- -än- ]-d-bp¶ "sFIy-{Xbw-' Gähpw k -e-ambn Zo£n-¡p¶ kmlnXy cq]-amWv ktµ-i-Im-hyw :IÀ½-cw-K¯v Hscmä IYm-]m{Xw þ \mb-I³, Imhy IÀ½- nÂ Hscmä Imcyw am{Xw þ Imap-Isâhnc-lm-Xp-c-X, Imhy- nÂ Hscmä cwKw am{Xw þ hnc-ln-sb- n-s -Sp¶ Øew. cq]-]-c-ambn C{X-b-[nIw "GIm-{KX'bpÅ asämcp kmln-Xy-cq]w Dtm-sb-¶p-Xs¶ kwi-b-am-Wv. AYhm kmt¦-Xn-I-amb hyXn-c-àX ktµi Imhy- n\p thp-thm-f-ap-v. CXn-hr- -]-c-ambn sshkm-Zr-iy-an-ÃmsXt]mbXv Hcp]-t£, B {]Øm-\- nsâ AXy-[n-I-amb GIm-{K-X-sIm-p-mb ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Imw. cq]-]-c-I-amb GIm-{K-X-bpsS \nd-hnÂ `mh-]-c-ambpw Ah GIm-{K-am-bn-t¸msb¶p Icp-tX-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶psh¶v {]^. tKm]n-¡p-«³ hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

e£vao-Zm-ksâ ipIktµ-i-Im-hy- n\p hc-hÀ®n-\n-sb¶ hymJym\w cNn¨ [À½-Kp-]vX³,ktµ-i-Im-hy- nÂ Ihn ]{´p hnj-b-§-fnÂ a\-Ên-cp-t¯--Xm-sW¶p ]d-bp¶Xmbn DÅqÀtIc-f-km-lnXy Ncn-{X- nÂ tcJ-s¸-Sp- n-¡m-Wp-¶p. [À½-Kp-]vX³ ]d-bp¶ ]{´p hnj-b-§Ä Ch-bm-Wv.

1. BZn-hmIyw þ hnc-lm-h-Ø-sb- -än-bpÅ {]kvXm-h-\.

2. ZuXy-tbm-P\w þ ktµ-i-hm-l-Is\ Is¯n k½-Xn- n-¡p-¶p.

3. {]Py-MvK-hÀW\w þ hgn-bp-sS Hmtcm `mKhpw hÀWn-¡p-I.

4. {]m]y-tZ-i-hÀW\w þ F¯n-t -tc Øe- nsâ hÀW\w

5. aµn-cm- n-Úm\w þ \mbn-Im-Kr-l-s¯- -än-bpÅ hnh-c-§Ä

6. {]nbm-k-¶n-thi hnaÀi\w þ \mbn-I-bpsS C¶s¯ Ah-Ø-sb -än-bpÅ k¦-ev]-§Ä,Ah-fpsS kuµ-cyw.

7. A\y-cq-]Xm]- n-kw- m-h\ þ \mbn-Ibv¡p h¶p-tN-À¶ ZpxJw.

8. AhØm hnI-ev]-§Ä þ ZqX³ \mbn-Isb ImWp-t¼mÄ AhÄ F´p-sN-¿p-I-bmhpw F¶vk¦-ev]n¨p ]d-bÂ.

9. hN-\m-cw`w þ \mbn-I-sb-Iv ktµiw ]d-bm³ DNn-X-amb kµÀ`w GsX-¶-dn-bn-¡p-¶Xv.

10. ktµ-i-h-N\w þ \mbI ktµiw

11. A`n-Úm\-Zm\w þ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-·mÀ¡p am{Xw Adn-bm-hp¶ AS-bm-f-hmIyw \ÂIÂ.

12. {]tab ]cn-\n-jvTm-h\w þ ktµ-i-hm-l-I\p awKfw Biw-kn¨p-sIm-pÅ Imhym-h-km\w.

F¶mÂ Ch-bnÂ ]e LS-I-§-fp-sSbpw A`m-hhpw Gä-¡p-d- n-ep-I-fp-sams¡ \½psS ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fpsS kq£va-hn-Nn- -\- nÂ ImWm³ km[n-¡pw.

ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä C¶p \½psS kmln-Xy-a-WvU-e- nÂ\n¶pw GXmp ]qÀ®-ambpw A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. \msf-I-fnÂ hopw DuÀÖz-kz-e-X-tbmsS ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ Hcp Imhy-ambn CXp hfÀ¶p-h-cm-\pÅ km[y-X-Ifpw Ipd-hm-Wv. taL-k-tµ-i- nsâ cq]w A\p-I-cn- mWvC¯cw Imhy-§-fp-m-b-sX-¦nepw Ah-bvs¡m-¶n\pw Imfn-Zmk {]Xn- -tbmSv ASp-s - m³t]mepwIgn-ªn-Ã. Imem- -c- nÂ ktµ-i-Imhy {]kvXm-h- n\p \jvS-amb A´À`mhKuc-hw, hyàn-K-X-amb Imhym-\p- h-§Ä F¶nh aäp Imhy-cq-]-§-fn-eqsS ae-bm-f- nÂ Bhn-jvI-cn-¡-s¸«p XpS-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. hyàn-K-X-amb A\p-h-§-fpsS Ihn-X-bmb sdmamânIv IhnX Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-nÂ ChnsS{]Nmcw t\Sn-b-tXmsS ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä¡p {]kàn \jvSam-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

C¶s¯ kml-N-cy- nÂ Cu ImhyamXr-I-bpsS DbnÀs -gp-t¶-ev]n-s\- än Nn´n-¡p-¶Xv henb



A_-²-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Ime- n\p tbmPn-¡m¯ Hcp kmlnXy amXr-Ibm-bn, Ah-K-W-\-tb-äp-hm-§p-hm³ Cu {]kvYm-\s¯ hn«p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xn\p Xpey-amhpw AXv. ktµ-i-Imhy {]Øm\w AXpkPo-h-am-bn-cp¶ Hcp-Im-e¯p e-{]-Z-ambn A\p-hm-N-I-tcmSv kwh-Zn-¡p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. D®p-\oenktµ-ihpw abqcktµ-ihpw XoÀ -bmbpw ae-bm-f-Im-hy-im-Jbv¡v ktµ-i-Imhy{]Øm-\- neqsS h¶p-tNÀ¶ ]pWy-am-Wv.

D®p\oenktµiwBcy-·m-cpsS kwL-Sn-X-amb A[n-\n-th-i- n-\p-tijw ChnsS {]hr²ambn¯oÀ¶ aWn-{]-hm-f-

kw-kvImc- nÂ ]nd-¶p-hoW ]Iz -e-amWv D®p-\o-e-nk-tµ-iw. sshjvW-h-a-X- nsâ _lp-ap-J-amb hfÀ¨ Ipe-ti-Jc c-W-Im-e¯nsâ Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-¶p. tIc-f- nÂ t£{X-\nÀ½mWwHcp Ie-bmbn cq]w sImXv Cu Ime-L-«- n-em-Wv. tZhZm-ko-k-{¼-Zm-b- n\v Bcw`w Ipdn- XpwCtX-Xp-SÀ¶m-bncp¶p.

ae-bm-f- nsâ kz -sa¶v hnti-j- n-¡m-hp¶ ]m«p-IÄ {Zan-k-kw-Lm-Xm-£-c-\n-_-²-am-sW-¦nÂ,kwkvIrXhp-am-bp-ff _mÔhw sImv ae-bm-f- n\p ssIh¶ t\«-amWv aWn-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-IÄ.Fgp- Ñ\p ap¼p-ff Ime-L-«s¯ aWn-{]-hm-f-Im-e-L-«-am-bn-Xs¶ hnti-jn- n-¡mw. B«-{]-Imcw,eoem-Xn-eIw, D®n-bmSn Ncn-Xw, D®n-b- o-N-cn-Xw, D®n- n-cp-tXhn Ncn-Xw. cmam-bWw N¼p, sshin-I-X-{´w, IutWm- -c, Nt{µm-Õ-hw, D®p-\oen ktµiw F¶o IrXn-I-sf-Ãmw, aWn-{]-hm-f-Im-e-L-«-¯nsâ kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv. C{]-Imcw cq]w sIm aWn-{]-hm-f-Ime kmln-Xy- n\pw kwkvIm-c-¯n\pw kÀÆYm {]Xn-\n-[o- -hn-¡p¶ cq]- m-h-kp-µ-c-amb Hcp Imhy-amWv D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-iw. sshin-I-X{´w apXÂ Nt{µm-Õ-hw-hsc \op-In-S-¡p¶ aWn-{]-hm-f-amÀ¤- nse Gähpw {]Im-i-h- mbZo]kvXw- -hp-am-W-Xv.

" ssIc-fo-tZ-hn-bpsS A\ÀL-§-fmb IWvTm- -c-W-§-fpsS a²y- nÂ D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-i- n\vAXy´ al-\o-b-am-sbmcp Øm\-am-Wp-f-f-Xv. tIc-f- nse kwkvIrX ktµ-i-§fnÂ "ipI' n\p-ff Øm\-tatXm AXp-X-s¶-bmWv aWn-{]-hmf ktµ-i- nÂ " D®p-\o-en-¡p-ÅXv F¶v DÅqÀtcJ-s -Sp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

GsX-¦nepw A\n-hmcy kml-N-cy- nsâ k½À±w-aqew \mbnI-bnÂ \n¶v AI¶p Ign-tb-n-h-cp¶ \mb-I³, hnc-l-Xm-]- n-s\m-cp-]-im- n-sb¶ \nebv¡v hnZq-c-hÀ¯n-bmb Xsâ {]nb-X-abv¡vHcp ktµiw sImSp- -b-bv¡p-¶p. AXmWv s]mXpsh ]d-ªmÂ, ktµ-i-Im-hy-§-fpsS {]tabw.\mb-I³, \mbnI ktµ-i-l-c³, ktµihmIyw F¶o \mep LS-I-§Ä CXnÂ {][m\ ]¦p-h-ln-¡p-¶p. Ihn Bcm-sW¶v Adn-b-W-sa-¶n-Ã. ]t£, Imhy- nsâ {]Xn-]m-Z\ ssienbpw cN-\m-k-t¦-X-§fpw aäpw IhnlrZbw {Kln-¡p-hm³ Hs«ms¡ klm-b-I-am-Im-dp-v. taL-Zq-Xw. ipI-k-tµ-iw, abq-c-k-tµ-iw XpS-§nb ktµiImhy-§-fp-sS-sbÃmw Ihn-I-sf- än hyà-ambn Adn-bm³ Ign-bp-¶pv. Imfn-Zm-k\pw e£v-ao-Zm-k\pw sXm«v tIc-f-hÀ½ hen-b-tIm-bn- ¼p-cm³ hsc-bp-ffan¡ -I-hn-Ifpw kphn-Zn-X-cm-Wv. F¶mÂ aWn{]hmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-amb D®p-\o-en-k-tµi¯nsâIhn Bcm-sW-¶-Xn-t\-¡p-dn¨v C\nbpw hyà-amb sXfnhv e`n- n-«n-Ã. kmln-Xobhpw kmaq-ln-IhpwNcn-{X-]-c-hpambn D®p-\o-en-k-tµiw {]m[m-\y-aÀln-¡p-¶p.cN\m Imew

Cu ktµ-i-Im-hy- nsâ cN-\m-Im-e-s - än ]Þn-X-amÀ¡v hn`n-¶-a-X-§-fm-Wp-f-fXv IrXn-bnsetPymXn-j-]-cm-aÀi-§Ä, Ien-Zn\ kqN-\-IÄ, ipI ktµ-i- nse D²r-X-]-Zy-§Ä, Ncn-{X-hkvXpXIÄF¶nh B`y- c sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv.

"BØm-temtI hn]p-e-a-\km' " Ipe-]pcow Iq]-Im[oizcmWmw' " ]p\À±Ài-\m-\-µ-e-£vao' XpS-§nb ipI-k-tµ-i-{]-tbm-K-§Ä Ime-K-W-\bv¡p klm-b-am-bn- -cn-K-Wn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. ipI-k-tµ-i- nsâ Imew sIm:h: 500þ\pw 524-þ\pw at²y-bm-sW¶p hyà-am-Ip-¶p-v. AXn-\mÂ ipI ktµ-i- nsâ \nÀan-Xn¡p tij-amWv Imhy- nsâ Ime-sa¶v Duln-¡mw.

" A©mw ]¡w hcan-Xp-Xp-temw, hmc-hpw........ ' (tÇm 35) F¶m-cw- n-¡p¶ ]Zyhpw D¯-c- m-K-¯nse 70-þmw tÇmIhpw tPymXnj kqN\ \ÂIp-¶-Xm-Wv. F¶mÂ Cu ]Zy-§sf ASn-Øm-\-am¡n alm-Ihn Df-fqÀ, Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nf-f, BäqÀ IrjvW- -Sn-jm-c-Sn, kmlnXy ]©m-\-\³F¶n-hÀ GIm- n-{]m-b-¡m-cÃ! ]Xn-aq¶mw iX-I- nsâ D¯-cmÀ²w apXÂ ktµ-i-Imhy {]Øm\w`mj-bn-em-hnÀ -hn- p-sh¶v an¡ Ncn-{X-K-th-j-Icpw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p. "D®n- n-cp-tXho \nt·-semcpktµ-i- m-s«m-Xp tIÄs¡ân°w' F¶n-§s\ 13-þmw iX-I- n-ep-mbn F¶p Icp-X-s -Sp¶ "D®p- n-cp-tXho' bnse Hcp ]cm-aÀiw CXn-\p-t]m-Zv_-e-I-ambn Cfw-Ipfw Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p-ap-v.e£-vao-Zm-ksâ ipI-k-tµiw 14-þmw iX-I- n-sâ D¯-cmÀ²- n-emWv hncNn-X-am-b-Xv. ]n¶o-SmWvD®p-\o-enbpw tImI-k-tµ-i-hpw.



IrXn-bnÂ \n¶p e`y-am-Ip¶ Ncn-{X-h-kvXp-X-IÄ Ime-K-W-\bv¡v Ah-ew-_n-¡m-hp¶ asämcp sXfn-hm-Wv. ktµ-i-l-c-\mb kÀÆmw-K-\m-Y³ BZnXy-hÀ½, thWm-«p-cm-Pmhpw ktµ-i-l-csâ tPyjvT\p-amb Cc-hn-hÀ½, HmS-\m-«p-cm-P-hmb Cc-hn-hÀ½, sNdp-I-c, Ipdp-§m-«v, ap¯qäv apX-emb tZhZm-ko-{K-l-§-fpsS ]mc-¼-cy-k-hn-tj-X-IÄ, Xpep-¡³]S am¼-f-fn- m-c¯nÂ, Nnd-hm-a-¶-\mb cmP-ti-J-c³, Cf-a-®n-¡-c-t -cn, sX¡pw-IqÀ cm-Pm-hmb cmP-hÀ½ F¶o ]cm-aÀi-§-fpsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {][m\ywIW-¡n-se-Sp-t¡--Xpv. Cu Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-·m-scbpw CX-c-N-cn-{X-h-kvXp-XI-sfbpw Kth-j-W-_p-²ym- ]-cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶Xv IrXn-bpsS Ime-\nÀ®-b- n\v Gsd klm-b-I-am-Wv.

{]kvXm-h-\m-tÇm-I- nÂ ImWp¶ AwK-cmKw' ]qÀÆ-k-tµ-im-cw- -]-Zy- nse "XmÀamXp' F¶o{]tbm-K-§Ä Ien-Zn\ kqN-\-bm-sW¶pw AX-\p-k-cn¨v cN-\m-Imew sIm: h: 516 þ \v ASp-¸n¨msW¶pw NneÀ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p.

D¯c ktµiw 70-þmw tÇmI- nÂ "Biz-k´o' F¶p {]tbm-Kn- n-«p-f-fXv "Biz-kXn' F¶mWvth-sX¶p "eoem-Xn-eI' Imc³ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶-Xn-\mÂ, D®p-\oen ktµiw "eoem-Xn-e-I-'¯nsâap¼m-sW¶pw A\p-am-\n-¡-Ww. eoem-Xn-e-I- nsâ Imew 14-þmw \qäm-m-Wv. ]e ]Þn-X-a-X-§fpwA]-{K-Yn¨v \nÀ²m-cWw sNbvXn«v ktµ-i-Imew F.-Un. 1350-þ\pw 1365-þ\pw CS-bv¡m-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶vCfw-Ipfw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p. Npcp-I- nÂ "ipI-k-tµi' ¯n\p tijhpw eoem-Xn-e-I- nsâ cN-\bv¡p ap¼p-am-bn-cn-¡Ww D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-i- nsâ Ime-sa¶v XoÀ¯p-]-d-bmw.

Ihnbpw \mb-I\pw

D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-i- nsâ Ihn-sb-¡p-dnt¨m \mb-I-s\- -äntbm hyà-amb hnh-c--sam-¶p-w ImWp¶nÃ.ktµ-i-l-csâbpw \mbn-I-bp-sSbpw t]cp-IÄ bYm-{Iaw BZn-Xy-hÀ½-sb¶pw D®p\o-en-sb¶pwtcJ-s -Sp- p-t¼mÄ, \mb-Isâ \maw shfn-s -Sp- p-¶n-Ã .km[m-cW ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä¡v ktµ-i-l-c-\p-ambn _Ôn- n- mWv {KÙ-\maw \ÂIm-dp-f-f-Xv. ChnsS \mbn-Im-{]-[m-\-amWv {KÙ-kw-Ú.Kuc-h-_p-²n-tbmsS cNn¨ Hcp IrXn-bÃ CsX¶p t]mepw NneÀ kwibn-¡p-¶p. AXp-sIm-mWvD®p-\o-en-k-tµ-is¯ Hcp lmky-I-h-\-ambn ckn-I-c-Rn-Pn\n ]{Xm-[n-]cpw BÀ. \mcm-b-W- -Wn-¡cpw aäpw Nn{Xo-I-cn- -Xv. "ap-bv¡Â ktµiw Hcp apgp- -Nn-cn-sb¶p hnti-jn- n¨ Ip«n-Ir-jvW-amcmÀ¡p ktµ-i- nse {]uV-amb "\À½-t_m-[-aÀ½w' {Kln-¡m³ hnj-aap-m-bn-Ã. aWn-{]-hmfN¼p-¡sf amXr-I-bm-¡p¶ Ihn, taL-k-tµ-is¯ XoÀ¯pw A\p-I-cn-¡p-hm³ X¿m-dm-Ip-¶n-Ã.ipI-k-tµiw Ihn¡v Ah-ew-_-am-bn-«p-m-h-Ww. ]t£, ipI-k-tµ-is¯ A]-l-kn-¡p-hm³ thnD®p-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Im-c³ Hcp lmkyI-h-\-krjvSn \S- n-sb¶p ]d-bp¶Xv bpàn-k-l-a-Ã.

ap-bv¡Â¯-d-hm-«nse D®p-\o-en-bmWv \mbn-I. F¶mÂ \mb-I\msc-¶-Xn-s\- -änbpw Ihnbpw\mb-I\pw HcmÄ Xs¶tbm F¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨pw [mcfw NÀ -IÄ \S-¶p-I-gn-ªn-cn¡p¶p. Hcp`mh-Im-hy-amb ktµ-i-Im-hy- nse \mb-I³ Ihn-k-¦ev]w am{X-am-Imw. Ihn-bpsS Bßmw-i- n\phne-sIm-Sp-¡msX hn[p-c- m-h-§-fp-WÀ¯p¶ Hcp ktµ-i-Im-hy- n\p P·w\ÂIm³ km²y-a-Ã-tÃm, AXn-\mÂ \mbI k¦ev]¯neqsS \mw F¯n-t -cp-¶Xv Ihn-bnÂ¯s¶-bm-Wv.

Ihn Bcm-sW-¶-Xn-s\- än ]Þn-X-·mÀ ]dªp h¨n-«p-ff A`n-{]m-b-§Ä ChnsS ]cn-tim-[-\mÀl-am-Wv. alm-Ihn Df-fq-cnsâ A`n-a-X-§Ä C{]-Imcw kw{K-ln- p-]-d-bmw. \mb-I\pw IhnbpwHcm-f-sÃ¶pw \mb-I³ D®p-\o-en-bpsS BZys¯ `À¯-mhmb aWn-I-WvT-s\¶ cmPm-hp-X-s¶-bm-sW¶pw At±-l- nsâ ac-Wm-\- cw Hcp Nm¡n-bmÀ B kv{Xosb ]cn-{K-ln- p-sh¶pw Xsâ{]nb-Xa \nÀ_-Ôn-¡-bmÂ, At±lw {]kvXpX ktµiw cNn- p-sh¶pamWv NneÀ k¦-ev]n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu k¦-ev]- n\v Hcp D]-]- n-bp-an-Ã. "HcpIcw sImp Xm³ s]m¯-bnXzm' "amS-¼o-\m-a-hnsShkXmw' C§s\ Nne kwkvIr-Xo-Ir-X-§-fmb `mjm-]-Z-§Ä D®p-\oenktµ-i- nÂ ImWp-¶p-s¶pw Ah en-X-{]n-b-·m-cmb Nm¡n-bm-c-·m-cnÂ Hcmsf {]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-I-bp-f-fp-sh¶pw AhÀhmZn-¡p-¶p. eoem-Xn-e-I- nse "kµÀt` kwkvIrXo IrXm N' F¶ kq{Xw sImp ^en-Xs¯Dt±-in- -Ãm-sXbpw mjm]Z-§sf kwkvIr-Xo-I-cn-¡m-sa¶p kn²n-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]pdta Nm¡n-bm-·mÀam{X-aÃ A¯--c- n-ep-ff ivtfmI-§Ä cNn- n-cp-¶Xv F¶pw hyà-am-Ip-¶p. sImÃ¯p chn-hÀ½-bpsS kZ-ÊnÂ Dm-bn-cp¶ Hcp \¼q-Xn-cnbpw D®p-\o-en-bpsS tXmgn-bmb sNdn-b-Xnsâ `À¯m-hp-am-bn-cp¶p Ihn-F¶v asämcp aX-hp-ap-v. sNdn-bXnsâ \nÀ_-Ôw-aqew D®p-\o-en-bnÂ \n¶vk½m\w hm§p-hm-\p-ff B{Klw tlXp-hm-bmWv Imhy-c-N-\-bvs¡m-cp-s¼-«-sX¶pw Hcp {]kvXm-hapv. C{Xbpw ]d-ªn«v ktµ-i¯nse \mb-I\pw Ihnbpw Bb kck³ hS-¡pw-Iq-dnse Hcp



Cf-ap-d¯ ¼pcm-\m-sW¶v alm-Ihn A\p-am-\n-¡p-¶p(tI-c-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-{Xw,-hm-eyw-þ1). \mb-I\pw\mbn-Ibv¡pw am{X-a-dn-bm-hp¶ Ah-cpsS Nne Zm¼Xy Pohn-X-c-lky§Ä D¯-c-k-tµ-i- nse94,95,96 F¶n ivtfmI-§-fnÂ AS-bm-f-§-fm¡n ImWn- n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶pw, Ah Ah-cnÂ\n¶v "A\y-\mb HcmÄ¡v Adn-bm³ Ign-bn-ÃtÃm F¶pw Df-fqÀ XpSÀ¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv XoÀ¯pw Ai-à-ambHcp hmZ-amWv. "bÕXyw XÂ`-hXp ]qWÀXw \mÄ ]nd-s¶-§Ä Im´³ "F¶ ]Zy- n\v \mb-Isâ P·-\-£{Xw ]pWÀX-am-sW¶pw AXn-\mÂ \mb-I\pw Ihnbpw Hcm-fm-sW¶pw alm-Ihn{]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶-Xpw kzoIm-cy-a-mb \nco-£-W-aÃ.

Ihn, \mbn-I--bpsS Hcp Imap-I-\m-bn-cp-¶n-tÃ-sb-¶mWv Cfw-Ipfw A`yq-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. "Ihnbpw \mb-I\pw Hcm-fm-sW-¦nÂ. "ZbnX' bpsS ASp- n-cp¶p Ihn sNmÃn-t¡Ä¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ amc-Pzcw ]nSn-s]m-Sm³ Imc-W-an-Ã-tÃm. "aWn-IWvTsâ ]pWmc-s¯ B{inX hÀ¤- nÂs¸« Ihn Iman-¡ptamF¶p kwibapm-Ip-¶p-sh-¦nepw."tZhsâ If{X' §fmb tZh-hm-kn-IÄ FÃm-hÀ¡pw Zb-nXIfpw{]mW-\m-Y-I-fp-am-I-bmÂ "ZbntX' F¶ kwt_m-[-\-sImp am{Xw `À¯m-hm-sW¶v A\p-am-\n-¡pI ]q®-ambpw icn-b-sÃ¶v Cfw-Ipfw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶Xp kwK-X-am-Wv. Ihn-sb-¡p-dn¨p e`n-¡p¶ B`y- c hnh-c-§Ä C{]-Imcw kw{K-ln- p-]-d-bmw.

1. amc-Pzc ]c-his\-¦nepw Kw`o-c- mhw IeÀ¶ Ihn.

2. {]Xn- bpw A`ym-khpw XnIª hyàn

3. Ncn-{X-kw-- -h-§Ä, `qan-imkv{Xw, hnhn[ `mj-IÄ, Ie-IÄ F¶nhbnÂ Ah-Kmlw t\Snb Ihn.

4. kwKo-Xm-Zn-I-e-IÄ t]mse Xs¶ tPymXn-jhpw A\m-bmkw ssIIm-cyw sN¿m-\p-ff ss\]p-Wyw.5. cmP-Ip-Spw-_-§-fp-am-bp-m-bn-cp¶ kpZr-V-_Ôw

6. tZh-Zm-kn-I-tfm-Sp-ff aaX

7. thWm-Sv, HmS-\m-Sv, sX¡p-wIqÀ, hS-¡pw-IqÀ, F¶o cmPy-hm-kn-I-sf- än aXn-bmb Ah-t_m-[w.

8. \Zn-IÄ, \S-¡m-hp-IÄ, Xpd-apJw, A§m-Sn-IÄ F¶nh hÀ®n-¡m-\p-ff ]mS-hw.

9. t£{X-§fpw sIm«m-c-§fpw kw_-Ôn¨ hnh-c-§-sfÃmw Adn-bp¶ hyàn.

10. tIc-f- nse an¡ \K-c-§fpw cmP-]m-X-Ifpw kphn-Zn-X-\mb Ihn.

kmln-Xym-Zn-I-e-Isf HuZm-cy-]qÀÆw t{]mÕm-ln- n¨ thWm-«nse cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶ Cc-hn-hÀ½sâBØm-\-k-Z-Ênse Ihn-I-fnÂ Hcm-fn-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡Ww D®p-\oen ktµ-i- nsâ IÀ¯m-hv F¶pthW-sa-¦nÂ Duln-¡mw.

`mh-\m-k-¼-¶-\mb Hcp Ihn F¶p am{Xw ktµ-i-Im-cs\ hnti-jn- n- mÂ t]mcm. thWm-«nseCfb cmPm-hmb BZn-Xr-hÀ½sb ZqX-hm-l-I-\m-¡p-hm³ X¡ [oc-km-l-kn-IX {]ZÀin- n¨ CuIhn Hc-\p-Kr-loX Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I³ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-¶p; H¸w sIm«m-c-hp-ambn ASp- -_Ôw ]peÀ¯n-bn-cp¶ Hcp am\y-hy-àn-bpw.

kmln-Xy-KpWw*

Hcp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-sb¶ \nebv¡v D®p-\o-en-k-tµi¯nsâ Øm\w AZz-nXo-b-am-Wv. i_vZmÀY-§-fnÂ CXnÂ IqSp-XÂ \njvIÀjbpw emh-Wyhpw Zo£n- n-«p-ff Ihn-IÄ Npcp-¡-a-mWv. _mly-{]-Ir-Xn-bpw A -ÊzXzhpw At±-l¯nsâ `mh-\-bnÂ Hcp t]mse kmckyw ssIs¡mp Imhy-Im-an-\n-bpsS _mlym´xkzcq]-§sf at\m-l-c-am-¡n-s -¿p-¶p. tIc-f- nse {]Ir-Xn-hn-em-k-§fpwChn-Ss¯ Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn-ep-ff kzmX-{´yhpw ckn-I-Xbpw At±-l- nsâ Imhy-ZÀ -W- nÂ NaÂ¡m-c-]qÀW-ambn {]Xn- -en¨p ]cn-tim- n-¡p-¶p. Ihn¡p kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-hp-am-bp-ff KmV-amb]cn-N-b-amWv Cu Imhy- nÂ anI¨p \nev¡p¶ kz`m-hw.F¶mepw tIc-fs¯ {]tXyIw kvt\ln¨Hcp alm³ ssIc-fnsb AI-a-gnªv A\p-{K-ln¨ Hcp Ihn-aqÀ[-\y³ þ F¶n-§s\bpff {]Xo-Xn-I-fmWv Cu Imhyw hmbn¨p Xocp-t¼mÄ Ihn-sb- än a\-ÊnÂ DZn-¡p-¶-Xv. tIc-f- nse {]Ir-Xn- w-Kn-IÄ At±-l- nsâ lrZ-b- nÂ Aar-X-hÀjw sNbvXn-cp-¶p. B hrjvSn-]m-X- mÂ Duän-f-InbsNdnb Acp-hn-IÄt]mse BWv At±-l- nsâ ]Zy-§Ä {]h-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. tIc-f- nÂ km[m-c-W-Im-Wp¶ ]q¡-fpsS kuc- yhpw ]£n-I-fpsS Km\-§fpw Ihn-X-bnÂ A§n§v Ae-ªp-]-c-¡p-¶p-v. apÃ- q-hnsâ kuc`yw Hcn-S¯v (4), ]p¶- q-hnsâ ]cn-afw thsdm-cn-S¯v (52), ]qss¡X asäm-cn-S- v(91) ]qt¦m-gn-I-fpsS Iqh-ep-Ifpw (6) D¸sâ awK-e-i-_vZ-§fpw Ipbn-ensâ ]m«p-I-fpw(50) Imhy-



¯nÂ {]Xn[z-\n-¡p-¶p. Ing¡v DZ-b-kp-cy-\m-Ip¶ aWn-\aIpSw [cn- p-sImp \nev¡p¶ \oe-¡p¶pw (7), ]Sn-ªmdv Aw_p-cm-in-bpsS DZm-c-amb Xochpw (56) C§s\ tIc-f- nsâ AXn-cp-I-fmb aebpw ISepw At±-l- nsâ `mh-\m-N-{I-hm-f- nÂ sXfnªp hnf-§p-¶p. ]c- r-X-Ipew\ndª tX·m-hp-Ifpw (9), Xn§n-h-f-cp¶ sX§p-Ifpw (92) B Ihoizcs\ iàn-tbmsS BIÀjn-¨n-cp-¶p. Npcp-¡-XnÂ At±-l-¯nsâ Imhyw Hcp ssIc-fo-]q-P-sb-¶-Xp-t]mse Hcp tIc-f-]q-P-bmbpw k¦-ev]n- n-«p-f-f-Xm-Wv.Chn-Ss¯ {][m\ Øe-§fpw {Kma-{]-tZ-i-§fpw Imb-ep-Ifpw Bdp-Ifpw t£{X-§fpw cmP-{K-l-§fpw FSp-s¯-Sp- p-]-dªp hÀWn-¡m³ Ihn- XmÂ¸cyw ImWn-¡p-¶p.Ihn-bpsS AÀY-N-aÂ¡m-c- n\pw i_vZ-am-[p-cy- n\pw Imhyw apgp-h³ DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv."tImÂt¯-t\m-te-W-tamtcm ]Z-\n-c-IÄ \dpw ]menÂ \osc-¶-t]mse tNÀ¯o-tS-Ww.' F¶v hf-sc-¡m-e- n-\p-tijw alm-IhnapÀ[-\y-\mb \¼ymÀ Fgp-Xn-bXv D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-iIm-csâ IhnXsbkw_-Ôn- n-S-t¯mfw {]Xy-£cw icn-bm-Wv. Nnt{Xm-tÃ-J\w sN¿m\pw at\m- m-h-§sf _mly-{]-Ir-Xn-tbmSv Xmc-X-ay-s -Sp¯n {]ZÀin- n-¡m\pw Ihn {]Kev`yw ImWn-¡p-¶p.

*(D-®p-\o-en-k-tµ-i- n\v iqc-\m«p Ipª³]nÅ X¿m-dm-¡nb hymJym-\-{KÙ¯nsâ Ah-Xm-cn-I-bnÂ \n¶v)

hni-Z-]-T\w:

D®p-\o-en-k-tµiw (]qÀÆ- m-Kw)

1. XmÀ amXm--g-Ips]mgnbpw

an¡ ap-¡Â tahpw

hmÀ tIme¡pg-en-IÄ

inJm-ap-®p-\o-eo-ap-Zmcmw

sImm-Sn- q-cpW aWnhm

sImp-sIm-m-¯-cmKw

]t-t¸mse ]c-a-\p- hw

tIm]n-Im-ao-P-Kma

D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-i- nÂ H¶n¨p Ign-ª- \mbnIm \mb-I-·mÀ X½nÂ thÀ]n-cn-bm\pw hnc-lZpxJ]oUn-X-\mb \mb-I³ \mbn-Isb ktµ-i-a-b¨v km´z\n- n-¡m\pw CS-bmb klm-Ncyw hnh-cn¨pXpS-§-p¶p.

e£v-ao-tZ-hn-bpsS \nXy-km-¶n²yw Dm-Ip-I-aqew AgIpw, sFiz-cyhpw XnIª anI-hp-ä (IoÀ¯n-tI-«) ap-bv¡Â ho«nÂ ]mÀ¯n-cp-¶-hfpw kpµ-cn-amÀ¡p- in-tcm-e-¦m-chpw Bb DZm-c-io-e-bmbD®p-\o-ensb {]iw-kn¨p ]d-ªp-sImpw AcpWm`amb Ah-fpsS Npp-I-fnÂ apIÀ¶p sImv]Xn-hp-t]mse Hcp Imap-I³ B\µ{]IÀjw A\p- -hn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

Bv þ IpSn-sImv , an¡ þ anI¨ , hmÀ þ hn³ \nc , tIme-¡p-g-en-IÄþ at\m-l-c-ambapSn-bp-f-f-hÀ, sImp sImv þ \pIÀ¶v \pIÀ¶v . B¯-cmKw þ A\p-cm-K-t¯msS, ]c-a-\p- hwþ]-c-am-\-µw, PKmaþ {]m]n- p, I:A]nþ Hcp.

"knÔp-Zzo]w' F¶p kwkvXrXoI-cn- -t]-tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb "ISÂ¯pcp- nse (I-Sp- p-cp- n-bn-se){]ikv-X-amb tZh-Zm-ko-Kr-l-ambncp¶p ap-¡Â. Ahn-Sps¯ AXnkpµ-cn-bmb tZh-Zm-kn-bm-bn-cp¶p D®p-\o-en. Ah-fpsS Imap-It\m (Hcp ]t£ Im -t\m) Bb \¼q-Xncn {_mÒW\m-bn-cn-¡Ww Imhy-c-N-bn-Xm-hv. Xm³ "" ap-bv¡Â¯Ip-ap-®p-\oen hnjtb ktµi IÀ®marXw'' cNn-¡p-¶-Xv Ah-fpsS CÃ- n\p IoÀ¯n-bp-m-Ip-hm\pw Xt¶mSv " AhÄ¡v {]oXn -tXm-¶p-hm-\p-am-sW¶v Bap-J-ambn Ihn Iq«nt¨À¡p-¶p-v.

C{]-Imcw B\-µ- nÂ apgp-In-I¡gn-bpt¼mÄ Abmsf Hcp Imam-Xp-c-bmb b£n FSp- p-sIm-p-t]m-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv hnc-l- n-\p-f-f -tl-Xp. C¯-c- nÂ Ir{Xn-a-amb Hcp IYm-k-µÀ`w krjvSn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, D®p-\oenktµiw Hcp ]cn-lm-k-I-h-\-amWv "F¶ Xsâ hmZ- n\v Dt]m-Zv_-e-I-ambnIp«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ Nqn¡mWn-¡p-¶-p.

ktµi Imhy-§-fnÂ s]mXpsh kzoI-cn¨p ImWp-¶-Xv. Cgªp \o§p¶ a«n-ep-ff, ]Xnªhr¯-amb "aµm-{Im´m' BWv. C¯cw IrXn-I-fnse AwKn-ckw hntbm-K-hn-{]ew `irw-Km-cam-Wv.B ckw Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v "Gähpw A\p-tbm-PyamWv ' "aµm-{Im´m F¶m-Wp-]-Þn-X-a-Xw.



aµm-{Im´m a`-\-X-XKw

\mep-am-td-gp-ambv Kw.

a,- ,-\,-X,X F¶o-K-W-§-fpw- c--p Kp-cp-¡fpw tNÀ¶-XmWp aµm-{Im- m. \mev, Bdv, Ggv, F¶o{Ia- nÂ A£-c-§Ä Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶n-S- vb-Xn.

2. ht£m-tZ-tj-kp-c-X-I-e-l-hym-Ipemw Xmw h-l´w

b£n ImNnXv ]p\-c-ap-apd-§nâ t\cw- \n-\mb

Z£m Nme- -Xn-bnÂ aZ-t\m-·m-Zn\o Z£n-Wmimw

ct£m-cm-P-¶n-f-b-k-lPm e£v-aWw cm£-koh

kpc-X-tI-fn-IÄ sImp ]-cn-£o-W-bmb Ahsf amdnÂ InS¯ns¡mv Ah³ Dd-§p-t¼mÄ,NXn-bnÂ \n]p-W-bmb Hcp b£n Imtam-·m-Zn-\n-bm-bn, ct£m-cm-Psâ (cm-h-W-sâ) Cfb kl-P-bmb cm£-kn(- iqÀ¸W-J)e£va-Ws\sb¶-t]mse (a-Z-\-]-c-h-i-bm-bn) Ahs\ Z£n-W-Zn-¡n-te¡vFSp- p-sIm-p -t]m-bn.

hfsc Ir{Xn-a-amb Hcp Imhy-k-µÀ`-amWv "\mbnI þ \mbI hnc-l- n\p Ihn- C-hnsS krjvSn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. hnclw shdpw Ihn-I-ev]n-X-am-sW-¶v AXnÂ \n¶p hyà-am-Ip-¶p. kpZoÀ-L-ambamÀ¤-hÀ®-\bpw, kµÀ`w In«pt¼msgms¡ ]¨irwKmc-c-k- nsâ Bhn-jvIm-c-hp-am-Wv Ihn-bpsSe£yw. AXn\pXIp-¶- Hcp IYm-k-µÀ`w thW-sa¶p am{Xw.

kpc-Xm- y- nÂ XfÀ¶v InS-¡p¶ \mbn-Isb Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡m³ aWn-{]-hm-f-I-hn-IÄ¡v bmsXmcpi¦bpw Dm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Imhy- nÂ IqSn \mbn-Ibv¡v A\izcIoÀ¯n- t\Sns¡mSp-¡p-Ibpw Ahsc{]oWn- n¨v Bcm-[-I\pw {]W-b-{]mÀ°n-bp-amb Ihn-tbmSpw B\p-Iq-ey-ap--m¡p-I-bp-am-bn-cp¶pImhy-e-£y-§Ä.

3. kym\-µqtc _X! ]pc-htc sNâ t\c- p-WÀ¶mþ

\m\-µ-t¯m-Sn-l- hn-c-lntXm thdn-cp-¶p-®p-\oeow

timtIm-·mZw a\kn I\-ap-m-Inepw a{´iàym

aptàm ssZhmÂ ]p\-c-h-fpsS ssIbnÂ \ntâ-j -Im-an.

b£n BImi amÀt¤-W Xs¶ Z£nWZnt¡tes¡Sp¯p sImp-t]m-Ip-¶-Xn-\nsS kym\-µq-c-]p-c- n\p apI-fnÂ sN¶ t\c v B Imap-I³ DWÀ¶p. D®p-\o-ensb thÀs]«XpsImv Ah³B\µcln-X-\m-bn- oÀ¶p. timIw sImp-mb hn{`m- n-bnÂ a\-Êp-ap-gp-Inbn«pw `mKy- mÂB Iman, a{ -iàn sImv, Ah-fpsS ssIbnÂ \n¶p apà\m-bn- o-¶p.

"kym\-µqcw' Xncp-h-\- -]p-csa¶ \K-c-\m-a- nsâ kwkvIrXoIrX cq]-am-Wv. .Øe\: a§sfkwkvIr-X-cq-]-§-fm¡n {]tbm-Kn-¡pI aWn-{]-hm-f-I-hn-I-fpsS Øncw coXn-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

atlm-Z-b-]pcw (am-tIm-ssX-]-«-Ww) knÔp-Zzo]w (I-Sp- p-cp- n) XpS-§n-bh DZm-l-c-W-§Ä. "sNât\c¯v' "\ntâ-j-Iman XpS-§nb "â' cq]-§Ä {]uVn-¡p-thn Dm-¡nb Ir{Xn-a-cq-]-§-fm-Wv.

"kym\-µqtc' ]pc-h-tc, F¶n-§s\ hn`ày´ kwkvIrX i_vZ-§Ä {i²n-¡pI.

4 AÃn- mÀamX-Wb acphpw ]ß\m- ¶p-]mt´

sasÃ- m-W-§-h-\-h-\n-bnÂ¸¿th sNâncp-¶m³

AÃÂs -«m³ \nP -k-l-Ncow thdn-cpt¶-ätaäm³

apÃ- q-hn³ ]cn-a-f-sagpw sXâÂ Xosbâ t]mse

b£n-bpsS ]nSn-bnÂ AI-s¸«v BIm-i-amÀt¤-W- N-cn- p-sIm-n-cp¶ B Im-ap-I³ \c-knw-l-a{´w P]n¨v Ah-fpsS ]nSn-bnÂ \n¶p-c-£-s -«p. A\- cw BIm-i¯p \n¶n-d-§n, ]ß-\m`-kzmant£{X- nsâ A¦-W- nÂ sN¶n-cp-¶p. Cu ka-b¯v Abm-fpsS am\-knI \ne-bmWv ChnsSNn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

sXm«-cn-In-ep-ff e£n-ao-tZ-hn-tbm-sSm¸w Ccp-¶-cp-fp¶ ]ß-\m- -kzm-an-bpsS kao-]- mbn sasÃAh³ \ne- p-sN-¶n-d-§n. {]nb-X-a-bnÂ \n¶v thÀs]-«-Xp-aqew Ah\p henb k¦-S-ap-m-bn. apÃ-



¸q-aWw IeÀ¶-{]- m-X- nse Cfw Imäv At¸mÄ Ah\v Xobm-bn- A-\p- -h-s -«p.

hnc-ln-I-fmb Iman-IÄ¡v, Imtam±o-]-I-§-fmb \nem-hv, Cfw-Imäv XpS-§n-bh Xot]mse s]mf-fn-¡p¶Xmbn A\p- -h-s -Sp-sa-¶mWp Ihn-k-¦-ev]w.X·qew hntbm-K-hn-{]-ew- cXn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-t¼mÄChsb D±o-]\ hn`m-h-§-fmbn \n_-Ôn-¡pI Ihn-I-fpsS ]Xn-hm-Wv.

"AWb'þ kao-] v, thdn-cp¶vþ thÀs]«v....sNâncp-¶m³ F¶-XnÂ "â' cq]-t¯m-sSm¸w "¶'bpw{]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. sXâÂ Xosbâ t]mse' F¶n-S¯pw "â' cq]-§Ä ImWmw.

5. At½ tZiw-]p-\cn-hnStatX-Xp- \m-sSâpsaÃmw

ZnMvtamlmÀ¯w ]p\ch-\p-tS- Nn- ap·oenb´ym

\·-bv¡mbv \o \nJnePKXmw ]ß-\m`m apcmtc

Nn½nSmtX Xncp-\-b-\-saâpZvKXm hµn-hmN

t£{X- n-\p-f-fnÂ \n¶pw ]ß-\m`kzm-ansb Xpbn-ep-WÀ¯p¶ (]-f-fn-bp-WÀ¯p-¶) hµn-I-fpsSIoÀ¯-\-§Ä DbÀ¶p tIÄ¡p-¶p. Cu KoX-§Â tI«mWv \mb-I\v Øe-Ime t_m[w Dm-Ip-¶-Xv.

At¸mÄ, At½ Cu tZiw, GXp-\m-«n-emWv F¶n-§s\ ZnKv{`aw sImv hnh-i-am-bn- o vÀ¶Ahsâ a\-Êns\ PmUymh-Ø-bnÂ \n¶v DWÀ¯p-¶-a-«nÂ "" AÃtbm ]ß-\m`! A§v \nJn-e-PK-¯nsâbpw \·-bv¡mbn Xncp-an-gn-IÄ Xpd-¶-cp-fn-bmepw!'' F¶p-ff hµn-I-fpsS k¦oÀ¯\w DbÀ¶ptIÄ¡m-bn.

"\b-\-saâp "\msSâp' XpS-§n-bh IrXn-aXzw IeÀ¶ "â' cq]-§-fm-Wv. "\nJn-e-P-KXmw' XpS-§n-bh hn`-ày- -§Ä. {]`mX¯nÂ DWÀ¶v Cuiz-c-k-¦oÀ¯\w tI«-t¸mÄ \mb-Is\ _m[n- - au-Vym-hØ amdp-Ibpw Abm-fpsS a\Êv "Dt·-j-]qÀ®-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. ktµ-i-a-b¨v Abm-fpsS a\Êv ...-kzØamI¯¡-hn-[- nÂ D±o-]-\-hn- m-h-§Ä XpSÀ¶pw Ihn \n_-Ôn-¡p-¶p-v.

6. Imfw t]mse Ipkp-a-[-\ptjm l´! ]qt¦mgn IqIo

tNmfw-t]mse sNX-dn-hn-fdo Xmc-Im-Wmw- \n-Imbw

Xmfw t]mse ]pe-cn-h-\nXbv¡m-K-Xu- -kq-cy-N{µu

- \mfw t]mse \fn-\-Ip-lcmZpZvK-Xm- `rw-K-cmPn

{io ]ß-\m- sâ Xncp\-S-bnÂ \n¶p sImv' hµn-IÄ {]`m-X-s¯ -hÀ®n- p-]m-Sp-¶p. Ipkp-am-bp-[sâ Iml-ftam F¶p-tXm-¶p-amdv AIse ]qt¦mgn Iqhn-¡-gnªp. ]peÀsh-fn¨w hym]n¨ BIm-i¯v, tNmf a-e-cv -s]m-«n- n-X-dn-¡n-S-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse hnf-dn, {]Im-iw-sI« \£-{X-§Ä ImW-s -«p.]pe-cn-bm-Ip¶ kpµ-cn-bpsS hc-th-ev]n-\p-ff Ce- m-f-§-sf¶ h®w Ing¡v kqcy\pw ]Sn-ªmdvN{µ\pw sXfn-ªp-\n-¶p. Xma-c- q-¡-fpsS Df-fnÂ \n¶p ]pI-\mfw Db-cp-I-bm-tWm-F¶p tXm¶pamdvhn³ \nc DbÀ¶p-]-d-¶p.

D®p-\o-en-k-tµ-i- nse AXn-{]-kn-²-amb {]`m-X-hÀ®-\-bm-Wn-Xv. ]qt¦mgn Iqhp-¶-Xns\ Ima-tZ-hsâ Iml-f-ambn DXvt{]-£n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]pe-cmdm-b-tXmsS Iman-\o-Kr-l-§-fnÂ \n¶p Ima-tZ-h³ hnS-]-d-bp-¶p-sh¶p kqN-\. NnX-dn A§n-§m-bn- Im-W-s -Sp¶ \£-{X-§sf tNmf-s¸m-cn-tbmSpkmZr-iy-s -Sp-¯nbncn-¡p-¶XnÂ D]-ame¦mcw. Ce¯m-f-t¯m-Sp- kq-cy-N-{µ-·msc kmZriy-s -Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xpw D]-a-X-s¶. hp-IÄ H¶n\p ]n¶mse H¶mbn Db-cp-¶Xp ImÂ Dcp ]pI-\mfw BImit¯¡p -hym-]n-¡p-¶-Xmbn tXm¶p-sa¶ Iev]-\-bnÂ DÂt{]-I-j. "]pecn h\nX'F¶p cq]-Iw.

7. \oe¡pân³ aWnaIp-S-hZv Zriy-tX - m-\p-_nw_w

Nme¯mWq IS-eneWn-shn¦Ä \msemâp t]msc

¡me-s¯bvXpw shbn-se-dp-I-bnÂs¸«p ]mSnâXpw tIÄ

the-s -®n³ap-e-bnenXapä-¼p-sa³ X¼n-cmt\!

hµn-I-fpsS Km\w XpSÀ¶pw tIÄ¡p-¶p. \oea-e-bpsS apSn-bnse cXv\-a-Ip-Sw-t]mse kqcy-_nw_w ImW-s -Sp-¶p. N{µ³ IS-enÂ \men-sem-¶p - m-K-sam-gnsI XmWp-I-gn-ªp. {]`m-X- nseshbnÂ s\dp-I-bn-te-äp-sImv e£-vao-tZ-hn-bpsS amdnÂ hmW-cp-fp-¶- -K-hms\ R§-fn-Xm- ]m-Sn-bp-WÀ¯p-¶p.

kqcys\ \oe-a-e-bpsS aWn-a-Ip-S-ambn DXvt{]-£n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. "IpbnÂt¸S- ]m-SnâXpw tIÄ'F¶'



Hcp ]mT-t`-Zhpw CXn-\p-v. \mb-Isâ hnc-l-Zpx-Js¯ DZo-]n- n-¡p-hm³ Cu {]Ir-Xn-hÀ®-\-k-lm-bn-¡p-¶p.

8. FsâÃmw tI«-h-s\mcp \pdp-§m-iz-kn-¡nâ t\cw

Ipân-s¨§pw IpbnÂ\n-\-Zhpw Iqhp-a-¡m-hp-tXmdpw

Hân- p-ss -c-bp-K-i-c-t\m-SmÀ¯p hn³\n-\m-ssZþ

scâ-Ã-t¸m-sgmcp ]Sp-sIm-e-¡mcn h¶m³ hk- ³

]Zva-\m- s\ kvXpXn-¡p-¶Xp tI«v \mb-I³ Biz-kn¨t¸mÄ B Bizm-ks¯ CÃm-Xm-¡p-amdpNpäp-apÅ ImhnÂ\n¶p IpbnÂ\mZw tI«p.-A-Xn\pw ]pdsa Imap-I-l- m-hmb hk´w Ima-tZ-h-t\mSp tNÀ¶v hn³\mZw apg-¡n-s¡mp h¶p.

9. tX·m-hn-t·Â¸c- r-X-Ip-ew, `rwK-amem ]em-ti,

amc³Iq-c-¼pf Npg-ehpw sN¼-Is¡m¼p-tXmdpw

sXâÂ¡âp-n-\nb _I-tf, InwiqtI Inwiq-Im-fo,

\mfo-I- mÀ \fn-\n-bn-e-h-s¶§p t\m¡m-hp-Xâ v?

InwiqtI Inwip-Imfn F¶-Xn\v apcn-¡nÂ apcn-¡n³]q F¶v BWv kzc-k-amb AÀYw. apcn-¡n³]q hntbm-Kn-Isf Zln- n-¡m³ Ima³ sImfp- p¶ Aán-Pzm-e-sb-¶m-bn-cn¡mw Ihn- m-h-\.

"Inwiq-I- nÂ þ apcn-¡nÂ, Inw F v? iqIm-fn, iqI-k-aqlw' F¶ coXn-bnepw hymJym-\n¨pImWp-¶p.

t\m¡p¶nS-s¯Ãw hntbm-KZpx-Js¯ hÀ[n- n-¡p¶ Näp-]m-Sp-IÄXs¶ Ip F¶p kmcw.

10. tImI-t{i-Wo-hn-c-l-\n-lnXw Xo\p-dp-s§â t]mse

XqIn- q-In- p-ln-\-I-WnImw XqÀ¶ ]q¦m-hn-eqsS

kvtXmtIm-·o-e-¶-fn-\-sX-fn-tX³ Imf-Iq-Smw_p tImcnþ

t¯In-t¯-In- -h-\-\-h-s\-s¨âp sImâm³ XZm\ow

cm{Xn-bnÂ ]ncn-ªn-cp¶ N{I-hm-I-§-fpsS hnc-lm-án-bpsS IW-§-sf¶p tXm¶p¶ aªp-\oÀ¯p-f-fn-Isf ]q¦m-hn-eqsS XqIn-s¡mpw, ]Xps¡ hnSÀ¶phcp¶ Xma-c- q-¡-fnse tX\m-Ip¶ Imf-Iq-S-P-es¯ tImcn-t¯-In-sImpw _mem-\n-e³ h¶v B hnc-lm-Xp-cs\ sIm¶p.þ(tX-In-t¯m-I- -h-\³þ]m-T-t -Zw)

11. kzØm-tZ-im-Znjp Ne-Zrimw amctW sshcn-]pwkmw

Nnt¯m-t·-jm-Znjp N hn-Zpjmw ]mÀ¡nÂ \tÃmcp a{´w

Xr¸m- qÀ aq -gIp s]mgnbpw hoc-\m-Xn¨hÀa³

apev]m-Spmw hncpXp klkm Xky arXyp-RvP-tbm- qÂ

kpµ-cn-am-cpsS Imam-th-i- n\pw, sshcn cmPm-¡·mcpsS ac-W-{In-bbv¡pw, hnZzm-·m-cpsS Nnt¯m-t·-j- n\pw DX--Ip¶ a{´w t]mse {]`m-h-im-en-bmb Xr¸m- qÀ aq -\mb BZn-Xy-hÀa B hntbm-Kn-bpsS ap¼nÂ apXyp-RvP-b-s\-t¸mse sN¶p-tNÀ¶p. ]h-\³ \nl-\n¨ Imansb ]p\ÀPo-hn- n-¡m-\mbn arXyp-RvP-b³ BhnÀ`-hn¨p F¶p bpàn.

12. Im³ I-n¸p-cn-Ip-g-en-amÀam-c-s\- ns¶ ap¶Â

s¡mm-Smthm Nne KpW-KWw tNÀ¶ ]pWymw-_p-cminw

XmÀamXpw Ihn-h-\n-Xbpw Xn-bââp ]pevIw

NmÀ shân-s¡m-Snsb shSn-bn-tâ-dmÀ¡p Iev]m- -hÓnw

In- p-cn-I-g-en-amÀ¡v amc-\pw, sImm-Sm-thm-¶mb At\Iw KpW-§-fp-ff ]pWymw-_p-cm-inbpw,XmÀamXpw Ihn-h-\n-Xbpw At\z-jn¨p sN¶v A¶¶p ]pÂI¶ NmÀshân-s¡m-Snbpw shSn-bp-t¶mÀ¡p Iev]m- -h-Ónbpw Bb (B-Zn-Xy-hÀ½-sb) ]ns¶ ap¶nÂ Im³.

]ns¶ B hntbmKn BZn-Xy-hÀ½sb ap¼nÂ Ip F¶p kmcw.



kwkvIr-X-coXn A\p-k-cn¨p hnti-j-W-hn-ti-jy-§sf Htc hn`-àn-bn-em¡n {]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. amcs\ ]pWymw-_p-cminw shâns¡mSnsb Iev]m- -hÓnw Im³ F¶p hmIy-L-S-\.

13. \oÀ¯m--\n-µp-]-e-anh sXfn-ªm-¼Ât]mse Nncn- m³

BÀ¯m³ hn³I-pe-an-h hfÀ¶m³ ]tbm-cm-in-t]mte

]oXzm cq]m-ar-X-an-f-In-\m-t\j sNt¼m- p-t]mte

Iqgv¯m³ Imao aZ\-\nh t]m¶m-KtX hoc-N-t{µ.

BZn-Xy-hÀ½sb N{µ-\m¡n cq]Ww sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. Nt{µm-Z-b- nÂ N{µ-Im- -ine XpS-§n-bp-f-f-hbv¡v Dm-Ip¶ hnIm-c-§Ä BZn-Xy-hÀ½-bpsS ZÀi-\- nÂ B Imap-I\v Dm-bn. Ihn-k-¦Xw A\p-k-cn- p-ff hÀW-\-bmWv CXv. Nt{µm-Z-b- nÂ kap{Zw then-tbäw sImffp¶p F¶pwN{µ-\n-ep-ff Aar-Xs¯ NtIm-c-§Ä Bkz-Zn-¡p¶p F¶pw aäpw Ihn-k-t¦-X-§Ä.

14. Xm´mt\ h¶-b-ap-]-KtXm ssZh-tbm-Km-Zn-Zm\ow

Im´m-Nm- mÀap-e-bnW ]ncn-ªp-ff Xm]w hnl´pw

B´m-s\â-§-h-\p-S-\-W-tª- n-\m-\m- -cmKw

sN´mÀam-Xn³ Ipe-\n-e-bamw hoc-th-Wm-SÀtIm-s\.

Im -bpsS Nm´mÀ¶ kvX\-§sf hn«p-]n-cn-ª-Xn-\m-epÅ ZpxJs¯ CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xn\p thnssZhm-[o\w sImv Ct¸mÄ kzbw BK-X-\m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.-A-Xn-\mÂ A§v Fsâ \mY-\m-Wv-þþF¶p ]d-ªp-sImv Ah³(-\m-b-I³) hoc-\mb thWm-«p-cm-Pm-hnsâ ASp-s¯¯n

thWm-SÀtIm³ F¶-Xn\v thWms« cmPmhv F¶ kmam-\y-amb AÀYta Df-fp.

15. BIev]w hm®-cpfp ]I-bÀ¡- Im! l - qanþ

¡mIev]w \o ]h-g-a-Wn-tb, hmWnbpw ]qhnÂamXpw

hoInt¨ h¶-g-sImSp ]pWÀ¶o-Sp-am-Xn- -hÀam!

taI-t¯mSpw sImS-bn-en-S-bn-tâ-dmcp Imcp-Wy-kntÔm!

apgp-hÀa-Wn-btb' F¶pw ]mTw ImWp-¶p-v. AXnsâ AÀYw hoc-cXv\w. \mSp-h-gn-I-fnÂ cXv\wFs¶-Ãm-am-Wv.

hoIn¨ F¶-Xn\v "tate tate Bbn' F¶pw. "aÕ-c- nÂ' F¶pw, "HmSn¡nX¨v' F¶pw aq¶p-X-c- nÂ aq¶p hymJym-\-§-fnÂ AÀYw. thK-i-_vZ- nsâ XÛ-h-amWv hoIw. "sImSn-bn-en-S-bn-tâmcp' F¶mWp {K ]m. sImS-bnÂ F¶ ap{ZnX ]mT-amWp km[p."-I-eym-W-kntÔm' F¶-Xn\v"Imcp-Wy-kntÔm' F¶p-{K.-]m.-ta-L-t¯mSpw F¶ ap. ]mT-t¯-¡mÄ taI-t¯mSpw F¶-{K.-]m.-B-Wp-k-ao-No-\w. AÀY- n\p hyXym-k-an-sÃ-¦nepw AXmWv ChnsS {]mk- n\v CW-§p-¶-Xv (iq-c-\m-Sv).

16. F®n--s¡mÅmw ]S-bn-se-gp-\-f-f¯p sImÃ- p-\ntâm

I®nÂIq-Sm-X-S-b-cpSÂIq-dmfn! tXmhm-f-\ntâm

hÀWn-t¨äw `qP-K-i-b\w Ip ssIIq- -phm-s\³

]pWy- ntâ s]cpa \hcw \n³ hc-s¯âp at\y.

I®nÂ¡q-SmX þ Ip-Iq-Sm- , AS-b-cp-SÂþ AS-b-cpsS DSÂ; i{X-p¡-fpsS ico-cw, Iqdm-fn-þ-Iq-dm-fp-¶-h-t\-þ-sh-«n- -I-p¡p-¶-ht\ F¶p kwt_m-[-\. hÀWn-t¨äw þGäw hÀWn- v, `qP-K-i-b-\w-þ-A-\- -im-bnsb ]Zva-\m- -s\, Ip ssIIq- p-hm-t\þ sXmgp-¶-Xn-\p-th-n-bp-f-f, \n³h-c- v-þ-A-hn-S-s -h-c-hv-þFgp-¶-f-f-

v, \h-cw-þ-\n-Ý-b-ambpw, F³-þ-F-sâ, ]pWy- nsâ s]cpa F¶v, at\y þRm³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶p.

Ahn-Spt¯ Fgp-¶-f-f¯v ]Zva-\m- s\ sXmgm³th-n-bmsW¦nepw AXv Fsâ alm- m-Ky-am-sW¶p Rm³ Icp-Xp-¶p.

"F®ns¡mffmw ]S-bnÂ' F¶-Xn\v F®¯¡h®w Ipd- p-am{Xw ]S-tbm-Sp-IqSn F¶p NneÀAÀY-sa-Sp-¡p-¶Xv. AXv icnb-Ã. I®nÂ¡qSm-sX-þ-I-s®- m- -þ-A-kw-Jy-am-b.

sImÃw cmP-[m-\n-bm¡n `cn- n-cp¶ Cc-hn-hÀasâ ktlm-Z-c-\mb BZn-Xy-hÀa-s\-bmWv ChnsS]cm-aÀin- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.-A-hÀ Ipd- p-Imew tXmhm-f-{]-tZ-i¯v Xma-kn- n-cp-¶p.

17. BdtÃm sNmÃ-a-c-k-cWu kwkvIr-X--{]m-Ir-Xm`ymw



amdn-ÃtÃm ]p\-c-XnÂ \n\-¡nâp awK-ey-IoÀt¯!

BdtÃm apâ-h-\n-hn-jtb tNÀ¶ `mjm-hn-tijw

thdtÃ \o ]d-In-e-h-bn-än-¦epw hoc-aute!

Aa-c-k-cWu Aa-c-k-c-Wn-bnÂ-þ-kw-kvIr-Xs¯ tZh- m-j-sb¶p Icp-Xp-¶-Xp-sImv Bcy- m-jm-hÀK- nÂ F¶p {]Ir-Xm-À-Yw. {]mIr-Xm`ymw F¶ {K.-]m-TamWv kao-No\w (GXv Bdv-B-cy- m-j-I-sf-bmWp ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶-sX¶p hyà-a-Ã. alm-cm-jv{Sn, ss]im-Nn, amK-[n, iuc-tk\n, Nqfn-Im-ss]-im-No, A]-{`wiw F¶nh Bbn-cn-¡-Ww. hc-cp-Nnbpw tla-N-{µ\pw CXn-s\- än ]dªn«pv.

(thdtÃ F¶-Xn\v thdv AÃ? þ CW-¡-an-Ãm- -h-\-Ã-Xs¶ F¶pw, A]-cn-Nn-X³ AÃ F¶pw NneÀAÀY-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p).

A¡m-es¯ ]cn-K-W-\-bnÂ Bcy- m-jm-hÀK- nÂ Bdpw Ah-sbm-gn¨v thtd ]Xn-s\«pw `mj-IÄ Dm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-bnÂ FÃmw BZn-Xy-hÀ½bv¡v AXn-cn-Ãm¯ ]mÞnXyw kn²n- n-cp¶pF¶v `mhw.

18. cmPy-m\m-a-§n-\nb ]Xn-s\-«n-¶p-anâm-bp-[m\w

hnZym-\m© Xzakn s]cp-amÄ hoc-kw-{Km-a-[oc!

\me-n¶p-½-ädp-]-Xn-\p-anâ-¡-em-Iu-i-em\mw

{Kmam-Wm© {inb-a-\p-Zn\w hmgv¯p-thm-cm-]v-X-_tÔm!

Xzakn F¶ ]mT-w ChnsS kzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.Xza]n F¶ ap{ZnX ]mT- n\v, \obpw-þ-A-hn-S¶pwF¶v AÀYw. hoc-c-hn-hÀ½vbv¡v Bbn-cp¶p kw{Km-a-[o-c-_n-cpZw Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xv .C-hnsS BZn-Xy-hÀasb At±-l-t¯mSv Xpe\w sN¿p-¶p.hmgpI F¶-Xnsâ {]tbm-P-I-cq-]-amWv hmgv p-I. hmgv p-thmcv F¶-Xn\p ]pI-gv¯pI F¶-Ã, hmgn-¡p-I, hÀ²n- n-¡p-I -F-¶mWv ChnsS AÀXvYw.

Adp-]- n-\mev {]m[m-\y-apÅ kwJy-bm-Wv.Adp-]- n-\mev Ie-I-sf¶p {]kn-²n. tIc-f- nse\¼qcn {Kma-§fpw Adp-]- n-\mev .Ie-IfpsS F¶-t]mse {Kma-§-fp-sSbpw sFiz-cy- n\p \nZm-\-amWv BZn-Xy-hÀa.

(ap-Jy-amb {]km-[-\-§-fnÂ "{KmamWmw N {inbw' F¶p Xs¶ ]mTw ImWp-¶p. F¶mÂ AXn\p{iosb F¶-Ã. B{ibw F¶mWv AÀYw sImSp- p-Im-Wp-¶-Xv. Ie-IÄ¡pw {Kma-§Ä¡w Ahn-S¶v B{i-b-am-WtÃm F¶v AÀYw sImSp-¡p-¶p. ap.-]m-Thpw {K.-]m-Thpw kao-No-\-]m-Thpw "{iobw'F¶m-bn-cn-¡p¶ ØnXn¡p {iosb hmgv¯p¶ hÀ²n- n-¡p¶ F¶ AÀYta tbmPn-¡qþiq-c-\mSv.)

(]-Xn-s\«p cmPy-sa¶p ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶Xv cmPy- nsâ ]Xn-s\-«p-hn- m-K-§-sf- -än-bm-Wv. hf-©nbwF¶mWv A¶p ]d-ªn-cp-¶-Xv. sImÃw 371 þm-am-s¯ shf-fm-bWn inemtc-J-bnÂ thWm«nse 18cmPy-§-fn-ep-ff hf-©n-b-sc- än {]kvXm-h-ap-v. cmPy-hn- m-K-sat¶ cmPy- n\v AÀY-ap-f-fp. ]mn-sb- -änbpw sIm¨n-sb- -än-bp-ap-ff imk-\-§-fnepw ]Xn-s\-«p-\mSv Fs¶mcp hn`mKw Im¶p-¶pvsI¨n-bnÂ Xfn-bnÂ t£{X- nsâ tcJ-bnÂ ]Xn-s\-«p -\m-«mcpw A[n-Im-cnbpw F¶p ImWp-¶p.]mn-bnÂ cma-\m-«nse Hcp tcJ-bnÂ ]Xn-s\«p hnj-b-§-fnse Bfp-IÄ tNÀ¶n-cp¶p Nne Imcy-§Ä sNbvX-Xmbn ImWmw. cmPy-§sf A¶p ]Xn-s\-«mbn `mKn-¡p-¶-]-Xnhv Dm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡mw.

19. iuÞo, thWp, kvX\n, i_-cn-Im, ]¦n-Xw, cmh-W-ss¦,

kmcw-Kw,-\- p-Wn, \nd-sa-gp- -®n, hoWm, ]n\mIw

aäpw hmtZymÂ¡-c-a-\p-X-cn-¡nâ KoXm-arXw tX

tIÄ¸ptm hs¶m-fn-bn-e-a-cm-[o-i-K-ÔÀÆ-kwLmx?

iuÞnþHcp Xcw sN. thWp-þ-ap-f-¦p-gÂþ HmS-¡p-gÂ, kvX\n Hcp-Xcw t`cn, i_-cn-I-þ-N-hp-cn,-]-¦n-Xw-þ-C-Sp-ap-«n, cmh-W-ss¦þ-ho-c-Ww, kmcw-Kw-þ-H-cp-Xcw hoW, \nd-sa-gpwþ `wKn-bp-f-f, X®n-þ-P-e-X-cw-Kw.

(KoXm-arXw F¶ {KÙ]m-T-amWp kao-No\w. "hmtZymÂ¡c a\p Xcn-¡nsâ hmZym-arXw F¶ap.-]. Akz-c-k-amb ]p\-cp-àn--bm-W-tÃm. "tIÄ¸ptm h¶n-f-bnÂ' F¶-ap. ]mT- nsâ Øm\¯v"tIÄ¸ptm hs¶m-fn-bnÂ' F¶mWp {K.-]m.þiq-c-\mSv).

20 h«- nÂt¨À¶-S-b-cp-S-enÂt¨cp-a-t¨m-cn-sh-ffw

ap«-t¡m-cn-¡-gp-Ip-sa-gp-]mdpw IpSn¡pw {]Imcw



sh«n-¡o-dn- -S-bn-ep-S-hmÄsImp Iqdn«p thdn-þ

s«ms«m-t«Sw \c-hcn ]c¶pw hncp-¶p-×-Xptm?

h«- nÂ tNÀ¶v-þ-h-f-sª-XnÀ¡p¶, AS-b-cp-sS-þ-ssh-cn-I-fp-sS, DS-enÂ tNcp¶, tNmcn-sh-ffwþsh-f-fw-t]mse Hgp-Ip¶ tNmc, ap«-t¡m-cn-I-gpIpw Fgp-]mdpw In«p-¶-h-®w., ]S-bnÂh v DS-bmÄ sImpsh«n-Io-dn. Iqdn«v thdn-«v-þ-{]-tXy-IIw {]tXyIw ]¦m-¡n, Hs«m-t«-Sw, \c-h-c-þ-cm-Pm-th, ]cWw þ]-cp-´pw, hncp-¶p-×-Xp-tm-þ-hn-cp-¶p-®p-¶ptm?

("\r] ]d-h-cn¶pw hncp-¶p-×-Xptm' F¶p ap.-]m. "\c-hc]c¶pw hncp-¶p-p-sXmtm' F¶p{K.-]m. ]d-h-IÄ F¶-Xn\v ]-d-hÀ' F¶p-]-d-bp-¶Xp icn-bmb cq]-a-Ã. {KÙ-]m-T- nse "]c¶pw'F¶Xv "]cp´pw' F¶-Xnsâ cq]m- -cw. "hncp v' "hncp¶v' BIp-¶-Xp-t]mse ]cp v F¶Xv"]cp¶v' F¶pw ]ns¶ "]c¶v' F¶pw cq]m- cw {]m]n-¡p-¶pþiq-c-\m-Sv).

ap«-t¡mcn þ \ndsb tImcn-sb-Sp¯v (izm-kw-ap-«- -¡-h®w) "Fgp-]mSpw' {K.-]m.-C-Xn\v F¼mSpwþ [mcmfw F¶v AÀYw ]d-ªmÂ IgpIw F¶-Xnse kap- -b- n\v {]tbm-P\anÃmsX hcpw."Fgp-]mdpw' F¶-Xn\p ap«-¡-gp-I³ F¶p AÀYw ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]mdv-þ-I-gp-Iv, ]cp´p Fgp-]mÀF¶-Xn\v Fgp-¶- ]mÀ, DbÀ¶p ]d-¡p¶ ]cp v F¶m-bn-cn¡mw AÀYw. ImÂ Fgp¶ ]£nF¶pw NneÀ AÀ°w ]d-bp-¶p.

BZn-Xy-hÀa ]£n-IÄ¡v i{Xp-¡-fpsS tNmc-sImv hncp¶p \ÂIm-dpv F¶p kmcw.-k-tµ-i-l-csâ i{Xp-kw-lm-c-Z-£X kqNn-Xw.

21. hymbmaw sIm-g-In-ep-Zn-Xm-tam-Z-ap-ss -{i-hm-hnþ

¶mbmkw sNbvX-a-e-Xp-cKw \o Itcdpw Zimbmw

{]mWm-]mbw Icp-Xn\ Xpen-¡³]-S-t¡m- n-s\®w

sNmÂhp-tÃm kpc-]-cn-j-Z-ma-s¸mSn¨mÀ¯p sNâ v

hymbmawsImp Ag-InÂ, DZn-Xm-tamZw þ Btam-Z-ap-Zn-¡pw-h-®wþ kt´m-jw-tXm-¶- ¡ {]Im-c- nÂ, Dss -{i-hm-hn¶v þ tZth-{µsâ Dss -{i-hÊv F¶ Aiz- n-¶v,Xpep-¡³]S-þam-enIv I^q-dnsâ ssk\yw.

("]S-t¡m- n-s\®w þ ]S-t¡m- n\v' F¶-Xn\v ssk\y-km-a-{Kn-I-fpsS F¶v AÀY-sa-Sp- mepwssk\y-k-aq-l- nsâ F¶ AÀYw Xs¶ h¶p-tN-cpw. Xpep-¡³]S-t¡m¸v F¶p-]-d-ª-Xp-sImvN¯ -Xp-ep-¡-·m-cpsS tijn¨ ]S-t¡m¸v F¶p AÀYw FSp- p-Im-Wp-¶p. {]mWm-]mbw Icp-Xn\'Ft¶ ]d--ªn-«p-ff; arX-cm-b-hÀ F¶p ]d-ªn-«n-Ã. BZn-Xy-hÀ½ IpXn-c-¸p-d¯p Ib-dp-t¼mÄXs¶ Xpep-¡-·mÀ HmSn- p-S-§p-sa¶pw, Ah-cpsS Hm«- nÂ\n¶p s]m§p¶ s]mSn- mÀ¯p- `o-cp-¡-fmb Xpep-¡-·m-cpsS F®-s - än kpc-]-cn-j- p-I-tfm-Sp \nth-Z\w \S- p-sa¶pw kmcw. s]mSn-¨mÀ¯v F¶p-f-fXv BZn-Xy-hÀ½-bpsS IpXn-c-bpsS If-¼nÂ\n¶p s]m§p-¶-X-Ã, Xpep-¡³am-cpsS H«- n-\n¶p s]m§p-¶-XmWv F¶p Kay-am-Wv. "s]mSn- mÀ¯p-t]mse' F¶ {K.-]m-T-s¯-¡mÄ"s]mSn- mÀ¯p sNâ v' F¶ ap.-]m.-k-ao-Nn-\wþiq-c-\m-Sv).

22. apä- tÃm \\p kpc-]-tX-¶n-ev]p-X-¡-ev]-hr£w

apän-t¡Ä¡pw hc-kp-c- nbpw hmcp-Wo-tlm-a-t[\p

shän-¡q-dn-Ã-dn-In-e-f-tI-i-¶p-aoti \ncmti

apäpw \otb hcp-an-c-h-eÀ¡nâp Ieym-W-ta-Lw.

kpc-]-tXxþ kpc-]XnbpsS, apä- -tÃm-I-ev]-hr-£w, \nev]p-Xp-þ-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xv, \\p þ{]-kn²mÀYw.apän-t¡Ä¡pw-þ-ap-än, KmV-ambn þ{]-i-kvX-am-bn, tIÄ¡pw-þ-tIÄhn-bp-ff þ {]kn-²-am-b, hc-kp-c-`nbpw þ D¯-a-bmb kpc`n F¶ Ima-t[-\p-hpw, hmcpWn tlma-t[-\p-hm-Wv-þ-h-cp-Wsâ bmK-t[-\p-hm-Wv."-\o-tb-h-cn-ep-an-c-hÀ¡nâp F¶p ap.-]m.-F-h-cnepw Cc-hÀ¡p Ieym-W-taLw \o X-s¶-bmWvF¶n-h-nsS AÀYw.

`n£m-S-\- nÂ H¶pw In«msX \ncm-i-\mb inh-\nÂ Ipt_-c\p t]mepw Aev]hpw Iqdp tXm¶n-bnÃ F¶v aq¶mw ]mZ- n\v AÀ°w ]d-bmw.B kml-N-cy- n-emWv BZn-Xy-hÀa Ieym-W-ta-L-ambn {]Xy-£-s -Sp-¶-Xv.

23. C°w \m\m Ipi-e-a-h-t\m-Sm]vXn-]qÀÆw hnNm-cnþ

"¨mØm temtI hn]p-e-a-\km' saâpapÂs¸«p Im«o



{]mÀYn- m³ X³ Icp-a-a-hs\ {]mÀY\o-bm-\p- mhw

kzmÀY {]XyÀYn-I-fn-se-hn-sS-¡m-ap-Im\mw hnthIw?

C°wþ C{]-Im-cw, Ah-t\mSv \m\m-I-pi-ew. B]vXn-]qÀhw-þ-B-]vXn-tbm-sS, hnizmk--t¯m-sS, hnNm-cn- n«v þ C§s\ ]e Ipi-e-{]-iv\-§fpw sNbv-Xn«v, {]mÀ°\o-bm-\p- mhwþ{]mÀ°n-¡- ¡ amlm-ßy-t¯mSp IqSnb Ah-t\m-Sv,-X³ Icp-aw-þ-X-\n¡v Bh-iy-amb Imcy-t¯- än {]mÀ°n- p.kzmÀYw{]XyÀYn-I-fn-se-hn-sS-¡m-ap-Im\mw hnthIw? Fs¶mcp ]mThpw ImWp-¶p.

24. BÀ¯-{Xm-W-{]-hW Icp-Wm-hm-cnt[! Imap-Im\mw

t\{X-t{iWo a[p-]-\-fn\ow thdn-cp-¶p-®p-\oeow

hmÀ¯-s -t«\l hnc-loWmw Rm³ Xptem-anâp-]mÀtaÂ

IoÀ¯n- ms\mâ-cp-XXp ic- -{µn-Im-Nm-cp-IoÀt¯!

BÀ¯sc c£n-¡p-¶-XnÂ Xev]-c-\m-b-h-t\,-Im-cpWy kap-{Z-ta,-i-c-XvIme N{µnI t]mse at\m-l-c-am-b-IoÀ¯n-tbmSp IqSn-b-h-t\,-Im-ap-I-·m-cpsS t\{X-§-fm-Ip¶ hp-IÄ¡v Xma-c-s¸m-bvI-bmb D®p-\o-ensb thÀ]n-cn-ª-Xn-\mÂ Rm³ qan-bnse hnc-ln-I-fnÂ Gähpw ZpJn-X-\m-bn- oÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.

25. knÔpZzo-s]sâmcp ]pc-hcw _nw_eo ]me-Im\mw

tIÄ¸p-tÃm PKXn hnZnXw taZn-\o-kzÀK-JWvUw

Xkvan³ amc-¶n-\nb ]S-ho-Spp aps-¡-se-t·mþ

cnÃw aÃ-¡p-h-e-b-Zrimw ]mcn-em-cq-V-IoÀt¯!

`qanbnse kzÀK-sa¶v {]kn-²hpw th¼-\m«p cmPm-¡-fmÂ ]men-¡-s -Sp-¶-Xp-amb ISp- p-cp¯nF¶ t{ijvT-\-K-c-t¯- än tI«n-«p--sÃm.-A-hnsS Ima-tZ-hsâ Hcp ]S-ho-Sp-v.-Icnw Iqhfw t]mseCcp I®p-I-tfmSp IqSnb kpµ-cn-am-cpÅ ap-bv¡Â hoSm-W-Xv.

26. Imtam-·m-ZmÂ¡-\n-shmSp Na-ªpÀhio \nÀhn-i¦w

`qau `qao-iz-c-\nÂ acp-ho-Snâ \mÄ hn{I-amtJy

Dm-bo-t]m-e-g-In-e-hÄ]m-I¯p \nâ-Xy-pZmcw

XmÀam-Xn³ Ipe-\n-e-bamw hwi-ta-XÂ ]rYnhymw

\mbn-I-bpsS hwtim-Xv]¯n hnh-cn-¡p-¶p.-DÀÆin Ima{`m´p aqew \nÀeÖw a\-k-gn-ªp-h-im-bn«v hn{I-a³ F¶ cmPm-shm¯p `qan-bnÂ ]mÀ¡p¶ Ime¯v Ah-fnÂ \n¶v Cu hwiw Dmbnt]mepw.

27. Xkvan³ hwti Xcp-W-\-b-\-§Ä¡p ]obq-j-[mcm

Xmcp-Wym\mw PKXn P\\o XmÀN-c-¶kv{X--imem

XmcmÀam-Xn-¶- n-a-X-kJn Xm{a-_nw-_m-[-tcmjvTo

Xmcm-\mY {]Xn- -S-apJo Xn®-sa-¶p-®p-\o-eo.

Xcp-W-·m-cpsS I®p-IÄ¡v AarX-[m-cbpw temI-¯nÂ Xmcp-Wy-hn-em-k-`w-Kn¡v Dev]¯nØm\hpw Imasâ Bbp-[-im-ebpw e£van-tZ-hn-bpsS {]nb-s¸« tXmgnbpw XpSp¯ sXmn- gwt]mepÅ A[-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hfpw N{µs\ t\cn-Sm³ X¡ apJ-Im- n-tbmSp IqSn-b-hfpw BbD®p-\oen XoÀ -bmbpw B hwi- nÂ s]«-hÄ BIp-¶p.

28. -Rm\pw X\zo-Xn-e-I-a-hfpw IqSn hmSmX Im´ym

Ima-{Io-Um-N-]-eh-]pju tNÀ¶p-d-§nâ t\cw

Ieym-WmwKow IY-a]n ]ncn-s -§t\ Rm\-dnªo

ses¶-ss¡-s¡m--]-K-X-hXo Im]n b£o \nim-bmw.

Rm\pw X\zn-IÄ¡p Xne-I-amb Ahfpw IqSn Ima-{Io-U-bnÂ Deª ico-c-t¯m-sS-sb-¦nepwa§m¯ Im´n-tbmsS ]c-kv]cw tNÀ¶p-d-§p-t¼mÄ F§-s\-sb-¶-dnªp IqSm...-I-eym-Wmw-Kn-bmb Ahsf Hcp b£n F¶nÂ \n¶p thÀs]-Sp- n-bn«v B cm{Xn-bnÂ Xs¶ Fs¶ FSp- p-sImp t]mbn.

29. ImX- n-t·-ep-]cn KKt\ sNâ t\c- p-WÀt¶þ



\mX-]vtXm Rm\nl _lp-aXmw thdn-cp-¶p-®p-\oeow

t]Sn-t¨äw hnc-hnÂ \c-knw-lm-Jy-a{´w P]n-t¨þ

t\mSn-t¸m-bm-f-hÄ apdbp-an-«§p ssIhn-«p \s½.

Hcp ImX- n-e-[nIw Dbsc BIm-i- nÂ sN¶-t¸mÄ Rm³ DWÀ¶p.-D-®p-\o-ensb thÀ]n-cn-tbn h¶-Xn\mÂ hnc-ln-bm-bn- oÀ¶ Rm³ AXy-[nIw ZpJn-X-\m-bn.-Gsd `b-s¸« Rm³ \c-knw-l-a{´w P]n- p.-A-t¸mÄ B b£n Fs¶ hn«v \ne-hn-fn¨v HmSn-t¸m-bn.

30. Xm§n- m-§n- -Z\p arZp\m amcp-tX-\m-\p-bmtXm

aµw aµw ]p\-c-l-an-ssl-I{X ssZhm-\p-Kp-WymÂ

k½qVw aman-hn-S-a-dn-bn- n- n-Xw-t`m-P-\m`w

]mSn- m-Sn- p-e-cn- ]p-Igpw Kmb-Im\mw hNmwkn

]n¶oSv Cuiz-cm-\p-{K-l- mÂ arZp-hmb amcp-X-\mÂ Xm§-s¸«v Rm³ Chn-tS¡v sImp-h-c-s -«p.-{]- m-X- nÂ {io ]Zva-\m- s\ ]mSn- p-I-gv¯p¶ Kmb-I-cpsS kvXpXn- p-IÄ ZnMvtamlw ]änbF\n¡v Øe-ta-sX¶p hyà-am-¡n- -¶p.

31 tZhw \Xzm `pP-K-i-b\w hmXnÂ amS- nÂ tahnþ¯mhpw s]×m-·n-gn-sbmSp ]ncn-tªsd \odo-Sp-sa-s¶,tahpw ]qhn-Ã-h-\p-ap-S-\n-¡m-e-hpw, sh®n-emhpw,Iqhpw tIme-¡p-bn-ep-a-g-InÂ sXâepw sImâp-sXtÃm

{io]-Zva-\m- s\ \a-kvI-cn- n«,v hmXnÂam-S- n-en-cp¶v hn{i-an-¡p¶ kpµ-cnsb thÀ]n-cn-ª-Xn-\mÂ Gsd a\w s\m´p-I-gn-bp¶ Fs¶ Ima\pw hne-kp-¶-h-k- hpw sh®n-emhpw Iqhp¶at\m-l-c-amb Ipbnepw `wKn-tb-dnb sX¶epw tNÀ¶v sImÃp-I-bp-m-b-tÃm.

32 aps-¡Â¡-s§mcp Xne-I-am-ap-®n-\o-eo-hn-tbmKwsImn- q-a³a-\-kn-P-i-sscÀÖo-hn-Xm-]-¶-sa-s¶,I-t¸mtg I\n-shm-Sp-ap-WÀ¯n- p-WÀ¯nâ \ns¶þ¡n-«n-t¸m-gbn _X! alm-\-µ-a-t`yXn tNX:

ap-bv¡Â¯-d-hm-«nse kpµ-cn-amÀ¡v Xne-Im-b-am-\-bmb D®p-\oenbpsS hntbmKw sImv,Im-asâ ]pjv]-_m-W-§-tfäv ac-W-{]m-b-amb Fs¶ ZÀi-\-am-{X-bnÂ¯s¶ kZbw Dt·-j-Nn- -\m-¡n- oÀ¡p¶ A§sb In«v , Fsâ a\Êv al- mb B\-µs¯ {]m]n-¡p-¶p.

33 ImamÀ¯m\mw QSnXn arX-k-RvPo-h\w t]mw \n\s¡þtâmaÂs -×m³ angn-IÄ aZ-\m, tXdnt\mw R§-sf,âmÂ\otb thWw \c-h-c, hnsc,-sª-§Ä hmÀ¯m-ap-WÀ¯nþ¡mam-]¶mw If- -K-a\mw t]män, t]mäo-Sp-hm-\mbv

N©em£namÀ¡v Ima-\m-bp-tÅmt\ , ImamÀ¯-·mÀ¡v s]s«¶p th arX-k-RvPo-h-\-a{´w \n\¡p hi-am-sW¶v Rm³ Icp-Xp-¶p.-A-Xn-\mÂ- Fsâ hmÀ¯sb Ima-]o-Un-X-bmb Bkpµ-cnsb Adn-bn¨v Ahsf c£n-¡phm³ cmPmth \o Xs¶ thWw.

34 FâmÂ \o t]mbvhS-a-Xn-c-bnÂs¨³dpIp-®p-\oenþsamsâdmtâ a -cn-X-a-dn-bn- -tX-äo-Sp-hm\pw\âpw \³dmbvhcnI Xncp-hpÅw \ns\-s¡-¶nse¶pwa³dnÂ IoÀ¯nw aXp-a-X-hn-X- o-Sp-am-Xn- -hÀ½m

c£n-¡p-hm³ BZo-Xy-hÀ½ Xs¶ t]mtb aXn-bmhq F¶-Xn-\mÂ \o t]mbv hS-a-Xn-c-bnÂ(I-Sp- p-cp- n) sN¶v D®p\oensb Iv Fsâ AhØ Hs¶m-¶mbn Adn-bn¨v hnizmkw hcp-¯m³ `qan-bnÂ IoÀ¯nsb [mcm-f-ambn ]c- p¶ BZn-Xy-hÀ½mth ,\n-\¡v F¶nÂ I\n-hp-m-Is«. FÃmw \·-bv¡mbn `hn-¡s«.

35 A©mw-]¡w; hc-anXp Xptemw; hmchpw hoc-aute!



\mfpw \nt³d \fn-\-h-\n-X-bv¡-¼t\! ap¼n-teXv!taSw thWm-S-cnÂ aIp-Sta cminbpw; hmK-[o-i³\mem-ta-S- -b-ap-]KtXm- q-Xn-Im-amJytbmK:

hoc-·mÀ¡p auen-bmbn {]tim- n-¡p-¶-ht\! thWm«p cmPm-¡-·mÀ¡p aIp-S-am-bn-«p-Å-ht\!A©mw-]-¡-amb CXv Gähpw t{ijvT-am-Wv.-hm-chpw \Ã-Xv. BZys¯ \mfmb AizXnbpw \¶v.cminbpw taS-am-Wv. hm¡nsâ Imc-I-{K-l-amb hymg-am-sW-¦nÂ taS¯nsâ \memw cmin-bmb IÀ¡-S-I- nÂ D¨³ .`q-Xn-Im-aw F¶p-t]-cpÅ tbmKw CXm D]-K-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. bm{Xbv¡v FÃmwsImpw awK-f-I-c-amb aplqÀ¯-am-sW¶v kqN-\.

36 F³dmÂtIÄ¸q hgn-bn-hnsS\n³d¡-S-s¯- -em´wsN³ dmÂ ame-¡p-g-en-IÄ aWn-¡-§pWÀ¯n³dXpw \o;FÃm-taäw \h-c-a-dn-bnt³dmÀ¡p-an³dpÅ-h®wtI«mÂ hm«w a\kn Ipd-bp-s©-¿p-aÀ°m- -cmWn

ip`-ap-lqÀ¯w BK-X-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p F¶-Xn-\mÂ, ChnsS \n¶v atä Aäw-hsc F¯n-t -cp-¶-Xn-\pÅ hgnbpw AhnsS F¯n-bmÂ kpµ-co-c-Xv\-amb Ahsf Adn-bn-t¡ ktµ-ihpw \otI«mepw .FÃmw ZrV-ambn Adn-bp-¶-hÀ¡v ,b-YmÀ°-ambn tI«mÂ a\-Ênsâ £oWw Ipd-ªp-In«pw. Imcy-kn-²n-bp-mIpw .

37 \m`o-]ßw \nJn-e`ph\w Rmdp s]bvXm-·-tbm\nw,\mtK-{µ-t·Â _X! aXp-a-X- -Ån-sImÅpw ]ncms\\mKm-cm-[n-²z-P-s\, \hcw ap¼nÂ \o Ip¼n-tSpw\mÂth-X- n³ ]c-a-s]m-cpfmw \½ptS X¼n-cms\

kIe temI-s¯bpw krjvSn- n«pw Bß-tbm-\n-bmbn ØnXn sN¿p-¶-ht\ A\- -\nÂ lnX-I-camw hn[w ]Ån-sIm-Åp¶ X¼p-cms\, \mK-i-{Xp-hmb Kcp-U³ sImSn AS-bm-f-am-bn-«p-Å-h-t\,\mep thZ-§-fp-sSbpw ]c-a-s]m-cp-fmb \½psS X¼p-cms\, \nÝ-b-ambpw BZy-ambn Ip¼n-S-Ww.

38 the-s -®n³ap-e-bnÂ acphpw Nµ-\m-tam-Z-ctayNme- oäw s]cp-In-bp-cpIoSnsâ hnizw- -cmbm:tIme¡®n³ ap\ I\-a-Iw-]p¡p \n³ amÀhnÂ aµw\oe-¡-ÃmÂ hne-kn\ aWo-Iu-kvXp`w shÂhp-XmI

e£vao-tZ-hn-bpsS ape-bnÂ acp-hp¶ Nµ-\- nsâ kpKÔw sImv lrZy-amb A§-bpsS amdnÂAXy´w tIm]w hfÀ¶v sh´p-cp-Ip¶ `qao-tZ-hn-bpsS at\m-l-c-amb I¬ ap\ I\s¡ A§-bpsSDÅn-te¡v Xd- p-I-b-do«v Aev]mev]w \oe-¡-Ãmbn {]tim- n-¡p¶ IukvXp`w Pbn-¡-s«.

39 £ocmw-t`m[u `pP-K-h-c\mw sa¯-ta-e-Xyp-ZmcwXmcmÀam-Xn³ IpfpÀap-e-bpKw ]qp ]qÀ®m-\p-cmKw]mtc-gn¶pw XpbnÀ Ipd-h-d-t¸m-¡p-hm³ ]Ån-sImÅpwImcp-Wym-_vt[, Xh-]-Z-bpKw ]ß-\m- m, sXmgntâ³

]mem-gn-bnÂ kÀ -t{i-jvT-am-Ip¶ sa¯-bnÂ e£vao-tZ-hn-bpsS IpfpÀap-e-IÄ hÀ²n¨ t{]a-t¯msS ]pWÀ¶v Ggp-tem-I- n-sâbpw Zp:Jw A\yq-\-ambn CÃm-Xm-¡p-hm³ thn ]Ån-sIm-Åp¶ Imcp-Wy-k-ap-{Zta ,]-ß-\m- m, A§-bpsS Xr¸m-Z-§Ä Rm³ hµn-¡p-¶p.

40 ao\mbvthZm³, Ia-T-h-]pjm aµ-cw, ]³dnbm-bv]mÀ,\mIm-[oiw \c-l-cn-cpNm amän-\m-am-Wn-bmbpw`q`r{Z-£-Êp-c-cn-]p-Ipew cma-\mbv IrjvW-\mbpwsh³dm, shÂhm Ine PK-ZnZw Iev¡n-bmbpw \akvsX

ao\m-bn«v thZ-§-tfbpw ,IqÀ½-cq-]- nÂ aµ-c-]ÀÆ-X-t¯bpw hcm-l-am-bn«v `qan-tbbpw \c-knw-l-ambpw hma-\-\mbpw Ah-X-cn¨v tZth-{µ-t\bpw \o c£n- p.-]-c-ip-cm-a-\mbpw {iocm-a-\mbpw {ioIr-jvW-\mbpw Ah-X-cn¨v bYm-{Iaw `q`r- p-¡-tfbpw cmh-WmZn cm£-k-·m-tcbpw kpc-i-{Xp-¡-fmb ssZXy-·m-tcbpw \o Pbn- p.Cu temIs¯ \o IÂ¡n-bmbpw Pbn-¡p-a-tÃm.-A-t§¡p \a-kvIm-cw.

41 \oe-kv\nKv²w KK-\-X-eamw an¡-taÂ¡-«n-X³ Iogv



]memÀsh-Å- n-c-\nc Xcw-tNÀ¶ t`mKo-{µ-t`mtKamÀÆnÂ X§pw aWn-h-c-a-lm-Zo-]ntI ]qhnÂam-Xnþt¶maÂ ]qWv]mbv sXfn-hnÂ hnekpw `mKy-ko-a³ \akvtX

\oehpw kv\nKv²-hp-amb BIm-i-am-Ip¶ anI¨ taÂ¡-«n-bpsS IognÂ, ]mem-gn- n-c-IÄ¡pXpey-amb A\- -i-co-c- nÂ,amÀÆnÂ X§p¶ t{ijvT-c-Xv\(-Iu-kvXp- w) amIp¶ al- mb Zo]-Im- n-bnÂ,e-£van-tZ-hn-bpsS at\m-l-c-amb B -c-W-ambn sXfnªp {]Im-in-¡p¶ ]c-a- m-Ky-hmt\At§¡p \a-kvIm-cw.

42 h{P-{Iq-ssc³¶-J-c-in-J-sscÀ±m-cntX ssZXy-ho-cþ·mÀÆn- -§p-s¶-Snb IpS-cmÂ NmÀ¯p-a-½qÀ¯n-Xs¶`à-{Xm-W-{]-h-W-N-c-Wmw-t`m-cplw \mc-knwlw]ns¶-¡p-¼n-«-cp-fpI ktJ, sX¡n-t\Â¯-¼n-cms\

\c-knw-l-aqÀ¯nsb hÀWn-¡p-¶p.-h-{Pm-bp[w t]mse {Iqc-§-fmb \Jm-{K-§Ä sImp]nfÀ¡-s¸« ssZXy-ho-c-\mb lnc-Wysâ amÀÆnÂ X§pw (amdp ]nfÀ¶v)-s\-Snb IpSÂam-esbNmÀ¯p¶ B aqÀ¯nsb, à-·msc c£n-¡p-¶-XnÂ kaÀ°amb ]mZ-]-Zva-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb sX¡n-\n-bn-epÅ `K-hm-\mb \c-knw-ls¯ ]n¶oSv Ip¼n-«m-epw.

43 t`Zm-t`-Z-{]-WnX ]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-km-K-am\mwtIZm-c-s¯- n-c-a-Sn-sXm-gp-tâmÀ¡p Nn´m-a-Wnw, XwthZw \mem-¡n\ ap\n-h-cw, hniz-th-Zm- -thZyw]mZmw-t`mtP sXmgpI Xckm hoWp kÀÆmw-K-\mY

AÃtbm kÀÆmw-K-\mYm þ t`Zw At`Zw F¶n-h-sImv {]Kp-Wn-X-amb ]pcmWw ,C-Xn-lm-kw, thZw F¶n-h-bvs¡Ãmw hnf-\n-ehpw ]mZw sXmgp-¶-hÀ¡v F¶pw Nn´m-a-Wnbpw ,th--Zs¯ \mem¡n hn`-Pn¨ ap\n-t{i-jvT\pw, hniz- nse FÃm thZm- -im-kv{X-§-fmepw Adn-b-s -Sp-¶-h\pw Bb thZ-hym-ks\ ]mZ-]-ß-§-fnÂ hoWp hµn-¡p-I.

44 hnjz-Ivtk\w {]Y-a-aY \o Zo]-im-em- -cmtfcmaw cmam-\p-P-a]n l\q-a- -at´ hW§n,cXvt\m-Z-©Â I\-I-hn-f- o-a-WvUntX aWvUt] sNþ³dXym-tam-Z-cmÂ sXmgpI hn\-Xm-\-µ\w \µ-kq\pw

]n¶oSv BZy-ambn hnf-¡p-am-S- nsâ DÅnÂ¡m-Wp¶ hnjvWp-hn-t\bpw {iocm-a-t\bpwe£va-W-t\bpw l\p-am-t\bpw ASp- p-sN¶v hW-§n-bn«v , cXv\-§Ä¡p-Xpeyw Xnf§n {]tim`n-¡p¶ s]m³ taÂ¡q-c-sImv Aew-Ir-X-amb aWvU-]- nÂ sN¶v, AXy- -k- p-jvS-\mbn hn\-Xm-\-µ-\-s\bpw (K-cp-U³) {ioIr-jvW-t\bpw hµn-¡p-I.

45 DubÂ¸q-sa- -bnÂ acp-hp-a-¡-®-\m-ap-®n-Xs¶¯mtem-en¨pw Xgp-In-bp-ap-S³ \n³dp sshIm-sX-h®w,NqUm{KwsIm-Wn-a-Xn-sXmSpw hmXnÂamSw ]pd-s¸þ«mcyw hocyw kzb-anh he- n«p \o Ip¼n-S-¼nÂ

Duªm-ense at\m-l-c-amb sa -bnÂ InS-¡p¶ D®n-¡r-jvWs\ Xmtem-en¨pw Xgp-Inbpw\n¶v sshImsX, NqUm{Kw sImv at\-l-c-amb N{µ-_nw-_s¯ sXmS- -¡-hn[w A{Xbv¡ps]m¡-apÅ hmXnÂam-S- n-eqsS shfn-bnÂ h¶n«v hocya Xs¶tbm F¶p tXm¶p-am-dpÅ Bcys\he¯p sh¨v `àn-]qÀÆw Ip¼n-Sp-I.

46 a³dnÂ sNÂhw s]cnb Xocp-ssh-¼m-Sn-bnÂ IqSn-bm-Snþ¡³dnÂ¡q-Sn-s¯-fn-shmSp Ifn- o-Sp-sa³ X¼n-cm-s\,Iptâ-s¡m--§-S-ag XSp- m- n-am(À) hoSp-tXmdpwsN³dm¸mÂss\ ]cp-In-acphpw I®-s\-ss¡-sXm-tgpw

a¶nÂ sFiz-cy-ta-dnb Xncp-h-¼m-Sn-bnÂ eoem-hn-tem-e-\mbn hkn¨v , I¶p-Im-en-I-fp-ambnckn- p-I-fn-¡p¶ Fsâ X¼p-cm-t\..-Ip¶v sImv AS- p-]n-Sn¨p s]¿p¶ ag XS-ªp-\nÀ¯nbpwtKm]-kv{Xo-I-fpsS hoSp tXmdpw sN¶v Ahn-sS-bpÅ ]mepw s\¿pw IpSn¨p Ign-bp¶ B I®s\ssIh-W-§Ww.

47 Imen-¡m-en- -S-hn\ s]mSn- mÀ¯p-sIm-m- -tim`w



]oen-¡-®mÂ IenX-Nn-Ipcw ]oX-Iu-ti-b-hoXwtImepw tIme-¡p-g-ep-an-bepw _me-tKm-]m-e-eoewtImew \oew Xh \nb-Xhpw tImbnÂ sImÄsI-§Ä tNX:

Imen-I-fpsS Ipf-¼-Sn-bnÂ\n-¶p-b-cp¶ s]mSn-]-S-e- mÂ {]tim- n-Xhpw abnÂ]o-en-¡-®p-IÄ AWnª Xe-ap-Sn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw ,a-ª- «p [cn- n-«p-ÅXpw Imen-Isf tabv¡m-\pÅ tImepwat\m-l-c-amb thWphpw ssII-fnÂ hln- n-«pÅ _me-tKm-]m-esâ eoem-hn-em-k-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb\nsâ \oe-\n-d-apÅ icocw Fsâ a\-ÊnÂ \nXyhpw IpSn-sIm-Å-s«.

48 Fâoh®w sXmgpXp hnS-bpw-I-n-\n¡pw \ns\¡pw\³dpw \·-bv¡-g-sImSp `hm-\p-®p-\o-en-¡p-taäwH³dn¶pw \o \c-h-c, he- n-«p-sIm-§p t\tcsN³dmÂ Ip¼n-«p-cpfp Icp-Wm]m{Xamw t£{X-]mew

F¶n-{]-Imcw sXmgpXv , bm{Xbpw tNmZn¨v F\n¡pw \n\¡pw D®p\oen¡p-saÃmw Gähpw\·-bv¡p-thn AÃtbm \c-hc! \o H¶p-IqSn he- p-h¨v t\sc sN¶v Icp-Wm-]m-{X-amb t£{X-]m-es\ Ip¼n-Sp-I.

49 sshIpWvTw \o henb_en-]o-tTm]IWvT¯nÂ t\tcIp¼n-«-¼nÂ¸p-\-c]n ktJ, {]mÀ°-b³ hmRvOn-XmÀ°m³k¼Â{]m]vssXy hncshmSp ]pd-s -s«-gp-¶-Ån-Zm\owN¼Â¡p³dn³ s]cp-a-I-hcpw tKm]p-tc-Wm-]-tcW

\o henb _en-¡-Ãnsâ kao]w sN¶v hopw hnjvWp-hns\ àn-tbmsS Ip¼n«v, CjvS-Im-cy-§sf {]mÀ°n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn, k¼Xv {]m]vXn-¡p-th-n, s]m³ \ndw ]q tacp-]ÀÆ-X¯nsâhep- s¯ AXn-i-bn-¡p¶ ]Sn-ªmtd tKm]pcw hgn thK- nÂ shfn-bnÂ Cd§n Fgp-¶-Åp-I.

50 At¸mÄ apev]m-S-W-b-h-gntaÂ¡m-Wemw tX he- þ§p¸q-s¸¶pw \nP-k-l-N-co-ap- -\-t`yXn hmamw;XnÀ¸m¸q ap -gIp s]mgnbpw hoc, awK-ey-iwkoapÂ¸m-S- mÂ Ina]n N hew-]m«p ]mSpw hnbm\pw

At¸mÄ(-tKm-]pcw hn«n-d-§p-t¼mÄ)-ap-¼nÂ hgn-bpsS kao-] v ,A-§-bpsS he-Xp-h-i-¯mbn,D v, D v F¶p i_vZn-¡p¶ kpµ-cn-bmb Xsâ kl-Nm-cnsb B¬ ]£n-bmb D¸³ kao-]n-¡p-¶Xp ImWmw.-ap-¼nÂ¯s¶ Zqsc-bmbn awK-f-am-iw-kn-¡p-amdv a[p-c-amb hnP-b-Km\w Be-]n-¡p¶ Ipbn-en-t\-bpw, AÃtbm Xr¸m- pÀap¸p hmWp {]tim- n-X-\mb hocm At§¡p ImWmw.

51 hoWm-hmWow hSn-hn-s\m-Sn-S- -§-Sp- p-®n-bm-SoþtaWm-¦¶pw sNdpXp Ipd-hm-¡n³d h{àm-c-hnµmwHmW-t¼mte hnc-hn-se-gp-s\Ån³d \nt·Â¯Zm\owImWmw Xqsh-×p-dp-hÂa-e-cmÂ XqIn tahn³dhmdv

52 ]ns¶-s¸m-¶n³saXn-b-Sn-I-gn- §p XnÂ¡-tc-dnþ¡¶-¡-®mÀ a\-kn-P, aXn-s¸« tk\m-k-taX:]p¶- q-hn³ ]cn-a-f- rXm amcp-tX-\m-\p-bmsXmaps¶-¡m-Wm-an-b-hn-X-hnb \sS-¡mhp \o ]n¶n-tSYm:

53 ]mepw s\¿pw ]c- r-X-Kncmw hoSp-tXmdpw IhÀt¶mþtcmaÂss -XÂ¡nf-b-fnbn Rms\³dp sNÃn³dt]mte]mtc-gn¶pw {]Y-a-P-\\ow ]mÂ¡p-f- nÂ¡-fn¡pwtZho-tahw sXmgpI Znhn-j-tZz-jn-hn-tZz-jnWow Xmw

54 taXns¨mÃp-Å-kp-c-\n-hlw ]mcnÂ\nt³dän-amänþ¸mXn-s¸t«m Nne Znhn-jZmw ssa hfÀ¯pw acp-t¶,ImXn- m¼pw I\-I-cp-NnXw tXmSbpw tNÀ¯p-NmÀ¯pwamX, ÈoX-Zyp-Xn-I-e-b-Wn-ªw-_n-tI, ssI sXmgnt³d³

55 t\tc sNâmÂ {]nb-k-J, hnsc-ªw-_p-cm-ti-cp-Zmcw



Xocw-ImWmw ]pI-gvs]m-en-shgpw hoc(À) tImt\, XZm\owHmtcmtâ \nâ-Xp-an-Xp-ap-S³sNmÃn sshIn- -sXÃmwt]mcmtXm ImW-Jn-e-a-dnbpw \ns¶m-So-\m-«nÂ\nâ v

56 kXzw, Kw`o-c-X, hnSn-hn,-¼m-Sp, cXv\m-I-cXzwaäpw ]mÀ¯mÂ Xph-Kp-W-KWw tNÀs¶gpw hmcn-cminX¶nÂ X§pw Xpc-K-in-Jn\m l´ sh -än-Sn-tâm³at\y X¶mÂs]-cn-sIm-cp-]-Po-hn-Xz-an-ÃmÀ¡p-sa³dv

57 apw-am³t\Àan-gn-I(Ä) aZ-\m, a·-Ym-cm-Xn-X-s¶þ¯³sIm-Ã- n-s¶m-cp-Xn-e-I-ta, Xn¦ÄNqSpw ]ncms\Im¬aq-]n-s¶-¡-a-e-h-\n-X-bv¡-¼-t\, \n³h-b-t¼þcmfpw Imfo-]n-X-c-sa-Xn-cn-ÃmX awK-ey-IoÀt¯!

58 B\-t¯mtem sImSn-b-hn-jtam shÅtam shsÅ-ent¼mamt\m ao\-²z-P-Np-S-ebmw I®n-emÀ¡n³d Xotbm\otdm thsd ]sd-InÂ ae-am-Xn¶p \n³ssa I\-¡þ¡pd-hm-s\m³dn\n-b-XXp sNmtÃXp ioXmw-ip-aute!

59 iwt`m, KwKm-[-c, Kncn-kp-Xm-\m-Y, ioXmw-ip-au-te,Imam-cm-tX, lc lc Ptb,-Xyp- -ssI-cp- -t\cw]qPm-Imew Ign-bp-a-f-hp-½qÀ²v\n _²m-RvP-enkvXzwhmgv¯n-¡p-¼n-«-cp-fn-apZm X¼q-NpSpw ]ncms\

60 amXw-Km\mw Ic-]-cn-K-fÂtkz-Z-kw-kn-à-iotXamI-µm\mw XW-enÂ aW-enÂ Ip©n- nÝe-©m-emss{K:]n¦m-teIw IpSn-e-in-Ynew ]¿ th¨n-«n-Zm\ow\n{Zm-bt´ Xh hSn-shgpw hmPnt\m cmP-knwl!

61 C°w sshXm-fn-I-\p-Xn-Kn-cm-a- cm bman-I-·mþct¸mgv h¶n-«-apXp s]men-hm³ Ime-am-th-Z-tbbp:XnÀ¸m- q-¡ns³dmcp-Xn-e-Ita! \o Ign- -§-sXÃmat¸mtg t]mbv s]mgnbp-ap-X-e-bm-e-¦nXw ]n¶n-tSpw

62 tImew tImepw Nh-cn-\n-Icw hob-ho-b- -Zm\ow\oe- o-en- -g-IÄ \ngem a¶-sS-¡m-hn-eqsS]mepw tX\pw sXmgp-X-sam-gn-am(À) auen-bm-ap-®p-\oenwNme-¡m-½m-\p-g-dpI ktJ, ]p¯nSw ap¶n-teXv

63 tNmWm-sS-Ãm-½p-f-Ip-]n-cn-b-t¨m-gn-sb-¡m-Sp-N- m³thWm-«n-¡p- n-cn-a-a-gnbpw sh¨n-bqÀs¨³dXptmNmW-Iy-¶o-]-d-h-Xp-Xn-I- m- -\q-cÂ¡-aptmamWm-¡n-¶m-s©-dp-ass\ aW-¡m-Sp-t]m-Im-bvInÂ \³dv

64 B¨³tN-e-¡n-g-b-g-In-sXm-«- n-bm-c- p -Xn³dmÄXp¨oew \o ]d-h-Xp-I-\n-¡m-«n-\ptm {]tabwF¨n-t¨mdpw hnd-Ip-a-Sntb t\cp-thmcpw InS-§qÀX¨w-ImtS hcn-I-X-Sn-b-t¼m-In-sem-Ãm-ªp-XnÃ

65 C -s¸m¶p¡n\n-b-e-g-i-Ã- tc \mbn-\mtcmi - -¼m-S-hlf-g-i- nÅ ipWvUmw-Kn-sIm-mÀamb-tÊm-Zo-a-e-l-k-I-W-¡p-p-tImÀÖn-«-ssIt\Xp½-kw-tL-ap-k-c-a-Zlpw In-t\-km-¡p-XmIm

66 Fâo-h®w ]gn-IÄ]-dbpw `mj-_-Ô-§-sfÃmw



Hs³dmtâ tI«p-Zn-X-l-kn-Xw, tXmg, t\tc \S-¶mÂI³dpw Ip³dpw ]ncn-bp-an-f-am³I-®n-amÀam-c-t\, \oa³dnÂNme- p-I-gvs]m-en-shgpw hev¡-se-s¨ÂI ]ns¶

67 Ipµ-kvta-cm-\-\-a-Xn-apZm cpÜnWo sIm¦-bn-t·Â\nµn- oSpw \c-I-a-Y\w \µ-tKm-]ky kq\pw,aµw aµw a[p-c-a-[pcw thWp-am-Iq-P-b- w,hµn-t¡Ww hc-Kp-W-\n-t[, hev¡-se- -¼n-cms\

68 thtK\ Xzw hSn-hnÂ \S-sIm-§p apÂ¸mSp tahpwImfow tZhow sXmgpXp ]ngbpw ]ns¶ \o ]n¶n-em¡ntImfw-_mJymw \nP-Ip-e-]pcow Iq]-[m-co-iz-cmWmw\msfm³dpt¡ kap-Zm-b-hXow Im¬I kÀÆmw-K-\mY!

69 Gjm `qjm-a-Wn-cnh `pthm l´! thWm-SÀtIm\pw\obpw ]men- -]-K-X- bw hÀ²nXm \mfnÂ \mfnÂCt{µm-t]{µ £]nX ZnXn-tPm-]-{Z-hm-aZy at\y\mWn-¡n-tâm-f-a-c-\-Kcow \ma-am-{Xm-h-tijmw

70 sNm¦pw N{¼-Wm-bn-ap-S-\p-S³ h¶ tNmWm-S\pw sImþm{Im-a´o Pe-[n-a-Jnew \n¶psS IoÀ¯n-t]mses]m·m-Sm\mw aWn-a-Ip-Samw \mhp-sIm-s- n-em¡nIqS-¡q-S-¡-S-enÂ apgp-In- w-_p-Pm³ tJZ-b´o

71 cay-{io-a-¶-b-\-kp- Kw aäp-tamtcm ]ZmÀ°m¶m«mÀ hÀ®n- Xp ]p\-cnZw tIhew sImÃ-saâ vF³dmeo-tI-gp-e-InepanXn-s¶m- -an-sÃm³ddo- m\vsXmÃw sImÃw `h-Xp-\n-Xcmw ]ns¶bpw sImÃ-tah

72 hoWm-hm-Wow, hn]p-e-P-L\mw, Xm{a-_nw-_m-[-tcmjvTow,£oWmw-a-t²y, Ink-e-b-ar-Zp-kv\n-Kv²-ap-Kv²mw-K-tc-Jmw,]qWmÀsIm-¦-¡-e-i-\-anXmw an¡ shÅqÀ hnf§pw\mWow ImWmw hgn-bn-ep-St\ h¶p-\n-ev¡n³dhmdv

73 hmcn-t¸m-¡n, ¸g-hp-a-Sbpw N¡bpw \ev¡-cn¼pwtacp-¡p³dn³ ]cn-Np, acphpw _meIw N{µ-aute:aqcn- n-t«-¡-gIp s]mgn-bn-¡n³d amXw-K-h{àw

Nmc-s¨³d§-Sn-a-e-cnÂho®-RvPkm ssIsXm-tgpw74 t\sc ]ns¶ {]nb-k-J, ]\-§m-h-\- n-¶-Iw-]pþ

¡mcm-hw-sIm--Jn-e-P-KXmw ss`chow ss`chow Xmw,\ocmÀ¶oSpw Icn-ap-InÂ \nd-sIm \n³ aqe-Xmsbt¡mcn-t¨m-cn-¡-SÂ ]cn-Ip-a-¡m-fn-sb, ss¡sXm-tgpw

75 At¸m-gm-Xn- -]p-c-a-a-cn³d -s\-ss¡-h-W§nþ¯nÀ¸m- q-¡ns³dmcp Xne-I-ta, \o \S-t¸m-cp-t\cwXm\- n-¶mbv XZ\p Npg-e- p¡p tkhn¨p \ns¶þt¸mta `«m-c-WÀ Ine hn]-£m-knIm: ]qPy-]mZm:

76 AÀ°n-t{i-Wn-¡- n-a-X- ew \evIp-hm³ ]mcn-PmXwhnZzÂ ]ßm-I-c-Zn-\-Icw, hniztemssI-I-Zo-]w,apäp-¡qSpw s]cnb ]c-N-t{Ijp N{Im-b-am-Ww,Iä-¡mÀa³]p-cn-Ip-g-en-amÀam-c-s\,-¡m¬I ]ns¶

77 the-s -®n-¶-g-Ip-s]m-gnbpw I®-s\, t¸mcnÂ amämÀ



aqe- nt¶ apSn-hn-s\mcp ap¡-®-s\, ¸pWy-IoÀt¯!thcn-s¨m-ÃmÀ a\-knP! IbÂ¡-®-s\,s¨³dp t\tctImcn-ss¡- q- p-S-\n-c-hn-hÀ½m-Jy-th-Wm-SÀtIms\

78 Akva-ZzmÀ¯mw apgp-h-\-dn-bn- n¨p am¼-Ån-sb-s¡mþev]kvtacmÂ \an-X-h-Z\w hoc, \nevt]mcp-t\cwapt¶ \½nÂ¡-\n-hp-I-\-ap-m-I-bmÂt¸m-I-t]m-sIþ³dt¶ \nt¶m-S-h-\-h-\n-]m-sse-I-hotcm hncªv

79 cXv\-t{imWo I\-I-\n-Nbw ImgvN-bpw-h¨p Im×m³an¶n-¡qSpw ]p\-c-dn-Intem \mhn-Im\mw \nImbwAt¸mtg \o \c-h-c, ]pd-s¸«p aqh- n-t\cwap - n-¡Â Npg-e-a-cphpw hmWnbw Im¬I ]ns¶

80 X«w I«nÂI-bdp he ssI¡-«nÂ a©«n sIm«þs½m«pw ap«nÂ¡-c-bp-a-cnbpw s]«nbpw ]«p-\qepwBSpw NmSpw IpSbp-a-Sbpw ]ªnbpw apª-thcpw\qdpw tNmdpw Npd-bp-a-dbpw Imcn-cp¼pw Icn¼pw

81 Iqc³ tNmg³ ]ghcn Id-s¡m-§Ww sh®-I-®³tamS³Im-S³ Ipdp-h-sIm-Sn-b³ ]¦n-s]m-¦m-fn-sN-s¶ÂB\-t¡m-S³ Infn-bnd I\-§m-cn-b³ hochn- ³ImWmw aäpw ]e-hn-[-ap-S³ s\Ãp IeymW-IoÀt¯

82 tImem-aq-§³ NpdIp sImgp-ao³ sIm©p ]¼mS ]p·o³tNÀao-\m-cÂ NpdIp Icn-ao³ sImÂao-\-§n-InIqao³ tNÀao-\-bnse sRcn-ao³ Nqf-IÄ ]mf-\- ³aäpw ao\n³\n-c-I-f-hn-sS-¡m-Wemw hnev¡p-amdv

83 Gew tImew ISpIp XIcw Ipń-cn-¡p- n-cn¡wtNm\- pÃpw NpIn-ep-a-Ipepw \mInew Xp¯n-\mIwXo¼q-I-©m-hp-ep-h-hn-Sbw am©n-a-s©«n sIm«wNmXn-¡mbpw ]e-hp-a-hn-sS-¡m-Wemw tX acp¶pw

84 IkvXq-cn-s¡m-n-cp-]-Xp-]Ww I¯n-sIm-p-Ån-Xm\o]p¯q-cnt¡m ]pSh? ]pd-sa- pp \n³ ssIbnÂ an¨w?]t¯m-I-q-]-cnN]\n-\oÀ aäp-ap-t¶-Xp-\Ãq,Ipt¯m-Im-sNm³dnXn-\p-X-c-am-s©m-Ãq-\o-Im-cn-tXhm

85 N¡n-¶p-tm-]-cn-N-Xp-h-\q- -¡-Sn-s¡«p ImNpþt¡mÂsImtm anf-Ip-X-c-In-¶-¡-Sm-\-¼n-bmSnNn¡m-WntÊm Zpl-\p-in-Xn-tbm-]m-cn-Xm-bm-sc-tbtbmIpt¡m-Ip-ÖoIpfncn-Ip-\n-b-ÊlvanXp-lvta- -Wml

86 C°w hnev¡pw hnhn-[-hn-]-Wn-{Z-hy- m-jm-hn-ti-jm³Ipw tI«pw ]gIn apgp-h³ IuXpIwhn«p \o t]mbv,Nnń-t¨äw aa kl-Ncow thK-hm-\m-Inepw sNþ³dń-¡m-ew, \c-hc, Icn- q-¡fw ]qI ]ns¶

87 At¸m-fp-ZyÂ¡p-fpÀa-Xn-ap-Jo, taL-cm-Km-[-tcm-jvTo,Npg- mgpw Xnan-c-Nn-Ip-cm, Nmcp-Xm-cm-{i-amw_p:In©nÂ¡mWmw Ipap-Z-l-kn-Xm, \q\-sa-¶p-®p-\oenwIma-{Io-Um-c-k-hn-ep-fn-Xmw-X-s¶-b-t\z-Xn-kÔym

88 Ań-t¯-hm-c-hp-a-i-\hpw imÀh-c-©m-]n-IrXzm



_Ôp-kvt\-lm-Zn-Z-a-]-\-b³ \n{Zbm bm\-tJZwknÔp-Zzo-]w-{]-Xn- b-Zp-]tX, t]mh-Xn-s¶m«p cmthhµn-t{iWo a[p-c-h-N\w tIs«-gp-t¶Â¡ ]ns¶

89 IqsS- n-s¶-¡pfn hb-d-bn-«§p tXhm-chpw ]pþ¡oSn-¡qSpw ZznP-]-cn-th-jtZ \nXy-Zm\w hn[mbtIS-äoSpw KpW-K-W-\n-t[, Nmcp-am-]m-cXw tIþt«mSn-s¡m--§-g-In-se-gp-\-Åo-Sp-kw-{Km-a-[oc!

90 ]ns¶- mÀtiz ]pXnb s]mgnbpw tXmg, ]qss¡-Xbpw \o]n¶n-«-¼nÂs¯m-gpXp hgn-taÂ ]·-s\-¡-¼n-cms\Nn¶- mÀ¯n³ Ipc-enÂ apcfpw Imfhpw sIm¼p-saÃmwap¶nÂs¯m§pw ]S-sb-d-I-S-¶oSp It³dän ]ns¶

91 tXSn-s¡m-tm³dg-In-e-e-cn-I- -¿Âa-¿mÀ¶ I®nþt«m,-S- mÀ¯nÂ Npg-e-hn-Xdpw ap¯p-sIm--Xyp-Zm-cw,thS-¡m-«n³ ]cn-N-g-sI-g-s -§p-a-s¯-§p-sIm-þ§oSn-¡qSpw \nJn-e-hn- hw aq¶n-te-tXm-S-\mSv

92 AÀ°-{]m]vssX I\-a-Sn-Ip-fpÀtÊm-a-h-Xv]o-Un-Xm\mwh¨p-¶oÀh- p-Xphp ]n_Xmw tIhew hmhÂt]mte_n{`m-Wm\mw hng-ap-Xn-c-h-Xv¡- n-taImw ZznPm\mwImWmw apev]m-Sn-Sbn-en-S-bnÂ X{X tZim- -cmWn

93 Xkvan³ Imb-¦p-f-h-c-fth ap¡-cn¡ndpXm-InÂ]mn-s¡-«m-ep-]-K-X-an-sX³dm¯-tIm-]m-Ip-em£:hoc-{io-a-·p-Ip-c-ap-S-hmÄ \osb-Sp- m-\-Sp-¡þt¸Sn-¡nt³d³ hgn-bn-e-Xp-sIm-sm«p sshIo-Sp-sa³dv

94 GWm-£oWmw Ipe-Xn-e-I-a-ap-®p-\o-en¡p hmWmÄ\oWm-fm-hm³ \ncp-]-a-Kp-W-{Km-a,-th-tK\ t]mt¼mÄ_mWm-tc-kvXXv`h-\-bp-Kfw ]n¶n-en-«§p sN³dmÂImWmw Imb-¦p-f-anXn IpfpÀ¯o-Sp-a-§m-Sn-Xs¶

95 ]qs´m-s¯¶pw IpfpÀape Npa-t¶m-aÂ h{àw hW§nIn©n- -©-·-[p-]-h-N\w sImp sImmSn aµwamÀ¤m-]mt´ aeÀ\nc sNmcn-ª-¶-S-¡m-hn-se-§pwhÃo-_m-e- -cp-Wn-I-fp-S³ ImWemw \nev¡p-amdv

96 hn§n-s¸m-§n- n-X-dn-\-a-eÀt¯-dÂ ]oXzm-ab§n,X§n- -§n- -cp-Wn-IÄ apse-¡p³dpss -cp-d§n,Xn§n- n-§n- p-g-e-h-cn-h-n--bmw, In-bq-cnÂþ¸§n- -§n- -cn-a-f-sa-gpw, sX³d(Â)-hobpw XZm\ow

97 Iä-¡mÀa-¦p-g-en-I-sfmtcm cmK-t`Zw ]pWÀ¯oþ«nän-tämepw a[p-c-k-abw Nn´p-]mSpw Zimbmwapäw tXmdpw Infn-I-f-Xn-s\-t¡-«n-cp-¶-I-Wt¡apäpw ]mSn³dS-abn kt-J, aä-a-t§-Xp-]ns¶

98 X«m³]qÀÆw hgn-bn-e-g-ImÀ¶-¼ew ap¶n-ep-þs§mt« sshIo-Sn-ep-a-hnsS \n³d¼n-e§mSnbq-tS,XoÀXzm-]mew \r]-h-c, het¯ \S-¶n-Â Xocþ¯mÀamXpw acp-hp-a-hnSw In-bqcmw {]tZiw

99 Iw hn³\n-d-ap-S-b-s\,-¡-¦-\o-tcmSp Xn¦Äþ



¨pw NmÀ¯pw ]c-s\, hc-am-Xn¶p ssa ]mXn-tbms\,apw at\Â¡-c-s\,-b-c-s\,-¡-¼n-]m-¼m-¡n-tbm-s\þ¡t t]mhm³ Xc-a-hnsS \o In-bqÀ¯-¼n-cms\

100 amtädpw \Â¡-\-I-I-eiw sh³d t]mÀsIm¦-Xm-§nþ¡mtäm-SmSpw \fn-\-an-gn-bmÄ t]m¶p-\n³ ap¼nÂh¶ptImtä³ shÃpw samgn-sN-dp-Xp-c-s¨¶ Iq«- n(Â)-\n-s¶þt¸mäo, sshIn- -cp-fp-In-en-\n-s¡m«p hÃm-bva-Nme

101 B«w hÃpw ]cnNp angnbpw sXäp-am-fm-a-Wn-¡o-gvþ¸m«pw tImem-l-e-a-g-sIgpw tImehpw Inw{]-emss]:\m«nÂs¨m-tÃ-dn\ sNdp-I-sc-t -cp-sa-¶p-®n-bmSowho«nÂs -Ãm-bvIn-ep-abn ktJ, Ip-In-«n³dpXpmw

102 hoW-hmWow hSn-hn-s\m-Sp-Sp-t¯m-cp-Im-hn- -Sp- n³tImWmÂ t]mÀa³ ape-bn-W-a-sd- -§n-t\-Xm³ NaªvthWo- mtc Ih-cn-I-f-Wn-ª§p amÀt¤m-]-IWvtTImWmw ap¯q-ä-a-cp-an-f-b- n-¡-bÂ¡-®n-Xs¶

103 ImWmw ]ns¶-¡-a-e-h-\n-Xm-am-\t\ hmNn-hmWowhmt×Â hoc{inb-a-]n-h-ln-¡n³d hnJym-X-IoÀ¯nwXq¬ta-epmw \c-l-cn-\n`w sNs³dXnÀt¸mÀ¡p-\nXywImt×mÀI-®n-¶-ar-X-I-c-\m-tam-S-h-¶mSÀtIms\

104 FÃm-\mfpw \nP-k-ap-Zbw sNmÃn \n{Zm-hn-lo\wZrjvSzm tZhw apc-hn-P-bn\w ]mWvU-h-s¶³dt]mte\ns¶-¡m-Wp-s¼m-gp-Xn-c-hn-hÀ½¶p at\y XZm-\oþs\t¶! ht³dmc-\p- -h-ckw Xs¶bpw taÂh-gnªv

105 B\-µm_v[u apgp-In-ap-gpIn s]m§n \o§n- p-S-§oþt³d\w kw`m-hb bZp-Ip-em-[o-i, kwt`m-P-\mssZy:]Ãn-Ãm-ª-ÃgIps]m-gnbpw t{]a-thKw apgp- m³sImÅp³dqXm-\-cp-W-a-Wnhm X¼ew hÃ- mb:

106 aµw aµ-kvan-X-\n-Icmw Nmcp-I- q-c-cminwt\m¡mw \oe-¡p-h-f-a-ecpw Im -h-s¨³dt]m-te,ImWpw \ns¶- -Z\p Ia-\o-bmw-Knht³dä-a-¼pþtäWm-£oWmw Ipe-aWn Ipdp-§m«phmgp-®p-\oeo

107 an¶pw an¶Âs¡mSn-cnh Nnc-Øm-bn\o ImÀap-InÂ¡o-gvþs¨³d¸q-hmÀIp-gÂ \ng-se-g-t¨À¶ Nmt¼-b-Kuco\ns¶- qWpw \b-\-\n-gÂsIm--¡p-dp-§m« cmwI¶-¡-®mÄ XZ\p I\n-thm-Sp-®p-\oeo keoew

108 \½nÂ¨me-¡-\n-hp-I-\-ap-m-Inepw hoc-auteX½nÂ¡mWpw s]mgp-Xn-c-hn-hÀ½¶p asäm³dp tNX:F³dme-kvaÂ {]nb-an-X-h-s\-¡p sNmÃn- p-sImÄhm³\tÃSw Rm³ IY-a]n hg-§n³dpXm-cq-V-IoÀt¯!

109 F®-äoSpw KpW-k-ap-Zbw tNÀ¶n-W§pw Ipdp-§mþ«p®n- -¡n-¡-SÂh-\n-Xbmw aÂ{]n-bm-t{]-a-_tÔm:IÀ®-t¯mfw s\Snb IpSn-e-¡¬hn-em-k-§Ä \nt·Â]pWy- mÂ hn¶n-S-s]-Sp-Inepw tXmg, sshIm-X-thpw

110 Nmt´mÀt¶Xpw IpN- -c-\-Xmw, Nm¼n-am-gvIn³dt\{Xmw,



]qt -t\mepw a[p-c-h-N-\mw, ]qÀ®-eo-em- n-cm-amw,t]mt¼m-gm-¼Â{]n-b-X-a-ap-Jo-a,-¡p-d-§m«p tahpwNmt¼-bmwKow aln-X-Nn-cp-tX-ho-ap-S³ ImWemw tX

111 ]ntä-¶m-sfm-s«-Xnsc adn-am³I®n-amÀ amc-t\, \oaäw ]n¶n-«n-\n-b-]p-gbpw In-bqtc htcpw;Iä-¡mÀ a¦p-g-en-IÄ N³dpÃ-kn¡pw {]tZiwapä-s -¶n- e acp-I-sc- -¼n-em-tem-I-tbYm:

112 tNma³ Iw NS-bn-e-Wnbpw X¼n-cm-t\m-Sp-thtdIma³ Xt¶m-Sn-\naXn hg-s¡³dnse¶pw henªpwIqa-¼m- ³ a[p-c-h-Nkm t]mÀs]m-cp- o-Sp-taSw\maw sNmÂhm-\-cp-X-hn-Shpw Ip Ip¼n-«p-t]mI

113 XqIpw ]qt´³ ]cn-a-f- cw \¼p-tXmepw \S- m³tahpw Imhpw ]Yn-bp-gdn \o XnÀ¡p-d-n¡p sN³dvtZhw Xkvan³ sXmgp-Xp-h-gn-taÂ\n³dp t\tc \S-¶mÂIqho-S- mÂ ]Yn ]\-b-\mÀImhp awK-ey-IoÀt¯!

114 Is -s¡m-¡-¡-Xn-\s\ apdn- p- -ssIÀ±n-¤-tP-{µmþ\ - t¨m! inhinh! alm-tLm-c-tam-tcm-bp-Km-t´,] -t¨m-cn-¡fn shXp-sh-X-t¡m-cn-bm-c-¡p-Sn-t¨mþsc¨nÂ¯n®w Xh hnb-ZnZw tZhn, Xp`yw \tamkvXp

115 C°w hmgv¯n-s¯m-gp-sX-cn-I-\Â¡-®À I®nÂ X\pPmwat¯-t`-{µm³ Xe-s]m-cp-Xp-S³ ImXn-en-«-½-Xs¶DÄ¯qÀs¶§pw aI-c-\n-hlw tXmg, \nÂ¡n³dXpw IþXym-tam-Zme ]p\-cbn ktJ, ]mehpw ]n¶n-tSYm:

116 apÂ¸m-S-kvan³ ac-hp-a-N-e-s -®n-s\-ss¡-h-W-§nþ¯oÀ¸m- qÀ aq¸p-Sb aShmÀam-c-t\, \o hnsc-ªv,Ft¸mgpw \n¶p-Sa IcpXpw cmbn-c-t£m-Wn-]m-ew,sIev]mÀ¶oSpw aln-X-Nn-d-hm-ho-c-s\, ¡p-t]mI

117 ssIX-¡m-s«-¡p-h-e-b-Zrimw ]m«p-tI-«-§n-cp-¶mÂImew sshIpw s]cn-I, \nc-W- n¶p t]mhm³ hg-t§³F³dmÂ¸m-cnÂ {]Yn-X-Nn-d-hm-bv¡n-Ã-am-sX³Xp-cn- nþ¡qS,-¡q-S-¡-gnI ]g-hmsd³dpsNmÃpw NS§pw

118 hoSp-stÃm XZ-\p- -htXm ap¼n-em-b-Wo-]mÀtaÂamS-¼o-\m-a-hnsS hkXmw [\y-amhpw \nhmkwamSw-sN³d§p-Up-]-Xn-Iemw NqSn amtX-hcm-hm³tXSnt³dSw ]p\-c-hn-sSbpw sNÂI t]mcpw Zimbmw

119 sa¯pw a¯-{`-a-c-ap-Jcmw a¯-amÀ t]mÀap-e-s¯mþ¯nt³daÂ¡-f- -I-b-fn-bnÂs¸m-§p-aw-t`m-cp-lmVymwX¯n- - n-s -dp-Xn-c-I-fnÂt¨À¶-ap-àm-em]wsIm¯n-s¡m-¯n-¡p-cp-InÂ]-cp-I-t¨À¶-Xo-cm- n-cmamw

120 ]ns¶- n-¶n-«aek-eemw Xmw \Zow hmS-ta-t]mþbv¡¶-¡-®mÀ Ipkp-aic, \o hÃ-hm-bv¡-§p-sN³dvD¶n-{Zm-W-{]-k-h-\n-k-cÂt¡-k-tcm-Zym-\-hm-ssXþcp¶n-¡maw aXn-e-I-aIw ]qI `q]m-e-aute!

121 s]mÂ¸q-am-XnÂ Ipfn-cn-f-ap-e-s¯m- n-sem¯n³dtImew



IÀ¸q-cm-]q-cn-X-a-e-bPw NmÀ¯p-am-\-µ-aqÀ¯nwXoÀ¸m- qÀhm-®-arX-I-c-t\, hÃ-hm-bvt¡m-bnÂsIm-Ånþ³d¸³X-s¶-s¯m-gpI ag-tIm-en³d \oemw-_p-Zm`w

122 At¸mÄ \ns¶-s -fn-hn-en-f-a-®n-¡-c-t -cn-aäpwXkvan³ tahpw t]cn-b-a-S-hmÀ h¶p Xm´m³ apXnÀ¶vDZyÂt¡m-em-l-e-ap-]-N-cn-¡n³d k{Xw s]mdp- mþ\¨t¨m ImW-cpXp hgp-Xn-s¡mÄI \o Iui-te\

123 Ip¼n-«-¼nÂ XZ-\p-hn-\Xm\µw Xnte-dnþs¨s¼mÂ¡mfw sXfp-sXf apXnÀ¶w-_-tc-taÂap-g§h¼p-äoSpw ISp-Xg Npg³d§p t\sc \S-¶mÂap¼nÂ¡mWmw ]Yn Icn-b-\m-sS³dp t]cmb Imhv

124 Nqgw hbv¡pw s]cn-b-hn- hw t\m¡n-\m-ep- -tbmfwtImgn-t¡mSpw ]p\-c-Xn-s\tSm sImÃhpw Xpey-a-Ã,Bgn-s¸®pw \nJn-e-P-\hpw sshIn-\mÂ hm§p-a-kvan³,tImg-bvt¡mSpw sNdnb Ipdp-amÀt]m-ep-an-Ã-§p-]ns¶

125 ap¯qäw tNÀ¶-Wn-ape ]ncn-ªpÅ amcm-Xn-tcIwap¯q-än³dq aa ]p\-cX§p®p-\o-en¡p sNmÂhm³ap¯q-än-t¨À¶n-\nb ]pgbpw ]n¶n-en-«-Ô-Kw-Kmþap¯ocy Xzw hnc-shmSp ktJ, \mep-tIm-Sn¡p sNevI

126 ap¡mew sN³dna-b-hÀ sXmgpw XnÀs¡m-Sn- m-\-a-¼nþ³d¡mÀhÀ®³ Nc-W-bp-Kfw Iq¸n t\sc \S-¶mÂsX¡n³Iq-d-§Xp Ign-shmfw ImSn-S¯pw he¯pwant¡-S¯pw ]p\-c-hn-Stam Rm\p-WÀ¯n³dpXnÃ

127 At{K ImWmw XZ\p aWn-I-WvTm-Jy-]qÀhw ]pcw tXsX¡n³Iqän-s¶mcp aWn-hcw X{X-tahpw ]p(-ap)-cmcnw`àym \o sN³dg-sImSp sXmgp-t¶-I-ao-im-\-tImtWXn¡n-t¡Ä¡mw ]Yn-I-\n-hlw \n³dsg-¡n³dhmdv

128 NÀ¨n- mepw Nc-W-a-Xn-\n-¡p--Xn³dpa-kvanþs¶mt«Sw sNmÃ-hn-S-a-cp-X-§-½-sb-t¡-«p-sImÄIsXm«p-×³ Rm³ Xpfp-h-\p-d-ht· ]I-t¶-S-sa§pkZy-¡mcm ]d-b-\-hn[m tImse-Sp-s¡-«p-]mgm

129 Fs³dÃmw tI«-hn-sS-bp-f-\m-am-InÂ \o _nw_-eoiwsh³dn¡p³dns¶mcp Xne-Iamw cma-hÀ½m- n-[m\wIn-t«äw hnc-hnÂ acp-hmÀ Ime-t\, sshIn-bmsXsNs©t½ t]mbv aln-X-Xn-cp-hm-s©- p-sg-¡-§p-sNevI

130 hnt]-{µm-Wm-a- n-P-\-hXmw hmk-k-t¦-X-ko-amþta\mw Pm\p-Zz-bk a[p-c-kz-Ñ-\o-cm- n-cmamwO{X-t{iWo hnc-NnX \S- - -eqtS ISt¶X{X-Xym\mw hnhn-[-a-hn-[m-\m-Zhpw tI«p-sImÄI

131 tNmcn-s -Æm-a-e-cnÂ a[pcmw, Nmen-bnÂt¨À¶p-]q-t´³tImcn- qhpw hN-kn-e-fnXmw, tIma-fmw, awK-fmwKow]mcn-¡m-mw-Ip-f-an-X-a-aÀt¶m-a-se-¡-p-t]m-hm³Nmc- -Ãm-ª-bn-N-c-X-ambv Rm\p-WÀ¯m-ª-X§v

132 Ieym-Wm-_vt[, XZ-\pN Xncn-ª-¿-Sn-t¡-J-äp-am-\qÀ



sNÃmw, sN³dme-hnsS acphpw N{µ-au-enw-h-W§nDuWpw tXhm-c-hp-a-hnsS \ns³dm«p thtK\ IrXzm_mWw-t]mse hSn-hnÂ \S-sImÄI§p thWm-SÀtImt\!

133 ImXw t]mcpw-h-gn, Ipd-I-bn-tÃ-Xp, amt¡m-X-\-Ãq(À)NqXw tXmdpw XW-enÂ hnf-s\Â Im¡p-a-¡-\y-Im\mwImtXmfw \o-kn-X-\-b\w Ip ams\³dp aXzmt]mX-s -×m³ \nI-c-a-cntI sN³dpta-ho-Sp-taSw

134 Iqho-Sn-t·-se-fpXp hgn-bn³d§p ]t-Xn-t\-¡mÄþ¸qho-Snt³dm Nne-X-cp-Ip-tem-Ãmkn ]mÀizm- n-cmawtXÀt]m-thmfw hnSn-hn-en-S-bn-«p-n-S- -Xyp-Zmcwhm]o-Xocw {]Xn-hn-c-NnXw _ow_eo ]me-tI\

135 Nnń-t¸m-½m-d-cn-Ip-e-_ew _nw_-eo-]m-e-Im-\mþań-¡qXpw hncp-Xp-hn-cpXw \ns¶m-Sm-th-Z-tbbp:knÔp-Zzot] P\nX IpXn-c-¡p-©n-bnÂ¡n-©-temem:knÔp-Zzo]w Zzn]-aZ ]cn-ky-µnt\m hµ-amXm:

136 hnkvXm-cmtVy `ph-\-hn-ZntX a¯-am-Xw-K- otaXmcmÀam-Xn³ Ipe-\n-e-bt\ Znhy-c-Xv\m- n-cmtaAwt`m-cmiu XZ\p ]I-tem-s\³dt]mte ktJ, \oawK-eym-_vt[, hS-a-Xn-c-bnÂ sN³dIw]qI ]ns¶.

N¼q-{]-Øm\w

\½psS kmlnXys¯ k¼-¶-am-¡p¶ kp{]-[m-\-im-J-bmWv N¼p-¡Ä.\½psS N¼qimJsb]cnKWn-¡p-t¼mÄ {][m-\-ambpw cp hn`m-K-ambn Chsb Xcw-Xn-cn-¡mw. kwkvIrX N¼p-¡Ä,`mjm-N-¼p-¡Ä F¶n-h-bm-W-h.

kwkvIrX- nÂ Imhy- n\p Zriyw, {ihyw F¶p cp hn`m-K-§Ä Iev]n-¨n-«p-v. {ihy-¯n\p hopw ]Zyw, KZyw, D`bw AsÃ-¦nÂ an{iw F¶v aq¶p]hn`m-K-§Ä Iev]n- n-«p-v. km[m-cW kw`m-j-W- nÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xpw hr¯-an-Ãm- -Xp-amWv KZyw. ]Zy-am-Is« A£-c-¢n-]vXn-tbm, am{Xm-¢n-]vXntbm DÅ ]Z-§-tfmSpIqSn-b-Xm-Wv. Ch cpw IeÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-XmWv an{iw. N¼pan{i-hn- m-K- nÂs -Sp-¶p. KZy-]-Zy-§Ä¡v Ah-bp-tS-Xmb ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw t\«-§-fp-ap-v. ]Zy- nÂA£-c-¢n-]vXntbm am{Xm ¢n]vXntbm DÅ-Xp-sImv hàm-hnsâ CjvSm-\p-k-cWw AXp hen- p-\o-«mt\m Ipdp-¡mt\m km[n-¡p-¶n-Ã. ]t£ kwKo-Xm-ß-IX F¶ KpWw ]Zy-§Ä¡p-v. KZy- n-\m-Is« kzmX{ýw IqSp-X-ep-s-¦nepw kwKo-Xm-ß-I-X-bn-Ã. KZy-]-Zy-§Ä¡pÅ t\«-§Ä Hcp-an-¸n-¡m-\pÅ bXv\- nÂ \n¶mWv N¼q-km-lnXyw DS-se-Sp- -Xv. {InkvXp-hn\p ]n³]v Bdmw iX-I-¯nÂ Pohn- n-cp¶ ma-l³ "i_vZmÀ°u kln-Xu-Imhyw; KZyw ]Zyw NX-Zzn[m' F¶v Imhys¯\nÀÆ-Nn-¡p-Ibpw KZyw ]Zyw F¶v cm-bn- n-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. {In.-]n. Ggmw iX-I- nÂPohn- n-cp¶ ZWvUn-bm-Wv an{iw Fs¶mcp hIp¸v Iq«n-t¨À¯-Xpw "KZy]Zy-a-bn-Im-]n-N-¼q-cn-Xy- n-[otX' F¶p \nÀÆ-N\w \evIn-b-Xpw. N¼p-hnÂ KZy- n\pw ]Zy- n\pw Xpey {]m[m-\y-ap-m-bn-cn-¡-W-sa-¶m-Wv imkv{Xkn²m- w. F¶mÂ km[m-c-W-bmbn N¼p-hnÂ ]Zyw Gdnbpw KZyw Ipd-ªp-amWv ImWp-¶-Xv.

kwkvIrX N¼p-¡Ä

kwkvIr-X- nse BZys¯ N¼p GXm-sW-¶-XnÂ A`n-{]mb hyXym-k-§Ä \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p.hS-¡pw-Iq-dnsâ A`n-{]m-b- nÂ t`mPsâ cmam-bWN¼p-hmWv BZy-t¯-Xv. DÅq-cm-Is« {Xnhn-{I-a- -«sâ \f-N-¼p-hn-\mWv Cu Øm\w \evIp-¶-Xv. Zm£n-Wm-Xy-\mb th¦-S-Ir-jvW³ D¯-c-cm-am-b-Ws¯ Bkv]-Z-am¡n "D¯-c-N¼p' cNn- n-«p-v. cmP-Nq-Vm-aWn Zo£n-X-cpsS "bp²-N¼p' kwkvIr-X- nse Gähpw {lkz-amb N¼p-hm-Wv. F¶mÂ Ch-sbm-s¡bpw kmln-Xy-Kp-W- nÂ t`mP-N-¼p-hnsâ hfsc ]n¶n-em-Wv. N¼q km{am-Py- nse bph-cmP]Z- nÂ A`n-jn-à-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ IrXn



A\- - -«sâ `mc-X-N-¼p-hm-Wv. tImgn-t¡mSv am\-tZ-h³ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS IrXn-bmWv "]qÀÆ- m-cXwN¼p'. tkma-tZ-h-kq-cn-bpsS "bi-kvXn-eIw' N¼p-hmWv kwkvIr-X- nse asämcp {][m\ N¼q-IXn. Hcp hntZ-io-b³ tIc-fs¯ A[n-I-cn¨p cNn- n-«pÅ N¼p-hmWv tIc-fm- -c-Ww. cma-N-{µ-Zo-£n-X-cmWv Cu N¼p cNn- -Xv.

kwkvIr-X- nÂ N¼p-¡Ä cNn-¡m³ XpS-§nb Ime- p-Xs¶ tIc-f- nepw AXnsâ A\p-c-W-\-§Ä {]I-S-am-bn-cp-¶p. tIc-f- n-ep-mb BZys¯ kwkvIrXN¼q Znhm-IcIhn-bpsS Atam-L-cm-Lhw N¼p-hmWv. taev]- qÀ \mcm-bW «-Xn-cn-bmWv kwkvIrX N¼q kmln-Xy- n\p anI¨kw`m-h\\evInb asämcp tIc-fo-b³. cma-]m-Wn-hm-Zsâ `mK-hXw N¼p, AizXn Xncp-\m-fnsâk´m-\-tKm-]m-ew, tIc-f-hÀ½-bpsS lwk-h-[w, sImSp-§-ÃqÀ Ipªp-®n- -¼p-cmsâ _mW-bp²wXpS-§n-b-hbpw tIc-f- n-ep-mb kwkvIrXN¼p-¡-fm-Wv.

`mjm-N-¼p-¡Ä

kwkvIrX kmln-Xy- nÂ\n¶v ae-bmfw ISw-sIm Imhy-im-J-bmWv N¼p. hnhn[ cq]-§-fmb \mS³]m-«p-IÄ, Infn- m-«p-IÄ, B«-¡-Y-IÄ, XpÅÂ]m-«p-IÄ apX-em-b-h-sb-t¸mse mjbnÂA`n-hr-²nsb {]m]n- n-cn-¡p¶ H¶mWv N¼q{]_-Ô-im-J. mjmkmln-Xy- nÂ {]uVnbpw Kmwò-cyhpw ckn-I-Xzhpw XnIª \qX-\-§-fmb ]e A²ym-b-§-fp-sSbpw krjvSn¡p N¼p-¡Ä Imc-W-am-bn-«p-v. k¼-¶-amb \½psS N¼q-im-Jsb {]mNo\w, a²y-Im-eo-\w, B[p-\nIw F¶v hn`-Pn-¡m³ km[n-¡pw.

{]mNo\N¼p-¡Äþ(a-Wn-{]-hmf Imhy-§Ä)

ae-bm-f- n-ep-mb BZys¯ N¼q-Im-hy-amWv "D®n-bö NcnXw'. ]Xn-aq¶mw iX-I-amWv CXnsâcN-\m-Im-e-sa¶v hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. ""tXh³ Nnco-Ip-am³ sNm¶ N¼p-ap-ä-hp-am-Z-cmÂ'' F¶p Imhy-¯nÂ ImWp-¶p. Imhy-Im-csâ t]cv tZh³ {ioIp-am-c³ F¶v AXn-\mÂ \ap¡\pam-\n-¡m³km[n-¡pw. Imhy- nse ]cm-aÀi-§-fnÂ \n¶v hb-\m-SmWv Ihn-bpsS kztZ-i-sa¶pw Duln-¡m-\m-hpw. Xncp-s\-Ãn¡p kao-]-apÅ Xncp-a-cp-XqÀ t£{X- nse \À¯-In-bm-bn-cp¶ D®n-b- nsb ImWm³Hcp KÔÀÆbphmhv `qan-bn-te¡v hcp-¶-XmWv kµÀ`w. hÀ®-\m-{]-[m-\-amWv Imhyw. tZh-Zmko{]IoÀ¯-\-t¯m-sSm¸w ka-Im-enI Pohn-X- nsâ hnUw-_-\-hpamWv Cu IrXn. D®n-böNcn-X- n\p ktlm-Zc Øm\o-b-amb Hcp IrXn-bmWv D®n- n-cp-tXhn Ncn-Xw. CsXmcp N¼qImhy-sa¶v DÅqÀ ]d-bp-¶p-sh-¦nepw ]qÀ®-amb AÀ°- nÂ AXp icn-b-sÃ¶v Cfw-Ipfw Ipª³]nÅNqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. "KZyw JtZym-X-Iev]w Kfn-X-cp-Nn-Xp-S-§nsâ\t¡ \tamkvXp' F¶v Ihn-Xs¶Imhym-cw- - nÂ ]d-bp-¶-XnÂ\n¶v KZy- nÂ \mbn-Im-hÀW\w \S- -W-sat¶ Ihn¡v Dt±-iy-ap-Åq-sh-¶Xv hyà-am-Wv. ]Xn-aq¶mw iX-I- nsâ Aý-L-«-amWv cN-\m-Im-ew. hÅp-h-\m-«nÂs¸«tNmIncw {Kma- nse D®n-b¸nÅbpsS aI-fmb D®n- n-cp-tX-hn-sb- -än-bpÅ aWn-{]-hmfw tI«vC{µ³ Ahsf At\z-jn¨v sNÃp-¶Xpw Ah-fpsS ho«p-]-Sn-¡Â {_mÒ-Wcpw amS-¼n-Ifpw \mb-·mcpw Om{X-·m-cp-saÃmw ]mSp-sI-«n-¡n-S-¡p-¶XpIp aS-§p-¶-Xp-amWv CXnse {]Xn-]m-Zyw.

]Xn-\memw iX-I- nsâ Aý- n-ep-mb Imhy-amWv "D®n-bm-Sn-N-cnXw'. Zmtam-Zc¨mIym-cmWvCXnsâ cN-bn-Xm-hv. D®n-bm-Snsb \mbn-I-bm¡n inh-hn-emkw Fs¶mcp kwkvIr-X-Im-hyhpw At±lwcNn- n-«p-v. {]mhr«v F¶ A]vk-c-knsâ Ah-Xm-c-am-bn-«mWv D®n-bm-Snsb Iev]n¨ncn-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcn-¡Â {]mhr-«nÂ N{µ³ BIr-jvS-\m-hp-Ibpw Ah-tfm-sSm¯p can-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CX-dnªtcmlnWn {]mhr-«ns\ i]n- p. A§s\ AhÄ a\p-jy-Ip-e- nÂ ]nd-¡p-¶p. kpµ-cn-bm-bn-cp¶AhÄ ]{´mw hb-ÊnÂ hoSnsâ D½-d- n-cp¶p ]m«p-]m-Sp-¶p. CXp-tI« N{µ³ amc-Pz-c-]-c-h-i-\mbn ]m«nsâ DÛ-h-Øm\w Adn-bm³ cp Zmk-·msc ]d-ª-b-¡p-¶Xpw AhÀI Imcy-§ÄXncnsI sN¶p N{µs\ Adn-bn-¡p-¶-Xp-amWv Imhy- nse {]Xn-]m-Zyw.

Ch IqSmsX thsdbpw Nne N¼p-Im-hy-§Ä {]mNo\L«- nÂ Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn eoem-Xn-e-I-¯nse DZm-l-c-W-]-Zy-§Ä km£y-s -Sp- p-¶p. ]t£ B {KÙ-§sfm-¶pw-Xs¶ \ap¡p e`n- n-«n-Ã.a²y-Ime N¼p-¡Ä

{io hS-¡pw-IqÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ sImÃ-hÀjw 500 apXÂ 725 hsc ( 1325 apXÂ 1550 hsc)

82



bpff Ime-L-«s¯ N¼p-¡-fpsS kphÀ® Ime-L«w F¶p hnti-jn- n-¡p-¶p. CuIm-e-L-«- nÂap¶q-dn\p taÂ N¼p-¡fpmbn F¶p tImf-t¯cn i¦-c-ta-t\m\pw Ccp-\q-dn-\-Sp¯p N¼p-¡-fp-mbn F¶v hS-¡pw-Iqdpw A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p.

kwkvIrX N¼p-¡Ä Bin-kv, ka-kv{In-b, hkvXp-\nÀt±iw Ch-bn-te-sX-¦nepw H¶p-sIm-mWv Bcw- n-¡p-I. a[y-Ime N¼p-¡-fm-hs« Ch-tbm-sSm¸w IYm-kq-N-\bpw \ÂIp-¶p. CXv ]e-co-Xn-I-fnÂ ImWp-v. Hcp tXmgs\ hnfn¨v Abmsf I-Xp-sImv X\n-¡p-mb kt´mjw IY-bnse GsX-¦nepw IYm-]m-{X- n-\p-mb kt´m-j-t¯mSv D]-an-¡p-¶Xv Hcp -co-Xn-bm-Wv. Hcp kmam-\y-X-Xzs¯ \nÀt±-in v ]d-bp¶ IY-bp-ambn AXns\ _Ô-s -Sp- pI asämcp coXn-bm-Wv. BioÀhm-Z-tÈm-I- ntem \a-kv¡m-c-ivtfm-I- ntem IYmw-is¯ D]-am\cq]- nÂ LSn- n-¡p-I-bm-Wv- asämcpcoXn. IY-tIÄ¡m³ tXmgs\ D]-tZ-in¡p¶ hn[¯n-emWv Nne N¼p-¡Ä XpS-§p-¶-Xv. hnh-£n-X-amb IY-bnÂIqSn Xm³ \nco-£n-¡p¶ XXzw BZys¯ tivfmI- nÂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡pI Fs¶mcpk{¼-Zm-b-hp-ap-v. kwkv IrX-\m-S-I-§-fnse \mµo tÈmI-am-bn-cn-¡Ww CXn\v {]tNm-Z-\-am-b-Xv.

a²y-Ime N¼p-IÄ cwK¯p {]tbm-Kn- n-cp¶p F¶v Duln-¡p-¶-Xn\p ImcWw Ah-bnÂImWp¶ ]c-kz-§-fmb `mK-§-fpsS B[n-Iy-am-Wv. kwkvIr-X- nse ]e {KÙ-§-fnÂ \n¶pw`mj-bnse Xs¶ aäp N¼p-¡-fnÂ \n¶pw `mK-§Ä þK-Zyhpw ]Zyhpw þA-tX-]-Snbpw Nne-t¸mÄAev]-kzev]w t`Z-§Ä hcp- nbpw N¼p-¡-fnÂ kzoI-cn- n-«p-v. 1879 tÈmI-§fpw 99 KZy-§-fp-ap-ff cmam-bWw N¼p-hnÂ Adp-\q-tdmfw ivtfmI-§fpw Ipsd KZy-§fpw aäp {KÙ-§-fnÂ \n¶vkzoI-cn- n-«p-f-f-h-bm-Wv. Adp-\q-dnÂ 270 tÈmI-§Ä GtXXp {KÙ-§-fnÂ \n¶mWv F¶v Ip-]n-Sn-¡-s -«n-«p-v. CXv Ihn-IÄ a\x-]qÀÆ-w sNbvX kmln-Xy-tNm-c-W-am-hm³ hgn-bn-Ã. ]ecpw Hcpt]mse kmln-Xy-tNm-cWw \S¯n F¶p hnNm-cn-¡m\pw \nhr- n-bn-Ã. H¶p-InÂ AhÀ IY-]-d-bp¶ Bfp-I-fpsS Ah-iym-\p-k-cWw Ac-§p-sIm-gp- n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn aäp-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ \n¶v Bh-iy-ap-f-f{X IS-sa-Sp- p. AsÃ-¦nÂ ]nÂIm-e¯v IY-]-d-bp-¶-hÀ Ihn Fgp-Xn-b-Xn-t\mSp IqSn Ac-§p-sIm-gp- n-¡m³ thn ]eXpw Iq«n-t¨À¯p. F§s\ kw`hn- -Xm-bmepw N¼p-¡-fnse Cu ]c-kzm-[nIyw Ah cwK¯p {]tbm-Kn- n-cp¶p F¶-Xnsâ kqN-\-bm-Wv.

kwkvIr-X- nse N¼p-¡-fnÂ `qcn- m-Khpw ]pcm-W-I-Y-IÄ {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-«p-f-f-h-bm-Wv. a²y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ qcn- m-Khpw Ahsb A\p-I-cn v ]pcm-W-I-Y-IÄ {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ {]mNo-\-a-Wn-{]-hm-f-N-¼p-¡-fn-em-Is« {]Xn-]mZyw ]pcm-tWm-]-Po-hn-b-Ã. Ah-bnÂ ]d-b- ¡ IY-sbm-«n-Ã-Xm-\pw, tZh-Zmko {]IoÀ -\-§-fmWv Ah.ka-Im-enI Pnhn-X- nsâ NqSpw shfn- hpw Ah {]Zm\wsN¿p¶p F¶Xv Hcp khn--ti-j-X-bm-Wv. {]mNo-\-a-Wn-{]-hm-f-N-¼p-¡-fn-Â\n¶v Imhy{]ta-b- nepwIYm-L-S-\-bnepw Bhn-jvI-c-W- nepw hyXy-kvX-amb kao-]-\-amWv a²y-Im-e-N-¼p-¡-fnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. {]mNo\N¼p-¡Ä KWn-Im-Po-hn-X- nsâ AI- -f-§Ä tXSn-t¸m-sb-¦nÂ cm-as¯ hn`mKw]pcm-W-I-Y-I-fpsS ]p\-cm-Jym-\- n-\mWv {][m-\-ambpw X¿m-dm-b-Xv. NmIym-·mÀ¡pw ]mT-I-¡mÀ¡pwD]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bmWv Cu L«- nÂ N¼p-¡Ä cNn-¡-s -«-Xv.-N-¼p-¡-fnse `mj D¯a aWn-{]-hm-f-am-I-W-sa¶ \njvIÀj AtXmsS CÃm-Xm-bn.a²y-ImeN¼p-¡-fpsS cwK-{]-th-i-t¯msS ae-bmfkmln-Xy- n\v Hcp Kuchkz`mhw ssIh-cp-¶-Xmbpw ImWm-\m-hpw.

kwkvIrX N¼p-¡Ä ka-Im-enI Pohn-Xs¯ {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-h-b-Ã. `mjm-N-¼p-¡-fm-Is«Gdnbpw Ipd-ªpw ka-Im-en-I-Po-hnXw {]Xn-_n-w-_n- n-¡p-¶p-v. {]mNo\ N¼p-¡Ä GXmv apgp-h-\mbpw Hcp Ime-L-«- nse Hcp hn`mKw P\-X-bpsS PohnXw Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶p-v. a²y-ImeN¼p-¡-fnÂ ka-Im-enIPohnX{]Xn- -e\w A[n-Ihpw KZy-§-fn-em-Wv. ]pcmW IY-k-µÀ`-§Ä tIc-fo-b-Omb \ÂIn hÀ®n- mWv AhÀ ka-Im-enI Pohn-Xm-hn-jv¡mcw \S- p-¶-Xv. C¡m-cy- nÂkwkvIrX N¼p-¡-sf-b-Ã. {]mNo-\-N-¼p-¡-sf-bmWv AhÀ A\p-I-cn- n-«p-f-f-Xv. Cu hÀ®-\m- -k-{¼-ZmbamWv ]nÂ¡m-e¯v Ip©³\-¼ymÀ Xsâ Xpf-f-ep-I-fnÂ kzoI-cn¨v hnI-kn- n- Xv.

a²y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ BIr-Xn-sImpw {]Ir-Xn-sImpw H¶mw Øm\w AÀln-¡p-¶Xv]p\w \¼q-Xn-cnbpsS cmam-bWw N¼p-hmWv. -cmw Øm\w `mcXw N¼p-hn-\m-Wv. ]Xn-\m-ep- m-K-§-fm-bn-«mWv `mcXw N¼p cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXnsâ IÀ¯r-Xzhpw ]p\w \¼q-Xn-cn-bn-emWv \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. cmam-b-W-N-¼p-hn-t\mfw kmln-Xy-KpWw CuIr-Xn-¡n-sÃ¦nepw kwkvIr-Xm-Xn-



{]-kcw IqSp-XÂ ImWmw.a²y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ N{I-hÀ¯n-]Zw Ae-¦-cn-¡p¶ N¼p ss\j-[-am-Wv. Xriq-cn-\-Sp- p-ff s]cp-h-\w-{Km-a- nse ag-aw-K- n-Ãs¯ \mcm-b-W³ \¼q-Xn-cn-bmWv CXnsâcN-bn-Xm-hv.

cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eo-bhpw sImSn-bhn-c-lhpw a²y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ {]Xn-]m-Zy- nsâ Imcy- nÂ]pXnb NmÂ sh-«n- p-d¶ IrXn-I-fmWv. Imew-amdn ]nd¶ D®n-bm-So-N-cn-X-amWv cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eobwF¶v ""ssIc-fn-bpsS IY'' bnÂ s{]m^. F³ IrjvW-]n-ff ]d-bp-¶p. 1565 \pw 1601 \pw CSbv¡vsIm¨n-cmPyw cn¨ cma-hÀ½-bpsS P\-\w, Inco-S-[m-c-Ww, bp²-k-¶-²-X, aµm-c-ame F¶ \À¯-In-bp-am-bp-ff hnhmlw CsXm-s¡-bm-Wv Cu IrXn-bnse {]Xn-]mZyw Hcp irwKm-c-Im-hy-am-Wv sImSn-bhn-c-lw. kwK-Ko-X-tI-Xp-hmWv \mb-I³, irwKm-c-N-{µn-I-bmWv \mbn-I. Ch-cpsS hnc-l-Xm-]-amWv{]Xn-]mZyw, ae-bm-f- nse irwKmc Imhy-§-fnÂ {][m-\-amWv sImSnb hnclw F¶v Df-fqÀ ]d-bp-¶p.

`mjm-]-c-amb ]g-¡w-sImp ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm-nsâ ]qÀÆm-²- n-ep-m-b-sX¶v hnNm-cn-¡m-hp¶ N¼p-hmWv Ima-Z-l-\w. CXnsâ IÀ¯r-Xzhpw ]p\w-\-¼q-Xn-cn-bnÂ \n£n-]vX-amWv. ag-aw-Kew \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS ka-Im-en-I\pw 1601 apXÂ 1615 hsc sIm¨n-cmPyw `cn¨ hoc-tI-c-f-hÀ½-bpsSBØm-\-]-Þ-nX-\p-am-bn-cp¶ \oe-I-WvT³ \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS aq¶p N¼p-¡-fmWv sNÃqÀ\m-tYm-Z-bw,\mcm-b-Wobw, sXss¦e \mtYm-Zbw F¶nh. {]Xn-]m-Zy- nÂ Ch aäp- N-¼p-¡-fnÂ \n¶p thÀXn-cnªp \nÂIp-¶p. s]cn-s©-ÃqÀ {Kma- nse inh-{]-XnjvT sNÃqÀ\-tYm-Z-b- nepw Xr¸q-Wn- pdt£{X- nse hnjvWp-{]-XnjvT \mcm-b-Wo-b- nepw XriqÀ hS¡pw \mY-t£-{X- nse A©p-{]-XnjvTIÄ sXss¦-e-\m-tYm-Z-b- nepw hÀ®y-hn-j-b-§-fm-Wv. cmhWhn-P-bw, cpIvan-Wn-kz-bw-h-cw,Dam-X-]-Êv, ]mÀÆ-Xo-kz-bw-h-cw, ]mcn-Pm-X-l-c-Ww, Kuco-N-cnXw, KtP{µtam£w {]lvfm-Z-N-cn-Xw,Iwk-h-[w, F¶n-hbpw a²y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ {][m-\-s -«-h-bm-Wv.

Hmtcm `mj-bn-sebpw, Hmtcm Ime-L-«- n-sebpw IhnX AXmXp Ime-L-«- nse A`n-cp-Nn¡pw Bh-iy- n\pa\p-k-c-W-am-bn-«mWv DS-se-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. P\-k-aq-l- nsâ cpNn-hn-ti-j-§sf\nb-{´n-¡m\pw Xsâ CÑ-bv¡-\p-k-c-W-ambn amän-sbSp--¡m\pw Akm-am\y {]Xn- m-im-en-IÄ¡v am{XtaIgn-bq. AhÀ GXp `mj-bnepw hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cn-¡pw. {]mNo\ ae-bm-f- m-j-bnÂ Fgp- -Ñ\pam{Xta C -c- nÂ kaq-l- nsâ cpNn-hn-ti-j-§sf amän-sb-Sp--¡m³ Ign-ªp-Åq. aäp-Å-h-scÃmwAXmXp Ime-L-«- nse {]h-W-X-IÄ¡-\p-k-c-W-am-bn-«mWv Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xn-b-Xv.

cmam-b-W-N¼p DS-se-Sp¯ Ime-L-«- nse tIc-f- nse P\-k-aqlw Bcy-kw-kv¡m-c-t¯mSvAZ-ay-amb A`n-\n-thiw h¨p-]p-eÀ¯n-bn-cp-¶p. cmw tNc-km-{am-Py- nsâ ]mX-\hpw \mSp-hm-gn- - nsâ BhnÀ`m-hhpw \¼q-Xn-cn-amsc kaq-l- nsâ D¶-X-t{i-Wn-bn-se- n- p. kwkvIr-X-¯n\v aps¼-§p-an-Ãm¯ {]mamWyw e`n- p. kwkvIr-X-hn-Zym- ymkw ss{XhÀ®n-I-c-Ãm¯ km[m-c-W-¡m-cpsSbnS-bn-te¡pw hym]n¨p. t£{X-I-e-I-fpsS hnIm-khpw kwkvIr-X-hn-Zym- ym-ks¯ Xzcn-X-s -Sp-¯n. ]pcm-W-I-Y-I-tfmSv P\§Ä¡pÅ Xmev]cyw hÀ²n¨ Cu A`n-cpNn hnti-j-amWv{]mNo\ N¼p-¡-fnÂ \n¶p hyXy-kvX-ambn kwkvIr-X- n\v IqSp-XÂ {]m[m-\y-apÅ ]pcm-W-IYmkw_ÔnIfmb N¼p-¡Ä Dm-hm³ kml-N-cy-sam-cp-¡n-b-Xv. cmam-bW N¼p A¯-c- n-epÅN¼p-¡-fnÂ BZy-t¯-Xm-Wv.

""temtIm- c hÀ®\m \n]pW Ihn-IÀ½;Imhyw'' F¶ Imhy-{]-Im-i-Im-c-sâbpw ""Ih-b-X-C-Xn-Ihn; Xkr-IÀ½ Imhyw, X¨mÀ°-ZzÀ®-\m-ßIw'' F¶ hnZym-[-c-sâbpw \nÀÆ-N-\-§Ä GähpwtbmPn-¡p-¶Xv N¼p-Im-hy-§Ä¡m-Wv. IYm-Kpw- -\- nt\m ]m{X-kr-jvSnt¡m ckm-hn-jvIm-c- nt\mH¶p-aÃ hÀ®--\IÄ¡mWv N¼p-¡-fnÂ {]m[m-\yw. DÕ-hw, bp²w, hnhmlw XpS-§n-bh IYm-k-µÀ`¯nÂ hcp-t¼m-tg¡pw N¼p-Im-c-·mÀ asäÃmw ad¶v hÀ®-\-I-fnÂ apgp-Ipw. ]Zy-§-fpw, KZy-§fpw hÀ®-\bv¡p aXn-bm-hmsX hcp-t¼m-gmWv ZÞ-I-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. at\m-l-c-ambhÀ®-\m-h-k-\-§Ä Xq¡n-bn-Sm-\pÅ Ab-t¡mÂ am{X-amWv N¼p-¡-fnse CXn-hr¯w F¶v ]n.-i-¦-c³ \¼ymÀ ]d-ªXv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. ANpw-_n-X-§-fmb Bi-b-§fpw Ae-¦m-c-{]-tbm-K-§fpwkwkm-c- m-j-bpsS X\n-abpw HmPkpw ]IÀ¶p-X-cp¶ \mS³ ]Z-§fpw, ssien-Ifpw FÃm-än-ep-ap-]cn lmky-c-k- nsâ ]cn-th-jhpw N¼p-hnse hÀ®\I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv kwkvIr-X- m-j-X³kzm`mhnIu-Pkpw km£mÂ¯-an-gnsâ am[p-cyhpw H¯p-tNÀ¶-XmWv N¼p-¡-fnse aWn-{]-hm-f- m-



j.a²y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ {]mNo-\-X-sImpw hep¸w-sIm-pw BZyw ]cn-Nn- \w AÀln-¡p¶

IrXn-bmWv cmam-bWw N¼p. Ccp-]Xp `mK-§-fn-embn Imhyw hn`-Pn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]pcm-W-I-Y-IsfD]-Po-hn- p-mb BZys¯ N¼qIm-hy-am-Wn-Xv. ]p\w \¼q-Xn-cn-bmWv CXnsâ IÀ¯m-sh¶p hniz-kn-¡-s -Sp-¶p. hmevaoIn cmam-b-Ww, A\ÀL-cm-L-hw, D -c-cm-am-b-Ww, BÝcy NqVm-aWn XpS§nH«-\-h[n kwkvIrX Imhy-§-tfmSv cmam-bW N¼q-Im-c\v B[aÀWyw Dv. ]t£ tIhew A\p-IÀ¯m-hmbn At±-ls¯ Icp-Xm-\p-am-hn-Ã. cmam-bWw IY kza-t\m-[À½-a-\p-k-cn¨p hnI-kn- n-¡m³ At±lw {ian- n-cn-¡p-¶p. {]mNo\ aWn-{]-hmf Imhy-§Ä Is- p-¶-Xp-hsc ae-bm-f-¯nse BZys¯ N¼p F¶ Øm\w cmam-bWw N¼p-hn-\m-bn-cp-¶p.

asämcp {][m\ N¼p-hmWv "`mcXw N¼p'. ]Xn-\mep `mK-§-fm-bn-«mWv cN\ \nÀÆ-ln- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. CXnsâ IÀXr-Xzhpw ]p\w \¼q-Xn-cn-¡mWv \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. cmam-bW N¼p-hn-t\m-fw kmln-Xy-KpWw Cu IrXn-¡n-Ã. kwkvIr-X- nsâ B[n-Iy-amWv asämcp {]tXy-I-X.

a²y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ N{I-hÀ¯o-Øm\w Ae-¦-cn-¡p-¶Xv ss\j[w N¼p-hm-Wv. Xriq-cn-\-Sp-¯pÅ s]cp-h\w {Kma- nse ag-aw-K-e- n-Ãs¯ \mcm-b-W³ \¼q-Xn-cn-bmWv CXnsâ cN-bn-Xm-hv.cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eo-bw, sImSn-b-hn-c-lw, _mW-bp²w F¶o N¼p-¡fpw ag-aw-K-e- n-tâ-Xm-sW¶p Icp-X-s -Sp-¶p. a²y-ImeN¼p-¡-fnÂ {]Xn-]m-Zy- nsâ Imcy- nÂ ]pXnb NmÂ sh«n- p-d¶ IrXn-I-fm-Wn-h. Imew amdn- n-d¶ D®n-bmSn Ncn-X-amWv cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eo-bw- F¶v F³. IrjvW-]nÅ ]d-bp-¶p. 1565 \pw 1601 \pw CSbv¡v sIm¨o-cmPyw cn¨ cma-hÀ½-bpsS P\-\w, Inco-S-[m-c-Ww, bp²-k-¶-²-X, aµm-c-ame F¶ \À¯-In-bp-am-bpÅ hnhmlw F¶n-h-bmWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw. Hcp irwKmc Imhy-amWv sImSn-b-hn-c-lw. kwKo-X-tl-Xp-hmWv \mb-I³. irwKm-c-N-{µn-I-bmWv \mbn-I. Ch-cpsS hnc-l-Xm-]-amWv {]Xn-]m-Zyw.

ag-aw-K-e- nsâ ka-Im-en-I-\m-bn-cp¶ \oe-I-WvT³ \¼q-Xncn cNn- -h-bmWv sNÃqÀ\mtYm-Z-bw, \mcm-b-Wo-bw, sXss¦-e-\m-tYm-Zbw F¶o N¼p-¡Ä. ]e N¼q-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw ImWp¶ mh-Nm-]-ey-§fpw irwKm-c-lm-kym-hn-jvI-c-W-§fpw Cu IrXn-I-fn-en-Ã. HmPÊpw {]uVn-bp-amWv ap¶n-«p-\n-ev¡p¶ KpW-§Ä.B[p-\nI N¼p-¡Ä

]nev¡m-e¯pw ]pcm-W-I-Y-I-sfbpw Ncn-{X-kw- -h-§-sfbpw D]-Po-hn¨v N¼p-¡fpm-bn-«p-v.e£van-]p-c¯p chn-hÀ½ tImbn- -¼p-cm³ cNn¨ Djm-I-eym-Ww, Kuco-]-cn-W-bw, ]n. i¦-c³\¼ym-sc-gp-Xnb ]memgn aY-\w, Imcp-th-enÂ Kucn-¡p-«n-b-½-sb-gp-Xnb k´m-\-tKm-]mew XpS-§n-bh{it²-b-§-fmb IrXn-I-fm-Wv. sslZcm-en-bpsS tIc-fm-{I-a-Ws¯ ]Ým- -e-am¡n kÀZmÀ sI.-Fw. ]Wn-¡À Fgp-Xnb "sslZÀ \mbv¡³', C´ym Ncn-{X- nse Nne kw`-h-§Ä {]ta-b-am¡nalm-Ihn DÅqÀ cNn¨ kpPm-tXm-Zzmlw F¶n-hbpw ]pXnb L«- nse N¼p-¡-fm-Wv. ]gb N¼p-¡-fpsS a«nÂ hmc\m«v sI.-]n. imkv{Xn cNn¨ "{ioNn-{Xm- n-tjIw N¼p' Bhn-jvI-cW kuIp-am-cy-¯nÂ anI- p-\n-ev¡p¶ IrXn-bm-Wv.

]g-b-N-¼p-¡-fpsS ta· ]pXn-b-h-bv¡n-Ã. F¦nepw \ho\ IrXn-Ifpw \½psS `mjm- n-hr- nsbklm-bn- -h-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ B[p-\nI ]Zy-km-ln-Xy- nÂ Ahbv¡v D¶-Xhpw am\y-hp-amb Øm\- n-\Àl-X-bp-v.

BIr-Xn-sImpw {]Ir-Xn-sImpw kwkvIrXkmln-Xy-t¯m-SmWv N¼p-¡Ä¡v IS- m-Sv. tIcfkwkvIm-c- nsâ \m\m-hn-[-§-fmb Awi-§Ä \½psS N¼p-¡Ä {]Xn- -en- n-¡p-¶p. C¶p N¼p-¡Ä `mj-bnÂ GXmv AkvX-an- n-cn-¡p-s¶¶p-Xs¶ ]d-bmw. B[p-\nI L«- n-ep-mb N¼p-¡Äs¡m-¶n\pw ]qÀÆ-L« Imhy-§-tfmSp InS-]n-Sn-¡- ¡ ta·-bp-m-hm-Xn-cp-¶Xpw Imhym-kzm-Z-\- nÂ Ime-{I-a- nÂ h¶p-tNÀ¶ amä-§-fp-am-bn-cn¡mw CXn\p Imc-Ww. F¶n-cn-¡epw N¼p-¡Ä `mjmkmlnXy{]Øm-\- n\p \evInb tkh-\-§sf hne-Ip-d¨p ImWm³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã.aWn-{]-hmf kmlnXyw ]IÀ¶p-\-ÂInb PoÀ®kwkvIm-c- nÂ\n¶v \½psS kmln-Xy- n\p tamN\wkm²y-am-b-Xv a²y-ImeN¼p-¡-fn-eqsSbmWv. ]pcm-W-I-Y-Isf D]-Po-hn-s -gp-Xnbhbm-bn-cp¶p `qcn-`mKw N¼p-¡-sf-¦nepw aX-{]-t_m-[\w Ah-bpsS e£y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. {]Ir-Xn-hÀW-\, \mS-Io-b-X,IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS kq£va- m-h-§Ä Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnse \n]p-WX F¶nh N¼q-Im-hy-§-fpsS

85



{]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. KXm-\p-K-Xn-IXzw A\p-hm-N-Isc C¶v Cu Imhy-tem-I- p-\n¶v AI-än-\nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. bmYmÀ°y-t_m-[-apÅ B[p-\nI a\p-jy\v N¼qIm-c-·m-cpsS k¦-ev]-temIapÄs¡m-Åp-hm-\pÅ sshj-ayhpw Cu Imhy-{]-Øm\w CÃm-Xm-hp-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn-«p-v. F¦nepw N¼q{]Øm-\- n-tâ-Xmb ]e khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw \½psS B[p-\nIkmlnXyw DÄs¡m-n-«p-s-¶Xpw\mw hnkva-cn-¡m³ ]mSn-Ã. N¼q-Im-c-·m-cpsS ]Z-hn-\ymk Ipi-eX Fgp- -Ñ-t\bpw Ip©³ \¼ym-tcbpw kzm[o-\n- -Xmbn ImWm-\m-hpw. DNn-X-amb Imhy _nw_-§Ä Xnc-sª-Sp- -h-X-cn- n-¡m-\pÅ Iem-hn-cpXpw sshb-àn-Im-\p- -h-§Ä¡p \ho-\- m-h-Xew krjvSn-¡m-\pÅ {]Xn- m-i-ànbpwN¼q-Im-c-·m-cpsS Imhy-kn-²n-I-fm-Wv. mj-bnÂ C¶p N¼q-Im-hy-§-fp-m-Ip-¶n-Ã. F¦nÂ -s¶bpw`mjbv¡p `mhn-bnÂ Fs´Ãmw ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä kw`-hn- mepw N¼p-¡Ä¡v `mj-bn-epÅ D¶-X-Øm-\¯n\p bmsXmcp Cf-¡hpw X«p-I-bn-Ã. ImcWw A{Xbv¡v Dd¸pw shSn- p-apÅ Hcp `mjm-ssi-en-bmWv N¼q-Im-c-·mÀ kzoI-cn- n-cp-¶-Xv. AXp-sIm-v, ae-bmfw DÅn-S-t¯mfw `mjm-N-¼p-¡fpw N¼q-Im-c-·mcpw HmÀ½n¡s¸Sp-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw.

D®n-b- o-N-cnXw ( {]mNo\ N¼p )

D®nb- n, D®n- n-cp-tX-hn, D®n-bmSn F¶n-h-bmWv \ap¡p e`n- n-«pÅ {]mNo\ N¼p-¡Ä.Ch-bnÂ Gä-hpw {]mNo\w D®n-b- n-bm-Wv. aäp-Åh cpw CXns\ amXr-I-bm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.-F.-Un.-aq¶mwiX-I-amWv CXnsâ Imew. Hcp tXh³ Nncn-Ip-am-c-\mWv cN-bn-Xm-sh¶v Imhy- nÂ¯s¶ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p.-h-b-\m-SmWv Ihn-bpsS P·-Ø-e-sa-¶mWv A`yq-lw.-N-cn-{X-]-chpw `mjm-]-c-hp-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ 13-þmw \qäm-mWv cN-\m-Im-e-sa¶ A`n-{]m-bs¯ icn-h-bv¡p-¶p-v.{]Y-a-{]-km-[-I-\mb tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]nÅ({]Ya{]km-[\wþ1949) `mjm-{]-_-Ô-sa-¶mWv CXn\v t]cn-«-Xv.{KÙ- nsâBZys¯ ctm aqt¶m Xmfn-tbm-e-IÄ Ip-In-«n-bn-«n-Ã.-kw-i-b-c-ln-X-ambn AÀYw {Kln-¡- -¡-h®w Hcp ]Zyw apgp-h-\ptam Hcp KZyw apgp-h-\ptam In«n-bn-«p-s¶p ]d-bpI km[y-a-Ã.Imhy- nsâ{]I-S-amb e£yw tZh-Zmko kpµ-cn-bmb \mbn-Isb kvXpXn-¡pI F¶Xp Xs¶-bm-Wv.-A-¶s¯{][m\ \K-c-§-tf-¡p-dn¨pw t£{X-§-tf-¡p-dn¨pw A§m-Sn-I-tf-¡p-dn¨pw C Imhy- nÂ\n¶v hnhcwe`n-¡p-¶pv .FÃm {]mNo\ N¼q-Im-c-·mcpw hÀW-\-I-fnÂ Bß-\nÀhrXn Is- p-¶p.-D-®n-b- n-bnepw AXn-\p-th sXfn-hp-IÄ [mcm-f-ap-v.-{]m-km-\p-{]m-k-Zo-£-bnepw i_vZ-\n-jvT-bnepw Xmf-\n-_-Ô-\- nepw Ihn {]mKÛyw ImWn-¡p-¶p.

D®n-b- o-N-cnXw tIc-f- m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-Z-i-bn-sem-¶ns\ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p¶ IrXn-bm-Wv. \¼q-Xn-cn-amÀ krjvSn¨ Ir{Xn-a-amb an{i- m-j-bpsS kz`mhw Cu IrXn-bnÂ ImWmw. â cq]-§Ä D®n-b- n-bnÂ [mcm-f-am-Wv. ]pcp-j-{]-Xy-b-§Ä [mcm-f-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. Xme-hym-tZiw h¶Xpw hcm- -Xp-amb cq]-§Ä ImWp-¶p.eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ FSp- p-]-d-bp¶ kÔn-\n-b-a-§Ä an¡Xpw AtX-co-Xn-bnÂ Cu IrXn-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n¨p ImWp-¶p. AgIpw am[p-cy-hp-apÅHt«sd {]mNo-\-]-Z-§fpw CXn-ep-v.

hr¯-K-Ôn-bmb KZyw BZy-ambn {]Xy-£-s¸« IrXn D®n-b- o-N-cn-X-am-Wv.-Xr- -cfn t£{X-¯nse inhs\ hÀWn- p-sIm-mWv Imhym-cw- w. ASn-¡ogv XoÀ°w, Xncp-s\-Ãn, ]m]-\m-in-\n, Xncp-a-cp-XqÀ XpS-§n-bh ]n¶oSv hÀ®n-¡-s -Sp-¶p. Xncp-a-cp-Xqsc inh-t£-{X- nÂ Ipw`-am-k- nse{]kn-²-amb AjvS-ao-the \S-¡p-¶p.-A-Xp-Ip\-S¶ BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb Hcp KÔÀÆ³ kpµ-cn-bmb D®n-b- nsb Ip. Ah-fnÂ BIr-jvS-\mbn a\p-jy-cq]w ]qv AbmÄ `qan-bnÂ Ah-X-cn-¨p.~Hcp {_mÒ-W-hn-ZymÀ°n-tbmSv Ah-fpsS IY-IÄ tNmZn- -dn-ªp.-IY tI« KÔÀÆ³ B N«-t\m-sSm¸w({_mÒ-W-hn-ZymÀ°n-) Ah-fpsS aµn-c- n-te¡p t]mbn.-Xp-SÀ¶v D®n-b- n-bpsS hoSpw]cn-k-chpw hÀWn-¡p-¶p.-A-¶s¯ tIcf-k-aq-l- nsâ Hcp bYm-XYNn{Xw Chn-sS-¡m-Wmw. Hcp\mbn-Isb tI{µo-I-cn- p-sImv t£{X-§Ä, A§m-Sn-IÄ, P\-k-aq-lw, \mbn-Im-ku-µcyw XpS-§n-bh hÀWn¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p {]mNo\ N¼q-Im-c-·m-cpsS e£yw.

hni-Z-]-T\w: D®n-b- o-N-cnXw þKZyw 11 hsc ( {]mNo\ N¼p )

]Zyw 1

Bibw:inh-Im-cp-Wy- mÂ ]cn-e-kn-¡p¶ Xr -fcn t£{Xw ]pd-In-gmÀ \m«p-cm-Pmhv `àn-bmÂsN¼p-sImv \nÀan- -Xm-Wv.-N-{µ-au-en-bpsS A\p-{K-l- mÂ kpIr-Xn-e£van hÀ²-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn ekn-



¨p.

KZyw 2

Bibw:inhsâ kÔym-\r- hpw ]mÀÆ-Xo-tZ-hn-bpsS hÀW-\bpw

sN -fncp t]mse arZphpw Nph-¶-Xp-amb ]mZ-§-fp-sSbpw Ic-§-fp-sSbpw Npn-sâbpw Im´n-sImv tim`n-¡p-¶-hfpw, ]´p-t]msebpÅXpw Cf-bXpw Ag-Im-À¶-Xp-amb sIm¦-I-fnÂ ]qsam-«-Wn-ª-hfpw Im´sâ apJ-Im- n-bmÂ kzÀW-I-a-e-am-b-hfpw at\-l-c-amb tcma-\n-c-bpÅ angn-tbmSp IqSn-b-hfpw(I¬ ]oen þ Ca)h-n³ NmÀ¯p-t]mse at\m-l-c-amb Xe-ap-Sn-tbmSp IqSn-b-hfpw N{µ-in-Jm-a-Wn¡v IoÀ¯n-cXv\w F¶v ]d-b-s¸Sp¶ \ma-t¯mSp IqSn-b-hfpw \nJn-em-\p-{K-l-¯n-sâbpw aqe-Im-cWw Rms\¶ hnNm-c- mÂ `qXn-tbmsS tim`n-¡p-¶-h-fp-am-Ip¶p ChÄ

]Zyw 2

Bibw:ASn-¡o-gnsâ hÀW\w

Ahn-sS-bm-Is« BÀ¡pw AK-Wy-ambn ASn-¡ogv CXym-Zn-bmb XoÀ°-i-X-§-fp-v.- q-an-bnÂ ssh{i-h-W-sa¶p aln-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xpw ap\n-IÄ h¶p P]n-¡p-¶-Xp-amb B sNdnb Øew hn{ip-X-am-Wv.

KZyw 3

Bibw:Xncp-s\-Ãnsb hÀWn-¡p¶p

]Zyw 3

Bibw:Xncp-s\Ãn XoÀ°s¯ hÀWn-¡p¶p

aäpÅ henb ]m]w XoÀ¡p¶ XoÀY-t{i-jvT-am-Wn-sX¶v F´n\v hÀWn-¡-s -SWw? Ahn-sS- -s¶-bm-WtÃm aq¶p kÔy-I-fnepw ]Zvtam-Zv`-h³ t]mepw Xmtg-¡p-h¶v hnjvWp-hns\ ]qPn-¡p-¶Xv.

]Zyw 4

Bibw:Xncp-s\-Ãn-bpsS AXn-cp-IÄ

sX¡p mK¯v ......-]-Sn-ªmdv Xncp- -c- v(-Xn-cp-s\-Ãn¡p ]Sn-ªm-dpÅ Imhv). hS-t¡m-b-ä¯v Ipam-c-`-h-\w({_Ò-Kn-cn-bn-epÅ t£{Xw).In-g¡v ZpÀ¤m-t£-{Xw( Xncp-s\-Ãn-bpsS Ing-¡p-`m-K-¯pÅhÅqÀ¡mhpw kqNn-Xw)

KZyw 5

Bibw:Xncp-a-cp-Xq-cnsâ hÀW\w

]Zyw 5

Bibw:hÀWn-¡m³ NXpÀap-J-\p-t]mepw {]bm-k-I-c-amb Xncp-a-cp-XqÀ ]pcn-IÄs¡Ãmw Xne-Iambn«p-ÅXp Xs¶

KZyw 5

Bibw:Zpcn-Xs¯ CÃm-Xm-¡p¶ Ncn-X-t¯mSp IqSn-b-h\pw lrZ-b- nÂ hÀ²n¨ Icp-Wbv¡vCcn- n-S-am-b-h\pw Npäpw \n¶v \an-¡p¶ tZh-·mÀ¡v ZpÀÃ- -amb AarXv Acp-fns¨bvXh-\p-ambhnjvWp AhnsS Gähpw tim`n-¡p-¶p.-A-cp-fn-s¨bvX DS-t\-Xs¶ ]m\w sN¿m³ ]mSn-Ãm¯ hnjw]m\w sNbvX-h\pw Aán hÀjn-¡p¶ It®m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw ]pen-t¯mÂ ]cn-ip-²-amb hkv{X-am-¡n-b-h\pw ]¨ cXv\-¡-Ãnsâ tim`-bpÅ Igp-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw Aa-cp¶ Øe-amb AhnSwt{ijvT-amb hf- p-hm-Xn-ep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Npäp-a-Xn-epÅ Xncp-a-cp-Xq-sc¶ aln-X-amb ØeamIp-¶p.

KZyw 6

Bibw:Xncp-a-cp-Xq-cnse Nndsb hÀWn-¡p-¶p. taSw apX-epÅ ae-bm-f-am-k-§-fpsS t]cp-IfpwCu hÀW-\-bnÂ DÄs¡m-Ån- n-«p-v.

]Zyw 6

AXn-i-tbm-àn-bm-bmepw ImWp-¶-hÀ IÅ-am-sW¶p ]d-ªmepw Rm³ DÅ-Xp-t]mse ]d-bp-¶p-v.B amfn-Ibpw Nndbpw B hn[- nÂ A¶pw C¶pw C\n-taepw tZh-·mÀ¡p-t]mepw \nÀan-¡m³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã.



cmam-bWw N¼p (a[y-Ime N¼p)

a[y-Ime N¼p-¡-fnÂ Gähpw _rl- mb cmam-bW N¼p-hnsâ IÀ¯mhv ]q\w \¼q-Xn-cn-bm-sW¶v s]mXpsh AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -«n-«p-v. ]q\hpw IrjvW-Km-Ym-Im-c-\mb sNdp-tÈcn \¼q-Xn-cnbpw Hcm-fmWv F¶ Hc- n-{]m-bhp-ap-v. ]p\- nsâ Imew F.-Un.1425-þ\pw 1525 \pw at[y Bbn-cp-¶p. ]Xn-\©mw \qäm-nsâ D- -cmÀ²- n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww cmam-bW N¼p Fgp-X-s -«-Xv. aWn-{]-hmf mj-bnÂ a[y-Im-e-t¯m-sS-bp-m-b {it²-b-amb ]cn-Wm-a-§Äv Cu IrXnbnÂ ImWm-\mhpw.`mj-bpsS kuIp-am-cys¯ AÛp-X-I-c-ambn hÀ²n- n-¡p-hm³ Cu N¼p-Im-hy- n\p Ign-ªn-«p-Å-Xmbn iqc\m«p Ipª³]nÅ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p. BZy-Ime aWn-{]-hm-f- n\p hnjb Kuc-h-an-Ãm-bn-cp¶p. aWn-{]-hm-f- n\p hnj-b- nepw {]Xn-]m-Z-\- nepw Kuchw t\Sn-s¡m-Sp¯p F¶{]ikvXn cmam-bWN¼p IÀ¯m-hn-\p-v. aWn-{]-hmf amÀ¤- nÂ IqSn-bmWv ]p\w-k-©-cn- -sX-¦nepw hnj-b- nsâ Imcy- nÂ A±lw ]m«p Ihn-Isf amXr-I-bm¡n cmam-b-tW-Xn-lm-k-s¯-¯s¶ kzoI-cn- p. Iq¯n\pw ]mT-I- n\pw aäpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡- -¡-co-Xn-bnÂ CXnÂ hnj-b-§ÄthÀXn-cn¨p {]Xn-]m-Zn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. tXmgs\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿p¶ coXn-bn-emWp cN-\. "Xangv'F¶p hnfn- n-cp¶ amÀ±w-Kn-I-·m-cpsS IYm-{]-Xn-]m-Z\ coXn a[y-Im-e-N-¼p-Im-c-·mÀ¡v amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡mw.

N¼p-¡-fnse KZyw km[m-cW KZy- m-j-bnÂ \n¶pw `n¶-am-Wv. ]Zy- nsâ Ir{Xn-a- wKnIeÀ¶ kzÑ-µ-K-Xn-bmWv Ah-bnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-epÅ Hcp Xcw {Zmhn-U-hr- - n-emWv`mjm-N-¼p-¡-fnse KZy- nsâ cN-\. tÇmI-§Ä IqSmsX `mjm-K-Zy-§Ä, kwkvIrX KZy-§Ä,aWn-{]-hmf ZÞ-I-§Ä F¶n-hbpw CXnÂ IeÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.

hmevaoIn cmam-b-W-s¯-bmWv cmam-bW N¼p-Im-c³ B[m-c-am¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F¦nepwcLp-hw-iw, t`mP-N¼p BÝ-cy-Nq-Um-aWn XpS§n Ht«sd kwkvIrX IrXn-Isf At±lw B{i-bn-

¨n-«p-v. CXp IqSmsX ]e kwkvIrX Imhy-§-fn-tebpw tÇmI-§Ä CXnÂ IS-¶p-Iq-Sn-bn-«p-v.t`mPsâ N¼p cmam-bW¯nse 58 tÇmI-§fpw 4 KZy-§fpw CXn-ep-v. cLp-hw-i- nse 23 tÇmI-§fpw D¯c cma-N-cn-X- nse ]¯v tÇmI-§fpw AtX a«nÂ CXnÂ tNÀ¯p-Im-Wp-¶p. kwkvIrXImhy-§-fnÂ Xs¶ C¯cw IeÀ¸v [mcm-f-ambn ImWmw. CXnÂ \n¶v A\p-am-\n-¡m-hp-¶Xv A¡m-e-§-fnÂ ]c-kv]cw Ihn-Xm- m-K-§Ä kµÀt`m-Nn-X-ambn FSp¯p tNÀ¡p-¶Xp \njn-²-ambn IW-¡m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶n-sÃ-¶m-Wv. cmam-bW N¼q-Im-c\v kwkvIrX kmln-Xy- nÂ hnkvXr-X-amb ]cn-N-bhpw ]mWvUn-Xyhpw kn²n- n-cp-¶p.

Ht«sd Imhy- m-K-§Ä aäp IrXn-I-fnÂ \n¶v DÄs -Sp- n-bn-«p-s-¦nepw cN-\-bpsS Imcy-¯nÂ B IrXn-Isfsbm¶pw cmam-bW N¼q-Im-c³ ]n³Xp-S-cp-¶nÃ F¶Xp {it²-b-am-Wv.kwkvIr-X- nse hninjvS-Im-hy- m-K-§Ä CXnÂ DÄs -Sp- n-bXv Ahsb tIc-fob klr-Z-bÀ¡p ]cn-N-b-s -Sp- n-s¡m-Sp-¡m³ B{K-ln- -Xp-sIm-m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.CXnse hr¯-K-Ôn-I-fmb KZy- m-K-§ÄXpÅense {]kn-²-amb Xcw-KnWn hr¯- nsâ ]qÀÆ amXr-I-I-fm-Wv. GXmp ap -tXmfw ZÞ-I-§Ä cmam-bWN¼p-hn-ep-v. Ch ]nÂ¡m-e¯v B«-¡-Ym-Im-c-·mÀ¡pw amXr-I-bm-bn.

cmam-bW Imhyw Ggp-Im-Þ-§-fm-bn-«mWv BZn-Ihn XpS-§n-b-hÀ Fgp-Xn--bn-«p-Å-Xv. F¶mÂN¼q-Im-c³ CXns\ Ccp-]Xv {]_-Ô-§-fmbn Xncn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. CXv NmIym-·mÀ¡p IYm-I-Y\ kuI-cy- n-\p-thn {Ias -Sp- n-b-XmImw.

hni-Z-]-T\w:cmam-bWw N¼p þ DZym-\-{]-th-iw (a-[y-Ime N¼p)

cmambW-N-¼p-hnse efn-Xhpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb Hcp `mK-amWv DZym-\-{]-th-iw. 81 tÇmI-§fpw 3 KZy-§fpw Hcp ZÞ-Ihpw Cu `mK- n-e-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. tÇmI-§-fnÂ `qcn- m-Khpw



{kKv²-cm-hr- - n-emWv cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. imÀ±q-e-hn-{Io-Un-Xw, inJ-c-Wn, amen-\n, hk- -Xn-eIwXpS-§nb hr¯-§fpw sshNn-{Xy- n-\p-thn D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. cp KZy-§Ä Xcw-Kn-Wo-hr-¯- n-emWv cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

cmam-bWw kpµ-c-Im-Þs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bmWv DZym-\-{]-thiw cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¦nepwNne -am-ä-§Ä Ihn hcp- n-bn-«p-v. cmh-W³ koXsb Atim-I-h-\- nÂ sImn-cp- n-b-Xn-\p-tijw A¶p cm{Xn t]mbn {]tem- n- n-¡p¶ a«n-emWv DZym-\-{]-thiw cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. hnZy-Ön-lzs\ hnfn¨v \nÀt±-i-§Ä sImSp-¡p-¶Xpw \£-{X-§sf hnfn¨v A`yÀ°n¡p-¶Xpw Ihn Iev]n-X-am-Wv. ]n¶oSpÅ Nt{µm-Z-b-hÀ®-\- n\v If-sam-cp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th-n-bmWv Cu hyXym-k-§Ähcp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Atim-I-h-\- n-te-bv¡pÅ cmh-Wsâ bm{Xbv¡v ASn-apSn tIc-fo-b-Omb\ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

koXsb {]tem- n- n-¡m³ cmh-W³ sN¿p¶ \o hmNm-e-amb {]kw-K-amWv Cu `mK-¯nse knwl`mK-hpw. hmevao-In-cm-a-mb-W- nse {]uVnbpw HmPÊpw hocyhpw sXfn-ªp-\n-ev¡p¶cmh-W-\Ã DZym-\-{]-th-i- nse cmh-W³. hnS\pw Pf-\p-amb tIc-f- nse Hcp CS-{]- p-hnsâOmb-bmWv cmh-W\p \evIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. cmh-Wsâ en-X-]-cn-lm-k-§Ä Nne-t¸mÄ Ak- y-ambnXcw-Xm-gp¶p. Xsâ ap¶n-en-cn-¡p¶ km[m-cW P\-§sf ckn- n-¡m-\mWv N¼q-Im-csâ {iaw. aqe-I-Ym-]m-{X- nsâ hyànXzw XcwXmWp t]mhp-¶Xv Cu Nncn- n-¡m-\pÅ {ia- n-\n-S-bnÂ At±lwAdn-bp-¶n-Ã.

cmh-Wsâ Nn{Xo-I-c-W- nse \yq\X koX-bpsS Nn{Xo-I-c-Ww-sImv Ihn \nI- n-bn-«p-v.""koXm-\o-e- -\- q-¦p-e-sbm-sS-Xn-cnSpw'' F¶ tÇmIw Hcp Nn{Xw-t]mse hmb-\-¡m-csâ a\-ÊnÂ]Xnbpw. cmh-Wsâ hmNm-e-Xbv¡v Hcp Xmc-Xayw F¶ \ne-bnÂ koXsb XnI¨pw hmÜn-bm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. cmh-Wsâ Ccp-]-Xp-I-hn-f- pw ASn-¡pI F¶ tPmen am{Xta atÞm-Z-cn¡v Ihn \ÂIn-bn-«pÅp. Bfp-Isf Nncn- n-¡pI am{X-amWv atÞm-Z-cn-bpsS Ah-X-c-W- nsâ Dt±-iyw.

hÀ®-\-bpsS Imcy- nÂ X\n-¡pÅ {]mKÛyw apgp-h³ Nt{µm-Zb hÀ®-\- n-eqsS Ihn{]I-S-am-¡p-¶p-.v ""{]mNoc-a-Wn-h-Z\wt]mse'' F¶m-cw- n-¡p¶ KZyw i_vZ wKn-sImpw Ae-¦m-c- w-Kn-sImpw anI- -Xm-Wv. cmh-Wsâ bm{X hÀ-®n-¡p¶ KZyw Øq-e-am-Wv. bm{X-bnÂ sImp-t]mb km[-\-§-fpsS Hcp "enÌv' B KZy- n-ep-v. ""hc-hÀ®n\o \osb´p I¬sImp ImWm-ªn-Xn-t¸mÄ'' F¶ cmh-Wsâ hmIy-amb KZyw Ah-km\w Ak- y-X-bn-te¡p hgp-Xn-ho-gp-¶p.1. kXyw htÃmÀ¡p-am-]- p-IÄ QSnXn s]Sp-t¶-chpw ]¦-Pm£w

`àym -hn-izky Nnt¯ Icp-Xp-InÂ \nJnew Zqsc \o§o-Sp-asÃmDZymt\ cmh-W³ Xm³ {]W-b-l-Xn-cp-jm-sIm-Ãp-hm³ hmfp-am-bþs§¯p-t¼mÄ cma- {Zw am\-kn-I-cp-Xp-a-Öm-\-In-s¡-¶-t]mse(]¦-Pm-£wþ ]¦-Pm-£s\ (hn-jvWp-hn-s\) àymþ àn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn. hnin-ky-þ-hn-iz-kn- n-«v.

\nJnew þ apgp-h\pw. {]W-b-l-Xn-cpjm þ{]W-b- wKw sImp-mb tIm]- mÂ............AÀ°w :þ BÀs¡-¦nepw s]s«¶v B]¯v hcp¶ Ah-k-c- nÂ, hnjvWp-hns\ hniz-kn- n«v`àn-tbm-Sp-IqSn a\-ÊnÂ [ym\n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ B B]- p-IÄ apgp-h\pw \o§pw F¶Xv kXy-am-Wv. DZym-\- nÂ h¨v {]W-b- wKw sImp-mb tIm]- mÂ cmh-W³ sImÃp-hm³ hmfp-ambnF¯n-b-t¸mÄ {iocm-as\ a\-ÊnÂ [ym\n¨ koX-bvs¡-¶Xp -t]m-se.

CXv Ah-Xm-c-I-ivtfm-I-am-Wv. `àn-kw-hÀ²-I-amb Hcp XXz-I-Y-\-t¯m-Sp-IqSn {]Xn-]m-Zy-amb IY kqNn- n-¡p¶ C¯cw Ah-X-c-W-tÇm-I-§Ä `mjmN¼p-¡-fpsS Hcp {]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv.`mjm-N-¼p-¡Ä ]mTIw ]d-bp-¶-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp¶p F¶v C¯cw Ah-X-c-W-tÇm-I-§Ä kqNn-¸n-¡p¶p. kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-§-fnse \mµn¡p kam-\-amWv Ah-X-c-W-tÇm-Iw.2. sshtZlow \nd-amÀ¶-tim-I-h-\n-Im-at²y \n[mb kvatcmþ

·mZo-cm-£-k-N-{I-hÀ¯n kl-km-kw-{]m]y i¿m-KrlwPmXm-\-µ-a-W-ª-gn-ª-\p-k-cn- m-s\- p-]mbw \apþt¡tX\pw ]p\-sc¶p k -X-a-ku-Nn- n- n-cp-¶o-Sn-\m³



(sshtZ-lnw-þ-ssh-tZ-lnsb (ko-X-sb) \nd-amÀ¶ þ at\m-l-c-amb,Atim-I-h-\o-Im-a-t²yþAtim-I-h-\n-I-bpsS a²y- nÂ \n[mb þ sh¨n«v,kvatcm-·m-Zn-þ-Im-a-{`m- p-]n-Sn-s]-«,kl-km-þ-s]-s«¶v, kw{]m-]y-þ-{]m-]n- n«v,PmXm-\µw þ B\-µ-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn, Agn-ªv-þ-e-Ö-sbÃmw Dt]-£n- n«v.............AÀ°w:-þ koXsb Atim-I-h-\n-Im-a-²y- nÂ sh¨n«v Ima-{`m- p-]n-Sn-s]« cm£-k-N-{I-hÀ¯n-bmbCu cmh-W³ i¿m-Kr-ls¯ s]s«¶v {]m]n- n-«v, ChÄ (Cu koX) kt´m-j-t¯msS eÖ-sbÃmwDt]-£n v Xs¶ {]m]n v A\p-k-cn-¡p-hm³ F´mWv amÀ¤-sa¶v Btem-Nn v Ccp-¶p.

IYm-k-µÀ`s¯ kqNn- n-¡p-¶-XmWv Cu tÇmIw, hßo-Io-cm-am-b-W- nÂ cp Øe¯vcmh-W³ koXsb {]tem- n- n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ]d-bp-¶p-v. 1. BcWy-ImWvUw 55þmw kÀK- nÂ,2. kpµ-c-ImWvUw 18 apXÂ 22 hsc-bpÅ kÀ¤-§-fnÂ Cu tÇmI- nsâ BZys¯ hcn hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ koXsb A]-l-cn- -Xn-\p-tijw DS³ \S- p¶ Bc-Wy-Im-WvU- nse koXm-{]-tem- -\-amWv Imhy hnjbw F¶p-tXm-¶pw. F¶mÂ cmh-Wsâ Atim-I-h-\n-Im-{]-th-i-\- n-\pÅ Hcp-¡-§-sfÃmw kpµ-c-Im-WvUs¯ A\p-k-cn- mWv {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£ kpµ-c-Im-WvU- nÂ cmh-Wsâ DZym-\-{]-th-i-\- n\v km£n-bmbn l\p-am-\p-v. N¼p-hnÂ l\p-am-s\-¡p-dn- pÅ Hcp ]cm-aÀi-hp-an-Ã. l\p-ams\ Hgp-hm-¡n-s¡m-pÅ Cu DZym-\-{]-th-i\w N¼p-Im-csâ kzX-{ -I-ev]\msshZ-Kv[y-s¯-bmWv Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv ).3. s]m³sIm-m-hXp sNbvItbm ]pS-htbm

cXv\-§tfm cmintbm

`wKym-\Ã Ie-¼t\m aW-ap-em-þho-Sp¶ IkvXq-cntbm

irwKm-c-{Zh ioX-fmw_p \ndbpwsNt¼m aWn-¡m-©ntbm

kwKw tNÀ -Xn-s\´p \ÂIp-h-sXtSmkoXbv¡p PmXm-Zcw

(cminþ ]g-b-Im-e v {]Nm-c- n-en-cp¶ kzÀ®-\m-W-bw. Ie-¼³ þ ]e-Xcw ]q¡Ä tImÀ¯p-m-¡p¶ ame. aW-ap-em-ho-Sp-¶-þ-kp-KÔw {]k-cn-¡p-¶. irwKm-c-{Zh ioX-fmw_pþir-Km-c-t]m-j-I-amb If`w, ]\n-\oÀ XpS-§n-bh IeÀ¯nb XWp- -sh-Åw. aWn-¡m-©n-þ-cXv\w ]Xn¨ Ac-ªm¬. kwKw-tNÀ -Xn-\v-þ-C-W-¡p-¶-Xn-\v. (kvt\lw Dm-¡p-¶-Xn-\v)......koXsb GXp-hn-[- nÂhio-I-cn¡mw F¶mWv cmh-Wsâ Nn´. kzÀ®w, hnti-j-s¸« hkv{X-§Ä, ]qam-e, kpK-Ô-{Z-hy-§Ä, B`-c-W-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-sbÃmw kv{XoIÄ¡p Xmev]-cy-ap-p-hp-atÃm Ah-bn-teXp \ÂIn-bmWv koX-bpsS kvt\lw k¼mZn-t¡-Xv F¶ F¶v cmh-W³ Nn´n-¡p-¶p.B Ime-L-«- nsetIc-f- nse Hcp CS-{]- p-hnsâ Omb-bmWv cmh-W\p \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu tIc-fo-b-X-bmWv]nÂ¡m-e¯v \¼ymÀ Xsâ Ihn-X-I-fnÂ hnI-kn- n- -Xv.hr¯w: imÀ±q-e-hn-{Io-UnXw4. e¦m-[o-i³ XZm\ow ]e-]-cn-Np-\n-cq-]n- p-sIm-À²-cmt{X

irwKm-c-t¡m¸v hmbv]n- n-\nb P\-I-Pm-k-¶n-[u-sN-¶-i¦wkwKw tNÀ¡p¶ \m\m-hn[ a[p-c-tNm-ssh- -ssh-cm-iz-kn- nþ¨wKo-IÀ¯-hy-ant¶ ]p\-cnXn kpZrVw Iev]-bm-am-k-Kp-Vw.

(XZm-\ow-þ-A-t¸mÄ, ]e-]-cn- p-þ-]-e-{]-Im-c- nÂ, irwKm-c-t¡m- p-hm-bv]n- vþ irwKm-c-t]m-j-I-§-fmb km[-\-§Ä kw`-cn- v, C\nb t{ijvT-bmb P\-IPm k¶n[u þ koX-bpsS kao-]¯v,a[p-c-h-tNm-ssh- ssh: þ a[p-c-am-b-hm-¡p-I-fpsS kmaÀ°y- mÂ. AwKo-IÀ¯hyw þ A\p-k-cn- n-¡-Ww......AÀ°w : At¸mÄ cmh-W³ ]e-{]-Im-c- nÂ ]n´n-cn¨v AÀ²-cm-{Xn-bnÂ irwKm-c-hÀ²-I-amb BS-bm- -c-W-§Ä [cn- pw, km[-\-§Ä kw`-cn¨pw t{ijvT-amb koX-bpsS ap¼nÂ aSn-Iq-SmsX sN¶v



Ahsf ]e hn[- n-epÅ a[p-c-hm-¡p-I-sf-s¡mv Biz-kn- n¨v C¶p-Xs¶ A\p-k-cn- n-¡-W-sa¶v cl-ky-ambn \nÝ-bn- p-d- n- p. hr¯w: {kKv²c5. Akva-Zzn-{I-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\n \nJne ss{Xtem-Iy-tl-em-P-bþ

{]lzo- qX kpcm -kp-cmWn _lp-tim- q-ta-ÊpXm irWzXo]Xyu-tZz-j-I-jm-bn-tX-\-a-\km kv\nKv[m-a-bnØmkyXnkv{XoWmw t{]a bZp- -tcm- c KpW-{Km-a-kv]rlm N©ew(AkvaXv + hn{I-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\n þ Akva-Zzn-{I-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\n þ Fsâ ]cm-{I-a-{]-hr- n-Isf,\nJn-

e-ss{X-tem-Iy-tl-em-P-b-{]-lzo- q-X-kp-cmWn (hn-{I-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\n F¶-Xnsâ hnti-j-Ww). aq¶p temI-§-sfbpw \njv{]-bmkw Pbn¨p tZhm-kp-c-·msc Iogvs -Sp- nb {]lzo- q-Xw-þ-tXm-ev]n-¡-s¸«. qta-Êp-Xm-þ- q-ao-]p-{Xn (-ko-X). irWzXn þ tIÄ¡p-¶-h-fm-bn-«v. ]Xyu-þ-]-Xn-bnÂ (`À¯m-hnÂ). tZzj-I-jm-bn-tX-a-\-km-þ-tZzjw IeÀ¶ a\-tÊm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-fm-bn. abn-þ-F-¶nÂ. kv\nKv²m-Øm-ky-Xn-þ-kv\n-Kv²-bmbn ØnXn-sN-¿pw. (kvt\-l-ap-Å-h-fmbn `hn-¡pw). bXv-þ-F- p-sIm-s-¶mÂ. kv{XoWmwt{]a:þkv{Xo-I-fpsS t{]aw. D¯-tcm-¯-c-Kp-W-{Km-akv ]rlm-N-©-ewþ taÂ¡p-taÂ t{ijvT-§-fmb KpW-§-fpsS Iq«- nÂ B{K-l-ap-Å-Xmbn N©-e-am-bn-cn-¡pw. kv]rlþB-{K-lw. {Kmaw-þ-Iq-«w.......AÀ°w:þ aq¶p temI-§-sfbpw \njv{]-bmkw Pbn- , kpcm-kp-c-·msc Iogvs -Sp- nb Fâ v ]cm-{I-a-{]-hr- n-Isf¡pdn¨v tI«v koX `À¯m-hnÂ tZzj-ap-Å-h-fmbn F¶nÂ kvt\l-ap-Å-h-fmbn`hn-¡pw. F´p-sIm-s-¶mÂ kv{XoI-fpsS t{]aw taÂ¡p-taÂ t{ijvT-§-fmb KpW-k-aq-l- nÂXmev]-cy-ap-Å-Xmbn N©-e-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

kv{XoIfptS kvt\lw N©-e-am-sW¶pw IqSp-XÂ KpW-ap-Ån-S-t¯¡v AXv Nen-¡p-sa¶pwcmh-W³ hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. Xsâ ]cm-{I-a-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ cma-t\m-SpÅ Xmev]cyw\in¨v koX X¶nÂ A\p-cp-à-bm-bn¯ocpw F¶mWv cmh-Wsâ {]Xo-£6. hnZyp-Önlzm! hnfn- o-SpI kI-e-Iem kpµcw N{µ-tZhw

apKv²w amWn-Iy-am-em-a-g-sIm-Sp-sImSp \o Nmcp-Xm-cm-K-Wm-\mþan°w am\n- p-Xq\mw KW-a]n khnt[ thW-a-kvam-Zr-im\mw

(hnZyp-Ön-lz³ þ iqÀ -W-J-bpsS `À¯mhv, hnZyp-Ön-lzs\ hnfn¨v cmh-W³ \ÂIp¶Iev]-\-bmWv Bdp apXÂ H¼Xp hsc-bpÅ ÇmI-§-fnÂ {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶-Xv,kIe Iem-kp-µcw þFÃm Ie-I-sf-s¡mpw ]qÀ®-\mb (kp-µ-c-\m-b), N{µ-tZhw-þN-{µ-tZ-h-s\. Akym-\n-im-bmw-þCucm{Xn-bnÂ, Nmcp-þ-a-t\m-l-c-am-b. AkvZr-im-\mwþ Fs¶-t¸m-se-bp-Å-h-cpsS.......AÀ°w: hnZyp-Önlzm kI-e-I-em-kp-µ-cmb N{µ-tZ-hs\ hnfn-¡p-I. Cu cm{Xn-bnÂ at\m-l-c-amb\nem-hnsâ \ndw-sImv tim`-h-cp- Ww. \£-{X-K-W-§Ä¡v ap¯p-sImpw amWn-Iyw-sImpwDm-¡nb ame-IÄ \ÂIp-I. Fs¶-t¸m-se-bp-Å-h-cpsS kao-]¯v FÃm EXp-¡fpw _lp-am-\-]qÀÆw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. AÀ²-cm-{Xn¡v ]qÀ®-N-{µ³ DZn-¡pI F¶Xv {]Ir-Xn-bnÂ kw`-hn-¡p-¶-X-ÃtÃm? Xsâ {]`mhw ImWn-¡m-\mWv B AÀ²-cm-{Xn¡v ]qÀ®-N-{µ³ DZn-¡Ww F¶v cmh-W³]d-bp-¶-Xv. Akm-²y-am-bXp km[n-¡p-¶-Xn-em-WtÃm alXzw ØnXn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv.7. kzÀthiym KÀÆ-lo\w Na-I, P\-I-Pmþ

k¶n-[u\mw ]pd-s¸þ«mhym-t£]w \S¡pw s]mgpXp hgn-sX-fn-

¨o-Sp-hm-\-{K- mtKHÆm-a-WvtUm-Z-cn-s¡-¶Xp a\-kn-I-fþ

sªs¶ c£n¡ koXmsNmÆm- q-t´³ hg-§o-Sp-In-sem-gnsb hcmþ

Xm\p-sa-¶m-e-Xm-kvXmw.(kzÀth-iyþDÀÆ-in, ta\-I, cw`, Xntem- a XpS-§nb tZh-tem-I- nse thiy-IÄ, Ahym-

t£-]wþ ZrV-\n-Ý-b-t¯m-sS. (X-SÊw IqSm-sX) A{K- m-tKþ ap¼nÂ. HÆm-þ-H-¡p-I-bn-Ã. sNmÆm-



]q-t´³þ Nph¶ Npp-I-fm-Ip¶ ]pXnb tX³. BkvXmwþ Ccn-¡-s«........AÀ°w: koXm k¶n-[n-bn-tebv¡v ZrV-\n-Ý-b-t¯msS ]pd-s -Sp¶ Ah-k-c- nÂ ap³]nÂ hgn-Im-Wn-¡p-hm³ kÀtÆ-iy-IÄ KÀÆn-ÃmsX AWnsªmcp-§p-I. aWvtUm-Z-cn¡v AXv H¡p-I-bn-Ã.(C-jvS-s -Sp-I-bn-Ã) F¶ hnNmcw a\-ÊnÂ \n¶v Ifªv Fs¶ c£n-¡p-I. koX-bpsS sN©p-p-I-fm-Ip¶ tX³ hg-§pI F¶-sXm-gn¨v aäp-Å-sXÃmw Ccn-¡-s«.

aWvtUm-Z-cnsb ]cn-N-cn-¡m-\mWv cmh-W³ kzÀtÆ-iy-Isf kzÀ¤- p-\n¶v sImp-h-¶-Xv.koXm-h-io-I-c-W- n\v Ahsc sImp-t]m-Ip-¶Xv aWvtUm-Z-cn¡v CjvSs -Sp-I-bnÃ F¶p hnNm-cn¨v AhÀ hcm-Xn-cp-¶mtem F¶v i¦n- mWv cmh-W³ C§s\ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Ct¸mÄ aWvtUm-Z-cn-bpsS Imcyw t\mt¡-, koXm-h-io-I-c-W- n\v Xs¶ klm-bn- mÂ aXn F¶v Bi-bw)8. ]msem- oSpw \nem-h- -g-In-s\mSp ]pd-þ

s¸«p \nÂ¡pw ZimbmwXmen-s -®p-§-f-¿m-bn-c-sam-cp-X-cta

thW-sa-¶-t{K-k-tJewtIme- m-c-¼-\¼pw Xncp-In-b-cn-In-emþ

tIW-a³t]m-Sp-s]m-¶n³Xme- nÂ ssIhn-f-¡n³ \nc \nc-h[n

thWw Itc Iman-\o\mw(]mep-t]m-epÅ \nem-hnÂ Rm³ AWn-sªm-cp§n ]pd-s -Sm³ \nÂ¡p-t¼mÄ Fsâ ap¼nÂ

eoem-hn-em-k-t¯mSp IqSn A¿m-bncw awK-ey-h-Xn-I-fmb kv{XoIÄ Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. Iman-\n-am-cpsSssIbnÂ ssIhn-f-¡p-I-fpsS \nc \nc-h[n Dm-h-Ww.

BtLm-j- n\v awK-ey-h-Xn-I-fmb kv{XoIÄ Xme-s¸m-en-sb-Sp¯p ap¼nÂ \S-¡p¶ tIc-f-¯nse BNm-c-s -bmWv cmh-Wsâ hm¡p-IÄ A\p-kva-cn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. Atim-I-h-\n-I-bn-te¡v \qdpkpµ-cn-IÄ cmh-Ws\ ]n³Xp-SÀ¶p F¶mWv hmevaoIocmam-b-W- nÂ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. AXv N¼p-Im-c³ A¿m-bn-c-am-¡n).9. ]mtSWw ]mÀiz- mtK a[p-a-[p-c-Kncm

\mc-Z³ Xm³ hnti-jn-þ¨m-tSWw ap¼n-em-½m-d-a-c-]p-c-N-tImþ

cm£n-am-cm- -Km\wKpVw t`Zn¨p koXmw hnc-shmSp hi-amþ

¡oSp-hm-s\- p-]mbwKmVw \man-¶p-aäpw ]e-h-gn-s]-cpam

tdWan¶pw {]Im-cw.( a[p-a-[p-c-Kncm þ tX³t]mse a[p-c-amb hm¡-IÄsIm-v, Aa-c-]p-c-N-tIm-cm-£n-amÀ-þ-

kzÀ¤-kp-µ-cn-amÀ. B¯-Km-\wþ BZm\w sN¿-s¸« (kzo-I-cn-¡-s -«) Km\-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn. t`Zn- v-þ-C-f-¡n. koXmwþ koX-sb....... Rm³ t]mIp¶ Ah-k-c- nÂ Fsâ ]mÀiz- m-K¯v \mc-Z³ tX³t]mse a[p-c-amb ]Z-§-fmÂ]mS-Ww. ap¼nÂ kzÀ¤-kp-µ-cn-amÀ ]mSn-s¡mv \r¯w hbv¡-Ww. kq{X- nÂ koX-bpsS a\-Ên-f¡n Ahsf thK- nÂ hi-am-¡m-\pÅ D]mbw F´mtWm AsXÃmw KmV-ambn \mw C¶p{]tbm-Kn-¡-Ww.

“a[p-a-[p-c-Kncm” F¶-Xn\v “a[p-c-X-c-Kncm” F¶pw “s]cp-am-td-W-an-¶pw-{]-Imcw” F¶-Xn\v “s]cp-am-td-W-an¶pw {]Imaw” F¶pw ]mT-t`-Z-ap-v).10. C°w Iev]n-s -gp-t¶-äf-hp-Z-b-Kncu

sasÃ sasÃ-¶p-Zn¨pNn¯m-\µw P\m\mw sXfn-shmSp hf-cpwþ

amdp ]obq-j-[mam]¯m-imt´ sNmcn-ªo-Sn\ lna-I-Wn-Imþ

amebm sasÃ sasÃ



¶nss{X-temIyw IpfpÀ¸n- -\p-]-a-]-c-amþ\µ-k-tµm-l-Zm-bn.

(]obq-j-[m-am-þ-A-ar-Xn\v Ccn- n-S-am-b-h³ (N-{µ³). ]¯m-im-t -þ-]- p-Zn-¡nepw. ]c-am-\-µ-k-tµm-l-Zm-bn-þ-]-c-am-\-µ-k-tµm-ls¯ \ÂIp-¶-h³, ktµm-lwþ Iq«w........cmh-W³ C{]-Imcw Iev]n¨v Fgp-t¶ä Ah-k-c- nÂ P\-§-fpsS lrZ-b- nÂ B\µw sXfn-ªphc- -¡-hn-[- nÂ, ]¯p-Zn-¡nepw sNmcnª aªn³ XpÅn-bm-Ip¶ ame-sb-s¡mv aq¶p temI-s¯bpw IfpÀ¸n¨v ]c-am-\-µ-k-aqlw \ÂIp-hm-\mbn Db-Z-]ÀÆ-X¯nÂ N{µ³ ]Xp-s¡- -Xps¡DZn- p.

XpSÀ¶p hcp¶ KZyhpw 11,12,13 F¶o tÇmI§fpw Nt{µm-Z-bs¯ hÀ®n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. hÀ®-\-I-fmWv alm-Im-hy-§-fpsSsb¶-t]mse N¼p-Im-hy-§-fp-sSbpw Bßm-hv. IY-bn-epÅ {]m[m-\ytamkµÀ`tam H¶p hÀ®-\-bpsS Imcy- nÂ N¼p-amÀ ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-dn-Ã).KZyw1.

{]mNo-c-aWo hZ\w t]msecP-\o-tbm-jm-ap-Ipcw t]msesF{µo-I-\-I-t¯mS IWs¡aZ-\-s -®n³ Xmen-I-Ws¡kpc-X-Kp-tcm-sc-gp-am-hW t]msea·-Y-h-c-hn-se-XnÀ¯p ]nSn¡pwsh×p- p-¡pS Xs¶-t¸mseaµw t]m¶p-Zn-bmb iim¦:]obpjs¯fn X¶nÂ hnf§pwIÀ¸q-c-s¸mSn XqIn-\-t]msess{Xtem-Iy- n³ ]p©n-cn-t]mse]mÂ¡-SÂ t]m¶p hcp¶ IWt¡]mWvUp-c- kvaw NnX-dn-\-t]msesh¬I-fn-sb§pw tX -I-Ws¡ap¯p-IÄsImp hnX- -I-Ws¡IpfpÀa-bnÂh-fcpw a[p-c-\n-em-hn³{]`-I--Jn-e-\n-im-N-c-\n-hlw{]nb-X-a-am-scmSp tNÀ¶p-I-fn- þ§`n-\-h-a-[p-]m-t\m-Õ-h-amÀ¶p.at\m- mh X{´w ]pXp-a-s]-Sp¯pw]S-Ifn ]e-X-c-amip XpSÀ¶pw\ne-hn-fn-\n-hnsc \S- n-bp-a¿m!]e ]e tIfn hnt\m-Z-an-b¶pw]c-am-\-µ-]-tbm-\n[n X¶nÂ]c-amÀt°\ \na-á-a-tijw({]mNo-c-a-Wo-h-Z-\w-þ-In-g-s¡-Zn-¡m-Ip¶ kv{XobpsS apJw, sF{µoþ C{µmWn (In-gs¡ Zn¡v)

sF{µo-I-\-I-t¯mS F¶-Xn\p ]Icw e£vao-I-\-I-t¯msS F¶pw ]mT-ap-v, kpcX-Kp-tcm-þ-kpcX-Kpcphnsâ, Bh-W-þ-B-h-W- -eI (C-cn- n-Sw) DZn-bm-b-þ-D-Zn- p, ]mWvUp- -kvaw-þ-sh-fp- - -kvaw. sh¬I-fn-þ-sh-fp¯ sNfn (Ip-g-¼v),at\m- -h-X-{´wþIma-imkv{Xw, ]pXp-a-s]-Sp¯pw þ ]pXnb coXn-bnÂ{]tbm-Kn- pw. \nhn-scþ D - nÂ.........

BZys¯ F«p-h-cn-I-fnÂ DZn- p-b-cp¶ N{µ-s\bpw, ASp¯ F«p-h-cn-I-fnÂ \nem-hn-s\bpwhÀ®n-¡p-¶p. N{µnI cm£-k-¡q-«- n-ep-m-¡nb {]Xn-I-c-W-amWv ASp¯ hcn-I-fnÂ.N{µ³ Ings¡Zn¡m-Ip¶ kpµ-cn-bpsS apJ-am-sW¶pw cm{Xn-bm-Ip¶ kv{XobpsS I®m-Sn-bm-sW¶pw BZys¯cp hcn-I-fnÂ DÂt{]-£n-¡p-¶p. “t]mse” F¶Xv D]-am-hm-N-I-sa-¶-Xp-t]mse DÂt{]-£m-hm-N-I-hp-am-Wv. D]-ta-b- n\v Bh-iy-ap-Å-XnÂ¡-hnª hnti-jWw D]-am-\- n\v Dm-bn-cn-¡p-ItbmsNbvXmÂ Ahn-S-§-fnse t]mse F¶-Xns\ DÂt{]-£m-hm-N-I-ambn IW-¡m-¡Ww F¶mWv



Ae-¦m-c-im-kv{X-\n-b-aw. Cu \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn¨v ChnsS DÂt{]-£-bmWv Ae-¦m-cw. “{]mNo-c-aWn”“cP-\o-tbmj” F¶n-hn-S-§-fnÂ cq]-I-hp-ap-v.

ASp¯ hcn-I-fnÂ D]-a-bmWv Ae-¦m-cw. N{µs\ sF{µn-bpsS I\-I-t¯m-S-tbmSpw cXn-bpsS Xmen-tbmSpw Ima-tZ-hsâ Bh-W- -e-I-tbmSpw ap¯p-¡p-StbmSpw kmZr-iy-s -Sp-¯-Xn-bn-cn¡p¶XpsImv amtem-]-a.

\nem-hns\ Aar-X-{Z-h-¯nÂ XqInb IÀ¸q-c-s¸m-Sn-bmtWm F¶pw ]memgn h¶p ]c-¶-XmtWm F¶pw ]mWvUp-c- kvaw NnX-dn-b-XmtWm F¶pw ap¯p hnX- -XmtWm F¶pw _e-ambni¦n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv DÂt{]-£. \nem-hnsâ ioX-fn-abpw, I®n-\p-\ÂIp¶ kuJy-hpw, \nd-hpw, BIÀj-IXzhpw Cu Iev]-\-IÄ hyRvPn- n-¡p-¶p. H¶n-s\- s¶ ]e-Xmbn i¦n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv amtemÂt{]£ Ae-¦m-cw.

\nemhv Imtam-±o-]-I-am-WtÃm? cm£-k-¡q-«- nÂ \nem-hp-WÀ¯nb cXn- m-h-{]-I-S-\-§-fmWv ASp¯ hcn-I-fnÂ hÀ®n-¡p-¶-Xv).11. It]mte amÀÖmc:]b-C-Xn-I-cm³teVniin-\þ

kvXcp-bvOn-{Z-t{]m-Xm³ _nk-CXn Icow kwh-ebXncXmt´ Xev]-Øm³ lcXn h\n-Xm-]yw-ip-IanXn{]`m-a- -Ýt{µm PK-Zn-Z-atlm hn{`-a-b-Xn. (Xcp-Ñn-{Z-t{]m-Xm³ (a-c- n-\n-S-bn-eqsS IS¶p hcp-¶), _nk-CXn (Xm-a-c-h-f-b-am-sW-¶v {àn-

¨v), kwh-e-bXn (h-en-¡p-¶p) , cXm-t´(-kw-t`m-Km-h-km-\- nÂ),Xev]-Øm³ (X-ev]- n-en-cn-¡p-¶), AwipIw CXnþ (h-kv{X-am-sW-¶p- [-cn- v), lcXn (F-Sp-¡p-¶p), {]`m-a¯:N{µ: ({]- m-a- -\mbN{µ³), PK-ZnPw (Cu temI-s¯)........

N{µ³ ]e-cn-ep-m-¡nb {à-amWv Cu tÇmI- nÂ hÀ®n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]q¨ Xsâ Ihn-fnÂ]Xn¨ N{µ-civan Iv ]mem-sW¶v sXän-²-cn¨v \¡p-¶p. ac- n-\n-S-bn-eqsS IS-¶p-h-cp¶ N{µ-c-ivan-IÄ In«v Xma-c-h-f-b-am-sW¶v sXän-²-cn¨v B\ ]nSn¨p hen-¡p-¶p. kwt`m-Km-\- cw InS-¡-bn-en-cn-¡p¶ kv{Xobv¡v AXv hkv{X-am-sW-¶mWv tXm¶n-b-Xv. kmZriyw sImpÅ {àw hÀ®n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mÂ {`mń-am³ Ae-¦m-cw).12. Nµ-\-NÀ¨m IpNtbm:

[½ntÃ aÃn-Im-Zma£uXw \nXw-_-_nwt_N{µ-Icm: £ma-a-²ym-\mw.(£ma-a-²ym-\mw-þ-Ir-i-a-²y-IÄ¡v (kp-µ-cn-IÄ¡v), IpN-tbmþ IpN-§-fnÂ (kvX-\-§-fnÂ),

N{µ-Im-cm(-N-{µ-c-ivan-IÄ), Nµ-\-NÀ¨m (N-µ-\-te-]-am-bn- oÀ¶p), [½n-tÃ(-X-e-ap-Sn-s¡-«nÂ), aÃn-Im-Zm-a(-ap-Ã- q-am-e-bm-bn- oÀ¶p), \nXw-_-_nw-t_(\n-Xw-_- nÂ), £uaw(-sh¬]-«m-bn).....kpµ-cn-am-cpsS kvX\-§-fnÂ ]Xn¨ N{µ-civan Nµ-\-te]w t]msebpw Xe-ap-Sn-bnÂ ]Xn¨ N{µ-civan apÃ¸q-am-e-t]m-sebpw \nXw-_- nÂ ]Xn¨ N{µ-civan sh¬]-«p-t]m-sebpw tim`n- p.Nµ-\- nsâ IpfnÀabpw apÃ- q-hn-sâbpw sh¬]-«n-sâbpw \nchpw N{µ-c-ivan-IÄ¡p-m-Ip-fpÀ½bpwapÃ- q-hn-sâbpw sh¬]-«n-sâbpw \ndhpw N{µ-c-ivan-IÄ¡p-m-bn-cp¶p F¶p hywKyw.H¶ns\ ]e-Xmbn Iev]n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv DtÃJw Ae-¦m-cw).13. tPymÕv\m-I-µf km{µ-N-µ-\-c-kþ

ØmsskÀ±n-im-tbm-jnXmwIpÀÆmW: ]cn-IÀ½ \À½ kNnh:

IµÀ -]r-Yzo-]tX:\n{ZmWmw {]Xn-t_m-[-b³ Ipap-Zn\ow

]obq-j-[m-cm-fbmaqÀ¯ym hniz-hn-tem-N-\m\n kpJn-b³

tZthm-_ù N{µa:tPymÕv\mþ \nem-hv, Iµfw þ apf (A-¦p-cw) , km{µ-N-µ-\-c-kw-þ-sIm-gp¯ Nµ-\-¨md,v

Ømssk-þ-te-]-\w, Znim-tbm-jn-Xmw-þ-Zn-¡p-I-fm-Ip¶ kv{XoIÄ¡v IÀÆmW: sN¿p-¶-h-\m-bn.IµÀ -]r-Yzo-]tX: þ Ima-tZ-h-\m-Ip¶ cmPm-hn-sâ. \n{ZmWw Ipap-Zn\ow þ Dd-§n-¡n-S-¡p¶ B¼Âs¸m-bvI-sb. {]Xn-t_m-[-b³-þ-D-WÀ¯p-¶-h-\mbn. ]obp-j-[m-cm-f-bm-þ-A-ar-X-[m-c-sImvhniz-hn-tem-N-\m-\n-þ-tem-I- nsâ I®n-Isf. kpJn-b³þ kpJn- n-¡p-¶-h-\m-bn. tZthm N{µa:þN{µtZ-h³. _ù-þ-tim- n- p.........



N{µ-tZ-h³ Zn¡p-I-fm-Ip¶ kv{Xosb \nem-hnsâ A¦p-c-am-Ip¶ sImgp¯ Nµ-\- mdp ]qip-¶-h-\mbpw Ima-tZ-h-\m-Ip¶ cmPm-hnsâ ]cn-IÀ½-§Ä sN¿p¶ \À½ kNo-h-\mbpw Aar-X-[m-c-sImvB¼Âs¸m-bvIsb DWÀ¯p-¶-h-\mbpw cq]w-sImv temI- nsâ I®p-Isf kpJn- n-¡p-¶-h-\mbpw tim`n¨p).14. ap¶w ]utem-an-X³ t]eh Ic-X-fn-cmÂ am\nXw \Ã ]p¯³þ

s]m¶n³ I®mSn ssIsIm--g-sImSpXncpapÂ¡mgvNhö-Sp-hm³ \oh¶o-sS³ ]qÀ® N{µ-{]-Ya alnjntafw IeÀ¶n§p-]mt´[t\y! koXm {]km-Z- n\p XpW-s]-Sp-am- -d-izn\o hniz-ctay!(cmh-W³ \£-{X-§sf hnfn¨p ]d-bp-¶-XmWv 14 apXÂ 22 hsc-bpÅ tÇmI-§Ä \£-{X-

§-tfm-SpÅ cmh-Wsâ A`yÀ°\ Ihn-bpsS mh-\m-kr-jvSn-bm-Wv. P\-Isâ Ipe-]Xn N{µ-\m-b-Xp-sImv N{µsâ `mcy-am-cmb \£-{X-§Ä sN¶p ]d-ªmÂ koX Xsâ CwKn-X- n\p hgp§pwF¶mWv cmh-Wsâ `mh\. N{µ\pw \£-{X-§fpw Xt¶m-sSm- -ap-m-Ip-¶Xv N{I-hÀ¯n F¶\ne-bnepÅ {]uVnsb ImWn-¡p-¶-Xp-am-W-tÃm. 27 \£-{X-§fpw N{µsâ `mcy-am-cmWv F¶mWvk¦-ev]-sa-¦nepw AizXn apXÂ ]qbw hsc-bpÅ F«p \£-{X-§-tfmSp am{Xta ]-d-bp-¶p-Åq.Aiz-Xn-tbm-SpÅ A`yÀ°-\-bmWv Cu tÇmIw.AÀ°w: AÃtbm ]qÀ®-N-{µ-{]-Ya aln-jn-bpw [\ybpw hniz-c-ay-bp-amb Aiz\o! koXm {]km-Z-¯n\p klm-b-I-am-I- -¡-h®w, ]v C{µm-Wn-Xsâ at\m-l-c-amb ssIsImv am\n- n-«pÅ ]p¯³kzÀ®-¡-®mSn ssIbn-se-Sp¯v koXbv¡v Xncp-apÂ¡mgvN hbv¡m³ thn \o Fâ-b-Sp v h¶m-epw).15. apKvt²! Zqc- p-\n-Ãm-bvI-cn-InÂ hcn-sItSm Pm\-Io-ZÀit\\oþ

bt{X-an{Xw \nc-kvXm-a-b-a-Xn¶p XpWöSp-apÂ¸m-Sn-Zm\owssI¯m-cnÂ tNÀ¯p-ta-t·Â s]cnb ]cn-afwt]mbv -c-t¶mcp ]p¯³þIkvXp-cn-IÀ±-a- q-¼-cWn `c-Wnbmw am\n\n auen-amte!

(\nc-kvXm-a-bw-þ-B-abw CÃmsX (Zp:Jw \in- v) IÀ±-aw-þ-tNdv (sN-fn)....... apKvt²!am\n\o auen-amte! `cWo! \o eÖn¨p Zqsc \nÂ¡msX ASp¯p hcn-I. Pm\-Io-ZÀi-\- nÂ\obmWv F\n¡v ASp¯ an{Xw. kt´m-j-t¯msS ]pXnb IkvXq-cn-¡p-g-¼nsâ hÀ²n¨ kwKÔw]c-¡p¶ ]p¯³ `cWn ssIbn-se-Sp¯v AXn\v (Pm-\-Io-ZÀi-\- n\v) Fs¶ klm-bn- m-epw.`c-Wn-tbmSv ]p¯³`-cWn ssIbn-se-Sp-¡m³ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p).16. hmÀtXSpw aÃn-Im]qw ]cn-a-f-_-lfmw amenImw amen-W§pw

sshtZlo _me-\o-e-¡-cn-angn apcn-InÂ NmÀ¯ns\ {]oW-bówBZm-b-\µ hm]o-k-ene el-cntI! t]mc-Sp- n§p cmImþioXmw-tim-cm-Ip-em-tem-I\w a[p-c-kp-[mhÀ¯ntI ImÀ¯ntI! \o

( B\-µ-hm-]o-k-en-e-e-l-cn-Iþ B\-µ-am-Ip¶ Pem-i-b- nse sNdnb Xnc, cmIm-io-Xmw-ip-þ-]qÀ®-N-{µ³, BIp-em-tem-I-\w-þ-]-c-h-i-amb t\m«w. kp[m-hÀ¯n-I-þ-A-ar-Xnsâ ajn-¡q-«v........B\-µ-hm-]o-k-en-e-e-l-cn-tI , cmIm-io-Xmw-tim-cm-IpemtemI-\-kp[m hÀ¯ntI! ImÀ¯ntI! amen-W-§p¶ sshtZ-ln-bm-Ip¶ _me-kp-µ-cn-bpsS Xe-ap-Sn-s¡-«ns\ {]oWn- n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn at\m-l-c-amb ]cn-afw A[n-I-apÅ apÃ- q-ame ssI¿n-se-Sp¯v ASp- p-h-¶m-epw.

aq¶m-as¯ \£-{X-amb ImÀ¯nItbmSp ]d-bp-¶-Xm-Wn-Xv. B\-µ-am-Ip¶ Pem-i-b- nseXnc-am-e-bmbpw N{µsâ ]c-h-i-amb t\m«- n\v ajn-¡q-«mbpw ImÀ¯n-Isb IÂ]n-¡p-¶p. I®p-IÄ¡v IpfnÀ½-]-IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xm-WtÃm ajn-¡q-«v. ImÀ¯n-Isb ImWp¶ N{µ\v AXy-[n-I-amb B\µw Dm-Ip¶p F¶v hywKyw.17. hmÀ¯mÀ_m-W³ ]S-s¡m-«n-enÂ anIhp]pI-gvsIm ]qÀt®µp km{µþ

{]oXym-tNÀ¯pw ]pWÀ¶o-Sn\ \ncp-]airwKmc awK-ey-cqt]!BkvXmw amWn-Iy-amem ]p\-cnb abn-\n³]mWn-bnÂ {]mW-\m-YmþKm{Xm-temtI ]pXp-{]m- r-X-anXp aZ-\t{ZmlntWm tcmlnWo! ta(hmÀ¯mÀ _mW³ þ Ima-tZ-h³, km{µ-{]o-Xym-þ-hÀ²n¨ kt´m-j-t¯m-Sp-IqSn, BkvXmwþ

Ccn-¡-s«. Cubwþ Cu, {]mW-\m-Ym-Km-{Xm-tem-tI-þ-{]m-W-\m-Y-bpsS ico-c-ZÀi-\- nÂ, ]pXp-{]m- r-



Xw-þ-]p-Xp-Xmb ImgvN-{Z-hyw. aZ-\-t{Zm-lnW: aZ-\-\mÂ t{Zmln-¡-s¸« (Im-a-]o-Un-X-bm-b)......... Ima-tZ-hsâ ]S-s¡m-«n-enÂ anIhp t\Snb ]qÀ®-N-{µ³ hÀ²n¨ A\p-cm-K-t¯msS Benw-K\w sN¿p¶\ncp-]-a-irw-Kmc awK-ey-cq-]-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb AÃtbm tcmlnWo Cu amWn-Iy-ame \nsâ ssIbn-en-cn-¡-s«. {]mW-\m-Y-bpsS ico-c-ZÀi-\- nÂ aZ-\-t{Zm-ln-bmb F\n¡v CXp ]pXnb ImgvN-{Z-hy-am-Wv.Ima-tZ-hsâ tk\m-\m-b-I\pw a{ń-bp-amWv N{µ³ F¶mWv Ihn k¦-ev]w. N{µsâ ]«-a-ln-jn-bm-Wv tcmln-Wn. N{µ³ Gähpw IqSp-XÂ kvt\ln-¡p-¶Xpw tcmln-Wn-sb-bm-Wv. irwKmc cq]n-Wn-bmb Ah-fpsS klm-b-ap-s-¦nÂ aZ-\-t{Zm-l- nÂ \n¶p X\n¡p tamN\w In«pw F¶mWv cmh-Wsâ Bi-bw).18. \o irwKm-c-¡p-dn-¡q-s«Sp aI-bn-cta! awK-em-tam-Z-]m-tYmþ

cmti-cm-tem-e-ho-No-\n-c-bn-ep-e-InSw ap§p-am-d-§p-]mt´Bi-t¦-Xn-¦-ftÃm Ipe-]Xn P\-I¶mI-bmÂ \n§Ä hoXþhymPw sN¶pw ]d-ªo-Sp-In-enl catX XÂkp-Xm-a-Õ-aot].

(AÃtbm! aI-bn-cta! awK-f-I-c-amb kpK-Ô-am-Ip¶ kap-{Z- nse Xnc-am-e-bnÂ temIwapgp-h³ ap§- -¡-h®w \o irwKm-c-¡q«v FSp- m-epw. P\-Isâ Ipe-]Xn N{µ-\m-W-tÃm. AXp-sImv \n§Ä \nÀhymPw sN¶p ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ At±-l- nsâ ]p{Xn Fsâ-b-Sp-¡Â can¡pwF¶v Rm³ hnNm-cn-¡p-¶p.P\-I-a-lm-cm-Pm-hnsâ Ipe-]-Xn-bmb N{µ-t\mSv koXbv¡v _lp-am-\-ap-m-Ip-a-tÃm. AXp-sImv N{µsâ `mcy-am-cmb \£-{X-§Ä sN¶p ]d-ªmÂ koX XÅn-¡-f-bp-I-bn-Ã).19. Xqsh¬ap-¯-cn-sImp XoÀ¯p-Xp-SÀsIm-XypÖew ssI¯te

\o amWn-Iy-a-Wn-¡-c--I-sa-Sp¯pwsIm--J-WvUm-Zcwhm hm \nń-cn-hm-Xptc abn-Ir-]mteiw IeÀ¶-tÃmtbmtahp¶q Xncp-hm-Xntc! P\-I-PmtemImb \mw t]mI-tbm.

(Xqsh¬apcn þ at\m-l-c-amb shfp¯ ap¯p-a-Wn, XpSÀþXp-SÂ, Ic--Iw-þ-sN- v. AJ-WvUm-Z-cw-þ-h-enb BZ-c-thm-Sp-IqSn, P\-I-Pm-tem-Im-bþ koXsb ImWp-¶-Xn-\p-th-n.....at\m-l-c-amb shÅ-ap- p-sIm-p-XoÀ¯ XpS-ep-sImp tim`n-¡p¶ amWn-Iy-s¨¸v ssIbn-se-Sp¯v AÃtbm Xncp-hm-Xntc h¶mepw. Zp:JnX-\mb F¶nÂ Ir]m-te-i-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-btÃ \nsâNmbvhv tahp-¶-Xv. (Zp:JnX-\mb Ft¶mSp \n\¡v Aev]-sa-¦nepw Ir]-bntÃ F¶v Bi-bw) P\-I-P-bpsS ZÀi-\- n-\p-thn \ap¡p t]mImw.

“Xncp-hm-Xptc” F¶ i_vZ-k-ap- bw AÀ°-t -Z-t¯m-Sp-IqSn BhÀ¯n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv‘baIw’ F¶ i_vZm-e-¦mcw).20. F¶pw \o thW-at{X \r]-kp-Xsb hi¯m¡p-hm-t\Xp sNbvXpw

[t\y! tIÄ hÃ-hÀ¡pw hyk-\-Z-i-bn-e§Ãtbm _Ôp thq?F¶mÂ hs¶-¶p-]mt´ shfp-shsf hnekpw \Ã Xmw_qe ]qÀ®ws]m¶n³ XÆ-s¡-Sp- o-Sn-\nb ]pWÀXta Pm\-Io-ZÀit\ \o.

( [t\y! ]pWÀXta! \o thWw GXp-sNbvXpw B cmP-]p-{Xnsb hio-I-cn-t¡--Xv. hyk-\-Z-i-bn-em-WtÃm BfpIÄ¡v _Ôp-¡Ä th-Xv. AXp-sImv Pm\-Io-ZÀi-\m-h-k-c- nÂ \o Fsâ-b-Sp-¡Â h¶v \Ã-h®w tim`n-¡p¶, Xmw_qew \ndª kzÀ® shän-e- «v FSp- m-epw.

“hÃ-hÀ¡pw hyk-\-Z-i-bn-e-§-Ãtbm _Ôp-thq” F¶ kmam-\y-XXzw sImp “\othWw\r]-kp-Xsb hi- m-¡p-hm-t\Xp sNbvXpw” F¶ hnti-j-X-Xzs¯ kaÀ°n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImvAÀ°m- -c-\ym-kw).21. Nn{Xw tNcpw aWn-¡-Ãp-I-f-X\p ]XnösSgpw \Ã s]m¶n³þ

]p¯³ Imfm©n ssIs¡m--ar-X-I-c\tam-cmPy km{am-Py-tcJ!apKvt[ h¶o-Sp-]mt´ ]pXp-a-sbm-Sbn koXm-h-temtI XpW- m³s]mÂ¯mÀ _mtWm-Õ-hm-Uw-_-c-\h \h-]o-bq-jta ]qbta \o

(Nn{Xw tNcpwþ at\m-l-c-am-b. AX\p þ [mcm-f-am-bn. Imfm-©n-þ-tIm-fm-¼n. Aar-X-I-c³-þ-N-{µ³. s]mÂ¯mÀt_m-Õhw þ Imtam-Õ-hw. \h-\-h-]o-bq-jw-þ-G-ähpw ]pXnb Aar-Xv........



Aar-X-I-c-a-t\m-cm-Py-km-{am-Py-tctJ! s]mÂ¯mÀ_m-tWm-Õ-hm-Uw-_c\h-]o-bq-jtaapKvt²! ]qbta! \o at\m-l-c-amb cXv\-¡-Ãp-IÄ [mcm-f-ambn ]Xn¨ kzÀ®-a-b-amb ]pXnb tImfm¼nssIbn-se-Sp¯v koXm-h-tem-I-\-¯n\v Fs¶ klm-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn Fsâ-b-Sp¯v h¶m-epw.]qbs¯ N{µsâ at\m-cm-Py-km-{am-Py- nsâ AXnÀ¯n-bmbpw Imtam-Õ-hm-Uw-_c ]obp-j-ambpw Iev]n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]qb- n-\- pdw N{µsâ at\m-cmPyw sNÃp-¶n-Ã: thdm-scbpw [ym\n-¡p-¶nÃ F¶v BZys¯ Iev]-\-bpsS hywKyw. cm-as¯ Iev]-\-sImv Ima-tI-fo-I-fnÂ hnZ-Kv²-bmWv ]qbw F¶v hyRvPn¡p-¶p.

]qb- n-\p-ti-j-apÅ \£-{X-§sf cmh-W³ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿m- Xv F´p-sIm-m-sW¶p hyà-aÃ. ‘bm{X ]pd-s -«mÂ aS-§m¯ \mÄ’ Bb-Xp-sIm-mWv Bbneys¯ kvacn-¡m-¯-Xv F¶v hymJym-Xm-hmb amS-tÈcn ]d-bp-¶pv. aäp \£-{X-§Ä¡v CXp-t]mse Zqjyw DÅ-Xp-sIm-m-tWm, AtXm ]qbs¯ at\m-cm-Py-km-{am-Py-tc-J-bmbn Iev]n- -Xp-sIm-mtWm XpSÀ¶vkvacn-¡m- Xv F¶p hyà-a-Ã).KZyw 2

lc lc tLmj-a-tim-Im-cmtacm£-k-\m-Y³ t]mhm³ Xp\nbpwt\cw ]qtc shs¦mä¡pSsh©m-a-c-IÄ hnNn-{X-s -«n-IÄaWn-]o-T-§Ä aWn- m-en-I-sfþ¶n¯-c-tamtcm t`Zw aWn-abin_n-I-IÄ ]Ån- -p-I-fm-\-IÄIpXnc-IÄ ]Ã-¡p-Ifpw shÅnþ¡mfm-©n-Ifpw ]e ]e s]m¶n³Imfm-©n-Ifpw Ip¼n-fp, an{µþ¡pSbpw N{µ-¡p-Sbpw N¼-I-þame¡pSbpw sIm¼pw s]m¶n³þIml-fm-a-ar-X-hn-cm-hnWn s]m¶n³þNn¶pw No\-¡p-gepw hoW-Iþ-tfm-tcm-s¶mcp hI \nc-h[n hn_p-[þkv{XoIÄ Na-sªmcp `mtKhnZym-[-cn-I-sf-Sp-s¯mcp `mtKIn¶c cm£k \K-co-th-i-hn-em-kn-\nþamcp--t{K-]mÀ¯mÂ s]m¶n³þXfn-I-IÄ shÅn- -fn-IþIfn- -c-tamtcm Xfn-I-bnÂ \nd-b-¡q¼pwPzme-I-eÀ¶ hnNn-{X-hn-f-¡p-IÄkml-{knI Zi-km-l-{knI iXþkml-{kn-I-I-fp-bÀ¶ hnf-¡p-IÄAw_-c-Zo]w Zo]-kvXw`wa¶À at\m-lco hniz-hn-em-kn\ok¦p-e-Zo]w `rwK-hn-tcm-[n-IÄIÀ¸q-c- ncn IkvXq-cn- ncnIp¦p-a-hÀ¯n-I-fn- -c-an-«p-]nþSn¨oSpw Nne ]cn-a-f-Zo]wshÅn-s - p-IÄ s]m¶n³ sN¸p-IÄcXv\w sImp IS-sªm-c-fp-¡p-IÄh«-s -«n-IÄ `wKn-I-eÀs¶mcpsN¼-I-ame Ipdn-¡q-t«m-tcmþ



t¶mtcm `mKw hne-ko-Sp-¶p.am\n-\o-am-Z\w aZ-\-k-½À±\wIma-l-a-tÃm-lew Ima-tIm-em-lewIc-W-]-cn-th-jvS\w ZÀ -I-{Zm-apIwImap-Im-\µw ]c-bp-hXo taml\waäp-an-XymZn `mtZ\ \m\m-hn[w:]cn-a-f-[q]w ]e-X-c-a¿m]cn-NnÂ Ic-[rX sh©m-a-c-I-fn-þf¡pw t\cw Lpap-Lp-an-s\¶pcps¶mcp kuc- -an-S-bn-S-bnÂaäp NnteSw Nne ]\n-\oÀ¡p- n-IÄsh«n-bp-S¨p Xfn¨p-X-fn¨pwNÆm-Xmip sImSp¯p sImSp¯pw\Ã I¼-e³ s]«n Xpd¶pwapÃ- q-a-Wn- am-e-sb-Sp¯pwIkvXq-cn-¡fn ]nªm-W-§-fnþsems¡ \nd¨p hSn¨pw tX¨pw hne-ko-Sp¶p]«p-I-tfm-tcm-s¶-{X -a-t\m-lcþacntI ap¶nÂ s]m¶nÂ XÆ-¡p-I-fn-tem-tcm-X-cþam`-c-WuLw ssIin-I-amemkoa- - -Wn-a-c-X-I-amemcXv\-s¯m-Sp-Ip-dn-ame sNhn¸qXSmIw aWn-Ip-WvU-e-\n-cbpwIm©-\-Ip-kpaw \mkm-aWn ]p\þc[-c-hn-te-]-\-an- -c-tamtcm\mco-I-c-I-a-tem-Z-c-\n-ln-X-a-kwJyw]X-\- -«p-IÄ IXn-\-IÄI«n-sem-tcm-tcm-X-cþamk-\-im-bnI ]qsa- -Ifpw^Wn-sa- -Ifpw ]\n-\oÀ Ieiw]¯p-I-c- nÂ mWn-X-]nWvUw]nWvUm-e-à-an-f-f-en-kp-lp-b³ap´n-cn-§m- -g-an- -c-tam-tcm-t¶mtcm t`Zw

(lc-l-c-tLm-jw-þ-l-c-lc F¶ i_vZw. Atim-Im-cm-ta-þ-A-tim-I-h-\- nÂ. in_n-I-þ-]-Ã-¡v. Aar-X-hn-cm-hn-Wn-þ-A-ar-Xp-t]mse a[p-c-ambn i_vZn-¡p-¶. Nn¶v þ Hcp-Xcw hmZy-hn-ti-jw.kml-{kn-I-þ-B-bn-cw, ]Xn-\m-bn-cw, e£w F¶ IW-¡n\v Xncn-bnSm-hp¶ hnf-¡p-IÄ. a¶À at\m-l-cn, hniz-hn-em-kn\n F¶nh Hmtcm Xc- n-epÅ hnf-¡p-I-fpsS t]cm-Wv. am\n-\o-am-Z-\wþ am\n-\-IsfaZn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. Ic-W-]-cn-th-jvS-\w-þ-A-h-b-h-§sf Npäp-¶-Xv. ZÀ -I³-þ-Im-a-tZ-h³. {Zma-Iw-þ-{Z-an- n-¡p-¶-Xv. am\n-\o-tam-Z\w F¶p XpS§n ]pc-bp-hXn taml\w F¶-Xp-hsc Hmtcm Idn-¡q-«p-I-fpsS t]cm-Wv. Ic-[r-X-þ-ssI-bnÂ [cn- . NmÆm-Xv-þ-H-cp-Xcw IkvXq-cn. Ie-¼³s]-«n-þ-]-e-X-c- n-epÅ ]q¡ÄsImvtImÀ¯ ame-IÄ sh¨n-cn-¡p¶ s]«n. ssIin-I-am-e-þ-X-e-bnÂ NqSp¶ ame. XmS-¦wþ tXmS (HcpIÀ®m- -c-Ww) \mco-I-c-I-a-tem-Z-c-\n-ln-Xw-þ-kv{Xo-I-fpsS ssIbm-Ip¶ Xma-c- q-hnÂ shbv¡-s -«. Bk-\-im-bn-I-þ-C-cn-¡m\pw InS-¡m-\p-apÅ D]-I-c-W-§Ä . ^mWn-Xw-þ-iÀ¡-c).22. Btem-em-IrXn cm£-km-[n-]Xn Xm³ KqtVm-Ztc inwin-]mþ

aqte sN¶p at\m- -h¶p a\km t\À¶mip amtcm-Õhw\oemw-t`m-[-N-tbm-]tam shdpw \ne¯½mdp \nÈ-¦-amþtbme-¡- nÂ hntZ-l-cm-P-X-\bmw ap¶n-«n-cp-¶o-Sm³.

(KqtVm-Z-tc-þ-Kq-V-amb DZ-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b. (a-d-bv¡-s¸« DÄ`m-K-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b), inwin-]m-aq-te-þ-inw-in-]m-hr-£- p-h-«nÂ, at\m- -h³þ Ima-tZ-h³, \oemw-t`m-Z-N-tbm-]a:þ \oe-ta-L-¡q-«n\p



Xpey-am-bn. hntZ-l-cm-P-X-\-bmw-þ-hn-tZ-l-cm-P-]p-{Xn-bpsS . ap¶n-«vþ ap¼nÂ. Hme-¡- nÂ-þ- w-Kn-bm-bn-«v...........at\m-l-c-amb BIr-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb cm£k N{I-hÀ¯n ad-bv¡-s¸« DÄ`m-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snbinwin-]m-hr-£- nsâ Nph-«nÂ sN¶n-«v, Ima-tZ-h\p a\-Êp-sImv DÕhw t\À¶-Xn-\p-tijw\oe-ta-L- n\p Xpey-ambn hntZ-l-cm-P-]p{XnbpsS ap¼nÂ `wKn-bm-bn«v Ccp-¶p.

GsX-¦nepw Imcy- n\p ]pd-s -Sp¶ Bfp-IÄ Imcy-km-[y- n-\p-thn CjvS-tZ-h-X-IÄ¡pt\À -IÄ t\cm-dp--tÃm. Ima-tZ-h-\mWv Ima- nsâ A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X. At±-l- nsâ klm-b-ap-s-¦nte Ima-km- eyw Dm-hp-I-bp-Åq. AXp-sIm-mWv cmh-W³ Ima-tZ-h-\p-thn DÕhw t\cp-¶-X)v.\oemw-t`m-Z-N-tbm-Na F¶n-S¯v D]-am-e-¦mcw23. am]m]n s]m®-s\-s¶- -cn-sNmSp ]neþ

bm«p-n-sX-¶-§p-I-ev]nþ¨m]- n-\mbv hcp¶q inh!inh! cLp-\m-Y³

[cn- o-Sp-sIÃmwtIm]mßm sIm¶p-Xn-¶pn-hsf hi-X-bnþ

ÃmbvIn-set¶m hnti-jmÂXm]w-]q--§n-cp-¶mÄ Ipe-bp-hXn XZm

ssaYneo awK-emw-Ko.(am]m-]n-þ-a-lm-]m-]n. s]m®³-þ-X-Sn-b³. ]ne-bm-Sp-I-þ-hy- n-N-cn-¡p-I. hi-X-bn-Ãm-bvInÂ-þ-h-g-§m-

Xn-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ........ alm-]m-]nbpw s]m®- -Sn-b-\p-amb Cu cmh-W³ Chsf hy`n-N-cn-¡Ww F¶p hnNm-cn¨v B]-¯n-\mbn sImp-h-cp-¶p. inh!inh! FÃmw cLp-\m-Y³ [cn-¡s« hi-am-Im-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂtIm]n-jvT-\mb tIm]n-jvT-\mb Ch³ Ahsf sIm¶p-Xn-¶p-I-Xs¶ sN¿p. F¶ hnti-jmÂZp:Jt¯msS Ipe-bp-h-Xnbpw awK-f-cq]n-Wn-bp-amb koX Ccp-¶p. Ipe-bp-h-Xn, awK-emwKn F¶nhnti-j-W-§Ä HuNn-Xy-]qÀÆ-amWv koXbv¡v \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ipe-bp-h-Xn-bm-b-Xp-sIm-m-WtÃmFs´Ãmw {]tem- -\-§-fp-m-bn«pw koX cmh-W\p hg-§m-Xn-cp-¶-Xv. hnti-jmÂ Xm]w F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xnepw AÀ°-ap-v. hnc-lZp:J¯n\p ]pd-ta-bm-WtÃm cmh-WnÂ \n¶pÅ B]- p-m-b-Xv.Cu B]- nseÃmw ssØcyw {]ZÀin- n¨p F¶ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv Ahsf awKecq]n-Wn-bm-¡n-bXv).24. koXm-\o-e- -\- q-¡p-e-sbm-sS-Xn-cnSpw ssIintI Km{X-h-Ãoþ

amXm{amw aqSn hmSo-Sn\ Ic-X-fnÂ sImm-\\w OmZ-b´o\mYw tNtXm- n-cmaw Zi-c-Y-X-\bw `mh-b´o hn`n-¶þtkzZmÀ{Z-mIp-©n-XmwKo k`-b-ap-S-\n-cp¶oSn-\m-fq-V-tJ-Zw.(\oe- -\- q-¡p-e-tbmSv FXn-cn-Sp¶ Xe-ap-Sn-sImv Aev]w Nph¶ icocw apgp-h³ aqSn.

hmSnb ssIsImv apJw ad¨v, at\m- n-cm-a-\mb Xsâ À¯mhp {iocm-as\ [ym\n- p-sImv {]Im-in-¡p¶ hbÀ¸p-Xp-Ån-IÄ sImv \\-ªXpw Aev]w Ip\n-ª-Xp-amb ico-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn, b-¶v,Zp:Jt¯msS koX Ccp-¶p.

Cu `mK- nse Gähpw at\m-l-c-amb Hcp tÇmI-amWv CXv. koX-bpsS Ccp¸v A\p-hm-N-Isâ a\-ÊnÂ IÃnÂ sIm¯n-sh¨ Nn{Xw-t]mse ]Xn-bp-¶p.

“\oe- -\- q-¡p-e-tbm-sS-Xn-cnSpw” F¶n-S¯v D]-am-e-¦mcw Hu]ayw e£-Wm-hym-]m-cw-aqewe`n-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv e£n-tXm-a-]-a. hnc-ln-Wn-bm-bn-«n-cn-¡p¶ koX-bpsS k£va-Nn{Xw hc- p-Im-Wn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv kz`m-thm-àn).25. At¶cw Npäp-ap-äm-b-a-c-]p-c-N-tIm-cm£nam-c-§p-an§pw

\n¶q I¬sImq koXm-an-S-bnsS hSnthmSm-iz-kn- n¨q Zqscs]m¶pw XÆm-¡n-em-½m-d-Xn-kp-c- n-e-am]qcy-Xmw-_q-e-asskyJn¶m-ßm-Im-gvNbpw sh -k-I-e-]-Z-\njyµn\ow hmN-aptNAa-c-]p-c-N-tIm-cm-£n-amÀ-þ-tZ-h-kp-µ-cn-amÀ , B]q-cyþ\nd- n«v. Ak-I-e-]-Z-\n-jy-µn-\ow-þ-FÃm



hm¡p-Ifpw hyà-am-Im-sX-bp-Å,hmNw DutN-þ-hm-¡p-IÄ ]d-ªp.......B Ah-k-c- nÂ Npäpw \ndªp \n¶n-cp¶ tZh-kp-µ-cn-amÀ Zqsc A§p-an§pw \n¶v I®p-sImvkoXsb wKn-bmbn Biz-kn- n- p. kzÀ®-sh-än-e- -«- nÂ kwK-Ô-apÅ Xmw_qew \nd v AhÄ¡vImgvN-sh- n«v hn¶m-ßm-hmb cmh-W³ FÃm ]Z-§fpw hyà-am-Im¯ hm¡p-IÄ ]d-ªp.

tZh-kp-µ-cn-amÀ I®p-sImv koXsb Biz-kn- n¨p F¶p tXm¶p-¶Xv {]tXy-In¨p ck-\o-b-am-Wvv. cmh-Ws\ b-¶m-WtÃm Ah-scÃmw F¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. koX-tbmSv AhÀ¡v kvt\lhpw_lp-am-\hpw A\p-I-¼-bp-ap-v. AXp-sIm-mWv cmh-W³ ImWm¯ hn[- nÂ Zqsc-amdn \n¶vI®p-sImv Ahsf Biz-kn- n- -Xv. cmh-W³ Jn¶m-ßm-hm-bXv amc-Pzc ]mc-hiyw sImm-Wv.hnImcw apäp-\nÂ¡p-t¼mÄ hm¡p-IÄ kv]jvS-am-hmsX t]mhp-¶Xpw km[m-cWamWw).26. ss{XtemIy kpµcn! at\m- h hoc-amte!

\oem-c-hn-µ-angn! \nÀ½-e-Km-{X-tctJ!eoem-\nt[! kpc-X-ssI-ch N{µntI! \oamemip XoÀ¯-cpÄ hntZ-l-kptX! aZobw

(at\m- h hoc-am-eþ Ima-tZ-hsâ hoc-am-e, \oem-c-hn-µ-an-gn-þ-\o-e- m-a-c-t]m-epÅ It®m-Sp-Iq-Sn-hÄ.eoem-\n[n þ eoe-bpsS Ccn- n-Sw. kc-X-ssI-hc N{µn-I-þ-kp-c-X-am-Ip¶ B¼Â]q-hn\v N{µn-I-bm-bn-«p-Å-hÄ. 23 apXÂ 56 hsc-bpÅ tÇmI-§fpw XpSÀ¶pÅ ZWvU-Ihpw cmh-Wsâ hm¡p-I-fm-Wv.

koXsb ss{Xtem-Iy-kp-µ-co, at\m- -h-ho-c-am-te, \oem-c-hn-µ-an-gn \nÀ½-e-Km-{X-tcJ eoem-\n-t[, kpc-ssI-ch N{µntI Fs¶Ãmw kwt_m-[\ sNbvXXn\p tijw Xsâ Zp:Jw XoÀ¡p-hm³cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶p. hoc-ame F¶-Xn\v hocyw hnfw-_cw sN¿p-¶-Xn-\p-thn AWn-bp¶ ameF¶v AÀ°w ]d-bmw. koXsb Ima-tZ-hsâ hoc-am-e-bmbn Iev]n- n-cn-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶v AXv AhÄ¡vBcnepw Ima-hn-Imcw DWÀ¯m-\pÅ Ignhv hyRvPn- n-¡p-¶p. B¼Â N{µn-I-tb-ämÂ hnS-cp-a-tÃm.kpcXtaml-am-Ip¶ B¼-ens\ hnSÀ¯p¶ N{µn-I-bmWv koX F¶p ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-XnÂ \n¶vBcnepw kpc-X-tamlw DWÀ¯p-¶-Xn\v AhÄ¡pÅ Ignhv hywKy-ambn kqNn- n-¡p-¶p. _m¡n-bpÅ kwt_m-[-\-IÄ koX-bpsS icoc kuµ-cys¯ hyÚn- n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. kpc-X-ssI-ch N{µnIF¶n-S¯v Ae-¦mcw cq]-Iw).27. \osb- -t§m«p t\m¡p-¶Xp P\-I-kptX!cmh-W³ Rm\n-Zm\ow

ambw IqSm-X-h®w ]e-h-I-[-\hpw sImp Im×m³ hcp¶pt]mbm-sem«pw s]mdp- m³ ]Wn Xh-hn-ctlamc-Xm-]m-Xn-tc-ImÂImb-Ivtfiw hcp- m-bvIbn aa `ph\w aq¶n\pw X¼n-cm³ Rm³.(kotX! \osb- mWv At§m«p t\m¡p-¶-Xv. cmh-W-\mb Rm³ CXm Ct¸mÄ ambw IqSmsX

]e-hI [\hpw sImp \ns¶ ImWm³ h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ima-th-Z-\-bpsS B[nIyw \nan¯w ChnsS\n¶p t]mbmÂ \nsâ hnclw kln-¡m³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. Cu aq¶p temI- n\pw X¼p-cm-\mbF\n¡v \o Imb-Ivtfiw (i-co-c-Ivtf-iw) hcp- m-Xn-cn-¡p-I).28. sFiz-cy-imen Zi-Iv\-[-c-t\m-ate Rm³

hnssiz-I-c-ay-X-\p-h-Ãcn Pm\Io \ohmt¨mcp buh-\-a-Xn-¶n-cp-hÀ¡p-sam¡pwI¨mÀ¶ sIm¦ ]pWÀhm³ Xcn-tIm-ate! \o(Zi-I-Ô-c³þ ]¯p-I-gp-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h³. hnssiz-I-c-ay-X-\p-h-Ã-cn-þ-hn-ssiz-I-c-ay-amb X\p-

h-Ãn-cn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ. hnssiz-I-c-ayw-þ-tem-I- n-te¡pw sh¨v Gähpw at\m-l-cw. X\p-h-Ã-cn-þ-i-co-c-am-Ip¶ hÅn. hmbvN-þ-hÀ²n- . H¡pw þtbm-Pn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. I¨mÀ¶ þ I¨ AWn-ª).29. irwKm-c-tIm-af at\m- mh aµncw \o

lq¦m-c-iucy hn`-thm¨ \ntI-X\w Rm³AwKo-Ir-Xmw-K\h- w-Kn-IÄ \½n-sem¡pwI¨mÀ¶ sIm¦ ]pWÀhm³ Xcn-tIm-ate! \o



(irwKm-c-tIm-af at\m- mh³þ irwKm-c-tIm-af\mb at\m- mh³. at\m- m-h³-þ-Im-a-tZ-h³. lq¦m-c-iu-cy-hn- -thm¨ \ntI-X-\wþ lq¦m-c-iu-cy-hn`h§-fpsS DbÀ¶ hoSv, lpw¦m-cw-þlqw F¶ i_vZw. (A-eÀ¨) iucywþ hocyw (i-àn). AwKo-Ir-Xmw-K\h- w-Kn-IÄ þ AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸« ]pXnb AwK-tim- ).30. kmc-ky-tIfn aWn awKf aµncw \o

hoc-£n-Xo-izc inJm-aWn _mentI Rm³Nmcp-Xz-sa-¶Xp \ap-¡n-cp-hÀ¡p-sam¸w]mcn¨ sIm¦ ]pWÀhm³ Xcn-tIm-ate! \o

(kmckywþ kc-k-X. hnc-£o-Xo-iz-c-in-Jm-a-Wnþ hoc-cmb cmPm-¡-·mÀ¡v NqVm-c-Xv\-am-bn-«p-Å-h³. Nmcp-Xzwþ at\m-lm-cn-X. ]mcn- -þ-h-enb (X-Sn- )).31. ass¯-cm-h-X-Iw- -Uw- -l-c,- ant¸mÀsIm-¦-aÂss¡-Ifpw

XZzÂ ]q×-Xn-t\mÀ¯p Im¬sIm-cp- cw ht¶-äp [\ymwKn \o_t²m-·m-Z-sagpw Iem-N-e-an-f¡pw sIm¦-aÂss¡-IfpwXZz-ss·-Ynen ssZh-tbm-K-anXp ]t-sX¶p \nÀ®-boXmw

( Cu t]mÀsIm¦ aZn¨ sFcm-h-X- nsâ akvX-I- nsâ Al-¦m-cs¯ ian- n- -Xm-Wv.AXp-t]mse Xs¶-bmWv Cu ssII-fpw. (Cu ssIIfpw ass -cm-h-X-Uw- -c-l-c-am-Wv) AXp-sImv[\ywKo \m Fgp-t¶äph¶v Fs¶ Benw-K\w sN¿p-¶-Xn\v hnNm-cn- m-epw. Cu sIm¦-IÄ Al-¦m-c-t¯mSp IqSnb Ipem-N-es¯ Cf-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Xs¶-bmWv Fsâ ssII-fpw. (FsâssIIfpw Ipem-N-es¯ Cf-¡n-b-Xm-Wv.) ]p apX-te-bpÅ ssZh-tbm-K-amWv CXv F¶v \o \nÝ-bn- m-epw.

Xsâ ssIIÄ¡pw koX-bpsS kvX\-§Ä¡pw X½n-epÅ s]mcp¯w kc-k-ambn cmh-W³ hnh-cn-¡p-¶p. sFcm-h-X- nsâ akvX-I- nsâ Uw`v ian- n- -XmWv kvX\-§Ä. kpµ-cn-I-fmb kv{XoI-fpsS kvX\-§sf B\-bpsS akvX-I-t¯mSv Ihn-IÄ kmZr-iy-s -Sp- m-dp-v. BIr-Xn-bnepw ImTn-\y- nepw sFcm-h-X-a-kvX-Is¯ koX-bpsS kvX\-§Ä Pbn-¡p-¶p. ]v tZth-{µ-\p-amb bp²- nÂ cmh-W³ sFcm-h-X- nsâ akvX-I- n-e-Sn¨v AXnsâ Al-¦m-cs¯ inan- n-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. sFcm-h-X- nsâ Uw`v ian- n¨ cp hkvXp-¡Ä X½nÂ tbmPn-¡p-¶Xv bpà-am-Wv F¶mWv cmh-Wsâ `mh-\. AXp-t]mse Ipem-N-e- nsâ Al-¦m-cs¯ koX-bpsS kvX\-§Ä \in- n- p. ]ÀÆ-X-§-tfmSv kv{XoI-fpsS kvX\-s¯ kmZr-iy-s -Sp- p-¶Xv kÀÆ-km-[m-c-W-am-W-sÃm. Hu¶-Xy- nepw ImTn-\y- nepw BIr-Xn-bnepw Ipem-N-e-§sf Pbn-¡p-¶-h-XmWv kvX\-§Ä. cmh-W\pw ]v Ipem-New Cf-¡n-bn-«p-v. Ccp-]Xv ssIIÄ sImpw ssIem-k-]ÀÆXwCf¡nsbSp¯v A½m-\-am-SnbmWtÃm cmh-W³ inhsâ ssIbnÂ \n¶pw N{µ-lmkw k¼m-Zn- -Xv.C§s\ Htc Xc- nÂ ta·-t\-Snb hkvXp-¡Ä tbmPn-¡Ww F¶Xv ssZh-\n-Ý-b-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-mWv Xs¶ Benw-K\w sN¿p-hm³ cmh-W³ koX-tbmSv ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

^en-Xhpw Aivfo-e- n-tebv¡v hgp-Xn-hoW irwKm-chpw \¼q-Xn-cn-¡-hn-X-fpsS kl-P- m-h-am-Wv.]\w\¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS cmam-bWw N¼p-hnepw Cu `mh-§Ä ]e-bn-S¯pw Xnc-t\m«w \S- p-¶p).32. e£vao-tZ-hn-¡p-\m-cm-b-W, \N-e-a-IÄþ

¡wK-Pm-cmXn, amcþ¶£oW {ioc-Xn-s¸¬sIm-Sn, s]cnb

iNo-tZ-hn-tZ-th-{µ-t\mÀ¯mÂsNmÂsImÅpw hmWn-am-Xn-¶n-\n-b-I-a-eþ

P·m-hp, Rm\pw \n\-s¡þ¶n¡mew h¶p-Xm-InÂ s]cn-sbm-c-g-Ip-Xmþ

bv h¶n-X-t\ym-\y-tbm-Kw.(hnjvWp-hn\v e£vao-tZ-hnbpw inh\v ]mÀÆ-Xnbpw Ima-tZ-h\v hÀ²n¨ kuµ-cy-apÅ cXo-tZ-

hnbpw tZth-{µ\v t{ijvT-bmb C{µm-Wnbpw t{ijvT-\mb {_Òm-hn\v t]cp-tI« kc-kzXo tZhnbpwF¶-Xp-t]mse Rm³ \n\¡v À¯m-hmbn Xocp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ \mw X½n-epÅ tNÀ¨ AXy´w Ag-Ip-Å-Xmbn Xocpw.tZh-Z-¼-Xn-am-cpsS ZpjvSm- -sa-Sp¯v Xm\pw koXbpw IqSn-t¨À¶mÂ Ah-sc-t¸m-se-bm-bn- ocpw F¶v cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶p).33. kv{XohÀ¤- n\p Znhym- -c-W-an-X-_-emamentI Zmk-hrXym



tkhn¸q t]ms¶m-cp- ³ ]I-en-c-h-eÀhm-WmÀ¯-\m-bm¯ tJZw.tImhnÂ ]m-c-sa¶pw hcn-In-e-Xn-ep-samt«sd \s¶¶p _p²ymþ`mhn-s -t¶m-S-W-ªo-Sp-In-ep-Nn-X-a-Sn¯mÀ sXmgmw X¼p-cm-«n.( A_-em-am-entI! Ima-]-c-h-i-\mbn Hcp-h³ hÀ²n¨ Zp:Jt¯msS cmhpw ]Iepw tkhn-

¡p¶p F¶Xv kv{Xo hÀ¤- n\v Znhym- -c-W-am-Wv. tImhnÂ -m-c-am-sW¶v hcn-InÂ AXv AXnepw(`r-Xy-\m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-epw) \Ã-Xm-sW¶p hnNm-cn¨v Ft¶mSv AW-bp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ AXv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. X¼p-cm«o \nsâ ]Zw Rm³ sXmgp-¶p.HcmÄ Ima-]-c-h-i-\mbn Zmk-hr¯n A\p-jvTn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ AXv kv{XoIÄ¡v A`n-am-\-I-c-am-Wv. Hcp cmPm-hmWv C¯-c- nÂ Zmk-hr- n-b-\p-jvTn-¡m³ X¿m-dm-Ip-¶-sX-¦nÂ AXv F{X-t¯mfw A`n-am-\-I-c-am-sW¶v ]d-tb--Xn-Ã-sÃm. Xs¶tImhnÂ -m-c-sa¶p IcpXn Xt¶m-S-W-bWw F¶mWv cmh-W³ koX-tbmSp ]d-bp-¶-Xv.]g-b-Im-e¯v acp-a-¡- mbw A\p-jvTn- n-cp¶ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-§-fnse kv{XoIsf hnhmlw Ign- n-cp¶ £{Xn-b-cmWv tImbn- -¼p-cm-¡-·mÀ. cmÚn-am-cpsS `À¯m-¡-·m-cm-sW-¦nepw AhÀ¡v cmPm-[n-ImcwCÃ Ah-cpsS a¡Ä cmPyw `cn¨p F¶v hcmw F¶p am{Xw. ChnsS cmPmhv F¶ kma\y AÀ°-¯n-emWv tImhnÂ -mcw F¶p {]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶Xv ).34. Rm\pw \obpw-a-W-sªm-cp-ap-lqÀ¯wt]m-en-cp-¶o-Sp-InÂ

ImtWWw Xh- m-Ky,-sa´p ]d-bmhtÃ-Xp-tamÀ¡pw hn[uXmt\-h¶p kl-{k-tem-N-\-\tlmhmbpw-]p-X- m-Øbm\q\w hoWp \a-kvI-cn-¡p-a-Xp-t]mcmtXm a[q-\mw-]-Zw.(Rm\pw \obpw Hcp-an¨v Hcp aplqÀ¯w -t]mse Ccn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, Btem-Nn- mÂ \nsâ

`mKyw F´m-sW¶v ]d-bm³ km[y-a-Ã. Ip-Xs¶ Adn-b-Ww. tZth-{µ³ X\nsb h¶v hmbv¡ÂssIbpw s]m¯n hoWv \ns¶ \a-kvI-cn-¡pw. h[p-hn\v A{X D¶-X-amb ]Zhn t]mcmtbm?

Xs¶ hnhmlw Ign-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ koX-bv¡p-m-Ip¶ t\«-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ]dªv {]tem-`n- n-¡p-I-bmWv cmh-W³. tZth-{µ³ Xs¶-h¶v koXsb \a-kvI-cn-¡pw. hmbpw ]pX¨v \nÂ¡p-ItIc-f- nse Hcp BNmc-am-Wv. {]`p-¡-·m-cp-tSbpw cmPm-¡-·m-cp-tSbpw ap¼nÂ km[m-c-W-¡mÀssIsImv hmbvaq-Sn-bmWv \nÂ¡p-¶-Xv. B \nev]v hn\-b-s¯bpw _lp-am-\-s¯bpw tZymXn- n-¡p-¶p. kzÀ¤m-[n-]-\mb tZth-{µ³ Hcp `rXy-s\-t¸mse ap¼nÂ _lp-am-\-]qÀÆw \nÂ¡p-I F¶-XnÂ¡-hnªv F´p-]-Z-hn-bmWv Hcp kv{Xo¡v e`n-t¡--Xv F¶v cmh-W³ tNmZn-¡p-¶p).35. aÂ{]m-tW-izcn tZhn ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\-t¯-ep-S³ \ns¶ Rm³

Xevt] Nmcp-In-S¯n apKv²-l-knXw hIv{Xw apIÀ¶- cminev]w tImen\ hniz-IÀ½-c-Nn-Xmamtem-Iy-e-¦m-]p-cnþsat¸mÄ Rm³ acp-hp-¶-X¶p ZbntX! \n³`m-Ky-tamÀ¯oSp \o.(AÃtbm {]mtW-izco! tZho \ns¶ ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\- nÂ Ib-än, at\m-l-c-amb sa¯-bnÂ

InS¯n ]p©n-cn- p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ \nsâ apJw CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡v Npw_n- p-sImv, inev]- wKn \nd-ª, hniz-IÀ½m-hn-\m-Â \nÀ½n-¡-s -«, e¦m-]p-cnsb Ip-sImv Ft¸m-gmtWm Rm³ Ign-bp-¶Xv A¶s¯ \nsâ `mKyw Ht¶mÀ¯p-t\m-¡v.Ipt_csâ ssIbnÂ \n¶pw cmh-W³ A]-l-cn-s -Sp- -XmWv ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\w. cmh-W-h-[m-\- cw cma³ koXsb Ib-än-bn-cp¯n Atbm-²y-bn-tebv¡p aS-§n-bXv ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\- n-em-Wv ).36. s\o-ap--¶p, apo-]p-\-c-g-In-bepw s\«-\t¿m XSn- nþ

¡pm-asÃm XZm\ow saen-b, \nl saen¨ns¡mtcm s]m®-\pmwIm-em-Im-X-h¶p-smcp Xcp-Wn-a-lm-kp-µco kpµ-ct¶mIm-em-Im-X\mco ]cn-Nn-s\mSp htbmhÀ®-ao-h-®-a-sÃm.

(s\n-þ-s]m-¡-ap-Å-hÄ. ap³-þ-s]m¡w Ipd-ª-h³. s\«³-þ-s]m-¡w-Iq-Sn-b-h³. Im-em-Im-X-h³-þ-Im-Wm³ sImÅ-cp-Xm- -h³ (hn-cq-]³) htbm-hÀ®w þ hbÊpw \ndhpw.

temI- nse Z¼-Xn-am-cp-sS-bn-S-bnÂ¡mWp¶ s]mcp- -¡p-d-hmWv lmky-c-k-{]-[m-\-ambCu tÇmI- nÂ cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. s]m¡-apÅ kv{Xo¡v s]m¡w Ipdª `À¯m-hn-s\-bm-bn-cn¡pw e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. adn¨v s]m¡w IqSn-b-h\v s]m¡w Ipd-ª-h-fm-bn-cn¡pw mcy. saenª À¯m-hn\v XSn- n-bmb mcybpw, XSn-b-\mb À¯m-hn\v saenª mcybpw temI- nÂ ImWmw. hncq-]\valm-kp-µ-cnsb `mcy-bmbn e`n-¡pw. adn¨v kpµ-cn¡v hncq-]-s\-bm-bn-cn¡pw e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯-c-



¯nÂ hb-Ênepw \nd- nepw bmsXmcp tNÀ -bp-an-Ãm¯ Z¼-Xn-I-sf-bm-Wv temI- nÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. am\-kn-I-amb s]mcp- -t¡-Sp-Isf¡pdn¨v cmh-W³ H¶pw ]d-bp-¶n-sÃ-¦nepw A¯cw s]mcp-¯-t¡-Sp-Ifpw Z¼-Xn-am-cpsS CS-bnÂ [mcm-f-am-bn-«p-v. Xm\pw koXbpw X½nÂ C¯-c- n-epÅtNÀ -¡p-dhv bmsXm-¶p-an-Ã. BIr-Xnbnepw {]Ir-Xn-bnepw X§Ä s]mcp- -apÅ Z¼-Xn-am-cm-bn-cn-¡pw. F¶mWv cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

]p\- nsâ lmky-c-k-\n-th-i-ssh-Z-Kv[y- n\v ZrjvSm- -ambn ]ecpw ]e-S¯pw Cu tÇmIwD²-cn- p ImWp-¶p).37. ]pwtkm \qdp-h-b-Ê-hÄ¡p ]Xn-\m-sd-¦nÂ s]mcp-t¶m-\tS

Xkym \qdp-h-b-Ê-h¶p ]Xn-\m-sd-¦nÂ {]amZw Xptemwcm{Xu sN¶p can- -Xn¶p Pwcmap°m-]y-t]m-b-½n-taÂXmw_q-e-s¯-b-c- p-ap-¡pSn IpSn¸n¡pw \tc-t`ym-\a:

]pwtkmþ]p-cp-j-\v. s]mcp-t¶m-þ-tbm-Pn- -Xm-tWm,Xkym-þ-A-hÄ¡v. {]am-Zw-þ-sX-äv,PT-cmw-þ-hr-²-sb.D°m-]y-þ-F-gp-t¶Â¸n- n-«v. ap¡p-Sn-þ-a-cp-¶p-IÄ Ac¨p tamcnÂ Ie-¡n-bp-m-¡p¶ Huj-[w, \tc-t`ym-\a: þ \c-·mÀ¡m-bn-s¡mv \a-kvIm-cw......

]pcp-j\p \qdp-h-bÊpw kv{Xo¡v ]Xn-\mdp hb-Êp-am-sW-¦nÂ AhÀ X½nÂ ]t-Xs¶tbmPn- ptm? AhÄ¡p \qdp hbÊpw Ah\p ]Xn-\m-dp- hb-Êpsa-¦nÂ {]am-Zw(-sX-äv-þ-A-]-I-Sw)hf-sc-tb-sd-bp-v. cm{Xn-bnÂ sN¶v can-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn hr²sb Fgp-t¶ev]n¨v A½n-¡-ÃnÂXmw_qew Ac¨v ap¡pSn IpSn- n-¡p¶ \c-·mÀ¡mbns¡mv \a-kvIm-cw.

kv{Xo]p-cp-j-·mÀ X½n-epÅ htbm-t`Zw F{X-am{Xw A]-lm-ky-am-sW¶v cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶p. \qdp-h-b-ÊpÅ ]pcp-j\pw ]Xn-\mdp hb-ÊpÅ kv{Xobpw X½nÂ tNcp-¶Xpw adn¨v ]Xn-\mdphb-ÊpÅ ]pcp-j\pw \qdp-h-b-ÊpÅ kv{Xobpw X½nÂ tNcp-¶Xpw A]-lm-ky-am-Wv. PT-c-tbm-sSm¯v can-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]pcp-j³ F{X-am{Xw Ivtfiw A\p- -hn-t¡-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

ap³tÇm-I-t -¡mÄ Xcw-Xm-WXpw B`m-k- n-tebv¡v hgpXn hogp-¶-Xp-amb lmky-amWvCu tÇmI- nÂ. ]ma-c-·mcpw A]-Iz-a-Xn-I-fp-amb km[m-c-W-¡msc D¶w-h- mWv C -c- n-epÅlmkyw cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ac-§nÂ hnP-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v C¯cw ^en-X-§Ä Bh-iy-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p).38. Fs¶-Ãm-aÃ \½nÂ ]p\-c-h-bhw sImsm-¡p-samtcm KpWussLþ

sc¶-ÃmÀ¡pw {]kn²w PKXn \ncq-]ta! tZhn sshtZln _mte!F¶meo tbmK taÂ¸m³ ]Wn s]cnsI at\m-ÚmwKo \o Ime-sam¶mþsem¶-ÃmtX If-ªo-S-cpXp ]pW-cp-hmt\Ip et¦-iz-c³ Rm³.

( \ncp-]ta! tZho! sshtZlo! _mte! F¶p am{X-aÃ \mw X½nÂ Ah-b-h-Kp-W-§-fmÂtbmPn¡pw F¶Xv temI-{]-kn-²-am-Wv. CXp-t]m-epÅ Hcp tbmKw C\nbpw Dm-hm³ hfsc{]bm-k-am-Wv. at\m-ÚmwKo! AXp-sImv Imew If-bmsX Fs¶ BtÇ-jn- m-epw.39. tZhm\mwhr¯n-am-IÀ®b aa khnt[ X¼n-cm³ Xms\m-cm-\þ

¸mhm, \án-{Xbo \Âs -dp-]-g-bcnhmÀt¡-W, tatW-£-tWtaImhÂ¡m-¡n-¡n-S-¡p-¶n-Xp-b-a-s\-\n-crXymk-aw, ]pjv]-hm-SoþthshÃmw t]m¡ thWw hcp-W, \p]-ht\ hmbp ho boS thWw.(tZh-\mwhr- nþ tZh-·m-cpsS tPmen. BIÀ®-b-þ-tI-«m-epw, aa- k-hn-t[þ Fsâ-b-Sp-¡Â.

B\- m-hm³-þ-B-\- m- m³- (-B-\-¡m-c³). Aán-{X-bo-þ-aq¶v Aán-IÄ (Z-£n-Wm-áo, KmÀl-]-Xym-áo, Bl-h-\o-bmán F¶ aq¶v Aán-IÄ) GtW-£-W-þ-am³t]-S-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-epÅ It®m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ (kp-µ-cn) \ncr-Xym-k-aw-þ-\n-cr-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn. \ncr-Xn-þ-A-jvS-Zn-Iv]m-e-I-·m-cnÂ HcmÄ.AÀ°w: Fsâ-b-Sp-¡se tZh-·m-cpsS tPmen \o tI«m-epw. tZh-·m-cpsS A[n-]-\mb C{µ³ FsâB\- m-¸m-\m-Wv. Aán-IÄ aq¶pw \Âs¨dp ]g-bcn sh¨p-hmÀ¡p¶ tPmen-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv.AÃtbm kpµ-co, bas\ \ncr-Xn-tbm-sSm¸w ImhÂ¡m-c-\m¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. hcp-Wsâ tPmen DZym-\- nse NqSp Ipd-bv¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv. hmbp-hn\v DZym-\- nÂ hoipI F¶ tPmen-bmWv sN¿p-\p-Å-Xv.

AjvS-ZnIv ]me-·m-cnÂ Bdp-t]-cmWv ChnsS ]d-bp¶ tZh-·mÀ. Ingt¡ Zn¡nsâ A[n-]-\mb C{µs\ B\-¡m-c-\m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. tZth-{µsâ hml\w sFcm-hXw F¶ B\-bm-WtÃmAXp-sImv B\-¡m-csâ tPmen `wKn-bmbn \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-hm³ Ign-bpw. sX¡p-In-g-¡nsâ A[n-]-



Xn-bmWv Aán. Aánsb ]mN-I-¡m-c-\m¡nbncn-¡p-¶p. ]mN-I- n\v AXym-h-iy-am-WtÃm Aán.\ÂsN-dp-]-g-b-cn-hmÀ¡Ww F¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xm-Wv IqSp-XÂ ck-I-cw. ]v tIc-f- nse {]`p-¡ÄBlm-c- n\v D]-tbm-Kn- n-cp-¶Xv ]g-b-cn-bm-Wv. Zl-\- n\pw cpNn¡pw ]än-bXv ]g-b-cn-bm-Wv. ba³sXs¡ Zn¡nsâbpw \ncrXn sX¡p-]-Sn-ªmtd Zn¡n-sâbpw, hcp-W³ ]Sn-ªmtd Zn¡-sâbpwhmbp hS-¡p-]-Sn-ªmtd Zn¡n-sâbpw A[n-]-·m-cm-Wv. hSs¡ Zn¡nsâ A[n-]-\mb Ipt_-c-s\bpwHgn-hm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. inh³ cmh-Wsâ CjvS-tZ-h-X-bm-bp-sImpw Ipt_-c³ i{Xp-hm-sW-¦nepwtPyjvT-\m-b-Xp-sIm-p-am-bn-cn¡mw Hgn-hm-¡n-b-Xv.

(Cu tÇmI- nse tIc-fo-bX {i²n-t¡--Xp-v.B\- m- msâ tPmen C{µ\p \ÂIn-b-XnepwAán¡v ]g-bcn sh¨p-hmÀ¡p¶ tPmen sImSp- -Xnepw tIc-fo-bX \ng-en-¡p-¶p. tIc-f- nsehnS\pw hnSp-hm-b-\p-amb Hcp CS-{]- p-hnsâ Omb-bmWv ]p\w cmh-W\v \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv).40. kotX! Im¬]qÀ®-N{µw sXfn-hn-s\mSp

]]p-jva- -ao-h-®-aptm\mtY! cmam- ntI ]smcp Zn\-aXp sNmþ

tÃmate \o bYmÀ°wPmXm-\µw IS-¡¬ aa h]p-jn-h-gþ

§oSp-a-µ-kvan-X- n³am[pcyw sIm-S-¡nbo kpap-Jo, aeÀ

s¨©-c-¨q-Sn-Zm-\ow.(kotX! DS-tem-Sp-IqSn sXfnªp {]Im-in-¡p¶ ]qÀ®-N-{µs\ \o ImWp-I. \mtY! cmasâbSp-

¡Â ]mÀ¡p-t¼mÄ Hcn-¡-se-¦nepw \o CXp-t]m-se-bpÅ N{µs\ In-«ptm? kXyw ]d-bp-I.Ct¸mÄ B\-µ-t¯m-Sp-IqSn IS-¡®v Fsâ ico-c-¯n-tebv¡v Ab-¨m-epw. aµ-kvan-X-¯nsâam[pcywsImv AÃtbm kpapJo! Fsâ Ima- qSv AS-¡n-bm-epw.

AÀ²-cm-{Xn-bnÂ ]qÀ®-tim- -tbmsS N{µ³ {]Im-in-¡p-¶Xv Xsâ Ign-hnsâ {]I-S-\-ambncmh-W³ hymJym-\n-¡p-¶p).41. ]m-Zu-cm-a-\-t¼m-Sbn _X-]-g-hnþ

Ãpw sRcn- mip \ns¶s¡mm-So-t¸m-bv¡-gn-ªm-\-[n-Im-a-cn-i-amþ

boa-t\m-c-ay-iote!hmÀ]qthWn X¡w ]cn-sNmSp ]e-\mÄ

]mÀ¯n-cp-t¶-\n-Zm\owIt-\n-t{X-S, sa¶m-en\n aa-i-cWw

\n³]Zw X¼n-cm«o!(BZuþ BZn-bnÂ. At¼mSv þ At¼m-Sp-Iq-Sn. (-_m-W-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn) A³]v-þ-kvt\-lw. kvt\l-

t¯m-Sp-IqSn F¶pw AÀ°w ]d-bmw. ]g-hn-Ãv-þ-]-g-b-hnÃv (an-Yn-e-bnÂ P\-I-a-lm-cm-Pmhv kq£n- n-cp¶ {Xbw-_Iw hnÃmWv cmh-W³ Bt£-]- nÂ ]d-bp¶ ]g-hn-Ãv). sImm-Sn-þ-A- n-\-µn¨v (k-t´m-jn- v). at\m-c-ay-io-eþ a\-Ên\v cay-amb ioe-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ (a-\-Êns\ kt´m-jn- n-¡p¶kuio-ey-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ) hmÀ]q-th-Wn-þ-h-n-s\-t¸mse Idp¯p at\m-l-c-amb Xe-apSntbmSp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ. Ct{X-Sw-þ-C-Xp-hsc (C-hn-sS-h-sc).......]v BZn-bnÂ cma³ At¼m-Sp-Iq-Sn-h¶v ]g-hnÃvsRcn¨v kt´m-jn¨v \ns¶sImp-t]m-bn. at\m-cayiote! AXv F\n¡v AXy-[nIw Acn-i- n\pImc-W-am-bn. kpµco ]e-\mÄ Ah-kcw ]mÀ¯n-cp-¶p. Ct¸mÄ Chn-sS-hsc \ns¶ Ip. (C-hnsS\ns¶ F¯n-¡p-¶-XnÂ Rm³ hnP-bn- p.) C\n X¼p-cm«o! \nsâ ]mZw am{X-amWv F\n¡v ic-W-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv.

koXm-kz-bw-h-c- nsâ IY-bmWv BZys¯ hcn-bnÂ cmh-W³ kqNn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. inh³P\-I-\p-sIm-Sp¯ ss{Xbw-_Iw hnÃv HSn-¡p¶ Bfn-\p-am-{Xta koXsb hnhmlw sN¿p-hm³ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. ]e hoc-·mcpw AXn-\p-thn {ian- -Xm-Wv. ]t£ cma-\p-am-{X-ta-AXp km[n- p-Åq. B hoc-Ir-Xy-s¯-bmWv ]g-hn-sÃm-Sn¨v F¶v cmh-W³ Bt£-]n-¡p-¶-Xv ).42 h{àmw-t`mPw ad- o-S-cpXp Ic-Xew sImp-I-tmÀ ]-gn¡pw

apt¯epw sIm¦-cpw Ia\n sXmSp-Intem t]Sn-bm-bvtIm-ate! \o]p¯³ ]qt´³ s]mgn-ªo-Sn\ a[n-c-Kn-cmNmcp-am-a-iz-kn- nþ



¨pZyÂkv\lw ]pWÀ¶o-S-Jne Ne-Zrimw auen-am-Wn-Iy-amte!(hIv{Xmwt`mPw þ apJ-am-Ip¶ Xma-c. apt -epw-þ-ap- -Wn-ª. a[p-c-Kn-cm-þ-a-[p-c-hm-¡p-IÄsIm-

v. DZypÂkvt\-lw-þ-D-Zn¨ kvt\l-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn. AJn-e-N-e-Zr-imw-þ-FÃm kpµ-cn-amÀ¡pw. auen-am-Wn-Iy-am-eþ inc-Ênse amWn-Iy-am-e. Ne-Zr-Ivþ Nen-¡p¶ I®p-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ (kp-µ-cn).......... \o\nsâ ssIsImv apJ-am-Ip¶ Xmac ad-bv¡-cp-Xv. Bfp-IÄ \ns¶ ]gn-bv¡pw. AÃtbm Ia\o!ap¯-Wnª sIm¦ sXmSp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ \o t]Sn-¡-cp-Xv. FÃm kpµ-cn-amÀ¡pw intcm- q-j-W-am-bn-«p-Å-htf! tX³ s]mgn-bp¶ a[p-c-hm-¡p-IÄ sImv Fs¶ Biz-kn- n¨v kvt\l-t¯m-Sp-IqSn]pWÀ¶m-epw. hIv{Xmwt`mPw þ F¶n-S¯v cq]-Im-e-¦mcw ).43. Iä-¡mÀIq- Â \o¡n- n-cp-an-gn-ap-\-sImþ

sm¶p t\m¡m-bvIn-en-t¸mÄNpäpw \nÂ¡p-¶-ssa-¡-®n-IÄ ]gn-]-dbpw

\nÝbw ]pWy-iote!apäpw \osb¶n aän- p-Xp-a-Xp-sam-gn-am-cm-cnþ

h®w shSn-tªmþcqä-t¯m-Sn-{X-\mfpw Ipfn-Ip-dn-bn-sS-gp-¶oÂ¡ t]mtIm-ate \mw.( Iä-¡mÀIq- Â \o¡n Xncp-apgn ap\-sImv \o Fs¶ t\m¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-

¦nÂ Npäpw \nÂ¡p¶ kpµ-cn-amÀ \ns¶ Ipäw ]d-bpw. \ob-ÃmsX atä-sXmcp kpµ-cn-am-cmWvss[cy-]qÀÆw Fs¶ C{X-\mfpw Dt]-£n- n-«p-ÅXv? Hmate! Fgp-t¶äv Ipfn¨v Ipdn-bn-«v \-ap¡vt]mImw).44. ss{XtemIy{ioI-fn¡pw Ifn-\n-e-a-_te!

amdnSw ama-Io\mwtIf-kvan³ Ima-tIm-em-le hcXn hn[u

hn{i-an-¡m-a-i¦wtate-tate hntijw ]e-hp-a-\p- -hn- n-þ

-Xn-t¶mÀ¡n-ses¶t¸mte aäm-cn-Zm-\o,ape-InÂ hncp-sX, \nþ

s¡¶-tXmÀ¯o-sStSm \o.( aq¶p temI- n-sebpw sFiz-cy- nsâ Ifn\ne-amWv Fsâ Cu amdn-Sw. Ima-tIfn Ignªv

£oWn-X-bm-bn-cn-¡p¶ \n\¡v ChnsS \nÊw-ibw hn{i-an-¡mw. taÂ¡p-taÂ ]e Xc- n-epÅhnti-j-§Ä A\p- -hn- n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Fs¶-t¸mse BÀ¡mWv Cu temI- nÂ kmaÀ°yw?).45. H¶n-t§mÀt¡-W-an-t¸m-fbn kpapJn hrYm

cmh-W³ sIm¶p ]t¨þXn¶pw t]mse¶p ItmÀ ]dbpw aXp-I-Wþ

¡ms¡mem hÃt` \oF¶pw t_m[w hcm Rm³ ]d-In-eXp \n\þ

s¡m¶p t\m¡oSp sasÃþs¶s¶-¡m-an- n-XtÃm hnN-cXn hn_p-[þ

kv{XoP\w ]mÀiz- mtK( AÃtbm kpµco! cmh-W³ sIm¶v ] -bv¡p- Xn¶p-¶-h-\m-sW¶v hÃ-h-cp-sams¡ ]d-

bpw. AXp \o hiz-kn-¡-cp-Xv. Rm³ ]d-bp-¶Xv \n\¡v hizm-k-am-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ Npäp-sam¶v t\m¡v.Fs¶ Iman- p-sIm-tÃ kzÀ¤ kv{XoIÄ kao-]¯v k©-cn-¡p-¶-Xv ).46. kzÀ¤-kv{Xo-hÀ¤-a-tÃm-Xh hnfn-]-Wn-sN-¿pþ

¶sX-s¶- p-WÀ¶mÂan¡-t¸mgpw XtemSpw Nc-W-k-c-knPw

]qÀ®-]o-bq-j-[mamssa¡-®mÀauen aWvtUm-Z-cn-I-c-I-aew

Xm§p-hm-t\mÀ¯p-Im-WpÄþ]pt¡ ImWm-hn-tXmtcm ck-k-cWn aloþ



amc amWn-Iy-amte!(hnfn-]-Wn-þ-ho-Sp-]Wn (`r-Xy-th-e) Nc-W-k-c-kn-Pwþ ]mZ-am-Ip¶ Xma-c- q-hv. ]qÀ®-]o-bp-j-

[m-amþ ]qÀ®-N-{µ³. ssa¡-®mÀ auenþ kpµ-co-c-Xv\w. DÄ]p-t¡-þ-D-ÅnÂ {]th-in-¡p¶ Ah-k-c- nÂ. ck-k-c-Wn-þ-c-k-I-c-§-fmb amÀK-§Ä. alo-am-c-am-Wn-Iy-am-e-þ-t{i-jvT-\mb Ima-tZ-hsâ amWn-Iy-am-e-bm-bn-«p-Å-hÄ......\o Fs¶ BtÇ-jn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ kzÀ¤kv{Xo hÀ¤-amWv \n\¡v hnSp-]Wn sN¿p-¶-Xv. ]qÀ®-N-{µ³ an¡-t¸mgpw \nsâ ]Z-I-aew XtemSpw. kpµ-cn-bmb aWvtUm-Zcn\nsâ ssI]n-Sn-¡pw. alo-am-c-am-Wn-Iy-amte! \o A´:]pc- nÂ {]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ \n\¡p ck-I-c-§-fmb ]e amÀ¤-§fpw ImWmw. ...\ns¶ ckn- n-¡p¶ ]eXpw A´:]pc- n-ep-v).47. bmh-ÕymÂ ]ß-am[zo a[p-_-lp-a-\ptX

Xmh-Zn--µn-µn-tcm-\yþZymhÂ tPymÕv\m {]]mtX acn-Nn-In-kebw

teVn-Xm-h- -tImc:bmh-¶tfmw_pPm\mw `hXn arZp-Z-fm-\y¯n

Xmh-·-cmf:kvXmh-·-WvtUm-Zco ta kpX\p hnX-\ptj

tZhn-bm-hÂ {]kmZw(Cµn-µncw (h-v) bmhXv (F-t¸mÄ hsc-bm-tWm) ]ß-am-[zo-kymXv (Xm-a-c- q-hnse tX³

e`n-¡p-¶-Xv) XmhXv (A-t¸mÄ hsc) A\yXv (a-äp-Å-h-sbþ aäpÅ ]q¡-fnse tX\n-s\) _lp-a-\p-tX(-_-lp-am-\n-¡p-¶p) NtImc: (NtIm-cw) bmhXv (F-t¸m-gm-Wv) tPymÕv\m {]]mX: (\n-emhp hogp-¶-Xv) XmhXv (A-t¸mÄ hsc) acn-Nn-In-k-e-bw(-Ip-cp-ap-f-Insâ Xfn-cv) teVn (Xn-¶p-¶p) acmf: (A-c-b-¶w) Aw_p-Pm\mw \mfw (Xm-a-c-h-f-bw) hXn (D-m-hp-¶-Xv) arZp-Z-fm³ A¯n (Cfw Xfn-cp-IÄXn¶p-¶p) kpX\p tZho (kp-µ-cn-bmb tZhn) {]kmZw hnX-\ptj (\nsâ {]kmZw Dm-Ip-¶-Xv) ta(F-\n-¡v) aWvtUm-Z-cnþ (a-WvtUm-Zcn ]«-a-ln-jn-bm-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-bp-Åq)

hn\v Gähpw {]nb-s -«Xv Xma-c- q-hnse tX³ BWv. AXp e`n-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc am{XtaAXp aäp ]q¡-fnse tX³ IpSn-¡p-I-bp-Åq. NtIm-c- -£n-bpsS CjvS- £yw \nem-hm-Wv. AXp e`n-¡p-¶Xp hsc am{Xta Ipcp-ap-f-Insâ Ce £n-¡p-I-bp-Åp. Ac-b-¶- nsâ {]nb-s¸« £yw Xma-c-\qÂ BWv. AXp e`n-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc am{Xta Xma-c-bpsS Xfn-cne Xn¶p-I-bp-Åq. AXp-t]msekoX-bpsS {]kmZw e`n-¡p¶Xphsc am{Xta aWvtUm-Z-cnsb `mcy-bmbn sh¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-I-bp-Åq.

t{ijvT-am-bXp e`n-¨mÂ ,km-[m-c-W-am-bXv Dt]-£n-¡pI P´p-k-l-P-amb kz`m-h-am-Wv.koXsb At]-£n¨v aWvtUm-Zcn km[m-c-W-¡mcn am{Xam-Wv. CXp-hsc Xm³ aWvtUm-Z-cnsb ]«-a-ln-jn-bmbn sh¨p-sIm-n-cp-¶Xv koXsb e`n-¡m-Xn-cp-¶-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. koXsb e`n-¡p¶ \nanjwXm³ aWvtUm-Z-cnsb Dt]-£n¡pw F¶mWv cmh-Wsâ kqN-\).48. `P-am-a-\-h-ZymwKo! ImamÂ Ia-e-tem-Nt\

cwt`mcp arK-im-_m£o! ]qÀ®-N-{µ-\n- m-\t\(`Pþ Pn- mepw. amwþ-F-s¶. A\-h-Zymw-Kn-þ-A-\-h-Zy-amb AwK-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-h-tf. A\hZywþIp-

ä-a-ä. ImamÂ-þ-Im-a-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn. Ia-e-tem-N-\-þ-Xm-a-c-¡-®n. cwt`m-cp-þ-cw- -sb-t¸m-epÅ Dutcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ. cw`-þ-hm-g. arK-im-_m-£n-þ-am³Ip-«n-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-epÅ I®p-IÄ. im_w-þ-Ip-«n. ]qÀ®-N-{µ-\n-`m-\-t\-þ-]qÀ®-N-{µ\p Xpey-amb apJ-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-tf. \n`w-þ-Xp-eyw).49. XthZw ]ß-]-{Xm£w apJw ZrjvSm at\m-caw

{`qe-Xm-e-fnXw Im -a-\wtKm _m[tX `riw(Xth-Zwþ Xh+CZw \nsâ Cu. ]ß-]-{Xm-£w-þ-Xm-a-c-bn-XÄ t]mepÅ I®p-IÄ. ZrjvSzm-þ-I-

n-«v. {`qe-Xm-e-fn-Xw-þ-]p-cn-I-s¡m-Sn-bmÂ at\m-l-cw. `riwþ Gähpw....... \nsâ Cu Xma-c-bn-XÄt]mepÅ I®p-Ifpw a\-Êns\ can- n-¡p-¶Xpw ]pcn-I-s¡m-Sn-sImv at\m-l-chpw Im -hp-ambapJhpw In«v Fs¶ A\w-K³ AXy-[nIw _m[n-¡p-¶p).50. cmPym-Nyp-X-a-kn-²mÀ°w cmaw cmaw ]cn-an-Xm-bpjw

ssIÀKp-ssW-c-\p-c-àmkn aqtV ]WvUn-X-am-\n\w



(cmPym-Nyp-Xw-þ-cm-Py- nÂ \n¶v FSp-s¯-dn-b-s -«-h³. Akn-²mÀ°w-þ-AÀ°w ([-\w) e`n-¡m- -h³. ]cn-an-Xm-bp-jw-þ-]-cn-an-X-amb Bbp-tÊm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h³. ssIÀKpssW:þ ssI:+KpssW:þF´p-Kp-W-§-fmÂ. A\p-c-àm-kn-þ\o A\p-cp-à-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]WvUn-X-am-\n-\w-þ-]-WvUn-X³ F¶pA`n-am-\n-¡p-¶-h³þ hmkvX-h- nÂ bmsXmcp ]mWvUn-Xy-hp-an-Ãm- -h³...... aqtV! cmPy- nÂ\n¶vFSp-s¯-dn-b-s¸«h\pw bmsXmcp k¼¯pw CÃm- -h-\pw, ]cn-an-X-amb Bbp-tÊm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw,]WvUn-X-am-\n-bp-amb cmas\ \o F´p -Kp-W-§-fm-emWv t{]an-¡p-¶Xv?

Hcp kv{Xo A\p-cp-à-bm-I- ¡ bmsXmcp KpWhpw cmh-Wsâ A`n-{]m-b- nÂ cma-\n-Ã.A§-s\-bpÅ cma-\nÂ A\p-cp-à-bm-b-Xp-sIm-mWv knXsb aqtV F¶ cmh-W³ hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv ).51. At{K-IÅ alm-ap-\n¡p NpaSpw

sI«n- n-c«pw ]Snþ¨p{Kmßm hgn-taÂ h[n¨p hn[hmw

hr²mw Irimw XmSImwsNmÂs¡mÅpw Id-fn-s¡-XnÀ¯p hncpXpw

sI«n- n-anÀs¯-{Xbpwapjv¡m-e- -g-hn-sÃm-Sn¨p ]nSn-s]-«m³

\ns¶ \nÀhym-Ipew(At{K-þ-ap-¼nÂ. IÅ-a-lm-ap-\n-þ-C-hnsS hnizm-an-{X³, ]nc-Sv-þ-X-{´w, D{Km-·m-þ-i-à³. (]n-]-

coX e£-W-bnse {]tbm-Kw) Irimw-þ-sa-en-ª-hÄ. Ipd-fnþ thiy. hncp-Xpw-sI-«n-þ-km-aÀ°yw-Im-Wn- v. \nÀhym-Ip-ew-þ-bm-sXmcp hymIpeX-bp-an-Ãm-sX.......IÅ-a-lm-ap-\n-bpsS apt¼ Npa-sS-Sp- p-sIm-p-t]m-bn. X{ -§-sfÃmw ]Tn- v, D{K-\mb Ah³ hgn-bnÂ h¨vv hr²bpw hn[-hbpw Iri-bp-ambXmS-Isb h[n- v, t]cp-tI« thiy-bpsS ap¼nÂ Xsâ kmaÀ°yw {]I-Sn- n¨v apjvSn-¡p-sImv B]g-hn-sÃm-Sn¨v bmsXmcp t¢i-hp-an-ÃmsX \ns¶ ]nSn-s -Sp- p.

kzoXm-kz-bw-h-c- n\p ap¼pÅ cmasâ Pohn-X- nse {][m\ kw -h-§-fmb hnizm-an-{X-bmKc£, XmS-Im-h-[w, Al-eym-tam£w F¶nh lmkym-ß-I-ambn Cu tÇmI- nÂ kqNn- n-¡p-¶p.hnizm-an-{Xs\ IÅ-k-\ym-kn-bmbn IW-¡m-¡p¶ cmh-W³ hnizm-an-{Xs\ IÅ k\ym-kn-bmbn IW-¡m¡p¶ cmh-W³ hnizm-an-{X-\nÂ \n¶v cma³ _e, AXn-_e F¶o a{ -§-f- y-kn- Xpw Akv{X-hnZy ]Tn- Xpw ]nc-«p-]-Sn -am-bn-«mWv hymJym-\n-¡p-¶-Xv.\oe-a-lm-taLw t]mse F¶v I®-È³hÀ®³ hÀ®n-¡p¶ XmS-I-bmWv cmh-Wsâ ZrjvSn-bnÂ hr²bpw Iri-bpw. A§-s\-bp-Å-hsfh[n-¡p-¶-Xn\v henb Ign-shm¶pw th-tÃm. AXp-sImv D{Kmßm F¶v hn]-co-X-e-£-W-bnÂcmas\ hnti-jn- n-¡p-¶p. Aley cmh-W\v thiybpw ss{Xbw-_Iw ]g-hn-Ãp-am-Wv ).52. lmky-{_m-Ò-W-s\- -Sp- -g-Ip-Xmbv

{]mIn- ,-\À°-s -Spþ¯m¯m-\-µn-a-cp¶ t\c-a- ntj

Imt´ ]ngp-¡o-Sn-\mÄHmÀ¯m-se{X hnNn{X a¶-\p-P\pw

Xm\pw ]pd-s¸«p t]mþbmÀ¯ym-ImSp Itcdn \obp-a-hcpw

IqSn- n-S-ªo-etbm(lmky{_m-Ò-W³-þ-]-c-ip-cm-a³. ({_m-ÒW [À½w shSnªv £{Xn-b-[À½w A\p-jvTn- -Xp-

sImv A]-lm-ky-\m-bn- oÀ¶-h³) Ag-Ip-Xmbv {]mIn- v-þ-\-Ã -h®w i]n¨v þ iIm-cn- v. A\À°-s -Sp- n-þ-I-jvS-s -Sp- n. ]ngp-¡o-Sn-\mÄþ ]ngp-sX-dn-ªp (ssI-tIbn cmPy¯p \n¶ ]pd- m-¡n)

koXm-kz-bw-h-c-¯n-\n-tijw Atbm-²y-bn-tebv¡p aS-§p-t¼mÄ ]c-ip-cm-a³ {iocm-as\XSªp \nÀ¯n _e-]-co-£-W- n\p hnt[-b-\m-¡nb IY-bm-Wv BZys¯ hcn-I-fnÂ kqNn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. “lmky-{_m-Ò-W³” F¶-Xn\p ]Icw “BVy-{_m-Ò-W³” F¶pw Hcp ]mT-ap-v. BVy-{_m-Ò-W\mb ]c-ip-cm-as\ D]-{Z-hn¨ cma³ alm-]m]n-bm-Wv. ]c-ip-cm-a-\mWv bYmÀ°- nÂ {iocm-as\ XS-ªp-\nÀ¯p-¶-sX-¦nepw cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶Xv adn- m-Wv.



“Ag-Ip-Xmbv {]mIn¨p” F¶-Xn\v \Ã A½sb Ic-bn- p F¶v AÀ°w sImSp- p ImWp-¶p. ]t£ {]mIn-¡p-I F¶Xn\v i]n-¡p-I, iIm-cn-¡pI Fs¶m-s¡-bmWv {]kn-²-amb AÀ°w.Iuk-eysb Ic-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v ChnsS {]k-àn-bp-an-Ã. ]pgp-¡o-Sn-\mÄ F¶v kv{XoenwKw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv ssItIbn cmas\ \m«nÂ \n¶v B«n- m-bn¨p F¶ AÀ°-amWv cmh-W³Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv ).53. `I-Xzm-iqÀ -W-Jm-sam-fn¨p apebpw

aq¡pw-ap-dn-¨q-cpjmXytàzamw `hXow NXn- p-a-dn-am³

]n³t] \S-¶o-Sn\m³DÄ¯m-t]\ InS-¶n-g-sªmcp Ipc

t§s¨¶p Imepw-]n-Snþs¨m¯pw sImsm-fn-b¼p hns«m-cp-h-s\þ

s¡m¶m-\-tlm-ho-cy-hm³( iqÀ -W-Jsb cl-ky-ambn Bkz-Zn- n«v, tIm]-t¯m-Sp-IqSn Ah-fpsS aq¡pw apebpw apdn-

¨v. Cu `h-Xnsb Dt]-£n- n«v adn-am³ ]n³t] \S-¶p. ]ns¶ a\:{]bm-k-t¯m-Sp-IqSn Cg-bp¶ Cg-bp¶ Hcp Ipc-§sâ Imep-]n-Sn- v, Ah-\p-ambn tNÀ¶v Hfn-b-s¼bvXv B hocy-hm³ Hcp-hs\ sIm¶p.

iqÀ -W-Jm-hn-cq-]-Whpw amco-N-\n-{K-lhpw _men-h-[hpw Cu tÇmI- nÂ kqNn- n-¡p-¶p.cmh-Wsâ A`n-{]m-b- nÂ cma³ iqÀ -WJsb t`mKn- -Xn-\p-ti-j-amWv Ah-fpsS aq¡pw apebpwapdn- -Xv. koX ]d-ªn-«mWv cma³ am\nsâ ]nd-sI t]mb-sX-¦nepw cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶Xv koXsbDt]-£n- n«v -am\nsâ ]nd-sI t]mbn F¶m-Wv. AXm-bXv am\nsâ ]n¶m-se -t]m-b-Xn\v cma\v Ft´mHcp KqtVm-t±iyw Dm-bn-cp¶p F¶v hywKyw. DÄ¯m-t]\ InS-¶n-gª Ipc-§³ kp{Ko-h³ Hfn-b-s¼bvXp sIm¶Xv _men-sb. hocy-hm³ F¶Xv hn]-co-X-e-£-W-bnÂ {]tbm-Kn- n-cp-¶p.

Bc-Wy-Im-WvU- nÂ iqÀ -WJ cma-e-£va-W-·msc kao-]n¨v hnhm-lm- yÀ°\ \S- p-t¼mÄ AhÀ Ahsf icn¡pw Ifn- n-¡p-¶p. CXnÂ tZjyw tXm¶nb iqÀ -WJ koXsb Xn¶m-\-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ cmasâ \nÀt±-i-{]-Imcw e£va-W-\mWv Ahsf AwK-tOZw sNbvXv hncq-]-bm-¡n-b-Xv. aq¡pw sNhnbpw tOZn- p Ft¶ hmevao-In-cmambW- nÂ ]d-bp-¶p-Åq. (B-c-Wy-ImWvUw18þmw kÀ¤w 21þmw tÇmIw) Fgp- -Ñ³ A²ym-ß-cm-am-b-W- nÂ aq¡pw apebpw sNhn-bp-sams¡tOZn¨p F¶p ]d-bp-¶p).

54. Bim-]miw apdn-¡m-an\n cLp-X-\tbhocy-lo\mw h[q\mw

\mi- n-¶mZn ]mgvIm-ap-I-scm-sS-XnÀIS-¶pÅ tIfo-hn-t\mZw

\oNm\mw \oN-\tÃm ]p\-c-h-\-h\uP·-\nÀ`m-Ky-s\-¦nÂ

t¢in- mepw hcmtam ]p\-cn-l- Z-bntXhniz-\m-Y¶p t]mepw

(Bim-]miw þBim-_-Ôw. cLp-X-\-tb-þ-c-Lp-X-\-b-\n-epÅ ({io-cm-a-\n-ep-Å) hocy-lo-t\-þ-ho-cy-lo-\-bmb. h[q-\mw-þ-h-[p-¡-fpsS. Ah-\u-þ- q-an-bnÂsh¨v. hniz-\m-Y³-þ-Cu-iz-c³....... hocy-lo-\-\mb cLp-X-\-b-\n-epÅ \nsâ Bim]miw C\n apdn-¡mw. BZn-]m-gvIm-ap-I-tcmSv h[p-¡Ä¡pÅAXnÀI-S¶ tIfo-hn-t\mZw \mi- n-\m-Wv. Ah³ qan-bn-te¡pwsh v \oN-·m-cnÂ \oN-\m-Wv. P·\m\nÀ`m-Ky-hm-\m-sW-¦nÂ Cuiz-c-\p-t]mepw ChnsS t¢in- mepw, Zbn-tX, hcm³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã.]ns¶ a\p-jy-\mb cmasâ Imcyw ]d-tb--Xptm F¶v Bi-bw.e¦-bnÂ hcm³ km[n-¡m- -Xnsâ ImcWw ASp¯ tÇmI- nÂ ]d-bp-¶p).55. InS-§w-t`m-\m-Y³ Kncn-in-Jc IqtSjp \Kcn

]S-¡q«w `oaw \nd-a-Xn-te-Im-Z-i-hn[w



\Sp- -«n-·t²y aWn-a-b-hn-am\w _lp-Zfwkv^pSm-t`mKw Xkvan³ aa Ia\n knwlm-k-\-hcw

(Kncn-in-Jc IqtS-jpþ Kncn-in-Jn-c-Iq-S-§-fnÂ (]ÀÆ-X-§-fnse sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fnÂ) \K-cn-þ-\-K-cw. oaw-þ-h-ep-Xv. \nd-a-XnÂ-þ-a-t\m-l-c-am-b. GIm-Z-i-hn-[w-þ-]-Xn-s\m¶p Xc- nÂ. kv^pSm-t`m-Kw-þ-h-fsc hnkvXm-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn. Xkvan³-þ-A-XnÂ. aWn-a-b-hn-am-\w-þ-c-Xv\-a-b-amb amfn-I. _lp-Z-fwþ _lp-ap-Jw....... Cu e¦m-\-K-c- nsâ InS§v kap-{Z-am-Wv. \Kcw ØnXn sN¿p-¶-Xv ]ÀÆ-X-§-fnse sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fn-em-Wv. ssk\yw hfsc hep-XmWv. AXn\p Npäp-ambn at\m-l-c-amb ]Xn-s\m¶phn[- n-epÅ tIm«-a-Xn-ep-IÄ Dv. \Sp- -«nsâ a²y- n-emWv _lp-a-J-amb cXv\-a-Wn-am-fnI: hfschnkvXr-X-amb AXn-emWv AÃtbm kpµco Fsâ t{ijvT-amb knwlm-k-\w.

kap-{Z- mepw ]ÀÆ-X- mepw Npä-s -«Xpw ]Xn-s\m¶p tIm«-a-Xn-ep-I-fp-ÅXpw henb Hcpssk\y- mÂ c£n-¡-s -«-Xp-amb e¦m-\-K-c- nÂ F¯n-t¨À¶v Xs¶ h[n-¡pI F¶Xv BÀ¡pwZpjv¡-c-am-Wv. koXsb Hcp-X-c- nepw c£-s]-Sp- m³ BÀ¡pw Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã).56. D¯cw Ia\n t]mcp-an-¶n-a-Xnþ

bpp-]p ]e-cp-p-Nmþcn{X-sa-s¶m-c-S-thmXn \n¶-sXmcp

ap³]p tXm¶p-an-Xp-tbm-jn-Xmw.Nn¯-kw- -h-Xp-cmÂ ]nW-ª-hÀIÄ

X§tf aXn-a-d-¶p-sh¬þap¯-Wnª ape amdnÂsh¨p

]pW-cp-¶n-Xw-_p-P-hn-tem-Nt\!(t]mcpw-þ-a-Xn. tbmjn-Xmw-þ-kv{Xo-IÄ¡v. Nn¯-kw- -h-Xp-cmÂ-þ-ImaZp:Jw \nan- w.....

Ia\o! D¯cw aXn. ]v _p²n-a-Xn-I-fmb ]e-cpw Nmcn{Xw F¶ AS-sh-Sp¯p \n¶n-«p-v. kv{XoIÄ¡vCXv BZyw tXm¶p-¶-Xm-Wv. AhÀ Xs¶ ]n¶oSv ImaZp:Jw \nan¯w X§-sf- s¶ ad¶v ap¯-Wn-ª-ape amdnÂ tNÀ¯v Aw_p-P-hn-tem-Nt\! Benw-K\w sN¿pw).ZWvUIw:þ

abv¡-®n-amÀ aIcn! \njvss¡-Xhw XcnIXbvs¡m-¦-sam«p aa kotX!aXn-lr-Z-b-\mtY! aZ-\-XpbnÀ aotXag-e-angn! a\-kn-aa ac-W-an\nhnc-k-anXp apdp-h-e-cpÄ cP-\o-N-c-t]m-tX,

Zp:Jm[nIw \nb-X-an-t¡m¸p k{¼-Xn,Ipfn-s¡, ´Xn-s¶m-cp-]-tcm[w?Zpcn-X-an-Xp-t_m[w hcn-I-e-Xn-]m]wZpc-\p- h a\p-P-kpX KX-lr-Z-b-hXn! hnlcZi-apJ \nX-\p-k-cXn IenX ]cn-_m[w[n¡-jp-anÃ ]p\-cn-¡ cmh-Wþ\nW-¡msX s]®p-e-In-emtc?hnhn-[-c-k-[mtc! hncp-X-Xn-\p-]qtchnK-X- -b, anf-ap-eI, fg-sIm-S-cp-f-[-c-a[phnXcaa a[p-c-samgn bph-lr-Z-b-tNmtckÂ¡m-c-a-Ãbn hNn-¡p¶ tXmXp-anXpXbvs¡m-¦-bmW ]c-amÀ°w,kpc-bp-hXn kmÀ°w ]cn-N-cW ]m{Xw,Ipfn, Ipdn-bn, sSgp-\nÂ, \S, ]n_,-hn-cl hnc-hn-s\mSphn[n hnln-X-a-\p-k-cXn kI-e-a-Xn-am-{Xw.



(abv¡-®n-amÀa-I-cnþ kpµ-co-c-Xv\w. \njvssI-X-hw-þ-I-f-¦w-Iq-Sm-sX. aZ-\-Xp-bnÀ-þ-Im-aZp:Jw.ag-e-an-gn-þ-a-t\m-l-c-amb I®p-Å-hÄ. apdp-hÂ-þ-]p-©n-cn. cP-\n-N-c-t]m-tX-þ-cm-£-k-¡p-«n-bnÂ. D]-tcm-[w-þ-X-S-Êw. Zpc-\p- -h-a-\p-P-kp-X-K-X-lr-Z-b-h-Xn-þ-Zp-c-\p- -h-apÅ a\p-jy-]p-{X-\nÂ lrZbw AÀ¸n- -hÄ. hnl-c-þ-hn-l-cn- m-epw. Ien-X-]-cn-_m-[w-þ-_p-²n-ap-t«m-Sp-Iq-Sn. [nIv-þ-im-]-kq-N-I-amb Hcp Ahy-bw. hnhn-[-c-k-[m-tcþ ]e ck-§Ä [cn-¡p-¶-htf (]e coXn-bnÂ ckn- n-¡p-¶-h-tf) hncp-Xv-þ-km-aÀ°yw. ]qtc-þ-[m-cm-f-am-bn. hnK-X- -bw-þ- -bw-Iq-Sm-sX. hnX-c-þ-X-cn-I. kÂ¡m-cw-þ-kÂ¡mc hN-Êv.(AÀ°-an-ÃmsX \ÂIp¶ {]iw-k) kpc-bp-hXn kmÀ°w-þ-tZ-h-bp-h-Xn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn. ]cn-N-cW ]m{Xwþ]cn-N-c-W- n\v ]m{Xw. Fgp-\nÂ-þ-F-gp-t\Â¡p-I. ]n_þ IpSn- m-epw, hn[n-hn-lXw A\p-k-c-Xn-þ-hn-[n-\n-Ý-bs¯ A\p-k-cn-¡p-¶p. kI-ew-þ-FÃm hkvXp-¡fpw. AXn-am-{Xw-þ-A-Xy-Xn-Iw. .... F-Ãm-hcpwhn[n hnln-Xs¯ AXy-[nIw A\p-k-cn-¡p-¶p. Ft¶mSv tNcpI F¶Xv \nsâ hn[n-bm-Wv. AXv \oA\p-k-cn-¡Ww F¶p `mhw).57. Zi-{Ko-h³ {`m´ym ]e-hgn ]d-tªm-c-fhtlm

hiw sI«-Xy´w Xc-f-angn \nÀ®o-b-a-\kmINm-ss{K-cm-ÑmZym {]IrXn a[pcw h{à-I-aewhtNm-aµw aµw P\-I-X-\bm hyml-cn-Zn-Zw.(Zi-{Ko-h³-þ-]¯v Igp- p-Å³ (cm-h-W³) Xc-f-an-gn-þ-C-f-Ip¶ It®m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hÄ. \nÀ®o-

b-a-\-km-þ-\n-Ý-bn-¡-s -«-a-\tkmSpIq-Sn-b-h-fm-bn, Xe-ap-Sn-bpsS Aäw-sImv {]IrXym a[p-c-amb apJ-I-aew ad- n«v aµw aµw C{]-Imcw ]d-ªp.

koX-bpsS kzX:kn²-amb Ipeo-\-X-sbbpw kz`m-h-ip-²n-sbbpw shfn- -s -Sp- p¶ hm¡p-I-fmWv N¼p-Im-c³ 58 apXÂ 62 hsc-bpÅ ivtfmI-§-fnÂ HuNn-Xy-]qÀÆw \nth-in- n¨ncn-¡p-¶-Xv ).58. “cm£-tk-izc! \n\¡p lnXw \oþ

tbmÀ¡ IjvS, anX-Xoh hnti-j-mÂamÀ¤-ambv Nne ]Xn-{h-X-am-tcþImev¡-en«p ]ne-bm-«pI tbmKyw.”

( AÃtbm cm£k cmPmth! \n\¡v lnX-am-bXv F´m-sW¶v \o Btem-Nn- m-epw.AXoh hnti-j-amÀ¤- nÂ Nne ]Xn-{h-X-amsc \nsâ ImevI-en«v hy`n-N-cn-¡p-¶Xv AXy-[nIw IjvS-am-Wv. CXv tbmKy-amtWm?_emÂ¡m-tcW ]Xn-{h-X-Isf ]Sn- p-sImv h¶v Ahsc ImÂ¡Â]nSn- p-sI-«nbn«v hy`n-N-cn-¡p-¶Xv cm£-k-N-{I-hÀ¯n-bmb cmh-W\v H«pw tbmPn- -X-Ã F¶p mhw).59. `oam cm£-k-PmXn \o ]p\-c-XnÂ

t]m¶pw ]nd-¶n-§s\Ima-{`m- p-]n-Sn¨p apÆp-e-Inepw

KXzm-Ipe kv{XoIpewkmaÀt°y\ ]nSn¨p ]q-Jn-e-amþ

«ns¡mp t]mcp-¶-Xn³t]À asäm-¶o-hnSw \in¡p a[p-\mþ

\nÀ®o-X-tamÀ¯o-sStSm(cm-£-k-Pm-Xn-bnÂ P\n¨ \o Ima-{`m´p ]nSn¨v aq¶p temI- nepw sN¶v Ipe-

kv{Xo-Isf _emÂ¡m-c-ambn ]nSn- p-sIm-p-t]m-cp-¶-Xnsâ t]cv asäm-¶m-Wv.-C-hnSw Ct¸mÄ AXp-sImv \in¡pw F¶Xv \nÝ-bw.-AXv \o HmÀan-¡p-I).60. ZpÀhym-]m-c-§Ä \¶-sÃmcp ]pcp-j-s\m-cn-¡m-ep-sa-¶-§-dnªo;

ShymPw \mY-\m-Ip-¶Xp ]nin-X- p-Pm-an¶p \osb-¦nepw tIÄKÀÆn- o-SmbvI \mSpw \K-cn-bp-ap-b-sc-¡-p-c-¼p sImtkÀÆw `kvao-I-cn- m³ Jc-cn]p s]cn-sI-t¸m-cp-sa-t¶mÀ¡ \q\w.

(Hcp ]pcp-j\v Hcp Ime¯pw ZpÀhym-]m-c-§Ä \¶-Ã. \o \c-amw-k-t`m-Pn-I-fmbcm£-k-·m-cpsS N{I-hÀ¯n-bmsW¦nepw A¡mcyw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. \o shdpsX Al-¦-cn-¡-.Cu \mSpw \K-chpw Zqsc \n¶v Db-c- nÂ Ip-sImv cv A¼p-sXm-Sp¯v kva-am-¡p-hm³ Jc-cn]p [mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw.



Jc-Zq-jW{Xnin-cm-¡Ä cmh-Wsâ ktlm-Z-c-·m-cmWv. ZWvU-Im-c-Wy- nÂ ]mÀ¯n-cp¶Ah-cp-sS-b-Sp-t¯-bv¡mWv \mkn-Im-tO-Z-\m-\- cw ]mÀ¯n-cp¶ iqÀ -WJ hne-]n- p-sImp sN¶-Xv. Ah-scbpw Ah-cpsS ]Xn-\m-em-bncw AwK-kw-Jy-h-cp¶ ssk\y-s¯bpw \in- n-¡p-hm³ cma\pIgn-ªp. Jc-s\-s¡m¶ cma\v cmh-W-s\-s¡m-Ãp¶ Imcyw A{X {]bm-k-ap-Å-XÃ F¶v koXhywKy-ambn kqNn- n-¡p-¶p).61. \n\¡p Pohn-¡-bn-ep-sm-cmi

a\-Ên-se-¦nÂ Ign-hp-n-Zm\owA\À°-an-sÃ-s¶-sb-Sp- p-t\tch\-¯n-em-¡n-s¯m-gp-cm-a-N{µw

( \n\¡p Pohn-¡m³ a\-ÊnÂ B{K-l-ap-s-¦nÂ AXn\v Ct¸mÄ amÀ¤-ap-v. Fs¶-sb-Sp¯v h\- n-em¡n cma-N-{µs\ sXmgp-I. \n\¡v bmsXm-c-]-S-I-Shpw kw`-hn-¡p-I-bn-Ã).62. sNmtÃWw \Ã-sX-Ãm-scm-Sp, an\n-hn-c-thmþ

sSs¶bpwsImp sasÃþsNÃq hÃmbva sNmÃq Nc-W-X-fn-c-Spþ

¯mw {]Imcw hW§qIeym-Wm-hm-k-a-t¸m-fbn aa IanXm

cma-`-t{Zm-Z-bmÀss{ZcptÃm-sseÀZr-jvSn-]m-ssX, c`-b-a-cpfp

antÃ-Xpta kwibw ta(hnc-thm-Svþ thK- nÂ. Bw{]-Im-cwþ Bhpw hn[- nÂ. Ieym-Wm-hm-kw-þ-aw-K-f- n-\v AXn-

hm-k-Øm-\w. Ian-Xm-þ- À¯m-hv. ZbmÀss{Z-þ-Z-b-sImv \\-ª. DtÃm-sse-þ-C-f-Ip-¶. ZrjvSn-]m-ssX:-þ-t\-«w-sIm-v. A`-bwþ B{i-bw..... \o FÃ-h-tcmSpw \Ã-Xp-am-{Xta ]d-bm-hq. C\n thK- nÂFs¶bpw sImv sasÃ-s¨¶v £a-]-dªv At±-l- nsâ ]mZ-X-fnc v Bhpw a«v hW-§p-I. awK-f- nsâ \nhm-k-Øm-\-amb Fsâ `À¯mhv cma- -{Z³ Zb-sImv \\-ªXpw Cf-Ip-¶-Xp-ambt\m«w-sImv \n\¡v B{ibw Xcpw. A¡m-cy- nÂ H«pw kwi-b-an-Ã ).63. C°w hntZ-l-X-\bm hN-\m-h-kmt\

at¯m \nim-N-c-]-XnÀ½-[pcw _`mtj:apKvt²! ]d-ªXp Xptem-a-g-Ipp \t½mþSÀ²-£Ww Ia\n tIÄ¡-h-tNm-a-Zobw(C°wþC{]-Im-cw. hntZ-l-X-\bm hN-\m-h-km-t\-þ-hn-tZ-l-X-\-b-bpsS hN-\m-h-km-\- nÂ.

a¯-þ-a-Zn- -h³. _`m-tjþ ]d-ªp. apKvt²-þ-C-hnsS aqtV! F¶v AÀ°w. AÀ²-£-Ww-þ-A-c-\n-an-jw. htNm-a-Zo-bw-þ-Fsâ hm¡p-IÄ.......C{]-Im-c-apÅ koX-bpsS hm¡p-I-fp-sS- A-h-km-\- nÂaZn¨ cm£-km-[n-]Xn a[p-c-ambn ]d-ªp. aqtV! \o \t½mSp ]d-ªXv hfsc \¶m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.Ia\o! \o Fsâ hm¡p-IÄ Ac -\n-an-j-t¯¡p tIÄ¡p-I.... .....XpSÀ¶pÅ ]¯p tÇmI-§-fnÂXm\pw cma\pw X½n-epÅ t`Zw kc-k-ambn cmh-W³ hnh-cn-¡p-¶p).64. cma³ ]mÀ¯mÂ a\p-jy- pgp cP-\n-N-cmþ

[oiz-c³ Rm³, sImSp-¦mþSmhmk Øm\-tamÀ¯m-e-h-\,-g-In-b-eþ

¦m]pcn am Zri\mwkmam\yw Xqb ]q¼-«p-I-fpSp ]pS-hþ

¨mÀ¯, h¶-§p-Sp- m³]mÀtaÂ ]mcp-jy-taepw ac-hp-cn, ZbntX!

}R§-fnÂ Im¬I t`Zw(Btem-Nn- mÂ cma³ shdpw a\p-jy- p-gp-hmWv. Rmt\m cm£-km-[o-iz-c-\m-Wv. Ahsâ

hmk-Øm\w sImSp-¦m-Sm-Wv. Fs¶-t¸m-ep-Å-h-cp-tStbm? at\m-l-c-amb e¦m-\-K-cn-bpw. \Ã-t]mseshfp¯ at\m-l-c-amb hkv{X-§-fmWv F\n-¡p-Å-Xv. Ah-\m-sW-¦nÂ ]cp-]-cp¯ ac-hp-cnbpw ZbntX!R§Ä X½n-epÅ t`Zw \o ImWp-I).

111



65. ssIbp-m-enw-K-\- n-¶n-cp-]-Xp, hZ-\mþNpw_-\- n-¶p-tafw

sN¿pw h{à-§Ä ]¯,RvP\-in-J-cn-X-Smþt`mKn tZmc- cmfw

i¿mta cmP-lw-k-s¨dp NndIp ]Xpþ¸n«p-]- -¼-sX-¶mþ

e¿m kotX! at\m taml\ X\p-e-XntIR§-fnÂ Im¬I-t`-Zw.

(ARvP-\-in-J-cn-X-Sm-t`mKn þ AÚ\ ]ÀÆ-X- nse Xmgvhc t]mse hnkvXr-X-am-b-Xv. tZmc--cm-fw-þ-am-dn-Sw. ]Xp- n-«-þ-amÀ±-h-ta-dn-b. at\m-tam-l-\-X-\p-e-Xn-I-þ-a-\-Êns\ tamln- n-¡p¶ ico-c-a-Ip¶

eX-tbmSp IqSn-b-hÄ.......Benw-K\w sN¿p-¶-Xn\v F\n¡v Ccp-]Xv ssII-fp-v. apJ-Npw-_-\- n\pat\m-l-c-amb ]¯p-ap-J-§fmWp-Å-Xv. AÚ-\-]ÀÆ-X- nsâ Xmgvhmcw t]mse hnkvXr-X-amWv Fsâamdn-Sw. cmP-lw-k- nsâ sNdnb Xqh-ep-IÄ sImp-m-¡nb arZp-e-amb ]¯¼Xp InS-¡p-IÄF\n-¡p-v. at\m-tam-l-\-e-XntI! R§Ä X½n-epÅ hyXymkw \o ImWp-I).66. ZrKveoemkp kIu-XpIw bZn a\þ

kvXt· Zrimw hnwiXn¶nÊÔu ]cn-cw- tW cXn-ctlm

tZmÀ½-WvUeo ZriyXmwt{]am-tNÂ ]cn-Npw-_t\ Zi-apJo

sshtZln kÖm-]pc:]ue-kvXyky N cmL-hky Na-lXv

]tiym-]-Nm-cm-´cw(ZrKveoemkp-þ-I-S-¡¬ hnem-k-§-fnÂ, kIu-Xp-Iw- b-Zn-a\: a\-ÊnÂ IuXpIw Ds-¦nÂ.

taþ-F-\n-¡v. hnwi-Xn-Zp-imw-þ-C-cp-]Xp I®p-IÄ. \nÊ-Ôu-]-cn-cw- -tW-þ-Km-V-amb Benw-K-\- nÂ.cXn-þ-Xm-Xv]-cyw. tZmÀ½-WvU-eo-þ-I-c-k-aq-lw. Zri-Xmw-þ-I-m-epw. t{]am-tN-Xv- ]c Npw_-t\-þ-Npw-_-\- nemWv XmXv]-cy-sa-¦nÂ. ]pc: þap-¼nÂ. kÖmþ Xbm-dm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]ue-kvXy-þ-]u-e-kvXysâ(]u-e-kvXysâ hwi- nÂ ]nd¶ cmh-W-sâ) al-Xv-þ-h-en-b. D]-Nm-cm- -cw-þ-kÂ¡m-c-hy-Xym-kw.]iy-þ-I-m-epw......: tl sshtZlo! IS-¡¬ hnem-k-§-fn-emWv \nsâ a\-Ên\v IuXp-I-sa-¦nÂF\n¡v Ccp-]Xp I®p-I-fp-v. KmV-amb Benw-K-\- n-\mWv XmXv]-cy-sa-¦nÂ Ic-k-aqlw Im-epw. Npw_-\- n-emWv \n\¡v Xmev]-cy-sa-¦nÂ \nsâ ap¼nÂ ]¯p-ap-J-§Ä X¿m-dm-bn-«p-v. cma-sâbpw cmhW-sâbpw kÂ¡m-c- n-epÅ henb hyXymkw \o Im-epw.

cXn-eoem hnem-k-§-fnÂ X\n¡v cma-t\-¡mÄ anI-hp-s¶v Cu tÇmI- n-eqsS cmh-W³Nqn¡m-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. cma\v cp I®p-I-fp-Å-t¸mÄ cmh-W\v Ccp-]Xv I®p-I-fp-v. Ccp-]Xp I®p-sIm-pÅ ISm-£-hn-t£-]-§Ä cp-I-®p-sIm-p-Å-Xn-t\-¡mÄ al- -c-am-bn-cn-¡p-a-tÃm. Benw-K\w sN¿m³ cma\v cv ssIbp-Å-t¸mÄ cmh-W\v Ccp-]Xv ssII-fp-v. Ccp-]Xv ssIsIm-pÅBenw-K\w F{X KmV-am-sW¶v ]d-tb--Xn-Ã-tÃm. Npw_-\- n-\m-Is« cmh-W\v ] v apJ-§-fp-v,cma\v Ht¶-bp-Åq. ISm-£w, Benw-K-\w, Npw_\w XpS-§nb cXn-eo-em-ssh-hn-Zv[y-§-fnÂ cma-t\-¡mÄ Ignhv X\n¡v {]I-Sn- n-¡p-hm³ Ignbpw F¶mWv cmh-W-sâ -hn-h-£).67. {io ssIemtk kptacu kpc-an-Yp\ at\mþ

\µt\ \µ-t\- qþtemtI ]mXmf temI-§-fn-ep-Zb Kncu

Nµ-t\m-Zym-\-amÀt¤BImti apKv²-knÔu lna-i-J-cn-XtS

Rm\p-am-bvt¡fn sN¿mþtaIm-t -l- -Imt´! cLp-X-\b ]nimþ

sN¶p anm-bvsItSm \o.( at\m-l-c-amb ssIem-k-]ÀÆ-X- nepw kpta-cp-]ÀÆ-X- nepw tZh-an-Yp-\-§-fp-sS-a-\-Êns\

kt´m-jn- n-¡p¶ \µ-t\m-Zym-\- nepw, qtem-I-§-fnepw, ]mXm-f-tem-I-§-fnepw DZ-b-]ÀÆ-X- nepwae-b-]ÀÆ-X- nse Nµ-t\m-Zym-\- nepw BIm-i- nepw ]mem-gn-bnepw lna-hXv ]ÀÆ-X- nsâ Xmgvhc-I-fnepw \n\¡v Ft¶m-sSm¸w GIm- -ambn tIfn sN¿mw. Imt´! cLp-X-\-b³ F¶ B ]nim-Nn-

112



s\-¡p-dn¨v \osbm¶p anm-Xn-cn-¡v.`qanbpw kzÀ¤hpw ]mXm-fhpw X\n¡v Hcp-t]mse A[o-\-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv Ahn-S-§-fnse GXp hninjvS§fmb Øe-§-fnepw koXsb sImp-t]mbncXn-kpJw A\p- -hn- n¡mw F¶mWv cmh-W³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv).68. \nXyw \nXyw {]`mtX kP-e-P-e-[-cþ

[zm\ Kw`o-c-tamtcm]p¯³hm-Zn-{X-tLmjw cP-\n-N-c-h-[qþ

KoXn-t`-Zm\p bmXwat²y at²y apg§pw Pb-_n-cp-Z-a-lmþ

iwJ-kw-Lm-X-a{µwapKvt²! ]mÀt¡-W-ta-\o -Z-i-ap-J-]-Zho

kuc`w Nmcp-iote!(\nXyw \nXyw þ FÃm Znh-khpw. Pk-e-P-e-[-c-[zm-\w-þ-Pew \ndª taL- nsâ i_vZw (C-

Sn-\m-Zw) hmZn-{X-tLm-jwþ hmZy-tLmjw. cP-\o-N-c-h-[q-KoXn t`Zm\p-bm-Xw-þ-c-P-\o-N-c-h-[p-¡-fpsSKoXn-t`-Z- mÂ A\p-bm\w sN¿-s¸«Xv. Pb_ncp-Z-a-lm-iw-J-kw-Lm-X-a-{µw-þ-P-bs¯ DÂtLm-jn-¡p¶ iwJ kaq-l- nsâ i_vZw. Zk-ap-J-]-Z-ho-ku-c- w-þ-Z-i-ap-J-]-Z-hn-bpsS kuc- yw. kuc- ywþIoÀ¯n.(-A-g-Iv)........ Nmcp-iote! apKvt²! FÃm {]`m-X- nepw CSn-\m-Z-s¯-t¸mse Kmw`o-c-am-bXpwcm£-k-h-[p-¡-fpS hnhn[ Xc- n-epÅ ]m«p-I-fmÂ A\p-bm\w sN¿-s -«-Xp-am-b-]p- ³ hmZy-§-fpsS i_vZhpw CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡v apg-§p¶ Fsâ hnP-bs¯ DZvtLm-jn-¡p¶ iwJ\mZhpw tI«vZi-ap-Jsâ ]Z-hn-bpsS IoÀ¯n \o a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.

FÃm {]`m-X-§-fn-epw e¦m\K-cn-bn-ep-b-cp¶ hnhn[ Xc- n-epÅ i_vZ-§-sf-¡p-dn- mWvCu tÇmI- nÂ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. cm£-k-kv{Xo-I-fpsS hnhn[ Xc- n-epÅ ]m«p-Ifpw Ah-bpsS ]Ým-¯-e-amb hmZy-tLm-j-§fpw tIÄ¡mw. CSn-ap-g-¡- n\v kam-\-amWv hmZy-§-fpsS i_vZw. CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡v cmh-Wsâ Pbs¯ DÂtLm-jn-¡p¶ iwJp-I-fpsS apg-¡-hp-ap-v. CsXÃmw N{I-hÀ¯n-sb¶ \ne-bn-epÅ Xsâ {]uVnsb hnfn- -dn-bn¡p¶-XmWv F¶-XmWv cmh-Wsâ ]£w).69. {]Xyqtj aqf-aq-a³ s]cnb ]cp-h-taþ

tedn-Zm-Xyq-l-kwLwt_mt[m-·mZw Nnebv¡pw ]e-X-c-sa-cnhm

hmhnSpw tLmc-tLmcwaXzm-_m-em-\p-cp½pw henb Nne apcw t]À

]pen-¡q-«-a¿mapKvt²-No-ho-S-g¡pw Zi-c-Y-X-\-b³

{]m`hw \s¶m-tcmt¶m({]`m-X- nÂ aq§- aqfpw. henb apf¡q-«-§-fnÂ Ibdn \¯p-IfpsS kwLw D·m-Zt¯m-

Sp-IqSn Nne-bv¡pw. Ipdp-¡³ tLmc-tLm-c-ambn \ne-hn-fn-¡pw. _me-·msc hnNm-cn- n«v henb iàn-bpÅ ]pen-¡q«w Dcp-½pw. NohoSp-IÄ Nne-bv¡pw. apKvt²! Zi-cY X\-bsâ alXzw Hmtcm¶pwhfsc \¶m-bn-cn-¡p¶p!.

“aXzm-_m-em-\p-cp½pw” F¶Xv A]-]m-T--am-Wv. ]e-X-c- n-epÅ i_vZ-§-sf-¡p-dn v ]d-bp¶Iq«-¯nÂ Dcp-½p¶p F¶p ]Z- \v {]k-àn-bn-Ã. Ddp-½p-I-bmhpw icn-bmb ]Zw. Ddp-½pI F¶-Xn\vaqfp-I, apdp-ap-dp-¡pI Fs¶m-s¡-bÀ°w. ]pen-IÄ Ah-cpsS Ip«n-I-sf-sb-Sp¯v hÕ-ey-kq-N-I-ambn apdp-ap-d-¡p¶Xm-bn-cn¡pw ChnsS Dt±-in-¡p-¶-Xv.Ignª tÇmI- nÂ e¦m \K-c- nse i_vZ-tLm-j-§-sf-¡p-dn- mWv ]d-ª-Xv. AXp-ambn AXp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s -Sp- p-t¼mÄ cma³ {]`m-X- nÂ tIÄ¡p¶ i_vZ-§-sf-¡p-dn- mWv ChnsS Bt£-]n¨p ]d-bp-¶-Xv. aq§-I-fpsS aqfepw \¯p-I-fpsS Nne¡epw, Ipdp-¡-·m-cpsS Hmen-bn-S-epw, Noho-Sp-I-fpsS Agbv¡-ep-sam-s¡-bm-Wv cm-asâ {]`m-Xt`cn!. Im«nÂ Cu i_vZ-§-f-ÃmsX asäm¶pwtIÄ¡m³ km[y-a-Ã-tÃm).70. ap§n-s¸m-§o-Sp-ssa-cm-hX aZ-a-ent\

Znhy-Kw-Km-{]-hmtl`wKym-kotX Ipfn-¡m-a-a-c-Xcp Xcpw

113



hmk-ko-am-\\otbiwJ-[zm-\m- n-cmaw KK-\-aXn at\mþ

lmcn tXhm-c-e-£vaoþcwKw amWn-Iy-c-Xv\m-]-e-a-b-a-ate

ama-Io-\mw {]`mhw(sFcm-h-X- a-Z-a-en-t\þ sFcm-h-X- nsâ aZ-Pew sImv aen-\-amb. Aa-c-X-cp-þ-I-ev]-hr-£w.

hmk-ko-am-\-\n-tbþ am\n-¡-s -Sp¶ hkv{X-§Ä. tXhm-c-e-£vao-cw-Kw-þ-tX-hm-c-e-£van-bpsS Bhm-k-Øm-\w(-]qPmØm\w). amWn-Iy-c-Xvt\m-]-e-a-bwþ amWn-Iy-¡Ãpw cXv\-§fpw ]Xn- -Xv.......... kotX! ap§n-s¸m-§p¶ sFcm-h-X- nsâ aZ-Pew IeÀ¶ KwKm-{]-hm-l- nÂ \n\¡v Ipfn-¡mw. DSp-¡m-\pÅ t{ijvT-amb hkv{Xw Iev]-hr£w Xcpw. iwJ-[zm-\w-sImv at\m-l-chpw amWn-Iy-¡-Ãp-Ifpw cXv\-¡-Ãp-I-fpw ]Xn- -Xp-amb BIm-i-amWv ]qPm-Øm-\w. Aate! Fsâ {]`mhwImepw).71. Im«m-\- qÀ IeÀ¶o-Sn\ Iep-j-Pte

]ez-te-XÀ±-amÀt{Zam«n-t·Â \n¶p-cp-o-Sn\ ITn\ I]mþ

emIpte kv\m\-tIfohm«w X«msXhkv{Xw ac-hp-cn, XpWIq

foKWw hn³]n-im-Nn³þIq«w tXhm-cn-hrµw Zi-cYX\-b³

{]`mhw \s¶m-tcmt¶(Im«m-\- qÀ-þ-Im-«m-\-bsS Nqcv(-ZpÀK-Ôw) Iep-j-P-ewþ Ie-§nb shÅw. ]ez-ew-þ-sN-fn-¡p-fw.

IÀ±-amÀt{Z-þ-sN-fn-sImp \nd-ª. amSv þ I¶v. I]m-ewþ Xe-tbm-Sv. IqfoK-Ww-þ-]n-im-Nn³Iq-«w......... Im«m-\-bpsS ZpÀKÔw IeÀ¶Xpw, sNfn-s]m-§n-b-Xpw, Ip¶nÂ \n¶pw Dcpp hcp¶ Xe-tbm-Sp-IÄ \nd-ª-Xp-amb sNfn-¡p-f- n-emWv Ipfn. ac-hp-cn-bmWv In«p¶ t{ijvT-amb hkv{Xw. Iqfn-I-fmWv XpW.]nim-Nn³Iq-«-amWv tXhm-cn-hr-µw. Zi-c-Y-X-\-bsâ {]`mhw Hmtcm¶pw \¶p-X-s¶.

Xs¶ hnhmlw Ign-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ koXbv¡v sFcm-h-X- nsâ aZ-P-ew-sImv kpK-Ô-]q-cn-X-amb Znhy-Kw-Km-{]-hm-l- nÂ Ipfn-¡mw. cma-t\m-sSm¯p Ign-bp-I-bm-sW¦ntem? Im«m-\-bpsSNqcp-I-eÀ¶Xpw sNfn \nd-ª-Xpw -X-e-tbm-Sp-IÄ Xn§n-¡n-S-¡p-¶-Xp-amb sNfn-¡p-f- n-emWv Ipfn-t¡--Xv. cmhW\psam¯p IgnªmÂ tXhm-c- n\v amWn-Iy-c-Xvt\m-]-e-a-b-amb BImiw e`n-¡pw. Im«nÂ cma-s\m¯p Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ koXbv¡v Iqfn-Isf am{Xsa XpW-bmbn In«p-I-bp-Åq. ]nim-N-hr-µ-§sf thWw Bcm-[n-t¡--Xv. Cu coXn-bnÂ Xt¶mSp tNÀ¶mÂ e`n-¡p¶ al-Xz-s¯-¡p-dn¨v cmh-W³ {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p).72. D×m³ I{amwKn s]m¶n³ Xfn-I-I, fp]-Zwþ

i§-tfm-tcm-¶p-a½mcayw ]m\w-]-tbm-P-{]-XnIr-Xn-h-Zt\

]¯p-ap-¶qdp t`Zws]m·m-S- n\p tate aWn-\n-e-bn-en-cn-þ

¸m-e-h«w ]nSn- m³s]¬am-t\Â¡-®n-am-c--\-h[n kpJ-tamþ

À¯oSp kotX XZm\ow(kpµco! \n\¡v D®m³ kzÀ®- -fn-I-I-fmWv e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. Idn-I-tfm-tcm¶pw BÝ-cy-Icamw-

hn[wat\m-l-c-am-Wv. Xma-cbv¡p Xpey-amb hZ-\-t¯mSp IqSn-b-htf! ]m\o-b-§Ä ]¯p-ap-¶qdp Xc-¯nÂ e`n-¡pw. s]m·m-S- n-\p-taÂ aWn-\n-e-b- -emWv Ccn- v. Be-h-«w ]nSn-¡m³ A\-h[n kpµ-cn-am-cp-v. kotX! At¸mÄ \n\-¡p-m-Ip¶ kpJ-s -¡p-dn v H¶m-tem-Nn v t\m¡v ).73. IjvSw! Im«m-h-W-¡n-¶n-e-bn-e-i-\,-aþ

¸q -tIm-¡m-\n-hsäþ¨p«n-«-Xy- -lrZyw Idn, sNdp-X-I-cþ

¨mdp ]m\o-b-kmcw



\jvSm-i¦w XcqWmw Ipc-en-ep-S-\n-cnþ¸§p-an§pw \cn- oÀ

h«- nÂ ]mªp hobpw Xh kl-N-cþt\mÀ¯oSp kotX hnti-jw.

(Ai-\wþ `£-Ww. tIm¡m³-þ-Im-«p-]q- . (Im«pam-¡m³) \jvSm-i-¦w-þ-B-i-¦-Iq-Sm-sX. Xcq-Wmw-þ-hr-£-§-fp-sS. Ipc-enþ Nph-Sv........ IjvSw! \nsâ `À¯m-hn\v Im«m-h-W-¡nsâ Ce-bn-emWv`£-Ww. ]q¨, Im«p-]q¨ F¶nhsb Nps«Sp¯-XmWv Idn. XI-c- m-dmWv ]m\o-bw. Ccn¸v Bi-¦-Iq-SmsX ac- nsâ Nph-«n-em-Wv. \cn- oÀ h«- nÂ ]d¶v hoipw. kotX, CsXm-s¡-bmWv \nsâ`À¯m-hnsâ hnti-j-§Ä F¶p a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm-epw.

cma-cm-h-W-·mÀ¡p X§-fnÂ £-W-]m-\-i-b-\m-Zn-I-fn-epÅ hyXym-k-am-Wv Cu cp tÇmI-§-fnÂ Nqn¡m-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. kzÀ®- -fn-I-I-fnÂ hnf-¼p¶ hnin-jvS-amb £-W-]-ZmÀ°-§-fmWvcmh-W-\p-Å-sX-¦nÂ Im«m-h-W-¡nsâ Ce-bnÂ ]q¨, Im«p-]q¨ XpS-§n-b-hsb Nps«-Sp¯ Idn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb `£-W-amWv cma-tâ-Xv. ]¯p-ap-¶qdp Xc- n-epÅ ]m\o-b-§-Ä cmh-W-\p- e`n-¡psa-¦nÂXI-c- m-dmWv cmasâ ]m\o-bw. s]m·mS- nse aWn-\n-e-bn-emWv cmh-Wsâ Ccn-s -¦nÂ ac- p-h-«n-emWv cmasâ Ccn- v-. A-\-h[n kpµ-cn-amÀ cmh-Ws\ Be-h-«w-sImv hoip-sa-¦nÂ \cn- o-dm-WvXsâ Nnd-I-Sn-IÄ sImv cmas\ hoip-¶-Xv. C§s\ X§Ä X½n-epÅ hyXymkw lmkym-ß-I-am-bn -cm-h-W³ Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p.74. Zi-c-Y-X-\-b³ \n\-¡p- t]mcm

Zi-ap-J-s\-¶p-e-InÂ {]kn-²\o Rm³Znin Znin hnf-bp¶ IoÀ¯n-XpeywIpN-X-S-an-§-cp-foSp ]pÂIp-hm³ ta(Zi-c-Y-\-\-b³-þ-cm-a³. t]mcm þ aXn-bm-Ip-I-bn-Ã. (tbm-Pn-¡p-I-bn-Ã.) Znin Znin þ Zn¡p-IÄ

tXmdpw. taþ-F-\n-¡v ).KZyw 3

hc-Kp-W-hXn l´ \osb´p I¬sImp t\m¡m- -Xt¿m sXfn-sªm¶p t\mt¡-W-an-t¸mÄ apXÀ¶-s¼m-sS³ Nn¯amw sh¬a-Xn-{Km-h-Xq-sh-®n-emth! XpSp--s¯mcp emh-Wy-am-]m-Z-NqUwXpfp-¼n-¡-fn¡pw {]h-fmw-K-tctJ! \nkÀ¤-{]-km-Zs¯ ap¶n«p cmK-{]-hm-l- nÂ ap§p¶ ZrjvSym-apZm t\m¡p- \o-sb-s¶-bn-t¸mÄ shfp-s¡- n-cn-s¨m¶p anm-bvIn-eptm IpfpÀ¡p-¶n³ am\kwa·-YmÀ¯w. aa kzman\o! kn©-ta-s\-©Iw aÚp-fm-em-]-ap-{Zm-arXw sImstSm! hy{Kn-bm-bvtI-Xta th-sXÃmw Xcmw Rm³\n-\-t¡-S-eÀs -©m-cm-X-¦-hm-\n-§t\ shs -cn-ª- cm l -Nm-tI-Wtam tZhn!sshtZln! tIsf-§s\ Rm³ s]mdp-¸q-kZm Ip-I--§n-cp-¶mÂ; In-bpwsImepw ssIsXmgpw Iä-hmÀIq- epw ]©-an- -{µ-t\m-sSm¯p Xqs\-änbpw apKv²m-apKv²w apJmw-t`m-Phpw, apJ-s¯m-sSm¡pw \dpw-]p-©n-cn-s¡m-©-\vU-hm-bv]p, XpSp-s¯mcp sNt©m-cn-hm-bpw- a-Sp¯pIpam-em-]-Pm-e-§fpw, aRvPp-f-`q-X-cw-K-§-fpw, awK-em-tem-I-]m-X-§fpw, I_q-_nw-_-§fpwssIsXmgpw IWvThpw Ipw`n-Ip- -§-fpw- Ip-¼nSpw sIm¦bpw, \´p-Wn¡pw XpWn¡pw \Sp¡pwhcpw-a-²yhpw h¼-eÀsN©c³ hs¼gpw tXÀ¯Sw ap³]p aqfo-Sp-thm-cÂ¡nSw Xs¶-bpw, sN¼-\-bv¡pw-I-\-t¡-Sp-hmbv¡pw XpSÀt¯mc-WwX-s¶bpw: \ns¶bpw amÂs]-Sp-s¶-s¶-bpw-Nn- -b-¶-

-cmte \dp- mÀNtcm-·mZ thtK\ Rms\-{Xbpw Jn¶-s\-¶-dn-ªnsStSm tIÄ , {`an-¡p-¶-sX- n-\p \o cma-s\-¶p-Ån-se¶pw \n\- o-sSmem: cm£-km-[o-iz-c-t{]-ata \Ã-sX-¶p-ÅnÂ sasÃ-¶p-d- o-sS-gpw, \nÂ¡: \mwt]mI KwKm-X-cwtK Ipfn-¡m-S-\-sÃm-Sp- o-Sp-tX-¡w-K-cmKw Ie-¼-·Ww sImews]¸p-e¼pw Ipdn-s -«Iw \o Xpd-¶o«p tZth-{µ-Z¯w at\m-lmcn NÆm-sX-Sp-s¯m¶p sasÃ apIÀ¶n«p_memÀ¡-k-¦m-i-am-I-ev]-Pm-ew- hn-ti-jm-e-Wn-ªoSp aWvtUmUZo `qj-W-s¸«n s]s«-s¶-Sp- m-ep-sa³t]m-än-t\m-¡o«p aµ-kvanXw sNäp ImWs« temI-{X-b- n-s¶m-cm-[n-tbm-Iy-at{X \n\-¡n-s¶tSmh¶-sX-§dn-ªmepao,-I-jvS-anjvSw \n\-t¡-Xplm! tZho thWp-¶-sX-¶mÂ IgÂ -Ãhw ssIsXmgmwXw]n-cm«o: IpfpÀs¡- n-cn-s¨m¶p t\m¡o-Sp, t]mÀsIm¦ sXm«meptam ImWp-I-Ãm-bvIn-eo-cm-£-k-s¸m³In-Sm-hm-ip-Im-am-án\m shs -cntª acn¡pw ZrVw. t]män sshtZln! tIÄam-c- q-]m-e-ho-c-¶p-Xm-t\-\-S¡pw c£-km-[o-iz-c³ Xm\p-ap-tÅm-cp-t`Zw [cn- o-etbm? ]ns¶bpw tI«p-sIm-m-ep-tam-



tcm-X-cw- hocyanss¡-Ibokq\pXm³ Im«n-e-½m-dp-]p-¡p-S³ ]Ãp-ap- - n-cpw Nhn-«n-s¡m-gn- m³ XpS-§p-¶-t\cw `b-s -«p-XÂImÂ¡Â ]nSn- -s -cn¸pw sImSp- -§-b- q-«-Xpw\o [cn- o-etbm? ]ns¶asäm¶p sNmÃmw hnt\m-Zm- cw: amaIo tkmZco s]mbvs¡m-Sp-¦m-«n-e-½mdp sNÃp¶ t\cw I\n-jvT³X\n-s¡, s¶\n-¡p- tN-«³ \dp- mÀ Nc-{`mń ]qn-§s\ X½n-teäw ]nW-§p¶ t\cw I\n-jvT³XZmsIm-¦-bpÜw apdn- -§p-X³ ]¡-e-½mdp kwKr-ly-ta-ä-S-sa-t -cpta tPyjvT-\mbv sImp-XZzm kpJn-¸n- Xpw \o [cn- o-etbm! t]mcp-an-Xym-ZnÀ½Â {]`m-h-§Ä Rmt\ ]d-ªm-em-XmIm [cn¡mw \n\¡pw£Wm-en-¶p-sa³ Xw]n-cm«n.

(hc-Kp-W-h-Xnþ-t{i-jvT-amb KpW-ap-Å-hÄ. sh¬a-Xn-{Km-hw-þ-N-{µ-Im- -¡-Ãv. (Nn- amw sh¬a-Xn-{Km-h-Xq-sh-®-emth F¶v koXsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿p-¶p. \nem-hnÂ N{µ-Im´w Aen-bp-a-tÃm. AXp-t]mse Xsâ lrZ-bhpw koX-bpsS ap¼nÂ Aen-bp¶p F¶mWv cmh-W³ [z\n- n-¡p-¶-Xv.) {]hm-fmw-K-tc-J-þ-X-fn-cp-t]m-se-bpÅ ico-c-ap-Å-hÄ. \nÊÀ¤-{]-km-Zw-þ-ss\-kÀ¤n-I-amb kt´m-jw. a·-YmÀ°wþ ImaZp:Jt¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. kn©þ \\- m-epw. aRvPp-fm-em-]-ap-{Zm-ar-Xw-þ-a-t\m-l-c-amb kw`m-j-W-amb Aar-Xv. hy{Kn-bm-bvI-þ-Zp:-Jn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-I. GS-eÀsN-©-cm-X-¦-hm³-þ-G-S-eÀsN©-c-s\-s¡mv BX-¦-hm³.(-Im-a-tZ-h-s\-s¡mv Zp:Jn- -h³) In-þ-]m-bÂ. aSp- q-Iw-þ-tX³sNmcn-bp¶. Bem-]-Pm-ew-þ-kw- m-j-Ww. {`qX-cw-Kw-þ-]p-cn-I-s¡m-Sn. Iw_p-_nw-_w-þ-iw-Jv. \´p-Wn,XpSnþ cpw hmZy-hn-ti-j-§Ä. AÂ¡oSw þ \nXw-_w. Nn -b-þ-Nn- n- m-epw. A -cm-tf-þ-C-S-bv¡n-S-bv¡v. \dpw-N-tcm-·m-Z-th-tK-\-þ-Im-a-th-Z-bpsS B[nIyw \nan- w. _memÀ¡-k-¦m-iw-þ-_m-e-kq-cy\pXpeyw. BI-ev]-Pm-ewþ B`-c-W-¡q-«w. amc- q-]m-e-ho-c-\pþIma-tZ-h-\m-Ip¶ cmPm-hn-\v. Xmt\-\-S-¡w-þ-X-\nsb \S-¡p¶ (k-©-cn-¡p-¶) PK-ssP-{X-s]m-¶n³]-Xm-Im-b-am-t\-þ-tem-I-s¯-ap-gp-h³ Pbn¨pIog-S-¡nb ]Xm-I-bm-bn-«p-Å-h-tf. apg-§mÂNn-c-«-þ-ImÂap-«nse Nnc-«. Du\w-þ-Ip-d-hv. (A-]-I-Sw) hnt\m-Zm- -cw-þ-a-sämcp hnt\m-Zw. kwKr-ly-þ-kq-£n- p-sh- n-«v. Ft -cp-ta-þ-ap-gp-h³. ZXzm-þ-sIm-Sp- n-«v. (CuKZy- nsâ Ah-km\ `mK¯v, iqÀ -W-J-bpsS Imcyw ]d-bp-¶n-S¯v lmkyw AÇo-e-X-bn-tebv¡vhgpXn hogp-¶p).75. C°w \nim-N-c-]-tXÀÆ-N-\w-\n-iay

{Ip²m-hn-tZ-l-X-\bm hnZbw _`mtj“\à-©-cm-[n]! êw Inap-hmIv {]]ss©sc¯pw \n\¡nXp-\n-an- -a-\À°-Pmew“.(C°wþ C{]-Im-c-apÅ, \nim-N-c-]tX:þ \nim-N-c-]-Xn-bpsS (cm-£-k-cm-Pm-hn-sâ) hN-\w-þ-hm-

¡v. \ni-ay-þ-tI-«n-«v. hnZ-bw-þ-Z-b-hn-Ãm-sX. _`m-tj-þ-]-d-ªp. hmIv{]-]-ss©-þ-hm-Iv{]-]-©-§-sf-s¡m-v. êw-In-ap-þêw F´m-Wv. A\À°-Pm-ew-þ-B-]- p-I-fpsS Iq«w......C{]-Im-c-apÅ cm£-k-cm-Pm-hnsâ hm¡p-IÄ tI«n«v tIm]n-jvT-bmb hntZl cmP-]p{Xn bmsXmcp Zb-bp-an-ÃmsX C§s\ ]d-ªp. “cm£-k-cm-Pmth! \nsâ hmIv{]-]-©w-sImv F´mWv ew? CXp \nan¯w \n\¡v A\À°-Pmew Dm-hpw).76. HmÀt¡Ww \o \tS Ipe-Xn-e-I-abow

XmSImw ]ns¶bp-smþt¶mÀt¡-q X¯-\qPu ap\n-a-Ja-Y\u

Xw hncm[w I_ÔwB¡w tImepw Jcw, Zqj-W, anX-sam-Spþ

amco-N-sa-¶m-en-Zm\ow\o¡w sNänÃ t\tc Zi-c-Y-kp-X-t\mþ

Smsc-XnÀ¡p-¶-tXmÀ¯mÂ(\tS-þ-B-Zy-am-bn-«v. Ipe-Xn-e-I-a-bo-þ-Ip-e- n\v s]m«m-bn-«p-Å-hÄ. XmS-Imwþ XmS-I-sb. X¯-

\q-Pu-þ-A-h-cpsS ]p{X-·m-sc. ap\n-a-J-a-Y-\u-þ-ap-\n-bpsS bmKw aY\w sNbvX-h-cmb (\-in- n- -b-cm-b). Xwhn-cm[w I_-Ôwþ B hnc-[-s\bpw I_-Ô-s\-bpw. B¡w-tIm-epw-þ-i-à-cm-b. CX-sam-Sp-þ-



ln-X-sam-Sv. \o¡w-sN-än-Ã-þ-amäw H«p-an-Ã.....BZy-ambn \o \nsâ Ipe- n-\p-t]m-«m-bn-cn-¡p¶ XmS-IsbHmÀ¡-Ww. ]n¶oSv ap\n-bpsS bmKw apS-¡nb Ah-fpsS ]p{X-·m-sc-bmWv HmÀt¡--Xv. ]ns¶ Bhncm-[-s\bpw I_-Ô-s\bpw ià-·m-cmb Jc³, Zqj-W³, amco-N³ F¶n-h-scbpw \Ã-h®wHmÀ¡-Ww. Ct¸mÄ bmsXmcp amä-hp-an-Ã. BÀ¡mWv FXnÀ¡m³ Ign-bp-¶-Xv.?

ChnsS ]d-bp¶ FÃm cm£-k-scbpw cma³ h[n- -Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS KXn-Xs¶ cmh-W\pwhcpw F¶v koX kqNn- n-¡p-¶p).77. Ccp]Xp -sN-hn-sImpw aYy-am-\mÀ®-ht¯mþ

Spc-s]m-cp-samcp tLmjw tIÄ¡p-am-dp--i¦wXnd-hnb cLp-\m-Y-Pym-\n-\mZw XZm-\oþadnhp apg-h-\pmw \ÃXpw Xob-XpwtX

(aYym-am-\mÀ®-hwþ aY\w sN¿-s¸« kap-{Zw. Dc-s]m-cpw-þ-bp²w sN¿p-¶. Xnd-hn-b-þ-i-à-am-b. Pym\n-\m-Zw-þ-Rm-Wnsâ i_vZw. \Ã-Xpw-Xo-b-Xpw-þ-\-ÃXpw No¯-bpw..........aZ\w sN¿-s¸« kap-{Z-t¯mSp s]mcp-Xp¶ cmasâ ià-amb RmWnsâ i_vZw Ccp-]Xp sNhnsImpw \o tIÄ¡p-I. At¸mÄ \n\¡p \ÃXpw No¯bpw F´m-sW¶v \Ã Adn-hp-m-Ipw).78. koX -sNm-¶Xp \nim-N-c-\m-Y³

tNXkmkI-e-tamÀ¯-Xn- tIm-]mÂ{]mX-cm-ian-h-fmip \ap-s¡þ¶mZtZ kp\n-inXw Ic-hmfw(tNX-km-þ-a-\-Êp-sIm-v. {]mX-cm-iw-þ-{]- m-X- -£-Ww. BZ-tZ-þ-F-Sp- p. Ic-hm-fw-þ-ssI-hmÄ.

kp\n-Ýn-Xw-þ-aqÀ -tb-dn-b........cm£-km-[n-]Xn, koX sNm¶-Xp-ap-gph³ a\-Ên-temÀ¯n«v AXy[nIwtIm]-t¯msS \mfs¯ {]`m-X- nse `£Ww \ap¡v Ch-fmWv F¶v Xocp-am-\n- n«v aqÀ -tb-dnbssIhmÄ ssIbn-se-Sp- p.79. Npä-gn- oSpw \ncm-tkm-Nn-X-a-g-In-Xp-\nþ

¶pZyaw Rm³ s]mdp-t¸³]pjvS-{]oXym Ipe-kv{Xo-P-\-ap-e-In-en-cpþ

¶oSp-am-dqÀ²-ioÀjwsh«t{X ame-sb-¡m-fbn aa kpJ-anþ

t¶Xp-antÃ hnjmZwZpjvSm-ß³ \o apSn-ªmbv \nb-X, anXn

hhtµ [nbm cma-N{µw(N«-äþ Ipä-a-ä(]qÀ®-am-b) \ncm-tkm-Nn-Xwþ \ncm-k- n-\p-tbm-Pn- -Xv. Ag-InXp þ \Ã-Xm-Wv.

]pjvS-{]o-Xym-þ-hÀ²n- -k-t´m-j-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn. DuÀ²-ioÀjwþ Xe-bp-bÀ¯n- n-Sn- v. aa-þ-F-\n-¡v. apSn-ªm-bv-þ-\-in- p-t]m-Ipw. \nb-Xw-þ-\n-Ý-bw. [nbm-þ-a-\-Êp-sIm-v. hh-tµ-þ-h-µn- p............ Ipä-aä Fsâ- \n-cm-k- n\v CXp XnI¨pw \ÃXpw tbmPn- -Xp-am-Wv. (cmhW³ sImÃm³ thnhmsf-Sp¯Xv). Ipekv{Xo P\-§Ä Cu temI- nÂ Xe-bp-bÀ¯n- n-Sn v Ccn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-thn \nsâDZyaw Rm³ kln-¡pw. \nsâ ame-tb-¡mÄ sh«mWv F\n¡v IqSp-XÂ kpJw Xcp-¶-Xv. F\n¡vH«pw-Xs¶ Zp:Jan-Ã. ZpjvSm-ßmth \o \in-¡p-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. AXv \nÝ-b-am-Wv. C§s\ hnNm-cn-¨p-sImv AhÄ cma-N-{µs\ a\-Êp-sImv hµn- p.

Xs¶ sImÃp-¶-Xn-\p-thn cmh-W³ hmsf-Sp- Xv Xsâ \oc-k- n\v XnI¨pw tbmPn- -XmWvF¶v koX Icp-Xp-¶p. Xsâ ac-W-t¯m-Sp-IqSn Ipe-kv{Xo-bpsS am\w kwc-£n¨p F¶v AhÀ¡v A`n-am-\n-¡mw. cmh-Wsâ ame-tb-¡mÄ AhÄ¡v kt´mjw sImSp-¡p-¶Xv sh«m-Wv. cmh-Wsâ CwKn-X-¯n\p hg§n Pohn-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ A`n-Imayw ac-W-am-Wv F¶v koX Icp-Xp-¶p).80. Dc-s]-cp-In\ ]wàn-{Koh hmÀ¯m-hn-tijw

Icp-W-X-c-sam-tct¶ Ip-sIm-m-±-imbmwac-a-cn-InÂ adªpw \n¶ aWvtUm-Zcn kmhncshmSp ]nSn-s]-«m-fp-ZyXw N{µ-lmkw.



(Dc-s]-cp-In-\þ IoÀ¯n-tI-«. ]wàn-{Ko-h-hmÀ¯m-hn-ti-jw-þ-cm-h-Wsâ hmÀ¯m-hn-ti-j-§Ä.Icp-W-X-cw-þZp:Jt¯m-sS. Zim-bmw-þ-A-h-k-c- nÂ. km aWvtUm-Z-cnþ B aWvtUm-Z-cn. DZy-Xw-þ-D-bÀ¯nb N{µ-lm-kw-þ-N-{µ-lmkw F¶p t]cpÅ {]kn-²-amb hmÄ. ]nSn-s]-«mÄþ ]nSn-s -Sp- p.,......BAh-k-c- nÂ IoÀ¯n-tI« cmh-Wsâ hmÀ¯m-hn-ti-j-§Ä Hmtcm¶pw Zp:Jt¯msS ac- n\p ad-ªp\n¶p tI« B aWvtUm-Zcn thK- nÂ B DbÀ¯nb N{µ-lmkw ]nSn-s -Sp- p).81. Ft¶! s]m®m! ]ncm´m s]mWp-s]msW

shdptX No\n-t]m-te-X-Sn- nþ¡\y-Im-cXv\w sImXn- n-«p-S-\p-bnÀ Ifbpw

amdp-X-t¶-Xp-\n-ªmbvF¶-§m- m-jy-ta-t·-en-cp-]Xp Ihn-f¯pw

Ipa-¨m-h-sX-Ãmþat¶cw sImp-t]m-bmÄ aWn-b-d-bnÂ shfn-þ

¨¯p \n¶m-Ip-emwKo(s]mWp-s]m-sW-þ-i-àn-bn-Ãm-sX(-amw-k-f-am-bn). No\n-þ-DÄ¡«n Ipd-ªXpw D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-

hp-amb Hcp acw. B`m-jy-þ-]-d-ªn-«v. Ipa- v-þ-A-Sn¨v............ “No\n-t]mse shdpsX s]mWp-s]msWXSn¨ s]m®m! ]ncm´m! Cu I\y-m-c-Xv\s¯ sImXn¨v Poh³ If-bp-¶-Xn-\p-X-s¶-bmtWm \o Xp\n-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.” F¶p ]d-ªn«v Ccp-]-Xp-I-hn-f¯pw Bhp-¶-Xp-t]mse ASn- n«v shfn- ¯p \n¶vAWn-b-d-bn-te¡v Zp:JnX-bmb aWvtUm-Zcn cmh-Ws\ sImp-t]m-bn).ss\j[w N¼p (a-[y-Ime N¼p)

\f-N-cnXw hnj-bam¡n Fgp-Xnb ss\j[w N¼p ag-aw-K-e¯p \mcm-b-W³ \¼q-Xn-cn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.-Xr-iqÀ PnÃ-bnse ag-aw-K-e- n-Ãs¯ i¦-c³ \¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS ]p{X--\mWv At±-lw. ag-aw-Kew`mWhpw Ct±-l- n-tâ-Xm-sW¶p Icp-Xp-¶p.-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ ImWp¶ he-bm-[o-izcn kvac-W- nÂ\n¶pw Duc-I- -½-bmWv Ihn-bpsS D]m-ky-tZ-h-X-sb¶p a\-Ên-em-¡mw. sImÃ-hÀjw F«mw \qäm-mWv (16 þmw iX-Iw) Imew.

alm- m-cXw h\-]ÀÆ- nÂ Ah-X-cn- n¨ \f-I-Y-bmWv `mjm-ss\-j[w N¼p-hnsâ apJym-h-ew-_w.-{]-kvXpX IrXn ]qÀÆ- mKw D¯-c- mKw F¶n-§s\ cmbn Xncn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.159 ]Zy-§fpw3 KZy-§fpw 3 ZWvU-I-§fpw ]qÀÆ- m-K¯p ImWp-¶p.-Z-a-b- o-kz-bw-hcw hsc-bpÅ IY-bmWvhÀWyw.134 ]Zy-§fpw 10 KZy-§fpw Hcp ZWvU-Ihpw AS§p-¶-XmWv D¯-c- m-Kw.-\m-bn-Im-\m-b-I-·m-cpsS thÀ]mSpw ]p\-k-am-KahpamWv D¯-c- m-Ks¯ {]Xn-]m-Zyw.hni-Z-]-T\w:ss\j[w N¼p (a-[y-Ime N¼p)þ ]qÀÆ- mKw BZy 10 tÇmIw

BZys¯ cv tÇmIw awK-fm-N-c-W-am-Wv.-aq¶mw tÇmIw apXÂ IY XpS-§p-¶p.\nj-[-cm-Pm-hmb \f\v hnZÀ`-cm-P-]p-{Xn-bmb Za-b´nsb hnhmlw Ign¨v hkn-¡p-t¼m-gp-m-Ip¶ B\µwhnZym-km-c-ky-cm-in-bmb kJmhn-s\ I-t¸mÄ k`-bnÂ IY ]d-bm-s\- nb BÄ¡v DmbnF¶p-]-dªmWv IY XpS-§p-¶Xv.tÇmIw 1CjvS-tZ-h-Xm-h-µ-\-t¯msS Imhyw Bcw- n-¡p-¶p.Bibw:A¼-s¯m-¶-£-c-am-Ip¶ ico-c-h-Ãn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hfpw thZ-amIp¶ hr£- nsâ sIm¼s¯]q¡-fnse tX³ Ipg-¼m-bn-«p-Å-hfpw Ima-tZ-hsâ Al-¦m-cs¯ AS-¡nb inhsâ ku`m-Ky-km-c-am-bn-«p-Å-hfpw hniz-\m-Ybpw Duc-I- -½-bp-amb AÃtbm tZho \nsâ ]mZ-§sf Rm³ \a-kvI-cn-¡p-¶p.tÇmIw 2Bibw:]mÂ¡-S-ensâ \Sp-hnÂ N{µ-t\-t¸mse shfp¯ A\- -i-co-c- nÂ InS-¡p-¶-h\pw Imbm-¼p-hnsâ tim`-tbmSp aÕ-cn-¡p¶ Im´n-{]-hm-l-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw {]Xn-Zn\w \ndªp Xpfp-¼p¶Ir]m-Xn-tc-I- mÂ BÀ{Z-amb ISm-£-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-amb alm-hnjvWp tNÀ¶n-cn-¡p¶ e£vao-



tZ-hn-bpsS IpfnÀap-e-Isf \o `Pn- m-epw.tÇmIw 3Bibw:hnZym-k-Xck-Xbv¡v Ccn- nS-ambn¯oÀ¶ AÃtbm kplrt¯ ,a-\-Ên-\n-W-§n-b-hfpw kpµ-cn-bp-amb Za-b- nsb ]mWn-{K-lWw sNbvXn«v AXy-[nIw kt´m,-t¯msS hkn-¡p-t¼mÄ \f-\p-mb B\µw t]mse ]pXn-sbmcp B\-µm-ar-X-{]-hmlw A§sb k`-bnÂ I-t¸mÄ Fsâ a\-Ênepw Dm-bn.tÇmIw 4e£vao-tZ-hn-bpsS IS-¡¬ap-\-I-fm-Ip¶ Icn-¦q-h-f- q-¡-fpsS at\m-l-c-amb ame-bmÂ tim`n-¡p¶ico-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw kpµ-cn-am-cpsS a\-Êns\ Zp:Jn¸n-¡p\ tXP-tÊm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw hÀ²n¨phcp¶ KpW-§-fmÂ al- z-amÀ¶-h\pw qan-tZhn Igp- n-e-Wn-bp¶ cXv\-am-bn-«pf-f-h\pw \nj-[m-[n-]\pw alm-ßmhpw \f \ma-[m-cn-bp-amb Hcp cmPmhv ]p-m-bn-cp-¶-t{X.tÇmIw 5Bibw:Zp:JnXcpw B{in-X-cp-amb P\-§-fpsS AòjvS-§Ä km[n- p-sIm-Sp¯pw Al-¦m-cn-I-fmbi{Xp- -S-·msc bp²- nÂ \in- n¨pw ]Xn-¶mep temIhpw IoÀ¯n-sImp shfp- n¨pw {]W-bn-\n-bmb `qansb Hä-¡p-S-¡o-gn-em-¡nbpw _pZv[n-am-\mb Cu cmPmhv (\-f³) \nXyhpw kwc-£n- p.tÇmIw 6Bibw:C{]-Imcw \f-a-lm-cm-Pmhv ZnIvN-{I-hm-f- nÂ IoÀ¯n-{]- m-h-t¯msS kz´w cmP-[m-\n-bnÂhkn-¡p¶ Ime v, AXy-[nIw ]pWy-im-enbpw I¿q-¡p-sImv `qa-WvU-es¯ Pbn- -h\pw _p²n-am\pw òa³ F¶ t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-amb Hcp cmPmhv at\m-l-c-amb hoZÀ -cm-Py v tim`n- p.tÇmIw 7Bibw:D{K-tX-P-ÊpÅ òa-a-lm-cm-Pmhv B{in-X-·m-cpsS B{K-ls¯ Znh-kw-tXmdpw \nd-th-änbpwhoc-·m-cmb i{Xp-¡sf kz´w Bbp-[-§Ä¡v Cc-bm-¡nbpw IoÀ¯n-bm-Ip¶ e£vao-tZ-hnsbBtÇjn¨pw A\p-cm-K-h-Xnbpw DZm-c-bp-amb `mcy-tbmSp tNÀ¶pw IpWvUn\w F¶ \K-c- nÂkpJn¨p hmWp.tÇmIw 8Bibw:k]vX kap-{Z- mÂ Npä-s¸« `qansb apgp-h³ kwc-£n-¡p-¶-h\pw N{I-hÀ¯n-Xz-am-Ip¶sFiz-cys¯ \nc- cw \nd- p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶-h\pw cmP-t{i-jvS-\p-amb òa-a-lm-cm-Pmhv A\-]-Xy-XmZp:Jw aqew hnj-an- p.-cm-Pm-hn\p a¡-fn-ÃmsX t]mbXv BÝ-cy-P-\-Ihpw A\p-I-¼mÀ{Z-hp-am-sW¶vhyà-am-¡p-¶p.tÇmIw 9Bibw:A\- cw k´m-\-an-Ãm- -h\pw ]p{X-\p-m-I-W-sa¶v B{K-ln- -h-\p-amb oa-cm-Pmhv Za-\-a-lÀjnsb ]qPn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn.-a-lÀjn-bpsS henb Imcp-Wy- mÂ temI-kp-µ-cn-amÀ¡v Ae-¦m-c-am-bn- oÀ¶ Za-bń F¶ ]p{Xnbpw Za³,Zm- ³, Za\³ F¶o ]p{X-·m-cpw òa\v Dm-bn.tÇmIw 10Bibw:AIm-c-W-ambn s]m«n- p-d-s -Sp¶ sNdp-]p-©n-cn-bpsS am[p-cyw-sImv at\m-l-c-§-fmb k´m-\-lvM-epsS apJ-§sf F¶pw In«v, C{µ-Xp-ey\pw ]m]-c-ln-X-\p-amb òacm-Pmhv lÀjw F¶pt]cp-ÅXpw adp-I-c-bn-Ãm- -Xp-amb kap-{Z- nÂ apgpIn Znh-k-§Ä B\-µ-I-c-ambn Ign- p-Iq-«n.

Nt{µm-Õhw

F.-Un.1500 \Sp¯v Fgp-X-s¸« at\m-l-c-amb aWn-{]-hm-f-Im-hy-amWv Nt{µm-Õ-hw. \¼q-XncnP·n-am-cpsS t`mK-em-e-k-Xbpw A\n-b-{ń-X-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-bp-amWv Cu IrXn-bnÂ \ng-en-¡p-¶-Xv.CXnsâ IÀ¯mhv AXn-k-c-k-\mb Hcp \¼q-Xncn Bbn-cn-¡m-sa-¶mWv A`yq-lw.-N-t{µm-Õ-h- nseirwKm-c-{]-Xn-]m-Z\w AXn-cp-I-S¶p t]mbn-«p-s-¶-XnÂ XÀ¡-an-Ã.-bq\mw hntem-N-\-]pSw h]pjmaZn- m-tam-Zn- ¸n-¡m³ Ign-hp-sÅmcp aIÄ ]nd-¶mÂ hmÕym-b\w apgp-h³ \nXyhpw Ah-sf-s¡mvBSn- p-sIm-Åm-sa¶v `tàm- w-k-bmb amXmhp t\cp-¶Xpw aäp-amWv Imhy- nsâ XpS-¡- n-epÅXv. A§s\ P\n-¡p¶ aI-fmWv Nt{µm-Õ-h-\m-bn-I-bmb taZn-\o-sh-®n-em-hv.hfsc DZm-c-io-e-



bmbn B kpµcn hfÀ¶p. buh-t\m-Z-b-am-b-tXmsS Iman-I-fmb cmPm-¡-·mcpw {_mÒ-Wcpw aäpwAh-fpsS ho«nÂ ]mSp-In-S-¡m³ XpS-§n. B thiym-cXv\w BIpw-t]mse FÃm-h-tcbpw {]oWn- n-¨p.

Nnän-e- -Ån-bn-epÅ Cu tZh-Zmkn Nt{µm-Õhw BtLm-jn-¡p-¶-XmWv Imhy- nse apJy-{]-Xn-]m-Zyw.-I-WvT³ tImX-sb¶ cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶p AXnsâ apJy c£m-[n-Im-cn. {]kn-²-th-iy-I-sfÃmw alm-I-hn-Isf Npäpw-\nÀ¯n Ah-sc-s¡mp Pb-hn-cpXp hnfn- n¨pw sImv hne-s¸« ImgvN-h-kvXp-¡-fp-ambn Nt{µm-Õ-h- nÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡m³ F¯n-t¨À¶p.

P·n-Xz- nsâ B[n-]Xyw aqew tIc-f-k-aqlw km·mÀ¤n-I-ambn At§-bäw A[- -Xn- n-cp¶ Hcp Ime-L-«s¯ {]Xn- -en- n-¡p¶ IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. ]p\w,-i-¦-c³, cmL-h³ XpS-§nb ]WvUn-X-I-hn-Ifpw aäpw thiym-Kr-l-§-fnÂ¯s¶ Ign- p-Iq-«n-bn-cp-¶p.13 mw iXIw apXÂ thiym-{]m-]vXnsb tam£-tl-Xp-I-am-bn-t¸mepw KWn-¡m³ XpS-§n.hni-Z-]-T\w:Nt{µm-Õhw 5þmw `mKw BZy 15 tÇmIw1 AYh-e-a-Y-\m-im-am-dn-em-½m-dp-sa-sÃþ

¶cp-W-In-c-W-sa¶pw Ip¦pawsIm-W-nªmÄXcp-Wn-a-Wn,- X-Zm\nw ]qÀ®Nt{µm-Õ-hmÀ°-þs´fnshmSp apf-bn«q taZ-\o-N-{µn-Imbm:

BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb Hcp KÔÀÆ³ `qan-bnÂ \S-¡p¶ Nt{µm-Õ-hm-tLmjw In«v aS-§n-sb¯n Xsâ {]nb-X-asb hÀWn- p-tIÄ¸n-¡p¶ a«n-emWv Imhy- nsâ cN-\. AXp-sIm-mWvXcp-Wo-aWn F¶v kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

]qÀÆ-Zn¡v amdn-emsI kqcy-In-c-W-§-fm-Ip¶ Ip¦paw hmcn- q-in-b -t\-c¯v taZn-\o-N-{µn-I-bpsS Nt{µm-Õ-hm-tLm-j- n\v apf-bn-SÂ F¶ NS-t§msS XpS¡w Ipdn- p. kqcy-In-c-W-§sfknµq-c-ambn cq]Ww sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶p. DZ-b-kq-cysâ {]Imiw Ing-¡p-Zn-¡nÂ hym]n- n-cn-¡p-\-¶-Xns\ ]qÀÆ-Zn-¡m-Ip¶ kpµcn amdn-S- nÂ Ip¦p-a-te]w AWn-ª-Xmbn DÂt{]-£n- n-cn-¡p-¶p.taZ-\o-N-{µn-Imbm: F¶n-§s\ kwkvIr-X-i-_vZ-§Ä hn`-ày- -§-fm-bn- s¶ {]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.2 Znin-Znin ]\-t]mse _me-\o-e-¡-cn-¼n³

sImSn-Xv[-SnXn \nhÀ¶q hmZy-tLm-j-¦-eÀ¶qsXfn-hn-s\mSp hnf-§o-Sp¶ shÅn-s¡m-Sn-¡qþ-dIfac-h-[q-\m-s½-bvX-tem-Sn- p-S§o

]\-t]mse hfÀ¶ \oe-¡-cn-¼p-IÄ sImSn-¡p-d-IÄ hnSÀ¯n-s¡mp Zn¡pIfn-se§pwhnSÀ¶p \n¶p.-hm-Zy-tLm-j-§Ä F§pw tIÄ¡m-bn. Xnf-¡-apÅ shfp¯ sImSn¡qd-IÄ Aw_-c-hm-kn-I-fmb tZh-kv{Xo-I-fpsS DSÂ Xgp-Ip-amdv DbÀ¶p ]d-¶p.3 Ah-c-h-c-\p-th-e-s©¶p Nt{µm-Õ-h-ss¡þ

\ne-I-fn-en-f-sImp Ip-sImÄhm-\-tijwapgp-a-Xn-ap-Jn, a½m! taZn-\o-sh-®n-emhpw]I-en-chp sImSp- mÄ thp-aÀ°w P\m\mw

Nt{µm-Õ-h- n-\p-thn ]pXp-Xmbn \nÀan¨ ssI\n-e-I-fnÂ Ccp-h-ihpw Xn§n-\ndªp k©-cn¨ ImgvN-¡mÀ DÕhw ImWm-\mbn Ccp¶p hn{i-an- p. taZn-\o-sh-®n-em-h-Is« P\-§Ä¡p thp¶AÀ°-§-sfÃmw \nÀtÃm-]-ambn cm]-IÂ sImSp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.4 kc-kn-P-apJn! Npäpw Ipän \m«n- p-S§o

sNdp-]nc ]Wn-sNbv hm³ Zqc-tXm- ym-K-am\mwhn_p-[-]pc ]pc-{Ôo- q-j-Wm- m-]n-iw-KoþIrX-a- -h-Z-tijw hmbp-amÀ¤w XZm\ow

AÃtbm kpµ-co, Zqsc-\n¶v F¯n-b-hÀ¡v sNdnb hoSp-IÄ ]Wn-bp-¶-Xn-\p-thn Imep-IÄ \m«n- p-S§n.A-t¸m-tg¡v BIm-i-ho-Yn-ap-gp-h³ kzÀ¤-temI-kp-µ-cn-am-cpsS B`-c-W-§-fpsStim`-sImv kphÀW-hÀWw hym]n- p.5 XZ\p sImSn-h-ew-seh¨oSphm\q-V-cmKw

aSp-sam-gn-I-f-ImWvtU sN¶p Xq\ocpamSn



bph-P-\-ap-Xp-sI¶pw s]m·-Wn- -p-ta-dnþs¯fn-hn-s\mSp XZm\ow h¶p-tahn- p-S§n sImSnsb hew-h-bv¡pI F¶Xv Nt{µm-Õ-h- -S-§p-I-fnÂ H¶m-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡Ww.AXn-

\mbn {]tXyIw Xq\o-cm«p Ignªv kpµ-cn-amÀ bph-P-\-§-fpsS apXp-Im-Ip¶ ]Ã-¡n-tedn hs¶-¯n- p-S-§n.6 PKXn ]pS-]p-g§o X{X hmZn-{X-tLmjw

shSn- ]p-\-cnSnt]mse hmbp-amÀt¤ apg§oZnin-Znin s]mSn-s]m§o `m\p-_nw_w ab§ohSn-hn-s\mSp Ipep§o temI-an-µq-Õ-hmZu

hmZn-{X-tLmjw þ hmZy-tLmjw7 kI-e-k-cn-Z-[oti N{µ_nw_-§Ä t]mte

cPkn hZ-\-amem _men-Im\mw hnf§oXcp-WÀ ]e-cp-sam-¶m-bva-µ-an-µq-Õ-h-¦þg-sImSp s]cp-amdo tIfn-Iu-Xq-l-te\

kI-e-k-cn-Z-[oti þ kakvX kap-{Z-§-fn-epw, hZ-\-amem þ apJ-\nc8 s]mSn-]-S-e-a-S-§p-t¶-c-am-im-I-Zw_w

IpS-X-g-a-b-sat¶ tXm¶p-am-Im-i- mPmwDe-I-Jn-e-sam-tcmtcm kuc- m-km-c-]qÀ®w£W-a-P\n ]cm-\-µmw-_p-\m-Ym-b-am\w

BIm-i- mPmw þ BIm-i- nÂ ØnXn sN¿p-¶-hÀ¡v, kuc- m-km-c-]qÀ®w þ kuc-`y-a-g-\n-d-ª-Xv, ]cm-\-µmw-_p-\m-Ym-b-am\w þ B\-µ-km-Kcw t]mep-Å-Xv, AP-\nþ `hn¨p (s]mSnAS-§n-bmÂ IpSbpw Xgbpw \nd-ª-Xmbn am{Xw DÅ-Xmbn tXm¶pw)9 CS-bn-en-S-bnÂ shÅn-¡m-lfw sIm¼p-NnÓw

XpSn ]S-l-an-Sbv¡m a±fw _²-XmfwhncpXp IpgÂ hntijw hmZ-Im\mw {]tbmKw]e-h-bp-apfhmbo l´ Nt{µm-Õ-hmZu

XpSn þ]S-lw- þ CSbv¡m þa±fw þ hncpXv þIpgÂ=Hmtcm hmZy-hn-ti-j-§Ä10 ]pcn-Ip-g-en-en-d-§n- -§-fnÂ Xn§n-hn§pw

IpfpÀap-e-bnÂ hncp-¶p-t-W-im-t_-£-Wm\mwZnin-Znin s]cp-amdo taZn-\o-sh-®n-em-hn³þapJ-]-cn-a-f-hmlo k´Xw KÔ-hml:

GW-im-t_-£-Wm\mw þ Cf-am³ I®n-am-cp-sS, apJ-]-cn-a-f-hmlo þ apJ-ku-c- ys¯ hln-¡p¶, KÔ-hml: þ hmbp11 Znh-k-hn-[n-I-sf-Ãm-amip IrXzm \nc-kvXmþ

ab-a-cp-h-b-cn-tµm-cp-Õ-hm-tbmÂ kpIn\y:]p\-c]n Xd-tb-dn-t¸m-¶p-h-¶w-K- wKymPb-hn-cpXp hnfn- n- -\zn-Xm-\-ev¡-hoss{µ:

\nc-kvXmab-w þ Zp:Jan-Ãm-sX, Acp-h-bÀ þ kpµ-cn-amÀ, DÂkp-In\y þ Nt{µm-Õ-h-¯n-\mbn DÕm-l-ap-Å-hÀ, A\znXm þ IqSn-b-hÀ12 Aar-X-I-c-k-]-cymcw`tIm-em-l-e-¦þ

Jn-e-a-k-l-amt\m `m\p-ameo XZm\owAcp-W-cp-Nn-c-i¦w t]mbva-dªq:-þ ]c{ioa\kn _X s]mcp-¶m-am-\n-\m-½o-\-t\{X

Aar-X-I-c-k-]-cymcw`tIm-em-l-ew þN-{µ-]q-Pm-cw- - n-epÅ tImem-l-ew, m\p-ameo þ kqcy³,Acp-W-cpNn þ Nph- p-Im- n-bp-Å-h-\m-bn«v , ]c{io þ A\y-cpsS sFiz-cyw, s]mcp-¶m þ CW-§p-I-bn-Ã.

13 KX-h-Xn-Zn-\-\mtY X\zn! iymX-{I-X-hymþ



µnin lna-I-c-_nw_w Iw_p-Kucw hnf§o\nP-X-\-b-k-]cymw IuXpIw ]qp t\m¡pwIe-i-P-e-[n-Im- m-{io-ap-Jmw-t`m-PcaywZn-\-\mtY KX-h-Xn- þ kqcym-kvX-a-b- nÂ, iymX-{I-X-hymw Znin þ Ing-t¡-Zn-¡nÂ, Iw_p-

Kucw þ iwJw t]mse shfp- -Xm-bn«v, \nP-X-\-b-......t`m-Pcayw þ Xsâ ]p{Xsâ (N-{µsâ )]q-PsbIuXp-I-t¯msS t\m¡p¶ ]mem-gn-bpsS Im -bpsS {ioa- mb apJ-I-aew t]mse cay-am-bn«v (e-£vao-ap-J-Xpeyw cay-am-bn-«v)14 iin-a-Wn-a-b-_nwt_ l´ ss]t -\p-am-Snþ

¸cn-Nn-s\m-S- n-tj-I-s©bvXp \olm-c-tXmssbxIpc-h-I-a-eÀ NmÀ¯n- -©-Xm-c-s -cp-¼mþbk-a-Xn\p \nthZyw Iev]nXw Iw_p-IWvTymiin-a-Wn-a-b-_nwt_ þ N{µ-Im- -¡Ãp sImpÅ _nw_- nÂ, \olm-c-tXmssbx þ

]\n-\o-cp-sIm-v, Ipc-h-I-a-eÀ þ aµm-c-]p-jv]w, Iw_p-IWvTymþkp-µ-cn-bmÂ,Iev]nXw þ-\n-th-Zn-¡-s -«-Xm-bn.15 a[p-c-I-hn-I-sf-Ãm-s©¶p ]qPm-h-kmt\

aW-an-f-In\`mkm-]-Zy-_-ssÔ-c-t\ssIxAar-X-In-c-W-a-kvXu-jpÀ½-t\m-lm-cn-Ko-Xþ²z\n- n-c]n XZm\ow sshWnIm thWp-hm-Wn.

....AkvXujp þ kvXpXn¨p.B«-¡-Ym-km-lnXyw

ae-bm-f- nse {]ap-J-amb kmln-Xy-im-J-I-fn-sem-¶mWv B«-¡-Y. Hc-\ym-Zr-i-hy-àn-Xz-apvB«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- n-\v. cq]- nepw `mh- nepw AXv temI- nse Hcp kmln-Xy-im-J-tbmSpwIS-s -«p-\n-ev¡p-¶n-Ã. IY-Ifn F¶ Zriy-I-e-bv¡p-thnbmWv B«-¡-Y-IÄ Dm-bn-«p-Å-sX-¶-Xn-\mÂ B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy-s¯- -än-bpÅ hnNn- \w IY-I-fn-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-§-fp-am-bn - _Ô-s -«p-\n-ev¡p-¶p. \mSy \rXy KoX- hm-Zym-Zn-I-fpsS tNÀ -bmÂ Ahm-Ny-amb A\p- qXn Bkzm-Z-IÀ¡v {]Zm\w sN¿p¶ A`n-\-b-I-e-bmWv IY-I-fn. IY-Ifn F¶ Iem-cq-]- nsâ DZv`-h-s¯- än]e IY-Ifpw \ne-hn-ep-v. F¶mÂ Ch-sbÃmw ]qÀW-ambn hnizm-k- n-se-Sp-¡p-hm³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. tIc-f- nÂ \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp¶ ]e {]mNo-\-I-em-cq-]-§fpw IY-I-fn-bpsS DXv]- n¡v amÀ¤-ZÀi\w \ÂIp-hm³ ]cym-]vX-am-b-h-bm-bn-cp-¶p. IrjvW-\m-«w, IqSn-bm-«w, NmIymÀIq- v, AjvS-]-

Zn-bm«w apX-em-b -I-e-IÄ¡v ]pdsa Xnd-bm«w, ]S-b-Wn, IWn-Xp-ÅÂ, Xobm«v apX-emb \mS³ Ie-Ifpw IY-I-fn-bpsS Ah-Xm-c- n\v Imc-W-am-bn- oÀ¶n-«p-v. IY-Ifn F¶ Iem-cq-]hpw B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xyhpw hf-sc-b-[nIw ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am-bn-«p-v. hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W- nÂ ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-chpw hn¹-h-I-c-hp-amb amä-§Ä h¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. hyXy-kvX-km-aq-lnI kµÀ`-§-fpsS k½À±-¯mÂ IYm-I-Y-\hpw hf-sc-tbsd amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. IY-Ifn F¶ Iem-cq]w AXnsâ khn-ti-j-amb {]Xy-b-imkv{X/kuµ-cy-im-kv{X ]cn-k-c- n-\p-ÅnÂ \n¶p-sIm-mWv Cu amä-§Ä {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-¡n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.IY-Ifn

IY-Ifn Hcp Zriy-I-e-bm-Wv. \r¯w, \rXyw, \mSyw F¶nh CXn-e-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Xmf-e-bm-{in-X-amWv \r¯w. ]ZmÀYm- n-\-b-amWv \rXyw. hmIymÀYm- n-\-b-amWv \mSyw. ckw IY-I-fn-bnÂ{][m-\-am-Wv. ck-§sf Ah-ew-_n-- pÅ A`n-\-b-{]-I-S-\hpw ]Ým- -e- nÂ `mK-h-X-cpsS Km\m-em-]-\hpw IY-I-fn-bnÂ AXy- m-t]-£n-X-am-I-bmÂ \mSymwiw CXnÂ thp-thm-f-a-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ \mSyw, \r¯w, \rXyw F¶o {Xnhn-[-Zr-iy-{]-Øm-\-§Ä kt½-fn- n-«pÅHcp k¼qÀ® Zriy-I-em-hn-ti-j-ambn "IY-Ifn'sb hnti-jn- n- p-h-cp-¶p.IY-Ifn þ DZv`hw



IrjvW-\m«w þ cma--\m«w þ IY-I-fn. Cu {Ia-amWv IY-I-fn-bpsS DZv -h-hp-ambn _-Ô-s¸«v ]d-ªp-h-cp-¶-Xv. IY-I-fn-bpsS ]qÀÆ-cq-]-§-fmbn IrjvW-\m-«hpw cma-\m-«hpw IW-¡m-¡-s -Sp-¶p.Bcym-[n-\n-th-i- n\p tijw Iq¯pw IqSn-bm-«hpw tIc-f-I-em-th-Zn-bnÂ {]Xy-£-s¸«p XpS-§n.]pcmW IY-IÄ am{Xw CXn-hr- -ambn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶ {]tXy-IX Iq¯n\pw IqSn-bm-«- n-\p-ap-v. IY-I-fnbpw Cu amÀK-amWv kao-]-Im-ew-hsc ]n´p-SÀ¶n-cp-¶-Xv. AXp-sIm-m-hWw A`n-\bw , ap{Z, thjw, \r¯w F¶n-h-sImv ]cn-jvI-cn¨ IqSn-bm-«-sa¶v Nne-sc-¦nepw IY-I-fnsbhnti-jn- n-¡p-¶-Xv.

Iq¯ns\ P\-Io-b-am-¡p-I-sb¶ Dt±-iy-t¯msS NmIym-·mÀ Pb-tZ-h-cpsS KoX-tKm-hnµwkzoI-cn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. GXm\pw iXm-_vZ-§Ä Ign-ªn-«m-sW-¦nepw (1653) KoXtKm-hn-µ- nsâHcp hnI-kn-X-cq]w F¶p ]d-bm-hp¶ "IrjvW-KoX' F¶ {KÙw tImgn-t¡mSv am\-th-Z³ X¼p-cm³ cNn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. CXnsâ cwKm-h-X-cWw IrjvW-\m«w F¶-dn-b-s -«p. IrjvW-\m-«hpw IY-I-fnbpw X½nÂ kmln-Xy-cq-]- nepw A`n-\-b- nepw hfsc kmZr-iy-ap-v.

IrjvW-\m-«- nsâ BhnÀ`m-h-t¯mSv Gähpw ASp- p-Xs¶ a²y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnÂ DZ-bw-sNbvX \mSy-{]-Øm-\-amWv tIc-fo-b-cpsS Iem-hn-j-b-I-amb {]mK-Ûy- nsâ kp{]-i-kvX-amb Nph-Smbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s -tS--Xv. cma-mb-Ws¯ F«mbn hn`-Pn¨v IY-IÄ \nÀ½n¨v sIm«m-c-¡-c- -¼p-cm³ cwK-{]-tbmKw \nÀÆ-ln¨ cmam-\m-«-amWv Cu {]Øm-\w. Cu cma-\m-«- n\v Imtem-Nn-X-ambn]cn-jvIm-c-§Ä h¶ptNÀ¶-t¸mÄ AXv "IY-Ifn' F¶ Iem-cq-]-ambn ]cn-W-an- p.B«-¡-Ym-km-lnXyw

IY-Ifn F¶ A`n-\-b-I-e-bv¡p-thn Dm-b-XmWv ae-bm-f- m-j-bpsS kzmb- -km-ln-Xy-im-J-I-fnÂ {]ap-J-amb B«-¡-Ym-{]-Øm-\w. irwKmc hoc Icp-Wm-Zn-I-fmb ck-§sf cwK¯v Ah-X-cn- n¨v ^en- n-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb tÇmI-§fpw ]Z-§-fp-amWv B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xyw. cma-\m-«-amWv H¶m-a-Xm-bp-mb B«-¡-Y-sb-¶Xv an¡-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-v. sIm«m-c-¡-c- -¼p-cms\BZys¯ B«-¡-Ym-Im-c-\mbpw IW-¡m-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ Un. ]Zva-\m- -\p-®n-sb-t¸m-epÅ Nne-sc-¦nepw B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- nsâ ]nXr-Øm\w \ÂIp-¶Xv tIm«-b- p- X-¼p-cm-\m-Wv. cma-\m«wIY-IÄ¡v tIm«bw IY-I-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s -Sp- p-t¼mÄ kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn \yq\-X-IÄ ImWp-¶p-sh-¶-XmWv Cu A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k- n\v \nZm-\w. kmln-Xy-aqeyw Ipd-hm-sW-¦nepw Ime- -g-¡hpw IJ-I-fn-bpsS DZv`-h-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« sFXn-lyhpw ]cn-K-Wn¨v B«-¡-Y-bpsS BZy-am-Xr-I-bmbn cma-\m«w IY-I-sfbpw D]-Úm-Xm-hmbn sIm«m-c-¡-c- -¼p-cm-s\bpw Icp-Xp-I-bmhpw bpàw.

cmam-b-Ws¯ ap³\nÀ¯n ]p{X-Im-ta-jvSn, koXmkzbw-h-cw, hnÑn-¶m- n-tj-Iw, Jc-h-[w,_men-h-[w, tXmc-W-bp-²w, tkXp-_-Ô-\w, bp²w F¶n-§s\ F«p-I-Y-I-fmWv sIm«m-c-¡-c- -¼p-cm³ \nÀ½n- -Xv. X¼p-cmsâ IrXn-IÄ Gähpw anI- -h-sb¶v ]d-ªp-Iq-sS-¦nepw Nne `mK-§-fn-seÃmw ae-bm-f- nsâ am[pcyw \nd-ªp-\nÂ¡p-¶p. koXm-kz-bw-h-cw, _men-h-[w, tXmc-W-bp²wF¶o IY-IÄ C¶pw IY-I-fn-cw-K¯v {]Nm-c-ap-Å-h-bm-Wv.

B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- nsâ D]-Úm-Xm-hmbn sIm«m-c-¡-c- -¼p-cms\ Icp-Xp-¶p-sh-¦nepwB«-¡-Ybv¡v bYmÀ°-amb Hcp kmln-Xy-ap-m-bXv tIm«-b- p-X-¼p-cmsâ Ime- m-Wv. B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- mÂ cma-\m«w àn-c-k-{]-Zm-\-am-bn-cp¶p F¶p ImWmw. hoc irwKm-cm-Zn-I-fmb CXc ck-§Ä¡v B«-¡-Y-bnÂ Øm\w e`n-¡p-¶Xv tIm«bwIY-IfneqsS-bm-Wv. cma-\m«w F¶ t]cv ad-bp-Ibpw "IYIfn' F¶v Cu Iem-cq]w Adn-b-s -Sm³ XpS-§p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv,alm- m-cXw Bc-Wy-]ÀÆs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n tIm«-b- p-X-¼p-cm³ cNn¨ \mev B«-¡-Y-IÄcwK-s¯- n-b-tXm-sS-bmWv. _I-h-[w, InÀ½o-c-h-[w, Ieym-W-ku-K-ÔnIw, \nhm-X-I-h-N-Im-e-tI-b-h[w F¶n-h-bmWv tIm«-b- p-X-¼p-cm³ \nÀ½n¨ \mev B«-¡-Y-IÄ. kmln-Xy-a-ln-a-sImpw cwKm-h-X-c-W-£-a-X-sImpw {]kvXp-X-Ir-Xn-IÄ H¶mw-In-S-bnÂ¯s¶ {]tim- n-¡p-¶p. Be-¦m-cn-I-·m-cpsS aX-a-\p-k-cn v Imhy- n\p th-Xmb KpW-§Ä FÃmw-Xs¶ Cu IY-I-fnÂ \nd-ªp-\nÂ¡p-¶p. AÀYm-e-¦m-c-§-tf-¡mÄ i_vZm-e-¦m-c-§Ä¡mWv X¼p-cm³ {]m[m\yw \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.B«-¡-Y-I-fnÂ BZy-ambn Hcp ZÞIw {]Xy-£-s -Sp-¶Xv X¼p-cm-s\-gp-Xnb "\nhm-X-I-h-N-Im-e-tI-b-h-['- n-emWv. HmPkv Hmfw sh«p¶ mjm-ssien Ct±-l- nsâ IrXn-I-fpsS kuµ-cys¯ {]hr-²-am-¡p-¶p. B«-¡-Y-I-fnse tÇmI-§Ä kwkvIr-X- nÂ Bbn-cn-¡-W-sa¶v Hcp hg¡w Dm-¡n-

123



bXpw Ct±-l-am-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn-bnepw \mS-Io-b-amb Ah-X-c-W- nepw tIm«-b- p-X-¼p-cm³{]tXyIw {i²n- p. AsXmcp \Ã XpS-¡-am-bn-cp-¶p. ]nÂ¡m-es¯ B«-¡-Ym-Im-c-·mÀ¡v Gä-hp-a-[nIw amXr-I-bm-bXv tIm«bw IY-I-fm-Wv.

tIm«-b- p-X-¼p-cmsâ B«-¡-Y-Isf IW-¡n-e-[nIw A\p-I-cn¨ Hcp Ihn-bmWv ImÀ¯n-I-Xn-cp-\mÄ cma-hÀ½. cmP-kq-bw, \c-Im-kp-c-h-[w, kp`-{Zm-l-c-Ww, I-eym-W-ku-K-Ôn-Iw, _I-h-[w,KÔÀÆ-hn-P-bw, ]m©m-eo-kz-bw-hcw F¶n-§s\ Gtgmfw IrXn-IÄ Ct±-l- ntâXm-bp-v. kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn DbÀ¶-\n-e-hm-c-ap-Å-h-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃ Ct±-l- nsâ cN-\-IÄ. Ct±-l- nsâ \c-Im-kp-c-h[w B«-¡Ybv¡p am{Xta Ac-§¯v {]N-cn-¡p-hm³ `mKyw e`n- p-Åq. B«-¡-Y-IÄ cNn¨pF¶Xp am{XaÃ Ct±-l- nsâ ta·. sIm«mcw hI-bmbn Ifn-tbmKw cq]o-I-cn¨v IY-I-fn-b-c-§ns\t{]mÕm-ln- n-¡p-hm\pw Ct±lw {i²n- p.

ImÀ¯n-I-Xn-cp-\m-fnsâ `mKn-t\-b-\m-bn-cp¶ Aiz-Xn-Xn-cp-\mÄ \mev B«-¡-Y-IÄ Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-v. ]qX-\-tam-£w, cpÜn-Wo-kz-bw-h-cw, Aw_-co-£-N-cn-Xw, ]uWv{UI-h[w F¶n-h-bm-W-h.tIm«bw IrXn-Isf AXn-i-bn-¡p¶ almßyw Aiz-Xn-Xn-cp-\m-fnsâ IrXn-IÄ¡p-Å-Xmbn alm-IhnDÅqÀ A`n-{]m-s -Sp-¶p-v. ]mSn-c-kn-¡m³ ]m«p-ImÀ¡pw A`n-\-bn- p- -en- n-¡m³ \S-·mÀ¡pwtI«pw Ipw Nn´n¨pw Bkz-Zn-¡m³ t{]£-IÀ¡pw hI-\-evIp¶ kmln-Xy-amWv At±lw krjvSn-

-Xv. Icp-Xn-¡q«n Xnc-sª-Sp¯ kpµ-c-i-_vZ-§sf ]mepw ]©-km-c-bp-sa-¶-t]mse CW-¡n-t¨À vca-Wo-bmÀY-§fpsS temI- n-te¡v A\p-hm-N-Isc B\-bn-¡p-hm³ sIev]p-m-bn-cp¶ Hcp hnZKv[i_vZ-in-ev]nbpw D¶-X-I-em-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cp¶ AizXn Xncp-¶m-sf¶v F³.-Ir-jvW-]nÅ Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p.

B«-¡-Y-I-fpsS Iq«- nse Hä-bm-\mWv D®m-bn-hm-cn-b-cpsS \f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y. `mjm-co-Xn, IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn, \mS-Io-bX, ck-k-¶n-th-iw, kwKoXw XpS§n Ht«sd LS-I-§-fnÂ aäv B«-¡-Y-I-fnÂ \n¶pw \f-N-cnXw hyXym-k-s -«p-\nÂ¡p-¶p. Btcbpw A\p-I-cn- m-bn-cp-¶nÃ D®m-bn-hm-cyÀ B«-¡Y cNn- -Xv. At±-ls¯ A\p-I-cn-¡m\pw BÀ¡pw km[n- n-«n-Ã.Cc-bn-½³X-¼n-bmWv{it²-b-\mb asämcp B«-¡-Ym-Im-c³. IoN-I-h-[w, D¯-cm-kz-bw-h-cw, Z£-bm-Kw, C§s\ aq¶pIY-IÄ Ct±lw \nÀ½n- p. kwKo-X- nsâ Awi- nÂ Cc--bn-½³X¼n Npcp¡w Nne kµÀ`-§-fnÂ D®m-bn-hm-cysc AXn-i-bn-¡p-¶p. tIm«bw IY-I-fpsS ImTn-\ytam \f-N-cn-X- nsâ hnNn-{X-co-Xntbm Cc-bn-½³X-¼n-bpsS IrXn-I-fnÂ ImWp-¶n-Ã. AÀY-{K-l-W- n-epÅ A\m-bm-k-X, ]Z-{]-tbm-K- n-epÅ kq£va-X, efn-X- m-j, arZp-hmb cN\ F¶nh X¼n-bpsS IrXn-I-fpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv. A`n-\-b-tbm-Ky-X-sImv IY-I-fn-tem-I¯v H¶mw Xc-ambn Ch ]cnekn-¡p-¶p.

hn.-Ir-jvW³ X¼n-bpsS "XmS-Im-h-[-amWv' {it²-b-amb asämcp B«-¡-Y. kwKo-X-am-[p-cy-¯mÂ \f-N-cn-X- n\v ktlmZcØm-\o-b-ambn Cu IrXnsb Icp-Xn-t¸m-cp-¶p. XnI¨pw \mS-Io-b-ambHcp Iem-in-ev]s¯ hnP-b-I-c-ambn Ah-X-cn- n-¡m³ D®m-bn-¡p-tijw Ign-ªXv Ct±-l- n\p am{X-am-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS am\-kn-I- m-h- n-\mWv C±lw {]m[m\yw \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

Aªq-dn-e-[nIw B«-¡-Y-IÄ \ap-¡p-v. B«-¡-Y-I-fpsS Cu s]cp- - nÂ ]e-t¸mgpwkuµ-cymw-ihpw kmln-Xy-Kp-Whpw Ah-X-c-W-£-a-Xbpw tNÀ¶p-h-¶h hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cp-¶p.AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ Ch-bnÂ _lp- q-cn-]-£hpw s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ hnkvar-Xn-bn-em-bn. ChnsS ]cm-aÀin¨ B«-¡-Y-IÄs¡m¸w ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ GXm\pw Nne IY-IÄ¡q-Sn-bp-v. Infn-am-\qÀhnZzm³tIm-bn- -¼p-cmsâ "cmh-W-hn--Pb' amWv AXn-sem-¶v. ZpjvS-I-Ym-]m-{X-ambn KWn-¡-s -«p-t]m¶ cmh-Ws\ \mb-I-\m¡n cNn¨ {KÙ-am-Wn-Xv. kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn H¶mw-In-S-bn-e-sÃ-¦nepw IY-I-fn-cw-K¯v H¶mw-In-S-bnÂ\nÂ¡p¶ [mcmfw IY-I-fp-v. hb-kvIc Bcy-\m-cm-b-W³ aqknsâZptcym-[-\-h-[-amWv CXnÂ apJy-am-b-Xv. Zptcym-[-\-h[w t]mse Ac-§nÂ F¯n-bn-«pÅ asäm-cp-IYbnÃ. C«n-cm-cn-È-ta-t\msâ k´m-\-tKm-]m-ew, IÃqÀ\-¼q-Xn-cn- m-Snsâ _men-hn-P-bw, at{ -S¯p\¼q-Xn-cn-bpsS kp -{Zm-l-cWw F¶n-hbpw Ac-§nse km[y-X-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v {]m[m\yw t\Sn-b-h-bm-Wv. BSm³ sImÅm-hp¶ IY-IÄ F¶v ]cm-aÀin-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶h IY-bp-sStbm Ihn-bp-sStbm al-Xz- n\v \nZm-\-am-hp-¶n-Ã. adn¨v IY-Ifn F¶ Iem-cq-]- n-sâbpw \Ssâ anI-hn-sâbpwDZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. AYhm "B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- n\v' I\-s¸« kw`m-h\ \ÂIp-hm³ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ Ch.



]cn-jvI-cW {ia-§Äcma-\m«w {]N-cn¨p XpS-§n-b-tXmsS ]cn-jvI-cW {ia-§fpw Bcw- n- p-sh¶p ]d-bmw. Ch

apJy-ambpw IY-I-fn-b-c-§p-ambn _Ô-s -«m-bn-cp-¶p. A`n-\bw thjw, cwK-k-Öo-I-cWw XpS-§nbLS-I-§-sf-bmWv apJy-ambpw CXv kv]Àin- -Xv. IÃ-Sn-t¡m-S³, I]vfn-§m-S³ F¶o \¼q-Xn-cn-amcpwsh«- p-\m-«p-cm-Pmhpw GÀs -Sp- nb ]cn-jvIm-c-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\- nÂ IY-I-fn¡v aq¶v `n¶-k-{¼-Zm-b-§ÄXs¶ cq]-s -«p. ]n¶oSv IY-I-fn¡v h¶ ]cn-jvIm-c-§-fnÂ tIm«-b- p-X-¼p-cm\pwapJy- ]-¦p-h-ln- p. AXn-\p-tijw Ah-X-c-W- nepw ]m{X-kr-jvSn-bnepw kmln-Xy-ta-J-e-bnepw Imcy-amb ]cn-jvIm-c-§-sfm¶pw Cu Iem-cq-]- n\v Iptd¡m-e-t¯¡v Dm-bn-Ã. ]n¶oSv KW-\o-b-ambNne {ia-§Ä \S-¶Xv Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-n-em-Wv.

]«n-¡mw-sXmSn cmap-®n-ta-t\msâ injy-·m-cmb aq¶v {]Xn- m-[-\-·m-cm-bn-cp¶p CXn\p ap³ssI-sb-Sp- -Xv. Iogv¸Sw Ipam-c³ \mbÀ, Iem-a-Þew cma³Ip-«n, Iem-a-Þew ]ß-\m- ³ \mbÀF¶n-h-cm-bn-cp¶p AhÀ. ]pXnb IY-I-fn- mj krjvSn¨ ChÀ IY-I-fn-b-c-§ns\ ]co-£-W-§Ä¡vhnt[-b-am-¡n.Iogv¸Sw Ipam-c³\m-bÀ :þ Xob-äÀ LS-I-§sf IY-I-fn-bpsS cwK-km-²y-X-IÄ¡mbn {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp- n. thZn, s{^bnw tImWp-IÄ, shfn¨ hn\ymkw XpS§n \mS-I- nsâ k -e-X-bpÅ cwtKm-]-I-c-W-§sf IY-I-fn¡v D]-tbm-Kn- p.Iem-a-Þew cma³Ip«n :þ Zriy- nsâ bpàn-bmWv IYm-]m-{X-tI-{µn-X-amb bpàn- -{Z-X-tb-¡mÄ{][m-\-sa¶v Ct±lw sXfn-bn- p.Iem-a-Þew ]ß-\m- ³ \mbÀ :þ If-cn-]m-T-§-fpsS kpin-£n-X-amb Úm\- nÂ \n¶v I¯n,an\p-¡v, lwkw thj-§Ä¡v Zriy-Nm-cp-X-tb-Ip¶ B«-§Ä Nn«-s -Sp- n.

Ch-cpsS hn`n-¶-§-fmb Iem-ZÀi-\-§Ä IY-I-fn-bpsS hfÀ¨sb Xzcn-X-s -Sp- n. Ah-X-c-W-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«p \S¶ Cu ]cn-jvI-cW§Ä B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- nsâ ]cnjvIm-c- n\pwhgn-sbm-cp-¡n. hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W- nÂ h¶ hyXn-N-e-\-am-bn-cp¶p CXnÂ Gähpw {][m-\w.B«-¡-Ym-km-lnXyw þ B[p-\n-I-L«w

B[p-\nIIme¯pw B«-¡-Y-IÄ Dm-Ip-¶p-v. Ch-bnÂ {][m\w hn. am[-h³\m-b-cpsSIÀ®-i-]-Y-am-Wv. cq]-in-ev]- nÂ ]g-b-I-Y-I-fnÂ\n¶v CXv hyà-am-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS {]th-i-¯n\pw IYm-k-µÀ`w kqNn- n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw km[m-cW IrXn-I-fnÂ tÇmI-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄIÀ®-i-]-Y- nÂ tÇmI-§-tf-bn-Ã. cLp-hn-Pbw, oa-_-Ô-\w, KmÔn-hn-Pbw, lnäveÀh-[w, Icp-W,F{_-lm-ansâ _en, tUmIvSÀ ^uÌv, aKvZ-e-\-a-dnbw XpS§n [mcmfw B«-¡-Y-IÄ ASp- -Im-e-¯p-m-bn. Ch-bnÂ Nne-sXÃmw Ncn-{X-]-chpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw Bb CXn-hr¯w kzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. \ho-\-I-YÄ B«-¡-Ym-cq-]- nÂ Fgp-Xp-¶-Xp-sImv henb {]tbm-P-\-ansÃ¶ A`n-{]m-bhpwCt¸mÄ DbÀ¶p hcp-¶p. ]gb IY-IÄ t]mse cwK¯v C¯cw IY-IÄ hnP-bn-¡p-¶nsÃ-¶-XmWvC¯-c-samcp A`n-{]mbw DS-se-Sp-¡m³ Imc-Ww.

IY-I-fn-bpsS cq]w ¢mkn-¡m-Wv, Aam-\p-j-am-Wv. CXv AÛp-X-]-cn-th-j-apÅ Hcp Iem-cq-]-am-Wv. ka-Im-enI kw`-h-§Ä hnj-b-am¡n B«-¡-Y-IÄ cNn-¡p-t¼mÄ cN-bn-Xm-¡Ä Cu hvkvXpX-IqSn HmÀ½n-t¡--Xp-v. B«-¡-Y, IY-I-fn-bpsS cwKm-h-X-c-W- n-\pÅ Hcp kmlnXy cq]-am-sW-¶-Xn-\mÂ B«-¡-Ym-c-N-bn-Xm-¡Ä cwKm-h-X-c-W-km-[y-X-I-sf-¡qSn a\-knÂ Icp-tX--Xp-v.

B«-¡-Y-IÄ¡v ]pXnb Iem-kw- -h-§Ä hnj-b-am-¡p-¶Xv icn-b-sÃ¶pw thZn-bnÂ ]cm-P-b-amhpw F¶pw Hcp [mc-W-bmWv C¶p s]mXp-hm-bp-Å-Xv. \mfn-Xp-h-sc-bpÅ IY-I-fn-bpsS Ncn{XwCu hkvXp-Xsb Dd- n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. F¶n-cn-¡nepw ]co-£-W-§Ä ]pXnbhbn-te-¡pÅIhm-S-§-fm-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. ]pXnb cN-\m-co-Xnbpw hnj-b-kzo-I-c-Whpw hgnbpw IY-I-fn¡v \ne-\nÂ¡m\mhpw F¶v t_m²y-s -Sp- m-\p-XIpw hn[-apÅ {ia-§Ä Dm-th-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- nsâ Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- mÂ Iem-aq-eyhpw kmln-Xy-aq-ey-hp-apÅ IY-IÄ hfsc Npcp-¡-am-sW¶v a\-kn-em-Ipw. A\p-I-c-W-{i-a-§-fmWv B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- nsâ ZpÀK-Xn¡v Imc-Ww. B«-¡Ym kmln-Xyhpw IY-I-fnbpw P\-Io-b-am-Ip-hm-\pÅ {ia-§-fmWv C¶v Ip-h-cp-¶-Xv. Dt±iyw \Ã-Xm-sW-¦nepw Cu al- mb kmln-Xy-cq-]- n-sâbpw Iem-cq-]- n-sâbpwBßmhv \jvS-am-¡p¶ ]cn-jvIm-c-§sf \mw XÅn-¡-f-tb--Xp-v. ]pXnb ]Ým- -ehpw ]pXnb



hnj-b-§fpw ]g-b-Xns\ AXn-i-bn-¡pw-hn[w krjvSn-s -Sp¯v B«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xys¯ k¼p-jvS-am¡phm\pÅ {ia-§-fmWv \mw \S-t¯--Xv. C¯cw {ia-§-fn-eqsS IY-Ifn F¶ Iem-cq-]hpwB«-¡-Ym-km-ln-Xyhpw IqSp-XÂ hf-cp-I-X-s¶- sN-¿pw.

\f-N-cnXw\f-N-cnXw H¶mw Znhkw þ IYmkmcw

alm- m-cXw h\-]ÀÆ- nÂ 52 apX-Â 79 hsc-bpÅ A²ym-b-§-fmWv \tfm-]m-Jym\w. ]mWvU-h-·m-cpsS h\-hmk Ime¯v _rl-Z-iz³ F¶ ap\n bp[n-jvTn-cs\ ]dªp tIÄ- n-¡p-¶-XmWv \f-I-Y. kXyk-Ô-cmb cmPm-¡-·mÀ¡v ZpÀÆn-[n-bm-Â IjvS- m-Sp-I-fp-m-bmepw HSp-hnÂ B]-s¯Ãmw\o§n ap¼-t¯-¡mÄ t{ibÊpw sFiz-cyhpw Dm-Ip-sa¶ KpW-]mTw bp[n-jvTn-c-\\v D]-tZ-in-¡m-\mWv ap\n \fsâ IY ]d-bp-¶-Xv.

]v \nj-[-cm-Py¯v hoc-tk-\sâ ]p{X-\mbn \f-s\-s¶mcp cmPm-hp-m-bn-cp-¶p. kZvKp-W-k-¼qÀ®-\m-bn-cp¶ \f³ NqXp-I-fn-bnepw Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-¶p. hf-sc-¡mew k -Xn-bn-ÃmsX ZpxJn-¨n-cp-¶ hnZÀ -bnse oa alm-cm-Pm-hn\v A¡m-e v Za\ alÀjn-bpsS A\p-{K-l- mÂ Za³, Zm -³, Za-\³ F¶ aq¶v ]p{X-·mcpw Za-bń Fs¶mcp ]p{Xnbpw P\n- p. buh\ {]m]vX-bmb Za-b-ńsb AXn-i-bn-¡m³ A¶v asämcp kv{XobnÃmbn-cp-¶p. kuµcy- nÂ \fs\ Pbn-¡m³ Hcp]pcp-j\pw Dm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. \f\pw Za-b- nbpw ]c-kv]cw KpW-{i-h-W- mÂ A\p-c-à-cm-bn-cp-¶p.Ima-]o-Un-X-\mb \f³ Hcp Znhkw DZym-\- n-en-cn-¡sh Ipsd kzÀ®-lw-k-§Ä At±-l- nsâZrjvSn-bnÂs -«p. Ah-bn-sem-¶ns\ At±lw IS-¶p-]n-Sn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs¶ sImÃm-Xn-cp-¶mÂZa-bó kao-]-sa¯n \fsâ KpW-K-W-§Ä ]dªp tIÄ- n-¡m-sa¶v Ac-bs¶ Adn-bn- -t¸mÄcmPmhv AXns\ hn«-b- p. DSs\ Ac-b-¶-saÃmw hnZÀ` ]pcn-bn-te-¡v bm{X-bm-bn. Za-b- nbpwtXmgn-amcpw hnl-cn-¡p¶ DZym-\- nÂ Ah sN¶n-d-§n. Cu ]£n-Isf ]nSn-¡m³ FÃm-hcpw_lfw hbv¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bnÂ \f-Zq-X-\mb lwkw kq{X- nÂ Za-b- nsb Iv hr¯m- -§-f-dn-bn-¨p. Za-b- n-bpsS adp-]-Snbpw sImv lwkw XncnsI \nj-[- n-te¡v t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Za-b- n-bpsS sshh-iy-s¯- än tXmgn-amÀ ]d-ª-dnª òa³ Ah-fpsS kzbw-hcw \S-¯m³ \nÝ-bn- p. A¡m-e¯v ]ÀÆ-X-a-lÀjn-tbm-sSm¯v \mc-Z³ tZth-{µsâ ASp-s¯- n. \mc-Z-\nÂ \n¶v Za-b- n-bpsS KpW-K-W-§-sf- än Adnªv kzbw-h-c- nÂ ]s¦-Sp-¡m-\mbn C{µ³,Aán, ba³, hcp-W³ F¶o temI-]m-e-I-\-·mcpw At§m«p Xncn- p. AhÀ hgn-¡p-h¨v \fs\Ip ap«n. X§-fnÂ Hcmsf Za-bń `À¯m-hmbn kzoI-cn-¡Ww F¶ ZuXy-h-hp-ambn AhÀ \f-s\ Za-b- n-bpsS kao-]-t¯¡v ]d-ª-b- p. C{µsâ A\p-{K-l- mÂ Xnc-kvI-cWn a{ - nsâklm-b-t¯msS \f³ I\ym- x-]p-c- nÂ {]th-in¨v tZh-ZuXyw \nÀÆ-ln- p. am{X-a-Ã, Xm³ \f-\m-sW-\¶ ]c-amÀ°w Za-b- nsb Adn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Za-b- n-bm-Is« C{µm-Zn-I-fpsS ap¼nÂh¨p-Xs¶ Xm³ \fs\ hcn-¡p-sa¶v ]d-ªp. \f³ XncnsI sN¶v C{µm-Zn-Isf hnh-c-a-dn-bn- p.

kzbw-h-c-a-WvU-]- nÂ A©p \f-·msc H¶n- p-I Za-bń ]cn-{`-an- p. bYmÀ° \f³Bsc-¶-dn-bmsX AhÄ [À½-k-¦-S- nembn. tZh-·m-cpsS h©-\m-bm-Wn-sX-¶p a\-Ên-em-¡nb Za-bń Ah-sc- s¶ B{i-bn-¡m-sa¶p IcpXn tZh-·msc hnfn¨p {]mÀ°n- p. Ah-fpsS {]mÀ°-\-bnÂ a\-Ê-enª tZh-·mÀ {]km-Zn-¡p-Ibpw Ah-c-h-cpsS NnÓ-§Ä [cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.A§s\ \fs\ Xncn- -dnª Za-bń ame-bn«v At±-ls¯ hcn- p. {]k-¶-cmb tZh-·mÀ \f\vCucv hc-§Ä \ÂIn A{]-Xy-£-cm-bn.B«-¡Y

aqe-I-Y-bnÂ \n¶v ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb hyXn-bm-\-§-sfm¶pw B«-¡-Y-bnÂ hcp- n-bn-«n-Ã.F¶mÂ Aev]w hyXym-k-§Ä Ahn-S-hnsS ImWmw. B hyXn-bm-\-§-fpsS HuNn-Xy-s¯-¡p-dn¨pwNnń-t¡--Xp-v.

IY-bpsS {]mcw- - nepw Ah-km-\- nepw \mc-Z-a-lÀjn-sb cwK-{]-thiw sN¿n- XmWvaqe- nÂ \n¶pÅ Hcp hyXym-kw. Za-bń kzbw-hc hr¯m´w C{µm-Zn-Isf Adn-bn-¡pI Fs¶mcp{]hr¯n am{X-amWv aqe-I-Y-b-\p-k-cn¨v \mc-Z-\p-Å-Xv. B«-¡-Y-bnÂ Za-b- n-bpsS t\À¡pÅ A\p-cmKw ZrV-am-Ip-¶Xv \mc-Zsâ hm¡p tI«-Xn-\p-ti-j-am-Wv. IY-bpsS ip`-I-c-amb ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bnÂ \mc-Zsâ {]th-ihpw A\p-{K-lhpw {]tXyI NmcpX Df-hm-¡p-¶p-v. BZyhpw Ah-km-\hpw\mc-Zs\ {]th-in- n-¡p-¶Xv IYbv¡v Hcp \nÀÆm-l-Is\ k¼m-Zn-¡m-\msW¶v G.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-



hÀ½ A`n-{]m-b-s -«n-«p-v.aqe-I-Y-b-\p-k-cn¨v IYm-cw- - nÂ am{Xta lwkw {]th-in-¡p-¶p-Åq. B«-¡-Y-bn-em-hs«

HSphnepw lwkw F¯p-¶p-v. ]pjvI-cs\ sImÃm-ªmtem sImÂIntem \Ã-sX¶v kwi-bn¨p\nÂ¡p¶ \fsâ ASp-s¯¯n h[n-bmbvI ]pjvI-cs\ F¶ {_Ò-k-tµ-i-a-dn-bn-¡m-\mWv lwkwapJy-ambn F¯p-¶-Xv. \fsâ B]- nÂ At±-ls¯ klm-bn-¡m³ X\n¡p Ign-ªn-ÃtÃm F¶ZpxJ- mÂ _Ôp-hm-InÂ hn]Zn thp `hyw-h-cp-t¼m-fm-cn-Ãm¯p F¶p ]d-bp-I-IqSn sN¿p-¶p-v lwkw. Za-b- n-bp-sSbpw \f-sâbpw hnhm-l- n\p {][m\ Imc-W-¡m-c-\mb lwkw IqSn Ah-cpsS ]p\-k-am-K- nse B\µw ]¦n-Sm-\p-m-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv DNnXw Xs¶. IY-Ifn cwK¯v thj-ssh-hn[yw sImpÅ BIÀj-IXzw Df-hm-¡m\pw HSp-hn-epÅ lwk {]thiw klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

Za-b- n-bpsS kzbw-hc cwK- nse tZh-Zm-\-h-·m-cpsSbpw kc-kzXn tZhn-bp-sSbpw Ah-X-X-c-W-amWv a-sämcp hyXn-bm-\w. ChnsS Ihn {iolÀjsâ ss\j-[obw Imhys¯ ]n´p-S-cp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. sshhn-[y-apÅ thj-§-fpsS kar²n sImv Ifn-b-c§n\v angn-th-Im³ Cu amäw{]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn. kzbw-h-c- n\p ap¼v Akp-c-·mcpw cm£-k-·mcpw X½nÂ \S- p¶ kwhm-Zhpw Ihn-bpsS `mh\m krjvSn-bm-Wv. IY-I-fn-cwKw ap¶nÂ Ip-sImv cq]-s -Sp- n-b-Xm-hWwB cwKw. tZh-Zm-\-hmZn Aam-\p-jÀ k¶n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-¡p¶ kzbw-h-c-k-Z-Ênse Bfp-Isf ]cn-N-b-s -Sp- m³ kc-kzXo tZhnsb¡mÄ ]änb asäm-cm-fmcv ?\f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ

B«¡-Ym-km-ln-Xy- n-Â F¶Ã ae-bmf kmln-Xy- nÂ¯s¶ Xe-sb-Sp-t¸msS Hä-Xn-cnªp\nÂ¡p¶ Hcp IrXn-bmWv \f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y. \f-N-cnXw, \mep-Zn-h-ks¯ IY-bm-bn-«mWv D®m-bn-hm-cyÀ cNn- n-«p-Å-Xv. Hmtcm Znh-k-Xs¯ IYbv¡pw X\-Xmb ]qÀ®-Xbpw hyàn-Xzhpw Ds-¶p-Å-XmWv Hcp {]tXy-I-X. AXp-sImv hmcy-cpsS Ihn-X-bv¡pÅ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ FSp- p-Im-Wn-¡m³ GXp Znh-ks¯ IYbpw H¶p-t]mse kaÀ°-am-Wv. apJy-ambpw \-f-N-cnXw H¶mw-Zn-h-ks¯ IYsb Bkv]-Z-am¡n B {]tXy-I-X-Ifn-te¡v H¶p It®m-Sn-¡mw.cq]-inev]w

B«-¡-Y-I-fpsS cq]-in-ev]s¯ kw_-Ôn- n-S-t¯mfw tIm«-b¯p X¼p-cmsâ Ime- n\pap¼p-Xs¶ Hcp hyhØ Dd- n-cp-¶p. Pb-tZ-h-cpsS KoXtKmhn-µ- n-eq-sSbpw tImgn-t¡m«p kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS IrjvW-\m-«- n-eq-sSbpw Gsd-¡psd ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn- oÀ¶n-cp-¶p B cq]LS-\. tÇmI§fn-eqsS IYm-k-µÀ`-§Ä kqNn- n-¡pI-; ]Z-§Ä IYm-]m-{X-hm-Iy-§-fmbn \n_-Ôn-¡pI; CXm-bn-cp¶p kmam-\y-amb k{¼-Zm-bw. sIm«m-c-¡-c-¯-¼p-cm\pw tIm«-b¯p X¼p-cm\pw Cu coXnAXpt]mse-Xs¶ kzoI-cn- p. \f-N-cn-X- n-Â D®mbn hmcyÀ Cu hyhØ kmam-\y-ambn ]men- n-«p-v Ft¶ ]d-bm-\m-hq. Fhn-sSbpw IqSp-XÂ kzmX{ýw {]I-Sn- n-¡m-s\m-cp-§nb At±lw CuN«-¡q-«nÂ HXp-§n-\n-¶n-Ã F¶-XmWv ]c-amÀ°w. Ihn-hm-Iy-am-th tÇmI-§Ä IYm-]m{X hmIy-ambn \f-N-cn-X- nÂ Is- mw.

“kÔn- n-s¨³ Xh-J-ep-a\wssàn-X³ am\-k-t¯mþ

Sn{µ³ Xms\ hcn-In-en-fImImI-Ym-t\y-jp-cm-P³

Nnń-¡p-t¼mÄ hcp-hm-\n-l\n¶ńtI \nÀ®bwRm

s\¶pw sNmÃn-IvJ-K-]Xn ]d¶w_tc t]mbva-d--ªm³”

F¶ tÇmI- nÂ BZys¯ aq¶p ]mZhpw lwk- nsâ hmIy-am-Wv. \memw-Zn-h-ks¯ IY-bnÂIhn-hm-Iy-ambn Hcp ]Zhpw D®mbn hmcyÀ tNÀ¯n-«p-v. IpWvUn-\-]p-cn-bn-te-s¡- p¶ EXp-



]À® alm-cm-Pm-hns\ þ“AXn-XqÀ®-sa-gp-¶-cp-fn-E-Xp-]À®- q-]³a[p-t\À hmWn ]mWn-{K-lWIpXp-I-th-KmÂ ]pf-In-X-cq-]³”

F¶n-§s\bpÅ ]Z- n-eq-sS-bmWv Ihn Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶-Xv.tÇmI-§fpw ]Z-§fpw IqSmsX H¶pw aq¶pw Znh-k-§-fnse IY-bnÂ Hmtcm ZWvU-Ihpw

aq¶mw Znh-ks¯ IY-bnÂ HcpKZyhpw (NqÀ®n) hmcyÀ tNÀ¯n-«p-v. C{µm-Zn-I-fpsS ZuXywGsä-Sp- psImv \f³ Za-b- n-bpsS ASp-s¯- p-¶Xpw Ahsf ImWp-¶-Xp-amWv H¶mw Znh-ks¯ IY-bn-se ZWvU-I- n-eqsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.CXn-hr¯w

alm- m-c-X- nÂ \n¶mWv D®mbn hmcyÀ Xsâ B«-¡-Y-bpsS CXn-hr¯w kzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. \tfm-]m-Jym-\- nÂ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn hyXym-k-§-sfm¶pw hcp- n-bn-«n-Ã. F¶mÂ AXnsâ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-c-W-a-Ã-Xm-\pw. Hcp BJym-\-Imhyw Zriy-Im-hy-am-Ip-t¼mÄ GsXÃmw Xc- n-epÅamä-§Ä thtWm AXmWv Ihn hcp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. IY-I-fn-bpsS A`u-a-amb A -co£w \jvS-s -Sp- msX HuNn-Xy-]qÀÆw CXn-hr¯ kwkvI-cWw \S- m-\mWv At±lw k¶-²-\m-b-Xv.`mjm-coXn

B«-¡-Y-bnse tÇmI-§Ä {]mtbW kwkvIr-X- nepw ]Z-§Ä aWn-{]-hm-f- ntem AsÃ-¦nÂ ae-bm-f- ntem Bbn-cn-¡pI; C§-s\-sbmcp hyhØ tIm«bw IY-I-fnepw aäpw ImWmw.F¶mÂ \f-N-cn-X- nÂ Cu \nbaw ]men- n-«n-Ã. \f-N-cn-X- nse tÇmI§Ä \sÃmcp mKw aWn-{]-hm-f- n-emWv. Hcp DZm-l-c-W-anXm þ

]p¯³ tX³sam-gn-amÀ Ipe- n-\-cntbm þ

cp¯w-kamw ss`an-X³

Nn¯w Xm\Y ]¯n-\-©-h-\-dnþ

ªn°w Irimw-Kym-Kncm

AXy-´w-_X! apKv²-tbm-S-\p-k-cnþ

s¨Ãm-a-dn-ªo-Sp-hmþ

\ptZym-Kn¨p hnZ-Kv²\mw JK-h-c³

sshZÀ`n-tbm-Sp-à-hm³

CXn-hm-Nn-Im\n a[p-hm-Wn-X-¶psS

hZ-t\m-Zn-Xm\n lrZtb hl-¶ku

XzcnXw ]d¶p \nj-t[{µk¶n[u

kIew PKmZ arK-tem-N-\m-aXwF¶n-§s\ kwkvIr-Xhpw ae-bm-fhpw X½n-epÅ CW¡w sImv cpw Xncn- -dn-bm³

hnj-a-apÅ tÇmI-§fpw \f-N-cn-X- n-ep-v. t]cn-\pam{Xw kwkvIr-Xw IeÀ¯n-bp-ff ae-bmf tÇmI-§-fpw ITn\ kwkvIr-X- nÂ Xs¶bpÅ tÇmI-§fpw Nne-t¸mÄ ImWmw. `mjsb kw_-Ôn¨v\nb-amb Hcp hyhØ hmcyÀ kzoI-cn- n-«n-sÃ-¶-XmWv ]c-amÀ°w. ]Z-§Ä X\n kwkvIr-X- nepw{]tbm-Kn- n-«p-Å-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-§-fp-v. tXSnb hÅn ImenÂ Npän F¶ Bibw anfnXw ]Z-bp-Ktf \nK-f-Xbm amÀ¤n-X-bm-e-Xbm F¶v {]uV-kw-kvIr-X- n-emWv Ah-X-cn- n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

hnti-jy- n\pw hnti-j-W- n\pw enwK-h-N\ hn`-àn-s¸m-cp¯w thW-sa-¶Xv kwkvIr-X-¯nse \nb-X-am-Wv. `mj-bnÂ CXv km[m-c-W-a-Ã. D®mbn hmcyÀ ae-bmf hn`-ànbv¡pw Cus]mcp¯w hcp¯n Nne ]Z-§Ä {]tbm-Kn- n-«p-v.

Ahn-Zn-X-\p IpXp-I-a-h-\m-koÂ(H¶mw Znh-kw)

\e-ap-sÅm-cp\-h-KpW ]cn-a-fs\



\f-s\-s¶mcp \r]s\ AhÄ hcn¨p(cmwZnh-kw)

`qX-\m-b-Is\ \o `P arUs\(aq-¶mw-Zn-h-kw)

IqSm-sX, Xh- Rm-\p-]-Imcw Ipcymw, CNvO-bvs¡m- -h-gn-K-Ñ\o (H-¶mw-Zn-h-kw) Cu cytXFÃmw t\sc tim`-\-hm-Wn, apZm t\À¶ t\À -Ifpw aa k -e-\m\n (\m-emw-Zn-h-kw) XpS§nhnNn{X-amb {]tbm-K-§Ä \f-N-cn-X- nÂ Ahn-S-hnsS ImWmw.

D®mbn hmcycpsS `mjm {]tbm-K- nÂ {i²n-¡m-\pÅ asämcp kwKXn kµÀ`- n-\-\p-k-cn¨v AXv efn-Xtam ITn-\tam Bhp¶p F¶p-Å-Xm-Wv. tÇmI-am-sW-¦nepw ]Z-am-sW-¦nepw Cu{]tXyIX FSp¯p ]d-bm³ Ign-bpw. kzbw-h-c- n\p ]pd-s¸« \fs\ X§-fpsS ZqX-\mbn Za-b- n-bpsS ASp-t¯¡v Ab-bv¡m³ sImXn¨v tZh-·mÀ \fs\ kao-]n¨v kw`m-jWw \S- p¶ cwK-¯nsâ Kmwò-cyw,

‘ZnIvNt{I apJ-co-Ir-tX-\r-]-X-Xnþ{]Øm-\-t`-co-cssh þ

¶nÝ-{Ima \tfm-]n-\n-Ýn-X-a\mZptXm-]-lq-X-kzbw;

BK-Ñ- -aapw ctY\ alXm`qjm-hn-ti-j-tjm-Pzew

tXjm-ta-j-hr-jm-P-KmZ IpXpIoXÂt{]-jtW Xmw {]Xn’

F¶ tÇmI- nÂ {]I-S-am-Wv. Za-bń hr¯m´w Adn-bn-¡m³ \fsâ sIm«m-c- n-se- p¶ \mc-Zs\ Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶,

\f- \-c-h-c-t\hw `qXew Im¯p-hm-gpþ¶f-hn-e-h-\n-teäw {]oXn-ssI-s¡m-sm-cp-¶mÄanfn-X-c-k-sa-gp-¶-Åo-Sn-\m³ XÕ-aot]\fn-\- -h-X-\q-P³ \mc-Z³ amap-\o-{µ³ þ

F¶ tÇmI- nse `mj F{X kuayhpw efn-X-hpw BsW¶p t\m¡p-I. `mjm {]tbm-K- n-epÅCu Hu-NnXyw \f-N-cn-X- n-ep-S-\ofw ImWmw.

IYm-]m-{X- nsâ at\m- mhw amdp-¶-X-\p-k-cn¨pw mjbnÂ hyXn-bm\w kw -hn-¡p¶ kµÀ -§Ä \f-N-cn-X- n-ep-v. cmw-Zn-h-ks¯ IY-bnse Hcp cwKw ChnsS HmÀ½n-¡mw. Za-bó kzbwhc- nÂ ]s¦-Sp- -tijw kzÀ¤- n-te¡v aS-§p¶ tZh-·mÀ hgn-bnÂ h¨v Iensb ImWp-¶p. Za-b- n-sb-¡p-dn- pÅ kz]v\-§-fp-ambn Ahsf hnhmlw sN¿m³ sImXn¨v t]mhp-I-bmWv Ien. ‘\ot]mh-Xn-sX-§p-Ite’ F¶ C{µsâ tNmZy- n-\v,`qan X¶n-semp òa-kp-X-sb-s¶mcpIman\o Ia-e-tem-N\mIma-\o-b-I- nÂ [maw-t]mÂ AhÄX³\maw tI«p Za-b- n-t]mÂbman Rm\-hsf bm\-bn- -Xn\pkzman-b-Xn\p hnS-X-cnI \oF¶mWv Ien-bpsS adp-]-Sn.\f-N-cn-X- nse aWn-{]-hm-f- mjtb- än F.-BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ C§s\ ]d-ªncn¡p¶p.-\-f-N-cn-X-¯nse `mj aWnbpw {]hm-fhpw IeÀ¯p-tNÀ¯-X-Ã.-kw-kvIr-X-am-Ip¶ sN¼pw ae-bm-f-am--Ip¶shfp- o-bhpw tNÀ¯p-cp-¡nb Hcp sh¦-e- m-j-bm-Wv.ck-{]-Im-i\w

kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-§-fnepw aäpw ImWp-¶-Xp-t]mse GsX-¦nepw Hcp cks¯ AwKn-bmbnIev]n v AXns\ {Iam-\p-K-X-ambn hnI-kn- n-s -Sp-¡p¶ coXn-sbm¶pw B«-¡-Y-I-fnÂ CÃ. F¶mÂ



D®mbn hmcyÀ Cu hnj-b- nepw a\Êv h¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. iywKm-c-amWv \f-N-cn-X- nse Aw-Kn-bmbckw.

ssào \f-·m-cm-Ip¶ Bew-_-hn- m-h-§sf B{i-bn¨p \nÂ¡p¶ cXn F¶ Ømbo `mhw]c-kv]c KpW-{i-h-W- mÂ D·n-jn-X-am-bn«v \mc-tZm-]-tZ-i- mepw lwk ZuXy- mepw Ønco- -hn¨v \fsâ C{µm-Zn-IÄ¡p-th-n-bpÅ ZuXyw apX-emb hnLv\-§-fpsS Ah-km-\- nÂ Cf¡nh¨p-d- n- -Xp-t]mse ]qÀÆm-[nI {]uVntbmsS thcq-¶o- -g¨v kzbw-h-c-a-WvU-]-- nÂ h¨v k -eo- -hn-¡p-¶p. A`n-em-j-hn-{]-ew- - nsâ kpµ-c-amb {]Im-i-\-amWv H¶mw Znh-ks¯ IY-bnÂImWp-¶-Xv. ]c-kv]--c-KpW {ih-W- mÂ A\p-c-à-cm-bn- oÀ¶ Za-bó \f-·mcpsS _mly- m-h-§sf hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m-\Ã adn¨v kq£va- m-h-§-fn-te¡v A\p-hm-N-I-{i² BIÀjn-¡m-\mWv Ihn{ian-¡p-¶-Xv. A\p-cmKw hnI-kz-cm-h-Øsb {]m]n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ ]Ým- ew IqSn hyà-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Za-b- n-bpsS t\À¡pÅ Xsâ A\p-cmKw DNn-X-am-sW¶v \mc-tZm-àn-bn-eqsS t_m²ywh¶-t¸m-gmWv Za-b- n-bpsS t\À¡pÅ A\p-cmKw A¦p-cn- n-«p-m-Iptam F¶v \f³ kwi-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. ‘s]®n-s\m-cm-Wn-semcp t{]a-Xm-a-c-bv¡n¶p þ IµÀ¸³ thW-satÃm Iµw kaÀ¸n-bXpw’t{]tam-Z-b- n-\pÅ B t{]c-W-sb-¡p-dn¨v C§-s\-bmWv \f³ ]d-bp-¶-Xv. t{]a-km- eyw Dm-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¦nepw Imap-In, X¶nÂ A\p-c-à-\m-sW-¶-dn-ªmÂ Imap-I\v Biz-kn-¡m-a-tÃm. lw-k-Zu-Xy- n-eqsS CXmWv km[n-¡p-¶-Xv. Za-b- nsb \f-\nÂ A\p-cm-Kn-Wn-bm-¡n- oÀ¡pI F¶ `mcwlwkw Gsä-Sp¯v IWvUn-\- n-te¡v t]mIp-¶p. Za-b- n-bpsS \fm- n-em-jhpw kam- -c-ambn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-v. \f-Kp-W-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v tI«-dnª Z-a-bń tI«-dnª Za-bń Imam-Xn-lp-l-\-\n-Ê-l-bmbn, Bcm-a-k-©-cWw Xs¶ AXn-Zpx-J-Im-c-W-sa¶v ]dªv ]c-h-i--bm-bn- o-cp-¶p. lwk-t¯mSvXsâ at\m-cYw FÃmw Xpd¶p ]dª Za-b- n-sb, sN-¶nXp ]d-h³ \r]--t\m-S- n-emjw F¶mÂ\n¶n-ep-m-a-h\pw ]cn-tXmjw F¶v ]dªv B-iz-kn- n¨v lwkw aS-§n-t¸m-Ip-¶p. Za-b- o-\-f-·m-cpsS {]W-b-eX th-cq¶n ]pjvSn {]m]n-¡p-¶Xv lwk-Zu-Xy- n-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

AwKn-c-k-amb irwKm-c-s¯-t]m-jn- n-¡m³ aäp ck-§fpw {]bp-à-am-bn-«p-v. lwk-hn-em-]- nÂ IcpWw an¶Âs¡m-Sn-bn-d§n F¶p lwk-{]-th-i- nepw XnckvIc-Wo-bp-]-tbm-Kn¨v \f³Za-bó khn-[-sa- p-¶n-S¯pw kzbw-hc aWvU--]- nse tZh-·m-cpsS {]th-i- nepw Ah-cpsSA\p-{K-l- nepw AÛpXw, cm£-k-Zm-\-h-·m-cpsS kw`m-j-W- nÂ hoc-cu-{Z-§Ä, C{µm-Zn-I-tfm-SpÅ \fsâ hm¡p-I-fnÂ `àn, ChsbÃmw A\p-k-tÔ-b-am-Wv.kwKo-X-am-[pcn

kwKo-X- nepw \fN-cn-X- nsâ Øm\w ap³]- n-bnÂ Xs¶-bm-Wv. Cc-bn-½³ X¼n-bp-sSbpw tIm«-b- pÅ X¼p-cm-sâbpw B«-¡-Y-I-fnse Nne ]Z-§Ä Cu Awi- nÂ \f-N-cn-Xs¯AXn-i-bn-¡p-¶-Xmbn NneÀ¡v A`n-{]m-b-ap-v. ]t£ ChnsS asämcp kwKXn HmÀ½n-¡-Ww. Nn«{][m-\-amb B«-¡-Y-I-fnse ]Z-§-fpsS cwK-Xm-f-§fpw Bhn-jvI-c-Whpw Nn«-s -Sp- n-bn-«p-m-hpw. tIm«bw IY-Ifpw aäpw B coXn-bn-ep-Å-Xm-Wv. \f-N-cn-X- nse kwKoXw kmln-Xy-hp-am-bn-IqSn _Ô-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. ck `mh-§Ä¡-\p-kr-X-am-bn-«mWv AXnsâ \ne Ihn lrZ-b- nse hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-§-fp-ambn CW-§n-t¨À¶ kwKo-X-am-Wn-hn-sS-bp-Å-Xv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS B -cnI `m-h-§Ä Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m³ Cu kwKoXw kaÀ°-am-hp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. \f-N-cn-X-¯nsâ cwK-hn-P-b- n-\pÅ Imc-W-§-fnÂ H¶v AXnsâ kwKo-X-am-Wv. ‘IpWvVn\ \mb-I-\-µn-\n....; ‘{]nb-am-\-km.....’ ‘Im-e-{Xbpw IuXp-I.....’ ‘DuÀÖn-Xm-i-bm.....’ XpS§n kwKo-X-{]-[m-\-amb \nc-h[n ]Z-§Ä H¶mw Znh-ks¯ I-Y-bnÂ¯-s¶-bp-v.

IYm-]m-{X-§ÄB«-¡-Y-bnse IYm-]m-{X-§Ä km[m-c-W-bmbn shdpw amXrIIfm-Wv. AXp-sImv Ah-

bn-e-[n-Ihpw \nÀÖo-hhpw Bkzm-ZI lrZ-bs¯ BIÀjn-¡m¯hbpw BsW¶v Bt£-]-ap-v.IY-Ifn temIs¯ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ¡p-ÅnÂ \n¶p-sImv Xs¶ hyàn-Xz-apÅ IYm-]m-{X-§sf Ah-X-cn- n-¡m³ {]Xn- m-im-en-bmb Nne B«-¡-Ym-Im-c-·mÀ¡v Ign-ªn-«p-v. Ah-cnÂ BZyw kvacn-¡-s -tS-Xv D®mbn hmcy-cm-Wv. kq£va-X-tbmsSbpÅ IYm-]m{X krjvSn. \mS-Io-b-amb Ah-X-



cWw Ch-sImv ]qÀ®-X-bn-se¯n \nÂ¡p¶ B«-¡Y \f-N-cnXw am{X-am-Wv. IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS_mly-{]-Ir-Xn-bn-tesd B -cnI `mh-§Ä¡p {]m[m\yw \ÂIn-s¡m-pÅ Nn{XWw ]m{X-kr-jvSn-bnÂ Hcp \Ã ImÂh-bv¸m-bn-cp-¶p.

H¶mw Znhk¯nse IYm-]m-{X-§-sf-sbm¶v {i²n-¡mw. [otcm-Zm- -\m-b-Isâ kIe e£-W-§fpw XnI-ª-bm-fm-Wv \f-N-cn-X- nse \mb-I-\mb \f³. ‘B koÂ]p-cm....’ F¶v tÇmI- n-eq-sSbpw, ‘Ac-a-Xm-anXm IuXp-I....’ F¶ ]Z- n-eq-sSbpw \fsâ KpW-hn-ti-j-§-sfÃmw AhXcn-¸n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. t{]ahpw [À½hpw X½nÂ AsÃ-¦nÂ hnIm-chpw hnth-Ihpw X½nÂ DÅ kwL-«-\-¯nsâ IY-bmWv \fsâ Po-hn-Xw. Cu kwL-«-\- nsâ KXn XpS¡w apXte ImWmw. cmP-t{i-jvT-\mbn cmPy- mcw \nÀÆ-ln- n-cp¶ \f³ Za-b- n-bpsS KpW-K-W-§Ä tI«-tXmsS {]W-bm-[o-\-\m-bn-¯oÀ¶p. A§-s\-bn-cns¡bmWv \mc-Zsâ hchpw Z-a-b-ńsb `mcy-bm-¡m-\pÅ D]-tZ-ihpwAtXmsS \fsâ A\p-cmKw hÀ²n- p. A\p-cmK ]c-h-i-\mb \f³ cmPy- mcw a{ńsb Gev]n¨vDZym-\- n-se- n. Ahn-sS-h- pÅ lwk-ZÀi-\-- n-eqsS \fsâ A`n-emjw km[n-X-am-hm-\pÅ hgnsXfn-ªp. lwk-t¯m-SpÅ s]cp-amäw \f-\nse `qX-Z-bm-]-c-\mb cmPm-hn-s\-bmWv Im«n- -cp-¶-Xv.\fsâ kz`m-hn-ssh-injvSyw Gsd {]I-S-am-Ip-¶ Hcp kµÀ`-amWv At±lw tZ-h-Zq-X-\mbn Za-bókhn-X- n-se- p-¶-Xv. ssào Imap-I-\m-bn-cp-¶n«pw Hcp D¯-a-Zq-Xsâ IS-a-IÄ kaÀ°-ambn \nÀ-Æ-ln-¡p-¶-XnÂ \f³ {]I-Sn- n¨ XymKhpw [oc-Xbpw tZh-·m-sc-t¸mepw AÛp-X-s -Sp- n. tZh-·m-cpsS ]co£W§-sfÃmw AXn-Po-hn¨v \f³ Za-b- nsb hnhmlw sN¿p-Ibpw tZh-·m-cpsS A--\p-{K-l- n\v ]m{X-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

imeo-\-X, hn\-bw, HuZm-cyw, BZÀi-ip²n, [ocX apX-emb kZvKp-W-§-fpsS hnf-\n-e-amWv\mbn-I-bmb Za-b- n. \f-Kp-W-§Ä tI«v A\p-cm-K-]-c-h-i-bmb Za-bń tXmgn-am-tcm-sSm¯v DZym-\-¯n-se¯n {]Wbkm- -ey- n-\mbn tZh-Z-¼-Xn-am-scbpw ap\nKrln-Wn-am-scbpw hnfn¨v {]mÀ°n-¡p¶ Nn{X-amWv Ihn BZyw Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. DZym-\- n-se- nb lwk-s¯-¡v IuXpIw]qv AXns\ ]nSn-¡m-s\m-cp-§p¶ Za-bń buh\w h¶p-Zn- n«pw sNdp¸w sNdp-Xm-hm¯ {]Ir-X-amWv {]I-Sn- n-¡p-¶-Xv. lwkw \f-\-K-c- nÂ \n¶p hcp-¶-h-\m-sW¶dnª-tXm-sS, Ipe-I-\y-I-am-cmÂ lrZn Kpl-\obw hkvXp ]d-ªp-IqSm F¶-dn-bm-hp-¶-h-fm-bn«pw Xsâ \fm- n--emjw Za-bńshfn-s -Sp- n. Ah-fpsS A\p-cm-K-ZmÀVyw, Bß-ss[cyw, ]Xn-{h-Xm-hn-ip²n Ch-sbÃmw {]Xy-£-am-Ip¶ Ah-k-c-amWv \fsâ tZh-Zu-Xy--cw-Kw. tZh-Zq-X-\mb \fsâ {]tem- -\-§fpw òj-Wn-bp-sam¶pw Za-b- n-bpsS ASp¯v hne-t¸m-bn-Ã. kzbw-hc aWvU-]- nÂ h¨v tZh-·mÀ \S- nbAán-]-co-£bpw Za-b- nbv¡v AXn-Po-hn-¡m³ Ign-ªXv Ah-fpsS Nmcn-{X-ip²n sImm-Wv. tZh-·m-tcm-SpÅ Za-b- n-bpsS {]mÀ°-\-bnÂ ssZ\y- nsâ kzc-aÃ adn¨v hnip-²n-sIm-pÅ ss[cy-amWv sXfn-bp-¶-Xv. AtXm-sS-bmWv {]km-Zn¨ tZh-·mÀ {]Xy-£-cmbn A-\p-{Klw \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

H¶mwZnh-k- nse asämcp IYm-]m-{X-amWv lwkw. DuÀÖn-Xm-i-b\pw hnZ-Kv[-\p-amb HcpAa-c-J-K-h-c-\mbn hmcyÀ lwks¯ Nn{Xo-I-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv HuZmcyw, \bNm-Xp-cn, a\p-jy-lr-Z--b-Úm-\w, \nkzmÀ°-amb ]tcm-]-Im-c-X-ev]-c-X Ch-sbm-s¡-bmWv lwk- nÂ ImWp¶ KpW-hn-ti-j-§Ä. cm-Pmhv AXns\ tamNn- n- -tX-bp-Åq, cmPm-hn\v D-]-Imcw sN¿m³ k¶-²-\mbn lwkwAt±-l- nsâ ASp-s¯-¯n-¡-gn-ªp. Za-b- n-bpsS KpW-K-W-§Ä hÀ®n- p-tIÄ¸n¨p \fs\{]oXn-s -Sp- pI am{X-a-Ã, Ahsf \f-\nÂ A\p-cm-Kn-Wn-bm-¡m-\pÅ `mchpw lwkw Gsä-Sp- p.IWvUn-\- n-se DZym-\- nse¯p¶ Ah³ F{X hnZ-Kv[-am-bmWv Xsâ ZuXyw \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xv.C\n-sbm-cSn \S-¶mÂ In«pta ssI¡-se¶p Za-b- n¡p tXm¶- -¡-hn[w \S¶v Ahsf tXmgn-am-cnÂ \n¶Iän kc-k-ambn kw`m-j-W-am-cw- n- p. Za-bńbpsS \fm- n-emjw Ah-fpsS tNjvS-I-fnÂ\n¶-dn-bpIam{X-a-Ã, hmNm]n ]d-bn-s¨m-¶n-f¡n h¨p-d- n- nt« Ac-b¶w AhnsS \n¶p t]mcp-¶p-Åq. AXp-sIm-mWv ‘kÔn- n-t¨³ Xh Jep-a\w ssàn-X³ am\-k-t¯m-Sn-{µ³ Xmt\ hcn-In-en-fIm’ F¶v ss[cy-ambn \f-t\mSv ]d-bm³ km[n- -Xv.

Gj-Wnbv¡v \S-t¸³ Rm³ Ggp cp temI- nepw F¶p ]d-ªp-sIm-p-h-cp¶ \mc-



Z³, C{µm-Z-IÄ, cm£-k-Zm-\-h-·mÀ, òa-a-lm-cm-Pmhv, kc-kz-Xo-tZhn C§s\ H¶mw Znh-ks¯IY-bnÂ {]Xy-£-s -Sp¶ IYm-]m-{X-§Äs¡Ãmw khn-ti-j-amb hyàn-Xz-am-Wp-Å-Xv.

D®m-bn-hm-cy-cpsS IYm-]m-{XkrjvSnsb-¡p-dn v ]d-bp-t¼mÄ Hcp kµÀ`w {]tXyIw FSp¯p]d-tb--Xp-v. Im«m-fsâ D]-{Z-h- nÂ \n¶v Hcp hn[w c£-s¸« Za-bń bm{X Xp-SÀ¶v At¸m-gmWv Ipd- -Ise Hcp I -hS kwLw \o§p-¶Xv Za-b- n-bpsS {i²bnÂs -«-Xv. B P\-kw-Ls¯e£y-am¡n \S¶p sNÃp¶ Za-b- nsb Iv Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-sa- m-bn-cps¶t¶m!

‘t]h-¶o-Sp--¶n-sX-¶mÀ Nne s]cp-h-gn-t]mþ¡¯n-\-s¶-¶p-tI-NnÂ

`mhw t\m¡n-±-bm-hm-\-h-sf-S- n-Zt[Xky-kmÀ°-ky-\m-Y³’

C§s\ BÄ¡q-«- nÂ \n¶v Bfp-I-fpsS X-c-t`-Z-§sf hm¡p-sImv [z\n- n- n--«p-ÅXvIhn-bpsS ]m{X-c-N-\-bn-epÅ {i²-bpsS ê-am-sW¶v Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ Nqn-¡m-Wn--¡p-¶p.\mS-Io-bX

aäv B«-¡-Y-bnÂ \n¶v \f-N-cn-Xs¯ thÀXn-cn¨p \nÀ¯p¶ {][m-\-s¸« Hcwiw \mS-It¯mSpÅ AXnsâ ASp- -amWv F¶p IcpXn kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-§-fpsS N«-¡q-«nÂ \f-N-cn-Xs¯Xf- n-Sm-s\m-cp-§p-¶Xv kml-k-am-bn-cn-¡pw. IYm-L-S-\, ck-Kpw- -\w, IYm-]m-{X-kr-jvSn, kwLÀjm-ß-IX Ch-bn-seÃmw \f-N-cn-X- n\v \mS-I-km-Zr-iy-am-Wp-Å-Xv.

apJw, {]Xn-ap-Jw, KÀ`w, hna-iw, \nÀÆ-lWw F¶o ]©-k-Ôn-IÄ \f-N-cn-X- nsâ IYm-L-S-\-bnepw ka-\z-bn-¡mw. lwkw \f-t\mSv ktµ-i-I-Y\w sN¿p-¶Xp hsc apJ-k-Ôn-bp-sS-bpw ]pjv-XIcsâNqXp-hsc {]Xn-ap-J-k-Ôn-bp-sSbpw NqXp-ap-XÂ Im«nÂ h¨pÅ thÀ]mSp hsc KÀ -k-Ôn-bp-sSbpw,thÀ]m-Sn\p tijw EXp-]À®³sc ]p\Àhn-hml Ka\w hsc hnaÀi\ kÔn-bp-sSbpw ]p\Àhn-hm-l-K-a\w apXÂ Ah-km\w hsc \nÀÆ-l-W-k-Ôn-bp-sSbpw e£-W-§Ä Is- mw.

IYm-L-S-\-sb kw_-Ôn-s -¶-Xp-t]mse ck-Kpw- -\- nepw \f-N-cn-X- nÂ \mS-I-Zr-iy-§-fp-v. CtX-¡p-dn¨v bix-i-co-c-\mb sI.-sI. cmPm ]d-ªn-«pÅ A`n-{]mbw C§-s\-bmWv; \f-N-cn-X- nÂ \mbnIm \mb-I-·mÀ AhcpsS DÂ¡Àj- n-\p-thn bXv\n-¡p¶ \mcZ lwk-tZ-hm-Zn-IÄ, {]Xn-\m-b-I³ Ahsâ klm-bn-IÄ C§-s\-bpÅ ]m{X-§-fpsS {]hr- n-I-fpsS ê-ambnAh-km-\- nÂ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-·m-cpsS cXn F¶ Ømbo `mhw sXfnªp hnf-§p-¶p. Cu cXn]c-kv]c KpW-{i-h-W- mÂ Cuj-Zp-·n-jn-X-ambn lwk-Zq-Xn-\mepw \mc-tZm-]-tZ-i- mepw Ønc-ambn Ipd- p-Imew hÀ²-am-\-am-bn- o-cp-¶p. C{µm-Zn-IÄ¡p-th-n-bpÅ ZuXyw apX-emb hnLv\-§Ä¡p-tijw ]qÀÆm-[nIw hnI-kn¨v hnhm-l-cw-K- nÂ h¨v ên-¡p-¶p. A\- cw kwt`m-Km-h-

Øn-bnÂ Aev]Imew tim`n-¡p-¶p. cmPy-{`w-i- n\p tij-apÅ hymtam-l-sa¶ hntcm-[n- m-h- mÂXnc-kvIr-X-am-Ip-¶p. A\- cw alÀjn-am-cpsS Bin-Ên-\mepw, ImÀt¡m-S-Isâ Bin-Ên-\mepwDmb Bisb B{i-bn¨v a§n an¶n¡nS¶ cXn, Ien-_m-[-bm-Ip¶ hymtamlw XoÀ¶-t¸mÄA[nIw tim`n-¡p-¶p. CXv hopw ]p\-Ê-am-K-a- nÂ kwt`m-K-irw-Km-c-am-bn- s¶ ]cn-W-an-¡p-¶p. C§s\ BZn-ap-XÂ Ah-km\w hsc NqXn\p hnfn-bnse hocw, lwk-hn-em] Za-b- n-hn-em-]m-Zn-I-fnse Icp-Ww, Ien-tbm-SpÅ \f-hm-Iy- nÂ cu{Zw, hmÀjvtW-jb hmIy-amb Bc¿m.... F¶kµÀ`- nÂ AÛpXw F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ AwK-c-k-§-tfmSp IqSnb irwKmc ck- n-esâ KXn-bnÂ \mS-Io-b-amb Hcp cmam-Wo-bIw hnf-bm-Sn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶p.\f-N-cn-X- nse ]m{X-kr-jvSn-bnepw \mS-Io-bX \Ã-Xp-t]mse hyà-am-Ip-¶p-v. hmcy-cpsS \f³

‘ ‘{]JymX hwtim cmPÀjnx[otcm-Zm¯ {]Xm-]-hm³Znthym-Y-Zn-hy-Znhym hmKpW-hm³ \mb-tIm-aXx’

F¶ e£-W-{]-Imcw [otcm-Zm- -\m-sW-¦nepw e£-W-sam- n-¡m³ thn a\p-jy-km-[m-c-W-§-fmb hnIm-c-§sf AS-¡p-¶n-Ã. Za-bń, Ipeo-\-X-bnÂ If¦w ]äm-Xn-cn-¡m³ {i²n-¨n-«p-



s¦nepw Ic-bm³ aSn-¡p-¶n-Ã. \mc-Z³, lwkw XpS-§nb IYm-]m-{X-§sf t\m¡n-bmepw khn-ti-j-amb hyàn-Xz-t¯msS Ah-X-cn- n-¡m³ Ihn {i²n- n-«ps¶v t_m[y-am-Ipw.

\mS-Io-bX hÀ²n- n-¡p¶ apJy-amb Hcp Awi-amWv kwLÀjm-ß-I-X. A´x-kw-LÀjhpw_mly-kw-LÀjhpw amdn amdn A\p- -h-s -Sp¶ cwK-§-fm-[n-Ipw. \f-\nÂ A\p-cm-tKm-Z-b- nsâXpS¡w A´x-kw-LÀj- nsâbpw XpS¡w Ipdn-¡p-¶p. Cu kwLÀjw hnhm-l-cwKw hsc ]eL«-§-fn-embn hnImkw {]m]n-¡p-¶p-v. Za-b- n-bpsS a\-Ênepw kwLÀj- nsâ Xcw-K-§ÄDbÀ¶p hcp-¶p-v. H¶mw Znh-ks¯ IY-bnÂ Cu A´x-kw-LÀjw AXnsâ ]mc-ay- n-se- p-¶Xv tZh-Zq-X-\mb \f\pw Za-b- nbpw Ip-ap-«p¶ cwK- n-em-Wv. Xm\m-sc¶v shfn-s -Sp- msXImap-In-bpsS ASp¯v sN¶v asäm-cmsf `À¯m-hmbn kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶v ]d-tb-n-h-cp¶ \fsâa\-Êv, Nmcn-{X-ip-²n-bp-Å-h-fm-bn«pw tZh-·m-cpsS ]co-£-W- n\p hnt[-b-am-Ip¶ Za-b- n-bpsSa\-Êv, cpw kwLÀj-]q-cn-X-am-Wv.

\mepZnh-ks¯ IYsb \me-¦-ambpw tÇmI-§sf cwK-hn-tÑ-Z-I-§-fm-bn«pw Icp-Xp-¶-Xm-bmÂ C¶s¯ \mS-I-§-fpsS Iq«- nepw \f-N-cnXw IY-I-fnbv¡p {]th-i-ap-m-Ipw. \mc-Z³kz]v\-h-hm-k-h-Z- - nse buK-Ô-cm-b-W-s\-t¸mse IYm-\nÀÆm-l-I-\m-Wv. \f-N-cnXw aqe- nseIen Im¯p-\nÂ¡p¶ ]{´p sImÃs¯ IYbpw, Za-b- n-bpsS kzmÀ°-hm-l-I-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpÅZoÀL-bm-{Xbpw hnh-cn- n-«n-sÃ-¶n-cns¡ ØeIm-em-\p-cq]yw Ign-bp-¶n-S-t¯mfw hcp- p-hm³ hmcyÀ{i²n- n-«p-s¶v hnNm-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. LS-\, ckw, ]m{X-krjvSn, kw`-h sshNn{Xyw, _mly-kz-cq-]w F¶n-h-bnÂ \mS-I-t¯mSv GXm-smcp kwPmXyw \f-N-cnXw IY-I-fn-bv¡p-v.(sI.sI cmPm)

A`n-\b tbmKyX\f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y-bpsS A`n-\-b-tbm-Ky-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v C¶v c- n-{]m-b-an-Ã. F¶mÂ Hcp

Ime¯v tIm«bw IrXn-IÄ t]mse Nn«-{]-[m-\-amb IY-I-fn-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXXv \f-N-cnXwIfn-b-c-§nÂ ]cm-P-b-amWv F¶v hn[n-sb-gp-Xnb ]WvUn-X-·mÀ Xs¶bpm-bn-cp-¶p. ‘ap{Z ImWn-¡m³ kuI-cy-ap-Å-hn[w EPp-hmb ]Z-§-fn-Ã, A\zb t¢iw \S-·msc hnj-an- n-¡pw. A`n-\-b-¯n\p X¡ hI-bn-Ã, thj-ssh-hn-[y- n\p th{X Øm\-anÃ’ C§s\ Ipsd Imc-W-§-fmWvC¡q-«À ]d-ªXv \f-N-cnXw \mep-Zn-h-ks¯ IYbpw cwK¯v H¶m- -c-ambn hnP-bn-¡p¶p F¶ph¶-tXmsS ap³]-dª Btcm-]-W-§-sfÃmw ASn-Øm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW¶p sXfn-ªp.

Hcp IY tim`n-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ LS-I-§Ä ]e-Xm-Wv. sshhn-²y-amÀ¶ cwK-§-fpsSkar-²n-bmWv AXn-sem-¶v. \f-\m-c-Z-k-am-K-aw, \fsâ Bß-K-Xw, DZym-\w, lwkhpw \f\pw, IpWvUn-\- nse DZym-\w, lwkhpw Za-b- nbpw, lwkw \fsâ Acn-InÂ, \mc-Z³ kzÀ¤- nÂ, C{µm-Zn-IÄ \fs\ ImWp-¶p, \f³ tZh-Zq-X-\mbn Za-b- n-bpsS ASp- v, \f³ C{µm-Zn-I-tfmSv ZqXnsâhnhcw Adn-bn-¡p-¶p, cm£-k-Zm-\-h-·mÀ kzbw-hc aWvU]w C§s\ H¶n-s\m¶v sXm«v sshhn-[y-amÀ¶ cwK-§-fmWv H¶mw Znh-ks¯ IY-bn-ep-f-f-Xv.

thj-ssh-hn-[y-amWv asämcp LS-Iw, \f³, oa³, C{µ³ (]- ), ba³ (I-dp- -I¯n), lwkw(ap-J¯v {]tXy-I-amb tX¸pw sIm¡pw), \mc-Z³ (an-\p-¡v), Za-b- n, tXmgn (an-\p-¡v), cm£-k-Zm-\-\-h-·mÀ (I- n, XmSn) C§s\ kmam\yw sshhn-[y-amb thj-§Ä H¶mw Znh-k- n-ep-v.

kwL-«-\m-ß-I-X-bmWv cwK-hn-P-b- n-\pÅ asämcp LS-Iw, IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS B -cnIkwLÀj-t -¡mÄ _mlykwL-«-\- n\p {]m[m\yw sImSp- -h-cmWv an¡ B«-¡-Ym-Im-c-·m-cpw.\f-N-cn-X- nepw _mly-kw-L-«-\- n\p Øm\-ap-v. H¶mw Znh-ks¯ IY-bnÂ cm£-k-·mcpwAkp-c-·mcpw kzbw-h-c- n-s\- p¶ kµÀ`w Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡mw. F¶mÂ AXn-tesd IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS am\-knI kwLÀj- n\p {]m[m\yw sImSp¯p F¶-XmWv ]c-amÀ°w, ]c-kv]c KpW-{i-h-W- mÂ A\p-cm-K-]-c-h-imcn¯oÀ¶ \f-sâ-bpw Za-b- n-bp-sSbpw a\Êv hnhm-l-cwKw hsckwLÀj- -cn-X-am-bmWv hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. tZh-Zq-X-\mb \f\pw Za-b- nbpw Ip-ap-«p¶ kµÀ`-amWv H¶mw Znh-k- nse Gähpw hnIm-c-\nÀ`-c-amb cwKw.

aäv B«-¡-Y-IÄ t]mse \f-N-cnXw A`n-\-bn-¡m³ km[n-¡pI-bnÃ F¶Xp icn-bm-Wv. Nn«{][m-\-amb IY-I-fn-eqsS am{Xw ]cn-N-bn¨p hcp-¶-hÀ \f-N-cn-X¯nse¯pt¼mÄ ]cm-P-b-s -Sp-Itb DÅq. ]t£ AXn\v Ipä-s -Sp-t¯-Xv \f-N-cn-X-t¯-bmtWm Ft¶ kwi-b-ap-Åq. aäp IY-I-fnÂ I¿pw Imepw (ap-{Zbpw Iem-i-hpw) aXn-sb-¦nÂ \f-N-cn-X- nÂ apJhpw I®p-amWv th-Xv.



`mhm- n-\-b- n-\mWv ChnsS ap³ssI. \f³, Za-b- n, lwkw, \mc-Z³ ChÀs¡Ãmw A`n-\-bn-¡m³ hI-bp-v. \f-N-cn-X- nsâ kwKo-X-am-[p-cnbpw AXnsâ cwK-hn-P-b- n\p klm-b-I-am-bn-«p-v.

\f-N-cnXw B«-¡-Y-sb-¡p-dn¨v F.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ ]d-ªn-«pÅ A`n-{]mbw C{]-Im-c-am-Wv.- kwKo-X-km-ln-Xy-§Ä cpw H¶p-t]mse ]e amXn-cn-bnepw \bn-¡m-hp-¶-Xn-\m-epÅ kÀÆtXm-·p-J-X, {]Ir-Xn-kn-²-amb Kmw`o-cyw, DZm-c-amb _Ôw, kzI-t]m-e-I-ev]n-X-§-fmb \qX-\- w-Kn-IÄ,Btem-Nn-¡p-t´mdpw Ah-km-\n-¡msX \op t]mIp¶ hywKymÀ°- nsâ _mlpeyw, {]tbmKsshNn-{Xy-§-fm-epÅ hypÂ]mZ-IX FÃm hnj-b- n-ep-apÅ t£mZ-£-a-X, CXp-IÄ \f-N-cn-Xs¯aWn-{]-hmf IrXn-I-fnÂ {]Y-a-K-W-\o-b-am-¡n- -a¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

samUypÄ 4IrjvW-KmY

]m«v F¶ kmln-Xy-cq-]- nsâ ]mc-¼cykz`m-h- nÂ\n¶p sXsÃm¶p hyXn-N-en¨v ip² ae-bm-f- nÂ, ISw-sIm-Åm¯ hr¯- nÂ \nÀ½n¨ IrXn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y. tIc-f- nse BZys¯alm-Im-hy-ambn Cu IrXnsb Icp-Xp-¶p. tIc-fo-b-cpsS Pohn-X- nepw ae-bmf Imhy- m-j-bnepw\nÀWm-b-I-amb kzm[o-\w sNep- p-hm³ Cu IrXn¡p Ign-ªp. efnXkwkvIr-X-]-Z-§fpw ip²ae-bmf]Z-§fpw tImÀ¯n-W-¡n-bn-«p-Å-XmWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse `mjm-ssi-en (kzÀ¤m-tcm-lW IY-bnÂ kwkvIrXk¼-¶-amb `mj ImWp-¶p). aWn-{]-hmf kmln-Xy- nsâ A -ssÝ-X-\yhpwkwkvIrX{]`mhw Ipdª efn-X-tIm-a-f-amb ]Zm-h-en-bp-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bnÂ kmÀÆ-{Xn-I-ambnImWp-¶-Xv.

]m«p-{]-Øm-\- nsâ hfÀ -bpsS L«- nse IrXn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y. cma-N-cn-X- nÂ\n¶p\ncWw IrXn-I-fn-eqsS hnI-kn- p-h¶ ]m«p-km-ln-Xy- nsâ ASp- -I-®n-bm-Wn-Xv. ]m«p-km-lnXyw\qX-\-amb Hcp ]Ùmhp Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv ChnsS \mw ImWp-¶p. `mjm-]-c-ambn I®-È-·m-cpsSIrXn-I-fnÂ\n¶pw Gsd amä-§Ä Cu IrXn-bnÂ ImWmw. ]g-a-bpsS Awiw amdn ip² ae-bmfImhy-`mj cq]-s -Sp-¶-Xnsâ e£-W-§Ä Cu IrXn-bn-ep-v. IrjvW-Km-Y-bnÂ P\-Iob Km\-hr- -§-



fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-amb aRvPcn hr¯w D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse emfn-Xy- nsâ kuµcyw{it²-b-am-Wv. \ap¡p \jvS-s¸« \Ã ae-bmf ]Z-§-fpsS BIm-c-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y. {]uV-amb ]pcm-W-I-Y-bpsS Kmw`ocyw tNmÀ¶p-t]m-ImsX Bhn-jvI-cn-¡phm³ ae-bmf mjbv¡p Ign-bp-sa¶v BZy-ambn sXfn-bn¨ IrXn-bmbn CXns\ Icp-Xmw. `mjm-N-cn-{X-hn-ZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v Ah-K-Wn-¡m-\m-hm¯{KÙ-am-Wn-Xv.

Imhy-\maw þ Ihn, Imew.

IrjvW-Km-Ysb kw_-Ôn- n-S-t¯mfw {KÙ-\m-aw, {KÙ-IÀ¯mhv F¶nh XÀ¡-hn-j-b-§-fm-Wv.Cu Imhy- n\p IrjvW-Km-Y, IrjvW- m-«v, sNdp-tÈ-cn, sNdp-tÈ-cn-KmY F¶n-§s\ ]e \ma-§fpw\evI-s -«n-«p-v. F¦nepw IrjvW-Km-Y-sb-¶XmWv kmÀÆ-{Xn-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

D¯-c-tIcf- nÂ hS-Ic tZi¯p sNdp-tÈcn CÃs¯ Hcp \¼q-Xn-cn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y-mIm-c-s\¶v ]n. tKmhn-µ- n-Åbpw ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W- n-Åbpw ]d-bp-¶p. sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W³ \¼ymÀ,IpqÀ \mcm-bW tat\m³ F¶n-hÀ ]p\w \¼q-Xn-cn-bmWv KmYm IÀ¯mhv F¶ A`n-{]m-b-¡m-cm-Wv. cmam-bWw N¼p-hnsâ IÀ¯m-hmb ]p\w \¼q-Xn-cnbpw IrjvW-KmYm IÀ¯m-hmb sNdp-tÈ-cnbpw HcmÄ¯-s¶-bm-sW¶ A`n-{]m-bhpw Ah-X-cn- n-¡-s -Sp-I-bp-mbn. F¶mÂ CXn\p{]Xy-£-amb sXfn-hp-I-sfm-¶p-an-Ã. IrjvW-KmYmIÀ¯mhv sNdp-tÈcn \¼q-Xncn BsW-¶-XmWvC¶p s]mXp-hnÂ AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

tIme- ncn cmPm-hmb DZ-b-hÀ½sâ B{in-X-\m-bn-cp¶p sNdp-tÈ-cn. At±-l- nsâ BÚ-{]-Im-c-amWv KmY cNn- -sX¶v ""BÚbm tIme- q-]ky {]mÚ-tkym-Z-b -hÀ½Wx-Ir-Xmbmw IrjvW-Km-Y-bmw....'' F¶p IrXn-bnÂ ImWp-¶-XnÂ\n¶p hyà-am-Ip¶p. DZ-b-hÀ½-bpsS `c-W-Imew F.-Un. 1446 apXÂ 1475 hsc-bm-sW¶p hyà-am-¡-s -«n-«p-v. AXn-\mÂ 15-þmw \qäm-nse IrXn-bmWvIrjvW-Km-Y-sb¶p a\-Ên-em-¡mw.

CXn-hr¯w

KmYm hr¯- nÂ (aRvPcn) 8266 Cuc-Sn-I-fp-Å-XmWv sNdp-tÈcn IrXn. `mK-hXw Zi-a-kvI-µ-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS apJym-h-ew-_w. `mK-h-X- nse GIm-Z-i-kvI-µ-s¯bpw alm- m-c-X- nseBZn-þ-au-k-e-þ-a-lm-{]-Øm-\-þ-kzÀKm-tcm-lW ]Àh-§-sfbpw kµÀ`m-\p-k-cWw IrjvW-Km-Ym-Im-c³ cN-\bv¡v B{i-b-am-¡n-bn-«p-v. IrjvW-I-Ysb Bkv]-Z-am¡n ap³]pw ]n³]pw h¶ Imhy-§Äs¡m¶pw In«m¯ P\-{]oXn IrjvW-Km-Ybv¡p e`n- Xv AXnse `mj-bpsS emfnXyw, kc-k-amb {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssien F¶n-h-aq-e-am-Wv. D¯-c-tI-c-f- nÂ Cu IrXn hnti-j-Zn-h-k-§-fnÂ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-h-¶n-cp-¶p.

IrjvW-KmY: aX-t -Z-§Ä

sI. tKmZ-hÀ½ : kwkvIrX hn`IvXy -§-fmb ]Z-§sf Iq«n-¡-eÀ¯n tIc-f- n-ep-mb aWn-{]-hmf {]Øm-\s¯ ]cn-t]m-jn- n-¡p-hm-\m-bn-cp-¶nÃ IrjvW-KmYmIÀ¯m-hnsâ Dt±-iyw. Nnse-S-s¯-¦nepw mjm-kw-kvIr-X-tbm-K-amb aWn-{]-hm-f- nsâ kz`mhw {]I-Sn- n-¡p¶ps¦nepw {]mk-¯n-\p-thn {]tbm-Kn- n-«pÅ kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§sf Hgn-hm-¡n-bmÂ IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse `mj {]Ir-jvS-amb ssIc-fo-ssN-X-\yw-sImv `mkp-c-am-Wv.

Sn.-]n. _me-Ir-jvW³ \mbÀ : {]uV-a-Wn-{]-hmfIhn-I-fpsS Ime-L-«- n-emWv Pohn-¨-sX-¦nepwsNdp-tÈcn Fgp-Xn-bXv Hcp P\-Io-b-a-lm-Im-hy-am-Wv. Ffn-b-`m-j, Ffn-b-h-cpsS Pohn-Xw, D¯-c-tI-c-f-¯nsâ \mS³ssien Ch-sbÃmw IrjvW-Km-Y-bnÂ ImWmw (alm-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\w).

Sn. `mkvI-c³ : \mS³]m-«nsâ ss\kÀKn-I-Xbpw aWn-{]-hm-f- nse AÀYm-e-¦mc _mlp-eyhpw]m«nsâ i_vZ-hn-\ymk sshNn-{Xyhpw H¯n-W-§nb IrXn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y (Ir-jvW-Km-Ym-]-T-\-§Ä).

Fw. eoem-hXn : IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse `mjbpw \ncWw IrXn-bnse `mjbpw X½nÂ Gsd A -c-ap-v. kam\ Ime-L-«- nsâ krjvSn-IÄ F¶ \nebv¡v Ahsb kao-]n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah-bpsS sshPm-Xys¯ hymJym-\n-¡m³ tZi-t`-Z-sa¶ Hcp-]m-[n-b-ÃmsX asä-s -¦n-ep-ap-m-Ip-sa¶p tXm¶p-¶n-Ã.... `mjm-an{iw F¶p hnNm-cn-¡m-hp¶nSt¯mfw aWn-{]-hmf ssien IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-en-Ã. F¶p-h¨p kwkvIrX ]Z-§Ä H«pw hÀÖn- n-«p-an-Ã. (a-e-bmf IhnXm kmlnXy Ncn{Xw: 1980)



Nm -\m¯v ANyp-X-\p®n : .... IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS `mjm-inev]w aWn-{]-hm-fw, ]m«v, \mS³]m«vF¶o aq¶v kmln-Xy-[m-c-I-fp-sSbpw kwtbm-P-\- nÂ\n-¶p-ap-bnÀsIm \qX-\-amb Hcp cq]kwhn-[m-\-am-Ip-¶p. AXv Htc-k-abw ]g-b-Xnsâ kzm`m-hn-I-amb XpSÀ¨bpw hyà-amb sshe£Wyw]peÀ¯p¶ hyXy-kvX-am-sbmcp Imhy ]mc-¼-cy- nsâ \hm-h-Xm-c-hp-am-Wv. (hmMvabw: 1999)

hn.-BÀ. {]t_m-[-N-{µ³ : ....-a-lm-Im-hy-aq-ibpw \mS³ioepw X½n-epÅ thgvN: {]mtZ-in-Iw, kmaq-ln-Iw, PmXn-a-XmZn \njvTw F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ D]- m-jm-hn- m-K-§Ä, sNdp-tÈ-cn-bpsS X³sam-gn, kÀtÆm-]cn Nne hne-£-W-X-IÄ þ Ch-sbm-s¡-¡q-Sn-B-g- nepw ]c- nepw ]cn-tim-[n- p-sIm-p-Å \nc- -c-amb ]p\Àhm-b-\-bn-eqsS am{Xta IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS X\na hyà-am-Iq. (sN-dp-tÈcn : 1999).

`mjm khn-ti-j-X-IÄ

IrjvW-Km-Ym- m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fmbn mjm-K-th-j-IÀ Nqn-¡m-Wn- n-«pÅ hkvXp-X-IÄCh-bm-Wv.

1. ]WvUn-X-c-Ãm¯ km[m-c-W-¡m-sc-¡qSn BIÀjn-¡p-¶Xv AXnse ae-bm-fn¯w Xpfp¼p-¶ mjm-ssi-en-bm-Wv. efn-X-]-Z-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn- p-sImv hyh-lm-c- m-j-bpsS X\na Bthmfw ]peÀ¯n-s¡m-pw \mS³]m-«p-I-fpsS Bhn-jvI-c-W-coXn A\p-I-cn-¨p-sIm-p-apÅ {]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-bmWvIrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS _lp-P-\-{]o-Xn¡p Imc-Ww.

(F) hyh-lm-c- m-j-bpsS X\n-a-bpÅ ]Z-{]-tbm-K-§ÄImÿ (Im- n-b), sIm¶p (sIm-p-h-¶p), s]m§o«v (s]m-§n-bn-«v), I¿o¶v (I¿nÂ \n-¶v)

(_n)\mS³]m-«p-I-fpsS Bhn-jvI-cW coXn-tbm-Sn-W-§nb {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssien

2. {]Nm-c- nÂ \n¶p amªp-t]mb ]e ]Z-§fpw IrjvW-Km-Y-bnÂ¡m-Wmw.

am¬]v (ku-µ-cyw), HmÀ¨ (hn-Nm-cw) XpS-§nb \macq-]-§fpw amgvIpI (k-¦-S-s -Sp-I),HmcpI(A-dn-bp-I) XpS-§nb {Inbm-cq-]-§fpw A¡q-«- nÂs -Sp-¶p.

3. hymI-c-W-]-c-ambpw Nne khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ImWp-¶p.

(F) hnti-jmÀ°sam¶p-an-ÃmsX CXp/CuXp, DXp/DuXp tNÀ¶ {Inbm-cq-]-§Ä

(_n) C¶s¯ `mj-bnÂ ]n³hn-\-sb¨w hcp¶ CS-§-fnÂ \Sp-hn-\-b- -{]-tbm-K-§-fmb t]mI- ¯p-S-§n, sNmÃ- p-S§n F¶nh ImWp-¶p.

(kn)\ntj-[-cq-]-§-fmb \evtI³, hmcm-sX, ImWm-bn¶p F¶n-h.

(Un)k¦p-NnX cq]-§Ä. DZm-l-cWw: Bw (B-Ipw), t]mw (t]m-Ipw).

4. kwkvIr-X- nse hn`-àn-{]-Xy-b-§Ä tNÀ¶ cq]-§Ä Ipd-hm-Wv. DZm-l-cWw: BØbm,aµn-tc, tamtZ-\.

A[nIw {]Nm-c- n-en-Ãm¯ Nne kwkvIrX ]Z-§Ä ImWp-¶p. DZm-l-cWw : B{ih (A-\pk-c-W-io-e-ap-Å-hÄ), c¦p (Ir-jvW-ar-Kw).

5. e£ymÀ°w kqNn- n-¡m³ A½m-dp, t\m¡n F¶nh tNÀ¯pÅ {]tbm-K-§Ä.

6. BhÀ¯\ {]tbm-K-§Ä.DZm-l-cWw : Nnń¨p Nnń- v, sh´p-sh- v, ]ns¶- ns¶.

IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS mjm khn-ti-j-X-I-fnÂ Nne-Xm-Wn-h. s]mXpth sI«p-d¸pw {]uVnbpanÃm¯`mjm-ssi-en-bmWv ImWp-¶-Xv. ssien-bnse ssiYn-eyw, aäp Nne kz`m-h-§-tfm-sSm¸w IrXnsbDZm¯ cN-\-sb¶ ]cn-K-W-\-bv¡\Àl-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

- -

`mjm-h-tem-I\w

IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse mj AXp-hsc Imhy- m-j-bnÂ \ne-\n¶ Xangv þ k¦-c-co-Xn-bnÂ\n¶p XoÀ¯pwapà-am-Wv. B \ne-bnÂ \½psS Imhy-N-cn-{X- nse BZys¯ ip² ae-bm-f-IrXn F¶ hnti-jWw Cu IrXn¡p s]mcp- -s -Sp-¶p. kwkvIr-X-a-dn-bm-hp¶ aWn-{]-hmfckn-IÀ¡p-th-n-bÃAÚ-cm-bp-tÅmsc Dt±-in- mWv IrXn cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-sX¶v cma-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw aäpw shfn-s -Sp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse KmYm-Im-c\pw hyà-am-¡n-bn-«p-v. F¶mÂ kwkvIrX {à- nÂ\n¶p ]qÀ®-ambpw amdn-\n-ev¡m³ Ign-ªn-«p-an-Ã. "kzÀ¤m-tcm-lW¯nÂ' kwkvIr-X-k-¼-¶-amb mj-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.



aWn-{]-hmf IrXn-IÄ kPo-h-am-bn-cp¶ Hcp Ime-L-«- n-emWv IrjvWKm-Ym-Im-c³ Pohn- n-cp-¶-Xv. ]t£, aWn-{]-hm-f- nsâ {]`m-h- n\p ]qÀ®-ambpw ASn-s -«-Xp-an-Ã. F¦nÂ¯-s¶bpw `àn-t]m-j-I-§-fmb ]m«p-Ir-Xn-bnÂ aWn-{]-hm-f- nsâ Nne kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ka-\z-bn- n-¡m³At±lw aSn- n-Ã. hyh-lmc mj-tbmtSähpw ASp¯ ssien-bmWv At±lw Ihn-X-bnÂ D]-tbm-Kn-

-Xv. A§s\ hn`-ày- -§-fmb kwkvIrX ]Z-§-fpsS [mcm-fn¯w IeÀ¶ N¼p {]_-Ô-§-fn-eq-sSbpw aäpw {]N-cn- p-h¶ A\- -c-Ime aWn-{]-hm-f- n\v Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bpbÀ¯pI-bm-bn-cp¶pKmYm-Im-c³. B[p-\nI e£-W-§Ä ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnÂ BZyw kv^pcn- n- Xv sNdp-tÈ-cn-bm-Wv.

IrjvW-KmY \mtSmSn ae-bm-f-t¯m-SmWv B`n-apJyw ]peÀ¯p-¶-sX¶v Hä hmb-\-bnÂ¯s¶t_m[y-am-Ipw. `mjm coXn-bnepw hr¯- n-ep-sams¡ hS-¡³ ]m«p-I-tfm-SpÅ ASp¸w {it²-b-am-Wv. ]m«v, aWn-{]-hm-fw, \mS³]m«v F¶o aq¶p ssIh-gn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv {]mNo\ IhnX Hgp-In-sb- n-b-Xv. Ch aq¶pw kwK-an-¡p¶XmWv IrjvW-Km-Y. AXn-\mÂ Cu aq¶p {]Øm-\- n-sâbpw khn-tj-j-X-IÄ CXnÂ H¶p-tNÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.

]m«v, aWn-{]-hm-fw, \mS³]m-«p-IÄ F¶n-§s\ aq¶p ssIh-gn-I-fn-eqsS hfÀ¶p-h¶ ae-bmfIhn-Xm-km-lnXyw kwtbm-P-\- nsâ BZy-e-£-W-§Ä ImWn-¡p-¶Xv IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-em-Wv. ]m«p-{]-Øm-\- nsâ emfn-Xyhpw aWn-{]-hm-f- nsâ ckn-I-Xzhpw IrjvW-Km-YbnÂ kt½-fn-¡p-¶p. am\-Io-I-cWw kw -hn- p-Xp-S-§nb Imhy- m-j-sb¶v CXns\ thW-sa-¦nÂ hnti-jn- n-¡mw. {ZanUkwLm-Xm-£c\n_-²X, A´y-{]mkw F¶o ]m«p-e-£-W-§Ä IrjvW-KmY ]qÀ®-ambpw XÅn-¡-f-bp-¶p."tam\' Nne Øe-§-fnÂ hcp-¶p. aWn-{]-hm-f-¯nsâ {][m\ {]tXy-I-X-bmb hn`Iv-Xy´kwkvIrX]Z-§Ä hfsc Ipdª Af-hnÂ am{Xw kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ irwKmc lmky-§-tfmSv aWn-{]-hm-f- n-\pÅ XmXv]cyw KmYm-Im-c³ k¼qÀ®-amb Af-hnÂ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-v. C§-s\-bm-sW-¦nepw {ioIr-jvWsâ Xncp- n-d-hn-sXm«p kzÀKm-tcm-lWw hsc-bpÅ apJykw`-h-§-fpsSImhym-ßI{]Xn-]m-Z-\- n-eqsS Hcp ¢mknIv IrXn-bpsS Kuchw Im¯p-kq-£n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

aWn-{]-hm-f- n-sâbpw ]m«n-sâbpw an{i-W- n-eqsS \mS³]m-«nsâ coXn-bnÂ hnI-kn- n-s -Sp¯Hcp Imhyam-Wn-Xv. Cu an{iW {]{Inb Fgp- -Ñ-\nÂ ]qÀ®-am-Ip-¶p. I®-È-·mÀ ]m«nÂ kwkvIrXhÀW-§Ä kzoI-cn¨p. KmYm-Im-c³ Iptd-¡qSn apt¶m-«p-t]m-bn. KmY-bnse irwKmc ck- nsâB[nIyw CXp hyà-am-¡p-¶p. `àn-Im-hy-§Ä F¶ \ne-bnÂ In-cp¶ ]m«p{]Øm\w kmln-Xy-sa¶ \nebv¡p hfÀ¨ t\Sp-¶-XmWv ChnsS ImWp-¶-Xv. ]WvUn-X\pw ]ma-c\pw Hcp-t]mseBkzm-Zy-amb KmYbpsS IÀ¯mhv \½psS Imhy- m-j-bnse "ip²-a-e-bm-f'¯nsâ Ah-Xm-c-I³IqSn-bm-Wv.

`mK-hXw Zi-a-kvI-Ô-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS {][m\ D]m-Zm-\w. ]Xn-s\m¶pw ]{´pwkvIÔ-§-fpsS kmcmw-ihpw AXpÄs¡m-Åp¶pv. `mK-h-X- nse kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb BJym\wHcp alm-Im-hy- nsâ CXn-hr- -am-¡n-b-t¸mÄ IYm-K-Xn-bnÂ KW-\o-b-amb amäsam¶pw Ihn hcp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. `mK-hXw AtX-]Sn ae-bm-f- nÂ Ah-X-cn- n-¡pI am{Xta sNbvXn-«pÅp F¶p ]d-bm\pw ]än-Ã. ZÀi-\- n\p a³Xq-¡-apÅ Hcp ]pcmWw `àn-{]-[m-\-amb Hcp kmln-Xy-in-ev]-ambncq]m- cw {]m]n- -t¸mÄ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kw -hn-t¡ ]cn-Wm-a-§Ä h¶p-tNÀ¶p. ]pcm-W- nÂDÅ an¡ kvXpXn-Ifpw Hgn-hm-¡n-bXv Ihn-bpsS kmln-Xy-aÀ½-Ú-X-bpsS \nZÀi-am-bn hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p.

Imhyw cp- m-K-ambn Xncn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. IrjvW³ A¼m-Sn-bnÂ Ign-bp¶ Imew H¶mw- m-K¯pw aYp-c-bn-tebv¡p t]mb-ti-j-apÅ kw`-h-§Ä cmw `mK¯pw hnh-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶p.`mK-hXw ]¯p-ap-X-epÅ kvIÔ-§Ä Bkv]-Z-am¡n kwkvIr-X- n-sebpw ae-bm-f- n-sebpw]qÀh-kq-cn-IpsS IrXn-I-fnÂ \n¶v Bi-b-§Ä BZm\w sNbvXp kµÀ`m-\p-kmcw kzIr-Xn-bnÂAen-bn- p-tNÀ¯v Hcp \qX\ ae-bm-f-a-lm-Imhyw Bc-Nn-¡p-I-bmWv sNdp-tÈcn sNbvXXv. HcpkzX-{ -Ir-Xn-bpsS auen-IXzw IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS GXp- m-K¯pw ZÀin-¡mw. BIÀj-I-am-hn-Ã F¶ptXm¶p¶ `mK-§Ä kwt£-]n-¡p-Ibpw ckm- n-hy-RvP-\bv¡p hI-bp-Ån-S¯p hn]q-eo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ \b-am-Wv Ihn s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn- n-«p-Å-Xv. thWp-Km-\w, tKm]n-ImZp:Jw, cmk-{IoU F¶nh hÀ®n-¡m³ `mK-hXw Fgp-¶qän F¬]- n-sb«p hcn D]-tbm-Kn- n-S¯v IrjvW-KmY aqhm-bn-c¯n Hcp-\qän Ccp-]- n-\mep hcn hn\n-tbm-Kn¨ncn-¡p-¶p. aqe-Ir-Xnsb \mep-a-S-§mbn



hnI-kn- n¨ Cu Hcp-Zm-l-cWw aXn KmY-bpsS kzX-{ -{]-hm-lhpw KmYm-Im-csâ mh-\m-hn-em-khpwshfn-hm-¡m³. ChnsS hn`m-hm-\p- m-hmZn-IÄ hÀ®n-¡m-\mWv Ihn iàn sNe-h-gn- -sX-¦nÂ thsdNne Zn¡nÂ kµÀt`m-Nn-X-amb Ae-¦m-c-§Ä {]tbm-Kn¨p hyXy-kvX-amb kpja \ÂIp-¶p.

AXn-cp-I-S¶ Ae-¦m-c-{]n-bXzw sNdp-tÈ-cn-bpsS Hcp tZmj-ambn ]ecpw Nqn-¡m-Wn- n-«p-v. ]m«mWv Fgp-Xn-b-sX-¦nepw hÀ®-\-I-fnÂ Aew- m-h-an-Ãm-bvabpw ame- -S¡w t]mse Ae-¦m-c-§Ä ASn-¡Sn tImÀ¯p-t]m-Ip¶ coXnbpw Aan-X-amb irwKm-c-]-£-]m-Xhpw kl-P- m-h-am-bn-¯oÀ¶n-«pÅ Cu Ihn bYmÀ°- nÂ aWn-{]-hmfw Xs¶btÃ cNn- Xv? F¶v F³. IrjvW-]nÅtNmZn-¡p-¶p. F¶mÂ Hcp alm-Im-hy- nsâ cq]-t¯mSv H¯p-t]m-I- -¡-hn-[- n-emWv At±lwAe-¦mcw {]tbm-Kn- n-«p-Å-Xv. \mÂ - n-bmdv hyXy-kvXm-e¦m-c-§fpsS Bbn-c- n-H-cp-\qdv DZm-l-c-W-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-ep-Å-Xv. Ae-¦m-c-§Ä ASp- -Sp¯p {]tbm-Kn-¡p¶ Nne L«-§Ä¡p]Icw F¶-t]mse Ah Xosc CÃm-sXbpw BJym\w ImWp-¶p. kwkvIr-X- nÂ \n¶pw ae-bm-f- nÂ \n¶pw [mcmfw Ae-¦m-c-{]-tbm-K-§Ä ssIs¡m Ihn F´p-sImtm `mK-h-X- nÂ\n¶v Ah hf-sc-sbm¶pw kzoI-cn¨p ImWp-¶n-Ã. BsI ]¯p-]-Xn-\mev Ae-¦mcw am{Xta `mK-h-X- nÂ \n¶p kzoI-cn- n-«p-Åp.

GsXmcp Ihn¡pw kmZr-iy-aq-e-Im-e-¦m-c-§-tfm-Sp-{]nbw Gdpw; D]-an-¡m-\pÅ {]h-WXa\p-jysâ ss\kÀ¤n-I-hm-k-\-I-fnÂs]-«-Xm-W-tÃm. kwkvIr-X- nÂ {]kn-²-amb AÀ°m-e-¦m-c-§-fnÂ GXmp ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw sNdp-tÈcn {]tbm-Kn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ah-bn-e-[n-Ihpw kmZr-iy-aq-e-I-§-fmb D]-a, cq]-Iw, cq]-Im-Xn-i-tbm-àn, kzcq-t]m-Xvt{]-£ F¶n-h-bm-Wv.emfn-Xy-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS apJ-ap-{Z. IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse H«p-ap-¡mepw mKw hmbn- mÂ _me-·mÀ¡p-t]mepw AÀ°wa\-kn-em-Ipw.

Fgp- -Ñ\pw ae-bm-f-Im-hy- m-jbpw

ae-bmf Imhy- m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-WmaNcn-{X- nse kp{][m-\-L«s¯ Fgp- -ÑsâImhy-§Ä {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶p. kmln-Xy- nÂ Hcp \qX\ktµ-i-hp-am-bmWv Fgp- -Ñ³ cwK-{]-thiw sNbvX-Xv. `n¶cpNn-I-sfbpw `n¶coXn-I-sfbpw Iq«n-bn-W-¡m³ Ct±-l- n\p Ign-ªp.ae-bm-f- nsâ {]mNo\ Imhy-]m-c-¼cyw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn\v {][m-\-ambpw cv kam- -c-im-J-IÄ Dm-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v t_m²y-s -Sp-¶p. ]mWvUy- mjm kmcq-]y-ta-dn-bn-cn-¡p¶ ]m«p- m-jbpwkwkvIrXw IqSn-¡-eÀ¶ aWn-{]-hm-f- m-jbpw. Ime-{I-a- nÂ Cu mjm-co-Xn-IÄ ]c-kv]cw kzm[o\wsNep- m\pw IqSn-¡-e-cm\pw XpS-§n. \ncWw IrXn-I-fnepw IrjvW-Km-Y-bnepw Cu {]h-WX ImWm-\m-hpw. Cu `mjm-k-a-\z-b-{]-{Inb AXnsâ ]qÀW-X-bnÂ km -ey- n-se- n-bXv Fgp- -ÑsâIme- m-Wv.

Xp©-s¯-gp- -Ñ\v ae-bmf `mj-bpsS ]nXrXzw C¶pw ]ecpw Iev]n¨p \ÂIp-¶p-s-¦nepwAXv Ime-§-fmbn Icp-Xn-t¸m-¶n-cp¶ Hcp hnizm-k- nsâ mK-amtb ]cn-K-Wn-¡m³ km[n-¡p-I-bp-Åq. F¶n-cn-¡nepw Xsâ ap³Kman-I-fn-em-cnepw H¯n-W-§n-¡m-Wm¯ Nne kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-

fpsS kwbpàn Fgp- -Ñs\ A\y- n-¶-am-¡p-¶p. ae-bm-f- n\v XnIhpw Xan-gv¨m-bvhn\v CSnhpwhcp- n-s¡m-pÅ aWn-{]-hmf ]cn-jvI-c-Ww, `IvXn- m-hs¯ tI{µ-_n-µp-hm-¡n-s¡m-pÅ IYm-I-Y-\w, {]I-S-amb kZm-Nm-cm- n-apJyw F¶o aq¶w-i-§-fpsS kt½-f-\-am-Wv Fgp- -Ñs\ Xsâap³KmanI-fnÂ\n¶pw hyXy-kvX-\m-¡p-¶-Xv. ]m«p-Ir-Xn-I-fnse Xan-gv{]-tbm-K-§fpw aWn-{]-hm-f- nsekwkvIr-X-hn- -ày- -§fpw Bhp-¶{X hÀPn¨v Hcp ]pXnb ae-bm-f-Im-hy- mj cq]-s -Sp- m-\pÅ{ia-amWv Fgp- -Ñsâ IrXn-I-fnÂ ImWp-¶-Xv. Xan-gnsâ ]nSn-bnÂ\n¶v Gsd-¡psd apà-am-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cp¶ "ae-bmw- m-jsb' kwkvIr-X- nsâ DNn-Xhpw B\p-]m-Xn-I-hp-amb an{i-Ww-sImv Kl-\hpw {]uV-hp-am-¡m³ Fgp- -Ñ\v Ign-ªp. Cu an{i-W-amWv I®-È-Ir-Xn-I-fn-se-bpw, ip²-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-bmbn IcpXp¶ IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-sebpw `mj-bnÂ\n¶v Fgp- -Ñsâ `mjsb hyXy-kvX-am-¡n-b-Xv. Fgp- -Ñ³ Hcp \ho\ ssien `mjm-Imhy cN-\bv¡v kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃ adn¨vA¯cw Hcp ssien¡v icn-bmb ASn- d `mj-bnÂ ]Wn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. CXv ae-bm-f- n\vX\Xpw \qX-\-hp-amb Hcp Imhy-`mj cq]-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p. ae-bmf IhnX]nev¡m-e¯v Cu amÀK-amWv ]n³Xp-SÀ¶-Xv.

Ime-hpw IrXn-Ifpw



Fgp¯Ñsâ Pohn-X-Imew ]Xn-\mdmw \qäm-m-bn-cp-¶p. B²ymß cmam-bWw Infn- m-«v, `mcXwInfn- m«v F¶n-h-bmWv Fgp- -Ñsâ IrXn-I-sf¶v \nÊw-ibw ]d-bm-hp-¶-h. D¯ccmam-b-Ww, tZho-am-lm-ßyw, {_Òm-WvU-]p-cmWw XpS-§n-b-hbpw Fgp- -Ñ-tâ-Xm-sW¶v DÅqÀ Icp-Xp-¶p. F¶mÂlcn-\m-a-IoÀ¯-\w, cmam-bWw Ccp-]- n-\mep hr¯w, tIc-tfm-ev]¯n apX-em-bh Fgp- -Ñ-tâ-Xmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶p-an-Ã. DÅq-cn-tâXv shdpw Dul-§Ä am{X-am-Wv. ià-amb sXfn-hnsâ ]n³_ewCu \nco-£-W-§Ä¡n-Ã. cmam-b-Ww-þ- m-cXw Infn- m-«p-I-sf- än XÀ¡-§-sfm¶pw Db-cm- -Xn-\mÂFgp- -Ñsâ IrXn-I-sf¶ \nebv¡v Ch-bmWv C¶v ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s -Sp-¶-Xv.

Infn- m«v

Fgp- -Ñsâ IrXn-IÄ Infn- m-«p-IÄ F¶ Imhy-hn- m-K- nÂs]-Sp-¶p. kmln-Xy- m-jbv¡pwkwkm-c- m-jbv¡pw X½n-epÅ A´cw Ipd- p-sIm-p-h-cp-¶-XnÂ Fgp- -Ñsâ Infn- m-«p-IÄ hln-¨n-«pÅ ]¦v hep-Xm-Wv. F¶mÂ Infn- m«p {]Øm-\- nsâ D]-Úm-Xm-hmbn Fgp- -Ñs\ Icp-Xp-¶-XnÂ A\u-NnXyw Dv. CXv At±-l- nsâ Ip-]n-Sn- -am-bn-cp-¶n-Ãm-sb¶v DÅqcpw (tI-c-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-{Xw) sI.-F³. Fgp- -Ñ\pw (km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eq-sS) kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambnkaÀ°n-¡p-¶p.

Infn ]mSp¶ ]m«p-IÄ F¶ AÀ°- n-em-bn-cn¡mw Infn- m-«p-IÄ F¶ t]cv h¶-Xv. F¶mÂC¶v Cu AÀ°-aÃ Infn- m-«n-\p-Å-Xv. tII, {ZpX-Im-I-fn, A¶-\-S, aWn-Im-©n, If-Im©n apX-embhr¯-§-fnÂ Fgp-X-s¸« Imhy-§-sfÃmw Infn- m-«p-I-fm-bmWv Adn-b-s -Sp-¶-Xv. Cu hr -§-sfÃmwFgp- -Ñsâ krjvSn-I-fmbn Icp-Xm-\m-hn-Ã. Fgp- -Ñ\p ap³]v Cu hr¯-§-fnÂ ]eXpw ae-bm-f-¯nepw aäp {ZmhnU `mj-I-fnepw Aev]w Nne hyXym-k-§-tfmsS D]-tbm-Kn¨p t]m¶n-cp-¶p. tII-bpw ImI-fn-bpw If-Im-©nbpw Fgp- -Ñ\p ap³t] cNn-¡-s -«-sX¶v Icp-Xp¶ Kpcp-Z-£n-W- m-«nÂImWp-¶psh¶pw I¶-S-bnepw sXep-¦nepw aWn-Im-©n¡p Xpey-amb hr¯-§Ä Ds¶pw ]n.-hn.them-bp-[³]nÅ Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶p. (a-[y-Ime ae-bm-fw). AXp-sImv Infn- m«p {]Øm-\- nsâDZvLm-S-I-\mbpw ae-bmf hr¯-§-fpsS ]nXm-hmbpw Fgp- -Ñs\ Icp-Xp-¶Xv icn-b-Ã. F¶ncn-¡nepw tII, ImIfn XpS-§nb hr¯-§sf ZrV-_-²-am¡n {]N-cn- n- -Xnepw àn-hn-j-b-{]-Xn-]m-Z-\- n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn¨ Hcp Imhy-co-Xnsb Infn- m«p {]Øm-\-am¡n hfÀ¯n-b-Xnepw Fgp- -Ñ³apJy ]¦p hln- n-«p-v.

Fgp- -Ñsâ `mj: ]WvUnX \nco-£-W-§Ä

]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W- nÅ : Fgp- -Ñsâ `mj ae-bm-fhpw kwkvIr-Xhpw Hcp {]tXyI ]mI- nÂkwtbm-Pn- n-¨n-«p-Å-Xm-Wv. kwkvIrX i_vZ-§Ä kwkvIrX{]Xy-b-§Ä tNÀ¯pw Nne-bn-S¯vhmIy-§Ä apgp-h³ kwkvIr-X-am-¡nbpw At±lw {]tbm-Kn- n-«p-v.... `mjm-]Z {]tbmK hnj-b-¯nÂ Fgp- -Ñs\ AXn-K-an-¡p¶ Hcp Ihn CtX-hsc mj-bn-ep-m-bn-«n-sÃ¶pÅXv \nÀhnhm-Z-am-Ip-¶p. (]-©m-\-\sâ hnaÀi-\-{X-bw-þ1996)

sI.-F³. Fgp -Ñ³ : .... Fgp- -Ñsâ Infn- m-«p-IÄ eoem-Xn-e-IaX-a-\p-k-cn- pÅ ]m«p-aÃ, aWn-{]-hm-f-hp-a-Ã. ae-bm-f- nsâ hymI-cW kzcq-]- nÂ ASn-bp-d- Xpw kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§Ä¡v \Ã kzmKXw\ÂIp-¶-Xp-amb Hcp kzX{´ {]Øm-\-amWv KmY-bnepw Infn- m-«nepw ImWp-¶-Xv... bYmÀ°- nÂkwkvIrX {Zmhn-U-§-fpsS DNnX kwtbm-P-\- nsâ hnP-b-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp-¶-Xv, CXmWvFgp- -Ñsâ `mj-bpsS \ho-\-Xz-hpw. (In-fn- m«v þ kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eq-sS)

kn.-sI. N{µ-ti-J-c³ \mbÀ : ""....-a-Wn-{]-hmf ssiensb Cuc-Sn-bn-em-hn-jvI-cn-¡pI F¶ ]pXpaXpS-§n-sh- Xv Fgp- -Ñ-\m-Wv. .... Xan-gv¨m-bvhnsâ Awi-§sf sXm®q-säm³]Xp iX-am-\hpw \ncm-I-cn¨v _rl- mb Xsâ Imhy-§Ä cNn-¡m³ At±-l-¯n\v km[n- p. CXt{X Fgp- -Ñsâ`mjbv¡v ]pXpa sImSp-¡p¶ khn-ti-j-X. (Fgp- -Ñsâ mj þ Fgp- -Ñ\p ap¼pw ]n¼pw. 1975).

F.BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ : `mjm-]-c-ambn Xp©-s¯-gp- -Ñ³ \S- n-em-¡nb hyh-Ø-IÄ : 1. aWn-{]-hm-f- n-se-¶-t]mse ]m«p-I-fnepw efnX kwkvIrX hn`ày- -§sf D]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. 2. hn`-ày- -§-fm-bmepw {]Ir-Xn-IÄ am{X-am-bmepw kwkvIrX i_vZ-§sf sskzcambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ ØnXn¡vAXp-I-fnÂ A£c kv^pS-X-bv¡p-thn kmln-Xy-saÃmw Bcy Fgp- nÂ Fgp-X-Ww. 3. `mjm-



Zzb k¦-c- nÂ kwkvIrX {]Ir-Xn-Isf ae-bmf hn`-àn-IÄ tNÀ¯p {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv icn-bmbhgn; t\sc adn¨v ae-bmf {]Ir-Xn-Isf kwkvIrX hn`àn tNÀ¯v "amS-¼o\mw' CXym-Zn-t]mse{]tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hntema k{¼-Zmbw sXäv. 4. kwkvIrX Oµ-Èm-kv{X- nse hÀW-\n-b-a-s¯-bpw,am{Xm \nb-a-s¯bpw, Xangv hr¯-§-fnÂ¡qSn {]th-in- n¨v ]pXn-b-Xmbn "Infn- m«v' apX-emb ae-bmf hr¯-§sf \S- nÂ hcp- n. (tI-cf]mWn-\o-bw)

Sn.-]n. _me-Ir-jvW³\m-bÀ : s]mXpth t\m¡p-t¼mÄ, cmam-bWw Infn- m-«nÂ aq¶p-Xcw `mjm-co-Xn-IÄ ImWmw.

Ae-a-e-an-X-dn-In-e-\p-NnX aJn-e- q- rXmþamß-tJZw ss[cy-iucy tXtPm-lcw (kw-kvIrX ssien)

Imem-ln\m ]cn-{K-kvXamw temIhpwBteme tNXkm t`mK-§Ä tXSp¶p (a-Wn-{]-hmf ssien)

\¶p \s¶¶p ]pIgv¶p ]pI-gv¶-hÀ\¶mbv sXmgpXp sXmgpXp \n¶o-Sn-\mÄ (ip-²-a-e-bmf ssien)

[Fgp¯Ñsâ B²ym-ß-cm-am-b-Whpw B²ymß cma-bWw aqehpw þ (Xp©³ {]_-Ô-§Ä)]

`mjm khn-ti-j-X-IÄhÀ®X-e- nepw ]Z-X-e- nepw hymI-c-W-cq-]-§-fnepw ]e {]tXy-I-X-Ifpw Fgp- -Ñsâ IrXn-

I-fmb cmam-bWw Infn- m-«nepw `mcXw Infn- m-«nepw ImWm-\m-hpw.1. ]gb ]Z-§Ä: Ac-¡³, CSÀ, tIÄ¡-bnÂ.2. {Inbm cq]-§Ä : tIfm-ªp, acn-bm-sX, Hmcp-I.3. hÀW-hn-Im-c-§Ä : sIm-¶p, hcm-jn- p, XmXv]-cn-bw.4. Dt±-inIm hn`-àn-cq-]-§Ä : t]À¡v, Imev¡v.5. "Aäv', F¶ CS-\ne tNÀ¶ cq]-§Ä: Ah-sä, ]e-h-sä.6. _lp-h-N\ cq]-§Ä : aI-fÀ, \mevhÀ.7. e£ymÀ°- nÂ "Bbvs¡mv' : "kp{Ko-h-\m-bn-s¡mv'.8. Akm-[m-cW \ma-[m-Xp-¡Ä : KÀ`n- p, Gän- v.9. ]gb \ntj[ {Inb : Acp-Xp-ta.10. ]n³hn\-sb- mÀ°- nÂ \Sp-hn-\-sb¨ {]tbmKw : tIÄ¡- -d-ªo-e, tIg- p-S-§n-\mÀ.

a²y-Ime ae-bmf mj-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-bmb "â' hÀW-§Ä Fgp- -Ñ³ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. ]pcpj{]Xy-b-§Ä kmÀh-{Xn-I-ambn kzoI-cn-¡p¶ coXnbpw ImWp-¶n-Ã. A]qÀÆw Nne-bn-S-§-fnÂ am{Xtaa[y-a-]p-cpj {]Xybw ImWp-¶p-Åq. A\p-\m-kn-ImXn{]-k-chpw Xme-hym-tZ-ihpw hcm¯ cq]-§Ä ImWp-¶n-Ã. hÀ¯-am-\-Ime hmNn-bmb "D¶p' `mhn-Im-e-hm-Nn-bmb "Dw' F¶o Ime-{]-Xy-b-§Ä `mcXw Infn- m-«nse `mj-bnÂ Dd- n-cn-¡p-¶p. {Inbm-]-Z-§tfm kap- -b-\n-]m-X-§tfm XpSÀ -bmbn {]tbm-Kn¨v kµÀ`s¯ {it²-bhpw DuÀÖ-kz-e-hp-am-¡p¶ co-Xnbpw ASp- -Sp¯v {Inbm-]-Z-§sf "Dw' sImv kap- -bn- n¨v cwK- n\v sImgp- p-Iq-«p¶ LS-I-§fpw Fgp- -Ñ³ IrXn-I-fnÂ ImWmw.

Fgp- -Ñsâ Imhy `mj-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-IÄ \Sp-h«w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³ C§s\ kw{K-ln-¡p¶p:

1. `mj-tbdn hcp¶ aWn-{]-hmf ssien.

2. kwkvIr-Xo-IrX `mj-bpsS A`m-hw.

3.`mh- n-\-\p-k-cn¨p `mjm {]tbm-Kwþip² kwkvIr-Xhpw ip² ae-bm-f-hpw.

4. CuW-{]-[m-\-amb {Zmhn-U-hr- -§Ä.

5. {]Nm-c-ep-]vX-sa-¦nepw `mh-]p-jvS-§-fmb cqUn-]-Z-§-fpsS kzoI-c-Ww.

6. hmbvsamgn hg-¡-§-fpsS Dt]-£n-¡Â.

7.{]mIvX\ ssien-Ifpw hymI-cW {]tbm-K-§fpw A`n-cp-Nn-¡-\p-k-cn- v.

8. i_vZ-hn-j-b- nÂ Xan-gnsâ coXn ]mtS Ah-K-Wn- p.



Fgp- -Ñ³ \S- n-em-¡nb hyh-Ø-IÄ

Fgp- -Ñ³ \S- nÂ hcp- n-b-Xmbn tIc-f-]m-Wn\n ]d-bp¶ ]e Imcy§fpw At±-l- n\p ap³t]ae-bmf Imhy- mj kzoI-cn- -h-bm-Wv. Bcy Fgp v, efnX kwkvIrX hn -ày- -§Ä F¶nh \ncWwIrXn-I-fnepw IrjvW-Km-Y-bnepw ImWp-¶p. Infn- m«p hr¯hpw Fgp- -Ñsâ krjvSn-bsÃ¶v C¶psXfn-bn-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p. Fgp- -Ñ³ `mj-bv¡p \ÂInb tkh-\-§Ä Ch-bm-Wv.

1. kwkvIrXw F{X kpi-àhpw k¼-¶-hp-am-sW-¦nÂ -s¶bpw AXnse hymI-cW \nb-a-§-fpsS B{I-a-Ws¯ kz`m-j-bnÂ {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-I.

2. ae-bmfkmln-Xy- nÂ {]N-cn v \t¶ ]cn-Nn-X-§-fm-bn-¡-gnª kwkvIrX {]Xy-b-§Ä \ne-\nÀ p-I.3. ae-bmf {]Ir-Xn-I-fnepw kwkvIrX {]Ir-Xn-I-fnepw kwkvIrX {]Xy-b-§Ä tXm¶pw-]Sn tNÀ¡p¶ ]qÀÆk{¼-

Zmbw ]cnhÀÖn-¡p-I.4. aWn-{]-hmf k¦-ev]s¯ HuNn-Xy-]qÀÆw ]cn-jvI-cn v AXns\ ]m«p-km-ln-Xy- nÂ {]tbm-Kn p ^en- n-¡p-I.

C¯-c- nÂ HmP-ÊpÅ Hcp Imhy- m-j-bpsS DZm¯ amXr-I-I-fmbn Fgp- -Ñ³ Xsâ Imhy- m-jsb ]cn-hÀ¯-\-s -Sp- n-sb-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

`mjbv¡pw kmln-Xy- n\pw Fgp- -Ñsâ kw`m-h-\-IÄ

kmln-Xy- nÂ Hcp \qX-\-k-tµ-i-hp-ambn cwK-{]-th-iw sNbvX Fgp- -Ñ³ kmln-Xy- nsâkzcq-]s¯ þ _mly-ambpw B -cn-I-ambpw \ho-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Imhy`mjbnÂ aWn-{]-hm-f-]m-c-¼-cys¯ B{i-bn-¡p-t¼mgpw DÅ-S¡ kzoI-c-W- n-Â AXnsâ kzm[o-\-Xsb amän-\nÀ¯n.Fgp- -Ñ³ Ah-X-cn- n¨ \ho\ ssien hyh-lm-c- m-j-sb-t¸mepw kzm[o-\n-¡p-I-bp-mbn. I®-È-·m-cn-eq-sSbpw sNdp-tÈ-cn-bn-eq-sSbpw apt¶-dnb ]m«p-{]-Øm-\- nsâ hfÀ¨ Fgp- -Ñ-\nÂ ]qÀ¯n-bm-hp-¶p. AYhm Imhy- m-j-bpsS am\-Io-I-cW {]{Inb ]qÀ®-X-bn-se- p-¶p.

Bcy Fgp¯v `mj-bnÂ \S- n-em-¡n-bXv Fgp- -Ñ-\m-bn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¦nepw Ahbv¡p `mj-bp-ambnsFI-cq]yw ssIh-cp-¶Xv Fgp- -Ñ-\n-em-Wv. sNdp-tÈcn Htc hr¯w D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ Fgp- -Ñ³ Infn- m-«nse hyXy-kvX-§-fmb hr¯-§-fnÂ Imhy-c-N\ \S- p-¶p. KmYm-Im-c-\nÂ\n¶p hyXy-kvX-ambn ]pcm-tW-Xn-hr- -§Ä th{X Kuc-h-t¯msS ssIImcyw sN¿m\pw àn-{]-Øm-\s¯kPo-h-am-¡m\pw Fgp- -Ñ\p Ign-ªp. tIc-f- nse IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X- n\pw hyàn-_-Ô-§Ä¡pwNpäp-]m-Sp-IÄ¡pw tbmPn-¡p¶ IYm-k-µÀ`-§Ä ]c¯n- -dªpsImpw kmwkvIm-cnI{]kànIpd-ª-hsb Npcp¡n Ah-X-cn- n¨pw {KÙ-c-N-\-bnÂ Fgp- -Ñ³ kzoI-cn¨ amXrI {]iw-k-\o-b-am-Wv. \ncWw IrXn-IÄ apXÂ Xan-gnsâ B[n-]-Xy- nÂ\n¶p amdn-\n-ev¡m\pw kwkvIr-Xs¯kzoI-cn-¡m-\p-apÅ k¶-²X ]m«p-{]-Øm-\- nÂ ImWp-¶p-v. I®-È-\nÂ XpS-§nb Cu {]h-W-Xsb hyh-Øo-I-cn-¡p-I-bmWv Fgp- -Ñ³ sNbvX-Xv. ck- m-h-§sf Ae-¦m-c- n\p Iogvs -Sp- m-sXbpw i_vZ-tÇ-jwsImv Pme-hnZy ImWn-¡m-sX-bp-amWv im´hpw at\m-c-Ú-I-hp-amb Hcphn¹hw \½psS kmlnXy qan-I-bnÂ Fgp- -Ñ³ \S- n-b-Xv. ae-bm-fs¯ ¢mknIv \ne-hm-c- n-te-¡p-bÀ¯n Bcy kwkvIm-c- nsâ BIm-c-s¸m-ena apgp-h³ AXnÂ k¶n-th-in- n-¡p-hm³ Fgp-¯-Ñ\p Ign-ªp. àn-c-k- n\p ap³Xq¡w \evIn Kuc-h-amw-hn[w Imcy-am{X {]k-à-ambn ]pcm-W-§sf kao-]n-¡m-\pÅ {ia-amWv Fgp- -Ñsâ IrXn-IÄ.

ip²-a-e-bm-f-co-Xn, efnX aWn-{]-hmf coXn, ae-bmf Imhy-ssi-en¡p tbmPn-¡m- -hn[w kwkvIrX]Z-§-sfbpw hymI-cWcq]-§-sfbpw \nth-in- n- p-sIm-pÅ coXn F¶n-§s\ Fgp- -Ñ³ IrXn-I-fnse `mj aq¶p-hn[w thÀXn-cnªp \nev¡p-¶p. CXnÂ BZys¯ cs-®hpw kwtbm-Pn- n¨vHcp ae-bmf Imhy-ssien cq]-s -Sp- p-hm³ At±-l- n-\mbnsb¶-XmWv mjm-]-c-amb kw`m-h-\.Fgp- -Ñ\p ap³]pÅ Ihn-I-fnÂ ae-bm-fn- hpw ZmÀi-\n-I-amb DZm- -Xbpw `mjm-hn-j-b- nÂtNÀ¶p ImW-s -Sp-¶n-Ã. I®-È-·mÀ¡p kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn DZm- -ho-£-W-apv; F¶mÂ ae-bm-fn¯w Ipd-hm-Wv. sNdp-tÈ-cnbnÂ CtX khn-ti-jX t\À hn]-co-X-co-Xn-bnÂ ImWp-¶p. aWn-{]-hmfIrXn-bnÂ cpw ImWp-¶n-Ã. CXn-\m-emWv Ch-bpsS kay-¡mb taf\w km[n-X-am-¡nb Fgp- -Ñsâ Imhyw P\-K-W-a-\-§sf BIÀjn- -Xv.

kmln-Xy- nse ]qÀh- m-jm-co-Xn-IfpsS kzm`m-hn-I-]-cn-Wm-a- nsâ \nZÀi-\-am-bn-cn¡mw Fgp-



¯-Ñsâ `mj. F¶mÂ CXn-\p-tijw \½psS Imhy- m-jbv¡v henb amä-§-sfm¶pw h¶n-«n-sÃ-¶Xv {it²-b-am-Wv. ]¨ ae-bmf {]Øm-\- nt\m sh¬aWn Ihn-IÄt¡m Cu \ne-hm-c-s¸« Imhy-`m-jsb XIÀ¡m³ km[n- n-«n-Ã. aWn-{]-hmf`mjbv¡p {Zmhn-Uo-b-amb Omb ]IÀ¶Xv Fgp- -Ñ-\m-Wv. \Ã ae-bmf`mj-bpsS ssNX\yw Infn- m-«nÂ ImWm-\m-hpw. C§-s\-bm-sW-¦nepw ae-bmf`mj-bpsS ]nXmhv F¶ Øm\w Fgp- -Ñ-\p\ÂIp-¶-XnÂ HuNn-Xy-¡p-d-hp-v. Fgp- -Ñ\p ap³t]sXfn-hpä KZyhpw ]Zyhpw {]Nm-c- nÂ h¶n-cp-¶p. B `mjsb Nne hyh-Ø-I-fn-eqsS ]cn-jv¡-cn-¡p-I-bmWv Fgp- -Ñ³ sNbvX-Xv. AXn-\mÂ Fgp- -Ñs\ ae-bmf mj-bpsS ]nXmhv F¶-Xn-s\-¡mÄ ]cn-jvIÀ¯mhv F¶p hnti-jn- n-¡p-I-bmhpw DNn-Xw.

Fgp- -Ñ³ Ihn-X-I-fpsS ]Ým- ew*

G.-Un. 16-þmw iXIw apXÂ Ccp-]Xmw iX-I- nsâ BZy-Z-i-I-§Ä hsc ae-bmf kmln-Xy-s¯ t]mjn- n¨ Ihn-Xm-{]-Øm-\-amWv Infn- m-«v. Hcp Imhy {]Øm-\- nsâ khn-tij kz`m-h-§Ä¡v B[m-c-amb am\-knImhØ kaq-l-- n\v Dm-bn-cn-t¡--Xpv. AXp-t]mse {]tXyI{]h-W-X-I-tfm-Sp-IqSnb kmlnXy {]Øm\w £tbm-·p-J-am-I-W-sa-¦nÂ B {]Øm-t\mÂ - n¡vt{]c-I-am-bn-cp¶ hÀK-am-\-kn-Im-hØ amdp-Ibpw thWw. hyày\p- q-Xn-I-fpsS Bhn-jvI-c-W-am-WvIhn-X. F¦nepw AXnÂ ka-Im-enI kaq-l- nsâ Bi-bm- n-em-j§Ä IeÀ¶n-cn-¡p-sa-¶XpwhkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Imhyw, \qäm-p-IÄ hym]n¨v ] -en¨v hfÀ¶p {]Øm-\- nsâ _oP-ambn amd-p-t¼mÄ AXnÂ hyàn-hn-Im-c-t¯-¡m-tfsd kaq-l- nsâ CÑbpw k¦-ev]-§-fp-amWv apJy-ambpw{]Xn- -en-¡p-I. Fgp- -Ñsâ IhnX Hcp {]Øm-\-ambn amdn-sb-¶-Xnsâ AÀYw AXv B Ime-L-«- nse kmaqly Pohn-X- nsâ kq£va- m-h-§sf {]Xn- -en- n-s¨¶pw XpSÀ¶p Iptd-¡mew tIc-fob kaqlw B am\-kn-Im-h-Øsb \ne-\nÀ¯n-t¸m-¶p F¶pw BWv.

Infn- m-«p-{]-Øm-\- nsâ kz`mhw B[ym-ßn-I-X-bnÂ ASn-bp-d¨ `àn-bm-Wv. `àn- m-h-hp-ambn ae-bmf IhnX lrZy-ambn ka-\z-bn¨Xnsâ BZys¯ anI¨ ^e-amWv Fgp- -Ñsâ Ihn-X.Fgp- -Ñsâ Infn ]mSp-¶-Xn\v ap³]v `àyw-i-apÅ Ihn-X-I-fp-m-bn-«p-v. F¶mepw Fgp- -Ñ-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv àn-{]-Øm\w hfÀ¶Xv F¶ kXyw Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶p. ]nÂ¡me ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS KXn \nb-{´n-¡p-Ibpw ]pXnb IhnXm]mc-¼-cy- n\v hgn Im«p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Fgp- -Ñ-\m-Wv. tIc-f- n\v X\-Xmb kwkvImcw Dcp- n-cnªv h¶-Xn\p ]n¶nÂ \¼q-Xn-cn-amÀ¡v {]ap-J-amb ]¦m-Wp-Å-Xv. Cu qhn- m-K- nsâ kmaqly kmwkvIm-cnI km¼- nI Pohn-X- nÂ \¼q-Xn-cn-amÀ ]qÀW-ambpw B[n-]Xyw t\Sp-¶-Xnsâ Ncn-{X-amWv G.-Un. F«mw iXIw apXÂ ]Xn-\©mwiXIw hsc-bpÅ tIc-f- nsâ Ncn-{Xw. G.-Un. Ggmw iX-I-t¯m-sS-bmWv henb kwL-ambn{_mÒ-WÀ tIc-f- n-te¡v {]h-ln- -Xv. AXp-hsc ChnsS \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp¶ efn-Xhpw kc-fhpwA{X-tbsd aXm[n-jvTn-X-a-Ãm- -Xp-amb Pohn-X- n-\p-taÂ AhÀ¡v B[n-]Xyw sNep- m³ {]bm-k-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. thtZm-]-\n-j- p-¡Ä, aoamwk, CXn-lm-k-§Ä XpS-§n-bh DÄs¡mv sImgp¯kmwkvIm-cnI {]uV-ntbm-Sp-IqSn ChnsS F¯n-b-hÀ¡v ap³sNm¶ Xc- n-epÅ aqeyk¼-¶XCÃm-Xn-cp¶ {Zmhn-U-cpsS kwkvIm-c- n-\p-taÂ \nb-{´Ww sNep¯pI Ffp- -am-bncp¶p. DZm- -a-\-kvIcpw hnZym-k-¼-¶-cp-amb AhÀ X§Ä¡v B[n-]-Xy-ap-ÅXpw NmXpÀhÀWy- nÂ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb kaqlw ChnsS cq]-s -Sp¯n. ssP\þ _u²-a-X-§Äs¡-Xnsc {_mÒ-W-aXw \S- nb_p²n-]-c-amb t]mcm«w CtX Ime-b-f-hnÂ Xs¶-bmWv \S-¶n-cp-¶-Xv. CXn\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶Xv tIc-f- nse F¡mes¯bpw anI¨ [nj-Wm-im-en-bm-bn-cp¶ i¦-cm-Nm-cy-cm-bn-cp-¶p. G.-Un.800 apXÂ 1102 hsc tIcfw hmWn-cp¶ Ipe-ti-J-c-·mÀ {_mÒ-W-scbpw sshjvW-h-a-X-s¯bpwt{]mÕm-ln- n- h-cm-bn-cp-¶p. ChÀ Ht«sd t£{X-§Ä Øm]n- p. t£{X-\n-b-{´Ww kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw sslµh ]ptcm-ln-X-·m-cmb {_mÒ-W-cnÂ \n£n-]vX-ambn. t£{Xs¯ tI{µo-I-cn¨p sImvHcp P\-k-aqlw þ A -cmf hn`m-K-¡mÀ þ DbÀ¶p-h-¶p. hnZym- ym-khpw Ie-Ifpw t£{X ]cn-k-



c-§-fnÂ ]q¯p-e-ªp-\n-¶p. Ipe-ti-J-c-km-{amPyw XI-cp-Ibpw tI{µo-Ir-X- -cWw A{]-Xy-£-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS \¼q-Xn-cn-amÀ¡v kmaq-ly-cm-jv{Sob cwK¯v {]m[m\yw IqSn. C§s\GXmv ]Xn-aq¶mw iX-I-am-hp-t¼m-tg¡pw t£{Xw hgn tIc-f- nsâ km¼- nI kmaqlyPohn-Xs¯ apgps¡ \nb-{ń-¡m³ P·n-amÀ¡v km[n- p.

Bcy-kw-kvIm-c- nÂ hncnª hnÚm-\-k-¼¯pw PohnX aqey-§fpw \ÂIn {_mÒ-WÀtIc-fs¯ A\p-{K-ln- n-«p-v. tPymXnj sshZy-cw-K-§fpw CÆn[w k¼-¶-am-bn- oÀ¶-h-bnÂs -Sp-¶p. F¦nepw km¼- n-Im-[n-]Xyw e`n- -tXmsS AhÀ tIc-f- nsâ kmwkvIm-cn-I-cwKw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Imcy-amb kw`m-h-\-IÄ AÀ¸n-¡p-¶-XnÂ DZm-ko-\-cmbn ImW-s -«p. ùXn-I-kp-Jm-kzm-Z-\m-k-àn-bnÂ AhÀ apgp-In-bn-cp¶p F¶v kmam-\y-ambn \nco-£n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Cu ]X\wCý-bnse {_mÒ-WÀ¡v apgps¡ Dm-bn-«p-Å-Xmbn hnth-Im-\-µ³ tcJ-s -Sp- n-bn-«p-v. Bcm-[\m tI{µ-§Ä Zpjn-X-§-fm-bn- oÀ¶p. tZh-]q-Pbv¡v kv{XoIÄ \ntbm-Kn-¡-s -«n-cp¶ tZh-Zm-ko-k-{¼-Zmbw A[:]Xn¨p.

Cu A[:]X\w \¼q-Xn-cn-amÀ _Ô-s -«p-t]m¶ FÃm cwK-§-fn-ep-ap-m-bn. \¼q-Xn-cn-am-cpsS kpJ-tem-ep-]-Xzhpw kmwkvIm-cnI aqey-§tfmSpÅ Ah-K-W-\bpw aWn-{]-hm-f-I-hn-X-I-fn-emWvIqSp-X-embpw, ImWp-I. 13-þmw iX-I- nsâ Bcw- - nÂ Dm-b-sX¶v Icp-X-s -Sp¶ sshin-I-X{´w apXÂ F.-Un. 1500-þ-Hm-Sp-IqSn hnc-Nn-X-amb Nt{µm-Õhw hsc-bpÅ aWn-{]-hmf IrXn-IÄs]mXpsh kv{XoI-fpsS ta\n-s¡m-gp- nsâ BIÀj-I-amb Bhn-jvI-c-W-§-fm-Wv. Cu Imes¯]e aWn-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-Ifpw ChnsS Hcp "KWn-Im-km-lnXy's¯ krjvSn¨p F¶p ]d-bmw. \¼q-Xn-cn-¡-hn-I-fpsS auen-Ihpw kzX-{ -hp-amb Imhy- m-h\ apgp-h³ \À¯-In-I-sfbpw KWn-I-I-sfbpwhÀWn-¡p-¶-XnÂ Nmcn-XmÀYy-a-S-ªp F¶Xv Zb-\o-b-am-Wv. C¯-c- nÂ PoÀW-X-bpsS ]q¡ÄcNn¨ \¼q-Xn-cn-¡-hn-I-fpsS am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn v A`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-§-fp-v. F¦nÂ -s¶bpwHcp Imcyw hyà-amWv. ae-bmf IhnX aq¶p- \q-äm-tmfw Imew \¼q-Xn-cn-am-cpsS ssIbnÂ tIhewkv{XohÀW-\m-{]-[m-\-am-bn- oÀ¶p. cmam-b-W- n-sebpw alm- m-c-X- n-sebpw ]pcm-W-§-fn-sebpwaln-tXm-Zm-c-amb Pohn-X-aq-ey-§-fpsS Pzen-¡p¶ Xo - -hp-ambn h¶ ChÀ Ihn-Xsb henb Hc-f-thmfw aqey-tim-j-W- n\v hnt[-b-am-¡n-¡-f-ªp.

Fgp-¯-Ñ³ ImWp¶ tIc-f-¯nsâ tIc-f-¯nsâ Zriy-anXmbn-cp-¶p.- Ihn-Xm-cw-Ks¯AhØ CXm-sW-¦nÂ cmjv{So-b-cw-Ks¯ ØnXn IqSp-XÂ Akzm-Øy-P-\-I-am-bn-cp-¶p. tIcfw]e JÞ-§-fm-bn, sNdp-InS cmPy-§-fmbn hn`-Pn-¡-s -Sp-Ibpw At\ym\yw Ie-ln-¡p¶ \m«p-cm-Pm-¡-·m-cmÂ `cn-¡-s -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-t]m-cp-¶p. hmkvtIm-Un-Kma tIc-f- nÂ h¶-t¸mÄ tIc-f- nÂ sNdp-Xpw, hep--Xp-ambn 41 \m«p-cm-Py-§Ä Dm-bn-cp-¶p-h-t{X. Xt±-io-bÀ Ass\-Iy- nepwIe-l- nepw apgpIn Aim- n-bpsS hn¯v hnX- -t¸mÄ ChnsS I -h-S- n-\p-h¶ t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-ImÀ¡v Imcyw km[n-¡m³ A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-Ncyw Hcp-¡n. t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-Im-cnÂ ]ecpw {IqccpwaX-{]-N-c-W- nÂ AXym- n-\n-th-i-ap-Å-hcpw Bbn-cp-¶p. AhÀ \m«p-Imsc \nÀ_-Ôn¨v aX-]-cn-hÀ¯-\- n\v hnt[-b-cm-¡n-sb¶v Ncn{Xw hyà-am-¡p-¶p.

C§s\ t\m¡p-t¼mÄ Hcphi¯v sslµh X¯z-§Ä Ihn-X-bn-eq-sSbpw aäpw {]N-cn- n¨vP\-§Ä¡v k·mÀKnI t_m[w \ÂtI--hÀ A§s\ sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw adp-h-i¯v t]mÀ¨p-Ko-kp-ImÀ {]mtZ-in-I-amb A´;On{Zs¯ apX-se-Sp¯p aX-]o-U\w \S¯n sslµh kaq-ls¯{hWn-X-am-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX-t¸mÄ kwPm-X-amb Akzm-Øy-amWv Fgp- -Ñ-\nse BNm-cy-s\bpwIhn-sbbpw DWÀ¯n-bXv F¶v Icp-Xm-hp¶XmWv. Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kaq-l- n\pw al- mbPohn-X- n\pw thn A`n-e-jn¨ A¶s¯ kaqlw Hcp c£-Is\ Nqn-Im-«p¶ IÀ¯hyw{]hm-N-I-·m-cp-sSXpw BNm-cy-·m-cp-sSXpw BWv. C¯cw c£-Is\ Is- p¶ a\-Ênsâ At\z-j-W-amWv Cý-bnÂ àn-bmbn ]cn-W-an- -Xv. CXn-lm-k-§-fnse cp-Pze IYm-]m-{X-§sf tIc-fo-



b-cpsS c£-I-cmbn Fgp- -Ñ³ DbÀ¯n- n-Sn¨p. A§s\ Xsâ Ime-L-«-t¯m-SpÅ ISa Fgp- -Ñ³ \nÀh-ln-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Cý-bnse ÌvXn {]Øm-\- nsâ {]tXy-IX Cu `à-·m-scÃmw Ihn-Ifpw Kmb-I-·mcpwBbn-cp¶p F¶-Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv `àn-{]-Øm-\- nsâ hfÀ -bpsS DPPz-e-amb tcJ-I-fmbn`àn-Im-hy-§Ä \ne-sIm-Åp-¶p. asämcp {]tXy-IX AXv PmXn-Nn- sb Ah-K-Wn-¡p-Ibpw kmaq-lnIamb D -\o-Nm-h-Ø-Isf \ntj-[n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p F¶-Xm-Wv. FÃm PmXn-bn-epw-s]« k\ym-kn-amÀ A¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. Cuiz-csâ ap¶nÂ `àn-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\-bnÂ, FÃm-hcpw ka³am-cm-sW¶ X¯zw P\-§Ä¡v t_m[y-s -Sp- n-s¡m-Sp-¡m³ k\ym-kn-amÀ¡p km[n- n-cp-¶p. bmYm-Øn-XnI {_mÒ-WXzw ]Wn-Xp-bÀ¯n-b, NmXpÀhÀWy- n-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kaq-l- nsâ ImÀ¡-iys¯ ka-Xz-Nn- m-K-Xn-bpsS BÀ{Z-X-sImv amÀZ-h-ap-Å-Xm-¡m³ `àn-{]-Øm-\- n\p Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ A[:ØnX-P-\-hn- m-K-§Ä¡v àn- hÀK-]-c-amb Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-¶p. tIc-f- nepw àn-{]-Øm-\s¯ hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp- -hÀ {_mÒ-W-cm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. {_mÒ-tW-X-c-cpsS sshIm-cn-Im-h-iy-s¯-bmWv `àn-{]-Øm\w AXnsâ BZy-Ime§fnÂ \nÀh-ln- Xv .

Cý³ P\-hÀK- nsâ sshIm-cn-tIm-Zv{K-Y\w cp L«-§-fn-em-bmWv \S-¡p-¶-Xv. CXn-lmk þ ]pcmW IY-IÄ Cý-bnÂ ka-{K-ambn hym]n- -tXm-sS-bmWv BZy-L«w ]qÀW-am-bXv. P\-§Ä¡n-S-bnse \m\m-Xcw sshcp-[y-§sf CÃm-Xm¡n Htc Xmf- nÂ `mc-Xob a\-Êp-Isf kv]µn-¸n-¡m³ t{]cW sNep- nb `àn-{]-Øm-\-amWv cmw L«s¯ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. CXpcpw ]e qhn- m-K-§-fnepw ]e Ime-b-f-hn-em-bn-«mWv kw`-hn- -Xv. CXnÂ cmw L«w tIc-fs¯kw_-Ôn- n-S-t¯mfw IS-¶p-h-¶Xv apJy-ambpw Fgp- -Ñsâ Ihn-X-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. A§s\ tIc-fo-b-cpsS bpK-{k-jvSmhpw bpK-{]- m-h-\p-amb Ihn-bmWv Fgp- -Ñ³. * (I-S- mSv;- F³.-ap-Ip-µ³þInfn- m«v, tIcf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v).Fgp- -Ñsâ Poh-N-cn{Xw

16-þmw iX-I- n-emWv Fgp- -Ñ³ Pohn- n-cp-¶Xv . s]mXpsh `mjmNcn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ AwKo-I-cn¨ Ime-b-fhv BWv CXv. F¶mepw C¡m-cy- nÂ A`n-{]mb hyXym-k-§Ä CÃm-Xn-Ã. tIc-f-Iu-apZn IÀ¯m-hmb tImhp®n s\Sp-§m-Sn-bpsS ]£- nÂ Fgp- -Ñsâ Pohn-X-Imew 15-þmw iX-I-am-Wv. KpÀ«n\pw _ÀWm-en\pw CXv 17-þmw iX-I-am-Wv. ae-bm-f- m-jm-N-cn-{X-Im-c-\mb ]n. tKmhn-µ-]nÅ ]d-bp-¶Xv G.-Un. 1525 \pw 1625 \pw at[y-bmWv Fgp- -Ñ³ Pohn- n-cp-¶Xv F¶m-Wv. BÀ.\mcm-b-W- -Wn-¡À, DÅqÀ ]c-ta-izc A¿À, kmln-Xy-]-©m-\-\³ ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n-Å, tUm.tNe-\m«v ANyp-X-ta-t\m³ F¶n-hÀ 16-þmw iX-I- nsâ ]£- m-Wv.

XncqÀ sdbnÂth-tÌ-j-\-Sp¯v Xr¡-n-bqÀ inh-t£-{X- n\v kao]w C¶v "Xp©³]-ds¼'¶v hnJym-X-amb Øe- mWv Fgp- -Ñ³ P\n- Xv F¶v s]mXpsh AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p. B[ym-ßn-I-amb A -co-£- n-em-bn-cp¶p At±-l- nsâ Pohn-Xw. At±-l- nsâ tPyjvT-\mbn "cma³' F¶ BNm-cy³ Dm-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡mw. NnäqÀ Kpcp-aTw Øm]n¨ Fgp-¯-Ñ\v Icp-Wm-I-c³, kqcy-\m-cm-b-W³ XpS-§nb injy³amÀ Dm-bn-cp-¶p.

Fgp- -Ñsâ P\-\-s¯-¡-pdn¨v th-Xn-e-[nIw sFXn-ly-§-fp-v. \½psS kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ ]ecpw Ch tcJ-s -Sp- n-bn-«p-v. AÑ³ {_mÒ-W\pw A½ N¡m-e-\m-bÀ kv{XobpwBbn-cp-¶p-sh¶v sFXn-ly-§-fnÂ \n¶pw a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. A{_m-Ò-W-\m-bn-cp¶p BNm-cy³ F¶v Duln-¡p-¶-XnÂ sXän-Ã. Nne tcJ-IÄ hgnbpw AÃm-sXbpw Bcm-[y-\mb BNm-cysâNn{Xw sXfnªp \nÂ¡p-¶p-v. A¶s¯ tIc-fob cmPm-¡-·m-cpsS B[ym-ßn-Im-Nm-cy-\m-bn-cp-¶p-hs{X Fgp- -Ñ³. tImgn-t¡m«v kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS Kpcp-hm-bn-cp¶p Fgp- -Ñ³ F¶pw hnizm-k-ap-v. Bgvhm-t©cn X{¼m-¡-fpsS D®n-Isf ]Tn- n- p. X{¼m-¡-fpsS B{K-l-{]-Imcw A[ym-ß-cm-am-bWw hnhÀ¯\w sNbvXp. F¶n-§s\ thsdbpw sFXn-ly-§Ä BNm-cy\v Npäpw ]cn-thjwNmÀ¯n-s¡mv ]cn-tim- n-¡p-¶p. an¡-hmdpw B[ym-ßnI PohnXw \bn- n-cp¶ Fgp- -Ñ³ hntZ-i-hmkw \S- n-b-Xmbn A`n-{]m-b-ap-v. 14-þmw iX-I- nÂ cNn-¡-s¸« A[ymßcm-am-bWw A§-s\-bm-Ws{X BNm-cysâ ssIbnÂ h¶p s]«-Xv.ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bpw Infn- m«p {]Øm-\-hpw



Fgp- -Ñ\p tijw Infn- m«p {]Øm-\¯n\v DÅ-S-¡- nsâ Imcy- nÂ hnIm-k-ap-m-sb-¦nepw Ihn-Xm-aqeyw ]cn-K-Wn- mÂ XfÀ -bmWv t\cn-«Xv . CXn-lm-k-§Ä¡p ]pd-sa, an¡hmdpw]pcm-W-§Ä, B[ym-ßn-I-Ir-Xn-IÄ, \oXn-im-kv{X-{K-Ù-§Ä, sFXn-ly-I-Y-IÄ F¶n-h-sbÃmwDÄs¡mv \½psS B[ym-ßn-I-þ- -àn-þ-ssh-Úm-\n-I-ta-J-e-Isf k¼-¶-am¡nbXv Infn- m«p {]Øm-\am-Wv.

Imhy-ssi-en-bpsS ]£- p-\n¶p t\m¡p-t¼mgpw Infn- m-«p-{]-Øm-\- nsâ {]m[m\yw Ipd-¨p-Im-Wm³ Ign-bn-Ã. `n¶-c-km-hn-jvI-c-W- n\v `n¶-ssien F¶ kao-]\w Infn- m-«p-{]m-Øm-\-¯nsâ hym]-\-t¯msS Ihn-IÄ kmÀh-{Xn-I-am-bn -kzo-Icn¨ncp-¶p.

GXp Kuc-h-apÅ hnjbw {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡m\pw {Zmhn-U-hr- -§Ä¡v Icp- pv F¶v t_m[y-s -Sp- n-bXv Infn- m-«p-I-fm-Wv. tIIbpw ImI-fnbpw B[p-\nI Ihn-IÄ {]tXyI Xmev]-cy-t¯msSD]-tbm-Kn- p-t]m-cp-¶Xv Infn- m-«nsâ t{]c-W-bpsS ^e-amsW¶p ]d-bm-w.

Infn- m«v {]Øm-\- nsâ ta· Hcp alm-{]-Xn- -bpsS DPz-e-amb km¶n-[y-am-Wv. B Pzen-¡p¶ Aán-in-J-bnÂ \n¶pw sImfp- nb sNdp-Xn-cn-IÄ am{X-amWv aäp ]e Infn- m-«p-I-hn-Ifpw.anI¨ Ih-\-{]-Xn- -I-fpsS krjvSn-IÄ Ah-cpsS khn-tij hyàn-Xz- nsâ {]Im-i-\w IqSn-bmWv.hyànXzw A\p-I-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv. Fgp- -Ñsâ {]Xn- -bnÂ hnfª Infn- m-«p-Isf A\p-I-cn- p-m-hp¶ IrXn-IÄ cmw Xctam aq¶mw Xctam Bbn- o-cpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. CXn\pw ]pd-sa,{]tXy-I-amb kmaq-ly-þ-kmw-kvIm-cnI kml-N-cy- n-emWv Fgp- -Ñ³ cmam-bWw Infn- m«pw mcXwInfn- m«pw cNn- -Xv. 16-þmw iX-I- nÂ Fgp- -Ñ\v A\p- -h-s¸« kmwkvIm-cn-Im-h-iy-§-fpsS k½ÀZw]nÂ¡m-e-I-hn-IÄ¡v AtX \ne-bnÂ Dm-bncp-¶p-anÃ.hni-Z-]-T\w:

kpµ-c-ImWvUwA²yßcmabW¯n\v _meImWvUw Atbm²ymImWvUw, BcWyImWvUw,

Injv¡nÔmImWvUw, kpµcImWvUw, bp²ImWvUw F¶n§s\ Bdv A²ymb§fpv. ChbnÂkpµcImWvUsamgn¨pÅ A©²ymb§fpsS t]cv kv]jvSamWv. F¶mÂ kqµcImWvUw F¶t]cnsâ AÀ°w A{X kv]jvSaÃ. at\mlcamb ImWvUw F¶À°¯nÂ kpµcImWvUw F¶pt]cnSm³ \ymbanÃ. kpµc³ (ZqX³) {][m\ IYm]m{Xambncn¡p¶ ImWvUw F¶ \nebvt¡Cu ImWvU\maw A\zÀ°ambncn¡pIbpÅp. ZqX\mb l\pamsâ {]hr¯nIfmWv CuImWvU¯nsâ hnjbw.

koXmt\zjWmÀ°w kp{Koh\mÂ \mep Zn¡nte¡pw Abbv¡s¸« hm\c·mcnÂZ£nWZn¡nte¡p t]mb AwKZmZnIÄ kap{Z ewL\¯n\p amÀ¤amtemNn¨v HSphnÂ l\pam³Xs¶bmWv ISÂ NmSnIS¡phm³ kaÀ°³ F¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶tXmSpIqSn InjvInÔmImWvUwAhkm\n¡p¶p.

{iocma\maw P]n¡p¶ `à\v kwkmckmKcw IS¡phm³ FfpXmbncnt¡, I¿nÂcmamwKpeobhpw hln¨v cmaZqX\mbn¸pds¸«ncn¡p¶ X\n¡v Cu sNdnb kap{Zs¯ IS¡phm³`bansÃ¶v ]dªv l\pam³ hmepbÀ¯n ssIhncn¨v Igp¯p \o«n Nm«amcw`n¨p. l\pamsâkmlkw Iv A¼c¶ tZh·mÀ Ipc§nsâ tijn H¶p ]cn£n¨p Ifbmsa¶p IcpXn\mKamXmhmb kpcksb ]h\kpXPhKXn apS¡phm\mbn \ntbmKn¨p. Xs¶ hngp§phm³hm ]nfÀ¶p ap¶nÂ\nÂ¡p¶ kpcksb Iv l\pam³ kzicocw GXm\pw aS§p hfÀ¯n.kpck AXns\m¯v IqSpXÂ hnkvXmc¯nÂ hm ]nfÀ¶p. l\pamsâ icochpw kpckbpsShmbpw XpSÀ¶v Hcp hep¸ aÕcw \S¶p. c£bnsÃ¶p a\Ênem¡nb l\pam³ s]s«¶pIriKm{X\mbn kpckbpsS DÅnÂ¡bdn Xt]m_ewsImv ]pd¯pIS¶p.kpck ]ns¶]co£W¯n\p \nÂ¡msX l\pams\ A`n\µn¨v A\p{Kln¨v Ab¨p. A\´cw cmaZqX\phn{iaw \ÂIphm³ kap{Zw ]dªb¨ {]Imcw ssa\mI]ÀÆXw BXnYy¯ns\mcp§nb¦nepwAsXm¶pw kzoIcn¡msX l\pam³ bm{X XpSÀ¶p. apIfnÂ IqSn ]d¶pt]mIp¶hsc \ngÂ]nSn¨p\nÀ¯n sIm¶p Xn¶p¶ knwlnIbmbncp¶p ASp¯ ieyw. Ahsf l\pam³



sXmgn¨psIm¶p. kÔytbmSpIqSnAt±lw e¦mtKm]pc¯nse¯n.tZlw sNdpXm¡n CS¯pImÂh¨p AI¯p IS¡m³ {ian¨ l\pams\ tKm]pcw

Im¯p\n¶ e¦me£van XSp¯p \nÀ¯n {]lcn¨p. l\pam³ Xncn¨psImSp¯ apjvSn{]lctaäve¦me£van \new]Xn¨p. CtXmSpIqSn im]tam£w h¶ e£van l\pam\v hnPbmiwkIÄ t\À¶ve¦bnÂ \n¶p ]n³hm§n. A\ćw e¦bnseÃmw hfsct\cw At\zjn¨p \S¶Xn\ptijamWvinwi]mhr£t¨m«nÂ \nimNcnIfmÂ Npäs¸«v tJZn¨ncn¡p¶ koXsb l\pam³ IXv.hr£¯nsâ imJbnÂ adªncp¶v e£yw km[n¨Xnepmb IrXmÀ°XtbmsS cmaZqX³Ipdsªm¶p hn{ian¡sh cmhW³ irwKmcthjaWnªv koXsb A\p\bn¸n¡m³AhnsSsb¯n. \nÊmc\mb cmas\ ad¶p {XntemI N{IhÀ¯nbmb Xs¶ kzoIcn¡phm³cmhW³ koXtbmSv tIWt]£ns¨¦nepw ]Xn{hXbpsS tIm]w Pzen¸n¡phmt\ B{]Wb{]IS\w {]tbmP\s¸«pÅq. cmhW³ koXsbs¡mÃphm³ hmtfm§n. F¦nepw aWvtUmZcnCu ]m]IÀ½¯nÂ \n¶p À¯mhns\ ]nńcn¸n¡pIbmWpmbXv. koXbpsS a\Êp amäphm³\nimNcnItfmSv BÚm]n¨tijw cpamkw IqSn £an¨ncn¡msa¶ \nÝbt¯msS AgInbcmhW³ h¶hgn Xncn¨pt]mbn. \nimNcnIfnÂ {XnPS F¶hÄ cmhW\miw kz]v\wIncp¶Xn\mÂ koXsb Ae«phm³ AhÀ¡p `bambncp¶p. AhscÃmw InS¶pd§n.

koX X\n¨mbt¸mÄ k¦Sw kln¡msX Fgpt¶äp \n¶p XmWpInS¶ Hcpinwi]mimJbpw Ahew_n¨p I®p\oÀ hog v¯n IcªpXpS§n. CsXÃmw Ivhr£imJbnencp¶ l\pam³ ]Xps¡ {iocmahr¯m´¯nÂ XpS§n Xm³ AhnsSF¯nbncn¡p¶ IYhsc ]dªp XoÀ¯p. CXptI«v kt´mjn¨ koX ‘F\n¡v IÀ®marXambCu hm¡pIÄ Hcp ]pcpjtâXmsW¦nÂ B am\y³ Fsâ ap¼nÂ ImWmbvhcs«’ F¶p]dªt¸mÄ l\pam³ Xmsgbnd§nh¶v tZhnbpsS Imev¡Â \akvIcn¨p. F¦nepw ambmhnbmbcmhWsâ IpkrXnbmIptam CsXÃmw F¶ bwsImv koXmtZhn anmXncp¶tXbpÅq. H¶pwt]Sn¡s¶pw Xm³ kp{Kohsâ kNnh\msW¶pw EPparZpkv^pShÀ®hmIyambn Adnbn¨sshbmIcW\mb l\pams\ ]ns¶ Ahnizknt¡XnsÃ¶p tXm¶pIbmÂ tZhn At±lt¯mSphntij§Ä tNmZn¨p. l\pam³ IYsbÃmw hnkvXcn¨p ]dªv A`nÚm\ambn sImph¶cmamwKpeobw koXbv¡p sImSp¡pIbpw cma³ ]dªb¨ ASbmfhmIyw Adnbn¡pIbpwsNbvXp.

koXbnÂ \n¶v ASbmfambn NqUmaWnbpw ASbmf hmIyambn PbÍYbpw {Kln¨pl\pam³ bm{X ]dªp. F¦nepw DSs\ ISÂ¡phm\Ã At±l¯n\v tXm¶nbXv. {][m\Imcywkm[n¡p¶tXmsSm¸w thsd NneXpIqSn km[n¡p¶h\mWv D¯aZqX³. AXn\mÂ cmhWs\¡vImcyw ]dªpt]mIWsa¶ \nÝbt¯msS l\pam³ AXns\mcp hgnbmbn DZym\wXIÀ¯pXpS§n. FXnÀ¯p h¶ ImhÂ¡mscÃmw £tW\ sImÃs¸«p. hnhcadnª cmhW³\qdmbncw tbm²m¡sf Ab- p. l\p-amsâ KZm-{]-tbm-K- nÂ FÃm-hcpw Xhn-Sp-s]m-Sn-bmbn.]ns¶ h¶ tk\m-\m-b-I-·mÀ¡pw a{ń-]p-{X-·mÀ¡pw CXp-X-s¶-bm-bn-cp¶p A\p- -hw. A\- cwcmh-Wsâ Cf-b-]p-{X-\mb A£-Ip-am-c³ h¶p. ASn-tbäp acn- p. XpSÀ¶v FXn-cn« C{µ-Pn¯vl\p-am\v \nÊm-c-\m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw AbmÄ Aä I¿mbn {]tbm-Kn¨ {_Òm-kv{Xs¯ _lp-am-\n¨pl\p-am³ tamlm-e-ky-s¸«p InS-¶p. _Ô-\-Ø-\mb l\p-am³ cmh-W-k-¶n-[n-bnÂ {]th-in-¡-s¸-«p. kZ-ÊnÂ h¨p cmas\ ]pI-gv¯nbpw cma-ssh-cnsb CI-gv¯nbpw l\p-am³ ]dª hm¡p-IÄtI«v tcmjm-Ô-\mb cm£-Ê-N-{I-hÀ¯n Chs\ sh«n-\p-dp-¡p-hn³ F¶m-Úm-]n- p. ZqXs\s¡mÃpItbmKy-a-sÃ¶p ]d-bp-hm³ kZ-Ên-sem-cm-fp-m-bn-cp-¶p. hnòjW³, hm\-c- n\p hmemWv {][m-\w. AXn\p Xo sImfp¯n ]«-W- nÂ sImp-\-S¶p {]ZÀin- n- mÂ \Ã in£-bm-bn-s¡m-Åp-sa-¶m-bn-cp¶p hnò-j-Wsâ D]-tZ-iw. cm£-k-·mÀ l\pams\ hcn-ªp-sI-«n. hmenÂ XpWn-NpänXobpw sImfp- n. l\p-am³ s]«¶v Iri-Km-{X-\m-Ip-Ibpw _Ô-\-hn-ap-à-\mbn taevt¸m-t«¡v NmSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. koX-bn-cp¶ `mKhpw hnò-j-Wsâ hoSp-sam-gnsIbpÅ e¦ apgp-h\pw Nm¼-em-b-Xm-bn-cp¶p êw. IS-en-en-d§n Xo sISp¯nb tijw hopw koX-sb-¡v hnS-hm-§nb l\p-am³ \njv{]-bmkw C¡cbv¡p NmSn-¡-S-¶p. Iq«p-Im-cp-ambn {iocm-a-k-a£w hs¶- nb l\p-



am\p In«nb kzmKXw Duln-¡m-t\-bm-hq. {iocma-tZ-hsâ BtÇjw A\p- -hn-¡m³ `mKy-ap-mbl\p-am-t\mSv Akq-b-s¸-«p-sImv cma- -àm-Vy-\mb Fgp- -Ñ³ kpµ-c-ImWvUw kpµ-c-ambn Ah-km-\n- n-¡p-¶p.

aqe-{K-Ù-a-\p-k-cn v XÀÖa sN¿pI am{X-amWv Fgp- -Ñ-\sâ {][m\ IÀ -hy-sa-¦nepw kzX-{ -amb Iev]-\-IÄ sImv Hmtcmtcm `mh-§sf Ipsd-¡qSn {]Im-in- n-¡p¶ Imcy- nÂ At±lwhcp- n-bn-«pÅ hyXn-bm-\-§Ä X Bkz-mZy-I-c-am-Wv. aqe-{K-Ù- nÂ \mev tÇmI- nÂ kw{K-ln- n-cn-¡p¶ e¦m-Z-l-\-IY Fgp- Ñ³ \qdnÂ¸cw hcn-I-fnÂ kc-k-ambn¸d-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶-p.

aqe-{K-Ù- nÂ Ihn IY ]d-bp-¶p. XÀÖ-a-bnÂ kc-kzXn hnf-bm-Sp-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv.]mÂ¡-SÂ¯nc XÅn-tbdn hcp-¶-Xp-t]mse ]Z-§Ä Xsâ \mhnÂ¡-fn-¡p-sa-¶p Ip©³\-¼ymÀ]dªp ImWp-¶p. hmcn-[n-X-¶nÂ¯n-c-am-e-I-sf-¶-t]mse ]Zm-hen Imte-Imte tXm¶-W-sa¶v Fgp-

-Ñ³ A²ym-ß-cm-am-b-W- nsâ Bcw- - nÂ kc-kz-Xn-tbmSp {]mÀ°n-¡p¶pv. \¼ym-cpsSBß-{]-iwk t`mjvIm-bn-Ã. F¶-Xp-t]mse Fgp- -Ñsâ {]mÀ°\ hn -e-hpam-bn-Ã. hmcn-[n-bnseXnc-ame t]mse-bpÅ ]Zm-h-en¡v Fgp- -Ñ³ IrXn-I-fnÂ \n¶p In«p¶ D -tam-Zm-l-c-W-amWvkpµ-c-Im-WvUw.

`à-Ihn ]q´m\w

Fgp- -Ñ³, taÂ]p- qÀ F¶n-h-cpsS ka-Im-en-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p, ae-bm-f- nse mjm -I-hn-I-fnÂ At{K-k-c-\m-bn-cp¶ ]q´m\w \¼q-Xn-cn. At±-l- nsâ Pohn-X-s - än hyà-amb Adn-hp-Itfm Ncn-{X-tc-J-Itfm CÃ. Gdn-b-Iqdpw sFXn-ly-§sf Bkv]-Z-am-¡n-bpÅ hnh-c-§-fmWv \ap¡pe`n- n-«p-Å-Xv. ]q´m\¯nsâ Imew F.-Un. 1548 \pw 1640\pw at²y-bm-sW¶v s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«p-v. ]gb hÅp-h-\m-«p-Xm-eq-¡nÂ s\t·\n hwi- n-emWv ]q´m\w CÃw. Ihn-bpsS t]cv{_Ò-Z- ³ F¶m-sW-¶pÅ Nne-cpsS A`n-{]mbw DÅqÀ XpS-§n-b-hÀ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã. At±lwXsâ IrXn-I-fnÂ Kqcp-hmbn kvacn-¡p¶ \oe-I-WvT³ Bsc¶p hyà-a-Ã. ]q´m\w sXm®qdphb-tÊmfw Pohn- n-cp-¶-Xm-bn k´m-\-tKm-]mew hyà-am¡p¶p. `mjm-IÀ®m-ar-X- nÂ C§s\ImWmw:

‘Xz¶m-a-k-¦oÀ -\-sa-®n-sb®nsXm®p-d-Sp- p-]-cn-h-Õ-cwta’

Sn- p-d- p-Xn-cp-am-Ômw-Ip-¶n\p kao]w ‘CS- p-]pdw’ Fs¶mcp IrjvW-kzman t£{X-apv. CuIrjvW-\mWv ]q´m-\- nsâ Bcm-[-\m-aqÀ¯n-bmb ‘hma-]p-cm-[o-i³’. CXn\p kao-]-am-bn-cp¶p]q´m\w CÃw F¶v Hcp A`n-{]m-b-ap-v.

]q´m-\-s - än Ht«sd sFXn-ly-§Ä {]Nm-c- n-ep-v. Kpcp-hm-bq-c- s\ kZm Pn- p-sImvImew Ign- n-cp¶ At±lw \sÃmcp `mK-h-X-]m-cm-b-W-¡m-c-\m-bn-cp-¶p. Hm¯n-Ãm¯ \¼q-Xn-cn-bm-bn-cp¶p At±-lw. thZm-[n-Imcw CÃm¯ C¡q-«-À Hcp Xmgv¶ hn`m-K-ambn IcpX-s -«n-cp-¶p. ]t£At±-l- nsâ `àn \nÀ`-c-amb `K-hXw hmb\ alm-]-WvUn-X-·m-sc-t¸mepw AÛp-X-s -Sp- n-.‘k´m-\-tKm-]mew’ ]m\ -c-Nn- -XnÂ k{¼o-X-\mb Kpcp-hm-bq-c- sâ A\p-{Klw aqe-amWv At±-l-¯n\v Hcp D®n Dm-b-Xv. ]t£ Ccp-«p-ap-dn-bnÂ InS-¶n-cp¶ B Ip«n-bpsS taÂ Btcm apjnªhkv{X-§Ä hmcn-bn-«p F¶pw A§s\ B inip acn-¡m³ CS-bmbn F¶p-amWv IY. Cu Zp:Jwkln-¡m-\m-hmsX inip-hnsâ PUw aSn-bnÂ InS- n-s¡mv At±lw sNmÃn-bp-m-¡n-b-Xm-Wt{XÚm\- m-\. AXn-\p-tijw \mSp-hn« At±lw CÃ-t¯¡p aS-§n-bn-Ã. ]q´m-\- nsâ ]mWvUn-Xy-an-Ãm-bvasb taÂ]-p¯qÀ ]cn-l-kn- -IY hfsc {]kn-²-am-Wv. Xsâ k´m-\-tKm-]mew H¶p ]cn-tim-[n¨p ]ng XoÀ¯p Xc-W-sa¶ ]q´m-\- nsâ At]£ taÂ]p- qÀ \nc-kn- -Xmbpw A¶pcm{Xn taÂ]p- q-cn\p hmX-tcmKw aqÀÑn- -Xmbpw Cu IY-bnÂ ]d-bp-¶p. taÂ]p- p-cnsâ hn`-àn-sb-¡mÄ(]m-WvUn-Xy-s¯-¡mÄ) ]q´m-\- nsâ `àn-bmWv X\n-¡n-jvS-sa¶v Kpcp-hm-bq-c- ³Acp-fn-s -bvXp. (Cu sFXn-lyamWv alm-Ihn hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ `ànbpw hn`-ànbpw F¶ Ihn-X-bpsS {]ta-bw) sIm«n-bqÀ t£{X- nse aqÀ¯n-bmb ]c-a-in-h\v ]q´m-\- nsâ mK-hXw hmb\F{X tI«n«pw aXn h¶n-sÃ¶pw Zia-kvI-Ô¯nse IÀln-Nn-Z-[ymbw tIÄ¡m-\mbn tZh³ Xs¶\ntXy\ AS-bmfw amän h¨p-t]m¶p F¶pw asämcp IY-bp-v. ]q´m-\s¯ Hcn-¡Â Hcp-k-wLwsImÅ-¡mÀ hf-ª-t¸mÄ, kmap-Xn-cn-bpsS a{´n-bmb a§m-«-¨sâ cq]-¯nÂ Kpcp-hm-bq-c-¸³



{]Xy-£-s¸«v c£n-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. a§m« -\v \µn-]qÀÆw ]q´m\w Xsâ tamXncw k½m-\n-¨p.]ntä¶v AXv Kpcp-hm-bq-c- sâ hn{K-l- nÂ ImW-s -«p. k´m-\-tKm-]m-e- nse sshIpWvT¯nsâhÀ®\ ]q´m-\- n\v kz]v\-cq-t]W e`n¨ sshIp-WvT-ZÀi-\- nsâ e-am-bn-cp-¶p. hmÀ²-IyhpwtcmKhpw aqew Kpcq-hm-bp-cnÂ t]mIm-\m-ImsX ]q´m\w InS- n-em-b-t¸mÄ, Kpcp-hm-bq-c- ³ {]-Xy-£-s¸« Øm\- mWv CS- p-d- p -t£{Xw Øm]n- n-«p-Å-Xv. ac-Wm-k-¶-\mbn InS¶ ]q´m-\s¯{ioIr-jvW³ t\cn-«p- {]-Xy-£-s¸«v DS-temsS kzÀ¤-t¯-¡p- sIm-p-t]mbn F¶-XmWv asämcpIY. ]caZcn-{Z\pw IdI-fª Cuiz-c- -à-\p-am-bn-cp¶p ]q´m-\-sa-¶pw, ]ma-c-P-\-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂAt±-l- nsâ mjm-Ir-Xn-Ifpw IoÀ¯\-§fpw h¼n¨ {]Nmcw t\Sn-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶pw Cu IY-IÄhyà-am-¡p-¶p.

]q´m-\- nsâ IrXn-IÄ F¶v \nkvXÀ¡-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s -«n-«pÅ IrXn-I-fmWv {ioIr-jvW-IÀ®m-ar-Xw, k´m-\-tKm-]mew ]m\, Úm\- m\ F¶n-h. k´m-\-tKm-]m-e- nsâ {]mcw- -¯nÂ“aXn-sN¶p Ipam-c-lc-WamwIY-X-¶nÂ apgp-In- -a-I-bmÂ”F¶p-Im-Wp-¶-Xp-sImp B Ir-Xn-bpsS t]cv ‘Ipam-c-l-cWw’ F¶m-sW¶v DÅqÀ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p. ]q´m-\-sa-gp-Xnb IYm-Jym\{][m-\-amb GIIrXn CXm-Wv. eoem-ip-Isâ ‘{ioIr-jvW-IÀ®m-arXw’ F¶ kwkvIr-X-Im-hys¯ amXr-I-bm-¡nbpw AXns\ A\p-I-cn- p-amWv ]q´m\w‘`mjm-IÀ®m-arXw’ cNn-- -Xv. ]p{X-ZqxJwaqew a\-Êp-cpIn temI-hn-c-àn-bn-se- n-t¨À¶ ]q´m\wCuiz-c-Úm-\-s -¡p-dn v cNn¨ efn-X-amb ]m\- m-«mWv Úm\- m\. Cu mjm-Ir-Xn-IÄ IqSmsXkwkvIr-X- nepw Xan-gn-ep-ambn 26 IrXn-IÄ ]q´m\w cNn- n-«p-Å-Xmbn KWn-¡-s -Sp-¶p. Ch-bnÂGdnb ]¦pw IoÀ¯-\-§fmWv. tIc-fo-b-Kr-l-§-fnÂ ]Xn-hmbn kÔym-\m-a-ambn sNmÃn-t¸m-¶n«pÅ IoÀ¯-\-§-fnÂ ]eXpw ]q´m-\- nsâ cN-\-I-fm-Wv. “A¼mSnX¶n-sem-cp-®n-bp--§s\. . . . . .” F¶p XpS-§p¶ ‘B\-µ-\r¯w’ hfsc {]kn-²-am-Wv.`àn-{]-Øm-\hpw ]q´m-\hpw

Fgp¯Ñsâ IrXn-I-sf-¡-gn-ªmÂ mc-Xo-b- -àn-{]-Øm-\- nsâ khn-ti-j-X-I-sfÃmw H¯n-W§n¡mWp-¶Xv ]q´m-\- nsâ IrXn-I-fn-em-Wv. àn-bpsS alna,kzhÀ¤- nsâ PoÀ®X, D®n-Ir-jvWsâ eoe-IÄ F¶nh Cu IrXn-I-fnÂ \nd-ªp-\nÂ¡p-¶p.

F.Un 12 apXÂ 16 hsc-bpÅ \qäm-pI-fnÂ `mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-N-cn-{X- nÂ hcp- nbh¼n¨ ]cn-hÀ -\-§-fpsS e-am-bn-cp¶p, XpSÀ¶p-mb àn-{]-Øm-\w. apKÄ -c-W- nsâ £tbm-·p-J-X, hntZ-i-i-àn-I-fpsS hchv, {]mtZ-in-I- hn- mK§fn-ep-mb DWÀÆv, CÉmw þ ss{IkvX-h-a-X-§-fn-eqsS {]Ncn¨ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw F¶nh Cu Ime-L-«- nsâ khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.]t£ lnµp-a-X- nse {]_-e-amb {_mÒ-Wm-[n-]-Xy-t -tbm, PmXn-hy-h-Ø-tbtbm inYn-e-am-¡m³Ch-bvs¡m¶pw Ign-ªn-Ã. Cu hÀ¤-ta-[m-hn-Xz- nsâ Xnà- -e-§Ä a[y-hÀ¤- nÂs -«-h-cpw Iotg-¡n-S-bn-ep-Å-hcpw A\p- -hn-t¡-n-h-¶p. ChÀ ssIs¯m-gn-ep-I-fn-eq-sSbpw aäpw km¼- n-I-kzm-X{´yw t\Sn {_mÒ-Wm-[n-]-Xy- n-s\-Xn-cmbn Hcp sNdp- p-\nÂ v F¶ \ne-bnÂ àn-{]-Øm-\s¯hfÀ¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C§s\ 15 þ 16 \qämpIfn-embn iàn-{]m-]n¨ `àn-{]-Øm\w hnhn-[-tZ-iob P\-hn-`m-K-§-fpsS DbÀs¯-gp-t¶Â¸n\pw tZio-b-`m-j-I-fp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-§-fp-sSbpwhfÀ¨bv¡pw hgn-sX-fn- p. kmln-Xy- nse `àn-{]-Øm-\- n\p t\XrXzw sImSp¯ dmbn-Zmkv,I_oÀ, Xp¡m-dw, XpS-§nb Ihn-I-sf-Ãm-hcpw Xs¶ A{_m-Ò-Wcpw Xmgv¶-Xcw sXmgn-ep-IÄ sNbvXn-cp-¶-hcpw Bbn-cp-¶p. kwkvIr-X- nsâ ap¼nÂ hyànXzapÅ tZi- m-j-Isf AhÀ {]Xn-jvTn- p.thtZ-Xn-lm-k-§Ä tZi- m-j-I-fnte¡p ]IÀ¶mÂ ssZh-in-£-In-«p-sa¶ hmZs¯ \ncm-I-cn- p. ssZh-¯n-\p-ap-¼nÂ FÃm-hcpw ka³am-cm-sW¶v `àn-{]-Øm\w kn²m- n- p. `àn-bn-eqsS GhÀv¡pwCuiz-c-km-£mÂ¡mcw km[n-¡p-sa-¶-hÀ kaÀ°n- p. kvt\ls¯ Cuiz-c-\m-bn-¡-cpXn. Cuiz-c- -ànbpw a\p-jy-kvt\-lhpw AhÀ¡v H¶m-bn-cp¶p.

`à-I-hn-I-sfÃmw kwkvIrX-]-WvUn-X-·m-cm-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw {]mtZ-in-I- m-j-I-fn-emWv AhÀImhy-c-N\ \S- n-b-Xv. AhÀ {]mtZ-in-I-sam-gn-Isf kwtbm-Pn- n-¡p-Ibpw mj-bv¡p-Ånse ssien-Isf DZv{K-Yn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]m«p- m-j-I-fp-sSbpw aWn-{]-hm-f-ssi-en-bp-sSbpw ka-\zbw CXn-\p-



Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ]ma-c-P-\-§Ä¡p-t]mepw \ma-k-¦oÀ¯-\- n-eqsS Cuiz-c-k-¶n-[n-bn-se- n-t -cm-sa¶ hnizmkw Cu `àn-Im-hy-§Ä P\-Xbv¡p \ÂIn. {_mÒ-W-aXs¯bpw Ah-cpsS Al-¦m-c-s¯bpw cq£- m-j-bnÂ hnaÀin¨ `à-I-hn-IÄ a\p-jysâ Bßm- n-am-\s¯ DbÀ¯n- n-Sn- p.ssZh- nsâ ap¶nÂ a\p-jy-scÃmw ka-·m-cm-sW¶pw DÂIr-jvS-Kp-W-§-fmWv a\p-jys\ Cuiz-c-t\mSv ASp- n-¡p-¶-sX¶pw AhÀ kmam-\y-P-\-§sf t_m[y-s -Sp- n. Bß-]o-U-IÄ, XoÀ°m- -S-\-§Ä, aX-]-c-amb NS-§p-IÄ AÔ-hn-izm-k-§Ä XpS-§n-b-hsb FXnÀ¯p-sImv àn {]Øm\wa\p-jy-km-tlm-Z-cys¯ DbÀ¯n- n-Sn- p.

Ah-Xm-c-I-Y-I-fpsS BJym-\-amb `mK-h-X-amWv `àn-{]-Øm-\s¯ Gähpw IqSp-XÂ kzm[o-\n--Xv. AXnse Zi-a-kvIÔw {ioIr-jvW-I-Y-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xm-h-Ø-I-fnÂ \n¶p AI¶p \n¶ cma³

Ah-Xm-c-]p-cp-j³ F¶ \ne-bnepw, am\p-jn-I- m-h-§-fpsS aqÀ¯n-a-Zv m-h-amb IrjvW³ c£-Is\¶\ne-bnepw Bcm-[n-¡-s -«p. ssii-hm- n-apJy-apÅ Ihn-IÄ¡v D®n-bmbpw (D-Zm-þ-]q- m-\w) buh-\-Xo-{h-X-bmÀ¶-hÀ¡v Imap-I-\mbpw (D-Zm-þ- -à-ao-c) Ac-£n-X-t_m-[apÅhÀ¡v c£-I-\mbpw (D-Zm-þ-F-gp- -Ñ³) IrjvW³ amdn. Cu ]dª cv Cuiz-c-_nw-_-§-sfbpw km[m-c-Wo-I-cn-¡m\pw P\lrZ-b-§-fnÂ Bg- nÂ {]Xn-jvTn-¡m\pw à-I-hn-IÄ¡p-I-gn-ªp. Ah-cpsS IrXn-IÄ Bem-]-\- n-\p-thnbmbn-cp¶p; X·qew P\-§-fpsS \mtSm-Sn-ioepw Imhy-cq-]-§fpw AhÀ D]-tbm-Kn- p.

Fgp- -Ñ³, ]q´m\w F¶n-h-cpsS Ime- n\p ap¼v ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse cp kam- c[mc-I-fm-bn-cp¶p ]m«pw aWn-{]-hm-fhpw. ‘Imam-Xp-c-amb a\-Ênsâ cXn-hn-em-]-§Ä’ F¶v aWn-{]-hmfw hnti-jn- n-¡-s -«n-«p-v. Cu Zpjn¨ aWn-{]-hm-f-t¯mSpw AXnsâ kwkvIm-c-t¯m-Sp-apÅsNdp- p-\n-ev]m-bn-cp¶p ]m«p-{]-Øm-\w. A{_m-Ò-W-I-hn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p Cu ]m«p-{]-Øm-\- nsâ{]tbm-àm-¡Ä. ChÀ kwkvIr-X- m-j-tbmSp hnt[-bXzw ImWn-¡msX tZio-b- m-j-bpsS {]tXyI-X-IÄ \ne-\nÀ¯n. ‘Dugn-bnÂ sNdn-b-hsâ’ Ac-£n-X-t_m-[s¯bpw \nÊ-lm-b-X-sbbpw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-hm³ cma-s\¶ c£-I-_nw-_s¯ Ah-X-cn- n- -h-cmWv cma-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw XpSÀ¶p-h¶ I®-È³,F-gp- -Ñ³ XpS-§n-b-hcpw. ]q´m-\- nsâ Bcm-[-\m-_nw-_-am-Is« IrjvW-\m-bn-cp-¶p-þ-hn-ti-jn¨pw D®n-¡r-jvW³. ]q´m\w \njvI-f-¦-amb àn-sImv aWn-{]-hm-f- kwkvIm-cs¯ sNdp¯p\nev¡m³ am{X-aÃ IS-¶m-{I-an-¡m\pw X¿m-dm-bn. BVy-{_m-Ò-W-cpsS thfn , _mÔhw XpS-§nbk{¼-Zm-b-§Ä IpSpw_ _Ô-§-sf- s¶ inYn-eo-I-cn- n-cp-¶p. D]-Po-h-\- n-\p-thn t£{X-§-fnse ]qP, tlmam-Zn-IÄ XpS-§n-bh \S- n-h¶ CS- -c-¡m-cmb Zcn-{Z-{_m-Ò-WÀ asämcp hn`m-K-am-bn-cp-¶p. Cu t£t{Xm-]-Po-hn-I-fnÂs¸« Bfm-bn-cp¶p `mK-h-X-]m-cm-b-W¡mc-\m-bn-cp¶ ]q´m-\-hpw. Cu hÀ¤- nsâ Pohn-X-Nm-]-ey-§fpw Zpcm-i-Ifpw ]q´m-\- nsâ ‘Úm\- m-\’-bnÂ ISp¯]cn-lm-k- n-\p-hn-t[-b-am-Ip-¶p-v.

“tIme-I-§-fnÂ tkh-I-cm-bn«ptImew sI«n sRfn-bp-¶nXp NneÀ”

XpS-§nb `mK-§Ä DZm-l-c-Ww. k¼¶ hÀ¤s¯ tkhn¨v Zcn-{Z-cmbn, iq{ZÀ¡p Xpey-cmbn Ign-tb-n-h¶ Du \-¼q-Xn-cn{_mÒWÀ {ItaW ]m«p-im-J-bnse IoÀ¯-\-{]-Øm-\-hp-ambn ASp- p.{]mNo\ aWn-{]-hmf Ihn-I-fnÂ Zriy-a-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ `àn-]m-c-hiyw Ch-cnÂ ImW-s -«p. sshjvWhIhn-I-fn-eqsS ChÀI-s- nb c£I_n_w {ioIr-jvW-tâ-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. mK-h-X-]m-cm-b-Whpw t£{X-§fnse ]pcmWIYm-Jym-\-§-fp-am-bn-cp¶p CXn\p t{]c-W. Cu {_mÒW Ihn-IÄ ]m«nsâ {ZanU-kw-Lm-Xm-£-c-i-co-cs¯ efnXaWn-{]-hm-f- i-co-c-ambn ]cn-hÀ¯n- n- p. A§s\ Fgp- -Ñ-sâbpw]q´m-\- nsâ Ime-am-b-t¸m-tg¡v ]m«n-sâbpw aWn-{]-hm-f- n-sâbpw mjm-]-c-ab ka\zbw ]qÀ¯n-bm-bn.

\mSp-hmgnIfpsS A[n-Im-ca-Õ-c-§Ä, P·n-Xz-¯nsâ {Iqc-X-IÄ, D]-cn-hÀ¤-¯nsâkm·mÀKnIm[:]X\w, hntZ-i-i-àn-I-fpsS On{Z-{]-hÀ¯-\-§Ä F¶n-h-sImv Iep-j-amb HcpIme-L-«- n-emWv ]q´m\w Pohn- n-cp-¶-Xv. Ahy-h-Øn-X-amb Cu Ime-L-«-t¯m-SpÅ, [À½-kw-Øm-]-\-hy-{K-amb Hcp a\-Ênsâ {]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn-cp¶p Fgp- -Ñsâ Ihn-X. At±-l- nsâ IrXn-I-fnÂ cma\pw IrjvW\pw c£-I-Øm-\¯p \nÂ¡p¶ ]nXr-_nw-_-§-fm-bn. [À½-Øm-]-\- n-\p-thn tI{µo-Ir-X-amb Hcp A[n-Im-c-iàn \ne-hnÂ hc-W-sa¶ AZ-ay-a-amb A`n-\n-thiw Fgp-¯-Ñ-\nÂ Dm-bn-cp-¶p. X·qew [À½m-[n-jvTn-X-amb cmP-i-àn-bpsS DZvKm-Xm-hm-bn- oÀ¶p At±-lw. F¶mÂ ]q´m\w XpS-§nb {_mÒ-W-I-hn-IÄ `ua-amb C¯cw Hcp A[n-Im-c-i-ànsb CÑn-¨n-Ã.-hyànPohn-X- nÂ X§Ä¡p \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« kvt\l-_-Ô-§fpw ]nXr-Xz`m-hhpw kzIr-Xn-



I-fn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-I-bmWv sNdp-tÈ-cnbpw ]q´m-\hpw sNbvX-Xv. AXp-sIm-mWv AhÀ{ioIr-jvWs\ ssii-h-_nw-_-ambn Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶Xv. ]q´m\w {ioIr-jvW-\nÂ sN¶p ebn-¡m-\-Ã, D®n-Ir-jvW³ Xsâ a\-ÊnÂ t]m¶m-hnÀ`-hn-¡m-\mWv B{K-ln- -Xv.

Úm\-¸m\1. Kpcp-\m-Y³ XpW-sNbvI k´Xw

Xncp-\m-a-§Ä \mhn-t·-se-s¸mgpw]ncn-bm-sX-bn-cn-¡Ww \½psS\c-P·w k -e-am-¡o-Sp-hm³

(...................Kpcpkvac-W-tbmsS Im-hyw Bcw- n-¡p-¶p.Úm\- m-\-bpsS BZn-bnÂ t]cp \nÀt±-in-bv¡msX ‘Kpcp-\m-Y³ XpW-sNbvI k´Xw’

F¶v kmam-\y-ambn \a-kvI-cn-¡p-¶p. Cu kmam-\y-{]-kvXm-h- n-eqsS Xsâ FÃm D]m-k-\m-aqÀ¯n-I-sfbpw Ihn hW-§p-¶p-m-h-Ww. Kpcp F¶-Xn\v ]nXm-hp-ap-XÂ ]c-am-ßm-hp-hsc AÀ°-am-Im-a-tÃm. Xncp-\m-a-§Ä \nth-t·-se-t¸mgpw ]ncn-bm-sX-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶Xv {]mÀ°-\tbm BioÀh-N-\tam am{X-a-Ã. Ien-bp-K- nÂ tam£e-_v[n-¡pÅ Ffp- -amÀ¤w Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¦oÀ¯-\-amWv F¶-XmWv Úm\- m-\-bnÂ hyà-am-¡p¶ ]c-a-Úm-\w. AXp-sImv ‘Xncp-\m-a-§Ä \mhn-t·-se-t¸mgpw ]ncn-bm-sX-bn-cn-¡Ww \½psS \c-P·w k -e-am-¡p-hm³’ F¶Xv Imhy-c-N-\-bpsS e£yw-Xs¶ hyà-am-¡p¶ hcn-I-fm-Wv).

2. C¶-se-tbm-f-sa-s -¶-dn-ªoemC¶n \msf-bp-sa-s -¶-dn-ªoemC¶n-¡ XSn¡p hn\m-i-hpþan¶-t\-c-sa-t¶-Xp-a-dn-ªoeIp-I--§n-cn¡pw P\-§-sfþInsÃ¶p hcp- p-¶Xpw `hm³cp-\mep Zn\w-sIm-sm-cp- s\Xn-teän\S- p-¶Xpw `hm³amfn-I-ap-I-tf-dnb a¶sâtXmfnÂ amdm- -§m-¡p-¶Xpw `hm³

(CXp Ihn-bpsS Bß-K-X-amWv; Ign-ªp-t]mb P·-]-c-¼-c-I-fnÂ Xm\m-cm-bn-cp¶p F¶-dn-bn-Ã. C\n hcm³ t]mIp¶ P·-§fpw AÚm-X-am-Wv. Ct¸mÄ A\p- -h- n-en-cn-¡p¶ P·-am-sW-¦nÂ AXpw £W- w-Kp-cw-X-s¶. Cu t_m[w Ihnsb Cuiz-csâ eoe-I-sf- -än-bpÅ Nn -I-fn-tebv¡p \bn-¡p-¶p. Ip-I-n-cn-¡p-¶-hsc In-sÃ¶p hcp- p-¶Xpw Zcn-{Zs\ k¼-¶-\m-¡p-¶Xpw sIm«m-c-hm-kn-bmb a¶s\ `n£-¡m-c-\m-¡p-¶Xpw Cuiz-c³ Xs¶. AXp-sImv IhnCuiz-c-s\- s¶ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿p-¶p. AÃtbm tZhm, Ip-I--§n-cn¡pw P\- ns\In-sÃ¶p hcp- p-¶Xp hm³, cp-\m-ep-Zn-\w-sIm-sm-cp- s\ Xn-teän \S- p-¶Xp hm³,amfn-I-ap-I-tf-dnb a¶sâ tXmfnÂ amdm-¸p-m-¡p-¶Xpw `hm³!þ tXmfnÂ amdm¸p tIäp-¶Xpw`hm³ Fs¶mcp ]mThpw ImWp¶p).3. Im-sem-«-dn-bp¶p Nne-cnXp

Imepw Xncnbm NneÀt¡-XptaI-sXm-¶pta kXy-a-sÃ-¶Xpapt¼ I§dn-bp-¶nXp NneÀa\p-Pm-Xn-bnÂ¯s¶ ]e-hn[wa\-Ên¶p hnti-j-W-ap-tmÀ¡Ww]eÀ¡p-a-dn-tb-W-sa-¶n-«tÃm]e-PmXn ]d-bp¶p imkv{X-§ÄIÀ½- n-¶-[n-Imcn P\-§Ä¡pIÀ½-im-kv{X-§-fpp ]e-hn[w



Úm\- n-¶-[n-Im-cn-P-\-§Ä¡pÚm\-im-kv{X-§fpw ]e-Xp-tÃmkmwJy-im-kv{X-§Ä tbmK-§-sf-¶nhkwJy-bn-ÃXp \nÂ¡s« kÀÆ-hpw,Npg-¶o-Sp¶ kwkm-c-N-{I- nÂDg-¶oSpw \ap-¡-dn-ªo-Sp-hm³Adn-hpÅ al- p-¡-fp-smcp]c-amÀ°-a-cpÄ sNbvXn-cn-¡p¶pFfp-Xm-bn«p apàn-e- n- m-\mbvsNhn-X-¶nXp tIÄ¸n-s\-Ãm-hcpw

(Npg-¶o-Sp¶ = Npän- n-cn-bp¶; Dg-¶oSpw = IjvS-s -Sp¶; Ffp-Xm-bn«v = Ffp- - nÂ.{]m]-©nI PohnXw £W-{]- m-N-©-e-am-sW¶ Cu ]c-amÀ°w Adn-bp-¶-hÀ F{X-t]-cp-v ?þ hf-sc-¡p-d¨pam{Xw. NneÀ CsXms¡ A\p- -h- n-eq-sS-bmWv Adn-bp-¶Xv; NneÀ A\p- -hn- mepw{K-ln-¡p-¶n-Ã. CXnÂ \n¶pw hyXy-kvX-ambn, hf-sc-¡p-d- p-t]À am{Xw X¯z-Úm-\n-I-fmWv:þ C¡--sXm-¶pta imiz-X-a-Ã-sb¶v AhÀ ap³Iq-«n-b-dn-bp-¶p. F´p-sImv C§-s\-bpÅ t`Z-§Ä?

þ a\p-jy-Pm-Xn-bnÂ a\-È-àn¡v ]e-hn[ t`Z-§-fp-v. (a-µ³, a²y-a³, D -a³, D¯-tam- -a³ F¶n-§-s\) a\-Èàn hyXy-kvX-am-sW-¦nepw FÃm-hcpw ]c-amÀ°w {Kln-bv¡Ww F¶p-Å-Xp-sIm-tÃm ZÀi-\-t`-Z-§fpw imkv{X-t`-Z-§fpw Dm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. IÀ½-§-fnÂ apgp-In-bn-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-thn IÀ½-im-kv{X-§fpw Bß-Úm-\-XÂ]-c-cm-b-hÀ¡p-thn Úm\-im-kv{X-§fpwDm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. kmwJyw, tbmKw F¶n-§s\ F®n-bm-sem-Sp-§m¯ hnÚm-\-im-J-Ifpw ZÀi-\-t`-Z-§-fpapv. AXn-s\- -än-sbms¡ ]d-ªmÂ Ah-km-\-an-Ã. P\-\-a-c-W-]-c-¼-c-IÄ F¶ kwkm-c-N-{I- nsâ Xnc-n¨n-enÂs¸«v IjvS-s -Sp¶ a\p-jym-ßm-hn\v apàn-amÀ¤hpw D]-tZ-in- n-«p-v. AXpRm³ ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-bv¡mw. {]mcm-_v[-IÀ½-§-fnÂ _²-cm-b-Xn-\mÂ imkv{X-Nn´IÄs¡m¶pwt\c-an-Ãm¯ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡p-thn B eLp-hmb apàn-amÀ¤s¯ D]-tZ-in-¡p-¶Xv {i²n¨ptIÄ¡p-hn³!4. \s½-sbm-s¡bpw _Ôn¨ km[\w

IÀ½-sa-¶-dn-tb-Xp ap¼n-\mÂap¶-an-¡ hniz-a-ti-jhpwH¶m-bp-sÅmcp tPymXn-kz-cq-]-ambvH¶pw sN¶§p Xt¶mSp ]ämsXH¶nepw sN¶p Xm\pw he-bmsXHs¶-¶p-Ån-ep-dbv¡pw P\-§Ä¡pH¶p-sIm--dn-bm-hp¶ hkvXp-hmbvH¶n-ep-ap-d-bv¡m¯ P\-§Ä¡pH¶p-sImpw Xncn-bm¯ hkvXp-hmbvH¶p-t]m-se-sbm-¶n-Ãm-sX-bp-Å-Xn-þ-s¶m¶m-bp-sÅmcp Poh-kz-cq-]-ambvH¶n-epsamcp _Ô-an-Ãm-sX-bmbv\n¶-h³ Xs¶ hnizw Na- p-t]mÂ({]m]-©n-I-_-Ô- n\p tlXp IÀ½-am-Wv. AXmWv BZy-ambn {Kln-t¡ kXyw. tNX-

\m-tN-X-\m-ß-I-amb Cu hnizm-a-Is«, BZn-bnÂ ]c-am-ß-kz-cq]w am{X-am-bn-cp-¶p. {]]-©m-Zn-aq-e-amb B ]c-am-ßmhv tXP:kzcq-]\pw B{i-bm-{i-bo-t`-Z-an-Ãm- -h\pw BWv. `àn-sImv Cuiz-c-t\mSv GIm-ß- mhw t\Sn-b-hÀ¡v ]c-a-Úm\w s]s«¶p e`n-bv¡p-¶p. N©-e-Nn- À¡m-Is« Cuiz-c³ AÚm-X-amb Ft´m H¶m-Wv. {]Xn-h-kvXp- n-¶-amb C¡ hniz- n-s\m-s¡bpw Hmtc-sbmcpPohm-ßm-hmbn \ncp-]-a-\mb Cuiz-c³ hÀ¯n-bv¡p-¶p. ‘C¡ hniz-a-ti-jhpw ap¶w H¶m-bpÅ tPymXn-kz-cq-]-am-bn-cp¶p’ F¶ Bibw B[p-\nI `uXn-I-hn-Úm-\hpw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv!).



5. aq¶p-sam-¶n-e-S-§p¶p ]ns¶bpwH¶p-an-Ã-t]mÂ hniz-a-t¶-c¯vaq¶p-sImp Na-s¨mcp hniz- nÂaq¶m-bn-«pÅp IÀ½-§-sfm-s¡bpw]pWy-IÀ½-§Ä, ]m]-IÀ½-§fpw]pWy-]m-]-§Ä an{iamw IÀ½hpwaq¶p-PmXn \ncq-]n¨p ImWp-t¼m-Äaq¶p-sImpw Xf-bv¡p¶p Pohs\s]m¶n³ N§-e-sbm-¶n- -d-ª-XnÂ,H¶n-cp-¼p-sIm--¶t{X t`Z-§Äcn-\m-ep-sa-Sp¯p ]Wn-sNbvXN§-e-btÃm an{iamw IÀ½hpw

(aq¶p-sImp Na¨= kXz-c-P-kvX-tam-Kp-W-§ÄsImv Bc-Nn¨, ....{]]-©-Im-c-W-amb ]cam-ßm-hp-Xs¶ krjvSn-þ-Øn-Xn-þ-kw-lm-c-aqÀ¯n-I-fmbpw hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. IÀ½mÀ°w kzoI-cn¨ CuaqÀ¯n-t`-Z-§-fm-Is« H¶n-sâ-Xs¶ hnhÀ¯-\§-fm-Wv. aqÀ¯nt -Z-§sf shSnªv AhÀ ]c-am-ß-kz-cq]w ssIs¡m-Åp-t¼mÄ ]pcp-j³-þ-{]-Ir-Xn, F¶ ssZzXhpw CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶p. At¸mÄ {]]©wAh-ti-jn-¡p-¶n-Ã.

{]]©w kXz-c-P-kvX-tamKp-Wm-ß-I-amWv F¶-XmWv asäm-cm-ibw. {_Ò-{]-f-b-Im-e¯v, CuKpW-§Ä aqe-{]-Ir-Xn-bnÂ kmßyw-{]m-]n¨v hne-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ hnizhpw CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶p.

kXz-c-P-kvX-tam-Kp-W-§ÄsImp Na¨ hniz- nÂ IÀ½-§fpw aq¶p-hn-[- n-emWv þ ]pWy-IÀ½-§Ä, ]m]-IÀ½-§Ä, ]pWy-þ-]m-]-an-{i-IÀ½-§Ä F¶n-§-s\. IÀ½w F´p-X-s¶-bm-bmepw,Btem-Nn¨p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ, AXp {]m]-©n-I-_-Ô- n\p tlXp-hm-Ip¶p F¶p hyà-am-Ipw. ]ns¶Ch X½nÂ F´mWp t`Z-sa-¶m-sW-¦nÂ, _Ôn-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶- h-kvXp-hnsâ t`Zw Xs¶.kmXzn-I-amb ]pWy-IÀ½-§Ä s]m¶n³ N§-e-t]msebpw cmP-k-amb an{i-IÀ½-§Ä s]m¶pwCcp¼pw tNÀ¯ k¦-c-tem-l- -§e t]msebpw Pohm-ßm-¡sf Xf- n-Sp-¶p. N§e F´pXs¶-bm-bmepw _Ô\w _Ô\w Xs¶ ]mcnÂ F¶p hcp-¶p.

6. {_Òm-hm-Zn-bm,-bo- -sb-dpt¼mfwIÀ½-_-²-·m-sc-¶-X-dn-ªmepw`ph-\-§sf krjvSn-¡-sb-¶X`ph-\m- y-{]-fbw Ign-thmfwIÀ½-]m-is¯ ewLn-¡-sb-¶Xp{_Òm-hn-¶p-sa-fp-XÃ \nÀ®bwZnIv]me-·m-cp-a-Æ-®-tam-tcmtcmZn¡p-tXmdpw Xf- p-In-S-¡p¶pAev]-IÀ½n-I-fm-Inb \msaÃmwAev]-Imew sImtm-tcmtcm P´p-¡ÄKÀ`-]m-{X- nÂ ]p¡pw ]pd-s¸«pwIÀ½w-sImp Ifn-¡p-¶-Xn-§s\

(ZnIv]m-e-I·mÀ -= C{µ³, Aán, ba³, \ncr-Xn, hcp-W³, hmbp, Ipt_-c³, Cui³ F¶n-§s\Ing-¡p-\n¶v {]Z-£n-W-{I-a- nÂ. ‘\s½-sbm-s¡bpw _Ôn¨ km[\w þ IÀ½-sa-¶-dn-tb-Xpap¼n-\mÂ’ ............ Cu IÀ½-_-Ô\w {_Òm-hp-ap-XÂ Cu -sb-dp-t¼mfw kÀÆ- q-X-§Ä¡pw Aew-Ly-am-Wv. `ph-\-§-fpsS krjvSn-IÀ½-am-WtÃm {_Òm-hn-\p-f-fXv; {_Ò-{]-fbwhsc At±lw AXpXpSÀt¶ aXn-bm-Iq. krjvSn-IÀ¯m-hnsâ IÀ½-]miw t]mepw C{X -Zr-V-am-sW-¦nÂ D]-tZ-h-X-I-fmb ZnIv]m-e-I-·m-cpsS IY ]dbWtam? AhÀ F«p Zn¡p-Ifpw Im¯p-kq-£n-¡p-hm³thn



AXmXp Zn¡p-I-fnÂ _Ô-\-s¸«p InS-¡p¶p! Ahcpw B IÀ½- nÂ `ph-\m- -c-{]-f-b-t¯mfwXpS-c-Ww. tZh-·m-cpsS IÀ½w Ah-cpsS al-Xz- n-\-\p-k-cn¨v _rl- m-Wv. \msams¡ Aev]-IÀ½n-I-fmWv; Aev]m-bp-Êp-I-fp-am-Wv. F¦nepw \ap¡pw hnap-àn-bn-Ã. ‘KÀ`-Ø-hmbv phn P\n¨pwacn¨pw’ P·-]-c-¼-c-IÄ ssIs¡m-Åp-¶-Xn-\mÂ Pohm-ßm-¡fpw IÀ½-_-Ô-\- nÂ InS-¡p-¶p-.Hcp thj- nÂ\n¶p asäm-¶n-tebv¡p ]I-cp-¶-Xn-eqsS IÀ½w-sImp Ifn-¡p-I-X-s¶-bm-Wv).

7. \c-I- nÂ InS-¡p¶ Poh³t]mbvZpcn-X-§-sfm-Sp§n a\-Ênsâ]cn-]m-Ihpw h¶p {Ia- mte\c-Pm-Xn-bnÂ h¶p ]nd-¶n«pkpIrXwsNbvXp taevt]m«p t]mb-hÀkpJn- o-Sp¶p kXy-tem-I-t¯mfwkÂIÀ½wsImp taÂt¸m-«p-t]m-b-hÀkpIr-X-§-fp-sam-s¡-sbm-Sp-§p-t¼mÄ]cn-]m-I-sam-sc-tÅm-f-an-Ãn-hÀ]Xn- o-Sp¶p \½psS `qan-bnÂhs¶mcp Zpcn-X- n³ -e-ambn]ns¶-t¸mbv \c-I-§-fnÂ hogp-¶p.

(]pWy-þ-]m-]-þ-an{iIÀ½-§Ä A\p-jvTn-¡p¶ Pohsâ Ah-Ø-sb- än ]d-bp-¶p. kzmÀ°hpw ]c-]o-U-\-]-c-hp-amb ZpÀhr- nIfmÂ ]m]-IÀ½w A\pjvTn¡p¶ Bßm-¡Ä, ]m]- ew HSp-§p-thmfw \c-I- nÂ InS-¡p-¶p. Zpcn-X-§-sfm-Sp§n ]cn-]m-I-ap-m-Ip-t¼mÄ B Bßmhv hopw\c-Pm-Xn-bnÂ h¶p ]nd-¡p-¶p. kpIrXwsNbvX ]pWym-ßm-¡Ä kzÀtem-I- nÂ Ncn¨v kXy-tem-I- n-se¯n kpJn-¡p-¶p. AhÀ Xs¶ kpIr-Xw- ew HSp-§n-¡-gn-bp-t¼mÄ `qan-bnÂ hs¶- p-¶p.an{i-IÀ½-§Ä A\p-jvTn-¡p¶ Bßm-¡-fm-Is« ]pWy- ew A\p- -hn¨p Ign-ªmÂ Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ ]m]- ew A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn \c-I- nÂ ]Xn-¡p-¶p. IÀ½- ew A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-XnÂ\n¶v BÀ¡pw hnSp-X-en-Ã. AXm-Is«, `qan-þ-kzÀ¤-þ-\-cIw F¶n-h-bn-te¡p amdn-amdn k©-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p Imc-W-am-bn- o-cp¶p F¶p kmcw).

8. kpc-tem-I- nÂ\ns¶mcp Poh³t]mbv\c-temtI alo-kp-c-\m-Ip¶pNWvU-IÀ½-§Ä sNbvX-hÀ NmIp-t¼mÄNWvUm-e-Ip-e- nÂ ]nd-¡p¶pAkp-c-·mÀ kpc-·m-cm-bo-Sp¶pAa-c-·mÀ ac-§-fm-bo-Sp¶pAPw N¯p KP-am-bv¸n-d-¡p¶pZznP³ N¯p ZznP-am-bv¸n-d-¡p¶p\cn N¯p \c-\m-bv¸n-d-¡p¶p\mcn-N- p-S-t\m-cn-bm-bvt¸m-Ip¶pIr]-Iq-SmsX ]oUn- n- o-Sp¶\r]³ N¯p Iran-bm-bv¸n-d-¡p¶pCu¨ Ns¯mcp ]q -bm-bo-Sp¶pCuiz-csâ hnem-k-§-fn-§s\

(NWvU-IÀ½-§Ä -= ItTm-c-IÀ½-§Ä, ZpjvIÀ½-§Ä. Hmcn= Ipdp-\-cn. ZznP³ = {_mÒ-W³; ZznPw= ]£n......`qan-þkzÀ¤w-þ-\-cIw F¶n-§s\bpÅ temIm- -c-K-a\w IÀ½- -e-am-bp-m-Ip-¶-Xn-s\- -än ]d-ªXn\p tijw qan-bnÂ¯-s¶-bpÅ P·-]-c-¼-c-I-sf-§s\sb¶p hyà-am-¡p-¶p. þ AXpwIÀ½- ew Xs¶. kpc-tem-I-hm-kn-bmb Hcm-ßmhv `qan-bnÂ {_mÒ-W\mbn P\n-s¨¶p hcmw.-Zp-jvIÀa-§Ä sN¿p¶ Bßmhv ASp¯ P·- nÂ NWvUm-f-\m-Ip-¶p.-A-kp-c-·mÀ kpc-·m-cm-Ip-¶p.-A-a-c-·mÀ ac-§-fm-Ip-¶p.-BSp N¯v B\-bmbv ]nd-¡p-¶p. {_mÒ-W³, ]ns¶mcp P·- nÂ



]d-b\mImw; \cn N¯p \c-\mImw; \mcn-bpsS ASp¯ P·w Ipdp-\-cn-bm-bn-«m-Imw. \njvIr-]-\mb\r]sâ ]p\ÀP·w Iran-bm-bn-«mhpw; Cu -bpsS ]pÀP·w ]q -bm-bn-«m-hpw-. Nnń- p-t\m-¡n-bmÂ,Pohm-ßm-¡sf C§s\ IÀ½m-\p-cq-]-amb thjw sI«n-¡p¶ Cuiz-csâ hnem-k-§Ä hnNn-{X-§fpw hnhn-[-§fpw BsW¶p ImWmw. IÀ½- -e-§-fnÂ \n¶v hnap-àn-bn-Ãm¯ Aew-L-\o-b-\n-baw Cuiz-tcÑ Xs¶)9. Iogvta-en-§s\ ap¶ Poh-·mÀ

`qan-bo-¶t{X t\Sp¶p IÀ½-§Äkoa-bn-Ãm-tXmfw ]e-IÀ½-§Ä`qan-bo-¶t{X t\Sp¶p Poh-·mÀA§s\ sNbvXp t\Sn-a-cn- p-S³A\y-tem-I-§-tfm-tcm-¶n-tem-tcm-¶nÂsN¶n-cp¶p `pPn-¡p¶p Poh-·mÀX§Ä sNbvsXmcp IÀ½-§ÄX³êw.HSp-§o-Sp-a-sXm-«p-\mÄ sNÃp-t¼mÄDS-t\-h¶p t\Sp¶p ]ns¶bpwXsâ Xsâ Krl- n-¦Â \n¶p-S³sImp-t]mb [\w-sImp \msaÃmwasä-§m-\p-sam-tc-S-¯n-cp-¶n«phnäq-sW¶p ]dbpw IW-¡n-t\.(`pPn-¡p¶p = A\p- -hn-¡p¶p; hnäqWv= hn -h-§Ä hne-bv¡p-hm§n A\p- -hn-bv¡p-I.....Bßm-

¡Ä¡v kzÀ¤- n-tebvt¡m \c-I- n-tebvt¡m DÅ {]bm-W- n\p Imc-W-amb IÀ½w e`n-¡p¶Xv`qan-bnÂ \n¶m-Wv, kzÀ¤-\-c-I-§-fnÂ \n¶-Ã. Ata-b-amb IÀ½- m-WvUs¯ Cu `qan-bnÂ \n¶pt\Sm³ km[n-¡pw. AhpsS KpW-tZm-j-§Ä¡-\p-k-c-W-ambn Bßm-¡Ä CX-c-tem-I-§-fn-se¯nêw A\p- -hn-¡p-¶p. AXm-I-s«, imiz-X-amb hmk-a-Ãm- Xm-\pw. IÀ½- ew A\p- -hn- p-I-gnªBßmhv hopw qan-bnÂ ]nd-hn-sb-Sp¯v IÀ½w t\Sp-I-bm-bn. tZim-S\w sN¿p-¶-hÀ, ]pd-s -Sp-¶-Xn\p ap¼v kzKr-l- nÂ\n¶p \mWyw sImp-t]m-Ip-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv. þ A\y-tZ-i-§-fnÂsh¨v, th-sXms¡ hm§n-b-\p- -hn-¡p-¶Xv H¸w sImp-t]m-Ip¶ [\w sImsm-W-tÃm. AXp-t]mse kzÀ¤-hm-k- ntem \c-I-hm-k- ntem Bßm-¡Ä¡p-m-Ip¶ kpJZp:J§-fpsS ‘{Ib-iàn’ `qan-bnÂ \n¶p t\Sp¶ ‘IÀ½-[-\’-amWv ).10. IÀ½-§Ä¡p hnf-\n-e-am-Inb

P·-tZ-i-ao_v- q-an,-b-dn-ªmepwIÀ½-\miw hcp-t¯-W-sa-¦nepwsNt½ asä§pw km[nbm; \nÀ®bw`à-·mÀ¡pw apap-£p-P-\-§Ä¡pwkà-cmb hnj-bo-P-\-§Ä¡pwCÑn-ö-Sp-¶-sXm-s¡-s¡m-Sp-¯nSpwhnizm-ßmhp `qan, inh!inh!hniz-\m-Ysâ aqe-{]-Ir-Xn-Xm³{]Xy-t£W hnf-§p¶p `qan-bmbvAh-\o-X-e-]m-e-\- n-¶tÃmAh-Xm-c-§fpw ]e-tXmÀ¡p-t¼mÄAXp-sImp hnti-jn¨pw `qtemIw]Xn-¶m-en-ep-ap- -a-sa-¶tÃmthZ-hm-Zn-I-fmb ap\n-IfpwthZhpw _lp-am-\n¨p sNmÃp¶peh-Wmw-_p-[n-at²y hnf-§p¶Pw_q-Zzo-s]mcp tbmP-\-e-£hpwk]vXZzo]p-I-fp-Å-Xn-se-{XbpwD¯-a-sa¶p hmgv¯p¶p ]ns¶bpw

154



`q]-Zva- n\p IÀ®-I-bm-bn«p`q[-tc-{µ-\n-Xn-etÃm \nÂ¡p¶pCXn-sem-c-¼Xp JWvU-§-fp-tÃmAXn-ep¯aw `mc-X- q-Xewk½-X-cmb amap\nt{i-jvT-·mÀIÀ½-t£-{X-sa-¶tÃm ]d-bp¶pIÀ½-_o-P-a-Xo¶p apf-bvt¡q{_Ò-tem-I- n-cn-¡p-¶-hÀIÄ¡pwIÀ½-_oPw hc-«n-¡-f-ªp-S³P·-\miw hcp-t¯-W-sa-¦nepw`mc-X-amb JWvU--sam-gn-ªpÅ]mcn-se-§p-sa-fp-XÃ \nÀ®bwA{X apJy-am-bp-sÅmcp `mc-Xþan{]-tZ-i-sa-s¶-Ãm-cp-tamÀ¡-Ww.(apap£p= tam£w B{K-ln-¡p-¶-hÀ; kà-cmb = {]m]-©nI kpJ-§-fnÂ Xev]-c-cmb

aqe-{]-IrXn = aqe-XXzw (am-b); thZ-hm-Zn-IÄ = thZ-Ú-·mÀ; `q]-Zva- n\p IÀ®nI=`qan-bm-Ip¶Xma-c-bpsS tI{µ-Z-f-]pSw; `q[-tc-{µ³=]ÀÆ-X-t{i-jvT³ (a-lm-ta-cp); k½-XÀ = k¯p-¡-fmÂ ]qPn-XÀ; IÀ½-t£{Xw= IÀ½-§-fpsS hnf-\n-ew.

IÀ½§-fpsS hnf-\new qan am{X-am-Wv. IÀ½-\miw hcp-t -Xpw qan-bnÂ h¨p-X-s¶. à-·mÀ¡pw tamt£-Ñp-¡Ä¡pw {]m]-©nI kpJ-k-à-·mÀ¡pw Hs¡, F´mtWm thXv AXpsImSp-¡p¶ hnssiz-I- P\-\n-bmWv `qan. ]c-am-ßm-hnsâ aqe-{]-Ir-Xn-bmb amb-bpsS {]Xy-£-cq-]-amWv qan-bnÂ hnf-§p-¶-Xv. AXnsâ ]cn-]m-e-\- n-\m-bmWv Cuiz-c³ ]e Ah-Xm-c-§fpw ssIs¡m-Xv Ft¶mÀ¡p-t¼mÄ, qtemIw ]Xn-¶mep temI-§-fnepw sh v D -a-am-sW¶p hyà-am-¡p-¶p.thZ-§fpw thZ-Ú-·mcp-amb ap\n-Ifpw C¡mcyw BZ-c-thmsS k½-Xn-¡p-¶p-v.

k]vX-km-K-c-§-fmÂ Nqg-s¸« k]vX-Zzo-]p-I-fmWv `qan-bn-ep-Å-Xv. AXnÂ eh-Wmw-_p-[n-bpsS a²y- nÂ hnf-§p¶ e£w tbmP\ hnkvXr-Xn-bpÅ Pw_q-Zzo]v t{ijvT-X-c-am-sW¶v thZ-§Ä hmgv¯n- -d-bp-¶p-v. `qan-bm-Ip¶ Xma-c-bpsS tI{µ-Z-f-]pSw (IÀ®n-I) F¶p Icp-Xm-hp¶alm-ta-cp-]ÀÆXw Pw_p-Zzo-]n-emWv \nÂ¡p-¶-Xv. Pw_q-Zzo-]nse H³]Xp JWvU-§-fnÂ D¯-a-am-b-XmWv `mc-X-hÀjw. AXn-s\-bmWv t{ijvT-cmb ap\n-IÄ IÀ½-t£-{X-sa¶p hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv.

kXy-tem-I-hm-kn-IÄ¡p-t]mepw IÀ½-_o-P- nsâ hnf-\new `mc-X- q-an-bm-Wv. tam£-km-[-I-amb IÀ½m- mhw Dm-I-W-sa-¦nepw `mc-X- q-an-bnÂsh- -ÃmsX asä§pw km[y-a-Ã. A{X hnin-jvS-amWv `mc-X-JWvUw F¶Xv FÃm-hcpw HmÀt¡--Xm-Wv).

11. bpKw \menepw \Ãq Ien-bpKwkpJ-ta-Xs¶ apàn-h-cp- p-hm³IrjvW IrjvW apIpµ P\mÀ±\IrjvW- tKm-hnµ cma, F¶n-§s\Xncp-\m-a-k-¦oÀ -\-sa-¶n-a-þ-tä-Xp-anÃ {]b-Xv\-a-dn-ªmepw,AXp Nn´n¨p aäpÅ temI-§Ä]Xn-aq-¶n-ep-apÅ P\-§fpwaäp-Zzo-]p-I-fm-dn-ep-ap-tÅmcpwaäp-J-WvU-§-sf-«n-ep-ap-tÅmcpwaäp-aq-¶p-bp-K-§-fn-ep-tÅmcpwapàn X§Ä¡p km²y-a-Ãm-bvI-bmÂIen-Im-es¯ `mc-X-J-WvUs¯Ien-Xm-Zcw ssIh-W-§o-Sp¶p‘AXnÂh-s¶mcp ]pÃm-bn-s«-¦nepwCXp-Imew P\n- p-sIm-o-Sp-hm³



tbmKy-X-h-cp- o-Sp-hm³ Xs¡mcp`mKyw-t]m-cm-sX-t]m-btÃm ssZh-ta,`mc-X-J-WvU- n-¦Â ]nd-s¶mcpam\p-jÀ¡pw Ien¡pw \akvImcw.’Fs¶Ãmw ]pI-gv¯o-Sp¶p aäp-tÅmÀF¶-sX- n\p \mw ]d-ªo-Sp¶p!

(Ien-bp-K-a-lna ]d-bp¶p: NXp-cyp-K-§-fnÂ sh¨v, tam£w t\Sp-hm³ Gähpw Ffp¸w Ien-bp-K- n-em-Wv. aäp bpK-§-fnÂ, ITn-\-amb X]-Ýcyw sImpam{Xw e`y-am-Ip¶ kmbqPyw Ien-bp-K- nÂ IrjvW, cma, P\mÀ±\ F¶n-§s\ Cuiz-c-\m-a-§-fpsS k¦oÀ¯\w sImp Xs¶km[n¡p-¶p.

A§-s\-bpÅ Ien-bp-K- nÂ, mc-X-J-WvU- nÂ \c-\mbn P\n-¡m³ km[n¨ FÃm Bßm-¡Ä¡pw tam£w kpe- -amWv F¶-dn-bm-hp-¶-Xn-\mÂ aäp ]Xn-aq¶p temI-§-fnepw, qan-bnÂ¯s¶aäv Bdv Zzo]p-I-fnepw, CX-c-bp-K-§-fnepw P\n¨ Bßm-¡Ä, X§Ä¡p tam£w C{X £n{]-km-[y-a-ÃtÃm F¶p Icp-Xn, Ien-Im-es¯ `mc-Xs¯ AXym-Z-c-thm-sS-bmWv \an-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu `mc-X-J-WvU- nÂ Ien-bp-K- nÂ Hcp ]pÃm-bn-s«-¦nepw h¶p P\n-¡p-hm³ X§Ä¡p mKyapm-bn-ÃtÃmF¶mWv A\y-tem-I-hm-kn-Ifpw A\y-J-WvU-hm-kn-Ifpw Icp-Xp-¶-Xv. B Nn -tbmsS AhÀ Ien-bp-K- nse `mc-X-hÀj-hm-kn-Isf \an-¡p-¶p. \ap-¡-§s\ hne-]n-t¡-- Imcy-an-Ã-tÃm).

12. Ime-an¶p Ienbp-K-a-Ãtbm`mc-X-an-{]-tZ-i-hp-a-Ãtbm\½-sfÃmw \c-·m-cp-a-ÃtbmsNt½- \-¶mbv \ncq-]n-¡n-s\-Ãmcpwlcn-\m-a-§-fn-ÃmsX t]mItbm?\c-I-§-fnÂ t]Sn Ipd-Itbm?\m-hp-Iq-SmsX P·-a-Xm-Itbm?\ap-¡n-¶n-hn-\m-i-an-Ãm-bvItbm?IjvSw!IjvSw! \ncq-]-Ww-Iq-SmsXNp«pXn¶p¶p P·w ]gptX \mw!

(`mc-X-J-WvU- nÂ Ien-bp-K- nÂ \c-P·w t\Sm³ km[n-¡m¯ FÃm Bßm-¡fpw Zp:JnX-cm-Wv.F¶mÂ, \ap-¡-§s\ hne-]n-t¡ Imcy-an-Ã. Imc-Ww, Cu `mc-X- nÂ Ien-bp-K- nÂ¯s¶\c-P·w t\Snb `mKy-hm-·mcmWv \mw. ]c-a-]p-cp-jmÀ°-amb tam£w \ap¡p £n{]-km-²y-am-Wv.F¶n-«v, Cu A\p-Iqe kml-N-cy-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp¯n kmbqPyw t\SmsX \mw P·w ]mgm-¡p-I-bm-Wv.F´p-sIm-m-WnXv? tam£-km-[-I-amb lcn-\m-a-§Ä CÃm-Xm-b-Xn-\m-emtam? AtXm \½nÂ \c-I-`bw ad-ªp-t]mtbm? \ma-k-¦oÀ¯-\- n-\p-Å \mhn-Ãm-sX-bmsWm \mw Pan- -Xv.-\-ap-¡mÀ¡pw ac-W-an-sÃ-¶mtWm Icp-Xp-¶-Xv.IjvSw!IjvSw! Kl-\-amb \c-P-·s¯ `uXnI kpJ-§Ä¡p-thn\in- n-¡p-I-bm-WtÃm sN¿p-¶Xv.

13. F{X P·w {]bm-k-s -«n-¡mewA{X-h¶p ]nd¶p kpIr-X- mÂF{X-P·w Pe- nÂ Ign-ªXpwF{X-P·w ae- nÂ Ign-ªXpwF{X-P·§Ä a®nÂ Ign-ªXpwF{X P·w ac-§-fmbv \n¶XpwF{X P·w Acn¨p \S-¶XpwF{X P·w ]d¶p \S-¶XpwF{X P·w arK-§Ä ]ip-¡-fmbvaÀ¯y-P-·- n³ apt¼ Ign¨p \mw!



F{Xbpw ]Wn-s -«n§p amXm-hn³KÀ`-]m-{X- nÂ hoW-X-dn-ªmepw

]¯p-amkw hb-änÂ Ign-ªp-t]mbv]¯p-]- o-cm-p-®n-bm-bn«pw t]mbvXs¶- m-\- n-am-\n¨p ]nt¶SwXs¶- m-\-dn-bmsX Ign-bp¶pC{X-Im-e-an-cn-bv¡p-an-\n-sb¶pwkn²tam \ap-t¡-Xp-sam-¶n-ÃtÃm\oÀt¸m-f-t]m-se-bp-sÅmcp tZl- nÂhoÀ¸p-a-m{X-ap-n-§s\ ImWp¶pHmÀ¯n-cn-bmsX ]mSp-s]-Sp-t¶cwt\À¯p-t]m-Ip-a-sXt¶ ]d-bmhqA{X-am-{X-an-cn-bv¡p¶ t\c¯pIoÀ¯n- o-SpI \ÃXncp-\maw!

(sshhn-[y-]qÀ®-amb F{Xtbm P·-§-fn-eqsS k©-bn¨ kpIr-X- nsâ e-am-Wv ChnsSt\Snb Cu aÀ¯y-P·w! CXn-\p-ap¼v ae- nepw Pe- nepw a®n-ep-ambn Iran-Io-S-§-fmbpw ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fmbpw tNX-\m-tN-X\ cq]- nÂ P·-]-c-¼-c-IÄ IS-¶p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWvaÀXy-P·w e`n- -Xv. ]Wn-s¸«p t\Snb Cu aÀ¯y-P-·- nÂ t]mepw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amb ImewXptemw Ipd-hm-Wv. ]¯p-amkw Xtama-b-amb KÀ`- nÂ Ignªp t]mIp-¶p. ]¯p-]-{´p hÀjwAÚm-\]q-cn-X-amb _mey-ambpw t]mIp-¶p. ]n¶o-SpÅ Aev]-am-{X-amb Bbp-Êm-Is«, Bß-Úm\w t\Sm-\-ÃmsX Zpc- n-am-\- n\p thn ]mgm-¡p-I-bmWv!

C\n F{X-Imew Pohn- n-cn-¡p-sa¶v BÀs¡-¦nepw \nÝ-b-aptm? shÅ- nse Ipan-f-t]mseZpÀ_-e-amb Cu DS-enÂ BbpÊp \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶Xv Hcp t\À¯ {]mW-\m-Wv. H«pw HmÀ¯n-cn-¡msX, uXnI kpJ-§Ä¡p-th-n-bpÅ A²zm-\- n-\n-S-bnÂ AXv XIÀ¶p-t]m-Imhp¶-tX DÅq.Pohn-X- nsâ Cu \nÊm-cX t_m[y-am-bn-«pw, AXy-ev]-ambn e`n-¡p¶ aÀXym-bp-Êns\ \mw Cuiz-c-k-¦oÀ¯-\- n-\ÃtÃm {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp- p-¶Xv!).

14. Øm\-am-\-§Ä sNmÃn-¡-e-ln¨p\mWw-sI«p \S-¡p-¶nXp NneÀaZ-a-Õcw Nnń¨p Nnń¨paXn-sI«p \S-¡p-¶nXp NneÀN©-em-£n-amÀhoSp-I-fnÂ ]p¡pIp©n-cm-a-\m-bm-Sp-¶nXp NneÀtIme-I-§-fnÂ tkh-I-cm-bn«ptImewsI«n sRfn-bp-¶nXp NneÀimń-sNbvXp ]peÀ¯p-hm-\m-bm«pkÔy-tbmfw \S-¡p-¶nXp NneÀsIm©n-s¡mp hfÀs¯mcp ss]XseIªn-¡n-Ãmªp hnÂ¡p-¶nXp NneÀA½bv¡pw ]p\-c-Ñ\pw `mcybv¡pwD×m³t]mepw sImSp-¡p-¶nÃ NneÀAán-km-£n-Wn-bm-sbmcp ]Xv\nsbkz]v\- nÂt]mepw ImWp-¶nÃ NneÀk¯p-¡Ä Ip in£n¨p sNmÃp-t¼mÄi{Xp-sh-t¸mse {Ip²n-¡p¶p NneÀhµn-X-·m-sc-¡m-Wp¶ t\c¯p



\nµn- t{X ]d-bp-¶nXp NneÀIm¬I \½psS kwkm-cw-sIm-t{Xhniz-ao-h®w \nev]q-sh¶pw NneÀ{_mÒ-Wyw-sImp Ipń¨p Ipń¨p{_Òm-hp-sa-\n-bvs¡m-Æm-sb¶pw NneÀAÀ°m-ibv¡p hncpXp hnfn- n- m³Aán-tlm-{XmZn sN¿p-¶nXp NneÀkzÀ®§Ä \h-c-Xv\-§-sf-s¡mpF®w-Iq-SmsX hnÂ¡p-¶nXp NneÀat¯- w-sImp I -hSw sNbvXpwD¯-a-Xp-c-K-§-f-Xp-sImpwA{X-bp-aÃ I¸Âsh- n- n-«pþsa{X-t\-Sp-¶n-XÀ°w inh-!inh!hr¯n-bpw-sI«p [qÀ¯-cm-sb-s¸mgpwAÀ°-s¯-s¡m-Xn-s¨{X \inbv¡p¶p!

(Øm\-am-\-§Ä¡p thn Ie-ln¨v \mWw sI«p \S-¡p-I-bmWp NneÀ. aZ-am-Õ-cym-Zn-I-fnÂ apgpIn Nne-cpsS _p²n-Xs¶ sI«p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.-kp-µ-cn-am-cpsS Xmf- n-s\m¯p XpÅn NneÀ]cn-lm-k-]m-{X-§-fm-Ip-¶p.-tIm-hn-e-I-§-fnse tkh-I-hr- n-bmWp NneÀ¡p s]m§- w.-h-b-änÂ¸n-g- n\p thn ànbpw XmXv]-cyhpw CÃmsX imń-¡mbn Imew Ign-¡p-¶-h-cp-v.-em-fn¨p hfÀ¯n-s¡m-p-h¶ k -Xnsb Hcp-t\-cs¯ Iªn-¡p-thn hnÂ¡p-¶-Xns\m amXm-]n-Xm-¡sf ]«n-Wn-bn-Sp-¶-Xns\m Aán-km-£n-bmbn thfn-I-gn¨ ]Xv\nsb Dt]-£n-¡p-¶-Xns\m NneÀ¡p bmsXmcpaSn-bp-an-Ã.-k-Ö-\-§-tfmSv tIm]n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw hµn-X-·msc \nµn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw NneÀ Hcp-s¼-Sp-¶p.-hn-iz- nsâ \ne-\nev]p Xs¶ Xsâ sNmev]-Sn-¡mWv F¶mWv Nne-cpsS `mhw.{_Òm-hn-t\-¡mfpwapńb {_mÒ-W\mWp Xm³ F¶mWp NneÀ Icp-Xp-¶-Xv. Cu Ien-bp-K- nÂ \ma-k-¦oÀ¯\wsImp-Xs¶ tam£w e`yam-sW-¶n-cns¡ AÀ°mi apgp-¯n«v Aán-tlm-{Xm-Zn-bm-K-§Ä \S-¯p¶p NneÀ.kzÀWw,-c-Xv\w,-B-\,-Ip-Xnc F¶n-h-bpsS hmWn-Py- nepw I¸Â hym]m-c- nepwGÀs¸«v [\w t\Sp-¶-Xn\v IW-¡n-Ã.-kz´w Ipe-hr¯n t]mepw ad-¶n«v [\m-i-bmÂ F{X-t]-cmWv\in-¡p-¶-Xv......-C¶pw {]k-à-amWv ]q´m-\- nsâ Cu hm¡p-I-sf-¶Xp IqSn HmÀan-¡pI ).

15. AÀ°-sa{X hf-sc-bp-m-bmepwXr]vXn-bmIm a\-Ên-s¶mcp Imew]¯p-In«pInÂ \qdp-a-Xn-sb¶pwiX-am-InÂ kl{kw aXn-sb¶pwBbncw ]Ww I¿n-ep-m-Ip-t¼mÄAbp-X-am-In-em-Ý-cy-sa-¶XpwBi-bm-bpÅ ]mi-a-Xn-t¦¶pthÀhn-SmsX Itc-dp¶p taÂ¡p-taÂk¯p-¡Ä sN¶n-c-¶m-em-bÀ°- nÂkzev]-am{Xw sImSm Nne ZpjvS-·mÀN¯p-t]mw-t\cw hkv{X-a-Xp-t]mepwF¯nSm sImp-t]m-hm-s\m-cp- À¡pw]Ým- m-]-sam-sc-tÅm-f-an-ÃmsXhnizm-k-]m-X-I-s¯-¡-cp-Xp-¶p.hn¯- n-em-i-]-äpI tlXp-hmbvkXys¯ XyPn-¡p¶p Nne-ctlmkXy-sa-¶Xp {_Ò-a-Xp-Xs¶kXy-sa¶p Icp-Xp¶p k¯p-¡ÄhnZy-sIm--dn-tb--X-dn-bmsXhnZzm-s\¶p \Sn-¡p-¶nXp NneÀ



Ip¦p-a- nsâ hmk-a-dn-bmsXIp¦paw Npa-¡pw-t]mse KÀ±`wIrjvW!IrjvW!\ncq-]n¨p ImWp-t¼mÄXrjvW-sImt {àn-¡p-¶-sXm-s¡-bpw.

(A-bp-Xw-þ-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw, KÀ±- w-þ-I-gp-X.......[\- n\p thn-bpÅ ]c¡w ]m¨nÂ Hcp ]mgvthe-bm-Wv.-]¯p In«p-t¼mÄ \qdpw Bbn-chpw ]Xn-\m-bn-chpw B¡-W-sa-¶mWv tamlw.-B-im-]m-i- mÂ sI«n-h-en-¡p-I-bmWv FÃm-h-tc-bpw.Cu AXymÀ¯n-¡n-S-bnÂ AÀ°n-I-fmbn hcp¶ kÖ-\-§Ä¡v kzev]w t]mepw sImSp-¡p-¶nÃ Nne ZpjvS-·mÀ.-C-§-s\-sbms¡ kzcq-]n- mepw ac-W-k-a-b¯v DSp-XpWn t]mepw sImp-t]m-Im³ km[n-¡n-Ã.-]-Ým- m-]-te-i-an-ÃmsX hnizm-k-h-©\\S- p-I-bmWv NneÀ. kXyw Xs¶ {_Òw þ {_Ò-w Xs¶ kXyw F¶mWv kÖ-\-§Ä Icp-Xp-¶-Xv.-hn-Zy-bpsS Cu ]c-tam-t±-i-a-dn-bmsX NneÀ shdpsX hnZzm-s\¶p \Sn-¡p-¶p.-Ip-¦p-a-¯nsâkpK-Ô-w {Kln-¡msX Ip-¦p-aw Npa-¡p¶ Igp-X-tb-t¸m-se-bm-Wn-hÀ.-C-Xn-s\ms¡ ASn-Øm-\ambsXm¶p am{Xw-þ-Xr-jvW.).

16. F®n-sb-®n-¡p-d-bp-¶n-Xm-bpÊpwan-a-n-¡-tc-dp¶p tamlhpwh¶p-thm-Ww, Ignªp hnjp-sh¶pwh¶n-ÃtÃm Xncp-hm-Xn-c-sb¶pwIpw`-am-k- n-em-Ip¶p \½psSP·-\-£-{X-a-iz-Xn-\m-sf¶pw{im²-ap-tlm hrÝn-I-am-k- nÂkZy-sbm-¶p-sa-fp-X-Ãn-\n-sb¶pwD®n-bp-mbn thÄ¸n- -Xn-semcpD®n-bp-m-bn-¡-mhq Rms\¶pwtImWn-¡Â¯s¶ h¶ \ne-an\nImW-a-\y-s\-Sp- n-¡-cp-sX¶pwC°-tam-tcm¶p Nnń- n-cn-¡thN¯p-t]m-Ip¶p ]mhw, inh!inh!

(XrjvW Ata-b-am-sW¶p am{X-a-Ã, A\-´-hp-am-Wv. kpJ-Xr-jvW-bpsS ZpÀhn-]-cybwt\m¡pI; Hmtcmtcm taml-§-fnÂs]«p-g¶v BbpÊv Ipdªp Ipd-ªp-h-cp¶p þ tamlw, hfÀ¶phcp-Ibpw! HmWw, hnjp, Xncp-hm-Xn-c, P·-Zn-\w, {im²w, kZy Chn-sems¡ Ft¸mgpw DS-¡n-¡n-S-¡pI-bmWv a\Êv. D®n-bp-m-bn-¡-n«v AXn-sâbpw D®nsb¡mWm³ km[n- n-cp-s¶-¦nÂ! ASp-¯pÅ \ne- nsâ ImWw kz -am-¡m-s\m-s¯-¦nÂ! Fs´m-s¡-bmWv taml-§Ä! (ImWw = qan-bpsS \S- -h-Im-iw)

C§s\ Hmtcm Nn -I-fnÂ apgp-In-bn-cn-¡p-t¼m-tgbv¡pw IjvSw! BbpÊv sI«-S-§p¶p:H¶pw t\Sm-sX ]mhw N¯p-t]m-Ip¶p. a\p-jym-hØ F{X Zb-\obw!).

17. Fń\n{X ]dªp hnti-jn¨pwNnń- o-Sp-hn-\m-thm-f-sa-Ãm-cpw:IÀ½- nsâ hen- -hp-tam-tcmtcmP·-§Ä ]eXpw Ign-sª-¶XpwIme-an¶p Ien-bp-K-sa-¶-Xpw`mc-X-J-WvU- nsâ hen- hpwAXnÂh¶p-]n-d-¶Xpan{X-\mÄ]gp-tX-Xs¶ t]mb-{]-Im-c-hpw-B-bp-Ênsâ {]am-W-an-Ãm- XpwBtcm-Ky-t¯m-Sn-cn-¡p-¶-h-ØbpwC¶p\ma-k-¦oÀ¯-\w-sIm-p-S³h¶p-IqSpw ]pcp-jmÀ°-sa-¶Xpw



C¶p sXän-bm-en-{X-sb-fp- -ambvF¶p-ta-eneo-h®w hcp-sa¶pwC\n-bpÅ \c-I- -b-§fpwC¶p-thpw \ncq-]-W-sam-s¡bpwF´n\p -hrYm Imew-I-f-bp¶p?sshIp-WvT- n\p s]mbvs¡mÄhn-t\-hcpw!

(v a\p-jym-h-Ø-sb- än hni-Z-am-bn- -dbp¶p. Aew-Ly-amWv IÀ½-]m-iw. F¶mÂ AXnÂ\n¶ptamN-\hpw tam£hpw e`n-¡m³ Gähpw Ffp- -amb Ien-bp-K- nÂ, `mc-X-J-WvU- nÂ, BWv\mw h¶p ]nd-¶n-cn-¡p-¶XvþP-·-]-c-¼-c-IÄ¡p-tijw a\p-jy-\mbn!

Ime-ssZÀLy- nÂ Ien-bp-Ktam {]]-©-hn-kvXr-Xn-bnÂ `mc-X-hÀjtam a\p-jy-P-·- nÂ{]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb ka-btam A{X hep-X-Ãm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ , CsXms¡ H¯p In«nb \mw `mKy-hm-·m-cm-Wv. F¶nt«m, In«n-b-XnÂ H«p-\mÄ ]gp-tX-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. BbpÊv F{X-Imew IqSn-bp-mhpwF¶-Xn\v Hcp {]am-W-hp-an-Ã. Btcm-Kyhpw £bn- phcp-¶p. At¸mÄ In«nb Aev]w \nan-j- nÂ,\ma-k-¦oÀ¯-\- n-eqsS, ]c-a-]p-cp-jmÀ°-amb tam£w t\Sm-sa-¶n-cns¡, AXp \jvS-s -Sp- n-bm³ Cu kml-N-cy-§Ä C\n F¶mWv H¯p hcnI? F{X P·-]-c-¼-c-IÄ¡p tij-am-bn-cn¡pw?C\nbpw \c-I-§-fnÂ ]Xn¨v hrYm Bßm-hns\ ]oUn- n-t¡-Wtam? Ct¸mÄXs¶ CsXms¡ Xocp-am-\n-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. ]gptX Imew If-bmsX \c-P-·s¯ kmÀ°-I-am-¡p-hn³. Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¦oÀ -\- n-eqsS sshIpWvTw ]qIp-hn³!).

18. IqSn-bÃm ]nd-¡p¶ t\c¯pwIqSn-bÃm acn-¡p¶ t\c¯pwat²y-bn-§s\ ImWp¶ t\c¯paÕ-cn-¡p-¶-sX- n\p \mw hrYm?AÀ°tam ]pcp-jmÀ°-an-cn-¡thAÀ°- n¶p sImXn-¡p-¶-sX´p \mw;a²ym-ÓmÀ¡-{]-Im-i-an-cn-¡thJtZym-X-s¯tbm am\n- p-sIm-tÅq?

D®n-Ir-jvW³ a\-ÊnÂ¡fn-¡p-t¼mÄD®n-IÄ aäp-th-Wtam a¡-fmbv?an{X-§Ä \ap-s¡{X inh!inh!hnjvWp- -à-·m-cntÃ ph-\- nÂ?amb-Im«pw hnem-k-§Ä ImWp-t¼mÄPmb-Im«pw hnem-k-§Ä tKmjvSn-IÄ!`ph-\- nse `qXn-I-sfm-s¡bpw`h\w \ap-¡m-bXn-Xp-X-s¶.hniz-\m-Y³ ]nXmhp \ap-s¡Ãmwhniz-[m{Xn Ncm-N-c-am-XmhpwAÑ\pw ]p\-c-½-bp-ap-tÃmc£n- o-Sp-hm-\pÅ \msfm-s¡bpw`n£m¶w \sÃm-c-¶-hp-ap-tÃm`£n- o-Sp-I-Xs¶ ]Wn-bp-Åp.

(AÀ°w = B{K-ln-¡- -¡Xv ([-\-sa-¶pw), JtZymXw = an¶m-an-\p-§v, hnem-k-§Ä = t{]a-tN-jvS-IÄ; tKmjvSn-IÄ= hnIr-X-tN-jvS-IÄ, `qXn = sFiz-cyw, k¼ v; hniz-[m{Xn = hniz-am-Xm-hv.

F§s\ `ph-\-_Ô-§Ä hnSÀ¯pw? tem`-\o-b-amb ]eXpw Chn-sS-bntÃ?þ F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ Nn -IÄ \nÀ½q-e-am-Wv. ]p{X³, If-{Xw, _Ôp, amXm-hv, ]nXm-hv, [\w, kpJw, BlmcwBZn-bmb {`a-§-fn-sem¶pw s]«v Dg-e-cp-Xv. acn-¡p¶ t\c¯pw Chsbm¶pw \s½ A\p-K-an-¡p-¶n-Ã. P·-]-c-¼-c-I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ AXn-ZoÀL-amb bm{X-bnÂ, CS-bn-sem-cn-¡Â, ]c-kv]cw Ip-ap-«nbCu \nan-jmÀ²- n-Â, hmÕ-eym-Zn-IÄt¡m amÕ-cym-Zn-IÄt¡m F´mWv {]m[m\yw? \ap¡v B{K-ln-¡- -¡-Xmbn ]c-a-]p-cp-jmÀ°-amb kmbqPyw Xs¶-bp-Å-t¸mÄ `qk-¼- p-¡Ä¡pw hnj-b-



kp-J-§Ä¡pw thn F´n\p sImXn-¡Ww? a²ym-ÓmÀ¡sâ D{K-tim- -bp-Å-t¸mÄ an¶m-an-\p-§ns\ BZ-cn-t¡--Xm-bptm? D®n-Ir-jvW³ Xs¶ a\-ÊnÂ kZm hnf-bm-Sp-t¼mÄ thsd D®n-Isf tamln-t¡-Wtam? hnjvWp- -à-·m-scm-s¡bpw \½psS an{X-§-ftÃ? ambm-tam-l-§Ä I-dn-ª-h\v Ch-sbÃmw shdpw hnIr-X-tN-jvS-I-fm-sW¶v t_m²yw-hcpw. `ph-\-Po-hn-X- nÂ \ap¡vk¼m-Zn-¡m-hp-¶Xv Cu `ph-\- nÂ hkn¨p tam£w t\SpI F¶-Xp-am-{X-am-Wv. AYhm \½psSGähpw henb k¼m-Zyw, ChnsS ]nd-hn-sb-Sp¯p F¶-XmWv; ImcWw tam£w ChnsS £n{]-km-²y-am-WtÃm. \½psS Imcy-§Ä t\m¡n c£n-¡p-hm³ hnizm-\m-Y\pw `ph-\-[m-{Xnbpw AÑ-\-½-am-cm-bp-Å-t¸mÄ, Blm-c-Im-cy-§Ä¡p-t]mepw \mw t¢in-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã, kÖ-\-§Ä AÀ¸n-¡p¶`n£m¶w Xs¶ aXn-bm-Ipw-þ-A-sXms¡ `£n- p-XoÀ¡m-hp-¶-Xnepw A[n-I-am-Ipw. (]p-{X³, If-{Xw, _Ôp, amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä, [\, kpJw, Blmcw BZn-bmb {`a-§-fn-sem¶pw s]«p-g-e-cpXv F¶vCu JWvU- nÂ BZyw ]d-ªXp kaÀ°n-¡m-\m-bn, Ah-sbms¡ \njm-Im-a- -à\v A\yYme`y-amWv F¶p ]d-ªphbv¡p¶p).

19. kàn-Iq-SmsX \ma-§-sf-t¸mgpw`àn-]qp P]n-¡-Ww, \½psSkn²n-Imew Ign-thm-f-ao-h®w{i²-tbmsS hkn-t¡-W-ta-hcpwImWm-Ip¶ Ncm-N-c-Pm-Xnsb\mWw ssIhn«p Iq¸n-kvXp-Xn-¡Wwlcn-jm-{ip-]-cn-¹p-X-\m-bn«p]cp-jm-Zn-I-sfm-s¡-Ê-ln-¨p-S³kÖ-\-§sf ImWp-¶-t\-c¯peÖ-Iq-SmsX hoWp-\-an-¡Ww`àn-X-¶nÂ apgp-In- -a-ªp-S³a¯-s\-t¸mse \r¯w IpXn-¡Ww]mcn-en-§s\ k©-cn- o-Sp-t¼mÄ{]mcm-_v[-§-f-ti-j-sam-gn-ªnSpwhn[n- o-Sp¶ IÀ½-sam-Sp-§p-t¼mÄ]Xn- o-Sp¶p tZl-sam-tc-S¯psImXn- o-Sp¶ {_Ò-s¯-¡-n«pIpXn- o-Sp¶p Poh-\p-a-s¸mtg

(kàn= kzmÀ°-tamlw; kn²n-Imew Ign-thmfw- = BbpÊv HSp-§p-thmfw; lcn-jm-{ip-]-cn-¹p-X³=lÀjm-{ip-hnÂ ap§n-b-h³; ]cp-jm-Zn-IÄ = ITn-\-h-N-\w, Zp:Jw BZn-bm-b-h.

kc-f-amb t{itbm amÀ¤w Ihn Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡p¶p: a\p-jy-P·w t\Sn-b, Cuiz-c-km-£m-XvImcw tamln-¡p¶ Hmtcm-cp- -cp-sSbpw IÀ¯hyw CsXm-s¡-bm-Wv. kzmÀ°-tamlw IqSmsXBbpÊv HSp-§pw-hsc `àn-]qp Pohn-¡pI; Cuiz-c-\m-a-§Ä Ft¸mgpw Dcp-hn-SpI; Cuiz-c-ssN-X-\y- nsâ {]Xn- m-k-§-fmWv Ncm-N-c-{]-]©w F¶-Xn-\mÂ \nÀe-Öw, Ncm-N-c-{]-]-©- n\v {]WmawAÀ¸n-¡p-I. Zp:JmZn-Itfm Ba-bm-Zn-Itfm ]mcp-jym-Zn-Itfm hI-h-bv¡msX k´p-jvS-lr-Z-b-t¯msSIgn-bpI; kÖ-\-§sf BZ-cn-¡p-I. àn-bpsS ]mc-ay- nÂ D·- -\mbn \y¯w sN¿-s«. C§s\Cuiz-cmÀ¸n-X-tN-X-Êmbn PohnXw \bn-¡p-¶-h\v {]mc-_v[-§-fn-Ã. àsâ IÀ½-_-Ô\w Ah-km-\n-¡p-t¼mÄ, \ncp-]-tbm-K-am-bn- o-cp¶ DS-ens\ Dt]-£n¨v Poh³ {_Ò-tem-I-t¯bv¡p IpXn- p-bÀ¶v ]c-am-ßm-hnÂ hnebw {]m]n-¡p-¶p. B Ah-Ø-bnÂ, Xm³, Cuiz-c³ F¶n-§-s\-bpÅssZzX- m-h-an-Ã. k¨n-Zm-\-µ-kz-cq]w am{Xw).

20. kàn-th-dn«p k©-cn- o-Sp-hm³]m{X-am-bn-Ã-sb-¶-Xp-sIm-tXpw]cn-Xm]w a\-ÊnÂ apg-t¡mXncp-\m-a- n³ amlmßyw tI«mepwPmXn-]mÀ¡n-sem-c- y-P-\m-InepwthZ-hmZn alo-kp-c-\m-Inepw\mhp-Iq-SmsX PmX-·m-cm-Inb



aqI-sc-b-s§m-gn- pÅ am\p-jÀF®-aä Xncp-\m-a-ap-Å-XnÂH¶p-am-{X-sam-cn-¡-semcp Zn\wkzØ-\m-bn-«n-cn-¡p-t¼m-sg-¦nepwkz]v\- nÂ¯m\-dn-bm-sX-sb-¦nepwasäm-¶m-bn- -cn-l-kn-s -¦nepwasäm-cp- À¡p thn-sb-¶m-InepwGXp-Zn-¡n-en-cn-¡nepw X¶psS\mhp-sIm-nXp sNmÃn-sb-¶m-InepwAXp-a-sÃm-cp-t\-c-samcp Zn\wsNhn-sIm-nXp tI«p-sh-¶m-InepwP·-km- -ey-a-s¸mtg h¶p-t]mbv{_Ò-km-bqPyw In«o-Sp-sa-¶tÃm{io[-cm-Nm-cyÀXm\pw ]d-ªnXp_mZ-cm-b-W³ Xm\p-a-cpÄsNbvXpKoXbpw ]d-ªo-Sp-¶-Xn-§s\thZhpw _lp-am-\n¨p sNmÃp¶pBtamZw ]qp sNmÃp-hn³ \ma-§ÄB\µw]qp {_Ò- nÂ tNcp-hn³.

(kàn-þ- p-h-\-kw-Kw, {io[-cm-Nm-cyÀþ`m-K-hX hymJym-Xm-hmb Hcp BNm-cy³, _mZ-cm-b-W³þth-Z-hym-k³............-{]-]-©-t¯m-SpÅ BkànbnÂ s]«p-g-ep-¶-h\pw tam£-amÀKw \ÂIm³X¡-hn[w Xncp-\m-a- nsâ amlmßyw D¶-X-amWv .Pm-Xn-bnÂ Gähpw \nIr-jvSt\m sshZnI {_mÒ-Wt\m, Bcp-Xs¶ Bbmepw aqI-\-Ãm- -h³ Znh-k- nÂ Hcp-X-h-W-sb-¦nepw Pm{K-Z-h-Ø-bntemkz]v\- ntem `àn-tbm-sStbm ]cn-lm-k-t¯m-sS-sb-¦n-eptam Ah-\-h\p thntbm A\yÀ¡pthn-sb-¦n-eptam Dcp-hn-«mÂ P·-km- eyw ssIh-cpw.-A- -c- nÂ D -cn-¡m-\m-hm- -hÀ¡v Xncp-\m-tam- m-cWw sNhn-s¡m-mepw kmbqPyw e`n-¡pw.-hym-k\pw {io[-cm-Nm-cy\pw `K-h-ZvKo-XbpwthZ-§-sfm-s¡bpw ]d-bp-¶Xv Cusbmcp Imcy-am-Wv.

21. aXn-bp-s-¦n-sems¡ aXn-bnXpXncp-\m-a-§Ä amlm-ßy-am-hnXp]ng-bm-Inepw ]ng-tI-sS-¶mepwXncp-hp-Å-a-cpÄI `K-hmt\!

(aXn = _p²n, a\Êv (a-Xn-bmIpw F¶ AÀ°- n-epw) Xncp-hp-Å-a-cpÄI = Ir]-sNm-cn-bp-I......... \c-P·w k -e-am-¡o-Sp-hm³ Xncp-\m-a-§Ä \mhn-t·-se-t¸mgpw ]ncn-bm-sX-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶ImhymÀ°w-X-s¶-bmWv Ihn¡p \ÂIm-\pÅ Úm\w. A¡mcyw ChnsS Dd-¸n¨p ]d-bp-¶p._p²nbpw a\-Êp-ap-s-¦nÂ, C{X-am-{Xta a\-Ên-em-¡p-hm-\p-Åq. C -d-ª-XmWv Xncp-\m-a-am-lm-ßyw. AXnse sXäp-Ip-ä-§Ä Imcy-am-¡msX Xs¶ aXn-am\v Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¦oÀ -\- nsâ almßywt_m²y-am-Ipw.Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¦oÀ¯-\- nsâ amlmßyw C{]-Imcw {]IoÀ¯n- -XnÂ Fs -¦nepw]ng-I-fp-m-bn-«p-s-¦nÂ¯-s¶, F¶nÂ Ir] sNmcn-tb-W-ta, `K-hmt\!).]q´m-\- n\v tIc-f- nsâ kmwkvIm-cn-I-N-cn-{X- n-ep-ff Øm\w

aWn-{]-hm-f-km-ln-Xy- n-se, A\n-b-{´n-X-ambn iywKm-c-hÀ®-\-IÄ hmcn-hn-X-dp¶ alm-[qÀ¯nsâ ]n¶m-se-bmWv mj-bnÂ àn-km-ln-Xy- nsâ ]SÀ¶p-I- -ep-m-b-Xv. Cu cv kmln-Xy-cq-]-§Ä¡pw t{]cI-am-bn-cp¶ Nne kmaq-ln-I-k-Xy-§Ä tIc-fo-b-P-\-Po-hn-X- n-ep-m-bn-cp-¶p.kaq-l- nse hnZym-k-¼-¶-cm-bn-cp¶ D]-cn-hÀ¤-§Ä, t£{X-§sf tI{µo-I-cn¨p \bn- n-cp¶ Ip -gnª Pohn-X-amWv \½psS aWn-{]-hmf kmln-Xy- nse iywKm-c-{]-hm-l- nsâ aqe-t{im-X-Êv.-D-]-cn-hÀK- nsâ kpJ-XrjvW kaq-l- nsâ XmW-X-e-§-fn-tebv¡pw Dudn-bn-d-§p¶-XmWv FÃm-Im-e¯pw FÃm kaq-l- nepw "]cn-jvImc' ¯nsâ Ncn-{Xw. Fgp- -Ñ-sâbpw ]q´m-\- n-sâbpwIme- n\p ap¼v, kaq-l- nse DÂIrjvS-cm-bn-cp-¶-hÀ {]IoÀ¯n- n-cp¶ aWn-{]-hm-f- nsâ kwkvIm-chpw CXp-t]mse "]cn-jvImc' ambn- -hn¨v XmW-X-e-§sf _m[n- n-«p-v. CXnÂ a\-ap-cp-Inb kmXzn-I-·m-cm-bn-cp¶p Xp©-s¯-gp- -Ñ\pw ]q´m\w \¼q-Xn-cnbpw aäpw. ]q´m-\- nsâ Úm\- m-\-bnÂ, tIc-fo-b-cnÂ Hcp hn`m-K- nsâ PohnXw F´p-am{Xw sI«-gn-ª-Xm-bn-cp¶p F¶ kqN-\-bpw,



Ah-cpsS kmwkvIm-cn-Im-[x-]-X-\-s¯- än asämcp Ihnbpw Hcn-¡epw ]d-ªn-«-nÃm¯ Xc- nepÅAXn-\n-in-X-amb hnaÀi-\hpw Dv."" Øm\-am-\-§Ä sNmÃn-¡-e-ln¨p........................................tImew-sI«n sRfn-bp-¶nXp NneÀ......... ''

F¶n-§s\ GXm\pw hcn-I-fn-embn ]q´m\w \S- p¶ Kuc-hm-h-l-amb kmaq-ln-I-hn-aÀi\wae-bm-f- nse asämcp Ihnbpw (Iq-©³\-¼ymÀt]m-epw) \S- m¯ Xc- nÂ Xo£vWhpw e-£y-th-[n-bp-am-Wv. ]q´m\w Cu hcn-I-fn-eqsS Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p¶ Xc- n-ep-ff ùXn-I-kp-J-XrjvW tIc-f- nÂ \ne-hn-en-cp¶p F¶v \½psS BZy-Im-e-a-Wn-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ\n¶pw hyà-am-Ip-¶p-ap-v."D®n¨ncp-tXhn', "D®n-bmSn' F¶n-§-s\-bp-ff BZy-Im-e-N-¼p-¡fpw H¸w ]nd¶ aäv "Aö-N-cnX'§fpw C¯cw \qdp-\qdp Nn{X-§ÄsImv \nd-ª-h-bm-Wv. ]t£ Ah-bpsS Ihn-IÄ ]q´m-\-s¯-t¸mse kmaq-ln-I-hn-aÀi-Itcm `à-·mtcm Bbn-cp-¶n-Ã. adn¨v " N©-em-£n-amÀ hoSp-I-fnÂ]p¡p Ip©n-cm-a-·m-cmbn BSp-¶-h-cm-bn-cp¶p' AhÀ.

`à-n{]-Øm-\- nsâ DZ-b-Im-e¯pw ]pjv¡-em-h-Ø-bnepw tIc-f- n-ep-mb kmln-Xy-IrXn-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n- mÂ, Ah-bnÂ aq¶p-hn-[- n-ep-ff Cuiz-c-IoÀ -\-§-fp-s¶p ImWmw; taÂ¸p-¯q-cnsâ "\mcm-b-Wob' t¯t¸m-ep-ff AXn-K-l-\-§fpw kwkvIr-X-am{X hnc-Nn-X-§-fp-amb IrXn-I-fmWv H¶v.Infn- m-«p-Ifpw "lcn-\m-a-IoÀ¯\hpw DÄs -Sp¶ Kuc-h- n-I-hp-ff mjm-Ir-Xn-I-fmWvcm-a-t¯-Xv. ]q´m-\- n-tâ-XpÄs -sS-bp-ff efn-X- m-jm-\n-_-Ô-§-fmb eLp-IoÀ¯-\-§-fmWvaq¶m-as¯ hn`m-K- nÂs -Sp-¶-h.

Cu aq¶p kmln-Xy-cq-]-§Ä¡pw \½psS kmwkvIm-cn-I-N-cn-{X- nÂ {]tXyIw {]tXyIwØm\-ap-v. kwkvIr-X-]-WvUn-Xcpw kmln-Xy-aÀ½-Ú-cpw, F¶mÂ Ime-L-«- nsâ kuI-cy-§-fnÂs¸«Xn\mÂ kpJ-tem-ep-]-cp-am-bn-cp¶ ap³]-dª D]-cn-hÀ¤-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ s]s«¶p IS-¶p-sN-Ãm³, Akm-am-\y-]m-WvUn-Xyhpw kmln-Xy-aÀ½-Ú-Xbpw kam-\-amb hÀ®-a-ln-abpw Dm-bn-cp¶ kmXzn-tIm- -a-\mb taÂ¸p- qÀ `«-Xn-cn- m-Snsâ "\mcm-b-Wob' ¯n\pw CXc kwkvIr-X-\n-_-Ô-§Ä¡pw km[n- n-«p-v. ss{XhÀ®n-I-c-sÃ-¦nepw kmln-Xy-t_m-[-ap-f-f-h-cm-bn-cp¶ hnÚ-·-mÀ¡n-S-bn-emWv Fgp- -Ñsâ Infn- m-«p-IÄ¡p IqSp-XÂ {]Nmcw t\Sm³ km[n- -Xv. AXnsâ ê-amWv hnin-jvS-IÀ½-§-fpsS `mK-ambn tIc-fo-b-Kr-l-§-fnepw {Kmam- -c-§-fnse sNdnb t£{X-§-fnepw C¶pw \nehn-en-cn-¡p¶ ]pcmW]m-cm-b-Ww. F¶mÂ hnZym-k-¼-¶tcm km£-ctcm AÃm-Xn-cp¶ _lp- q-cn]£w hcp¶ km[m-c-W-P-\-§Ä¡nS-bnÂ, {]tXy-In¨pw kv{XoIÄ¡pw Ip«n-IÄ¡pwCS-bnÂ, Bkv-Xn-Iy-t_m[w \ne-\nÀ¯n-bXv ]m\- m-«p-I-fpÄs -sS-bp-ff eLp-IoÀ¯-\-§-fm-Wv.

IoÀ¯-\-§Ä¡p-ff ASn-Øm-\-kz- m-h-§Ä `ànbpw Km\m-ßI-X-bp-am-Wv. AXv D - n-em-e-]n-¡-s¸«v NpnÂ\n¶p ImXn-te¡p ]Icp¶p. IoÀ -\-§Ä lrZn-Ø-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v Fgp¯pwhmb-\bpw Adn-ªn-cn-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. Km\-X-ev]-c-Xbpw BkvXn-Iyt_m-[-hp-amWv IoÀ¯-\-§-fpsS{]Nm-c-tWm-]m-[n-IÄ. Km\-X-Xv]-cX a\p-jysâ ASn-Øm-\-kz-`m-h-am-Wv. FÃm- cw AÚm-\-§Ä¡pw A\m-Nm-c-§Ä¡pw ASn-bn-epw, tIc-f- nse km[m-c-W-P-\-§-fpsS lrZ-b- nÂ ZrV-amb BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[- nsâ ASn- d FÃm-¡m-e¯pw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. A§s\ ]q´m-\- nsâefn-X- mjm-\n-_-²-§-fmb eLp-IoÀ¯-\-§Ä tIc-f- nse Ahn-Ú-cmb km[m-c-W-¡m-cpsS CS-bnÂ ]SÀ¶p-I-b-dpI Xs¶-bp-m-bn.

`mj-bnse ZmÀi-\n-I-Im-hy-§Ä¡n-S-bnÂ, ]q´m-\- nsâ Úm\- m-\bv¡v Hcp {]tXy-I-Øm-\-apv þ AXv km[m-c-W-¡m-csâ ZmÀi\n-I-Im-hy-am-Wv. \qäm-p-I-fmbn BkvXn-I-À¡nS-bnÂ{]N-cn- n-cp¶ AXn-km[m-c-W-amb Hcp X¯z-Nn- -bmWv AXnsâ ASn-Øm-\-in-e. IÀ½-_-²-ambP\-\-a-c-W]-c-¼-c-IÄ {_Òmhp apXÂ Cu -sb-dp-t¼mfw ka-kvX -kr-jvSn-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-amWv.Pohn-X- neqsS t\Sp¶ ]pWy-]m-]-§-fpsS `mWvU-hp-ambn Pohm-ßmhv P·-]-c-¼-c-I-fpsS Npäp-tIm-Wn-bnÂ Ib-dn-bn-d-§p-¶p. Ønc-amb Cuiz-cmÀ -W-amWv P\n-ar-Xn-]-c-¼-c-I-fnÂ\n¶p-ff apàn-amÀ¤w. Cuiz-cmÀ -W- n-\v, hyàn-bpsS iàn-¡-\p-k-cn¨v ]e D]m[n-Ifpw Ds-¦nepw Ien-bp-K-¯nÂ Cuiz-c-\m-tam- m-cWw F¶ eLpkm²y-amb amÀ¤- n-eqsS FsXm-cmÄ¡pw IÀ½-_Ô\-¯nÂ \n¶pw P·-]-c-¼-c-I-fnÂ\n¶pw hnap-àn¡pw ]c-a-]p-cpjmÀ°-amb tam£- n\pw AÀlXt\Smw. AXp-sImv Ien-bp-K- nÂ \c-P·w t\Snb FÃm-hcpw ]WvUn-X-]m-c-a-c-t`-Z-sa-t\y, hÀ®-B-{i-a-t`-Zsas\y Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¦oÀ¯-\- nÂ apgp-Ip-hn³; A§s\ kmbpPyw t\Sp-hn³! AXn-



e-fn-Xhpw Ab-Xv\-km-²y-hp-amb Cu ]c-aÚm-\-amWv ]q´m\w tIc-f- nse kmam-\y-P-\-§Ä¡v"Úm\- m\-bn-eqsS \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

A§s\ Cuiz-c-\m-tam- m-c-W-am-lmßyw F¶ ]ca-Úm-\hpw AXn-\p-ff hn -h-§fpw ]q´m-\- nsâ BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[- mÂ ]qcn-X-amb Imhy-kn-²n-bnÂ\n¶pw e`y-am-b-t¸mÄ, tIc-f- nsekm[m-cW P\-§Ä B²ym-ßn-I-]-cn-hÀ -\- nsâ alm-]-Y¯n-se- p-I-bmWpmb-Xv.`àn-bpsSamÀ¤- n-eqsS kmam-\y-P-\-§-fpsS a\-Êns\ DZm- -hÂ¡-cn¨v kmwkvIm-cnI \ho-I-c-Whpw kao-I-c-Whpw t\Snb BNm-cy-\mWv ]q´m-\w. At±lw tIc-f- nse kmam-\y-P-\-§-fpsS ZmÀi-\n-I-\m-Wv. kÀtÆm-]cn BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[s¯ kÔym-IÀ½w F¶ Nn«-bnÂ\n-¶p-bÀ¯n kX-X-[À½wF¶ D¶-X-]o-T- nÂ {]Xn-jvTn¨ `mKthtXm- -a-\mWv ]q´m-\w.

Ieym-W-ku-K-ÔnIwaebmf¡cbnÂ ]nd¶ alm{]Xn`mimenIfnÂ ]eXpsImpw {it²b\pw, kzámb

hyànXzw sImv _lpP\kamcm[y\pw Bbn¯nÀ¶ almIhnbmWv Ip©³\¼ymÀ.At±ls¯¸än tIÄ¡m¯ tIcfnbcnÃ. \m«n³]pd§sft¶m \Kc§sft¶m,A£cm`ymkapÅhsct¶m CÃm¯hsct¶m, _mesct¶m hy²sct¶m bph¡sft¶m,k¼¶sct¶m Zcn{Zsct¶m DÅ t`Zw IqSmsX, tIcfsam«msI Adnbs¸Sp¶ Dcp almIhnbmWvIp©³. ‘Ip©³’ F¶Xv Hma\t¸cmWv. At±l¯nsâ bYmÀ° \mat[bw cmas\t¶mIrjvWs\t¶m Bbncn¡msa¶v Nne ]ÞnX½mÀ IcpXp¶p. ‘\¼ymcmim³’ F¶ t]cnÂCu almIhn, _lpP\lyZb§fnÂ D¶Xamb BZcWobamb, kvt\l\nÀ`camb Øm\w]nSn¨ncn¡p¶p. km[mcW¡mcmb klyZbscbpw P\§sfbpw Hcp ZriyIesbs¡mvC{Xam{Xw BIÀjn¡pIbpw, IhnXsImv ckn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pÅ {]mNn\ IhnIÄIp©s\t¸mse aämcpw CsÃ¶pXs¶ ]dbmw. ‘sNmÂ¡mgvN’ F¶v \mw C¶p sImmSp¶Xmftafk½n{iamb Imhymem] k{¼Zmb¯nsâ D]ÚmXrXzw bYmÀ°¯nÂIp©³\¼ymÀ¡mWp Iev]n¨psImSpt¡Xv. B A\pKrloXIhnhcysâ cknIXzw \ndªpXpfp¼p¶ IhnX, ]ÞnX\pw ]mac\pw H¶pt]mse lrZnØam¡n Dcphn«ph¶ncp¶p.Ihnbpw Imehpw:

Nne sFXnly§fpw {Kmahr²cnÂ \n¶p In«nbn«pÅ IYIfpw tI«ptIÄhnIfpwkmlnXyIrXnIfnÂ\n¶p e`n¨n«pÅ Nne sXfnhpIfpw Dulmt]ml§fpw A]qÀÆw NneB[mc§fpw am{Xta Cu hnjb¯nÂ \ap¡v Ahew_ambn«pÅp. kmlnXyNcn{XIÀ¯m¡·mcmb ]n. tKmhnµ¸nÅ, BÀ. \mcmbW¸Wn¡À, kmlnXy]©m\\³, almIhn DÅqÀXpS§nbhÀ Ip©³\¼ymscbpw AtZl¯nsâ IhnXIsfbpw Ipdn¨v khnkvXcw{]Xn]mZn¨n«pv. F¦nepw kmlnXy]©m\\³ ]n. sI. \mcmbW]nÅbmWv \¼ymsçänBZyambn KthjW _p²ym ]Tn¡pIbpw Hcp hnaÀi\{KÙw Xbmdm¡pIbpw sNbvXXv.A±l¯nsâ A`n{]mbw Xs¶bmWv C¶pw B[nImcnIamb {]amWambn klrZbÀ kÀÆmß\mssIs¡mÅp¶Xpw.\¼ymÀ Pohn¨ncp¶Xv {InkvXphÀjw ]Xns\«mw \qämnem sW¶pÅImcy¯nÂ Cu ]ÞnX½mscÃmw GIm`n{]mb¡mcmWv. H¶pIqSn kq£vaambn ]dbp¶]£w,G. Un. 1705 apXÂ 1770 hscbmWv \¼ymcpsS PohnXIme ambn \nÀ®bn¡s¸«n«pÅXv.PohNcn{Xw:

InÅn¡pdnÈnawKe¯pÅ Ie¡¯p`h\¯nemWv \¼ymÀ (\¼nbmÀ, \¼ymÀ þ Cu cpcq]§fpw icnbmWv) P\n¨Xv. ]me¡m«p PnÃbnÂ e¡nSn dbnÂth tÌj\Sp¯pÅ Hcp sNdnb{KmaamWv InÅn¡pdnÈnawKew. AhnsS inh£{X¯nÂ imńbpmbncp¶ InS§qÀIÃ¼Åna\bv¡se Hcp \¼qXncnbmbncp¶p \¼ymcpsS AÑs\¶p hnizkn¡s¸Sp¶p.\¼ymÀhÀ¤¯nÂs¸« HcmÄXs¶bmWv Ip©sâ ]nXmsh¶pw A`n{]mbapÅhcpv.

_mey¯nÂ AÑsâ IqsS InS§qcnÂ h¶p tNÀ¶ \¼ymÀ tIm«b¯n\ Sp¯pÅIpSamfqÀ {Kma¯nse sXt¡S¯p «Xncnsb B{ibn¨p IgnbpIbpw, At±lw hgn sN¼ItÈcncmPmhnsâ cmP[m\nbnev, AXmbXv A¼e¸gbnÂ, sN¶ptNcpIbpw sNbvXp. sN¼ItÈcncmPmhnsâ a{ńbmbncp¶p sXt¡S¯p `«Xncn. A¼e¸pgh¨v \¼ymÀ, cmPmhnsâtk\m\mbI\mbncp¶ am¯qÀ ]Wn¡ cpsSbpw, {]`p¡fmbncp¶ \ń¡m«v D®nchn¡pdp¸v,



t{ZmW¼Ån BNmcy³ F¶nh cpsSbpw {]oXnbpw kulrZhpw injyXzhpw t\Sn.amÀ¯mÞhÀ½ almcmPmhv sN¼ItÈcncmPyw sh«n¸nSn¨S¡p¶Xphsc, \{¼mÀ A¼e¸psgXmakn¨p. ]n¶nSv am¯qÀ]Wn¡À apJmćw \¼ymÀ, amÀ¯mÞhÀ½bpsSbpsSbpw ]n¶oSv[À½cmPmhnsâbpw B{inX\mbn Xncph\´]pc¯p Xmakam¡n. A¼e¸psg sh¨pw,Xncph\´]pc¯psh¨pamWv \¼ymÀ Xsâ XpÅÂ IrXnIsfÃmw FgpXnbn«pÅXv. Dt±iw cphymgh«¡mew A¼e¸pgbnepw, ]Xnt\gp hÀj t¯mfw Xncph\´]pc¯pw \¼ymÀXmakn¨ncn¡Ww.hmÀ²Iyambt¸mÄ A¼e¸psg¯s¶ Xncn¨p t]mIm³ \¼ymÀ BKzlw{]ISn¸n¨p. almcmPmhv AXn\p k½Xn¡pIbpw, A¼e¸psg \¼ymÀ¡v kpJambnIgnªpIqSm\pÅ hkvXphIIfpw t£{X¯nÂ\n¶nÅ BZmbhpw aäpw A\phZn¨psImSp¯vAt±ls¯ bm{Xbm¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

A§s\ \¼ymÀ A¼e¸psg Xncn¨ph¶v \¼ymÀaT¯nÂ Xmakn¨phcth Xsât£aImw£nbmb am¯qÀ]Wn¡sc kµÀin¡m³CSbv¡nsS s\SpapSnbnÂ t]mIpambncp¶p.AhnsSsh¨v Hcp t]¸«n ISn¡m\nSbmbn. \¼ymÀ kzKrl¯nÂ Xncns¨¯n NnInÕ XpS§n.kZy{]nb\mbncp¶ \¼ymÀ BbnsS A¼e¸pg Xncpapev]mSnsâ `h\¯nÂ \S¶ HcpamkaSnbńc¯nÂ ]¦psImp. \¼ymÀ aT¯n\p sXm«Sp¯mWv Xncpapev]mSnsâ Kylhpw.t]¸«nhnj_m[nXÀ¡v Xosc \njn²amb \mcm§¡dn \¼ymÀ Iq«pIbpw hnjw aqÀÑn¨pacWImcWambn ]cnW an¡pIbpw sNbvXp.XpÅensâ DÛhw

‘XpÅÂ’ F¶ Iem{]Øm\¯n\pw kmlnXycq]¯n\pw _oPmhm]w sN¿pIbpw,AXns\ ]camh[n ]cnt]mjn¸n¡m³ {ian¡pIbpw, A§s\ Iem]cambpw kmlnXy]cambpwtIcfnbÀ¡v Fs¶¶pw HmÀ¡¯¡h®w al¯msbmcp IÀ¯hyw \nÀln¡pIbpwsNbvXXn\ptijamWv \¼ymÀ \s½ hn«p]ncnªXv. XpÅÂ{]Øm\¯nsâ BKas¯¸än{][m\ambpw \mw a\Ênem¡p¶Xv kp{]kn²amb HsscXnly¯nÂ¡qSnbmWv. Ip©³A¼e¸pgbnÂ Xmakn¡p¶ Imew. A¶v t£{X¯nÂ \S¶ncp¶ IeIfpsS Iq«¯nÂNmIymÀIq¯n\mbncp¶p {]YaØm\w. A¶s¯ AXnhnZKv²\mbncp¶ NmIymÀ, Hcn¡ÂIq¯p]dªpsImncp¶t¸mÄ angmhvsIm«nbncp¶Xv Ip©³¼ymcmbncp¶p. NmIymÀ tÇmIwsNmÃn\ndp¯n, angmhpsImt« Hcp kµÀ`w h¶t¸mÄ \¼ymÀ Dd§t¸mbn. AXp ckn¡¯NmIymÀ \¼ymsc B kZÊnÂh¨p IW¡n\p Ifnbm¡n. NmIymÀ sXmSp¯phnSp¶ GXpXcw]cnlmk§fpw iImc§fpw A¶s¯ t{]£Icmb klyZbcpw aäpw kln¡pItbbpÅp.NmIymtcmSv adp¯ H¶pw ]dbm³ cmPm¡amÀ¡pt]mepw \nhy¯nbnÃ. A{Xbv¡v kzmX{ýwA\p`hn¨ncp¶ IemImc\mbncp¶p NmIymÀ. A¶s¯ NmIymcpsS ]cnlmksaÃmw Ip©\pwkln¨p. ]t£, ]ntäZnhkw NmIymÀ Ip¯p]dªp sImncp¶t¸mÄ, \¼ymÀ]It]m¡ms\¶h®w, sXm«Sp¯Å Ifn¯«nÂ Ibdn, Xmftaf§tfmSpw ]qXnbthjhn[m\t¯mSpw kwKoXmem]t¯mSpwIqSn Hcp \qX\Ie {]ZÀin¸n¨pXpS§n.Iq¯ptI«ncp¶hscÃmw AXp ImWm\pw tIÄ¡m\pambn At§mt«mSn. NmIymÀ kZkycmcpanÃmsXhnj®\mbn \n¶p. A§s\ \¼ymÀ, XteZnhkw Xs¶ IW¡äp ]cnlkn¨ NmIytcmSp ]Icwho«n. ‘IeymWkuKÔnIw’ Bbncp¶p \¼ymÀ BZyambn Act§dnb IY.

Cu sFXnly¯nsâ hnizmkyXsb NneÀ tNmZyw sN¿p¶pv. F¶mÂ,BtemNn¨pt\m¡nbmÂ Akw`mhyambn H¶pwXs¶ Cu sFXnlyIYbnensÃ¶p ImWmw.NmIymÀIq¯n\p angmhpsIm«p¶Xv \¼ym·mcmWtÃm. Ip©³\¼ymÀ A¼e¸pgbnÂ h¶pXmakam¡nb Ime v Xsâ Ipes¯mgnenÂ GÀs¸SpI F¶Xv km[mcWamWv. \¼ymsct¸mse{]Xn`mimenbpw _p²nam\pw sNdp¸¡mc\pamb HcmÄ, NmIymcpsS Ifnbm¡enÂAaÀjwsImÅpIbpw, B NmIymsc H¶p ]än¡Wsa¶p hnNmcn¡pIbpw sNbvsX¦nÂ AXpwkzm`mhnIamWv. C\n ‘IeymWkuKÔnIw’ t]msemcp IrXn Hcp cm{XnsImv \¼ymÀ¡vFgpXm³ Ignbpambncpt¶m F¶msW¦nÂ, XÂ¡memhiy¯n\p IptdsbgpXn, ]n¶oSv AXp]qÀ¯nbm¡nbXmhpw F¶p hnNmcn¡p¶XnÂ bpànbpv. Infn¸m«v, h©n¸m«v, lwk¸m«v,XncphmXnçm«v, ]m\ XpS§nb kmlnXycq]§fnepw aWn{]hmf¯nepw IhnX cNn v CXn\IwXs¶\Ã Xg¡w kn²n¨ncp¶ \¼ymÀ¡v XpÅÂ¸m«v Fgp¶Xn\p {]bmkapmbncp¶ncn¡bnÃ.IeymWkuKÔnIw IYbmsW¦nÂ AXpw CXnlmk{]kn²amWtÃm. ]pXnb IYbpw ]pXnb



hr¯hpw tXSn \¼ymÀ¡v F§pw t]mtInh¶nÃ. {]kn²amsbmcp IY, A¡me¯v{]Npc{]Nmcapmbncp¶ ]m«nsâ cq]¯nÂ XtâXmb Nne kwhn[m\{Ia§tfmsSênX]cnlmk§Ä CSIeÀ¯n kmam\yP\§Ä¡p cpNn¡¯¡h®w AhXcn¸n¡pIbmWv\¼ymÀ sNbvXXv. AXp P\§Ä¡p At§bäw Cãs¸SpIbpw sN¿vXp. A¼e¸pgbpsSkao]{]tZ§fnemWv \¼ymÀ Xsâ \qX\Ie BZyambn {]Ncn¸n¨Xv. AhnS§fnse[À½ssZh§fmb XIfn [À½imkvXmhnt\bpw am¯qÀ `KhXnsbbpw aäpw \¼ymÀ XsâXpffepIfnÂ kvacn¡p¶pv.XpÅepIÄ:

\¼ymcpsS XpÅÂ¡rXnIÄ BZyambn A¨Sn¨p {]kn²nIcn¡s¸«Xv sImÃhÀjw 1084þÂBWv. sImÃw hnZym`nhÀ²n\n {]Ênsâ DSaØ\mbncp¶ Fkv. än. sdUvUymcmbncp¶p {]km[I³.BZyw 32 XpÅÂ¡YIfpsS kamlcamb H¶mw `mKw AtZlw {]kn²s¸Sp¯n. ]n¶oSvcpsImÃw Ignªv 26 IYIfS§nb cmw`mKpw {]kn²oIcn¨p. ]ns¶ cpsImÃ¯n\ptijwCu A¼¯nsb«p IrXnIfpw tNÀ¯v Hcp kamlmcambn At±lw {]kn²w sNbvXp. BsI¡qSnAdp]¯n\mep XpÅÂ¡YIÄ \¼ymÀ FgpXnbn«ps¶mWv sFXnlyw. ]t£,{]kn²oIyX§fmb IrXnIfnÂ 42 F®w am{Xta Ip©tâXmbpÅp F¶v DÅqÀ ]dbp¶p.41F¶mWv {io ]n. sI. inhi¦çnÅ ]dbp¶Xv. 46 IrXnIÄ \¼ymcp sSXp Xs¶bmbncn¡msa¶v{]kn² KthjI\mb tUm. hn. Fkv. iÀ½bpw A`n{]m bs¸Sp¶p. XpÅÂ¡YIfmbnFgp]sX®w \¼ymÀ FgpXnbn«ps¶mWv kmln Xy]©m\\³ kqNn¸n¨n«pÅXv. XpÅepIfpsSkwJy Ipdbp¶XpsImv \¼ymcpsS Øm\¯nt\m, IemkmlnXycwK§fnÂ At±lwA\pjvTn¨n«pÅ tkh\§fpsS al\obXbvt¡m Ipdhphcp¶nÃ. XpÅÂ¡YIÄ IqSmsXaäkwJyw kmlnXyIrXnIfpsS IÀ¯mhpIqSnbmWv Ip©³\¼ymÀ F¶ Imcyhpw \mw HmÀ¡Ww.\¼ymcpsS IhnX

\¼ymcpsS IhnX XnI¨pw tkmt±iyIambncp¶p. cp{][m\e£y§fmWvAt±l¯n\pmbncp¶Xv. H¶v, km[mcW¡mÀ¡pthn, AhÀ¡p a\Ênemhp¶hn[¯nÂ,Ahsc ckn¸n¡pIbpw Nncn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ coXnbnÂ FgpXpI. cv, ênX]cnlmk§tfmSp¡qSn kmaqlyhnaÀi\w \S¯n, A§s\ kapZmb]cnjvIcWw km[n¡pI.Cu cv Dt±iy§Ä¡pw A\pkrXambn«mWv At±lw Xsâ `mjbpw ssienbpw hÀ®\IfpwAe¦mc{]tbmK§fpw ]m{XNn{XoIcWhpw aäpw \S¯nbn«pÅXv. Cu hkvXpX a\Ênem¡msX,\¼ymcpsS IhnXsb hnaÀin¨n«pÅhÀ B P\IobalmIhntbmSp \oXnIm«nbn«nÃm¯hcmWv.`mjmcoXn:

kwkvIrXt¯mSpÅ A¶s¯ ]ÞnX]£]mXw kmam\yP\§sf kw_Ôn¨v tZmjwsN¿p¶XmsW¶pw, AhÀ¡v cpNn¡p¶Xpw Zln¡p¶Xpw aebmf]Z§Ä kar²ambpÅaWn{]hmfamsW¶pw \¼ymÀ a\Ênem¡nbncp¶p.

“`SP\§sS \SphnepsÅmcp]SbWn¡nltNcphm³

hSnhnbs¶mcp Nmcp tIcfþ`mjXs¶ NnXw hcq

ISp]sS¡SpITn\kwkvIrXþhnISISpIhn tIdnbmÂ

`SP\§Ä [cn¡bnÃXncn¡psams¡bptaäpS³

`mjtbdn hcp¶ \ÃaWn{]hmfaXmIntem

ZqjWw hcphm\panÃ,hntij`qjWambvhcpw”

F¶v ‘k`m{]thiw’ ]db³XpÅenÂ At±lw ]dbp¶pv. \¼ymcpsS `mjbpsS C¼hpwemfnXyhpw kuµcyhpw hÀ®\bv¡pÅ NmXpcyhpw X·bXzhpw At±l¯nsâ GXp IrXnbnepwImWmw. AXv sIm¨pIp«nIÄ¡pw apXnÀ¶hÀ¡pw H¶pt]mse BËmZw ]IÀ¶psImSp¡m³]cym]vXamWv. HcpZmlcW¯n\v ‘IeymWkuKÔnI’¯nse Cu `mKw {i²n¡pI.

kuKÔnI]pjv]w tXSnt¸mIp¶ oatk\³ KÔamZ\]ÀÆX¯nepÅ IZfoh\w ImWp¶ImgvNbmWv



“iymafw \Ã IZfoalmh\wtImaf{io]qÀ®amip IoSn\m³]¨¡Zfn¡peIÄ¡nSbv¡nsSsa¨¯nÂ \¶mbv ]gp¯ ]g§fpwD¨¯ne§s\ ImÂ ]hnghpw]¨cXv\¡Ãpsam¶n¨p tImÀ¯pÅameIÄsImp hnXm\n¨ Zns¡¶pamtemIscms¡bpw i¦n¡pamdpÅeoemhnemtk\ \nev¡p¶p hmgIÄ.\mep `mK§fnÂ Xn§nhn§n¯Zm_mem\ne³ h¶p X«p¶t\c¯ptImemlew \r¯amSpw Ze§fpwBtemI\w sNbvXp hnkvabnöSn\m³ImemßPm\pP³ hoc³ hrtImZc³.”

Cu `mKw hmbn¨pt]mIpt¼mÄ¯s¶, kpµcamb B {]IrXn Zriyw \½psS at\mapIc¯nÂKmVambn ]XnªpIgnbpw. H¸w oatksâ Nn{Xhpw ]n¶oSXv Hcn¡epw amªpt]mIp¶XpaÃ.XpÅÂ¡mcsâ apJ¯p\n¶p tIÄ¡pt¼mgmIs«, tImemle\r¯w sN¿p¶ Ze§sft¸mse,_meI½mÀ B\µw sImp XpÅn¨mSpIbpw sN¿pw. XpSÀ¶pÅ ]¯p hcn C{]-Im-c-amWv

“Xmg¯p`mK¯p hoWpInS¡p¶hmg¸gwsImp aqSn aloXew]mgä ]«p hncnÏW¡ns\hmgbv¡pNpäpw {]Imiapst¸mgpwhmhepw Im¡bpw ]¨¡nfnIfpw{]mhpw ]cv´pw ]d¶p\S¡p¶]£nIÄ h¶n¸gp¯ ]g§sf`£n¡pamdnÃ t]SnsImmcptac£n¨pt]mcp¶Xmco h\sa¶pkq£n¨p t\m¡nXpS§o hrtImZc³”

efnXamb mj , lrZyhpw kzm`mhnIhpamb hÀ®\, {]mkwsImpw ]Z§fpsS At\ym\yapÅtNÀ¨sImpw hcp¯nbn«pÅ iÐ`wKn F¶nh ChnsS ImWm-\m-hpw.ênX]cnlmk§Ä

ênXhpw ]cnlmkhpw sImmWv \¼ymÀ FÃm¯cw BfpItfbpw hioIcn¡p¶Xv.XpÅepIfnse PohssNX\yw Ahbnse ênX ]cnlmk§fnemWv ØnXnsN¿p¶sX¶p]dbWw. ]mÝmXytZi¯mWv \¼ymÀ h¶p ]nd¶ncp¶sX¦nÂ At±lw temI¯nselmkkmlnXyImc·mcnÂ H¶ma\mbn¯ocpambncp¶p. BwKekmlnXy¯nÂ t]m¸v, kzn^vSv,ss{UU³ XpS§nb Ihnhcy·mÀ¡pÅ Øm\amWv aebmf¯nÂ \¼ymÀ¡pÅXv. XpÅepIfnÂImWp¶Xpt]mse A{X _lpeambpw kckambpw DÅ enXw aebmf¯nse¶Ã, atäsX¦nepw`mjmkmlnXy§fnÂ Dtm F¶v kwibamWv. Cu ênXhpw ]cnlmkhpw \¼ymÀkzmwioIcn¨Xv NmIymÀIq¯nÂ \n¶mImt\ XcapÅp. cN\bnÂ N¼pIÀ¯m¡·mtcmSpw \¼ymÀISs¸«n«pv.

XpÅÂIrXnIfnÂ ImWp¶ ênX¯n\pw ]cnlmk¯n\pw F{Xsbs{X DZmlcW§ÄthWsa¦nepw D²cn¡m\mhpw.]Ws¡mXnb\mb Hcp hr²{_mÒW³ {]Xn{Klw tamln¨vkXymkzbwhc¯n\p _²s¸«p t]mIp¶Xp \¼ymÀ hÀ®n¡p¶Xp C{]-Im-c-amWv:

“Fgp]s¯«p hbÊp XnIsªmcpIngh{_mÒW\nX t]mIp¶p;sImSpshbnÂX«n¨p«Ijnbnþsemcp]nSns\ÃmÂ aecps]mcn¡mw.”

F{X hbÊmbmepw ]Wt¯mSpÅ sImXn Xocm¯ {_mÒWsc \¼ymÀ \ÃXpt]mse



Ifnbm¡p¶pv:“apXphn{]·mÀ ]Wsat¶mÀ¯mÂ]pXphn{]³Xms\s¶mcp `mhwImin¡¸pdsa¦nepans¶mcpImin\p hIbps¶mÂ apw.”

{_mÒWcnÂ \¼qXncnamscbpw ]«·mscbpamWv \¼ymÀ IqSpXÂ ]nSnIqSnbn«pÅXv. XpfpF{¼m·mscbpw sIm¦W{_mÒWscbpw aäpw AhnShnsSbmbn kv]Àin¡p¶pp. tIcf¯nseHcp PmXnaX¡mscbpw \¼ymÀ shdptXhnSp¶nÃ. \mb·mÀ, amcm·mÀ, hmcy·mÀ, tat\m·mÀ,]Wn¡c·mÀ, X¼pcm¡·mÀ, \{kmWnIÄ, tPm\IÀ, sN«nIÄ, ap¡phÀ aXembn FÃmhn`mK§fnepÅhcpw XpÅÂIrXnIfnÂ \¼ymcpsS hnaÀi\¯n\p hnt[bcmIp¶pv. AhcwK¯p {]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ BÀ¡pw IhntbmSp hntcm[w tXm¶p¶panÃ. AXmWv \¼ymcpsShnPbw. Bscbpw a\x]qÀÆw Bt£]n¡Wsa¶v \¼ymÀ¡p hnNmcanÃ. Dt±iip²ntbmsSbmWvAt±l¯nsâ ]cnlmkw. HcnS¯v At±lw ]dbp¶Xp t\m¡q:

“Hcp¯À¡pw eLpXzs¯hcp¯phm³ tamlanÃ

Hcp¯¶pw {]nbambnþ¸dhm\paw mhanÃ

]camÀ°w ]dbm, aSnbs¶mcp]c\nµmZnIÄ \mhnepanÃ.”

Cu lrZbip²nbnÃmbncp¶psh¦nÂ \¼ymÀ, P\§fpsS tXmj¯n\p ]Icw tcmj¯n\p]m{Xamtbs\.]cnkchnaÀiw

A¶s¯ tIcf¯nsâbpw tIcfobPohnX¯nsâbpw Hcp bYmÀ°Nn{XamWv\¼ymcpsS XpÅepIfnÂ ImWp¶Xv. Xsâ Npäp]mSpw I kmaqlyhnIeXIsf hnaÀin¡m\pw]cnlkn¡m\pw ]pcmWIYIsf At±lw Hcp D]m[nbmbn kzoIcns¨t¶bpÅq. \¼ymÀ IqSpXÂXmakn¨ncp¶ A¼e¸pgbnepw Xncph\´]pc¯pw A¡me¯p \S¶ncp¶ kw`h§fmWv XsâIrXnIfnÂ hnhcn¡p¶Xv. ØeImet`Zs¯¸äntbm, IYm]m{X§fpsS hen¸s¨dp¸s¯¸äntbm H¶pw \¼ymÀ¡v bmsXmcp hnthN\hpanÃ. FÃm tZi§fpw At±l¯nsâ ZrãnbnÂH¶pt]msebmWv; FÃmhcpw ka·mcpamWv. Xm³ aq¶ma\mbn AI¶p \n¶psImv,FÃmhcptSbpw Ipä§fpw IpdhpIfpw Nqn¡mWn¡pIbpw, Ahbvs¡Xnsc ]cnlmkicwsXmSp¯phnSpIbpw sN¿p¶XnemWv At±l¯n\v DÕmlw. AXp Ipdn¡psImÅpIbpw sN¿pw.]e kµÀ`§fnembn At±lsagp Xnbn«pÅ Nne CucSnIÄ {i²n¡pI:

“IÅpIpSn¡pw \mb·mcpsS]Åbv¡n«p sImSp¡W Ip.”“F{¼m\¸w I«p`pPn¨mÂA¼ehmknIsfms¡¡¡pw.”“\nt¶mXnt¡m³ apÅpt¶cwD®nIÄ actado«pw apÅpw.”“In«nbsXm¶pw aXnbmhnÃm]«·mÀ¡Xp t_m[nt¡Ww.”“A¨n¡p Zmky{]hr¯nsN¿p¶h³sIm¨n¡p t]mb§p sXm¸nbn«oSWw.”“cp If{Xs¯bpm¡nshbv¡p¶XpX¸n¡p kpJansÃmcn¡epw.”

Cu hcnIÄ XpÅÂ¡mc³ Ifn¯«nÂ Ibdn \r¯w sNbvXpsImp ]mSpt¼mÄ AXpImWpIbpw tIÄ¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶ A¶s¯ aZy]·mcmb \mb·mcptSbpw, A¸w



tamãn¡p¶ F{¼m·mcpsSbpw, \n¶psImp aq{Xsamgn¡p¶ HmXn¡·mcpsSbpw, AanXem`wsImXn¡p¶ ]«·mcpsSbpw, s]¬tIm´·mcmb {]`p¡·mcpsSbpw, _lp`mcymktaXcmbcmPm¡·mcpsSbpw apJ¯v DZn¨ncp¶ `mht`Z§Ä H¶qln¨pt\m¡pI.

IÅs¯mgnepw Im]SyhpwsImv P\§sf I_fn¸n¨pt]m¶ncp¶ Iq«tcbpw apJwt\m¡msX, \¼ymÀ \ninXambn hnaÀin¡p¶p. apdnsshZy·mÀ, ZpÀ½{´ hmZnIÄ, AhnZKv²cmbtPymXnj¡mÀ, B«¡mÀ, taf¡mÀ, ]m«pImÀ, IhnIÄ, A`ymknIÄ, ]mNI¡mÀ, sN¸SnhnZy¡mÀ,`rXy·mÀ, ZqX·mÀ, k¶ymknamÀ, I¨hS¡mÀ, \mbm«pImÀ, ]«mf¡mÀ, thiymkv{XoIÄF¶n§s\ FÃm¯cw sXmgnÂ¡mscbpw AhcpsS {]hr¯nIsfbpw \¼ymÀ kqjva\nco£WwsNbvXv Xsâ \ncq]Wheb¯nÂ sImphcp¶pv. AXpsImp km[n¨ncp¶kmaqly]cnjvIcWw Ipds¨m¶paÃ. Ncn{X]cambn Ahbv¡pÅ {]m[m\yhpw H«pw IpdhÃ.

]pcmWIY \¼ymÀ hÀ®n¡pt¼mÄ, X§fpsS IYXs¶bmWtÃm ]dbp¶Xv F¶vtIcfP\Xbv¡v tXm¶n. Cu XmZmßyw Ahsc AXy[nIw ckn¸n¨p; BIÀjn¨p; ]nSn¨ncp¯nNn´n¸n¨p. Zpxkz`mh§fpw sImÅcpXmbvaIfpw C\nsb¦nepw ]cnXyPn¡Wsa¶v B´cmt{]cn¸n¨p. CXmWv IhnXbnÂ¡qSn \¼ymÀ sNbvX Gähpw henb kmaqlnI tkh\w.]gs©mÃpIfpw temtImànIfpw

\¼ymÀ A¶p IhnXbnÂ¡qSn {]tbmKn¨ ]gs©mÃpIfpw temtImànIfpw C¶pwtIcfoblrZb§enÂ ]XnªpInS¡p¶p.

“I\Iwaqew Iman\naqewIelw ]ehn[apeInÂ kpe`w.”

“Zpãp InSs¡ hc«pw {hWaXps]m«pw ]ns¶bpsamcp kab¯nÂ.”

“]Wsa¶pÅXp ssIbnÂ hcpt¼mÄKpWsa¶pÅXp Zqc¯mIpw.”“]Whpw KpWhpw IqSnbncn¸m³]Wnsb¶pÅXp t_m[nt¡Ww.”

“ho«neps¦nÂ hncp¶ptNmdpw In«pwDu«nepw In«m Zcn{Zs\t¶mÀ¡Ww.”

“s\Ãpw ]W§fpaps¶psh¨n«pIÃnepw ]pÃnepw XqIn¯pSs§mem.”“KXnsI«mÂ ]pen ]pÃpw Xn¶pw.”

“X«pw sIm«pw sN¬bv¡t{XIn«pw ]WaXp amcm·mÀ¡pw.”

“Bim\£csam¶p ]ng¨mÂA¼s¯m¶p ]ngbv¡pw injy\v.”

C§s\ Bib¯nÂ, `mjmcoXnbnÂ, hÀ®\bnÂ, IYm{]Xn]mZ\¯nÂ,{]IrXn\nco£W¯nÂ, PohnXhnaÀi\¯nÂ F¶pthm FÃm Imcy§fnepw hyàamsbmcpe£ys¯ þ kmaqly]ptcmKXnsb þ ap³\ndp¯n IhnXsbgpXnb Ip©\v, Xm³ kzoIcn¨ FÃmD]m[nIfpw Gähpw X·bambn, \qX\ambn, hn¹hmßIambn, lmkyabambn ImWm\pwNn{XoIcn¡m\pw Ignªp. AXmWv At±l¯nsâ al¯mb hnPbw.XpÅÂ{]Øm\w C¶v



Xm³ t\XrXzw sImSp¯ \qX\IebpsS {]NmcW¯n\mbn \¼ymÀ Ht«sd ]cn{ian¨n«pv.XXvêambn A¡me¯v At\Iw XpÅÂ¡fcnIfpw IemImc·mcpapmbn. \qdp\qä³]XpsImÃ¡mew XpÅÂ {]Øm\w tIcf¯nÂ kPohambn \ne\n¶p. ]n¶oSp ]e ImcW§fmepwAXn\p a§teev¡m³ XpS§n. ASp¯Ime v XpÅen\v tIcfw apgph³ {]Nmcw t\Sns¡mSp¯Hcp¶X IemImc\mbncp¶p ae_mÀ cma³\mbÀ. A{Xbpw _lpP\k½Xn ]n¶oSv BÀ¡pwe`n¨n«nÃ. F¦nepw Nnd¡Shp am[h³ \mbÀ, XehSn ]ß\m`³ \mbÀ apXemb XpÅÂhnZKv²·mÀ B Iebnepw A²ym]\¯nepw {]Kev`cmbncp¶p. tIcf¯nehnShnsSbmbntIÄhntI« Nne XpÅÂ¡emImc·mÀ Ct¸mgpapv. aäp ]e ¢mÊn¡v IeItfbpwt]mseXs¶ XpÅepw AXnsâ \nehmc¯nÂ þ KptWmXvIÀj¯nÂ þ A\pZn\w A[x]Xn¨phcnIbmWv.XpÅÂ aq¶phn[w:

XpÅÂ¡YIÄ Hm«³, ioX¦³, ]db³ F¶n§s\ aq¶phn[apv. thjhn[m\t¯bpwhr¯sshhn²yt¯bpw Bkv]Zam¡nbmWv Cu hn`P\w. ]Xnªa«nÂ ]mtSXmWv ]db³XpÅÂ. AXnt\¡mÄ apdpIn ioX¦³ XpÅepw, AXnepa[nIw thK¯nÂ Hm«³XpÅepw]mtSXpv.IeymWkuKÔnIw IYbpw \¼ymcpsS at\m[À½§fpw:

alm`mcXw BcWy]ÀÆ¯nÂ 146 apXÂ 155 hscbpÅ ]¯²ymb§fnÂ hnhcn¨n«pÅ‘kuKÔnIlcW’amWv \¼ymÀ Xsâ XpÅensâ CXnhr¯ambn kzoIcn¨n«pÅXv. hfsc{]kn²amb Hcp CXnlmkIYbmWnXv. Fgp¯Ñ³ alm`mcXw XÀÖabnÂ Cu IYsb tIhew\mev]Xp hcnIfnembn Npcp¡n¸ndªncn¡p¶p. sNdptÈcn`mcX¯nepw Cu IY kckambn{]Xn]mZn¡p¶pv. tIm«b¯pX¼pcmsâ ‘IeymWkuKÔnIw’ B«¡Ybv¡v tIcfsam«msI{]NmcapÅXmWv; kmlnXyKpWhpapv. C§s\ kmlnXycwK¯pw IemcwK¯pw At\IwIhnIfptSbpw Iem{]WbnIfptSbpw kamZckzoIcW §Ä¡v ]m{Xamb þ \mSIobX\ndªpXpfp¼p¶ þ Hcp hninãIYbmWv ‘IeymWkuKÔnIw’.

]mÞh·mÀ h\¯nÂ Xmakn¡p¶ Imew. Hcn¡Â, ImänÂ ]d¶phoW at\mlcambHcp ]pjv]w ]m©men¡p In«n. AXpt]mse Iptd ]q¡Ä e`n¨mÂ sImÅmsa¶pÅ XsâB{Klw AhÄ òat\mSp ]dªp. {]nbXabpsS hm¡p tIÄ¡m¯ Xmakw, òa³ ]q¡ÄtXSn ]pds¸«p. kuKÔnIs¸mbvIbnemWv Ah hncnªp\nev¡p¶Xv. ZpÀ¤a§fmbh\§fnÂ¡qSnbmWv òasâ bm{X. hgnbnÂ I ImgvNIfpw At±ls¯ BIÀjn¨p.CSbv¡pÅ IZfoh\¯nse¯n. AhnsSbmWv l\qamsâ hmkw. Xsâ A\pPsâ hchp IvDÅnÂ kt´mjn¨psh¦nepw, B kmlknIXsb H¶p ]co£n¡pIbpw ]n¶oSp amÀt¤m]tZiwsN¿pIbpw thWsa¶p \nÝbn¨v, l\qam³ hmÀ²Iyhpw AhiXbpw \Sn¨v hgnbnÂ sN¶pInS¶p. hgn amdnsImSp¡phm³ òa³ BÚmcq]¯nÂ Bhiys¸«n«pw hr²hm\c³ ANn\pX¿mdmbnÃ. hgn Hgtªm, adnISt¶m, hmeps]m¡namänsht¨m t]mhpItb \nhr¯nbpÅpsh¶pw,hmÀ²Iy¯mepÅ AhiXsImp X\n¡v Fgpt¶Â¡m³t]mepw hs¿¶pw l\pam³ ]dªp.òa³ t\cmb amÀ¤w hn«p \S¡p¶h\Ã. Xsâ bpKmćtPjvT\mb l\pams\ hnNmcn¡pt¼mÄ,B hÀ¤¯nÂs¸« Hcphs\ adnIS¡m\pw km²yaÃ. AXn\mÂ aq¶mas¯ \nÀt±iwXs¶kzoIcn¡msa¶p IcpXn, òa³ KZsImv l\pamsâ hmepbÀ¯m³ {ian¨p. hmept]mbn«v Hcptcmaw t]mepw A\§nbnÃ. òa³ ]cn{`m´\pw eÖnX\pw kwib{KkvX\pambn. hm\csâbmYmÀ°yw Bcmªt¸mgmWv B Ing«p Ipc§³ Xsâ tPyjvT³ Xs¶bmsW¶p a\ÊnembXv.òasâ Bß{]iwkbpw Hu²XyhpsaÃmw t]mbn, ]Icw hn\bhpw `ànbpw _lpam\hpwssIh¶p. l\pamsâ D]tZim\pkcWw B hoc³ kuKÔnIs¸mbvIbnÂ sN¶v, t]mcn\v h¶cm{XkscsbÃmw Pbn¨v, ]pjv]§sfÃmw tiJcn¨v ]m©meokhn[¯nÂ Xncns¨¯n. CXmWvIYbpsS Npcp¡w.

Cu IYsb Bkv]Zam¡n ZriyImhycq]¯nepw {ihyImhycq]¯nepw At\Iw IrXnIÄ\nÀ½nX§fmbn«pv. aqe¯nÂ\n¶v Aev]kzev]w hyXymkw hcp¯nbn«mWv Hmtcm {KÙImc\pwXsâ IrXn cNn¨n«pÅXv. \¼ymÀ X\n¡p ap¼pmbn«pÅ an¡ kmlnXyIrXnIfpw þaebmf¯nsebpw kwkvIrX¯nsebpw þ hmbn¨ncn¡Ww. hymk`mcXw, Fgp¯Ñsâ `mcXw,



sNdptÈcn`mcXw, ‘IeymWkuKÔnIw’ hymtbmKw apXemb IrXnIfnÂ \n¶v ]e IYmwi§fpw\¼ymÀ kzoIcn¡p¶pv. F¶n«v XtâXmb ho£W¯n\pw e£y¯n\pw ImhymZÀi¯n\pwA\pkrXambn Ahbv¡v cq]t`Zw hcp¯nbncn¡bmWv. IYm{]Xn]mZ\w, hÀ®\w, ]m{Xkrãn,Aćo£krãn, kw`mjW\n_Ô\w apXemb FÃm Imcy§fnepw \¼ymcpsS hyànXzw{]Xnên¨pImWmw.

t{]£Icmb km[mcW¡msc ckn¸n¡pIbpw Nncn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ coXnbnemWv\¼ymÀ, IYbnse Hmtcm L«hpw hÀ®n¨pt]mIp¶Xv. CXn\pthn aqeIYbnÃm¯ ]ekwKXnIfpw At±lw Iq«nt¨À¡p¶p. Xsâ bpàn¡pw `mh\bv¡pw kckXbv¡pwtbmPn¨hn[¯nÂ Ahsb hnhcn¡pw. ‘IeymWkuKÔnI’¯nse h\hÀ®\, Im«mfcmP\pwIq«cpw \S¯p¶ \mbm«nsâ hÀ®\, KÔÀÆkpµcnamcpw ]¶Kkv{XoIfpw A]vkcÊpIfpwtZhkv{XoIfpw hnZym[cnIfpw NmcWkv{XoIfpw aäpw \S¯p¶ \r¯ kwKoXmZnhnt\mZ§fpsShÀ®\, KÔamZ\]ÀÆXhÀ®\, IZfoh\hÀ®\, kuKÔnIs¸mbvIbpsS hÀ®\ F¶nh\¼ymcpsS `mh\mhnemk¯n\v H¶mćw D±mlcW§fmWv. Im«nÂ ImWp¶ \m\mXcwhr£eXmZnIÄ, ]£narKmZnIÄ, PeP´p¡Ä, tNtXmlc§fmb ]ehn[w ImgvNIÄ ChsbÃmwHcp \Ã Ne¨n{X¯nsâ {]XoXn P\n¡pamdv \½psS a\ÊnÂ ]Xnbp¶p. hyànIfpsS Nn{X§fpwH«pw IpdhÃ. ]m©men, òa³, l\pam³ XpS§nb ]pcmW IYm]m{X§Ä apXÂ th«¡mÀ,ImhÂ¡mÀ apXembn kaql¯nsâ Xmtg¡nSbnepÅhÀ hsc Cu IYbnÂ Øew]nSn¡p¶p.\¼ymcpsS ZrãnbnÂs¸Sp¶hcmbn, C\nbpapv BÄ¡mÀ.

“Imcnb¡mcpp, tat\m¡b¨\pþmcnb¸«c¨·mÀ ]ecpvtImbn½amcpSp¡f¡mcpve´¡pgÂ¡mÀ ]Xns\«p]pÅnbpþánÃnt¸mgfIm]pcnX¶nÂA´W·mcpw {]`p¡fpw `rXycpwN´tadoSpw ]Wn¡c¨·mcpw”

FÃmw B ]«nIbnÂs¸Spw. FÃmhtcbpw ]cnlmk¯nÂ s]mXnªmWv \¼ymÀAhXcn¸n¡p¶sXt¶bpÅp. AXn\p amäpIq«m³ ênXhpv.

kaql¯nÂ Al¦mcnIfpw Bß{]iwk sN¿p¶hcpw kv{XoPnXcpw Bb h¦{]`p¡sfIW¡n\p Ifnbm¡Wsa¶pÅXmWv \¼ymcpsS Dt±iyw. AXn\p oas\ Hcp]m[nbm¡pIbmWv.‘kXzcml¦mcKwòc]pcpj³’, ‘ImemßPm\pP³ hoc³ hrtImZc³’ Fs¶Ãmw DÅhntijW§Ä òa\p sImSp¡p¶ps¦nepw, AbmÄ, “s]®nsâ sNmÂtI«p NmSn¸pds¸«s]m®”\pw ‘almt`mj’\pw ‘almPf’\pw BsW¶p tXm¶¯¡h®w NneKqVmÀ°{]tbmK§fpw \¼ymÀ \S¯p¶p.

“]qcqhwi¯nÂ ]nd¶p hfÀs¶mcp]qcpjt{ijvT³ hrtImZcs\s¶mcphocs\t¡«dnhntÃ \n\s¡tSm?[oc\mat±lant±ltamÀ¡ \o”

F¶p òa³ hr²hm\ct\mSp ]dbpt¼mÄ, AbmfpsS AXncpIhnª Al´bpw h¦¯hpwXs¶bmWv shfns¸Sp¶Xv. Xsâ hoc]cm{Ia IYIsf Hmtcm¶mbn òa³ FSp¯p]dbpt¼mÄAbmfpsS Bß{]iwk AXnsâ ]ctImSnbnÂ F¯p¶p. òasâ Cu hI ZpÀhmk\IsfASnäÀ¯¡h®amWv l\pamsâ adp]Sn. Hcp ]cnlmk¨ncntbmsSbmWv aq¯Ipc§sâ XpS¡wXs¶:

“]m©mensbs¶mcp s]®ns\¡n«p]©_mWmÀ¯n ]nSns]«tlm \n§þf©pt]cpw sN¶p ssI¡p]nSn¨psImþ©msX thfnIgns¨¶p tI«p Rm³”

F¶ hcnIfnÂ ]mÞhsc AS¨mtj]n¡p¶p. ]m©mentbbpw shdpsXhnSp¶nÃ:“As©¦ne©pw IWs¡¶hÄs¡mcp



Nm©eyhpanÃ sXÃpt]mepw, \n§þf©pP\s¯bpw I¬ap\¯Ãn\mÂh©n¸Xn¶hÄt]mcpw hrtImZcm\me©p `À¯mshmcp¯n¡pXm\Xp\mepPmXn¡pw hn[n¨XtÃmÀ¡Ww.”

F{X aqÀ¨bpÅ ]cnlmkhmIvic§Ä! ]m©menbpsS Imtam·mZs¯bpw`À¯m¡·msc hioIcn¡m\pÅ kmaÀ°ys¯bpw hyRvPn¸n¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ]mÞhÀs]¬tIm´·mcmsW¶pÅ kqN\bpw Cu hcnIfnÂ ImWmw. ]mWn{KlWw sNbvX s]®ns\]peÀ¯mt\m ]men¡mt\m DÅ ]mShw t]mepw ]mÞhÀ¡nsÃ¶mWv hm\csâ XpSÀ¶pÅ]cnlmkw. AXv,

“ZpÈmk\³ ]p Zptcym[t\màamwZpÈmk\w sImp anh¶§ns\A©pt]À \n§fpw Ip\nevs¡¯s¶]m©mensbs¨¶Sn¨p, XeapSnNpän¸nSn¨p hen¨ng¨§s\apäpw almP\w t\m¡n\nÂ¡pwhn[uapä¯p sImz¶p XmUn¨pNmUn¨psXsä¶pSp¯ ]pSh hen¨gnþ¨äanÃmXpÅ]cm[hpwsNbvXpI®pwangn¨§p Ip\n¶oSn\s]m®¯Snb\mw \nsâ ]cm{IawImin¡p t]mtbm, IYn¡, hrtImZcm.”

F¶nSt¯mfamhpt¼mÄ AXnsâ aqÀ²\y¯nÂ F¯p¶p. ‘C{Xt¯mfw thtWm, ]cnlmkw?’F¶p klrZbÀ¡p tXm¶mw. F¶mÂ \¼ymcpsS kz`mhamWnsX¶p hnNmcn¨mÂ aXn.AX\pkcn¨mWv At±l¯nsâ cN\.

òal\paXvkwhmZ¯nÂ Akmam\yamb IemNmXpcnbpw \mSIobXbpw \ap¡p ZÀin¡mw.B L«¯nÂ ênX]cnlmk§Ä A§s\ tImcns¨mcnbpIbmWv. F¦nepw Ahbvs¡Ãmw\Ã bpàn`{ZXbpw ASp¡pw kzm`mhnIXbp apv.

h¦{]`p¡·mcpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbn òas\ AhXcn¸n¡p¶psh¦nepw, BCXnlmkIYm]m{X¯nsâ icn¡pÅ Kmwòcyhpw hocyhpw ]cm{Ia§fpw AXpeyamb`pP_ehpw AanXamb ]Xv\okvt\lhpw Kpcp`ànbpw FÃmw \¼ymÀ \ÃXpt]msea\Ênem¡nbn«pÅh\msW¶v At±l¯nsâ hÀ®\IÄXs¶ km£yw hln¡pw.

‘KÔZzn]{]uVaµk©mcnWn’bmb ]m©men, kuµcy¯nÂ am{XaÃ,hmIvNmXpcy¯nepw AZznXobbmWv. kuKÔnIw sImph¶pXcWsa¶v AhÄ òat\mSvAt]£n¡pt¼mÄ {]ISn¸n¡p¶ \bhpw hn\bhpw a\imkv{X]cnÚm\hpw _p²nIuiehpwAÛpXmhlwXs¶.

l\pamsâ AXncpIS¶ ]cnlmkhm¡pIÄ, bpK{]`mh\pw NncRvPohnbpw {iocma`à\pwhoc]cm{Ianbpamb B almßmhnsâ Kmwòcy¯n\pw alXz¯n\pw Aev]w a§teev]n¡p¶pv.F¶mÂ \¼ymcpsS Imthymt±iyhpw IhnXmcoXnbpw ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ B IYv]m{Xs¯s¡mp]dbn¨ hm¡pIÄ £´hy§fmWv. Xs¶ AXy´w `àn _lpam\§tfmsS kvacnÄ\pPt\mSp Im«p¶ kvt\l hmÕey§Ä l\qamsâ {`mXrkvt\l¯n\v D¯a \nZÀi\amWv.Xsâ icnbmb cq]w {]ISn¸n¡pt¼mÄ B hm\choc³ XnI¨pw {]uV\pw Kmwòcyhmcm¶n[nbpwBbn¯s¶ ImWs¸Sp¶p. cmambWIY l\qams\s¡mp Npcp¡n¸dbn¡p¶nS¯v \¼ymÀAhew_n¡p¶ HuNnXyw F{Xbpw kvXpXyÀlamWv. IYbnse aÀ½`mK§sfm¶pw At±lwssIhnSp¶nÃ ê{ipXnt]mepw ]dªnt« AXhkm\n¸n¡p¶pÅpXm\pw. C§s\{][m\IYbpsSIqsS KuchapÅXpw CÃm¯Xpamb At\Iw D]IYIÄ kµÀ`m\pkcWwXncpIn¡bcvcp¶XnÂ \¼ymÀ¡pÅ hncpXv H¶p {]tXyIamWv. th«bv¡p t]mIp¶Im«mf¸cnjIfpw kuKÔnIt]s]mbvI kwc£n¡p¶ ImhÂ¡mcpw ]dbp¶ A\p`hIYIfmWv



ChnsS KuchanÃm¯ IYIsf¶p hnh£n¡p¶Xv.IYm]m{X§fpsS D¨\oNt`Zhpw tkh`mhhyXymkhpw A\pkcn¨pXs¶ Ahscs¡mp

kw`mjWw sN¿n¡p¶XnÂ \¼ymÀ AXoh \njvIÀjn¨n«pv. ]m©men, òa³, l\qam³,Im«mfcmP³, \mbmSn¸cnjIÄ, ImhÂ¡mÀ apXembhcpsS kw`mjWw {k²n¨mÂ Cu hkvXpXt_m²yamhpw.IYbpsS \nXy\qX\Xzw

hfsc ]g¡w sN¶ Hcp IYbv¡v ]pXnsbmcp cq]hpw `mhhpw Iev]n¨v, XsâkaImeo\cmb klrZbcpsS kmlnXym`ncpNntbbpw Iem`ncpNntbbpw Xr]vXns¸Sp¯pIbmWv\¼ymÀ sNbvXXv. IeymWkuKÔnIw IY \ho\IhnItfbpw lTmZmIÀjn¨n«pv. hbemÀcmahÀ½ CXns\ {]XoImßIambn AhXcn¸n¡p¶p. IeymWkuKÔnIw F¶pXs¶bmWv BIhnXbpsS t]cv. ]ptcmKXnsb em¡m¡n, kIe {]Xn_Ô§tfbpw X«nXIÀ¯p apt¶dm³{ian¡p¶ kmlknI\pw D²X\pamb B[p\nI a\pjys\ KXIme kwkvImc¯nsâ alnasbA\pkvacn¨n«v, AXns\ AhKWn¡msXþ A\mZcn¡msX þ {]XypX, AXnÂ\n¶p iànbpwssNX\yhpw DÄs¡mv þ {]bmWw sNbvXmte Imcyambn Fs´¦nepw t\Sm\mhpIbpÅqF¶ ]caamb kXyw DZvt_m[n¸n¡pbmWv hbemÀ. KÀÆnjvT\mb oa\pw, ]Xv\nsb {]oWn¸n¡m³thn AbmÄ \S¯p¶ kmlknIbm{Xbpw, amÀ¤wt²y {]Xy£s¸Sp¶ hr²\pw ]IzaXnbpwalm_ehm\pamb l\qam\psaÃmw Cu kXyw A\mhcWw sN¿phm\pÅ D¯a {]XoI§fmbnhÀ¯n¡p¶p.ck{]Xn]mZ\w

\¼ymcpsS XpÅepIfnse Ømbnbmb ckw lmkyw Xs¶. F¶mÂ CXcck§tfbpw`mh§tfbpw `wKnbmbn BhnjvIcn¡mÂ At±l¯n\p IgnhnÃ¶p ]dªpIqSm. hochpw`ànbpamWv AhbnÂ ap¶n«p\nev¡p¶Xv. IeymWkuKÔnI¯nÂ òas\ B{ibn¨v hocw,iywJmcw, cu{Zw, àn F¶nh kµÀ`m\pkcWw DÖzeambn {]Imin¡p¶p. AÛpXw, bm\Iw,_o`Õw F¶o ck§Ä¡pw Cu IYbnÂ Øm\apv. lmky¯nsâ AXn{]kcw sImmhmwIcpW¯n\v \¼ymcpsS XpÅepIfnÂ th{X angnhp e`n¨n«nÃ.hr¯§Ä

Hm«³, ioX¦³, ]db³ F¶v XpÅÂ aq¶p hn[\ps¶p ]dªtÃm. AhbnÂ ioX¦³F¶ hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶XmWv IeymWkuKÔnIw. CXnÂ h{àw, ImIfn, A\pPKcKa\w,Iria[y, AÀ²tII, ]cykvXIm©n XpS§nb hr¯§Ä {]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶p. Xm³ hn`mh\wsNbvX \qX\IebpsS {]IS\¯n\v bpàsa¶p tXm¶nb hr¯§sfÃmw \¼ymÀ kzIrXnIfnÂ{]tbmKn¡p¶pv. AhbnÂ ]eXpw A¡me¯p {]Npc{]Nmc¯nencp¶ \mtSmSnKm\coXn IfpsS]cnjvIrXcq]§fmWv.(I-S- m-SvþA¼e¸pg cmahÀ½,Bap-J-]-T\w: Ieym-W-ku-K-Ôn-Iw)

IptN-e-hr¯w h©n- m«vh©nIfn AsÃ¦nÂ hÅwIfn XncphnXmIqdnse \mb·mcpsS Hcp hnt\mZhpw

BËmZ{]Npcamb Hcp hymbmahpw BIp¶p. henb Pemib§Ä¡p kao]w ØnXn sN¿p¶Nne tZhmeb§fnÂ hÅwIfn Hcp DÕhmtLmjambpw \S¯n hcp¶pv. hnkvXrX§fmbXSmI§fmepw caWob§fmb \ZnIfmepw kÀÆ{X hymIoÀ®amb Hcp tZi¯v Cu hnt\mZ¯n\vC{X ]pãnbpw {]Nmchpw kn²n¨XnÂ BÝcys¸tS ImcyanÃ. Cu Ifn¡mÀ¡v ]mSp¶Xn\mbnDm¡nbn«pÅ Km\Imhy§Ä¡v h©n¸m«pIsf¶pw hÅ¸m«pIsf¶pw t]À ]dbp¶p. Ct¸mÄAdnhnÂs¸«n«pÅ h©n¸m«pIfnÂsh¨v D¯aambn«pÅXv IptN-e-h¯w h©n- m-«m-Wv.

KmVmhtemI\w Bhiys¸SmsX {]YaZrãnbnÂ¯s¶ al¯mb [Àt½m]tZiwsN¿p¶ Hcp ]pcmWIYbmWv IptNehr¯w. temIkwc£W¯n\mbn a\pjycqt]WAhXoÀ®\pw Xsâ AXnam\pjIrXy§sfs¡mv _mey¯nÂ Xs¶ temIs¯hnkvab`cnXam¡n¯nÀ¯h\pamb {ioIrjvW³ Iwkh[m\ćw hnZym`ymk¯n\mbnkmµo]\nbpsS ASp¡Â sNÃp¶p. A{]kn²\mb Hcp {_mÒW _me³ AhnsSh¨v `KhmsâkXoÀ°yXbv¡pw kvt\l¯n\pw ]m{Xo`hn ¡p¶p. hnZym`ymkm\ćw ChÀ ]ncnbpIbpw]n¶oSv At\ym\yZÀi\¯n\pt]mepw CSbmImsX At\IhÀj§Ä IgnbpIbpw sN¿p¶p.



CXn\nSbnÂ `Khm³ Kuchtadnb AhXmcImcy§sf FÃmw sNbvXv XoÀ¯v, ZzmcIbnsecmPmhmbn«pw `mcXhÀj¯nÂ kÀÆYm GI]pcpj\mbn«pw CÑmb¯amb sFizcy¯nsâaqÀ²\ys¯ A\p`hn¨v, ZzmcIbnÂ kpJhmkw sN¿p¶p. Cu kµÀ`¯nÂ ‘kptNãnXwsImp PKÂ{]kn²³’ F¶ sa¨w am{XapÅh\pw Zcn{ZintcmaWnbpw Bb kXoÀ°y³`mcybpsS \nÀ_Ô¯mÂ hÃXpw bmNn¡m\mbn `Khmsâ ASp¡Â h¶ptNcp¶p.‘{]m`haptÅmsc {]mIrX³ ImWpt¼mÄ {]m`rXw thW’sa¶pv, F¶pÅ \ymbs¯A\pkcn¨v Ct±lw Hcp Iod¯pWnbnÂ Ipsd Ahepw s]mXnªpsI«ns¡mp h¶n«pv.F¦nepw C{]ImcapÅ Xsâ kXoÀ°ys\ PKÂKpcphmb `Khm³ FXntcÂ¡p¶Xpw]qPn¡p¶Xpw aen\hkv{X¯nÂ k©nXamb AhÂ `£n¨v A`qX]qÀÆamb kwXr]vXnsbA\p`hn¡p¶Xpw HSphnÂ Zcn{Z\mb Xsâ kvt\lnX\v sFizcy k¼¯ns\ {]Zm\w sN¿p¶Xpw,hncà\pw tam£mÀ°nbpamb B {_mÒW³ Bhiys¸«n«Ã, ]ns¶tbm Ømt\mÂ¡Àjw,sFizcyt[mcWnapXemb XpÑkwKXnIsf Ahew_n¨Ã Ønchpw \ÀÆmNyhpamb kvt\lwØnXn sN¿p¶sX¶pÅ A\LXXzs¯ temI§Ä¡v D]tZin¡m³ am{XamIp¶p. Zcn{Z\mbkXoÀ°y\pw AÀ°mt]£nbpamb t{ZmWs\ Aham\n¨ {Zp]Zsâ Ncn{Xt¯mSptNÀ¯p-h¨vBtemNn¡pt¼mÄ Cu IY F{X kmcamb D]tZis¯bmWv \ÂIp¶Xv!

Cu Km\IrXnbpsS Ihn ao\¨nÂ Xmeq¡nÂ cma]pcw F¶ Zn¡nepmbncp¶ HcphmcycmWv þ Ct±ls¯ Ct¸mgpw cma]pc¯p hmcyÀ F¶pXs¶ ]dªphcp¶p. Ct±lwhfsc hnZzm\pw F¶mÂ hfsc hnZzm·msct¸mse hnZybmÂ AewIrXs\¦nepw Zmcn{Z¯mÂ]oUnX\pw Bbncp¶psht{X. Ct±lw Cu h©n¸m«pm¡nbXns\¸än aebmf mjmNcn{X¯nÂC{]Imcw ]dªncn¡p¶p.

“ImÀ¯nIXncp\mÄ almcmPmhv 945þÂ hSt¡m«v Fgp¶Ånbncp¶ kabw ssh¡¯vAev]Znhkw Fgp¶Ån Xmakn¨p. Cu hÀ¯am\w hmcycpsS injy·mcdnªv Hcp hn[¯nÂhmcysc ]dªpk½Xn¸n¨v ]¯ptÇmI§fp m¡n¨psImv ssh¡t¯¡psImpt]mIpIbpw AhnsS ASnbd shbv]n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. BÄ Ipsd tbmKy\pwhnZzm\pamsW¶v almcmPmhv tÇmI§Ä Ip \nÝbn¨v `£Ww sImSp¡¶Xn\v N«wsI«n,Xncnsb Fgp¶Åp¶ kabw hmcycv IShnÂ lmPcpmbncp¶p. t_m«nÂ¡qSn Ibdp¶Xfn\pIev]n¡pIbpw hmcyÀ AXnÂ IbdpIbpw sNbvXp. A\ćw Hcp hÅ¸m«pm¡n ]mSp¶Xn\vXncpa\ÊnÂ \n¶pw Iev]n¨p. XÂ£Ww thXmIbmÂ hmcyÀ Aev]w £oWn¨p. F¦nepw]ca`à\mIbmÂ s]cpwXrt¡mhne¸s\ [ym\n¨psImv IptNehr¯w hÅ¸m«mbn«v Bcw`n¨p]mSn¯pS§n. Xncph\´]pcs¯gp¶ÅbXpw IY Ahkm\n¨Xpw icnbn«ncp¶p.”

`mjmNcn{XIÀ¯mhnsâ Cu D]\ymks¯ \nÀÆmZambn AwKoIcn¡mtam F¶p hfsckwibnt¡nbncn¡p¶p. GXmbmepw XncphXmIqÀ almcmPmhnsâ XncphpÅs¯ Xm³A`nejn¨ncp¶ Ime v AhnSps¯ Iev]\ A\pkcn v Cu Imhyw \nÀ½n¨XmsW¶p IhnXs¶]dªncn¡p¶Xn\mÂ AXnsâ bmYmÀ°ys¯¸än bmsXm¶pw kwibnt¡XnÃ. CukwKXnsb ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n, ]gb N¼pImc·msct¸mse, Hcp D]amcq]¯nÂ Ihn XsâIYmhnjbs¯ AhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶p.IYmhnjbs¯ kqNn¸n¡am{Xw sNbvXn«v, IhnamÀ¯mÞhÀ½ almcmPmhnsâ A]Zm\§sfbpw kym\µpc\Kc¯nsâinev]sshNn{Xs¯bpw hÀ®n¡p¶p. Cu cp kwKXnIfpw A¡mes¯ P\§ fpsSat\mhr¯nsb KmVambn hioIcn¨ncp¶ncn¡Ww. tIhew sNdp{]mb¯nÂ,B`yćIel§fmÂ Ahk¶amb Hcp sNdnb cmPy¯nsâ A[n]\mbn¯oÀ¶ B cmPknwl³,DÕmlw, {]`pX, a{´w Cu aq¶p iànIsf hnthI]qÀÆw hn\ntbmKn¨Xn\mÂ ‘kzmant{ZmlnIsShwihntÑZw hcp¯n’, kzcmPy¯nÂ ØnXnsb Dd¸n¨XpIqSmsX, ‘kzman{Xa¶h·msc {Zhn¸n v’CXc cmPy§sf \njv{]bmkw IogS¡n C¶s¯ XncphnXmwIqÀ cmPys¯ {]XnjvTm]n¡bpwsNbvXp.A\ćw {io]ß\m`{]XnjvT, `{ZZo]{]XnjvT apXemb ]pWyIÀ½ §sfbpw At±lw\nÀÆln¨p. CsXÃmw Ignªt¸mÄ At±l¯nsâ {]Xm]Zo]vXn F{Xam{Xw {]NÞXtbmSpIqSnP\§fpsS at\mho£W§fnÂ ]Xn¨ncn¡ Wsa¶p \ap¡v Duln¡matÃm. C§s\bpÅA]Zm\§sf ZÀin¨v BÝcy]cX{´\mbn¯oÀ¶ IhnbmIs«, Xsâ almcmPmhns\[À½kwØm]\¯n\mbn almhnjvWp kzoIcn¨n«pÅ Hcp \hXmcsa¶pXs¶ IcpXp¶p.



“amÀ¯mÞalo]Xo{µ³ shdpsXtbm Pbn¡p¶p!amtemItc, a¶cmbmeoh®w thq”

F¶p tLmjn¡p¶XnÂ \n¶v, IhnbpsS A`n{]mb¯nÂ £{Xnb·mÀ¡v BZÀi`qX\mbncp¶pCu cmPmsh¶pw kv]ãamIp¶p.

C¡me¯p ]p¯\mbn ]WnIgn¸n¨ {io]ß\m`kzman t£{Xhpw sIm«mchpwtIm«¯f§fpw FÃmw Cu cmPy\nhmknIÄ¡v AXy´w BËmZ{]Zambn¯s¶ Ccp¶ncn¡Ww.Cu A`n\hcmP[m\nbpsS inev]hnemks¯ hmcyÀ hnkvXcambpw `wKnbmbpw hÀ®n¨n«pv.at\m[À½k¼¶amb IhnbpsS `mh\mZrãnbnÂ Cu ]WnIsfÃmw ‘ZnhycXv\ab’ambntXm¶ps¶¶p am{XaÃ, Ah IÃpw achpamsW¶p tXm¶p¶hsc ]m]nIsf¶v At±lwA[nt£]n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

C{]Imcw cmP{]iwkbpw \KchÀ®\bpw IgnªXnsâ tijw IYm`mK¯nsâ]oTnIbmbn IptNehr¯m´whscbpÅ {ioIrjvWNcnXw kcfa[pcamb coXnbnÂ kw{Kln¨vD]\ykn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. ‘sh® I«pXn¶pw thiyamÀ¡v Iqenthe sNbvXpw’ hfÀ¶ BtZhtZh³ XÀ®IXkvXcwsImp \m·pJs\ Icbn¨Xpw Iwks\ h[n¨Xpw ba]pcnbnÂ\n¶pkmµo]\nbpsS ]p{Xs\s¡mph¶p KpcpZ£nW \S¯nbXpw _mWbp²¯nÂ ]ctaizscPbn¨Xpw mcXbp²¯nÂ àhmÕeyw \nan¯w kXys¯ ad¶p N{Imbp[hpambn ojvacpsSt\À¡p bp²¯n\Sp¯Xpw’ FÃmw kµÀt`mNnXamb ck]cn]qÀ¯ntbmSpIqSn hÀ®n¨n«pv.ChnsS IhnbpsS Hcp at\m[À½ hntijwIqSn {]Xy£ambncn¡p¶p. `KhmsâDÂ¡rãKpW§fnÂ h¨v IptNe hr¯¯nÂ khntijw {]Imin¡p¶Xv At±l¯nsâ`àhmÕeyamWtÃm. kzmanbpsS Cu `àhmÕeyw kÀtÆm]cnbmbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv]mÞh·mÀ hnjbmamsW¶pÅXn\pw kwibanÃ. AXn\mÂ IYmcw`¯n\pap¼pXs¶, KhmsâCu IcpWmsshinãyw hmb\¡msc ZrVambn DÂt_m[n¸n ¡p¶Xns\¶h®w ‘]mÞh·mcnÂ]£]mXn’bmb `Khm³ AhÀ¡pthn sNbvXn«pÅ klmb§sf Ihn Hcp hn[wkhnkvXcambpw hmb\¡mcpsS a\kns\ `ànckwsImp inincoIcn¡¯¡h®hpwhnhcn¡p¶p.

C{Xbpw ]dªXnsâ tijw ZpÀÆmcZmcn{ZyZpxJs¯ Hgn¡p¶Xn\mbn ZzmcImhmknbpwk{_ÒNmcnbpamb kÀÆiàs\ sN¶pImWWsa¶v AhÀ `À¯mhnt\mSv At]£n¡p¶p.Cu At]£sb kzoIcn¨p ]ntäZnhkw {]`mX¯nÂ IptNe³ {]m`rXklnX\mbn]pds¸Sp¶Xns\ Ihn lrZbwKaambn hÀ®n¨ncn¡p¶p.

“Iqe¦jIpXqlew ISbpsaSp¯n«\pþIqebmb ]Xv\ntbmSp bm{XbpwsNmÃn,_memZnXysh«w XpS§nbt\cw, IrjvW\maþPme§sf P]n¸qXpw sNbvXp, IptNe³Nmte het¯ms«mgnª NtImcmZn]£nIsStImemlew tI«psImp hn\nÀ¤an¨p.”

amÀ¤¯nÂ At±l¯nsâ hnNmc§Ä a\pjykz`mh¯n\v AXy´m\pcq]§fmbncn¡p¶p. Xm³ F´p kmlknI\mWv! Bsc Im×m\mWv ]pds¸«ncn¡p¶Xv? B{]]©s¸cpamfn\pw X\n¡pw X½nÂ euInIZrãym APKPm´caÃ, tacphpw ISpIpw X½nepÅhyXymkamWv DÅXv. B ØnXn¡v `KhÂ k¶n[nbnÂ F¯p¶ Imcyw Ccn¡s«, `KhmsâhmkØe¯nÂ X\n¡v {]thiw Xs¶ e`n¡ptam? KpcpIpehmk¯nÂ sN§mXnbmbncp¶pF¶pÅ AhImiatÃ Xm³ sImpsNÃp¶Xv? lm! Iãw! sFizcyk¼¶cmb {]`p¡·mÀC§s\bpÅ kJy§sf Ft¸msg¦nepw Imcyambn KWn¡mdptm? AXncn¡s«,KpcpIpehmk¯n\ptijw Ct¸mÄ hÀjw F{X Ignªncn¡p¶p! kvt\lw {]amWn msW¦nÂXm³ CXn\Iw Hcn¡se¦nepw `Khms\ sN¶pImWpIbpmtbm? A§s\bncns¡ Ct¸mÄsNÃp¶Xv shdpw bmN\bv¡msW¶v kv]ãatÃ? CXnÂ]cw eÖmIcamb Hcp \nebptm?Xsâ At]£ \mfoIw Icn¼\tasebvXt]mse hn^eambn¯ocpsa¶p km[p {_mÒW³i¦n¡p¶p. F¦nepw `Kh¯Xzs¯ \Ãh®w {Kln¨n«pÅ At±l¯nsâ a\ÊnÂ Cu



ZpÀLSmhØbv¡v kam[m\w tXm¶mXncp¶nÃ.C§s\bpÅ hnNmc[mcbmÂ amÀ¤t¢is¯ ad¶p IptNe³ ZzmchXnbpsS kao]¯nÂ

F¯p¶p. ChnsS kmam\yw ZoÀLhpw ZzmcIm\Kcs¯ hmb\¡mcpsS at\mZrãn¡pkm£mÂ¡cn¡m³ ]cym]vXhpamb hÀ®\ Ihnbv¡v Cu hnjb¯nepÅ ]mShs¯ \Ãh®w{]ZÀin n¡p¶p. ZzmcImZÀi\¯mÂ {_mÒW\pmb B\µ]mchiys¯ Ihn C{]Imcw DÂ`mh\wsN¿p¶p.

“cmam\pPm©nXcmP[m\n kÂIcntÏnbtcmam©¡p¸mbaod\mbn sN©t½koamXoXm\µm{iphnÂ Ifn¡sImp, IptNeþtNmamXncn¡Xp NpaSmbnäªp.`ànbmb Imäp ssIIW¡neteäp s]cpInb`mKy]mcmhmc`wKn]c¼cbmiàntbmSpIqSn h¶p amdnamdnsbSp¯n«pimÀMnbpsS ]pcZzmcw ]qIn¡s¸«p.”

Ae¦mc NmXpcnbmepw AÀ°]pãnbmepw Cu ]Zy¯n\p kn²n¨n«pÅ NaÂ¡mcwAhmNyamWv. IhnIfpsS a\Êns\ Hcp {XntImWkv^SnI t¯mSp]an¡mw.BZnXysâ ip{`hÀ®amb civan \½psS a\Ên\p hntijamb Hcp IuXpIt¯bpw \ÂIp¶nÃ.F¶mÂ A§s\bpÅ Hcp civan Hcp {XntImWkv^SnI¯n\pÅnÂ¡qSn shfnbnÂ hcpt¼mÄAXv inYneo`hn¨v C{µNm]¯nse k]vXhÀ®§sf BhnjvIcn¡p¶Xv ImWpt¼mÄ \ap¡vBËmZw tXm¶p¶p. CXpt]mseXs¶, tcmam©t¯mSpw B\µ_mjv]t¯mSpw IqSn IptNe³ZzmcImtKm]pc¯nse¯nsb¶p ]dªmÂ B hkvXpX {Kln¨p F¶ÃmsX \½psS lrZb¯nÂbmsXmcp hnImchpw DmIp¶nÃ; B hmIyw \½psS lrZbs¯ kv]Àin¡p¶pt]mepanÃ.F¶mÂ C{]Imcw bmsXmcp hntijKpWhpanÃm¯ kwKXnIÄ D¯a\mb Hcp IhnbpsS`mh\bnÂ {]Xnên¨v, hm{Kpt]W shfnbnÂ ]pds¸Spt¼mÄ AhbpsS \m\m{]ImtcWbpÅ`wKnhnemkw \½psS lrZbs¯ BhÀÖ\w sN¿p¶p.

“BgnaIfpsamcpans¨mcp I«nt·et¶cwGgmwamfnIapIfnencp¶cpfpwGgpIpeIhmgnbmb X¼pcm³.”

{]nbhbky\mb {_mÒWsâ hchp Ip Xmsg Fgp¶Åp¶Xpw, [oc\mb sN´mac¡®³I®p\ocWnbp¶Xpw,

“amds¯ hnbÀ¸pshÅwsImp \mdpw kXoÀ°ys\amd¯p×tbmSp tNÀ¯p KmVw ]pWÀ¶pIpdpaqew Xrss¡sImp ssI]nSn¨psImp]cnþtIdns¡mp e£vaoXev]¯nt·Â...”

Ccp¯p¶Xpw {Zp]s\t¸msebpÅ Pf{]`p¡Ä¡v F{X kmctadnb ]mTambncn¡p¶p! ]n¶oSv]ca`à\mb B {_mÒW\pw `à`à\mb `Khm\pw X½nÂ \S¡p¶ B kw`mjWamIs«AIr{Xnahpw A\mXriyhpamb am[pcyw t]dp-¶p. iÐme¦mc§fmÂ Hcp Imhy¯n\p kn²nt¡Naev¡mcw Cu Imhy¯n\p \Ãh®w e`n¨n«pv. hmIy§fmb\zbn¡m³ t¢iapÅ hcnIÄhfsc ZpÀLSambpw AXn\mÂ CXnsâ cN\mkujvThw ÇmLyambpw Ccn¡p¶p.kµÀt`mNnX§fmb ck§Ä thpwh®w ]pãnh¶n«pÅXn\p]pdta, Cu Imhy¯nÂ BZy´wA\pkyqXambn {]hln¡p¶p. cma]pc¯phmcycpsS IrXnbmb CXcImhy§Ä DÅ]£wAhsb Ip]nSn¨p {]kn²oIcnt¡Xp `mjm{]WbnIfpsS IrXyamIp¶p.

Cu Imhy¯nsâ hr¯w am{XmkwJysb¡mÄ A£ckwJysb B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶p.Hmtcm ioensâbpw BZys¯ hcnbnÂ ]Xn\md£c§fpw cmas¯ hcnbnÂ ]Xnaq¶£c§fpwIrXyambS§nbncn¡p¶p. F¶mÂ Cu hcnIfnse am{XIÄ¡v C{]Imcw JÞnXamb Hcp\nbahpw ImWp¶nÃ. F¦nepw FgpXp¶ coXnsb am{Xw ASnØm\am¡msX Np³ hÅ¯nÂ



]mSp¶ coXnsb A\pkcn¨ {lkzZoÀL\nÀ®bw sNbvXp am{XIsf F®p¶XmbmÂ H¶mas¯hcnbnÂ Ccp]¯nbmdpw cmat¯XnÂ Ccp]Xpw am{XIÄ {]mtbW ImWs¸Sp¶XmWv. CXn\pwhfsc hyXykvX§fnsÃ¶Ã. aebmfÑµÈmkv{X¯nÂ Cu hr¯¯n\p ‘\tXm¶X’ F¶pt]À Iev]n¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. AXnsâ e£Ww,

“KWw Zzy£csas«®þsam¶mw ]mZ¯nÂ, aäXnÂKWamdc \nÂt¡Wwcpsa«maX£tcKpcpXs¶sbgps¯ÃmþavÈoen³ t]À \tXm¶Xm.” þ (hr¯aRvPcn)

Cu Imhyw 973þÂ \mSp\o§nb ImÀ¯nIXncp¶mÄ almcmPmhnsâ Ime¯v AhnSps¯BÚ{]Imcw FgpXs¸«Xmbn `mjmNcn{X¯nÂ ImWp¶p. Cu Duls¯_es¸Sp¯p¶Xn\mbn B`yćamb bmsXmcp sXfnhpw Cu Imhy¯nÂ ImWp¶nÃ. ImÀ¯nIXncp¶mÄ Xncpa\Ênse \mat[bw ‘cmahÀ½’ F¶mbncp¶p. F¶mÂ Ihn hmgv¯p¶sXÃmwamÀ¯mWvThÀ½ almcmPmhnsâ ]cm{Ias¯ BIp¶p. CXp ImÀ¯nIXncp¶mÄ Xncpa\ÊnseA½mh\pw XncphnXmwIqÀ cmPyØm]I\pw Bb cmPÀj`s\ Dt±in¨msW¶pÅXn\pkwibanÃ. AhnSps¯ A]Zm\§fpsS IoÀ¯\w `mKnt\b\mb Xncpa\Ênte¡p{]oXnIcambn¯s¶ Ccn¡psa¦nepw \mSphmWncp¶ almcmPmhns\Ipdn v Ihn Hc£cw t]mepw]dbmsX Hgnhm¡psa¶pÅXv Akw`hyambn tXm¶p¶p. amÀ¯mÞhÀ½ almcmPmhn\pkÀÆYm A\pcp]\mb `mKnt\b\mbncp¶p cmahÀ½almcmPmsh¶pÅ hmkvXhw Cu Akw`hyXsb Gähpw _es¸Sp¯p¶p. F¶pam{XaÃ,amÀ¯mÞhÀ½amlmcmPmhns\ hmgv¯p¶XnÂ, ‘amÀ¯mÞalo]Xn{µ³ shdpsXtbmPbn¡p¶p’ F¶pw aäpw At\Iw {]tbmK§Ä hÀ¯am\Ime¯nÂ ¯s¶bmWv.

“\m«ns\ a¶m¡nbXpamÀ¯me§p PbkvXw`w\m«pao \hmhXmcsa¶p tXm¶p¶p”

F¶p XZm\o´\mb cmPy`cWsshinãys¯ kqNn¸n¨p«pÅ `mhn{]tbmKhpwImWp¶pv. AXn\mÂ amÀ¯mÞhÀ½almcmPmhnsâ cmPy`cWImeamb sImÃw 904 þ \pw933 þ \pw CSbnemWv Cu Imhy¯nsâ DÛhsa¶pÅ ]£w Iptd¡qSn bpànbpàambncn¡p¶p.F¶p am{XaÃ, hninãNcn{X\mb B cmPÀj`³ F«pho«nÂ¸nÅ½mÀ apXemb i{Xp¡sf \in¸n v,cmPyhnkvXrXn hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw, AhnsS kam[m\w Øm]n¡pIbpw, `{ZZo]w apXemb]pWym\pãm\§sf {]XnjvTn¡bpw sNbvXXnsâ tijamWv Cu Imhyw DmbsX¶v CXnsâBZy`mKwXs¶ sXfnbn¡p¶p.

NXp-cýw þ \c-I-hÀW\tIc-f-ss{I-kvXh kaq-l- n\p {]mtbm-KnI PohnX ZÀi-\- nÂ hnf¡pw shfn- -hp-am-bn-

¯oÀ¶ cN-\-I-fmWv ]Àh§Ä F¶ t]cnÂ Adn-b-s -Sp¶ A©p-Im-hy-cN-\IÄ. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ Aý-L«w \membn hn`-Pn¨v ac-W-th-f-bnse A\p- -h-§Ä hnh-cn-¡p¶ acW]Àhw, ac-Wm-\- cw Hmtcm hyànbpsSbpw IÀ½- -e-ambn F v F§s\ hn[n-¡-s -Sp¶p F¶p-ap-¶-dn-hp-X-cp¶ hn[n-]Àhw, hn[n-¡p-tijw \c-I- nÂ sNÃp-¶-hsc Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶ HSp-§m¯ ]oU-\-§-fpsS IY-]-d-bp¶ \c-I-]Àhw, kzÀK-ku- m-Ky-§-fpsS hnh-c-W-amb tam£-]Àhw, tbiphnsâA½-bmb adn-b- nsâ Pohn-X-a-c-W-§fpw kzÀKm-tcm-]-Whpw BJym\w sN¿p¶ D½m-]Àhw F¶n-h-bmWv ]Àh-§Ä F¶p s]mXpsh Adn-b-s -Sp¶ ae-bm-f- nse BZyIme ss{IkvX-h-Im-hy-§Ä. Ch-bnÂ BZys¯ \mse®w am{Xw tNÀ¯p NXp-cýw F¶pw hyh-l-cn-¡m-dp-v.

ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnÂ acWw Hcp hyày-\p- -h-ambn BZyw IS-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xp -a-c-W-]Àh- n-em-Wv. AXn-\p-ap³]v kmam-\y-h-Xv¡-cn-¡-s¸« acWhpw ac-W-ZÀi-\hpw am{Xta ae-bm-fn-IÄ¡p ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. Fgp- -Ñ-sâbpw ]q´m-\- n-sâbpw IrXn-I-fnepw cma-N-cn-X- nepw I®-È³



IrXn-I-fn-ep-sams¡ ac-W-ap-v. ]t£, ac-W- nsâ km¶n-[y-a-Ã, ac-W-Nn- -bpsS km¶n-[y-am-WvB kµÀ`-§-fn-sems¡ \ap-¡-\p- -h-s¸Sp¶Xv. acWw Ahn-sS-sbm¶pw Hcp hyàn-\p- -h-a-Ã, adn¨vHcp kw`-htam IYtbm KpW-]m-Ttam am{X-am-Wv. F¶mÂ AÀtWmkv ]mXncn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶XvBk¶ac-W-\mb Hcp a\p-jysâ A\p- -h-§-fm-Wv.

Xsâ Pohn-X- n\p Xnc-Èoe hogv¯m-s\m-cp-§n-s¡m-v, Xm³ ]qÀ®-ambpw CÃm-Xm-bn- o-cp¶ òXn-P-\-I-amb \nan-j- nsâ Imsem¨ tIÄ¸n- p-sIm-v, acWw Hcp a\p-jysâ InS-bv¡bv-¡-cn-InÂ ]Xp-§n-\nÂ¡p-I-bm-Wv, ac-W-]Àh- nÂ.

A -K-lr-ZzmÀ¯ tIÄ¡, kvacn-¡tlmA´ \cm-a-b-[o-Nm-chpw

F¶v Hä Cuc-Sn-bnÂ hnjbw Ah-X-cn- n- p-sImv Ihn t\tc arXyp-Nn- -bn-te¡p IS-¡p¶p.Atlm, `mKy-\m-ihpw `bhpw hcp- p¶ ssZhta! hm¡p-I-fn-e-S-§m¯ Zp:J¯nsâ ka-bta!Cu temI- nÂ ssZh-ta, Ønc- m-Ky-an-Ã-tÃm, amäw hcm¯ hkvXp-hp-an-Ã-tÃm. FÃm kt´m-j-§fpw C{X-thKw Ah-km-\n- n-¡m³ Imc-W-sa v? Aev]Imew am{Xw `qan-bnÂ hmgm³,hkv{Xw[cn-¡p-t¼mse Rm³ ico-c-sa-Sp- p. Aev]-Imew am{Xw temI-kp-J-§-f\p`hn-¡m-\mbn Rm³Pohn- p. B Ipd¨p ka-bw-sImp [\-k-¼- p-¡Ä k¼m-Zn- m³ Rm³ t¢in- p. ac-W-th-f-bnÂAh-sbÃmw Rm\p-t]-£n-¡-Ww, B \nanjw ASp- p-I-gn-ªsÃm! C§s\ s\©p-X-IÀ¶p-\n-e-hn-fn-¡p¶ ] -a-\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv Ihn ac-W-]Àh- nÂ Ah-X-cn- n-¡p-¶-Xv.

Ah-km-\- m-K¯v, Xsâ ac-W-thfbnÂ klm-b-I-am-tW-sb¶p tZh-am-Xm-hn-t\m-S-t]-£n-¡p¶ L«w-hsc Cu Imhyw Hcp ss{IkvX-h-c-N-\-bm-sW-¶p-sX-fn-bn-¡p¶ kqN-\-I-sfm-¶p-an-Ã.Ign-ªp-t]mb Ime-§-fn-te¡p Xncn-ªp-t\m¡n Xm³ sNbvXp-t]mb sXäp-I-tfmÀ¯v AbmÄtX§n-¡-c-bp-¶p, ]Ým¯-]n-¡p-¶p. A§-s\-sb-cns¡ ]nim-Np-I-S-¶p-h-cp-¶p. Abmsf \c-I- n-te¡v Iq«n-s¡m-p-t]m-Im-\mWp h¶-sX-¶-dnªv AbmÄ \Sp-§p-¶p. Cu A\p- hw aämÀ¡p-ap-m-Im-Xn-cn-¡m³ {i²n-¡-W-sa¶v _Ôp-an-{Xm-Zn-IÄ¡v Atým-]-tZiw \ÂIp-¶p. XpSÀ¶p tZh-am-Xm-hns\ hnfn¨p lrZbw XIÀ¶p {]mÀ°n-¡p-¶p. ac-W- n\p X¿m-sd-Sp-¡p¶ AbmÄ hopwHmÀ½n- n-¡p-¶p.acWw \n§Ä¡p-sam-cp-Imew hcpw]cm-]-tc-izc Iev]-\-bmÂIme-sam-cp- À¡pw \nÝ-b-an-ÃsÃmFÃm-¡m-e-§-fnÂ t]Sn-¡WwFhn-sS-sb-¶Xpw \nÝ-b-an-ÃsÃmkÀh-Ø-e-§-fnÂ i¦-thWwGXp-{]-Im-c- nÂ arXyp-h-cp-¶tXmAXp-a-dnªp IqSm-XsÃm

Xmc-X-tay\ efn-X-amb `mjbpw kpXm-cy-amb Bi-b-X-ehpw ac-W-]Àh- nsâ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. ]mZ-]q-c-W- n-\p- \n-cÀ°-I-]-Z-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶nÃ F¶ hkvXpX Bscbpw BÝ-cy-s -Sp- pI Xs¶-sN-¿pw. \½psS alm-I-hn-IÄ¡p-t]mepw Cu A]-cm-[- nÂ \n¶p ]qÀW-ap-à-cÃ Ft¶mÀ¡p-I. {]]-©-h-kvXp-¡-tfmSpw _Ôp-an-{Xm-Zn-I-b-tfmSpw F®n-sb®n bm{X-]-d-bp¶kµÀ`hpw euInI taml-§-fnÂ Ba-á-cmbn ]m]-§Ä sN¿-cp-sX-t¶mÀ½n- n-¡p¶ Nmh-cpÄ`mKhpw AXy´w lrZyhpw hnIm-c- -cn-X-hp-am-Wv.

euIn-I-am-b-sXÃmw \in-¡p-sa¶ ap¶-dn-bn-t¸m-sS-bm-Wp- hn-[n-]Àhw Bcw- n-¡p-¶-Xv. temIm-h-km-\-th-f-bnÂ {]Ir-Xn-bn-se-s´Ãmw kw`-hn-¡p-sa¶ t]Sn-s -Sp- p¶ BJym-\hpw XpSÀ¶p\c-hwiw apgp-h³ A`nap-Jo-I-cn-t¡ Ań-a-hn-[n-sb- -än-bpÅ ZoÀL-hn-h-c-Whpw Cu ImhywDÅ-S-¡p-¶p. tIcf ss{IkvXh-k-aq-l- n-\p-tem-Im-h-km-\-s¯- -änbpw Aý-hn-[n-sb- -än-bp-apÅk¦-ev]--§Ä sa\-sª-Sp-¡m³ klm-bn- Xpw AX-\p-k-cn¨v Hcp ss{IkvXh ]pcm-hr¯w Nn«-s -Sp- m³ Icp-¡Ä \evIn-bXpw atä-sXmcp XmXzn-I-{K-Ù-s¯-¡mfpw hn[n-]Àhw Bbn-cn-¡p-sa-¶p -I-cp-Xp-¶-XnÂ sXän-Ã. A{Xbv¡p lrZ-b-kv]Ài-Ihpw hniz-kn-t -a-Xn-bmhq F¶p imTyw ]nSn-¡p-



¶-Xp-amWv Cu cN-\-bpsS BJym-\-X-ew.\mep-]Àh-§-fnÂ Gähpw ZoÀLw \c-I-]Àh-am-Wv. tII-hr- - nÂ 1261 hcn-IÄ. cN-\bpw

anI-hp-ä-Xp-Xs¶. efn-X-sa-¦nepw {]uV-amb BJym-\w. X\n¡v H«pw ]cn-N-b-an-Ãm¯ \c-Is¯`mh-\-sNbvXp hÀ®n-¡p-¶Xv Ahnizmky-am-bn- oÀt¶-¡m-sa¶p [À½ k¦-S-s -Sp¶ Ihn, bqZm-kn-t\-¡mÄ AXn\p tbmKy-\m-sbm-cm-fn-sÃ¶p \nÝ-bn- v,

F¦ntem alm-]m-]o, \c-I-hmko, bqZmZpjvIr-X-Ø-eZp:Jw kwt£-]n- -dn-bn¡F¶m-h-iy-s -Sp-¶p. DS³Xs¶ `oI-c-cq-]n-bmb bqZmkv {]Xy-£-s -Sp-Ibpw \c-I- nÂ

Xm³ A\p- -hn- p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ BÀ¡pw kln-¡m-\m-hm¯ Zpcn-X-§Ä hnh-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. bqZm-knsâ apSn-bnÂ kÀ -§Ä, I®p-I-fnÂ tXfp-IÄ, I®oÀ \nc- -c-sam-gp-Ip-¶p. Xnf- -shÅw t]mse ]pI-bp-¶p. IhnÄ¯-S-§-fnÂ Iran-IÄ \pc-bv¡p-¶p. aq¡n³ \c-I-P- p-¡Ä. A[-tcm-jvT-§Ä Nps«-Sp¯ amwk-¡-j-W-§Ät]mse. hmbnÂ\n¶p ]pI-h-an-¡p-¶p. ssIImÂI-fnÂNp«p-]-gp¯ XpS-ep-IÄ. hkv{X-§Ä Aán-Pzm-e-IÄ. \c-I-hmÀ¯ Adn-bn-¡m³ CXn-t\-¡mÄ tbmKy-\m-cp-an-sÃ-¶p-hy-àw.

\c-I- nse t]Sn-s -Sp- p¶ A\p- h km£y-§Ä¡p-tijw bqZm-kp- a-d-bp-t¼mÄ KpWm-\p-K³ F¶ Xm]kt{ijvT\pw XXz-t_m-[³ F¶ thZ-Kp-cphpw {]Xy-£-s -Sp-¶p. XpSÀ¶v AhÀX½n-epÅ tNmtZym- -c-§-fn-eqsS ssZh- nsâ A\- -Im-cp-Wyhpw ]Ým¯-]n-¡p¶ ]m]n-IÄ¡pe`n-¡m-hp¶ tamN-\hpw AÃm- -hÀ¡p-m-Im-hp¶ ITn-\-in-£bpw A\m-h-cWw sN¿-s -Sp-¶p.B]- nÂs¸« Hcp kv{Xosb c£n¨p cmÚn-bm-¡nb Hcp cmPm-hnsâ IYbpw DZm-l-c-W-ambnXXzt_m-[³ ]d-bp-¶p-v. AhÄ A[n-Im-c-{]-a- -bmbn sXäp-sN-¿p-Ibpw ]Ým- m] hnh-i-bm-b-t¸mÄ cmPm-hp-£-an-¡p-Ibpw AhÄ ]m]- nÂ hogp-Ibpw hopw cmPmhp ImcpWyw Im«p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ A\ym-]-tZ-i-I-Y. Xn·-sN-¿m-Xn-cn- m\pw \·-bnÂ a\-Êp-d- n-¡m\pw X¿m-dm-I-W-sa¶pw \c-I-aÃ kzÀK-amWp a\p-jysâ e£y-Øm-\-sa-¶p-d- p-Po-hn-¡-W-sa¶pw ZoÀL-ambn DZvt_m-[n- n- p-sIm--h-km-\n-¡p¶ \c-I-]Àh- nsâ hmb\ Bcnepw \Sp¡w krjvSn¡p¶ Hcp A\p- -h-amWv.

NXp-c- y- nÂ \mem-a-t -Xmb tam£-]Àhw CX-c-]Àh-§-sf-b-t]-£n- p-{]-km-Zm-ß-I-ambA -co£w DÄs¡m-Åp-¶p. t]Sn-s -Sp- p-Itbm Bi-¦ -sImÅn-¡p-Itbm sN¿p¶ hnh-c-W-§-fn-Ã. kzÀK-ku- m-Ky- nsâ kpJ-io-X-f-km-l-N-cyw. D¯-a-ss{I-kvX-h-Po-hn-X- nsâ Pohn-X- n-\p-{]-Xn- -e-ambn e`n-¡p¶ tam£- m-Ky- nsâ tamln- n-¡p¶ A -co-£w. Fhn-sSbpw im´n-Ko-X-§-fpsS Ze-aÀ½-cw. Bscbpw sImXn- n-¡p¶ Iev]-I- q-a-cw, `qan-bnÂ A\p- -hn¨ Zp:J§-fpsSIbv]v Aar-Xmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p¶ AZv`p-Xw. ac-W, hn[n, \c-I-§-fn-eqsS HmSn-¡n-X-s - n-b-h\p e`n-¡p¶ ssZhnI km´z-\w. Xnc-b-S-§nb IS-ensâ {]im- -X. Agn-ap-Js¯¯nb \Zo-{]-hm-l- nsâkzÑ-km- -eyw. C\n hn{i-a- nsâ Ahn-Lv\-e-bw. AXm-Wp- tam£]Àhw.

\c-I-]ÀÆw

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\ntÈ-j-Kp-Wmw-_p[n! \nXy-kz- mth \a:Ai-co-c-aw-Ke kÀh-Nm-cp-cq-]I!

kÀh-Ú, kÀh-hym-]n, kÀh-Im-c-W-tZh\ncm-Zym-\-µm-Zzb altX \tam \a:

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AZr-jvS-IY sNmÂhm³ hnj-a-ap-p-Xm\pwlrZn-hn-izmkw hcp- o-Sp-hm-\-Xn³ ]Wn

\ncÀ°-I-Y1-bn-sX-¶p-d-b-¡p-ap-ÅnÂ NneÀBcXp In-«p-Åpsh¶-t\z-jn¡pw NneÀ

AXp km£n-¡p-¶-Xm-sc-¶p-tNm-Zn¡pw NneÀhmkvX-h-sa¶pw ]eÀ _p²n-bnÂ kwi-bn¡pw 10

F¦ntem alm-]m]n \c-I-hmkn bpZm!ZpjvIr-X-Ø-eZp:Jw kwt£-]n- -dn-bn¡

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A£n-tKm-Nm-c-cq]w ZÀjn- m³3 `b-tadpwkq£n- m³ ss[cyw t]mcm Poh³ hm§p¶-Xt¿m!

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F¦nÂ \c-I-IY bqZm-sk-¶-hÀ sNmÃpwhm¡p-IÄ tIÄ¸m³ kq£van-¡-k-Ö-\ta!

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k·mÀt¤ kc-W- n-s¶-Ãmcpw XpS-§n-bmÂBtam-Z-a-hÀIÄ¡p \nXy- m-Kyhpw hcpw

AsÃ-¦nÂ bqZm-tkmSpw ]nim-Np-K-W-t¯mSpwPze-\-ZmlwsImp X]vX-·m-tcmSpw IqsS

ic-Ww-hn\m \nXy-Xm-]- n-e-I-s¸«p]cn-th-Z-\-]qp \nbXw tJZn- oSpwtJZ-§-sfm-gn- m-\m-b-tJZw \ncq-]n¨pkZm-Nm-c-t¯m-Sn-t¸mÄ \S-¶p-sIm-Åp-Intem

Zp:J§Ä `hn-¡msX t{ibkp temI- n-¦ÂkpJn¡pw \nXy-a-hÀs¡m-gnbpw ZpÀK-Xym[n 632

CXn ZpÀK-Xym[n Km\m´: X¼p-cm³ XpWbv¡

hni-Zo-I-cWw1-þ5 :hnjvS-]-{X-b-\mY þ aq¶p-tem-I-§Ä¡pw \mY-\m-bp-tÅm-th. krjvS-]m-e-\m-i\ þ krjvSn-Øn-Xn-kw-lm-c-§Ä¡v A[n-Im-cn-bm-bp-Å-h-t\. ZpjvIr-X-im-kvXm-þ-Zp-jvS-·msc in£n-¡p-¶-h-t\. hr¯n-tZm-j-tk-h-I-tZzjn þ ZpjvIÀ½-§Ä sN¿p-¶-hsc shdp-¡p-¶-h-t\. \nXy-kz- mth þ \nXy\pwkzbw qhp-am-b-h-t\. Ai-co-cn-aw-Ke þ ico-c-c-ln-X\pw awK-e-Im-c-W-\p-am-b-h-t\. kÀh-Nm-cp-cq-]Iþ ka-kvX-ku-µ-cy-§-fp-ap-Å-h-t\. apZ´w þ kt´m-j-an-Ãm- , cpZn-X-\nÀhy-Y\w þ Ic- n-ensâKpl. ChnsS ssZh- n\p \evIn-bn-cn-¡p¶ hnti-j-W-§Ä AssZz-X-th-Zm- - nÂ {_Ò- n-\p-\ÂIp¶ hnti-j-W-§sf A\p-kva-cn- n-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wv. cmam-bWw Infn- m-«nÂ Fgp- -Ñ³ {iocm-asâ ]cym-b-i-_vZ-§ÄsImp ame-tImÀ¡p¶ Xc- n-epÅ Hcp \ma-P-]- nsâ {]Xo-Xnbpw CuhÀW\ \ÂIp-¶p. 6þ10 BÌp-þ-]m-]w. Xm³ In-«n-Ãm¯ Imcyw ]d-bm³ _p²n-ap-«p-v. aäp-Å-h-cnÂ hnizmkw P\n- n-¡m\pw hnj-a-ap-v.

11þ15: hÀW-\-bpsS hnizm-ky-X-bv¡p-thn \c-Ihmkn-bmb bqZmsb Ihn cwK- p-sIm-p-h-cp-¶p. ZpjvSÀ¡p-a-t{K-k-\³ þ ZpjvS-·m-cnÂ H¶m-a³. \nsâ ZpjvIÀ½-§-fpsS `b-¦cX \ndª \oBß-l-Xy-sN-bvXp. AXnsâ ^e-amb \c-IZp:J§Ä, \o Hcp c£m-amÀK-hp-an-ÃmsX A\p- -hn-¡p-¶p. \o kln-¡p-¶-sXÃmw Npcp-¡n- -d-bm³ ZoX\ \ndª Cu temI-t¯bv¡p hcn-I. kzl- m-þ-



B-ß-l-Xy-sN-bvX-h³.16þ20 {IpjvtS\ ]d-ªmepw þ Ic-ªp-sImp ]d-ªm-epw. Xm\-\p- -hn-¡p¶ thZ-\-IÄ Imhym-ß-I-ambn hÀWn-¡m³ bqZm-kn-\p-I-gn-bn-Ã. I®o-tcmsS hnfn¨p ]d-bmt\ km[n-¡q F¶m-i-bw. Poh³hm§p-¶n-Xt¿m þ \Sp-¡w-sImv acn-¡p-I-bmtWm F¶p-tXm-¶pw. XpSÀ¶v \c-I- nÂ \ns¶-¯nb bqZ-bpsS cq]w hni-Z-ambn hÀWn-¡p-¶p. hrÝnIw þ tXfv. \b-\mw_p þ I®p-\oÀ.

21þ25 D¯-cm-[-tcm-jvT-§Ä þ taÂ¨ppw Iogv¨ppw. XpSÀ þ XpSÂ. At[mw-ipIw þ ASn-h-kv{Xw. {]ikvXw þ \Ã-Xv, t{ijvT-am-b-Xv.

27þ30 cnjvSw þ \nÀ`m-Kyw. lmh-Z³ þ lm! F¶p-\n-e-hn-fn-¡p¶ apJ-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h³. ZoÀL-\n-izm-tk\ sNm¶m³ þ s\Sp-hoÀt¸msS ]d-ªp. ZpcnXw ]nSn¨ Bßm-hmb Fsâ `mj-W-t¯-¡mÄt{ibÊv \ni_vZX-bm-Wv.

31þ35 Rm³ kln-¡p¶ IjvS- m-Sp-I-sfÃmw hnh-cn- mepw Fsâ Zp:Jw sXÃpw Xap-¡p-I-bn-Ã. A£bmþ Ipd-bp-I-bn-Ã. BZnbpw A -hp-an-Ãm- , kÀh- n\pw BZn-Im-c-W-\mb tZh³ Aán, qan, BIm-i-§Ä, shÅw, temI-§Ä F¶nh Xsâ hm¡p-sImv krjvSn-¡p-Ibpw \ne-\nÀ¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp.ssZh- nsâ al-Xz-amWv Cu krjvSn-I-fn-eqsS {]Im-in- -Xv.

36þ40 FÃm krjvSn-I-fnepw h¨v {][m-\n-I-fmbn cq]-]-ln-X-cmb amem-J-amsc krjvSn- p. AhÀ kpa-\-Êp-I-sf¶pw aäp t]cp-I-fnepw Adn-b-s -Sp-¶p. AhÀ¡v D¶-X-amb Ht«sd KpW-§Ä \evIn. Du`qanbnÂ a\p-jy-\m-bn- n-d-¡p¶ ssZhs¯ Bcm-[n¨v ssZh- nsâ Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cn¨v hnt[-b-s -«p Ign-b-W-sa¶pw hn[n- p. A§s\ sNbvXmÂ tam£-ap-m-Ip-sa¶pw AsÃ-¦nÂ sImSp-Xmbk¦-S-ap-m-Ip-sa¶pw [cn- n- p.

am\p-j-\mIpw tZhs\ F¶ {]tbm-K-¯nÂ AÀ°-¢n-jvS-X-bp-v. ssZhw Xsâ kzcq-]-¯nÂkrjvSn¨ a\p-jy³ F¶pw qan-bnÂ a\p-jy-\m-bn- oÀ¶ tZh³(-tb-ip) F¶pw AÀ°-sa-Sp-¡mw.ChnsS cm-a-t¯-Xn\mWv {]k-àn.

41-þ46 ssZh- nsâ Acp-f- mSv IrXn-ambn BN-cn- -am-em-J-amÀ tam£-hm-kn-I-fmbn Ft¸mgpw B\-µn-¡p-¶p. Hcn-¡epw \mi-an-Ãm¯ hninjvS KpW-§-fnÂ Al-¦-cn- -h-cm-Is« ssZh-I-ev]\ A\p-k-cn-¡m³ hnk-½-Xn- p. A§s\ AhÀ A`n-i-]vX-cm-bn- oÀ¶p. \nÀ½-e-cmb Cu Acq-]n-IÄ ZpjvS-cm-bn- oÀ¶-t¸mÄ ]nimNv F¶ t]cv e`n-¡m-\n-S-bm-bn. \oXn-bp-à-\mb ssZhw AhÀ¡p-thn`qan-bpsS \Sp-hnÂ Hcp in£m-Ø-e-ap-m-¡n.

47þ50 awK-e-sam-¶p-an-Ãþ \·-I-sfm-¶p-anÃ . IjvS-X-am-{Xta Ahn-sS-bp-Åq. bmsXmcp kpJ-hp-an-Ã.BÀs¯-cn-bp¶ Aán Hcn-¡-ep-a-S-§p-¶n-Ã. Zp:Jko-a-þZp:J¯nsâ AXn-cv.

51þ55 \nÀhy-Y\w þ Klzcw (Zzm-cw), LrW-c-lnXw þ Zb-bn-Ãm¯ kw_m[w þ sRcp-¡-apÅ, ]m]-¯nsâ in£-bv¡pÅ CSp-§nb Zzmcw. AXn-eqsS F¯n-t -cp-¶Xv {Iqc-X-\n-d-ªXpw Zb-c-ln-X-hp-amb cmPyw. ]m]n-I-fmb amem-J-amsc ssZhw in£-bv¡mbn Ahn-sS-bm-¡n. Ah-cpsS hymtPm-]-tZiw tI«v ]m]n-I-fm-bn- oÀ¶-hcpw Ahn-tSbv¡p \bn-¡-s -Spw. Aev]-_p-²n-IÄ¡v CXp a\-Ên-em-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«p-s-¦nÂ AhÀ¡p-thn hni-Z-ambn hnh-cn-¡mw.

56þ60 XpS-¡tam Ah-km-\tam CÃm-¯-Xm-Wo-Im-cy-§Ä. BZyw apXte ]d-bm³ XpS-§n-bmÂAhn-iz-k-\o-b-ambn tXm¶pw. Hmtcm cwK-s¯bpw IjvS-]m-Sn-¶-h-km-\-an-Ã. A -aä Cu Zp:Js¯-¡p-dn v ]d-bmt\m tIÄ¡mt\m Bcp-an-Ã. BZyw ]d-tb--sX- m-sW-¶-dn-ªp-Iq-Sm. F¦nepw ImgvN-sb-¡p-dn- m-WmZyw ]d-tb--sX¶p tXm¶p-¶p. {]]-©-h-kvXp-¡-sfÃmw ImWm³ temI- nÂ kqcy-



\p-Å-Xp-t]m-se.

61-þ65 a\p-jy-i-co-c- n\p kqcy-\m-bn-cn¡p-¶Xp I®m-Wv. kqcy-\n-Ãm-Xm-Ip-t¼mÄ {]]©w Xs¶Idp- p-t]m-Ipw. I®n-ÃmsX h¶mÂ a\Êp Zp:Jn¡pw. kqcy-\n-Ãm-bvabpw t\{X-an-Ãm-bvabpw AÔ-Imcw krjvSn-¡p-¶p. {]Im-i-c-ivan-Iq-SmsX AÔ-Imcw \o§p-I-bn-Ã. {]Im-i-ap-m-bmepw I®n-sÃ-¦nÂ H¶pw ImWm-\m-hn-Ã. AÔ-Im-cta ap¶n-ep-m-hq. Hcp tim`sb asämcp tim`-sIm-mWvAdn-tb--Xv. I®nsâ t\m«hpw kqcysâ {]Im-ihpw H¶p-tN-c-Ww. A§s\ I®pw kqcy\pwGtIm-]n-X-am-Ip-t¼mtg ZÀi-\-ap-m-Iq.

66þ70 qan-bnÂ kqcysâ c-b-\-§-fp-v. ]t£ \c-I- nÂ {]Im-i- nsâ cq]w-t]m-ep-an-Ã. At[m-temIw Hcn-¡-ep-sam-Sp-§m¯ cm{Xn-bnÂ Ign-bp-¶p. AXv aq¶p bma-§-fp-Å-X-Ã. \nem-hp-Å-X-Ã.Hcn-¡-ep-sam-Sp-§m¯ AÔ-Imcw \ndª òI-c-amb Hscm-ä-bm-atabpÅq. Poh\pw kqcy-\pa-kvX-an-¡p¶ kÔy, \nXy-amb cm{Xn-bn-te-¡p-Å-Xm-Wv. -B cm{Xn-¡p-ap-¼pÅ Dj-ÊnÂ A\- -X-bn-Ãm-Xm-hp-Ibpw \nXyX Ah-km-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww. tPymÕ-\-þ-\n-emhv. {Xnbmam þ aq¶p-bm-a-§-fp-ÅXv þ cm{Xn.

71þ75 A{Xbpw Imew AÔ-Im-chpw Iqcn-cp«pw `b-¦-c-amb XaÊpw \c-I- nÂ hym]n-¡-Ww. I®p-Im-Wm-sX-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ F{X-\-¶m-bn-cp¶p F¶p-tXm-¶pw. ]t£ ZpjvS-cq-]-§Ä Ip-sIm-t-bn-cn-¡pw. òI-c-amb sshcq-]y-§Ä ImWp-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ ImgvN-bn-Ãm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv \Ã-Xv. At¸mÄImgvN-bn-Ãm-bva-bmWv A\p-{K-l-sa-¶p-tXm-¶pw. \c-I- nsâ \Sp-hnÂ awKfI-c-amb bmsXm-¶p-ap-m-hnÃ. ssZh- nsâ BÚ-{]-Imcw FÃmw ]oUn- n-¡m-\p-f-f-Xm-Wv. a\-Ên-sÃ-¦nÂ t]mepw Cusshcq-]y-§-sfÃmw I®n\v Zriy-am-Ipw. Btem-Nn- p-t\m-¡n-bmÂ kÀh- n\pw ImcWw ]m]-am-Wv.F{X ZuÀ`m-Ky-I-cw.

76þ80 \c-I-hm-kn-I-fpsS sshcq-]y-hp-ambn kmZr-iy-s -Sp- n-bmÂ B\, knwlw, ISp-h, ]cp-¼m-¼vCh-bpsS cq]- nÂ oXn-P-\-I-ambn H¶p-an-sÃ¶v hyà-am-Ipw. \c-Im-Ô-Im-c- nÂ ImWp-¶-sXÃmw\nIr-jvS-a-t{X. ]m]- nsâ in£-bmbn, ssZh- nsâ hn[n-b-\p-k-cn¨v Gsd- m]w sNbvX-hÀ¡vhÀ²n¨ `b-ap-m-Ip-¶p. Hcp ImW-W-sa-¶p-h-¶mÂt]mepw ]pWy-hm-\p-t]mepw AXy´w òXn-bp-m-Ipw. qan-bpsS Aýw hscbpw Zp:Jw kln-¡p-I-b-ÃmsX amÀ¤-anÃ F¶-Xp-sImv Cu kXyw]d-ªp-sh-t¶-bp-Åq.

81þ85 KÔ- o-bpsS ]pI-sImv Nnń-ho-gp¶ I®p-\oÀ thZ-\-bpsS ImTn\yw km£y-s -Sp- p-¶p. NqSpÅ I®o-cp-sImv k¦Sw apgp-h³ shfn-s -Sp- m³ Ign-bptam? hnh-cn- -Xp-sIm-p-am{Xw A\- -amb Zp:Jw ian-¡ptam? ]cn-tZ-h-\-§Ä þ hnem-]-§Ä. Bt{Im-i-§Ä þ AeÀ -IÄ.\c-I- nÂ tIÄ¡p¶ KoXw Cu AeÀ -I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-tZ-h-\-§-fp-tS-Xp-am-Wv. ico-c- nsâ þD¯-a-amb Ah-bhhpw A[-a-amb Ah-b-hhpw \mhm-Wv.

86--þ90 \mhp-sImp ]e-Kp-W-§-fp-ap-s-¦nepw AXv alm-tZm-jhpw hcp- n-h-bv¡pw. kz´w hm¡p-IÄsImv ]cn-tÑ-Zn-¡m³ Ign-bm- , B]- p-h-cp- n-h-bv¡m³ aqÀ -bpÅ \mhv hmfp-t]msesh«p-Ibpw kqNn-bpsS ap\-sIm-s-¶-t]mse Ip¯p-Ibpw tIm]n-jvS-\mb ]«n-sb-t¸mse ISn- p-ap-dn-¡p-Ibpw t{Im[w sImp Poh\pw am\hpw \in- n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. \Ã-hÀ¡n-sXms¡ Adn-bm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.CsXÃmw \c-Is¯ kw_-Ôn¨v Gsd kXy-am-Wv.

91þ95 AXn-tIm-]hpw A{X-Xs¶ A]-I-SIcam-Wv. AXy-[n-I-amb \nµ-hm-¡p-IÄ tI«-hÀ¡p ]I-XoÀ¡p-hm³ D]m-b-an-Ãm-Xm-bmÂ ITn-\-amb k¦-S-ap-m-Ip-¶p. tIm]w XoÀ¡m³thn ]e-hn-[-{i-a-§Ä \S- p-¶p. No¯-hm-¡p-Ifpw \nµbpw hntcm[w \nd-ª-hm-¡p-Ifpw \nhr- n-bn-sÃ-¶p-h-



¶mepw kln-¡m³ Ign-bptam? `ÀÕ-\-§fpw im]-§fpw aäp ]cp-j-amb hm¡p-Ifpw tI«v \c-I-hm-kn-bpsS a\-ÊnÂ ]Icw ho«m-\pÅ A´À±mlw Akm-a-\y-amb tIm]-t¯msS cq]w-sIm-Åp-¶p. F¶m-e-Xn-\-h-\p-km-[n-¡p-¶n-Ã. A§s\ AhÀ A{X-b-[n-I-amb t{Im[-ap-Å-h-cm-Ip-¶p. CutIm]w AXn- -b-¦-c-ambn hÀ²n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Ak-ly-amb A\p- -h-§fpw Ah-tbmSp {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-hm³ Ign-bm- -Xp-sIm-pÅ hoÀ¸p-ap-«-ep-amWv ChnsS Ihn hnh-£n-¡p-¶-Xv.

96þ100 A½-amcpw ]nXm-¡-·mIpw ]p{Xn-amcpw X½nÂ {]tbm-Kn-¡p¶ hntZz-j- nsâ hm¡p-IÄkln-¡m³ Ign-bptam? ZpjvS-\mb aIt\ \ns¶ Rm³ krjvSn- p. \o ImcWw F\n¡v AXy´wZp:Jap-m-bn. \osbsâ aI-\-Ã. ZpjvS-kÀ -am-Wv. \nsâ hnjw Xon Rm³ hÃmsX he-bp-¶p.tZmj- nÂ hogm\pw \c-I- nÂ Zln-¡m\pw Zpcm-ßm-hmb \obmWp Imc-Ww.

101þ105 \nsâ Bh-iy- n-\p-thn Rm³ A\ysâ kz v A]-l-cn- p. AXnsâ ê-amWv Rm\n¶vA\p- -hn-¡p-¶-Xpw. \o ZpÀ½mÀK- nÂ \S-¶-t¸mÄ Rm³ \ns¶ in£n- n-Ã. AXnsâ e-ambn Ct¸mÄRm³ apgp-h³ t\chpw Zp:Jn¡p-¶p. \obpw AsXms¡ kln-¡p-Ibpw apSn-ªp-t]m-hp-Ibpw sN¿-s«. ]nXm-hnsâ C§-s\-bpÅ hm¡p-IÄ aI³ tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ H«p kvt\l-an-Ãm¯ AXn\p X¡ adp-]Sn aI\pw ]d-bpw. Fsâ P·-\-£{Xw Xs¶ ZpÀ\n-an- -§-fp-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. `b-¦-c-amb [qa-tI-Xp-hm-bn-cp¶p AXv. Bß-P³ þ aI³. [qa-tIXp þ \miw kqNn- n-¡p¶ hmÂ\-£-{Xw.

106þ110 Rm³ ]nd¶ Øew hmkvX-h- nÂ Pbn-em-bn-cp-¶p. \ns¶ Rm³ BZy-ambn AÑ-s\-¶p-hn-fn¨ ]IÂ Ccp-«pÅ cm{Xn-bm-bn- o-c-s«. \nsâ apJw ImWm-\mbn F\n-¡p-sh-fn¨w Xs¶ kqcy\pw\in¨p `kva-am-I-s«. emf-\-tbmsS \o ]dª hm¡p-I-sfÃmw ]nim-Nnsâ hymtPm-àn-IÄ t]mse-sbs¶ NXn-¡p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \o aI-s\¶p hnfn¨v F\n¡p \ÂInb \·-I-sfÃmw Fs¶ NXn-¡p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \oXn-am-\mb ssZhw \ap-¡p-\ÂInb \oXn-\ym-b- nsâ {]am-W-§Ä \osbs¶]Tn- n- n-Ã.111þ116 Fs¶ ]Tn- n- n«pw Rm³ ]Tn-¡m³ Iq«m-¡n-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ F\n¡p ]nXm-hmb Zbm-]-c-\mbssZhw \evInb \o Ft¶m-SpÅ kvt\lw shSnªv Fsâ kÀhmw-Khpw apdn¨v {]mW³ Ifªvkap-{Z- nÂ Xmgv¯n-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ Cu temI-s¯-\n¡p ]cm-Pbw kw`-hn-- mepw ]c-tem-I¯v awK-f-I-c-amb A\p- hw e`n-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p. Cu \Ã-_p²n \n\-¡p-m-bn-Ã-tÃm. Rm³ sXäp-sN-bvX-t¸mÄ¯s¶ \osbs¶ in£n- nÃ. sXäv \osbs¶ t_m[y-s -Sp- n-bn-Ã. AXp-sImv Rms\mcn-¡epw icn Adn-ªp-an-Ã. Fsâ tZmjw hÀ²n-¡p-Ibpw `b-¦-c-amb B[n Dm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.AXnsâ êw ]m]n-bmb \o A\p- -hn-¡p-I. Cu ITn-\-amb NqSnÂ Zln-¡p-I.

117þ120 ]nXmhpw ]p{X-\p-an-§-s\-sbm-s¡-bmWv ]d-bp-¶-sX-¦nÂ i{Xp-¡Ä X½nÂ IavSp-ap-«n-bm-es¯ AhØ A´m-bncn¡pw? C¯cw hntZz-j-hm-¡p-IÄ tIÄ¡p-t¼m-fp-m-Ip¶ am\-kn-I-amb hyY shfn-s -Sp- m³ km[m-cW kw`m-j-W- n\p Ign-bn-Ã. AXn- -b-¦-c-amb s]cp-¼d apg-¡-§fpw \cIw Ipep-§p¶ AeÀ -Ifpw tI«n«v sNhn-bpsS thZ\ AXn- -b-¦-c-ambn hÀ²n-¡p-¶p.IS-enÂ I¸Â XIÀ¶v \in- n«v \mhn-I-·mÀ Poh-c-£-bv¡mbn \o´p-t¼mÄ

122þ125 tIm]n¨ Xnc-ame h¶-Sn-¡p-t¼mÄ DSs\ \mi-ap-m-¡p-sa¶v b-s -«-Xp-t]m-se. \c-I- nÂhoW-hÀ Hmtcm CSn-ap-g¡w tIÄ¡p-t¼mgpw hÃm¯ hnh-i-X-tbmsS {àn-¡p-¶p. ChÀ CSnsb b-s -Sp-Ibpw Zp:Jt¯msS A\n-hm-cy-amb acWw kw`-hn-¡m-\m-{K-ln-¡p-Ibpw F¶mÂ acn-¡msXIqSp-XÂ IjvS-s -Sp-Ibpw sN¿pw. inc-Ên-¶m-izmkw \ÂIp¶ {LmtW-{µnbw kuc- y-amWv CÑn-¡p-¶-Xv.

126þ130 shdp-¡p¶ i{Xp-¡-tfm-SpÅ kwkÀKw Aln-X-I-c-am-Wv. F¶mÂ i{Xp-hnsâ kao-]-\-¯nÂ¯s¶ Ign-bm³ hn[n-¡-s -«mtem? aq¡n\p i{Xp ZpÀK-Ô-am-Wv. AXnsâ km¶n[yw A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-an-Ãm-Xm-¡p-Ibpw a\-Ênsâ sXfna \jvS-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Cu ZpÀKÔw \nXyw kln-¡pI hfsc `mc-apÅ A\p- -h-a-s{X. AXnsâ êw AXy´w timI-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. IkvXq-cn-bm-bmÂt¸mepw Htc kpKÔw Xs¶ F¶pw aW- n-t¡-n-h-¶mÂ AsXm-gn-hm-¡m-\mWv tXm¶p-I.



131þ135 AXv Ønc-amb Htc ZpÀK-Ô-am-W-¶p-h-¶mtem? AXnsâ hnjaw AXp-ey-am-bn-cn-¡pw. Zbm-c-ln-X-\mb cmPmhv, ]m]n-Isf in£n-¡m-\mbn Hcp ]mXmfw krjvSn- p. AXnÂ hogp¶ ]m]n¡vHcp ic-W-hp-ap-m-I-bn-Ã. Bbp-Ênsâ Aý-t¯mfw Zmlhpw hni¸pw ]e-Xcw IjvS-X-Ifpwkln-t¡-n-h-cpw F¶v {]kn-²w. Poh³ t]mIp-¶-tXmsS AhnsS hkn-¡p-¶-hsâ Zp:Jhp-an-Ãm-Xm-Ip-¶p. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h³ kl-\hpw ]ns¶ ac-Whpw `mKy-am-Ip-¶p. Zpjv¡À½n-IÄ¡m-bpÅ Cu `bm-\-I-amb ]mXm-f- nse `b-¦-c-amb IjvS-X-I-fnÂ Gähpw ITn-\-amb H¶p-v.

136þ140 ]£- mKw þ hi-§Ä. ZznjvS-KÔw þ Ak-l-\o-b-amb ZpÀK-Ôw.A§s\ N¯-h-cpsS Noª ico-c- nsâ ZpÀKÔw aqew Pohn- n-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ acn-¡p-¶p. Poh-\p-Å-hsc acn- -hÀ sImÃp-sa¶ sNmÃp-m-b-X-§-s\-bm-Wv. alm-Zp-jvS\pw a\p-jys\ \nµn-¡p-¶-h-\p-amb asämcp cmPm-hv.

141þ145 sIme-]m-X-Inbpw ]m]n-I-fnÂ {][m-\n-bp-amb Ah³ i{Xp-¡-tfm-SpÅ sshcmKywXoÀ¡m³thn, ]gp¯p Noªv ]IpXn PoÀ®n¨ ih-t¯m-Sp, Poh-\p-Å-hsc _Ôn¨v ZpÊ-l-amb KÔ-a-\p- -hn- n v sIm¶p-I-f-bpw. aq¡n-\-\p- -hn-t¡-n-h-cp¶ Cu ]oV\w AXn b-¦cw Xs¶.F¶mÂ \c-Im-\p- -h-hp-ambn Xmc-Xays- -Sp- p-t¼mÄ AsX-{Xtbm eLp-hm-Wv. B temI- nseHcp IjvS-X-tbmSpw AXns\ kmZr-iy-s -Sp- m-\m-hn-Ã.\nl- m-]-Xn-IÀ¯mþ sIme-]m-X-In-I-fnÂ {]ap-J³. Akp-k-ln-X-·mÀ þ Poh-\p-Å-hÀ. Ir{Ñw þico-c-]o-V, hn{kw þ ] -amw-k- nsâ KÔw.

146þ150 ] -amw-k- n-sâbpw KÔ-I- n-sâbpw PoÀ®n¨ ê-§-fp-sSbpw aäp Xc- n-epÅ `b-¦-c-amb \mä-§-fp-sSbpw BsI- p-I-bmb \c-I- nse ZpÀK-Ô-t¯mSv kmay-s -Sp- n-bmÂ, qan-bnÂaq¡n-\p-]n-Sn-¡m¯ FÃm KÔ-§fpw ]cn-a-f-amtb tXm¶q. C§s\ \c-I- nse GsX-¦n-ep-sam-cp-]m]n `qan-bnÂ {]Xy-£-c-s -Sp-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ Ahsâ ZpÀK-Ô-am-Ip¶ hnjw sImv a\p-jycpwP´p-Pm-e-§fpw \in- p-t]m-Ipw.]qXn-K-Ônþ KÔ-Iw. ae-]Izw þ Aip-²-amb þ PoÀ®n¨ êw.

151þ155 ]nimNp¡-fpsS Iq«hpw AkwJyw ]m]n-Ifpw krjvSn-¡p¶ Zpjn¨ KÔhpw tNÀ¶AhØ BÀs¡-¦nepw `mh\ sN¿m³ Ign-bptam? Zml-amtWm hni- mtWm GXmWv \mhn\vAk-ly-am-bn- o-cp-¶Xv F¶ XÀ¡w Hcn-¡-ep-a-h-km-\n-¡p-¶n-Ã., ico-c-ap-Å-hÀ¡n-Xp-cpw Hcp-t]mse ZpÊ-lw-X-s¶. hni¸pw Zmlhpw ac-W- nte Ah-km-\n-¡q.CXp hyà-am-¡m³ thn Ihn ChnsS Hcp aÃsâ IY ]d-bp-¶p. ss__n-fnse {]kn² IYm-]m-{X-amb inwtim-s\-bmWv Ihn ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶-Xv. (\ym-bm-[n-]-·mÀ 15:16þ20) aqe-I-Y-bnÂ \nÊm-c-ambamäw hcp- n-bn-«p-v. AXy´w iqc-\mb Hcp cmPmhv Ah³ i{Xp-ssk-\ys¯ tXmev]n-s -¦nepwITn-\-amb Zmlw-sImv AXy´w ZpÀ_-e-\m-bn. £pXv]n-]mk þ hni¸pw Zml-hpw. ck\ þ \mhv.XÀjw þ Zmlw.

156þ160 AØn-bnÂ\n¶p e`n¨ Pew-sImv Zmlw XoÀ¯-t¸mÄ Ah³ A`n-\-µ-\o-b-amw-h®wPoh\pw iàn-bp-ap-Å-h-\m-bn- oÀ¶p. a\p-jy-cnÂh¨v Gähpw _e-hm\pw hoc-\p-amb Ch³ ITn-\-amb Zml- nsâ ap¼nÂ ]cm-P-b-s -«p. AXp-sImv a\p-jysâ i{Xp-¡-fnÂ Gähpw {]_-e³Zml-am-Ip-¶p. Xsâ tIm]w AS-¡m³ Ign-bm- , ]cm-{I-an-bmb cmPmhv i{Xp-hn-t\m-sS-XnÀ¯-t¸mÄ, Zmlw-sImv XfÀ¶p F¶v {]kn-²-am-W-tÃm... Ak-ly-amb Zmlw-sIm-p-h-eª Ah³]cn-lm-c-am-bn-¡-Xv cmPy-ap-t]-£n-¡-em-Wv.kpkvXp-Xyþ kvXpXn-¡-s -tS-. apjvI-c³ þ iàn-am³

161þ165 adn¨v cmPyw \ne-\nÀ¯m-\mWp mh-sa-¦nÂ Zmlw-sImp \in¨p-t]m-Ipw. Poh³ Ifªpwam\w c£n-¡-W-sa-¶p--tÃm. F¶mÂ Gsd Btem-N-\-bv¡p-tijw Poh³ If-bpI F¶Xv hfsck¦-S-I-c-am-sW¶p a\-Ên-em-¡nb Zb-\o-b-\mb cmPmhv k´w Zmlw XoÀ¡m³thn cmP-Nn-Ó-§Ä Dt]-£n¨v km[m-cW P\-§Ä¡n-S-bn-te-¡n-d§n h¶p shÅw hm§n IpSn- p. cmPØm\w\jvS-s -Sp-Ibpw Zmlw ian- n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv enkn amÀt¡mkv F¶p t]cpÅ cmPm-hn\vkw`-hn- -Xm-Wv, _lp-XrjvW þ `b-¦c Zmlw. Xyàzm þ Dt]-£n- n-«v.



166-þ170 Zml-a-I-äm-\pÅ shÅw In«msX aq{Xhpw càhpw ]T\w sNbvXv acn- -h-cp-ap-v. kIe`qX-§Ä¡pw Ah-c-h-cpsS Øm\¯v _ew Dm-Ipw. (kz-t£{X _ew) F¶mÂ FÃm k¦S-§Ä¡pw \c-I- nÂ iàn hÀ²n-¡p-¶p. Zmlw XpS-§nb Zp:J§Ä \c-I- n-epÅXpt]mse asä-hn-sS-¦n-ep-ap-s¶p ]d-bmtam? \c-I- nse DXvI-S-amb aäp k¦-S-§-sf-¡p-dn-s¨m¶pw ]d-bm-sX,[\n-I³ Zmln¨p heª \mhnsâ hcÄ -sb-¡p-dn- p-am-{X-am-WtÃm ]d-ªXv (em-k-dn-sâbpw [\n-I-sâbpw IY (eqt¡m: 16:19þ31)[\-[m-\y-§fpw Xm³ km¼m-Zn- p-Iq-«nb cXv\-kzÀ®mZn k¼- p-¡fpw Hcn-¡Â IpSn-¡m-\pÅshÅ- n\p ]I-c-ambn sImSp-¡m³ X¿m-dm-bmÂt¸mepw Hcp XpÅn shÅhpw e`n-¡p-I-bn-Ã.`qan-bnÂ Pohn- n-cp¶ Ime¯v bmNn- -h\v Zml-Pew sImSp-¡m- Xn\mÂ, Ah-km-\-an-Ãm¯ Zmlhpwhni¸pw Ah\p hn[n- n-cn-¡p-¶p. \msh-t¸mgpw Zmlw-sImp hc-fpw.

176þ180 Zmlhpw hni¸pw tNÀ¶v \c-I-tem-I¯p krjvSn-¡p¶ k¦Sw a\p-jysâ hm¡p-IÄ¡vAtKm-N-c-am-Wv. ZpjvSsc in£n-¡m³ thn kÀth-iz-c³ krjvSn¨ ]e-hn-[-amb \c-I-bm-X-\-IÄXm§m³ a\p-jy-Ip-e- n\p Ign-bptam?Imäv, a®v, Aán, shÅw F¶o \mep `qX-§Ä sImmWv a\p-jy-i-cocw \nÀ½n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. aäpaq¶p qX-§Ä¡pw DuÀÖ-ap-m-I-W-sa-¦nÂ Aán-bpsS t]mjWw Dm-I-Ww. AXp kw`-hn-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ Aán¡p Zln- n-¡m-s\-s -¦n-ep-ap-m-I-Ww. AsÃ-¦nÂ Aán AXn-cn-¡p¶ Øew Zln-¸n-¡m³ X¿m-dm-Ipw. `£Ww sshIp-t¼mÄ NqSv hÀ²n-¡pw.

181þ185 ico-c- nsâ thZ\ AXy´w XojvW-am-Ip-t¼mÄ AXp kln-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ a\p-jy³No¯ `£-W-§fpw aSn-¡msX Ign-¡m³ XpS-§pw. kacy F¶ \Kcw C¯-c-sam-c-\p- -h- n-\n-c-bmbn. i{Xp-¡Ä ssk\y-k-taXw hf-ª-t¸mÄ P\-§Ä `£-W-km-a-{Kn-I-fn-ÃmsX IpXn-c, Igp-X,]«n F¶n-h-bpsS amwkw CjvS-t¯msS `pPn-t¡-n-h-¶p.186þ190 ITn-\-amb hni¸p kln-¡msX AhÀ Hcp Igp-X- e¡v F¬]Xp shÅn-¡miphscsImSp-¡m³ X¿m-dm-bn. AXpw XoÀ¶-t¸mÄ \nhr-¯n-bn-ÃmsX tImgn, {]mhv apX-em-b-h-bpsSImjvThpw hne-sIm-Sp- p-hm§n £n-t¡-n-h-¶p. tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ sIme-s -Sp- n-b-Xn\v ({Iq-im-tcm-l-W- n-\v) in£-bm-bn, ssZhw blq-Z-·mÀ¡v ]ªw F¶ ZWvUw \ÂIn. Gähpw henb]m]- nsâ in£-bmbn AXp \evIn-b-t¸mÄ AXv Cu temI- nse Gähpw henb ZWvU-ap-d-bm-bn- oÀ¶p. `qan-bnse a\p-jysc apgp-h³ c£n¨ Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bmb tZh³.

191þ195 kzÀK-tem-I-t -s¡-gp-¶Ån \mev]Xp kwh-Õcw Ign-ª-t¸mÄ ZpjvS-·m-cmb blq-Z-·mÀ¡vhwi\miw hcm-\pÅ Ime-am-bn. At¸mÄ hS-t¡-Zn-¡nÂ\n¶p henb ]S-t¡m- p-ItfmSp-IqSn tk\m-\m-b-I-·m-cmb XoÀt¯mkv F¶ alm-cm-Pmhv ]pd-s -«p. cmPyw apgp-h³ \in¨p. AbmÄ \K-c-§sf Iog-S-¡n. ssk\ys¯ `b¶ P\-§Ä sbdp-isew \K-cs¯ A`bw {]m]n- p. AkwJywP\-§-sf-s¡mv \Kcw \ndªp Ihn-ªp.

196þ200 ]«-W- n-\p-Ånse F®n-bm-sem-Sp-§m¯ P\-¡q«w `£-W-ap-m-¡m³ \nhr- n-bn-ÃmsXhe-ªp. A§s\ ]pd¯pw AI¯pw i{Xp-¡-fm-bn. ]pd¯p i{Xp-¡-fpsS henb ssk\yw.AI¯v `b-\m-I-amb Zmcn-{Zyw. ]pd- p-I-S-¶mÂ ssk\yw h[n¡pw AI- p-h-kn- mÂ hni- p-sImv \in¡pw.

201þ205 acWw Aev]w kmh-[m\w kw`-hn-¡p-sa¶ hyXym-k-ta-bp-Åq. kIe P´p-¡Ä¡pw Poh³\ne-\nÀ¯m³ hfsc k¦-S-a-\p- -hn-t¡-n-h-cpw. F¦nepw I¯p¶ hni-s¸¶ Aán¡v ia\-ap-mtb Xocq. Ip]qb `£yw þ hr¯n-sI« `£-Ww.

209þ210 Zp:JIm-e¯v kz´w a¡sf ImWp-t¼mÄ Zp:Ji-a-\-ap-m-Ipw. ]nXmhp acn-¡p-t¼mÄ a¡-fn-eqsS Xsâ \maw \ne-\n-ev¡p-sa-¶min¡p-¶p.



211þ215 tij-{In-b-IÄ sN¿m³ ]p{X-\p-m-I-Ww. AXp-sImv ]nXm-hn\v kz´w Pohsâ ]Ip-Xn-bm-Wv, ]p{X³ (CXv Hcp sslµ-h-k-¦-ev]-amWv AÀtWm-kp-]m-Xncn Hcp anI¨ kwkvIrX ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-cp-¶p. At±-l- n\p `mc-Xob ZÀi\§fpw ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-¶p F¶ kqN\ Cu ]cm-aÀiw\evIp-¶p.) X¶p-sS-bwiw h[n- o-Sp-hm³ þ Xsâ Awis¯ h[n-¡p-hm³ (Xsâ Xs¶ `mK-ambaIs\ h[n-¡p-hm³ F¶m-i-bw) a\p-jy-P-·n-IÄ þ a\p-jy-P-·-sa-Sp- -hÀ. ]cn-l-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯Zp:J§-fp-m-bmte C{X IjvS-amb {]hr¯n a\p-jy³ sN¿q. qan-bnse hni¸v C{X b-¦-c-am-sW-¦nÂ hni- p-sImv \c-I- n-ep-m-Ip¶ AhØ F{X ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cn¡pw!.

215þ220 `qan-bnÂ hni¸pw Zmlhpw F{X `b-¦-c-am-bmepw AXn\v Nne ct£m-]m-b-§-fp-m-Imw.Ipd-t¨sd Znh-kw-sImv AXv ians -¶p-h-cpw, F¶mÂ ]m]n-IÄ¡v A\- -ambn hni- p-k-ln-¡p-Itb \nhr- n-bp-Åq. Imew Hcn-¡-ep-a-Xn-\m-izmkw Xcn-Ã. `mc-apÅ hkvXp-¡-fn-te-ähpw t{ijvTw`qan-bm-Wv. thK-X-bp-Å-Xn-sem-¶m-a-t¯Xv hmbp-hpw. Gähpw kq£va-am-bXv BIm-i-a-t{X. XWp- p-Å-Xm-Is« shÅ-hpw. F¶mÂ NqSp-Å-XnÂ Gähpw `b¦cw Aán-bm-Wv.

221þ225 ico-c- nsâ Zp:J§-fn-te-ähpw `b-¦cw DjvW-am-Wv. FÃm k¦-S-§-fpw Aln-X-I-c-am-sW-¦nepw Aán-bpsS Zl\w Ah-bn-te-ähpw `bm-\-I-am-Wv. Ipd- p-t\cw t]mepw AXp kln-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. Nne em`§Ä¡p-thn NneÀ hni¸pw Zmlhpw kln-t -¡pw. [\w kwc-£n-¡m³thn ]e-hn-[-amb ZWvU-\-§Ä kln-t -¡pw. F¶mÂ `qtem-I- nse am\y-X-IÄ e`n¡m³thn Aev]-Imew t]mepw Aán-bpsS thZ-\-IÄ kln-¡m-\mcpw X¿m-d-Ã. HcmÄ [\-t¯m-SmÀ¯n ]qv N]-e-a-\-tÊmsS aäp-Å-h-cpsS [\w [mcm-f-ambn A]-l-cn- p.

226þ230 ac-W-t¯m-S-Sp¯ Ime¯v B ]m]n-sb-¡ Hcp ap\n Zpcn-X- n\p Imc-W-amb B {]hr-¯n-sb-¡p-dn¨v tI«v Ahs\ {]t_m-[n- n¨p:þA\y-cpsS k¼- -]-l-cn-¡p¶Xv \m-i-¯n\p Imc-W-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-mÀ¡pw \·-bp-m-hn-Ã.A\ym-b-ambn t\Snb {Zhyw B hn[- nÂ¯s¶ \in- p-t]m-Ipw. AXv ]Àh-X- nÂ \ns¶m-gp-Ip¶ Pew-t]mse s]s«-¶n-Ãm-Xm-Ipw. aäp-Å-h-cnÂ \n¶-]-l-cn-¡p¶ k¼¯v Aev]-Imewan¶Ât]mse {]Imin¡pw. aäp-Å-h-cpsS [\-a-]-l-cn- mÂ AXp \nXy-\-c-I- n\p Imc-W-am-Ipw.AXp-sIm-p-m-Ip¶ Zp:Jw Hcn-¡epw Xocp-I-bp-an-Ã.ZpÀ\ym-bwþ sXämb hgn. A\ymÀ° kwt£]w þ A\ysâ [\w A]-l-cn-¡Â. Acw þ Zp:Jw.

231þ235 A\y-cp-tSXp aS-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ a¡Ä Zcn-{Z-cm-Ipw. a¡Ä¡p k¦Sw hcp-t¼mÄ ]nXm-hn\v Bizmkt¯msS acn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. ]cmÀ°w þ aäp-Å-h-cpsS [\w. {Zhy-tem`n þ [\-t¯mSvAXym-{K-l-ap-Å-h³. Bß-P³ þ ]p{X³. \nkzw þ Zmcn-{Zyw.

236þ240 a¡Ä¡v Ct§m«v kvt\l-aptm F¶pd- p-h-cp- -Ww. Ds-¦nte AhÀ \nsâ kvt\l-¯n-\Àl-cm-Ip-¶p-Åq. AhÀ¡p kvt\l-an-sÃ-¦nÂ \n\-¡-h-tcm-SpÅ kvt\lw hyÀ°-am-Ipw. \n\-¡p-thn \nsâ ]p{X-·mÀ Ipd- p-Imew Aán-bpsS NqSp-k-ln-s -¦nÂ \nsâ [\hpw cXv\-hp-saÃmhÀ¡pw sImSp-¡mw. CsÃ-¦ntem sImSp-¡-cp-Xv. Cu temIs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v Aev]w IjvSXkln-¡m-\-hÀ X¿m-dm-Ip-t¼mÄ AhÀ¡p-\n-t¶m-SpÅ kvt\l- nsâ Af-h-dn-bm³ Ign-bpw.

244þ250 F¶mÂ Fsâ tcmKw ian¡m³ \n§Ä \n§-fpsS hncÂ Hcp £W-t\cw Zo]-\m-f- nÂhbv¡-Ww. F\n-¡p-thn a¡-fmb \n§-fnXp sN¿Ww. AXn\p k½m-\-ambn Rms\sâ [\-saÃmwXcmw. A{X-t¯mfw t]mepw kvt\l-an-sÃ-¦nÂ AXp-X-cm-s\-\n¡p aSn-bm-Ipw. At¸mÄ ]nXmhv hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ \c-Im-án-bpsS b-¦-c-X-tbmÀ v B ap\n ]d-ª-Xp-t]mse sNbvXp. Zo]-\m-f- nsâ NqSv\t¶ eLp-hm-Wv. Hc-ev]-t\cw AXp Xm§m³ t]mepw a¡Ä¡v Ign-bp-¶n-Ã.

251þ255 `qan-bnse FÃm- cw DjvW-§sfbp-sam-¶n¨p Iq«n-bmepw \c-Im-án-tbmfw NqSp-m-hp-I-



bn-Ã. AXp-ambn X«n- p-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ `qan-bnse Aán shdpw XWp- m-Wv.

]nXm-hn-t\m-SpÅ a¡-fpsS s]cp-amäw Ipw \c-Im-án-bpsS A\p-]-a-amb b-¦-c-X-tbmÀ¯pw ap\n-t{ijvT³ Zp:Jn¨p. hniz-kvX-cm-b-h-cnÂ HcmÄ acn- n«v Abm-fpsS \mi-an-Ãm¯ Poh³ {]Xy-£-am-b-t¸mÄ ap\nt{ijvT³ C§s\ tNmZn-¨p. \nsâ IÀ½-§-fpsS êw F´mWv? kpJ-amtWm?Zp:JamtWm? `mKy- nsâ D¶-Xm-h-Øsb tam£w {]m]n-¡m³ km²y-X-bptm? AtXm ZpÀK-Xn-bnÂs¸«v \nXyZp:JamtWm Dm-Im³ t]mIp-¶-Xv.?hniz-kvX³ F¶ hm¡n\pw ChnsS \oXn-am³, kÖ\w Fs¶m-s¡-bpÅ AÀ°-aÃ, kXyw ]d-bp-¶-h³ F¶ AÀ°-amWv D±n-jvSw.256-þ260 Fsâ ]m]- -e-ambn \c-I- nÂ hoW-h-\mWp Rm³. HSp§m¯ XobnÂ Rm³ Zmln- p-sIm-n-cp-¶p F¶m-bn-cp¶p adp-]-Sn.Aán-bnÂ\n-¶p-m-Ip¶ Zp:Jw A{X-a{Xw `b-¦-c-amtWm? \ob-\p- -hn-¡p¶ bmX-\-bpsS BgwF§s\ F\n¡p a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ignbpw F¶v Aht\mSv ap\n-h-c³ tNmZn- p. B acn- -h-\m-Is«shÅw \ndª ]m{X- nÂ ssI ap¡n-bn«v, B hnf¡v AXn-en-Sm³ ]d-ªp. shÅ- nÂ kv]Àinäm{X-bnÂ¯s¶ B Zo]w sagp-Ip-t]mse Dcp-In-t¸m-bn. (C-hnsS Zo]w ]gb Hm«p-hn-f-¡mbncn¡-Ww) ]ptcm-ln-X-·mÀ Ah-cpsS {]`m-j-W-§-fnÂ tNÀ¡p¶ Xc- n-epÅ D]-a-Ifpw IY-IfpwsImv \c-I-bm-X-\bpsS `b-¦-cX shfn-s -Sp- m³ {ian-¡p-I-bm-Wv, ChnsS Ihn.

261þ265 \Ã-h-\mb Hcp ap\n acn¨ H-cmsf Pohn- n- p. AbmÄ Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h³ \nc- -c-ambn Ic-ªp. ap\n-h-c³ AXn\p Imc-W-a-t\z-jn- p. \c-I- nÂ Xm\-\p- -hn¨ Aán-bpsS NqS]-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ HmÀ½-bm-Wp-Xs¶ Ic-bn-¡p-¶-sX-¶m-bn-cp¶p Abm-fpsS adp-]-Sn. \c-I- nÂ Hcp Znh-k-a-\p-`-hn-¡p¶ NqSv qan-bnÂ aqhm-bncw hÀjw sIm-\p- -hn-¡p¶Xn\p Xpey-am-Wv. \c-I- nse Aán-bpsS NqSv AXn- -¦-cw-Xs¶ F¶p-]-dªv AbmÄ hopw Ic-bp-¶p.266þ271 C¯-c- n-epÅ Aán At[m-tem-I¯v Ggv kl-{km-_vZ-§-fm-bn, A\pk-kyqXw Pzen- p-sIm-t-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. NqSn\v t]mIm-s\mcp amÀK-hp-an-Ã. Aán-bpsS ê-am-bp-m-Ip¶ ssXjvWyw\nc- cw Hcp-an- p-tNÀ¶p hÀ²n-¡p-¶-tX-bp-Åq. AXy-[n-I-amb b-ap-f-hm-¡p¶ Øe-am-W-Xv. ]mZ-§fpw DZ-chpw ssIIfpw \mhpw It]m-ehpw Zln- v, NqSp-sImp t¢in-¡p-¶p. càhpw Xe-t¨mdpw ]n¯hpw tÇjvahpsaÃmw kZm NqSnÂ Dcp-In- n-f- p-sIm-t-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ]£n-IÄ BIm-i- nepw aÕy-§Ä shÅ- nepw Aán-bnÂ I\epsa-¶-t]mse ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy³ \c-Im-án-bnÂ Zln-¡p-¶p.

272þ275 iIp- -§Ä þ ]£n-IÄ. X]vX-hm-]n-þ-Nq-Sp-]n-Sn¨ Pem-i-bw. tJZn-¡p-¶p-þ-bm-X-\-b-\p- -hn-¡p-¶p. \c-I- nÂ þ `£-Whpw ]m\o-bhpw hmbphpw InS-¡bpw FÃmw Aán-a-b-am-Wv.

281þ285 BK-km-þ-]m]w aqew. Al-¦m-cym-t{K-k-c³-þ-A-l-¦m-cn-I-fnÂ h¨v H¶m-a³. \nÀKp-W-\n[n þZpjvS-X-I-fpsS Ccn- n-Sw. KÀhZp-kzm-Zp- ew þ KÀh- nsâ Zpkzm-ZpÅ êw.

286þ290 t{ijvT]m]n þ ]m]n-I-fnÂh¨v Gähpw ZpjvS³ F¶m-WÀ°-sa-Sp-t¡--Xv. {][m-\-Imaw þXm\mWv apJy³ F¶p-Øm-]n-¡m-\pÅ B{K-lw. {][m-\m- n-{]mbw þ Xm\mWv kI-e-cnepw h¨v{][m\n F¶ Nn´.

291þ295 aamÀ°m-{Klw þ Fsâ {Zhym-{K-lw. hnUvVn-bmb I -h-S-¡m-c\pw AÔ\pw alm-]m-]n-bp-amb Fs¶ `b-¦-c-amb N{I- nÂ sI«n, \nÀ±-b-am-bn, ip{Xp-¡Ä t{Zmln-¡p-¶p. Zpjv{I-an-¡pI þZpjvS-X-Im-«p-I.

301þ305 ]cn- m-jn¨v þ ]cn-l-kn- v. ZKv[À þ Zln-¡-s -«-hÀ. AXyÀ°w þ Gä-hp-a-[n-Iw. kz\nkw þkz´w Zmcn-{Zyw. AXyÀ°w þ ChnsS A[nIw [\-sa-¶À°w. AIm-a-km-[-\-§Ä þ shdp- p-f-hm-¡p¶ hkvXp-¡Ä. taml-§Ä¡p-hn-t[-b-ambn hgn-sX-än-bÀ, aäp-Å-h-cpsS ]I kln-t¡-n-h-cp-



¶p. PUo-I-amb taml-§Ä km[n-¡m³ IjvS-s -«-hÀ ]e-X-c- n-epÅ imco-cn-I-amb Zpc- -§-f-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶p. Ah-c-\p- -hn¨ hgn-sX-änb B\-µ-§-fpsS kp\n-Ýn-X-amb êw A\p- -hn-¡p-¶p.

306þ320 ]mXm-f- nse kÀ -§Ä¡v Ahsc Gev]n¨p sImSp- n-cn-¡p-¶p. kÔn-Ifpw lrZ-bhpwDÅpw (\-s«Ãv F¶mhmw D±n-jvSw) kÀ -§Ä ISn- p-ap-dn-¡p-¶p. XpSÀ¶v Ibnsâ IY-bmWv A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Ibn³ ssZh- n\v kaÀ¸n¨ hgn-]mSv ssZhw kzoI-cn- n-Ã. Cfb ktlm-Z-c-\mblmt_-ensâ _en-ssZhw kzoI-cn- p. CXnÂ {Ip²-\m-bn- oÀ¶ tPyjvT³ ktlm-Z-cs\ sIm¶p,(D-ev]¯n 4) A§s\ \c-I- nÂ hoWv kIe kpJhpw \jvS-s¸« Ibo³ ktlm-Z-c-\-\p- hn¡p¶kzÀKkpJw Iv AXy´w Zp:Jn¡p-¶p.D¯-cm-\p-P³ þ Cfb ktlm-Z-c³. {`mXr-L-im]w þ ktlm-Z-c-h-[- nsâ e-amb im]w. Ct¸mÄAhsâ IcÄ kÀ -§Ä Ic-fp-¶p. kÀ -§Ä hopw Ic-fm³ thn IcÄ hf-cp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. kmc-tabw þ ]«n.

321þ325 sNs©eyw þ a\-tbm-e. tIm]- nsâ ê-ambn \nXy-amb \c-I- nÂ \n]-Xn¨ \oN-cpsSIq«w tZjyw-]n-Sn¨ ]«n-I-sf-t¸mse At\ym\yw ISn-¡p-Ibpw XÃp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. _p²n-iq-\ycpwaSn-b-·mcpw aäpw aqÀ -bpÅ At\Iw BWn-Ifpw kqNn-Ifpw ]Xn¨ I«n-enÂ InS¶p Ic-bp-¶p.326þ330 kXy-ssZ-hs¯ Xncn- -dn-bm¯ ]nim-Np-¡sf hnt[-bXzw \ndª a\-tÊmsS A\p-k-cnäqV-cmb P\w, {`m -·m-sc-t¸mse XpS-enÂ sI«-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p. Zp:Jm\p- hw sImv, kXy-ssZ-hs¯ a\-Ên-em-¡nb AhÀ \njvTq-c-amb ]nim-Np-¡-fpsS ]oV-\-taäv ssZhs¯ ssIIq¸n Bcm-[n-¡p-¶p. ico-c- nsâ Zp:J§-sf-¡p-dn¨v Rm³ Nne Imcy-§Ä ]d-ªp. F¶mÂ Bßm-hnsâthZ-\-Isf¡pdn¨p ]d-bp-hm-\pÅ sshZ-Kv²y-sa-\n-¡n-Ã. Hmtcm A\p- -hhpw \njvIr-jvS-ambn thÀXn-cn¨p ]d-bpI ZpjvI-c-am-Wv. AXp a\-ÊnÂ kw{K-ln-¡m\pw hnjaw.XpSÀ¶p hop-samcp IY ]d-bp-¶p. ]v Hcp h\-hm-kn-bmb k\ymkn \S-¡thþ331þ335 acn¨ Hcp-hsâ AØn-bnÂ Nhn-«n. ZpÀK-XymKn þ ZpÀK-Xn-bpsS B[nþ \c-I-bm-X\ F¶n-hnsS Bi-bw. ss`c-h-Xm]w þ `b-¦-c-amb Xm]w.

336þ345 ico-c- n-t\-ev¡p¶ ZWvU-§Ä Bßm-hn-s\bpw kv]Àin-¡pw. F¶mÂ \c-I- nÂ kz´wZp:Jw am{X-a-Ã, A\ycpsS Zp:Jhpw ImtW-n-h-cpw. imco-cn-I-amb IjvS-X-Isf A\yZp:Jamb Icp-Xmw. F¶mÂ am\-kn-I-amb ]oU-IÄ, kz -am-ßm-hn-t\Â¸n-¡p¶ BLm-X-I-§-fm-Wv. _p²n, HmÀ½,a\Êv F¶n-§s\ Bßmhn\v aq¶p-X-e-§-fp-s¶v imkv{Xw ]d-bp-¶p. ]m]n-Isf kw_-Ôn- n-S-t¯mfw CsXms¡ ]oUm-I-c-§-fs{X. Ign-ªp-t]mbImcy-§Ä ImWm-\pÅ I®v kvac-W-am-sW¶vhnZzm-·mÀ ]d-bp-¶p. AXpw \c-I- n-epÅhÀ¡v Zp:JIm-cWw Xs¶. Cu I®p-sImp ImtW-m- -Xp-I-v, AXy-[nIw Zp:Jnt¡-n-h-cpw.

346þ350 {]W-bhpw Pohn-X-ku- m-Ky-§fpw ]p©n-cnbpw eoe-Ifpw t`mK-§-fp-saÃmw AXn-thKw Ign-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶p. F¶mÂ sNbvX ]m]- nsâ in£-I-sfm-¶p-a-h-km-\n-¡msX \nc- -c-amb Zp:Jw\nXy-a-\p- -hn-t¡-n-h-cp-sa¶v HmÀ¡p-¶p. Bßm-hnsâ I®p _p²n-bm-hp-¶p. _p²n-bpsS {]hÀ¯-\-§-fm-Is« [mc-Ww, hnth-N-\w, Iq«n-t¨À¡Â F¶n-h-bm-Wv. Ahbpw ]m]n-IÄ¡p Zp:Jta-bp-f-hm-¡q.

351þ355 k¦-S- -h\w þ \c-I-sa¶ AÀ°- nÂ AÀtWmkv ]mXncn Cu hm¡v kpe- -ambn {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p.{]m]n-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ KpW-§-fpsS \jvShpw hnip-²-amb KpW-§-tfm-SpÅ Ønc-amb hntcm-[hpw A\m-Zn-bmb ssZhn-I-im-]- nsâ A\p- -hhpw ZuÀ`m-Ky-§-fp-saÃmw Aev]-am-{X-amb em`-¯nsâ kw`m-h-\-I-f-t{X. \t¶ IpdªImew sImv Dt]-£n-¡-s -tS t`mK-§-sfÃmw Ign-ªp-t]m-bn. Cu kXyw hnth-Nn- -dn-bp-¶Xv FÃmw \jvS-s¸«p Ign-bp-t¼m-gm-bn-cn-¡pw. ]m]n-IÄkZm-Imew \c-IZp:Ja\p`hn-¡pI F¶Xv amä-an-Ãm¯ Cuiz-c-hn-[n-bm-Wv.

356þ360 \t¶ Ipdª Imew-sImv FÃm kpJ-t`m-K-§fpw Ign-ªp. e`n¨ kpJ-§-fm-Is« Zpjn-

219



-Xpw. AXnsâ t]cnÂ XyPn-¡-s¸-«-Xm-Is« A\m-Zy-´\mb Cuiz-c-\p-ambn _Ô-s -«-Xm-I-s«.CsXms¡ kw`hn -Xv Fsâ t`mjXzw sImm-Wv. \·-bpsS IS-ens\ (sF-iz-cy-amb ZnhyambA\p- -h-§-sf) Bkz-Zn¨v F¶pw kpJn-¡m-\mbn kÀth-iz-c³ Fs¶ Imcp-Wy-t¯msS krjvSn¨p.Ahsâ awK-e-]qÀW-amb KpW-§Ä {]m]n-¡pI F¶ e£y-t¯m-sS-bmWv A´:Ic-Ws¯ ssZhwkrjvSn- Xv F¶mÂ {`m -\mb Rm³ \nkm-cm-\p- -h-§sf tkhn- Xv F{X IjvSam-Wv. Xo{h-ambZmlw XoÀ¡m³ kap-{Zs¯ At\z-jn-¡m-sX.

361þ365 \oÀ¯pÅn IpSn-¡m-\mbn Rm³ t¢in¨p \S-¶p. Ct¸mÄ AXp XoÀ¶p-t]m-bn. AtX-k-abw atäXv \·-bpsS kap-{Zw, \jvS-s -Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.kl-{k-hÀjw þ Bbncw hÀjw. iX-k-l{kw þ \qdm-bn-cw. kl-{k-I-ev]-hÀjw þ tImSn-¡-W-¡W¡n\v hÀjw.Hcn-¡-ep-a-h-km-\n-¡m- XmWv \c-I-hm-k- nse Zpcn-X-§Ä. AsX-t¸mgpw hÀ¯a-am-\-Im-e-am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶-tX-bp-Åq.

366þ370 Cu Zp:J¯nsâ kap{Zw AXy-Km-[-am-Wv. AXn-emÀ¡pw \ne-bp-m-hn-Ã. ka-X-e- nÂ \t¶`mc-apÅ Hcp- h¨mÂ AXnsâ sNdnb mKta \ne¯p kv]Àin-¡p-sh-¦nepw AXnsâ mcw apgp-h³ AhnsS k½À±w sNep-¯pw. AXp-t]mse A\- -amb hÀ¯-am-\-Im-e- nse HSp-§m¯IjvS-X-IÄ apgp-h\pw a\Êv A\p- -hnt¨ Xocq. Akm-[m-c-Whpw A]qÀh-hp-amb Hcp _nw_- neqsSH«v Ahy-àhpw k¦oÀ®-hp-amb `mhw [z\n- n-¡m³ {ian-¡p-I-bm-Wv, Ihn Chn-sS. Cu kXyw]qÀW-ambn {Kln-¡p-t¼mÄ Rm³ F{X ZuÀ`m-Ky-hm-\m-sW¶p t_m[y-am-Ipw.

371-þ374 Fsâ B{K-l- n\mkv]-Z-am-bn-«p-ÅXpw bYmÀ° kXy-a-Ã. hn\m-i-I-c-amb Imcy-§-fm-Wv.AtX kabw kXys¯ Ign-bp-I-bpan-Ã. C¯cw hnNm-c§Ä Dm-Ip-t¼mÄ a\-Ên-ep-f-hm-Ip¶]mc-hiyw F§s\ \nb-{´n-¡m³ Ignbpw?375þ379þ374 Â ]d.-bp¶ hyXykvX hnIm-c-§Ä a\-ÊnÂ \nd-bp-t¼mÄ sImSp-¦m-änÂs¸« Hcp I -ensâ Ah-Ø-bmWv \c-I- nÂ -Xn¨ ]m]n-¡p-m-Ip-¶-Xv. Ne-\m-ß-I-amb Hcp kz`m-thmàn hÀ®-\-bm-Wn-hnsS Ihn \S- p-¶-Xv. ]m]n-bpsS a\-Ênsâ {]£p-_v[-Xsb tImfnÂs¸«p XIÀ¶p-e-bp¶ I -en-t\mSv DÂt{]-£n- Xpw hnNm-c-c-a-Wobw Xs¶.DZ[n þ kap-{Zw. bm\-]{Xw þ I¸Â. A{Zn-k-am\w þ aebv¡p-Xp-eyw. DuÀan þ Xnc-am-e. {]lnXw þFbvX-b-bv¡-s -«.

380þ385 ià-\mb hnÃmfn Ab¨ A¼v DS-s\-Xs¶ AXnsâ e£yw {]m]n-¡m³ sh¼p-¶-Xp-t]m-se, a\:km£n-tbmSv cRvPn¨v AXn-em-\-µn-¡m³ Xo{h-amb sh¼Â \c-I-]m-]n-¡p-m-Ipw. ]t£\njv -e-amb tamlhpw e-c-ln-X-am-bn- o-cp-¶p. AXv AXy-[n-I-am-b Zp:Jw Df-hm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.Cu A\p- -h-§-sf-¡m-sfm¡w DXvIrjvSam-bXv \cIw Xs¶. ChnsS t{ijvTw F¶ ]Z- n\vDXvIr-jvS-sa-¶Ã ]mcayw F¶m-Wm-i-bw. X\n¡v AXy´w em`w \evIm-\n-S-bpÅ cXv\-§Ä \ndªI¸Â sImSp-¦m-änÂs¸«p Xmgp-¶Xv t\m¡n-\n-evt¡-n-h-cp¶ sN«n (I- -h-S-¡m-c³)bv¡v Dm-Ip¶ Zp:Jw \c-IZp:Jhp-ambn X«n- p-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ hfsc \nÊm-c-am-Wv.

386þ390 \jvS-s¸« KpW- n\p Xpey-am-Wv, \c-I- nÂs¸« a\p-jysâ a\-Ên-ep-m-Ip¶ Zp:JwAXv AXp-ey-amb k¦-S-am-sW¶v _p²n-sImv a\-Ên-em-¡n, [À½m-[À½- nÂ Ncn¨v B\µwt\Sm³, `qan-bnse a\p-jy³ {ian- mÂ AhÀ _p²n-am-·m-cm-Ipw. \c-IZp:Jw A{X-am{Xw `b-¦-am-sW-¦nepw \c-Is¯ e£y-am¡n {]bmWw sN¿p¶ hnUvQn-I-fm-W-[n-Iw.

391þ395 kXy-thZs¯ \nµn¨v ]nim-Np-¡sf tkhn-¡p-¶-hcpw; kXy-th-Z- nse {]am-W-§sfFXnÀ¡p-¶hcpw icn-bmb ssZh-hn-izmkw ]peÀ¯p-¶-h-tcmSp i{XpX Im«p-¶-hcpw IÅ-kXywsN¿p¶ \oN-·mcpw ssZhm-cm-[-\bv¡p ssZhw \nÝ-bn¨ Znh-ks¯ (km-_- v) am\n-¡msX \S-¡p-¶-hcpw amXm-]n-Xm-¡-·m-scbpw bP-am-\-·m-scbpw bYm-hn[n BZ-cn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p¶ A[-a-·mcpwa\-ÊnÂ AaÀjw ]qp \S-¡p-¶-hcpw a\p-jysc sImesN¿p-¶-hcpw ]c-kv{Xo-K-a\w \S- p-¶-hcpw taml-N-]-e-·m-cpw.



396þ400 IÅ-·mcpw [\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v I]-S-amb D]-tZiw \evIp¶ ZpjvS-·mcpw IÅ-·msckln-bm-¡p-¶-hcpw IÅ-km-£n-Ifpw ]c-kv{Xo-I-tfmSv Imaw ]qv Zpcmi h¨p]peÀ¯p-¶-hcpwAl-¦m-cn-Ifpw ]W-t¯m-SpÅ BÀ¯nsImv N]-e-cm-bn- oÀ¶-hcpw tamlw sImv hgn-sX-än-b-hcpw ss]ip-\y-ap-Å-hcpw AXn- -£-I-·mcpw aZyw tkhn¨v a¯-cm-b-hcpw s]s«¶p tIm]n-¡p-¶-hcpw aµ_p-²n-I-fmb ]m]n-Ifpw hÀIm-e¯v [mcm-f-ambn ag s]¿p-¶-Xp-t]msebpw Npg-en-¡m-änÂ Ce-IÄ hogp-¶-Xp-t]m-sebpw þ

401-þ405 temI-t¯mSv XmXv]cyw ]peÀ¯p¶ a\p-jyÀ Ft¸mgpw \c-I- nÂ hoWp-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. (AÀtWmkv ]mXn-cn-bpsS Imhy- mj s]mXpsh Ae-¦m-c-k-ar-²-a-Ã. F¶m-eo- m-K v AXy´wefn-X-sa-¦nepw ê-{]-Z-amb cp kmZr-tim-àn-IÄ kzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. \c-I- nÂ ]m]n-IÄhogp-¶Xv hÀjIm-es¯ ag-t]m-sebpw Npg-en-¡m-änÂ DW-§nb Ce-IÄ t]mse-bp-a-t{X) X§-sfm-ä-bv¡-Ã, Iq«n-\p-Nn-eÀIqSn-bp-Å-Xp-sImp k´m]w Ipd-bp-sa¶p Icp-Xp¶ aSb-·m-cp-v. F¶mÂXo¡-\Â hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ F§s\ IjvSX Ipd-bm-\m-Wv.apÅp-IÄ hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ ap\Ifpw hÀ²n-¡p-Itb DÅq. [mcmfw Zcn-{ZÀ Hcp-an- p-tNÀ¶mÂ kar-²n-bp-m-hn-ÃtÃm. Xo hÀ²n-¡p-t¼mÄ XWp- p-m-Iptam? AXn`b¦-c-ambn Bfn-¡- p¶ XobnÂs\s¿m-gn- mÂ Xo AW-bptam? i{Xp-¡-fpsS F®w IqSp-t¼mÄ aÕcw Ipd-bptam?

406þ410 AXp-t]mse \c-I- nÂ P\-§-fpsS F®w Ipdbp-t¼mÄ k¦Sw hÀ²n-¡pI am{XtasN¿q. kap-{Z- nse Pew apgp-h³ Hcp InW-än-te¡p amäm³ Ign-tª-¡mw. ac-§-fnse Ce-I-fp-sS-sbms¡ IW-s¡-Sp-¡m³ Ign-sª-¶p-h-cmw. Cu `qan-bn-se{X aWÂ¯-cnIfps¶v IW-¡p-Iq-«m³ Ign-tª-¡mw. \qdp-i-X-am\w Akm-[y-amb Imcyw km[n-s¨¶pw hcmw. F¦nepw KpWm-\p-K³F¶ alm-ap\n ]d-ª-Xp-tI«v ]pI-bp¶ a\-tÊm-Sp-Iq-Snþ416þ420 \Ã-h®w Btem-Nn¨v AXnsâ ImcWw At\z-jn- p. Cu ITn-\-amb in£-bv¡p-hn-[n-¡m³Hcp Imc-Whpw a\-ÊnÂ tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. At¸mÄ X¯z-_p-[³ F¶ Kpcp a\-Ê-en-thmsS KpWm-\p-Ks\ t\m¡n AXnsâ Imc-W-sa-s´¶p tNmZn- -t¸mÄ, KpWm-\p-K³ ]d-ªp. A\- -amb kÀth-iz-c³ Icp-W-bpsS Be-b-am-sW¶v imkv{Xn-Isf-Ãm-hcpw Dd- p-\ÂIp-¶p. A§-s\-bpÅ Hcp ssZhwa\pjys\ C§s\ in£n-¡ptam? Aev]-_p-²n-I-fmb a\p-jyÀ¡p-sX-äp-]-äp-¶p. AXnsâ ê-am-Is« \nXy-amb bmX-\-bpw.

421-þ425 a\p-jyÀ sXäp-IÄ \nan-jw-sImv sNbvXp-XoÀ¡p-¶p. AXnsâ ê-amb \c-I-bm-X\ A\--ambn \ofp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. Cu \nÀ±-b-amb hn[n a\-Ên-em-¡pI Ffp- -a-Ã. AXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v

[ym\n- mÂ Hcp- -c- n-se- p-¶p-an-Ã. D -a-\mb ap\n-bpsS Cu hm¡pIÄ tI«v ]c-a-kXyw {Kln¨X¯z-_p-[³ C§s\ adp-]Sn \evIn. A\- -amb Zb-bpsS kap-{Zhpw awK-f-Im-c-\p-amb ssZhwimkn-¡p-¶-h-\p-am-Wv, Ir]m-hm-cn-[n-bmb Ahn-Sp¶v ZpjvS-IÀ½-§Ä¡v Cu hn[w in£ \ÂIp-¶p-s-¦nepw IÀ½-§Äs¡m- -h®w ITn-\-in£ \ÂIp-¶n-Ã. k\-b-im-kvXmhv þ \oXn-tbmsS hn[n-¡p-¶-h³.

426-þ431 \·bv¡v AÀln-¡p-¶-Xn-e-[nIw ]mcn-tXm-jnIw \ÂIp¶ ssZhw ZpjvIr-Xy-§Ä¡p Xmc-X-tay\ sNdnb in£tb \ÂIp-¶p-Åq. CXp a\-Ên-em-¡m³ thn Cu IY \o tIÄ¡p-I. Ihn]pXnb ZrjvSm´ IY-bn-te¡p IS-¡p-¶p. kÂ¡oÀ¯n-tbmsS `cn-¡-s -Sp¶ Hcp cmPy¯v ià-\mb Hcp cmPmhv \mbm-«p-\-S¯n £oWn¨v IqsS-bpÅ AI-¼-Sn-¡m-cnÂ \n¶-I¶v Im«n-eqsS \S-¡p-t¼mÄ {Iqc-·m-cmb sIme-]m-X-In-I-fpsS Iq«-s¯-¡-p. AhÀ kpµ-cn-bmb Hcp bph-Xnsb_Ô-\-Ø-bm-¡n, \njvI-cpWw B{I-an- -Xn-\p-tijw Bg-apÅ Hcp Ipgn-bn-en«v h[n-¡m³ mhn-¡p-¶p.

432-þ435 Zp:Jw \ndª \ne-hn-fn¡p Imc-W-sa-s´¶v cmPmhv {i²n- p-t\m-¡n-b-t¸mÄ AXy-[n-I-ambk¦-Sw-sImv hnh-i-bm-bn- oÀ¶ kv{Xosb ZpjvS-·m-cmb IÅ-·m-cpsS Iq«w sImÃm³ `mhn-¡p-¶-XmWv I-Xv. tNmc-]p-cv hnIr-X-amb ico-c-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb kv{Xosb Icp-W-tbmsS t\m¡n.A_-e-bmb Ah-tfmSp _em-evImcw ImWn-¡-cp-Xv. Ah-sf sImÃmsX hn«-b-bv¡-W-sa¶pw ]d-



ªp.{ipXzm-þ-tI-«n-«v, kpjncw þ Ipgn, Kpl Fs¶m-s¡-bÀYw ]d-bmw. cpZncw þ Ic- nÂ.

436þ440 cmPm-hnsâ \nÀt±iw \njv -e-am-b-tX-bp-Åq. XnIª {Iqc-X-tbmsS Xs¶, AhÀ X§-fpsS {]hr¯n XpSÀ¶p. At¸mÄ Ah-fpsS Zp:Jw In«v Ahsf c£n-¡m³ Ir]-tbmsS a\-Ên-ep-d- p. Hä-bv¡m-sW-¦nepw \nÀ`-b-amb a\-tÊm-Sp-IqSn bp²- n\p k¶-²-\mb cmPmhv Gäp-ap-«p-I-Xs¶ sNbvXp. HcmÄ Häbv¡v hen-sbmcp ZpÀÖ-\-t¯m-tS-äp-ap-«p-I! B bp²w hnh-cn-¡m³ ChnsSka-b-anÃ AXp-ey-\mb cmPm-hn\pw lnwkm-ep-¡-fmb ZpjvS-·mÀ¡pw [oc-X-sImv A[n-I-ambiàn-bp-m-bn.cmÚm-hàw þ cmPm-hnsâ hm¡p-IÄ. {Iucyw þ ZpjvS-X. ZrjvSzm þ In-«v, {XmWw þ c£.lnw{k-·mÀ þ sIme-]m-X-In-IÄ.

441þ445 cmPmhv £oWn¨p At±-l- nsâ ta\n-bnÂ apdn-th-äp. BsI XfÀs¶-¦nepw a\-ssØcywssIhn-SmsX, kv{XobpsS c£-bv¡p-thn ZpjvS-·msc HmSn-¡p-thmfw bp²w XpS-cm³ Xs¶Xocp-am-\n- p. cmPm-hnsâ hnip-²-amb a\-Ênsâ e£yw a\-Ên-em-¡n-b, kz´w Poh-\m-i- nteCXp Iem-in¡q F¶v {Kln¨p `b-¶, {Iqc-·mÀ kpµ-cnsb AhnsS Dt]-£n- n«v HmSn-¡-f-ªp.kpµ-cn¡v c£ In«n-b-t¸mÄ ico-c- n-teä apdn-hp-IÄ hI-sh-bv¡msX cmPmhpw kt´m-jn- p.\riw-k-hrµw þ ZpjvS-·m-cpsS Iq«w.

446þ450 At¸m-tg¡pw tkh-I-·m-cp-sa- n. cmPm-hnsâ ico-c- nse apdn-hp-IÄ Iv AhÀ Zp:JnX-cmbn \n¶p. At¸mÄ cmPmhp ]d-ªp. Fs¶ c£n¡p¶-sX-§-s\tbm AXp-t]mse Fsâ tNmc-sImv tamNn- n-¡-s -«-hsf \n§Ä c£n-¡-Ww. cmP-I-ev]-\-b-\p-k-cn v tkh-I-·mÀ hfsc t¢in vsshZy-·mscbpw Huj-[-§-sfbpw F¯n- p. XpSÀ -bmbn Ahsf ip{iq-jn- -t¸mÄ þ`cn-¡pI þ ip{iq-jn-¡pI F¶m-Wn-hnsS AÀ°w. `nj-¡p-IÄ þ sshZy-·mÀ.451þ455 Ah-fpsS Zp:Jhpw ico-c- n-t\ä ]cn-¡p-Ifpw s]mdp- p. a\-Ênsâ hym[n Ah-km-\n- -tXmsS AhÄ kpµ-cn-bm-bn- o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. cmPm-hnsâ At\z-j-W- nÂ AhÄ¡p tcmK-§Ä t`Z-am-bn, Ag-Ip-Å-h-fm-bn- oÀ¶p F¶-dn-ª-t¸mÄ Ahsf ImW-W-sa-¶p-tXm-¶n. XpSÀ¶vAhÄ¡v FÃm-hn-[- n-ep-apÅ Ae-¦m-c-§fpw hne-]n-Sn- pÅ hkv{X-§fpw \evIn. Cu B`-c-W-§sf kw_-Ôn- pÅ hni-Z-hn-h-c-amWv C\n-bpÅ Cuc-Sn-I-fnÂ.cpKvt`Zw þ tcmK-ku-Jyw. \ntNmfw þ ]«ph-kv{X-§Ä. Dutcm- q-jWw þ amdn-e-Wn-bp¶ B`-c-W-§Ä. intcm-aWn þ inc-Ên-e-Wn-bp¶ cXv\w. Dev]-e-hn-tem-N-\þ \otem-ev]ew t]mse Ag-IpÅI®p-Å-hÄ. cq]-kp-cq]v þ cq]-ku-jvT-hw. \r]-k-¶n[u þ cmP-k-¶n-[n-bnÂ.

458-þ460 cmPm-hnsâ hnin-jvS-amb a\-ÊnÂ XmXv]cyw tXm¶n-b-tXmsS At±lw Ahsf thÄ¡p-Ibpw ZoÀL-Imew ]cn-em-fn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

461--þ465 tNSn-IÄ þ tXmgn-IÄ. kzmKkmþ kz´w ]m]- mÂ. Poh-{XmWw þ Pohsâ c£. A]-c-²-ambv þ A]-cm-[n-bm-bn. NWvUm-e-Pm-c³ þ \oN-\mb Pmc³.

466-þ470 IrX-tZmjw þ sNbvX-sX-äv. IrX ktZzjw þ Dmb ià-amb tIm]-t¯m-sS.]m]- nsâ hen¸w HmÀ¡p-t¼mÄ mcysb in£n-¡-W-sa-¶p-tXm-¶pw. F¶m-e-h-tfmSpÅ kvt\lwAXp XS-ªp-I-f-bpw. ]m]w £an- p-sIm-Sp- mÂ `bw \o§p-Ibpw hopw ]m]w sN¿m-\pÅss[cy-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sN¿pw. AXyp-{K-amb {]Xm-]- m-h-t¯msS cmPmhv sXäp-sNbvX `mcysbXsâ ap³]nÂ hcp- n. Zp:Jt¯mSpw {]nb-t¯mSpw `ÀÕ-\-t¯mSpw cmPmhp kwkm-cn- -t¸mÄAhÄ ITn-\-amb eÖ-tbmsS, tImcn-s¨m-cn-bp¶ ag-t]mse Ic-ªp.

471þ475 Pmbm-Zp-jvIrXw þ `mcy-bpsS ]m]w. Xsâ ]gb kvt\l-tamÀ¯v Ahsf hopw tNÀ¯p-sIm-p. Ah-fpsS ]m]-s¯-¡p-dn- pÅ HmÀ½ Ah-tfm-SpÅ kvt\l- n\p `wKw hcp- m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw {i²n- p. hÀ²n¨ DÕm-l-t¯msS Xsâ ]Xv\nsb BtÇjw sNbvXp. bYm-Imaw þ CjvSw-t]m-se. ]qÀh-Xm-]- nÂ]-cwþ ]p-mb Zp:Jt¯-¡mÄ henb Zp:Jt¯m-sS.



476þ480 hÀ²n¨ Zp:Jwaqew `mcysb XyPn-¡-W-sa¶p tXm¶n. F¶mÂ Zb \nd-ª-a-\-Êv, AXp{Iqc-X-bm-sW¶v t_m[y-s -Sp- n. Ipäw sNbvX kv{Xosb in£n-¡m³ thn ZqXsc Ab¨p hnfn-¸n- p. sNbvX-]m-]-tamÀ¯-\p-X-]n-¡p-sa-¦nÂ sXäp s]mdp-¡m-sa-¶-dn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶mÂAsXm¶pw ^en- n-Ã. \nµy-bmb AhÄ Hcp Znhkw \nÀe-Ö-bm-bn, Xsâ Pmc-t\msSm¸w þ

481-þ485 Xsâ `À¯m-hnsâ k¶n-[n-bnÂ sN¶p t¾Ñ-am-bXp {]hÀ¯n- p. Icp- -\mb B alm-cm-Pmhv A\- -amb tIm]-t¯msS Ah-fpsS A]-cm-[-\- n-\-\p-k-c-W-amb in£ \evInb X¿m-dm-bn.Akv{Xw, iqew, N½«n F¶n-h-sbms¡ X¿m-dm-¡m³ Iev]n- p. CXp-tI« alm-ap\n A -an-Ãm¯in£-bpsS ImcWw {Kln- -t¸mÄ A\yq-\-amb \oXn-\nÀÆlWam-sW¶p k½-Xn- p. F¦nepw CXnsâs]mcpÄ FÃm-hÀ¡pw {Kln-¡p-amdv hymJym-\n¨p ]d-b-W-sa-¶v, Kp-cp-hn-t\m-Sm-hiys -«p. \Ã a\p-jyÀ¡p-thn AXp hni-Z-am-bn- -d-bm-sa¶v Kpcp k½-Xn- p.

487þ490 AXym-{Klw aqehpw BZn-]n-Xm-hnsâ Nm]eyw aqehpw ]nim-Nnsâ _Ô-\- n-e-I-s¸« a\p-jy-hÀK- nsâ {]Xo-I-amWv `À¯m-hs\ \nc- cw h©n¨ Cu kv{Xo. ]nim-Nnsâ I¿nse D]-I-cWw am{X-am-bn- oÀ¶ a\p-jy-hÀKw Ht«sd IjvS-X-Ifpw bmX-\-I-fp-a-\p- -hn- p. ]cn-]qÀW-ambPohn-X-apÅ a\p-jy-hw-is¯ \nÀ±-b-amb a\-tÊmsS \c-I- nÂ Xmgv¯m³ XpS-§n.

491þ497 B ka-b¯v kakvX KpW-§-fp-sSbpw Ccn- n-S-amb ssZhw tkh-I-P-\- mÂt]mepw ]cn-Xy-à-\m-bn- oÀ¶p. bp²- q-an-bnÂ hoWp. F¦nepw i{Xp-P\w ]qÀW-ambn \in-¡p-Ibpw a\p-jy-hÀK- n\v c£-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tbip-{In-kvXp-hn-eq-sS-bpÅ ssZh- nsâ PU-[m-c-Whpw{Iqip-a-c-Whpw AXn-eqsS a\p-jy-hwi- n-\p-m-b hos-Sp- p-am-Wn-hnsS kqNn-X-am-b-Xv. tbip-{In-kvXp-hns\ {IqinÂX-d¨v h[n-s -¦nepw B ac-W\pw XpSÀ¶pÅ DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶ev]pw ]nim-Nnsâ k¼qÀ® ]cm-P-b- n-\mWv Imc-W-am-b-Xv. ChnsS ssZhs¯ hÀWn-¡p¶ `mK¯pw ssZh-¯nsâ KpW-K-W-§Ä kqNn- n-¡p¶ ssZh- nsâ ]cym-b-]-Z-§ÄsIm-pÅ IoÀ¯\w tNÀ¯n-«p-ÅXv {i²n-¡p-I. Fgp- -Ñsâ kzm[o-\-am-Wn-sX¶p hyàw. \nJn-e-tem-I-]Xn þ FÃm temI-§-fp-sSbpw cmPm-hv. kÀth-i-t\-I-{]`p þ FÃm Cuiz-c-·m-cp-sSbpw Cuiz-c-\m-bn-«p-Å-h³. kÂ¸Xnþ \Ã-h-\mb cmPm-hv. kI-e-Kp-W--]Xn þ FÃm \Ã-Kp-W-§Ä¡pw A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-«p-Å-h³. hn{²³þ \nÀa-e³. At´m-\-Kp-W-\n[n þ A\- -amb KpW-§-fpsS kap-{Zw. Ahy-b³ þ \mi-an-Ãm- -h³.

498þ500 A§s\ a\p-jy-hw-i- n\v c£ ssIh-¶p. ssZhw Ht«sd hninjvS-Kp-W-§Ä a\p-jy-hÀK-¯n\v Ae-¦m-c-ambn \ÂIn. A§s\ ssZh- nsâ hnip² kvt\l- n\p ]m{X-amb AhÄ¡v (a-\p-jy-hÀK- n-\v) A\y-]p-cp-j-\p-ambn _Ô-ap-m-I-cp-sX¶v hn[n- p. kv\nKv[³ þ kvt\ln-X³.

501þ505 {]iv\-§-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX AhÀ \¶mbn can-¡p-t¼mÄ ZpÀ½-Xn-bmb AhÀ (a-\p-jy-hÀKw)kÀth-iz-cs\ Dt]-£n¨p a\p-jy-cpS i{Xp-hmb km¯ms\ {]m]n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZhw hf-sc-¡mew AhÄ A]-am-\-I-c-amb hgn-bnÂ \S-¡msX, kÀh-Zy-¡mb ssZh- nsâ k¶n-[n-bnÂ\S-¡m\p]tZ-in-s -¦nepw `b-an-ÃmsX hopw ]m]w sN¿p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. \oXn-am-\mb ssZhwAXn\p X¡-in£ \ÂIm³ Xocp-am-\n- p. al-Xzs¯ \nµn-¡p-¶-Xp-sImv ZpjvS-X-\n-dª ]m]n-bpsS am\-an-Ãmbva sImpw temI¯v ]m]w hÀ²n-¡p-¶p.

506þ510 kIe awK-f-§-fp-sSbpw kap-{Z-amb kÀth-iz-c³ (a-\p-jy-cp-sS) \nc- -c-amb ]m]-§Äaqew \nµn-X-\m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. BÀÖ-h-apÅ Cui³, Ft¸mgpw a\p-jysâ \nµm-]m-{X-am-bn- o-cp-¶p. \nµn-¡-s -«-h-sâbpw \nµ sNbvX-h-sâbpw tZmj- nsâ Af-hp-IÄ¡v A\- -amb hyXym-k-ap-s¶v \nÝ-bw. ]m]-tZmjw A\´am-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. ZpjvSX sNbvX-h³, Ahsâ ZpjvS-Xbv¡pXpey-amb in£ \evImsX \nhr- n-bn-Ã. A\- -amb tZmj- n\v A\- -amb in£ F¶p \ymbw.B ka-b¯v KpWm-\p-K³ BÝcy-t¯msS ]dªp: A§-bpsS hm¡p-I-fmÂ thZmÀ°w shfn-s -Spw.

511þ515 kwibw Xocpw a\-Ênsâ hym[nbpw AI-¶p-t]m-Ipw. Fsâ a\-ÊnÂ hnjmZw \nd-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. hÃm¯ kw{`-a-hp-ap-v. Dd-¡-an-Ãm-Xmbn £Ww Ign-¡m\pw Xmev]-cy-an-Ã. \nÀ½-e-\mb A§-



bpsS hm¡p-IÄ tIÄ¡p-t¼mÄ kuJy-ap-m-Ipw. DÅnse¨qSn-\v, ioX-f-I-c-am-bn- o-cp¶ hm¡p-IÄ A§v tIÄ¸n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, Zp:Jan-Ãm-Xm-bn- o-cpw. \c-Im-án-bnÂ hogm-Xn-cn-¡m-\pÅ hgn-sb- mWv? \·-bpsS BZn-I-c-W-am-b-hs\ F§s\ {]m]n-¡m³ Ignbpw? Cu cp-Im-cy-§fpwNpcp-¡-am-bn- -d-ªm-epw.

516þ520 At¸mÄ X¯z-_p-[³ hfsc ck-I-c-am-bn- -dªp XpS-§n. kI-te-is\ Rm³ \an-¡p-¶p.A§v Fsâ c£m-ssZ-h-am-Ip-¶p. icn-bmb kXyw ]d-bm\pw Imcy-§Ä bpàn-]qÀhw \n_-Ôn-¡m\pw X¯zw ]Tn- n-¡m\pw kIe Úm\-§-fp-sSbpw BIm-c-am-b-hs\ Rm³ A`bw {]m]n-¡p-¶p. BZy- -lo-\hpw \mi-an-Ãm- -h-\p-amb kÀth-iz-c³ \nXy-bm-{X-¡m-cmb a\p-jysc krjvSn¨Ime¯v ku`mKyw t\Sm³ Hcp hgnbpw ZuÀ`m-Ky- n\v asämcp hgn-bpw \nÝ-bn- p. ZuÀ`m-Ky-¯nsâ hgn Hgn-hm-¡n, ku`m-Ky- nsâ hgn-bnÂ k©-cn-¡m³ a\p-jysc {]t_m-[n- n-¡p-IbpwsNbvXp.

520þ538 ZpÀ_p-²n-I-fmb a\p-jyÀ k·mÀKw Xncn- -dn-bmsX ZpÀamÀK- nÂ \S¶v IjvS-s¸«p he-bp-¶p. sXämb hgn Hgn-hm-¡m³ ZrU-\n-Ýbw sNbvXn«v icn-bmb hgn Adn-bm³ {ian-¡p-I. tam£-{]m-]vXn-¡pw -\-c-I- n\pw C§s\ cp hgn-I-tf-bp-Åq. aq¶m-a-sXm-¶n-Ã. ap¼nse hgn AXn-hn-kvXm-c-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. ]t£-{µn-b-§sf {]tem- n- n-¡p¶ FÃmw AhnsS A\p- -hn-¡mw. a\p-jysctamln- n-¡p-¶-sX´pw AhnsS e`n-¡pw. ]t£ AXp-sImv \o At§m«p Xncn-b-cp-Xv. CsXms¡XpS-¡- nte In«q. ]ns¶ Zp:Jw am{Xta Dm-Iq. ico-c- nsâ taml-§Ä km[n-¡m-\mbn Aev]-Im-ew-sImv Bßm-hnsâ c£ hyÀ°-am-¡n-bmÂ \nt¶-¡mÄ aqV-\mbn aämcpw DmhnÃ. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h³ Zp:Ja-\p- -hn-t¡-n-h-cpw. hnj-a-I-c-am-sW-¶p-h-¶mepw Ipd¨p IjvSw kln¨pwA[n-I-Imew kt´m-j-a-\p- -hn-¡m-\mWv _p²n-bpÅ a\p-jy³ {ian-¡p-I. Bcw- - nÂ Ipd¨pthZ-\-I-f-\p- -hn- mepw ]ns¶ A\- -amb ku`mKyw Bkz-Zn-¡mw.539þ540 kzÀK- n-te-¡pÅ ]mX-bpsS hÀW-\-bm-Wn-Xv. awKfw e`n-¡m-\mbn he-Xp-h-is¯ hgn-bn-eqsS \S-¡-Ww. AhnsS Hcp \Zn-bp-v. AXns\ IS¡-Ww. kÀKw-K-sb-¡p-dn- pÅ ]cm-aÀiwAÚm-\- ntâXtÃ F¶p kwibw tXm¶mw. F¶mÂ bYmÀ°- nÂ AhnsS Hcp \Zn-bp-v.CXnse Pew Úm\-Zm-b-I-am-Wv, CXv AXy´w hnip-²-am-Wv. AXv FÃm ]m]-§fpw Igp-In-¡-f-bp-Ibpw tcmK-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Úm-\-Zm-b-Ihpw kIe Btcm-Ky-{]-Z-hp-amb B Aar-XnÂ FÃm bm{X-¡mcpw BZyw kv\m\w sN¿-Ww. F¶mte ap³t]m-«p-\-S-¡m³ Ign-bq. DÅnseAÔ-Im-c- n-\-h-km\w Ipdn-¡p¶ t_m[-{]-Im-i-\- nsâ \nÀa-e-amb {]` DZn¨p-b-cpw.

541þ545 kpÚm-\-{]Zw þ hnin-jvS-amb Úm\w \ÂIp-¶-Xv. AL-hn-\miw þ ]m]w CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xv. FÃm Ba-bhpw ian- n-¡p¶ hnip²-P-ew. Babw þ Zp:Jw, A²z-K-·mÀ þ bm{X-¡mÀ. A -c-Ôm- -amb þ DÅnse BÔyw Ah-km-\n- n-¡p¶ B {]Im-is¯ hnizm-k-{]-Imiw F¶p-hn-fn-¡p-¶-Xn-semcp sXäp-an-Ã.

546þ550 A\- -amb kqcy-\nÂ\n¶v (H-cn-¡-ep-sam-Sp-§m¯ imiz-X-amb kqcy³) Dm-b-Xp-sIm-v,\nXym-Ô-Im-cs¯ \in- n-¡p¶ B {]Im-i- n-\-h-km-\-an-Ã. I®p-IÄsImv ImWm-hp¶ kqcysâ{]`bmWn-sX¶v [cn-¡-cp-Xv. kqcy-\-kvX-an-¡p-¶-tXmsS AXn-Ãm-Xm-bn- o-cp-a-tÃm. Hcn-¡epw \mi-an-Ãm¯ tXP-tÊmSp IqSnb Cuiz-c-\nÂ\n¶v Dm-b-Xp-sImv Cu {]Imiw eb-an-Ãm- -Xm-Wv.`qan-bpsS AÔ-Imcw apgp-h³ CÃm-Xm-¡m-\mWv Icp-Wm-e-b-\mb ssZhw Cu shfnhv DZn- n- -Xv.

551þ555 a\p-jy³ kXy-a-dn-bmsX AÔ-·m-sc-t¸mse ]nW-§nbpw X¸nbpw \S-¡p¶p. Cu civan-bnÂ t\m¡n-bmWv ]pWym-]pWyw (X-·-Xn-·-IÄ) Adn-tb--Xv. [Àas¯ ]cn-tk-hn-¡m-\m-bn,A[Àas¯ XyPn-¡-Ww. H¶n-¦-ep-d- vþ BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[- n-ep-d- v. cns\ Im¡p-Iþ ssZh-kvt\-l-s¯bpw ]c-kvt\-l-s¯bpw \ne-\nÀ¯p-I. Cu cn-s\bpw c£n-¡p-I-bmWv k -X-amb kpJ-¯n-\pÅ amÀKw. aq¶pi-{Xp-¡Ä þ temIw, ]nim-Nv, PUw. \memÂ þ hnth-Iw, AS¡w þ \oXn,Bß-i-àn. \mem-hØ þ ac-Ww. hn[n, \c-Iw, tam£w. A©ns\ þ ]t©-{µn-b-§-sf, Zpc- -¯n\p Imc-W-amb Bdm-as¯ {]am-W-ew-L-\- nÂ \ns¶m-gn-ªp-\nÂ¡p-I.



556þ560 Ggv-þ-Ggv Nmhp-tZm-j-§Ä. Ggn³h-imÂ þ hn\bw XpS-§nb ]pWy-§ÄsIm-v. F«ns\Nn´n¨v þ kphn-ti-j-§Ä DbÀ¯n-¡m-«p¶ F«p `mKy-§Ä. \h kwJy þ H³]Xv F¶ kwJy þChnsS hnh-£nXw hyà-a-Ã. ]¯n-t\m-sSm¯v þ ] v ]qÀW-X-sb-¡p-dn-¡p¶ kpJy-bm-hmw. ]¯pIÂ]-\-I-fp-am-Imw. CsXms¡ km[n-¡p-¶Xv ssZh-t¯m-SpÅ kvt\lw, A\y-a-\p-jy-tcm-SpÅkvt\lw F¶o hnin-jvS-aq-ey-§Ä sImm-Wv.

561þ565þ kt½mZw þ kt´m-j-t¯m-sS. X¯-cp-hnÂ þ B hr£- nÂ. Bekyw þ £oWw. ic-W-a-Xp-sImv ic-W-a-Xn-\mJym þ AXp c£-\ÂIp-¶-Xp-sImv AXn\p ic-W-sa-¶p-t]À. HuÀhm- n-I- nÂ þ kap-{Zm-ánbpsS a[y- nÂ. D]hn F¶ t]tcmSp IqSnb kzcq]s¯ tkhn-¡p-I. \Ãkz`m-h-ap-Å-h\pw D]-Imcw sN¿p-¶-h\pw tem`-t{Im-[m-Zn-I-fn-Ãm- -h\pw Icp-WmÀ{Z-amb a\-kp-Å-hp-am-W-bmÄ. ]pWy- nsâ ae-ap-I-fnÂ \n¶n-d§n XmW hgn-bn-eqsS at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Zn¡nÂsN¶p ]mÀ¡mw.

566þ570 aRvPp-f-apÅ Znin þ at\m-l-c-amb tZiw. ZpcpjvWw þ ITn-\-amb NqSv. kpc- n-bp-Xþ kuc-`y-ap-Å. X{X þ Ahn-sS. bYmÀ° Úm\n, Ht«sd hnin-jvS-amb KpW-§-fpÅ Ah-bnÂ {i²n- n«v\Ã Úm\- nsâ ]pjv]s¯ kt´m-j-t¯msS FSp¯v NqSp-Ibpw aW-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.A§s\ Úm\hpw aSnbpw Al-¦m-chpw aäp _e-lo-\-X-Ifpw CÃm-sX-bm-Ipw. kz´w Úm\-¯nsâ KpWw-sImv Al-¦m-chpw Adn-hn-Ãm-bva krjvSn-¡p¶ Nn -Ifpw ]c-Zq-jW {]h-W-Xbpwaäp-tZm-j-§fpw CÃm-Xm-Ipw.571þ575 kzÀK- n-\-\p-Kp-W-amb {]hr- n-IÄ sN¿m³ tXm¶pw. No¯-¡m-cy-§sf \nµ-tbmsSDt]-£n-¡pw. \·-bpsS B Zn¡n-se- n-¡-gn-ªmÂ]ns¶ ]m]- nsâ hgn-I-fnÂ \S-t¡--Xn-Ã.A§-s\sb-s -¦nepw {]tem- -\-ap-m-bmÂ AXp ]cn-l-cn-¡m-\pÅ a{´w ]d-ªp-X-cmw. Cu Huj[wFÃm-hn-[-amb hym[n-IÄ¡pw ]cn-lm-c-am-Wv. kIe KpW-§-tfmSpw IqSn ]cm-]-c-\mb ssZhtakI-e-Xn-t\-¡mfpw A[n-I-ambn F¶mÂ kvt\ln-¡-s -Sp-hm³ A§v tbmKy-\m-Wv. A§v Dt]-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-sbms¡ Rm\pw Ft¸mgpw Dt]-£n-¡p-¶p. Rm³ sNbvXp-t]m-bXpw thZ-hn-]-co-X-am-b-Xp-amb ]m]-§sf Rm³ shdp-¡p-¶p.

576þ580 Cu a{´w P]n- p-I-gn-ªm-ep-Ss\ aSn-Iq-SmsX ]m]-taäp ]d-ªp-t]-£n-¡-Ww. At¸mÄBßm-hnsâ tcmKhpw \o§pw. ]m]Ipäw £an- n-Sp-Ibpw sN¿pw, FÃm thZ-\-Ifpw amdpw. BtcmKywe`n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. GI-\mbn s]cp-h-gn-bn-eqsS \S-¡-cp-sX¶v sNmÃp-tÃm. F¶mÂ ]pWy-¯nsâ hgn-bnÂ \S-¡p-t¼mÄ GI-\m-s\¶ bw th. GI-\m-bmÂt¸mepw [À½- nsc ]mX-bn-eqsS \S-¡-Ww. ]ng-h-gnþ sXämb hgn. [Àa-]-Ùmhv þ [Àa- nsâ hgn.

581þ585 kpIr-X-tk-hn-IÄ þ ]pWyw sNbvX-hÀ. kaq-lmev]w þ Aev]w kaq-lw, sNdnb Iq«w.kzwhn\m þ [\-an-Ãm- . ]c-amÀ°w þ kXy-k-Ô-·mÀ. KÀh-lo\w þ Ffn-b-hÀ. Zo\À þ tcmKwsImv Ah-i-cm-b-hÀ. Akm-c-·mÀ þ \nkm-c-·mÀ. AhÀ \nkm-c-·m-cm-sW¶p IcpXn Ah-cp-am-bn-S-SpÅ Iq«mbva Dt]-£n-¡p-hm-\pÅ Zpjvt{]-cW shSn-bWw. bYmÀ°- nÂ Cu temI- nseXpÑ-amb em`-§Ä XyPn¨ kÂKp-W-]qÀW-cmWv ChÀ. tam£s¯ At]-£n¨v Cu temIs¯k¼- p-IÄ hyÀY-sa¶p {Kln¨v shÅnbpw kzÀW-hp-sams¡ Dt]-£n- -hÀ. Ima-t{Im-[m-Zn-IsfPbn¨v A[n-I-amb Xt]m-_ew t\Sn hnin-jvS-amb D]-hm-kw, Pbw, hn\bw XpS-§nb ]pWy-§ÄsImv tim`n-¡p¶ t{ijvT-hy-àn-IÄ Xs¶. Ahsc ]qÀW-amb BZ-c-thmsS ]n´p-S-c-Ww. AXn\vaSntbm Xma-ktam Acp-Xv. A§s\ kw`-hn- mÂ Iogvt]m-«p-hoWv IS-¶p-t]mb hgn-bnÂ¯s¶Xncn-s¨- pw.

591þ595 ià-amb Hgp-¡pÅ ]pg-bnÂ taÂt¸m«p t]mIp-t¼mÄ Ip-I-fn-f-Im-Xn-cp-¶mÂ shÅwXmtgm-s«m-gp-Ipw-t]mse \S-¡msX aSn-]n-Sn- p-\n-¶mÂ ico-c- nsâ mc- mÂ Xmtgm-«p-ho-gp-I-Xs¶sN¿pw. CsXms¡ HmÀ¯v \nc- -c-amb thK-X-tbmsS i{Xp-hnsâ amb-Isf hI-h-bv¡msX \S-¡-Ww. icnbmb hgn-bn-eq-sS-b-ÃmsX \S-¡-cp-Xv. hgn-sX-än-bpÅ bm{X Ft¸mgpw A]-I-S-am-bn-cn-¡pw.



£oWw Dm-Im-Xn-cn-¡m³ kz´w `mcw If-b-Ww.

596þ600 t{ijvT-amb hn\-b-t¯msS tZls¯ c£n-¡-Ww. qan-bnse a\p-jy-tcmSv Aen-hp-m-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw thWw. Ft¸mgpw icn sN¿m³ {i²n-¡-Ww. `£-W-t¯m-SpÅ Aan-X-amb A{KlwDt]-£n-¡-Ww. C¯cw {]hr- n-IÄsImv kÂKpWw BÀPn-¡m³ Ign-bpw. kXzcw þ s]s«-¶v.D{K-tadpw þ \s¶ DbÀ¶. ]Àh-X- nsâ apI-fnÂ ]e-hn-[- n-epÅ cXv\-§Ä hnf-bp-¶p. Ah-bn-te-ähpw DXvIr-jvSw., Bß-Úm\w, ssZh- -bw. hnNm-cw, Bß-i-àn, t_m[w, kpÚm-\w., `ànF¶o Fgp cXv\-§-f-t{X.

601þ605 awK-f-I-c-amb Cu ]Àh-Xm-{K- nse {][m\ cXv\- nsâ \ndw BImi- n-tâ-Xp-Xs¶. kq£n-¨p-t\m-¡n-bmÂ, qan-bnse hkvXp-¡-sfÃmw B ip -I-c-amb kz`m-h-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-bm-sW¶p ImWmw.Aip-²-amb Ah XoÀ -bmbpw \nµy-am-bn-t¯m-¶pw. kpa-e-bpàw þ Aip-²w. F¶mÂ ]Àh-Xm-{K-¯nse cXv\-§-fnÂ kzÀtem-I-{]-Im-i- nsâ AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb {]Xn- -e-\-amWv ImWp-¶-Xv. A[ym-ß-{]-Imiw t{ib-kvI-c-amb Adnhp-\ÂIpw. _p²n sXfn-bp-Ibpw a\-knsâ kt´m-j-t¯msS, At\IwKpW-§-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \oebpw shÅbpw IeÀ¶ cXv\-t -¡m-Wm³ Ign-bpw.

606þ610 Idp¯ hÀWw \nXy-amb k´m-]- nsâ Adnhp \ÂIp-¶p. shfp¯ \ndw t{ijvT-ambKpW-§-fpsS kvac-W-bp-m-¡p-¶p. ssZh- -bw-sIm-v, cp Imcy-§fpw þ AXm-bXv \nXy-ambk´m-]s¯¡pdn- pÅ Adnhpw t{ijvT-Kp-W-§-fpsS kvac-Whpw þ Ft¸mgpw Nnń¨v kzÀK- m-Ky-§Ä t\Sm³ \o Hcp-s¼-Sp-I. aq¶m-as¯ cXv\w hfsc AI-se-bp-Å-sXÃmw Im«n-¯-cp-I-bpwsN¿pw. Btem-N\ sImv CXp-cpw {Kln-¡m³ Ign-bp-a-tÃm. \mem-as¯ cXv\w Gäw at\m-l-c-amb sshc-am-Wn-¡-am-Wv. hfsc _e-apÅ AXv Hcp tXbvam-\hpw kw`hn¡msX FÃm-¡m-e¯pw\ne-\n-ev¡pw. XÃn-bmepw ASn- mepw AXn\v \mi-ap-m-hp-I-bn-Ã.

611þ615 AXv Bß-i-àn-sImv Ft¸mgpw amä-an-ÃmsX \ne-\n-ev¡pw. H¶p-sImpw a\-kn\v `b-ap-m-Ip-I-bn-Ã. A©m-as¯ cXv\-am-Is«, I®m-Sn-sb-¶-t]mse Úm\-¡-®n\v FÃm cq]-§fpwIm«n-s¡m-Sp-¡pw. AsXÃmw t_m[w-sImv thÀXn-cn-s -Sp-¡m\pw Ign-bpw. Aip-²-amb kzÀW-hÀWw sImv AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amWv Bdm-as¯ cXv\w. AXy´w tim`m-b-am-\-amb B cXv\w hnin-jvS-amb Úm\-¯nsâ KpW-a-t{X. tam£- -e-¯nsâ e£W-amb c-X-IXv\w `àn¡v ssZhw\evIp¶ Zm\-amb adp-]-Sn-b-t{X.

616þ620. Ahn-c-X-tamZw þ Ah-km-\n-¡m¯ kt´mjw. D -c-kpJw þ kzÀK-kp-Jw. kzÀKw, tam£wF¶o AÀ°§-fnÂ Chn-sS-sbms¡ D¯-c-sa¶ ]Zw BhÀ¯n- p-h-cp-¶p. ]qÀh ùa-hpw. Du`qan-bnse kpJw s]«¶v CÃm-Xm-Ipw.

621þ626 ]c-tem-I- nÂ e`n-¡m¯ ckw, Bkzm-Zy-a-Ã. (A-XmbXv ùa-amb kt´m-j-§Ä) AXm-kz-Zn-¡m³ XpS-§p-t¼mÄ Zmlw hÀ²n-¡p-I-bmWv sN¿p-¶-Xv. Cu kXyw {Kln- n«v, icn-bmb hgn-sb-¡p-dn- pÅ [mc-W-tbm-sS, Fs¶-t¶-bv¡p-am-bpÅ t{ib-Ên-\mbn ]cn-{i-an-¡p-I. C{Xbpw ]d-ªp-sImv X¯z-_p-[³ btYjvSw \S-¶p. ]d-ª-sXÃmw KpWm-\p-K³ icn-bmbn [cn- p. Aip-²n-¡p-thn kzÀWs¯ XyPn-¡p¶ a\-kmWv `qan-tbm-Sm-kàn ImWn-¡p-¶-sX-¶p-d- p-sImv ,ssZhn-I-amb B\µw kZm Bkz-Zn¨p hkn-¡m-\m-bn, \nkm-c-amb `qansb XyPn-¡m-\pÅ k¶-²-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xm]-k³ Im«n-s¡m-Sp¯ hgn-bnÂ¡q-Sn, KpW{]m-]vXn-¡p-thn bYm-hn[n ]cn-{i-an-¨p.

627þ632. mhn-bnÂ hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ IjvSw AXn- -b-¦-c-sa¶p {Kln v kÖ-\-§-tfm-SpÅ Iq«m-bva-bnÂXmXv]cyw h v, kzÀKo-bm-\-µ- mÂ B{K-l-t¯msS \Ã-h-gn-bn-eqsS Ncn-¡m³ FÃm-hcpw X¿m-dm-bmÂ, AhÀ¡p kt´m-jhpw \nXy-ku- m-Kyhpw ssIh-cpw. AsÃ-¦nÂ bqZm-kn-t\mSpw aäp-]nimNp-¡-fpsS Iq«-t¯mSpw tNÀ¶v Aán-bnÂ Zln- v, c£-bn-ÃmsX \nXy-amb Zpc- - n-teÀs¸«v \ne-hn-fn-tbmsS Zp:Jn¡pw. tJZ-§-sfÃmw Hgn-hm-¡m-\mbn kt´m-js¯ HmÀ v kZm-Nm-c-t¯msS \S-¡p-I-



bm-sW-¦nÂ Zp:J§-fp-m-ImsX tam£-tem-I¯p \nXy-ambn hkn-¡m³ Ign-bpw.

tambn³Ip«n sshZyÀ(1852-þ1892)am¸n-f- m«p kmln-Xy- n\v ka-{KX \ÂInb Ihn-bmWp tambn³Ip-«n-ssh-ZyÀ.-{]-ta-b-k-hn-

ti-j-X-sImpw Km\m-ß-IX sImpw ae-_m-dnse P\-km-am-\ys¯ Gsd kzm[o-\n¨ Ihn-bmWnt±-lw.-\n-c-h[n Xe-ap-d-I-I-fpsS {]W-b-kz-]v\-§sf ]pjvI-e-am-¡nb _Z-dpÂ ap\oÀ lpkv\pÂ PamÂF¶ Hscmä Imhyw-Xs¶ sshZy-cpsS Ihn-{]-Xn- -bpsS Bgw hyà-am-¡pw.-ho-c-ckw Xpfp-¼p¶bpt²-Xn-hr- -§sf B[m-c-am¡n cNn¨ JZÀ ]S- m«v,DlvZv ]S- m-«v, ae- pdw ]S- m«v F¶n-hbpw{it²-b-§-fm-Wv.-C-¶s¯ ae- pdw PnÃ-bnse sImtm-«n-bnÂ 1852 emWv tambn³Ip«n sshZy-cpsSP\-\w.-B-Zy-Im-e v ]¿Â Xz_o_v F¶ Xqen-Im-\maw kzoI-cn- n-cp¶ sshZyÀ ]nÂ¡m-e¯v {]i-kvXn-bpsS ]S-hp-IÄ Hs¶m-¶mbn Ib-dp-I-bp-m-bn.-{]-W-b-Ko-X-§fpw I¯p-]m-«p-Ifpw cNn- p-sIm-mWv sshZyÀ Xsâ Imhy-k-c-Wn¡v XpS¡w Ipdn- -Xv.-Km-\m-ß-I-X-bmWv sshZy-cpsS Imhy-{]-]-©- nsâ apJy-k-hn-ti-j-X.-AÀ°-km-²y-X-Isf _en-I-gn-¡msX Xs¶ i_vZm-e¦m-c-§Ä at\m-l-c-ambn {]tbm-Kn-¡m-\pÅ Ignhv Cu Ihn¡v thdn« hyànXzw \ÂIp-¶p.bp²-cw-K-§Ä hÀWn-¡p-t¼mgpw hoc-ckw Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw BWv sshZy-cpsS Ihn-{]-Xn` IqSp-XÂ Zo]vX-am-hp-¶-Xv.-I-Ym-]m-{X-§Ä¡pÅ angn-hmÀ¶ hyàn-Xz-amWv asämcp khn-ti-j-X._Z-dpÂ ap\oÀ lpkv\pÂPamense IYm]m-{X-k-ao-]\w DZm-l-c-Ww.bYm-X-Y-amb A -co-£-kr-jvSn,-AÀ°-]qÀW-amb Ae-¦m-c-{]-tbm-K-§Ä,-]-Zu-Nn-Xyw,- m-h- nsâ {Ian-I-amb hnImkw XpS§n Ht«sd LS-I-§Ä sshZyÀIr-Xn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv.Ad-_n-a-e-bmfhpw am¸n-f- m-«p-Ifpw

Xangvan{i-amb ]m«v,kw-kvIr-X-an-{i-amb aWn-{]-hmfw F¶-Xp-t]mse Ad-_nbpw ae-bm-fhpwtNÀ¶ Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw Fs¶mcp `mj am¸n-f-amÀ¡n-S-bnÂ {]Nm-c- n-ep-v.Cu `mjbv¡v kz -amb Hcp en]n k{¼-Zmbw t]mep-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p.Cu en]n-bnÂ Hcp Ime¯p ]{X-§fpw amkn-I-Ifpw {]kn-²o-I-cn- n-cp-¶p.-A©p \qäm-nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw \nc-h[n ]Zy-Ir-Xn-I-fp-apÅ hn]p-e-amsbmcpkmln-Xy-k-¼ v Ad_n ae-bm-f¯n-\p-v.-A-Xnse ]Zy-im-J-bmWv am¸n-f- m-«p-IÄ.{]mkhpw Xmfhpw\ne-\nÀ¯p¶ Imcy- nÂ am¸n-f- m-«p-IÄ henb \njvIÀj h¨p-]p-eÀ¯p-¶p.-kwkvIm-c-k-a-\z-b-¯n-sâ-sb-¶-t]mse `mjm-k-a-\z-b- n-sâbpw Awi-§Ä-FÃm am¸nf¸m«p-I-fnepw ImWmw. Ad-_n,-kw-kvIrXw, Xan-gv, lnµp-Øm-\n,-]mÀkn,-I-¶S XpS-§nb mj-I-fnse ]Z-§Ä kpe- -ambn am¸n-f- m-«nÂ ImWmw.-CuWw, Xmfw, {]mkw F¶n-h-tbmSv H¯p-t]m-Im³ thn GXp- m-j-bnÂ\n¶pwhm¡v kzoI-cn-¡pI F¶-XmWv am¸n-f- m«v Fgp-Xp-¶-h-cpsS s]mXp-th-bpÅ coXn.

kwKo-X- n\p ap³Xq-¡-apÅ Hcp Km\-im-J-bmWv am¸n-f- m-«v. Hcp ]m«v am¸n-f- m-«mtWmF¶p Xocp-am-\n-¡m-\pÅ D]m-[n-I-fnÂ {][m\w AXp ]mSn-t¡Ä¡p-I-bm-Wv.-am- n-f- m-«p-I-fnse CuW-¯nsâ Xmf-{Iaw CiÂ F¶m-W-dn-b-s -Sp-¶-Xv.-sXm-¦Â,-sIm-¼v,-B-Zn-A- w,-]p-Ib\mÀ XpS§n Ht«sdCi-ep-I-fp-v.-C-i-ep-I-fpsS ASn-Øm\w {Zmhn-U-Km-\-co-Xn-bm-Wv.-A-d_n CuWhpw {Zmhn-U-Xm-fhpwam¸n-f- m-«nsâ kwKo-X- nÂ ka-\z-bn-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p-¶p.

I-¼n,-I-gp¯v, hmÂ¡-¼n,-hm-ep-½Â¡¼n F¶n-h-bmWv am¸n-f- m-«nse {][m\ {]mk-hyh-Ø-IÄ.Hcp ]mZ- nse Hmtcm JWvU- n-tâbpw BZym-£cw kam-\-am-hWw F¶ \n_-Ô-\-bmWv I¼n. BZym-£-c-{]m-k-sat¶m ]mZmÀ²m-Zn-{]m-k-sat¶m ]d-bmw. ]m«p-km-ln-Xy- nÂ¡m-Wp¶ tam\ Xs¶-bm-WnXv. ZznXo-bm-£-c-{]m-k-amWv Igp- v. \me-Sn-bnÂ FÃm ASn-bp-sSbpw cm-as¯ A£cw kam-\-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. ]m«nse FXpI Xs¶-bm-Wn-Xv.A´ym-£-c-§Ä¡p hcp¶kam-\-X-bmWv hmÂ¡-¼n.-]-Zm-h-km-\- n-epÅ ]Ztam A£-ctam sImv ASp¯ ]mZw Bcw- n-¡p-¶-XmWv hmep-½ÂI-¼n.

_Z-dpÂ ap\oÀ lpkv\pÂ PamÂsshZy-cpsS IrXn-I-fnÂ Gähpw {]ikvXw Hcp t]cvjy³ {]W-b-IY CXn-hr- -am-¡nb

_Z-dpÂ ap\oÀ lpkv\pÂ PamÂ F¶ {]W-b-Im-hy-am-Wv.AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb hÀW-\-IÄsImva[p-tcm-Zm-c-amWv Cu IrXn.

]nXm-hnsâ CÑ-bvs¡-Xn-cmbn a{´n-Ip-am-c-\mb _Z-dpÂap-\o-dns\ kvt\ln-¡p-Ibpw KXy- -



c-an-ÃmsX Abm-sfbpw Iq«n \mSp-hn-t«m-Sp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p lpkv\pÂ PamÂ cmP-Ip-am-cn.-H-fn-t¨m«wBkq-{XWw sN¿p-¶Xpw ap³ssI FSp-¡p-¶Xpw cmP-Ip-amcn Xs¶.B bm{X-bnÂ kml-N-cy-h-imÂ Imap-I³ ssIhn-«p-t]m-b-t¸mÄ AhÄ ]nXm-hnsâ sIm«m-c- n-te¡v aS-§p-¶n-Ã.-Im-ap-Is\At\z,#n¨p Is- m³ hn[nsb shÃp-hn-fn¨p ap³t]m«p t]mIp-¶p. B t]m¡nÂ Xsâ icocwIman- p-h¶ BWp-§f-sbÃmw hm¡p-sImpw hmfp-sImpw t\cn«v tXmev]n-¡p-¶XmWv Cu{]a-b-Im-hy- nse IY.-I-¼n,-I-gp¯v, hmÂ¡-¼n,-hm-ep-½Â¡¼n XpS-§nb {]mk-hy-h-ØIsfÃmwCu IrXn ]men-¡p-s¶-s¶p ImWmw.

CiÂþ Bcw`]qa-I-fms\ lpkv\pÂ PamÂ]p¶m-c- mfw anIs´ _ohntla-§Ä sa¯ ]Wn Nn¯ncwB`-c-W-t¡mh AWn´ _ohn\ma-§-sf®n¸d-ªmÂ Xocm\h-c-Xv\- n-¦mcw ]q _ohnIm¬am-\-¡m-gvN-¡-Zr- -sa´mwI¯pw XJv¯nÂ acp§pw _ohn.

ac-X-I- p-Inepw sRmdn-ªp-Sp¯vamWn-Iyss¡ cs-dn´p hoin]cp-¡n- -e-ap-Snbpw Ip\n¯vs]cp-am³ Ifp¯pw Ncn- pw-sImvIcn-t]mÂ CS¯pw he- o-«q¶oI¬]oen sh«n- p-g-äo-S-enÂ]cn-\qÂa-Z\w Xcn- -t\m¡pw]hn-g-s¸m³ Npmse ]p©n-cn¯pw.]p©n-cn- -¶-\-S- m-b-enÂ]qam-\-t¯hn hc-hp-X-¶nÂX©-§Ä Pn¶pw a\p-hÀ ImÂX³t]mXw hn«p aZ-s -Spta]©-hÀW-¡nfn cmP-]q-amÄ]ncniw _Z-dpÂap-\o-sd-s¡mÅms\©-¡-S-enÂ Xnf¨ lpºvt\iw ]ncn-bm-Xn-cn¡pw \mfnÂ

\ma-¡-cp- ³ _Z-dpÂap-\oÀ\mfpIw H¯w ]cp-j-cnssÃXmac ]q¡pw apJs¯ ImÂtX\mÀ Nnd¡pw ]b¡w tI«mÂkmaod hm¡pw Zp\n-IÄ cmKwkwKo-X-I-eymWn ]mSpw \mIwIman\n Pn³ a\p ]qam-XÀIÄImÂ aXn-a-d-¶n³km-se- pw.

AÀ°hpw Bi-bhpw

B`-c-W-t¡mh þ B`-c-W- nsâ Iq«w, Nn¦mcw þ kuµ-cyw, AZr- wþ ]pXp-a,-XJv¯v þknwlm-k-\w, acp§pw þ acp-hp¶,]-cp-¡nþ t\sc-bm-¡n,-]-cn-\qÂ aZ\w þ ISn-ªm-WpÅ irwKm-c-



tN-jvS,-X-cn¯ þ [cn- , NmbÂ þ ab-¡w,-X³ t]mXw hn«vþ X³ t_m[w hn«v,-lp-ºv-þ-kvt\-lw,-\m-fp-Iw-þ-\mÄs¸m-cp- w,-]-b¡w þ kwkm-c-coXn,km-aod hm¡v þ kzm[o-\n-¡m³ t]m¶ mj-Ww, C³km-se¯pw þ B\-µ-aqÀÑ {]m]n-¡pw.

]qa-I-fmb lpkv\pÂ PamÂ kuµ-cy- nsâ anI¨ Xmf-ap-Å-h-fm-bn-cp-¶p.-a-t\m-l-c-§-fmbH«-\-h[n kzÀWm- -c-W-§Ä AhÄ¡p-m-bn-cp-¶p.-A-h-fpsS B`-c-W-§-fpsS t]cp-IÄ F®n- -d-ªmÂ Xocp-I-bn-Ã.-\-h-c-Xv\-§fpsS tim` AhÄ¡p-m-bn-cp-¶p.-D-Öz-e-amb knwlm-k-\- nÂAhÄ tim`n- p.

ac-X-I- «p sRmdn-ªp-Sp¯v amWn-Iy-ss¡-IÄ Fdn-ªp-hoin Xe-apSn hnSÀ¯n-bn«v am\n-tâ-Xp-t]m-epÅ Igp v Ncn- p-]n-Sn¨v \S-¶p-h-cp¶ B kpµ-cn-bpsS hchv B\-bpsS \S- w-t]mseat\m-l-c-am-Wv. Ah-fpsS hnem-k-tN-jvS-IÄ¡p \nb-{ -W-ap-v.-]-hn-g-s¸m³ Npp-sImv AhÄ]p©n-cn-¡p-¶p.

Ah-fpsS ]p©n-cn- pÅ ab-¡hpw \S- hpw a«pw-am-Xn-cnbpw ImWp-¶Xv Pn¶p-I-fm-bmepwa\p-jy-cm-bmepw AhÀ kzbw-a-d¶p Ima-hn-h-i-cmIpw.]-©hÀW-¡n-fn-bmb Cu cmP-Ip-am-cn-bpsS{]nbw _Z-dpÂap-\o-dn-t\m-Sm-bn-cp-¶p. B kvt\lw A\-iz-c-am-bn-cp-¶p.

{]i-kvX-\m-bn-cp¶p _Z-dpÂ ap\oÀ.-A-h-t\-t¸mse \mÄs¸m-cp- -apÅ asäm-cp-h³ Dm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.-A-hsâ apJw ImÂ Xmac hnScpw. Ahsâ kw`m-jWw tI«mÂ \Zn kzbw Nnd-sI«n\nÂ¡pw. Ahsâ t{ijvT- m-jWw tI«mÂ kzÀ¤w ]m«p-]m-Sp-¶-Xp-t]mse tXm¶n- n-cp-¶p.-Im-an-\n-I-fmb Pn¶p-Ifpw a\p-jy-kv{Xo-Ifpw Ahs\ Hcp t\m¡p ImWm-\n-S-bm-bmÂ AhÀ aXn-a-d¶v B\-µ-aqÀÑ {]m]n-¡pw.

samUypÄ 5abqcktµiw

tIcfhÀ½ henbtImbn¯¼qcm³ (1845 þ 1914)

N§\mtÈcn e£vao]pc¯p sIm«mc¯nÂ P\n¨ tIcfhÀ½ {]mYanI hnZym`ymkw Ignªv]¯mas¯ hbÊnÂ Xncph´]pc¯v t]mbn A½hm\mb cmPcmPhÀ½bpsSIqsS Xmakn¨vA¡me¯v cmPm¡·mÀ ]cnioen¡mdpÅ hnZyIfnsÃÃmw {]mhoWyw k¼mZn¨p. kwkvIrXw ,Cw¥ojv apXemb `mjIfnÂ am{XaÃ ImbnIm`ymk¯nepw \ncćw ]cn{iaw sImv At±lwAXy´w {]Kev \mbn¯oÀ¶p.Bbneyw Xncp\mÄ almcmPhnsâ mKnt\bnbmb e£van`mbnsbhnhmlw Ign¡bmÂ henbtImbn¯¼qcm\mbn. almcmPmhntâbpw CfbcmPmhmb hnimJwXncp\mfntâbpw {]oXn]m{Xambn¡gnªncp¶ tIcfhÀ½bv¡v Ime{ItaW almcmPmhnsâXncphpÅt¡Sn\mÂ t¢int¡nh¶p. CtXhsc hyàambn«nÃm¯ GtXm ImcW¯mÂalmcmPmhv henbtImbn ¼qcms\ XS¦enem¡n (1875). BZyw Be¸pgs¡m«mc¯nepw ]n¶oSvlcn¸m«p sIm«mc¯nepambn A©ps¡mÃt¯mfw XS¦enÂ hkn¨tijw Bbneyw Xncp\mfnsâ\ncymWt¯mSpw hnimJw Xncp\mfnsâ knwlmk\mtcmlWt¯mSpw IqSnbmWv At±lwhnapà\mbXv.

henbtImbn¯¼qcmsâ ]n¶oSpÅ PohnXw {KlWhnapà\mb kqcys\t¸msetXtPmabambncp¶p. kmlnXyN{IhÀ¯nbmbpw aäptIÄhns¸« At±l¯n\v cmPymhIminbpsSAÑ\mIm\pÅ alm`mKyw am{Xw e`n¡bpmbnÃ. Ip«nIfpmIm¯Xn\mÂ B Z¼XnIfpsSAýImew timImIpeambn¯oÀ¶p. {]ob]Xv\nbpsS \mat[bw kmlnXy¯neqsSsb¦nepwimizXam¡wsa¶ B{Klw sImmhWw tIcfhÀ½ A¼Xmas¯ hbÊnÂ (1894)abqcktµisagpXnbXv. A¡me¯v Cu ktµiImhyw FÃmhcptSbpw {]iwkbv¡v ]m{Xambn.kaImenIcnÂ \n¶p \ncp]m[nIambn AwKoImcw e`n¡p¶ IrXnIÄ ZpÀeàmWv. `mhnbpsS]co£bnÂ kzXÊn²amb al¯zw sXfnbn¨v X§Ä¡pw IÀ¯m¡Ä¡pw Imem ć¯nÂbiÊmÖn¡p¶hbmWv {]kn² IrXnIÄ ]eXpw. abqcktµi¯n\mhs« P\\Ime¯pIn«ntbSt¯mfw A`n\µ\w C¶p In«p¶ptm F¶v kwibamWv. {KÙImc\v kaImenIkapZmb¯nepÅ biÊv {KÙ¯nsâ {]Nmc¯n\p {][m\am sbmcp ImcWamsW¶p ]dbmsXh¿. AtXmsS¸w, IqSpXembpw kwkvIrX kmln Xy¯n\v AhImis¸« Ihnbmb henbtImbn¯¼qcmsâ aebmf`mjm tkh\s¯ IrXÚXtbmsS kvacn¡pIbpw thWw.At±l¯nsâ imIp´fw XÀÖbpw abpcktµihpw aebmfkmlnXy¯n\p



apXÂ¡q«pXs¶bmWv. Hcp \qämp {]mbapÅ kmlnXys¯ C¶s¯ am\ZWvUw sImpAf¡p¶Xv \njv]£ambncn¡bnÃsÃm. kwkvIrX kmlnXy¯n\pw kwkvIrX {][m\ambaWn{]hmf¯n\pw {]NmcapÅ Imeambncp¶p tIcfhÀ½bptSXv. aebmf¯nsâ \thm°m\¯n\p Xd¡Ãn«vXv tIcfhÀ½bmsW¶p ]dbmw. kwkvIrX¯nsâ B[n]Xy¯nÂ \n¶pkzmX{ýw t\Sn Imenepd¨p \nÂ¡phm³ aebmfs¯ A`ykn¸n¨Xpw asämcmfÃ.aebmfIhnXbv¡v ZznXobbm£c{]mkw \nÀ_ÔamsW¶v A`n{]mb s¸SpIam{XaÃ,FXncmfnItfmSp \o hmZkacw \S¯n hnPbn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvX `mjmkvt\lnbmWptIcfhÀ½ henbtImbn¯¼qcm³.

]men¡m\mbv `ph\aJnew `pXte PmX\mb¡men¡p«w IenXIpXpIw Im¯ I®¶p `àym]oent¡msem¶SnaecnÂ \o ImgvNbmbv hkn¨ntSWssaens¡«nÂ XncpIpaXns\¯n¨bmbv `àZmwk³ ( II,19 )

F¶pw aäpw abpcktµi¯nÂ aebmf¯n\p kzámb amÀ¤w sh«s¯fn¨psImSp¯ncn¡p¶p. `mjbpsS Imepd¨n«pthWasÃm AXn\p IemkrjvSn¡pÅ NmXpcywssIhkam¡phm³ AXn\mÂ cN\m `wKn¡pthnbpÅ ]cn{ia¯n\nSbnÂ kmlnXyaqeywAev]w Ipdªpt]mbmepw A¶s¯ IhnIsf A[nIw Ipäw ]dbm\mhnÃ. henbtImbn¯¼qcm³tIhew Ihn am{Xambncp¶nÃ, mjmt]mj W¯nÂ XmÂ]cyw {]ZÀin¸n¨v kmlnXy¯nÂ Hcp\thm°m\¯n\v ASnØm\an« alm\pw IqSnbmWv. aebmf¯nse KZyimJbv¡v At±l¯nsâ]mWnkv]Ài\ taÂ¡p¶Xphsc ]db¯¡ km[pXztam kujvShtam Dmbncp¶nÃ.`mjmKZy¯n\p tIcfsam«p¡v sFIycq]yw hcp¯phm³ klmbn¨Xpw At±l¯nsâIrXnIÄXs¶bmWv F¶v DÅqÀ At±ls¯ {]iwkn¡p¶pv. sSIvÌv _q¡v I½nänbpsSA²y£\mbncp¶v kvIpfnÂ aebmf KZy]cnioe\¯n\v ASnØm\an«Xv tIcfhÀ½henbtImbn¯¼qcm\mWv. BIÀjIamb KZy¯nÂ ]e D]\ymk§fpw AIv_À F¶ t\mhepwkzbw FgpXn KZyImc·mÀ¡v amIrI ImWn¨pX¶ X¼qcmt\mSv aebmf`mj F¶pw ISs¸«ncn¡pw.

abqcktµiw`mjmt]mjnWnbnemWv abqcktµiw BZyambn {]kn²oIcn¨Xv.1069 taSw e¡¯nÂ

]qÀÆ`mKhpw 1070 Nn§w e¡¯nÂ D¯c`mKhpw {]Xy£s¸«p._Ô\tamN\¯n\p tijwGXmp 14 hÀjw IgnªmWp IrXn cNn¡s¸«sX¦nepw ImcmKrlhmka\p`hn¡pt¼mÄktµiabbv¡p¶XmbmWv k¦ev]n¨ncn¡p¶Xv .abqcktµiw B[p\nIamb HcpIrXnbmsW¦nepw AXnse ]e tÇmI§Ä¡pw ]mTmćw Iev]n¨n«pÅXmbnImWmw.]Zyinev]¯nÂ Z¯{i²\mbncp¶ tIcfhÀa inev]kuµcy¯n\p thn kzIrXnIfpsSaqe]mT§Ä ]cnjvIcn¡pI ]Xnhmbncp¶p.AXpsImpXs¶ mjmt]mjnWn ]mT¯nÂ\n¶p]eamä§fpw {KÙcq]¯n\pmbncp¶p.

hniZ]T\w : abqcktµiw (]qÀÆ`mKw)

{ioam³ h©n£nXn]Xn `pPwKÀ£P³ e£anbmIpwkmam\y hns«gpapcpKpWt`mKbmw `mKnt\bnwt{]ahmk{]nbXa hntbmK¯n\memÀ¯nbm¡nÊoamXntX IZ\Pe[u tIcfw XÅnhn«m³.

CjvS{]mtWizcnbpsS hntbmK¯n\mepw \ct{µZznjvSXz¯msemcph\pfhmw am\\jvS¯n\mepwIjvSs¸«p¸pcpjs\mcp \me©psImÃw Ign¨m³ZnjvSt¡SmÂ hcphXp ]colmcanÃm¯XtÃm.

BhnÝn´m`cah\cp¸m«p hmtWmcp Imtetkhn¡m\mbv Kpls\sbmcp\mfmØbm t]mbt\cw



`mhnt{ib: ]nip\iI\w Ipt]mÂ \oeIWvTtImhnÂs¡«nÂIzN\ `KhZzml\w taml\mwKw.

sImÂt¡mfmÂIenXIpXpIw ]oensbÃmw ]c¯nþs¡mt¡In {]hc\gtImSm«amSp¶ `wKowI¡mao \nPIa\nbmw \oethWow \n\¨nþ«nÂt¡äw hiK\hnsS¯s¶ anmsX\n¶m³

k´m]Lvaw kIePKXmw kvIµt\ hµ\w sNþ¿sX´mbmepw hnjaanXn\amse¶pansÃ¶pd¨vNn´maá³ NncahnsS\n¶½bqcs¯mtShwl´mXy´w ]ceiXbmećwtKW sNm¶m³.

[\ymßmth ! JKhc! Pbn¨mepsa¶nÂ {]kmZn þ¨\ymb¯megenepgeps¶s¶ \o Xm³ XpWbv¡vh\ymhmtk hnlK\nhtl _mlpteb³ {Kln¨m þ\\ymkm[mcWKpWKWw Im¬IbmÂXs¶ \nt¶]mcnÂ ]mÀ¯menlm ^WnIpew X¶nÂ \nt¶mSp XpeywsshcnXzw]qsmcp ]XKamw ]{Xtadn¨cn¡pwiucn¡pw Xzmw{]Xn aaXbmÂXs¶ \n³ ]yjvTeáw{`cn{iotNÀs¶mcp X\pcplw ar²\n NqSp¶p tZh³.

BImc¯n³kpjabnXpt]mteXp]£n¡p ]mcnÂ?tIImcmhw {ihWkpJZw tIÄ¡ntem Xr]vXnbmImtemI\µ{]ZakZriw \r¯hpw tX iIpt´!timIm\mw ta ip`KpW! `mh\oi\mw \mi\mb.

Zq\w ZqcØXnXZbnX\mtbXpamizmkanÃmþtX\w Zo\w P\a\pI\nsªm¶p sNbvXmepant¸mÄkym\µqcw ]pchcaXnÂ sN¶p aÂ {]mW\mYþbv¡m\µw \obcpfpI ]dsªsâ ktµihmIyw.

]£nt{ijvT! kzbahnsS \o t]mInse³{]mW \mYmwe£n¨\ymZri kpjasImmip `ptemIe£aowA£nZzµzw Xh kêamw., In© XÂ{]mWs\Êwþc£n¨pmsamcp KpcpXcw ]pWyhpw KWyatÃm.

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cpw aq¶pw XhW Irjntbäp¶ I§tfbpwhpw Rpw hSnshmSp Ifn¡p¶ IÑ§tfbpw



Xpw sI«n¯csamSp Ncn¡p¶ hÅ§tfbpwIpw sIms¨dp]pgIÄX³ XocamÀt¤Wt]mI.

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IÅw ssIhn«cbfhäpÅ ssIbq¡pIbvs¡mþpÅw X¶nÂ kab`cnXcmbv aÕcn¡pw Zimbmw

233



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{ioa¯z¯mÂ ZsamSp PKÂ{]mWs\¯n¶p \¶mbvkmaÀ°yt¯mSln`bapZn¸n¨ `qao]Xn¡pw



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FÃmao£n¨hnsS hgntb sXÃp Zpcw ]d¶nþ



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tNe- -d-¼sâ tÇmIw t\m¡p-I:""aqSn-Ãm-s¯mcp app-sImp apSnbpw aqSn«p h³ IäbpwNqSn-s¡m--cn-hmÄ ]pd¯p XncpIn {]m©n-¡n-X- -§s\



\mS³ I -bp-Sp¯p ta\n-ap-gp-h³ tNdpw ]pc-n-s¸m-gnþ¸mS- o¶p hcp¶ \n³ hchp It-sd-s¡m-Xn-¡p¶p Rm³''

sh¬aWn {]Øm-\- nsâ {]mZpÀ`m-h- n\p Imc-W-ambsX¶p Icp-Xp¶ Cu tÇmIw ] -a-e-bmfw IqSn-bmWv.{]kn² \ncq-]-I\pw ]{Xm-[n-]cpw Bbn-cp¶ kn.-]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\msâ Hcp {]kvXm-h-amWv ] -a-e-bmfw Hcp {]Øm-\-ambn hf-cm³ CS-bm-¡n-b-Xv. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§sf ]mtS hÀÖn¨vNne Hä tÇmI-§tfm atäm Na-bv¡m-sa-¶-ÃmsX Hcp Imhyw apgp-h-\mbn ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ Fgp-Xm³ Ign-bp-I-bn-sÃ¶v At±lw Ipªn-¡p-«³ X¼p-cm-t\mSv A`n-{]m-b-s -«p. B {]kvXmhw icn-b-sÃ¶pw Hcp Imhyw apgp-h-\m-bn- -s¶ ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ Fgp-Xm-sa¶pw Ipªn-¡p-«³ X¼p-cm³ hmZn- p. "\Ã `mj' F¶ Hcp IrXn-c-Nn¨v At±lw AXv ANyp-X-ta-t\m³ Xs¶ ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bpÅ hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n-bnÂ {]kn-²-s -Sp¯n (Xpemw 1066). A\p-I-c-W-hm-k\ apän \n¶n-cp¶ HcpIme¯v X¼p-cmsâ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn¨v ]ecpw ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-IÄ cNn-¡m³ apt¶m«p h¶p. F¶mÂhf-sc-thKw ]pXp-abpw {]k-ànbpw \jvS-s -«p-t]mb B {]Øm\w £bn¨p t]mIp-Ibpw kmln-Xy-N-cn-{X- nse kvac-I-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

sh¬aWn{]Øm-\hpw ]¨-a-e-bm-fhpw

{]kn²-amb sh¬aWn{]-Øm-\- nsâ {]tbm-àm-¡-fmb {]apJ Ihn-IÄ Xs¶-bmWv ]ä-e-bm-f- n-sâbpw cN-bn-Xm-¡Ä F¶-Xp-sImv ] -a-e-bm-f-s¯-¡p-dn- pÅ GXp ]T-\hpw sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bnÂ \n¶p am{Xta XpS-§m-\m-hp. DÅq-cnsâ A`n-{]m-b- nÂ 1835 Â XpS-§p-Ibpw 1875Â e_v[-{]-Xn-jvT-t\-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX {]Øm-\-am-bn-cp¶p sh¬aWn{]Øm-\w. ImÂ]-\nI Ihn-X-bpsS {]mcw- -Z-i-bmb 20þmw \qäm-nsâ BZy-Z-i-I-t¯msS B {]Øm\w \ma-h-ti-j-am-bn- o-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¦nepw Hcp Ime-L-«- nse Imhym- n-cpNn hf-sc-tbsd {]I-S-am-¡nb {]Øm-\-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. sImSp-§-ÃqÀ tImhn-e-I-t¯mSp _Ô-s¸« Ihn-X-¡-f-cn-bm-bn-cp¶p sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bpsS iàn-t{km-X-Êv. sh¬aWn AÑ³, sh¬aWn al³, Hd-h-¦c \oe-I-WvT³ \¼q-Xn-cn,ioshmÅn \mcm-b-W³ \¼q-Xn-cn, Im¯p-ÅnÂ ANyp-X-ta-t\m³, Ipªn-¡p-«³ X¼p-cm³, IpqÀ\mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³, HSp-hnÂ Ipªn-¡r-jvW-ta-t\m³ XpS§n At\Iw ap³\n-c-¡mcpw F{XtbmA[nIw ]n³\n-c-¡mcpw sh¬a-Wn-{]-Øm-\s¯ Hc-Jn-e-tI-cf ImthymÂk-h-am¡n amän-bn-cp-¶p.

sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-IÄ

1. `mjm-]-c-amb emfnXyw

kwkvIrX hn`-ày- -§fpw A{]-kn-²-§-fmb kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§fpw Ihn-X-bn-ep-t]-£n-¡m-\pÅ{]h-WX hÀ²n- n- p. kw`m-j-W- m-j-bnÂ am{Xw {]mNm-c- n-en-cp¶ {Kmay-]-Z-§fpw ssieo-hn-ti-j-§fpw Ihn-X-bnÂ ]qÀhm-[nIw IS- n-hn-«p. hr¯m-\p-{]mkw Aý-{]mkw Ch-bnÂ {i²-tI-{µo-I-cn¨v sNmÃm-\pÅ kuIcyhpw IÀW-kp-Jhpw hÀ[n- n- p.

2. hr¯w

hr¯kzo-I-c-W- nÂ sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-IÄ bmYm-Øn-Xn-IXzw ssIsh-Sn-ªn-«n-Ã. emfn-XyhpwHgp¡pw IqSp-X-epÅ `mjm-hr- s¯ AhÀ kzoI-cn- n-Ã. adn¨v kwkvIrX hr¯- nÂ `mjm-]-c-amb emfnXyw ]c-am-h[n Zo£n¨v AhÀ Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xn.

3. CXn-hr- -]-c-amb ]pXpa

]pcmWIY-Isf D]-Po-hn¨v CXn-hr¯w kzoI-cn-¡p¶ ]gb ]mc-¼cyw \ne-\nÀ¯n-b-tXmsSm¸whÀ¯-am-\-Ime kw -h-§fpw sFXn-ly-I-Y-Ifpw shSn-¡-Y-Ifpw Imhy-hn-j-b-am-¡n. hnj-b-KuchwHcp {]iv\-a-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶-Xp-sImv F{X \nÊm-c-Im-cyhpw \nÊm-c-h-kvXphpw Imhy hnj-b-am-¡m³XpS-§n.

4. ên-X-t_m[w

Hcp ên-X-am-kz-Zn-¡pw-t]mse Pohn-Xs¯ Icp-Xn-bn-cp¶ Cu Ihn-IÄ X§-fpsS Imhy- nepw



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Øm\¯pw AØm-\¯pw ^enXw XncpIn kzbw Nncn-¡p-Ibpw aäp-Å-hsc Nncn- n¨p ckn- n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. IhnX F´n-ep-ap-]cn Hcp hnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-bmbn ChÀ Icp-Xn.

5. ]¨-ir-wKmcw

kv{Xo ]pcp-jsâ D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-hm-sW¶ ASn-Øm\ hnNmcw X§-fpsS ]qÀhn-I-cmb aWn-{]-hmf Ihn-I-sf-t¸mse sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-Ifpw ]peÀ¯n-bn-cp-¶p. KWnImXzw kv{Xos¡mcp `qj-W-ambpw hnSXzw ]ucpj- nsâ `mK-ambpw B Ihn-X-I-fnÂ Bhn-jvIr-X-am-bn. Fgp-Xn-b-X-{XbpwirwKm-c-Im-hy-§-f-sÃ-¦nepw irwKmcw amän-h v sh¬a-Wn-¡-hnXsb hne-bn-cp- m³ {ian- mÂ AXvAX-ÃmsX amdn-t¸m-Ipw.

6. Bg-an-Ãmbva

Pohn-Xw-t]mse Ihn-Xbpw hnt\m-tZm-]m[n Bbn-cp-¶-Xp-sImv Pohn-X- nsâ Bg-§-fnÂ AhÀ{i²n- n-Ã. Hcp ]t£ Pohn-X- nÂ Bg-an-Ãm- -Xp-sIm-mImw Ihn-X-bnepw Bg-an-Ãmbva {]I-S-am-b-Xv.

sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bpsS Cu s]mXp-kz- m-h- nÂ \n¶p-sIm-p-thWw ] -a-e-bm-fs¯ hne-bn-cp-t¯--Xv.

]¨-a-e-bm-f- nsâ `mjm-]-c-amb {]tXy-IX

t]cpsIm-p-Xs¶ `mjm-]-c-amb {]tXy-IX Gsd {]I-S-am-¡p-¶pv ] -a-e-bm-fw. eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c³ aWn-{]-hm-f- m-jbv¡p \ÂIn-b-Xp-t]m-epÅ \nÀh-N-\hpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-§fpw ChnsS thn-h-cp-¶n-Ã. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§Ä Ah ae-bm-f- nÂ F{X {]Npc {]Nmcw t\Sn-b-h-bm-sW-¦nepw ]cn-]qÀ®-ambn Dt]-£n¨v {Zmhn-U-]m-c-¼-cy-apÅ ae-bm-f-]-Z-§Ä am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-s -gp-Xp¶ Ihn-X-bmWv ] -a-e-bm-fw. kwkvIr-X- nsâ A`mhw aqe-apÅ hnShp \nI- m³ Xan-gv]-Z-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡p-¶Xpw ] -a-e-bm-f- n\p \nc-¡p-¶-X-Ã.

GXp-h-gn-bn-eqsS At\z-jn- p-sN-¶mepw ] -a-e-bmfw Fs¶mcp ae-bmfw GsX-¦nepw Ime¯vGsX-¦nepw P\-§-fpsS CS-bnÂ \ne-\n-¶n-cp-¶-Xmbn Is- m³ Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. ae-bm-f- m-j-bpsSDÂ]- n-tbbpw hnIm-k-t¯bpw Ipdn v n¶-hm-Z-K-Xn-IÄ ]pd-s -Sp-hn- -hÀt]mepw ] -a-e-bm-fs¯]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶n-Ã. H¶p-InÂ Xan-gnsâ AsÃ-¦nÂ kwkvIr-X- nsâ {]`m-h-apÅ ae-bm-f-s¯-¡p-dn¨p ams{X AhÀ¡p ]d-bm-\p-Åq. ae-bmfw ae-bm-f-ambn cq]m- cw {]m]n- -Xp-Xs¶ XangnÂ\n¶pw kwkvIr-X- nÂ \n¶pw Ie-h-d-bn-ÃmsX ]Z-§Ä kzoI-cn- p-sIm-m-Wv. ae-bm-fn¡v \nXy-hy-h-lm-c- n\v Ahiyw th-]-Z-§-fnÂ hen-sbmcp ]¦v kwkvIr-X-am-Wv. IpSpw_ _Ô-§ÄkqNn- n-¡m\pw Hs¡ kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§Ä AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AÑ³, apJw, \Jw, taLw XpS-§nb]Z-§Ä¡v ]Icw sh¡m³ ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ DNn-X-amb ]Z-§-fn-Ã. Npcp-¡- nÂ Ir{Xn-a-ambnkrjvSn-s -Sp-t¡- Hcp `mj-bmWv ] -a-e-bm-fw. km[m-c-W-¡m-c-\p-t]mepw B `mj kwth-Z-\-£-a-am-hp-I-bn-Ã. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-§Ä s]dp¡n amäpI F¶p-]-d-ªmÂ ]Z-Zm-cn-{Zhpw Bi-b-Zm-cn-{Zhpw bmNn¨p hm§pI F¶mWÀ°w. ]cn-an-X-amb ]Z-§Ä sImv h{Io-I-cWw \S- nb Hcp`mj-bmbn ]e-t¸mgpw AXv {]Xy-£-s -Sp-¶p. "`mjm-kw-kvIr-X-tbmtKm aWn-{]-hmfw' F¶Ã "`mjm-kw-kvIr-X-tbmtKm ae-bmfw' F¶-XmWv kXyw. Fgp- -Ñ-\nepw sNdp-tÈ-cn-bnepw \¼ym-cnepw\mw ImWp-¶Xv C¯cw `mjm-kw-kvIr-X-tbm-K-t¯mSp IqSnb D¯-a-a-Wn-{]-hm-f(-a-e-bm-f)-am-Wv.AXnÂ \n¶p kwkvIrXw s]dp¡n amän-bmÂ ]n¶o-Sp-m-Ip-¶Xv AwK-lo-\-amb Hcp hnIm-c- m-j-bm-Wv. ] -a-e-bmfw \nÀ`m-Ky-h-imÂ Bhn-I-e- m-j-bm-Wv. F¶mÂ hcpw Ime- n\p thn-bn-cp-¶Xv IqSp-XÂ Bi-b-£-a-amb `mj-bm-Wv.

sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-IÄ, hen-b-tIm-bn- -¼p-cm-s\-t¸msebpÅ-hÀ hfÀ¯n-s¡m-p-h¶ kwkvIrX_lp-e-amb aWn-{]-hm-f-ssi-en-tbmSv Iqdn-Ãm- -hcpw \mS³ samgn-IÄ¡pw ip²-a-e-bm-f- n\pw{]m[m\yw sImSp- -h-cp-ambncp¶p. C§-s\-bn-cn-¡-sh-bmWv kwkvIr-X- nsâ A\n-hm-cy-XsbØm]n-¡p¶ {]kvXm-h-hp-ambn kn. ]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\m³ h¶-Xv. hmin apgp¯ X¼p-cm³ kwkvIr-Xs¯ Dt]-£n¨v "\Ã mj' (sIm-Ã-hÀjw þ 1066) FgpXn Xsâ anSp¡p Im«p-Ibpw sNbvXp. _lp-`m-cym-Xzhpw Pmc-kw-kÀKhpw IqSn-¡p-gª B \mS³ shSn-¡Y A¶s¯ hmb-\-¡mÀ¡v ckn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A\p-I-c-W-{`m- -cmb Ihn-IÄ A¯cw ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ \mS³ CXn-hr¯wBhn-jv¡-cn-¡m³ aÂk-cn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn.



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kn.-]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\m-s\-t¸mse kmln-Xys¯ kKuchw ho£n-¡p¶ Hcm-fnsâ {]kvXm-hs¯hnt\m-Z-c-kn-I-cmb A¶s¯ Ihn-IÄ sXän-²-cn-¡p-I-bmWv Dm-b-Xv. kwkvIrXw F¶ t]cnÂae-bm-f- nÂ {]Nmcw t\Snb ]Z-§Ä Dt]-£n-¡p-¶Xv Bß-l-Xym-]-c-am-sW¶pw `mhm-hn-jvIm-c-¯n\v AXp hne-§p-X-Sn-bmIpw F¶p-amWv Imhy aÀ½-Ú-\mb kn.-]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\m³ Dt±-in- -Xv. ]t£ A¶s¯ Ihn-IÄ¡v shSn-]-d-bpI, NXp-cwKw Ifn-¡pI XpS-§nbh t]mse Hcp hnt\m-Z-am-bn-cp¶p Ihn-X-sb-gp¯pw. aqcn-irw-Km-c- n\pw t\c-t¼m-¡n\pw {]m[m\yw \ÂIn-bn-cp¶ AhÀk¦oÀW-amb am\p-jn-Im-h-Ø-Itfm kq£-amb lrZ-b-c-l-ky-§tfm Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡m³ an\-s¡-«n-Ã.

X¶-XnÃ ]c-\pÅp Im«p-hm³H¶pta \c-\p-]m-b-ao-iz-c³C¶p `mj-bn-X-]qÀW-an-§tlmh¶p-t]mw-]n-g-bp-aÀY-i-¦-bmÂ

F¶p hne-]n-¡m³ t]mcp¶ D¶-X-amb kÀKm-\p- qXn hopw hf-sc-¡-gn-ªm-WtÃm ae-bm-f-¯nse Ihn-IÄ BÀÖn- -Xv. ap -Èn-¡-Y-Ifpw shSn-¡-Y-Ifpw hnh-c-Wm-ß-I-ambn ]c- n- -d-bm³AhÀ¡v ]cn-an-X-amb ]Z-§Ä aXn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. B ØnXn¡v ] -a-e-bm-f-]-Z-§Ä Xs¶ Bi-bm-hn-jv¡m-c-W- n\v [mcm-f-am-bn-cp¶p F¶v AhÀ¡v IrXn-I-fn-eqsS sXfn-bn-¡m³ Ign-ª-XnÂ AÛp-X-an-Ã. Xosc \nhr- n-bn-ÃmsX hcp-t¼mÄ {]mtZ-in-I-Np-h-bpÅ {Kmay-]-Z-§fpw h{Io-I-cW k{¼-Zm-b-§fpw AhÀ kzoI-cn- p. "N¡- -g-s¨mSn', "]n©m-b-s]®v', "t]mSv', "]m«nÂ', "tN«¯w', "C¼m¨n',"amän¯w', "Du¸nSn', "C¸mSv', "CS-bn-f¡w', "Nn¦fw', XpS-§nbh Ah-bnÂ Nne-Xp-am-{Xw. ]e-t¸mgpw] -a-e-bmfw "DW¡' ae-bm-f- nsâ kz`m-h-amWv {]I-Sn- n- -Xv.

irwKmcw ]¨-a-e-bmf IrXn-I-fnÂ

Hs«Ãm ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw kv{XobpsS AwtKm-]mw-K-hÀW-\bpw kwt`mK irKmw-c-hÀW-\bpw Nn«- Sn \S- m³ Xmev]cyw {]ZÀin- n-¡p-¶p-v. CjvS-tZ-hXm kvXpXn-bnÂ Xs¶ an¡ Ihn-Ifpw CXv XpS§n hbv¡p-¶p. X¼p-cmsâ "\Ã- mj' Hcp Pmc-kw-kÀK- nsâ IY-bm-sW-¦nÂIpq-cnsâ \mev `mjm-Im-hy-§-fnÂ kv{XohÀW-\bv¡pw kv{Xo]p-cpj kam-K-a- n\pw {]tXyIw\njvIÀj-h- n-cn-¡p-¶p. X¯z-Nn- m-{]-[m-\-amb "]m¡-\m-cnÂ' t]mepw \¼q-Xncn kv{XobpsS AwtKm-]mw-K-hÀW-\bpw À¯m-hp-sam- pÅ Ah-cpsS tIfo-hn-em-k-§fpw G¨p-sI-«n-b-Xp-t]mse tNÀ¯n-cn-¡p-¶p. \Ã- m-j, HSp-hn-ensâ aZn-cm-in-I-SÂ¡c F¶o IrXn-I-fnÂ sh¬a-Wn-irw-Km-c-s -t¸mepwIS- n-sh-«p¶ a«n-emWv kv{XohÀW-\. FÃm-bn-S¯pw kv{Xo, ]pcp-j\v Ima-Xr]vXn hcp- p¶ ico-c- m-K-§Ä sIm-\p-{K-lo-X-bmb D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-am-{Xw. \ntbm-¢m-knIv t{]a-k-¦ev]w Xs¶ kÀh-{X. {]kn-²-amb Imhykt¦-X-§Ä sImpÅ BhÀ¯\sshckyw Cu IrXn-I-fn-seÃmw {]I-S-am-Wv. Imhy-k-t¦-X- -Sn-bpÅ ico-c-hÀW\ IYm-]m-{Xs¯ FÃm AÀ°- nepw ssS¸m¡n amäp-¶p. tIma- sâ Imap-In-bmb D®n-b-½bpw ]mem«v I®sâ Imap-In-bmb sIm¨pw ]m¡-\m-cnsekÀh-Kp-W-k-¼-¶-bmb \¼q-Xncn s]¬In-Smhpw t]cp-sIm--ÃmsX cq]w-sImv `n¶-c-Ã. ]qh-¼-g- n-s\-Xr-sN¿pw sa¿pw Iqcn-cp-fns\ shÃp¶ Ipgepw hns\ shÃp¶ Ipdp-\n-cbpw XncsbtXmÂ¸n-¡p¶ ]pcn-Ihpw ]nSn-bm-\sb \mWn- n-¡p¶ \S¸pw h®³hm-g-bpsS XpSbpw Ip¶ns\sIm¨m-¡p¶ s\ªpw FÃm-hÀ¡pw kam-\-am-Wv. D]am-\-§Ä D]-ta-b-§Ä¡v Xpey-sa¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xn-eÃ D]-am-\-§sf Iogvs -Sp- p¶ KpW-amWv D]-ta-b- n-s\¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xn-emWv ] -a-e-bm-f-X-hn-IÄ¡v XmÂ -cyw. ]pcpj kuµcyhpw ssS¸v amXr-I- X-s¶.

iywKm-c-tI-fn-I-fpsS hÀW-\-bnepw \ntbm-¢m-knIv kt¦-X-§Ä Xe-Ip- n-a-dn-bp¶ ImgvN kpe- -am-Wv. {]mNo-\-a-Wn-{]-hmfw apXÂ sNdp-tÈ-cn-bpsS IrjvW-Km-Y-bneq-sSbpw N¼p-¡-fn-eq-sSbpw tNt¡-dnb irwKm-c-hÀW\ khn-\bw kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bmWv ] -a-e-bmf Ihn-I-fpw. ico-c-hÀW-\-bnÂ am{X-a-Ã, Imap-In-Im-ap-I-·m-cpsS Ip-ap-«Â, cl-ky-k-am-K-aw, hc-l-k-µÀ`w Ch-sbÃmw Htc-aq-i-bnÂ hmÀ -Xp-t]mse ImW-s -Sp-¶p. Npcp-¡- nÂ irwKm-c-hÀW-\-bnÂ ] -a-e-bm-f-I-hn-IÄ sh¬aWn ]mc-¼-cy- nÂ\n¶pw Hcp NphSv apt¶mt«m ]nt¶mt«m h¨p F¶v ]d-bm³ km[y-a-Ã. Ipq-cnsâ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-·m-cpsS {]W-b- nÂam{Xw Hs«mcp ]pXpa IS-¶p-h-cp-¶p-v.

{]tabw



241

{]tab-kzo-I-c-W- nÂ ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-IÄ¡v Nne \nÀ_-Ô-§-fp-s¶p ]d-bmw. sh¬a-Wn-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ kzoI-cn¨ FÃm-hn-j-bhpw ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-IÄ AwKo-I-cn- n-Ã. {]tXy-In¨pw CXn-lm-k-I-Y-Isf AhÀ ]mtS-hÀPn-¨p. tIc-fo-b-amb A -co-£hpw tIc-fob Pohn-X- nsâ Nne hi-§fpw Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m-\p-X-Ip¶ kw`-h-§fpw sFXn-ly-§fpw B`n-Nm-c-I-Y-Ifpw am{Xta ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ km[m-c-W-amb BJym-\-co-Xn-bnWv FÃm-hcpw kzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. tÇmI- nÂIY BZy´w GI-kz-c- nÂ hnh-cn- p-t]m-Ip-¶p. F¶mÂ "aZn-cmin ISÂ¡c' "Hcp t\À¨' F¶oIrXn-IÄ {]ta-b-kzo-I-c-W- nÂ A]-hm-Z-ambn amdn-\nÂ¡p-¶p F¶p-am-{Xw. Pmc-kw-kÀKw, a{ -hm-Zn-IÄ, HSn-b-·mÀ, If-cn- -bäv A`ym-kn-IÄ, hoc-]p-cp-j-·mÀ, B`n-Nm-c-IÀ½-§Ä C§s\ t]mIp-¶p ] -a-e-bm-f- nse tIc-fm- -co-£w. 19þmw \qäm-nsâ Aý- n-emWv Cu IrXn-IÄ cNn- -sX-¦nepw A¶p-Xs¶ hnZym-k-¼-¶-cpsS CS-bnÂ kzm[o\w sNep- n-bn-cp¶ bpàn-Nn- tbm imkv{X-t_m-[tam hnZq-c-am-bn-t]m-epw Cu IrXn-I-fnÂ kzm[o\w sNep- p-¶n-Ã. A¡m-e¯p Xs¶ _n.-F._ncpZw k¼m-Zn¨ Ipqcpw HSp-hnÂ Ipªn-¡r-jvW-ta-t\m\pw t]mepw X§-fpsS ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ ]mÝm-Xy-kw-kvIm-cs¯ AIän \nÀ¯n. am{X-aÃ A[:IrX-hÀK-s¯-¡p-dn¨v taÂPm-Xn-¡mÀ ]peÀ¯n-bn-cp¶ Ah-Úbpw òXnbpw AtX-]Sn ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ \ne-\nÀ¯p¶p (Hm-Sn,\mWn-¡p-«n). Ime- n-\-\p-k-cn¨ hymJym\w CsÃ¶p Npcp-¡w. H-Sn-b\pw ]d-b\pw \c-_-enbpwKÀ`-Ø-in-ip-hns\ Ipcp-Xn-sIm-Sp-¡epw adp-Xbpw Bbn-c-§sf Häbv¡p Pbn-¡p¶ tbm²mhpwChnsS bmYmÀ°yw am{Xw. IY-bnÂ tNmZy-anÃ F¶-a-«n-epÅ IYm-I-Y\w am{Xta AhÀ sNbvXp-Åq. `mcy-tbmtSm {]nb-s¸« amtä-sX-¦nepw kv{XotbmtSm IY-]-d-bp¶ coXn an¡-hmdpw t]À kzoI-cn- n-cn-¡p-¶p. CXv sh¬a-Wn-amÀ Ihn-X-bnÂ sImp-h¶ k{¼-Zm-b-am-Wp-Xm-\pw.

{io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, DÅqÀ F¶o Ihn-IÄ ] -a-e-bm-fs¯ kvt{Xm{X-Im-hy-c-N-\bv¡p IqSn D]-tbm-K-s -Sp¯n F¶-kw-KXn ]Tn-Xm-hnÂ IuXpI-ap-WÀ¯p-¶-Xm-Wv. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp cNn¨ Adn-hv,PmXn-e-£Ww F¶n-hbpw DÅq-cnsâ Hcp t\À¨bpw C¯cw ]co-£-W- n-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ambn \nÂ¡p-¶p.

hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W- nÂ Nne ]pXp-a-IÄ hcp¯n F¶sXmgn- mÂ IhnX hnt\m-tZm-]m[n am{X-amWv F¶-s]m-Xp-[m-cW sh¬a-Wn-Ir-Xn-I-fn-se-¶-t]mse ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw {]I-S-am-Wv.

ên-X-cm-lnXyw

sh¬aWn-¡-hn-X-bpsS {it²-b-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fnÂ H¶m-bn-cp-¶tÃm \Àa-t_m-[hpw en-X-hm-k-\bpw. F´p-sImtm ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ ênXw Hcp {][m\ LS-I-ambn {]Xy-£-s -Sp-t¶-bn-Ã. hnh-c-Wm-ß-Ihpw BJym\ {][m-\-hp-amb ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ en-X-c-k- nsâ A`mhwhnc-kX hÀ[n- n-¡m³ am{Xta DX-Ip-¶p-Åq.

Ipqcpw ]¨-a-e-bm-fhpw

1883 apXÂ 1936 hsc Pohn- n-cp¶ IpqÀ\m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m³ sh¬a-Wn-¡-½-«- nÂ Ihn-X-sb-gpXn kp{]-²-\m-bn- oÀ¶ Ihn-bm-Wv. mjm-I-hn-I-fnÂ _ncpZw t\Snb BZys¯ Ihn-bmWv IpqÀF¦nepw ]mÝm-Xy-km-ln-Xy-t¯mSv At±lw B`n-apJyw ImWn- n-cp-¶n-Ã. Xsâ kl-bm-{Xn-I-cmbsh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-I-fpsS Imhy-]-·m-hnÂ Xs¶ At±lw k©-cn- p. Xl-koÂZm-cmbn tPmen t\m¡n-bn-cp-¶-t¸mgpw Gsd XmÂ]cyw HutZym-Kn-tI-Xc hnj-b-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. ""inip, Ihn-X, NXp-cw-Kw,am¼gw Ch \mep-Iq-«ta Xs¶ BIÀjn- n-cp-¶pÅq'' F¶v At±lw ]e-t¸mgpw ]d-bm-dp-m-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn DÅqÀ tcJ-s -Sp- n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. \mev `mjm-Im-hy-§Ä¡p ]pdta At\Iw Imhy-§fpwIncm-Xw, ]Xn-¶mev hr¯w, ssIsIm-«n-¡-fn- m-«v, h©n- m-«p-IÄ, Iq«p-I-hn-X-IÄ F¶n-hbpw cNn- n-«p-v. Imfn-Zm-k-\pÄs¸-sS-bpÅ {]ikvX kwkvIrX Ihn-I-fpsS Imhy-\m-S-I-§Ä At±lwhnhÀ¯\w sNbvXn-«p-v.

F¦nepw ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS t]cn-emWv IpqÀ Ønc-{]-XnjvT t\Sn-b-Xv. Cu {]Øm-\-¯nÂ ssIh¨ asämcp Ihn¡pw C¯cw Hcp `mKyw ssIh-¶n-Ã. ""] -a-e-bmf¯nÂ Ih-\w-sN-¿p¶ hnj-b- nÂ Ipªn-¡p-«³ X¼p-cm³t]mepw At±-l¯n\p Xpey-\m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. "\Ã- mj'Xncn-bm-sW-¦nÂ "tIma- ³' AXnÂ\n¶p sImfp- nb ] -amWv F¶t{X DÅqÀ sh«n- p-d¶p



]d-ªp-I-f-ª-Xv. tIc-fo-b-cpsS a\-ÊnÂ Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ssIamdn hcp-¶Xpw a\p-jy-a-l-Xz- n-e-[n-jvTn-X-hpamb sFXn-ly-I-Y-I-fmWv IpqÀ Xsâ ] -a-e-bmf Imhy-§Ä¡v B[m-c-am-¡n-b-Xv. tIma-¸³, ]m¡-\mÀ, I®³, ià³X¼p-cm³ F¶o hoc-]p-cp-j-·mÀ tIc-fo-b-amb [otcm-Zm- -X-bp-tSbpw al-Xz- n-tâbpw Poh-Im-cp-Wy- n-tâbpw BZna {]Xo-I-§-fm-W-tÃm.

]¨a-e-bmf Ihn-I-fnÂ IpqÀ \Sp-\m-b-I-Øm-\¯v {]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bXv XnI¨pw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Hcp amäw F¶-\n-e-bnÂ am{Xw aäp-Å-hÀ ] -a-e-bmf Ihn-Xm-c-N-\bv¡v kabw Is- n-b-t¸mÄ IpqÀ {]mam-\y-amb Imhy-co-Xn-bmbn ] -a-e-bm-fs¯ kzoI-cn- p. kmam\yw ZoÀL-amb\mep-Ir-Xn-I-fnÂ cNn¨ Ipq-cnsâ ] -a-e-bmf Imhyw F®- n-se-¶-t]mse KpW- nepw anI- -Xm-b-Xp-sIm-m-Wv. F¦nepw IpqÀ ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ hcp- nb ]cn-jv¡m-c-§Ä th{X {i²n-¡-s -«n-«n-Ã. Ipªn-¡p-«³ X¼p-cm³ Xsâ kÀ¤-kn²n ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ ]qÀ®-ambn {]tbm-Kn- n-Ã. F¶mÂ Ipq-cms« sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bpsS sImm-S-s¸« khn-ti-j-X-I-sfÃmw ] -a-e-bm-f-¯n-te¡v ]cm-hÀ¯\w sNbvXp. tIhew EPp-hmb BJym-\- n\p X¼p-cm³ ] -a-e-bm-fs¯\o¡n-h- p. sh¬a-Wn-I-hn-X-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-Ifmb kv{XohÀW-\, ba-I-{ -aw, {]mk-¡-kÀ v, i_vZm-Uw-_-cXzw Ch-sbm¶pw AhnsS X¼p-cm³ k -e-ambn D]-tbm-Kn- n-Ã. F¶mÂ taÂ -dª sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-Xm-]-cn-afw GXmv ]qÀW-am-bn- s¶ IpqÀ ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂ Bhm-ln- p. {]mkhpwba-Ihpw Ae-¦m-c-§-fp-sams¡ tNÀ¯v "Dc-en-tâbpw De-¡-bp-sSbpw CS-bn-eqsS IhnX IS-¶p-h-cp¶ ImgvN Ipq-cnsâ ] -a-e-bmf Ihn-X-bnÂ kÀh{X ImWmw.

XXz-Nn- m-{]-[m-\-amb ]m¡-\m-cnÂ kZvkz- m-hn-bmb \¼q-Xncn bph-Xn-bpsS AwtKm-]mw-K-hÀW\\S- m³ Ihn sImepw ]nSn-bm-\bpw aebpw Aebpw tX\pw Infnbpw Imdpw hmgbpw Xp¼n-ss¡bpw Hs¡ I¿pw IW-¡p-an-ÃmsX Iq«p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶p-v. Ahn-Shpw Ignªv GsXmcp \ntbm-¢m-knIv Ihn-sbbpw Iog-S-¡m³ t]mcp¶ hnNn-{X-amb Nne Imhy-I-kÀ¯p-Ifpw krjv-Sn- p-h- n-«p-v.{]mkhpw ba-Ihpw i_vZ-¡-kÀ¯p-I-fp-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨v IpqÀ Dm¡n h¨ Hcp tÇmI-¡p-cp¡vImWp-I.

Dtm t\c- p-Sp¡pw Xfn-scm-S-a-cSnbv¡pw sNmSn¡pw sNmSn¡pw

sImÂt¡-sd-¡-Sp-¡p-¶-g-Ip-samcp anSp¡pw apSn¡pw apSn¡pw

Im-epÄ¡m-¼n-Sn-¡p-¶-gep InS-]nSn¡pw ]nSn¡pw ]nSn¡pw

sImm-tSpw \Sbv¡pw apSn-b-gn-bp-anSbvs¡m¶-Sn-¡p-¶-Sn-¡pw.

IhnX-bpsS mh-cq-]-s¸m-cp- -s - -än-bpÅ \ho\ [mc-W-bp-ambn Ipq-cns\ kao-]n- mÂ hrYm-Øq-e-X, A\uNnXyw, hmI-Zq-I-X, kam-[n- wKw C§s\ ]eXpw Nqn-¡m-Wn-¡m³ {]bm-k-an-Ã.]t£, sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bnÂ hmb-\-¡m-c³ At\z-jn- n-cp-¶Xv AsXm-¶p-am-bn-cp-¶nÃ F¶-Imcyw\mw ad-¶p-Iq-Sm. IpqÀ ] -a-e-bm-f-I-hn-I-fnÂ h¼-\m-bXv Cu sh¬a-Wn¯w ] -a-e-bm-f- nÂk -e-ambn BKo-cWw sNbvX-Xnsâ t]cn-em-bn-cp-¶p.

F¦nepw Ipq-cnsâ kv{Xo]p-cp-j _Ôw Hcp-]Sn DbÀ¶-Xm-sW¶p k½-Xn-¡msX h¿. \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-·m-cpsS {]Wbw {]Y-a-ZÀi-\- nÂ DS-se-Sp-¡-¶Xpw an¡-hmdpw sshj-bn-I-amb Zml-¯nÂ Du¶p-¶-Xp-am-sW-¦nepw AXv [ochpw Nmcn-{X-ip-²n-bnÂ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-ambn hnI-kn-¡p-¶p."bph-P-\-lr-Zbw kzX-{ -am-W-h-cpsS Imay-]-cn-{KtlÑbmÂ' F¶ {]W-b-XXzw tIma- ³ þ D®nb½,I®³ þ sIm¨v Cu {]W-b-tPm-Un-IÄ \qdp-i-X-am-\hpw ]men-¡p-¶p. CjvS-s¸« ]pcp-js\ cl-ky-ambn InS-¡-d-bnÂ £Wn¨v can-¡p¶ Ah-cpsS kml-kn-IX amdn-h¶ k·mÀK-\n-b-a- n\p \nc-¡p-¶-X-Ãm-bn-cn-¡mw. ]t£ GXv FXnÀ¸n-s\bpw t\cn-Sm\pw Nmcn-{X- n\p t\sc-bpÅ GXm{I-a-W-s¯bpw Poh³ ]W-bw-h¨v FXn-cn-Sm-\p-apÅ Ah-cpsS XtâSw sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bp-tS-X-Ã.A\p-c-RvP-\- n-eqsS s]m«nb _Ô-§Ä Dcp-¡n-t¨À¡p¶ Imcy- nepw Cu \mbn-I-amÀ amXr-Im-h-\n-X-IÄ Xs¶. \mbn-I-bv¡p-thn GXp kml-k- n\pw hn«p-ho-gvNbv¡pw X¿m-dm-Ip¶ \mb-I-·mcpw {]iw-k-\o-b-amb KpWw {]I-S-am-¡p-¶p. Imhy-co-Xn-bnÂ sh¬a-Wn-tbmSv tNÀ¶p \n¶p



F¦nepw kwkvIm-c- nsâ Imcy- nÂ IpqÀ `qX-Im-e-t¯¡p aS-§n. Cu aS¡w Ipp-sc¶sh¬a-Wn-¡-hnsb IqSp-XÂ B[p-\n-I-\m-¡p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. Ipam-c-\m-imsâ amwk-\n-_-²-a-Ãm¯cmK-k-¦Â -hp-amtbm ImÂ -\nI hn]vf-h-hp-amtbm Ipq-cnsâ Imhy-co-Xn¡v {]Xy-£-_-Ô-an-Ãm-bn-cn-¡mw. ]t£ sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-Xsb Bt£-]n-¡msX Xs¶ ImÂ -\nI temI- n-te¡v Imep-am-dn- -hn-«nb hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ kw{I-a-W-L-«s¯ Xm§m³ Ipq-cnsâ `mjm-Im-hy-§Ä¡v Ign-ªn-«p-s¶v ImWm³ hnj-a-an-Ã. hÅ-t¯m-sf¶ ImÂ -\nI Ihn ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ _Ô-\-Ø-\mb A\n-cp-²-\nse {]W-b-k-¦ev]w \mep- m-jm-Im-hy-§-fpsS P\p-ÊnÂ \n¶p-Zbw sNbvX-Xp-t]mse tXm¶p-¶p.

cl-ky-k-am-K-aw, _Ôp-¡-fp-am-bpÅ Gäp-ap-«Â, ZrVm-\p-cm-Kw, ip`m- -kq-N\ CsXms¡ _Ô-\-Ø-\mb A\n-cp-²-\nepw ImWm-a-tÃm. ]t£, \mS-Io-bX, inÂ¸ `{Z-X, {]I-c-W-ip²n F¶oImcy-§-fnÂ hÅ-t¯mÄ F{Xtbm ImXw ap¼n-em-Wv. F¦nepw sdmamân-kn-k- nsâ ap³Kman({]n-þ-sdm-amân-Iv) F¶v hnfn-¡-s -Sm³ Gähpw AÀl³ Ipqcp Xs¶.

]¨-a-e-bmfw A\yw \n¶p-t]m-Ip-hm-\p-mb Imc-W-§Ä

1. kwth-Z-\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« GsX-¦nepw {]Xn-kÔn t\cn-Sm³ thn-bmWv km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bnÂ ]pXnb {]Øm-\-§Ä kmln-Xy- nÂ {]Xy-£-s -Sp-¶-Xv. i_vZ-s¯-¡mÄ AÀ°-¯n\p{]m[m\yw thW-sa-¶-t_m[w ZznXo-bm-£-c-{]m-k-hm-Z- n\pw kmlnXyw Pohn-X- n\pw thn-bm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa¶ Nn´ ]ptcm-K-a-\-km-lnXy{]Øm-\- n\pw \nbm-a-I-am-bn-hÀ¯n- Xv HmÀ¡p-I. ] -a-e-bm-f-am-Is« Hcp sIm¨p-XÀ¡- nÂ \n¶pw X·q-e-ap-mb ]nSn-hm-in-bnÂ \n¶p-amWv Bcw- n- -Xv. A\p-I-c-W-hm-k-\-bnÂ Ihnªv auenI-amb GsX-¦nepw {]Xn-kÔn ] -a-e-bmf Ihn-Isf Ae-«n-bn-Ã. AXnsâ {]tbm-àm-¡Ät]mepw ] -a-e-bm-f- n\v CXc Imhy-§sf At]-£n¨v Fs -¦nepw ta·-bp-Å-Xmbn Ah-Im-i-s -«n-Ã. hnt\m-Z- n-\p-th-n-bmWv ] -a-e-bmf Imhy-§Ä cNn-¡p-¶-sX¶v ]ecpw Gäp-]-d-bp-¶p-ap-v. Ipq-scm-gn- pÅ ] -a-e-bmf Ihn-I-fpsS CX-c-Ir-Xn-I-fmWv Ah-cpsS Xs¶ ] -a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-sf-¡mÄ t{ijvvTw.

2. sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-Xbv¡p mh-]-c-ambn t]mcm-bva-IÄ Dm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nepw emfn-Xyw, kp{K-l-X, ^en-X-t_m[w Ch Ah-bpsS KpW-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. ] -a-e-bmf IrXn-I-fm-Is« ]Z-Zm-cn-{Z- nÂ\n¶p c£-t\-Sm³thn ]Z-§-fpsS {]kn-²-amb AÀ°w hnK-Wn¨v A{]-kn-²-amb AÀ°w kzoI-cn- n-cp¶p ]e-t¸m-gpw. CXv AÀ°-¢n-jvSX hcp- n-h- p. apdn-hp-amdn F¶-Xn\v "apdn-amdn' F¶pwshbnev AÂ]w-t]mepw GÂ¡m- nSw F¶-Xn\v ""sshen- n-cn¡p aW-bm-s¯m-cnSw'' F¶pw {]tbm-Kn-¡m-\-hÀ¡p aSn-bn-Ã. ]nSn-hmin \ncÀ°I i_vZ-§-fpsS D]-tbmKw hÀ[n- n- p. Zqcm-\z-bw, hnk-Ôn, bXn- w-Kw, {Kmay-{]-tbmKw XpS-§nb Zqjy-§Ä ] -a-e-bm-f-Im-hy-§-fnÂ hÀ[-am-\-amb tXmXnÂImW-s -Sp-¶p.

3. Agnª irwKmcw, ]c- n- -d-bÂ, Kuch-an-Ãm-bva, ]Àhn-N-XÀh-Ww, kwt_m-[-\m-[n-Iyw, i_vZm-Uw-_-c-X, {]mk-{ -aw, hÀ -am-\-Im-e-§-fnÂ \n¶pÅ ]em-b\ {]h-WX XpS-§nb \yq\-X-aqew sh¬a-Wn-¡-hnX sam - nÂ \mis¯ t\cn-Sp¶ Ime-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. `mjm-]-c-amb emfn-Xy-aÃ `mh-]-c-amb Hu¶n-Xy-amWv Hcp {]Øm-\s¯ \ne-\nÀ¯p¶ {][m-\-i-àn. \nÀ`m-Ky-h-imÂ Zqjy-§ÄHs¶m-gn-bmsX DÄs¡m-p-sIm-mWv ] -a-e-bmfw ]nd-hn-sb-Sp- -Xv. A§s\ h¶-t¸mÄ sh¬a-Wn-¡-hn-X-bpsS \mi- n\p Imc-W-amb kwK-Xn-IÄ Xs¶ ] -a-e-bmf IrXn-I-fpsS \mi- n\pwImc-W-ambn F¶p-Im-Wm³ {]bm-k-an-Ã. ]ecpw sXän-²-cn-¡pw-t]mse ] -a-e-bm-f-t¯m-SpÅ {`a-aÃ] -a-e-bm-f- nsâ XIÀ¨bv¡p Imc-Ww. adn v sh¬a-Wn-¡-hnX F¶ hr£w \new-]-Xn- -t¸mÄAXnsâ D]-im-J-bm-bn-cp¶ ] -a-e-bm-fhpw \new-]-cn-imbn F¶p-am-{Xw.

tIma- ³

hS-¡³ ]m«p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw aäpw P\-lr-Z-b-§-fnÂ thtcmSnbn«pÅ ]mem-«p-tIm-asâ hotcm-Xn-lm-k-amWv IpqÀ BJym\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. BhÀ¯\ hnc-k-a-Ãm¯ \sÃmcp IY-]-dªv {]nb-X-asb {]oXn-s -Sp- n-s¡m-Åm-sa¶v Ihn Imhym-cw- - nÂ hm¡p sImSp-¡p-¶p.

\mbÀ hoc-tbm-²m-hmb ]mem-«p-tIm-a\pw H¶qdmw ho«p-Im-cp-amb Ipdp- -·mcpw IpSn- -I-aq¯Nnc-Im-e-i-{Xp-¡-fm-Wv. Hcp Xmen sI«v Ieym-W-ho-«nÂ hnin-jvSm-Xn-Yn-bm-sb- nsb tIma\pw Ipdp-

-·m-cpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bmb D®n-b-½bpw ZrVm-\p-c-à-cmbn. CuSmÀ¶p-hm-bn-¡p¶ Ah-cpsS {]W-



b-\-Zn¡v IpSpw-_-i-{Xp-X-{]-iv\-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. {]W-b-hn-clw aqÀ[-\y- n-emb tIma³ hcp-¶-Xp-h-cs« F¶p-I-cpXn D®n-b½ Ipfn-¡m-s\- p¶ IS-hnÂ Ipfn-¡m-\n-d-§n. {]nb-an-{X-amb Nm¸³ thH¯m-i-Ifpw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp- p. Ipf-¡-S-hn-se- nb D®n-b-½bpw ktlm-Z-cn-bmb D®n- n-cnbpwtImas\ Ip. D®n- ncn kq{X- nÂ ktlm-Z-c-·msc hnh-c-a-dn-bn-¡m³ aS-§n. NXn a\-Ên-em-¡nb D®n-b½ Ipfn-¡m-s\¶ `mh- nÂ shÅ- n-en-d§n \nÂ¡p-Ibpw tImas\ kar-²-ambapSn-bpsS CS-bnÂ Hfn- n¨p \nÀ¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A¶p cm{Xn tIma³ D®n-b-½-bpsS InS- -d-bnÂIS-¡p-Ibpw Xmc-¼-\mÀ tIfn-bnÂ Bp apgp-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. DWÀ¶-t¸mÄ t\cw hÃmsXshfp- p-t]m-b-Xp-I D®n-bam tImasâ hmfpw ]cn-Nbpw Xsâ s]«n-bnÂ h¨p ]q«p-IbpwAbmsf Hcp ]mWsâ thjw AWn-bn¨v ]pd- p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

bmZr-Ýn-I-ambn ktlm-Z-cn-bpsS s]«n-bnÂ hmfpw ]cn-Nbpw I D®n- ncn hnhcw ktlm-Z-c-·msc Adn-bn- p. ]mem-«p-tIm-a-s\-¡mÄ tIm«-bv¡Â Ipªmenac-¡m-sc-bmWv i¦n- -Xv. D®n-b-½sb sh«n-\p-dp-¡nb tijw ac-bv¡msc hwi-hn-tÑZw hcp- m³ AhÀ XoÀ -s -Sp- n.

At¸m-gmWv Hcp {]Xn-{]-tbm-K-ambn shfn- - mSv h¶p-tNÀ¶-Xv. D®n-b-½sb h[n-¡-cp-sX¶pwsNbvX ]m]- n\v {]mb-Ýn- -w sN¿m³ Ah-kcw \ÂIn Ah-fpsS Bßm-hns\ c£n-¡-W-sa¶pw AbmÄ hmZn- p. GIm- -amb Hcp ho«nÂ Ahsf ]mÀ¸n¨p t\À -IÄ t\cm-\pÅ Ah-kcw Xm³ Dm-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡m-sa¶pw shfn- - m-tS-äp. Ipdp- p-amÀ A\p-hm-Zhpw \ÂIn. ]t£D®n-b-½sb GIm- -ambn ]mÀ¸n- -tijw Ah-fpsS ASp-¡Â Ima-Nm-]-ey-hp-ambn shfn- - m-sS-¯n. Xsâ KqtVm-t±iyw \S-¡p-I-bn-sÃ¶p t_m[yw-h¶ shfn- - mSv D®n-b-½sb ac-bv¡mÀ¡phnäv ]Ww t\Sm³ Xocp-am-\n¨p ]pd-s -«p. Cu kabw P\m-e-bn-eqsS I Hcp thes\ D®n-b½hnfn-¡p-Ibpw tIma\p \ÂIm³ Hcp I¯p \ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

cm{Xn-bm-b-t¸mÄ ac-bv¡mÀ apdn-Xp-d¶v D®n-b-½sb {]m]n-¡m³ AW-ªp. ssIhm-fp-ta´nCuä- p-en-sb-t¸mse D®n-b½ FXnÀ¯p \n¶p. Cu ka-b¯v tIma-s\- p-Ibpw {]nb-X-a-bpsSssIbnÂ \n¶pw hmfp-hm§n ac-bv¡m-tcm-tS-äp-ap-«p-Ibpw sNbvXp. HSp-hnÂ ac-bv¡mÀ tImasâhmfn\v Cc-bm-bn- oÀ¶p. t]Sn-t¨m-Snb ac-bv¡m-cpsS A\p-N-cÀ NXn-b-\mb shfn- - m-Snsâ Xe-sIm-¿m³ ad-¶n-Ã. Cu kabw hnh-c-a-dnªv bpt²m-Zyp-à-cmbn Ipdp- -·m-cp-sa- n. D®n-b½ shfn-

- m-Snsâ NXn hyà-am-¡n-b-tXmsS Ipdp- -·mÀ tImasâ N§m¯w A`yÀ°n- p. \µn-tbmsSAhÀ D®n-bm-½sb tIma\p h[p-hmbn \ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

DtZzmKw Dm-¡p-¶-hn[w \mS-Io-b-ambn IY-]-d-bp-¶-Xn-eÃ Ipq-cn\p XmXv]-cy-sa-¶p-tXm¶pwCu IrXn-hm-bn- mÂ. hÀW-\bv¡p {]m[m\yw \ÂIp¶ Abª BJym-\-co-Xn-bmWv BZy- w.Nne tÇmI-§Ä t\m¡pI: tIma- -s\¶ tbm²m-hnsâ Nn{Xw.:

Imfbv¡p ImWp-samcp tXmfp, Icn-¼-\bv¡pImfpw Ipdp-¼p-I-f-bp-¶p-SÂ, amÀ hncnªv\of- n-eq-¡p-Sb ssII-fp-ambv ]Sbv¡ptIfn-s¸Spw ]Sn hnfªp hnf§n tIma³

{]W-b- nsâ kzÑ-Xbpw DÑrw-J-e-Xbpw tImasâ hm¡p-I-fnÂ:Bbp-®nb-½-sbmcp amä-eÀ ho«p-Im-cnþbmbpÅ sXms¡-b-dn-hpÅ Icn¼p hnÃ³Cubp-Å-h-¶-g-en-sX- n\p tNÀ -sX¶pImbp-s¶m-cp-sÅmSp Xpd-¶p-]-dªp tIma³

{]W-b- nsâ Xo{h-Xbpw H¸w eÖbpw bph-an-Yp-\-§sf he-bv¡p¶ Nn{Xw:cmÄ¡p ap-W-bp-hm³ sImXn-sb¶p Ipcmfp apÄ¯-fncp sIm-hÀ X½nÂ th«pIm-epsa¦nep-a-W-ªn-Sp-hm³ aSn¨pcm-fp-a¼! ae-c-¼\p t\c-h³ Xm³.

B§f-am-cpsS \nÀZ-b-Xzs¯ HmÀ½n- n¨ Imap-In-tbmSv tIma³ [ochpw irwKm-cm-ß-I-ambpw]d-bp¶ adp-]Sn:

""]pÃm-Wn-\n¡p ]S-bm-fn-IÄ, \n¦-S-¡¬þXÃmWp tX³samgn XSp- n-Sp-hm³ sRcp¡w



sXÃm-I-bmÂ sXfn-hn-b¶p XpW-bv¡Ww \oþbÃm-bvIn-em-§-f-X³ ]Wn s]§Ä sN¿pw''

kwt`mK irwKmcw:""tamSn- -In-«p-S-sbm-cm-b-hÄ tIma-t\mSpIqSn- -cp-§Â Ie-cm-Xp-S-\¶p cmhnÂtXSn- -S-bv¡-Wbp ama-e-c-¼-\mbv t]mþcmSn- -Xp-s¡-b-h-\pÅ anSp-¡-S¡n''

Imam`yÀ°-\p-ambn sN¶ NXn-b-\mb shfn- - m-Sn-t\mSv Xsâ ZrVm-\p-cm-K- nsâ Xo{hX D®n-b½ hyà-am-¡p¶p:

N¯m-ep-sa³ IW-h-\m-Inb tIma-\-Ãmþ

XpÄ¯mcp asäm-cp-h-t\-Ip-I-bn-sÃtSm Rm³

Ima-{`m´p Ibdn D®n-b-½sb {]m]n-¡m-\-Wª ac-bv¡m-cpsS t\sc hmfp-bÀ¯n FXn-cn-Sm³Hcp-§p¶ [oc \mbn-I-bmb D®n-b-½-bpsS Nn{Xw:

""\nÂ¡mbvI t]mI ]pd-tIm-«n\n am¸ntf \oshbv¡mbvI Imsem-c-Sn-t]m-ep-a-Sp- n-tSC¡m-Wp-sa-¶p-Sb hmfn\p Xo\p \ÂIm³t\m¡m-bvI-sb-¶p-a-hÄ hmfp-ap-e- p-c¨p

tIma- ³DuWp¦-gn-ªn-c-hn-sem¶p apdp¡n an¶Âþ\mWn- n-Sp¶ aS-hm-scm-Sp-sam¯p a¨nÂhmWo-Sp-a-s¸m-g-h-fp-ÅnÂ \n\- -Xn-¶þXmsW-¶-dn-ª-h-sfm-Sn-§s\ Rm³ ]dªp

\mÄtXm-dp-an-§s\ ]mª-Xp-Xs¶ hopþtamXp-s¶m-cn- -Wn-bn-\n-¡-gn-bn-Ãn-\n¡v\oXm-\p-d-§p-h-Xn-\p-Ån-sem-c-ä-sa- nþSmXpÅ sXm¶p-an\n Rm\p-c-sN-bvI-bnÃ

sXän-Ãn-\n¡p ]d-bp-¶Xp \Ã-Xm-bmÂ]än-Ãp-d-¡-sam-cp-\m-fn-ep-sa-¶n-h®wIpäw ]dªp shdptX If-tb t\cwIpä-¡-cnw-Ip-geo sXän-h-t\-ddp t]msc?

tI«m-ep-am-sh-Sn-a-cp-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xn³apþs¼m«Ã t]mcnÂ hncp-XmÀ¶n-Sp-hm³ sRcp¡wI«n- -ta-dp-ap-SÂ t]mc-ap-dbv¡p I¨þsI«pw ]b-äp-sa-h\pw ]Xn-hm-bn-cp¶q

a¶n-¦Â asä-hn-sSbpw Xncn-bm- -a-«mþW¶m-fn-eo-h-I-]-bäp IS- -\m«vH¶q-d-Xm-a-cn-b-ho-sSm-sS-Xr¯ ]memþs«¶pÅ \Ã Xd-hm-S-hn-S- n-Ã-tÃm.

apt¼m-Xn-tbm-c-hnsS \Ã Ipdp¸p atämÀtX³s]-bvXn-Sp-¶-samgn! \mb-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p.apt¼-Xn\pw Icp-Xn-\n-¡-Xn-\n-¡n-h-®þ



246

at¼m Xnc-¡p-a-hÀ X½nÂ apgp- n-cp¶p

tIma- -s\-s¶m-cp-h-\-¶p-f-hmbn ]memþ«maq- -tcm-S-a-cn-Sp-¶-hÀ tXmäp apw\man-s¸m-gq-¡p-Sb tXm¡p-IÄ sIms-Sp¡pwioa- -b-äp-ap-d-b-¶-dn-hn-Ã-b-tÃm.

]pÅ \Ã ]Xn-s\-«-Shpw XncnªpsImpÅ Iq«-cn-e-hsâ InS-bvs¡m-cmsfIn-Ã-sb-¶-hn-sS-bp-Å-h-tcmÀ¡n-sem¶pcÃ tIma-s\-b-dn-ª-h-scm-s¡-tbmXpw

Imfbv¡p ImWp-sam-cp-tXmfpw Icn-¼-\-bv¡pImfpw Ipdp-¼p-I-f-bp-¶p-SÂ, amÀhn-cnªv\of- n-eq-¡p-Sb ssII-fp-am-bv]-Sbv¡ptIfn-s¸Spw ]Sn hnfªp hnf§o tIma³

hm-d-Wn-¡p-g-en-am-scmcp I®p t\m¡nþ¡mÂa-b-§p-a-g-Ip--h-s\-¶p-aÃXnm-Sn-t\À¡p-sa-Xn-cm-f-C-I-sf-{X-Iq-Snþs¡mm-ep-am-an-Sp-an-Sp-¡\p ]pÃp-t]mse

At§mÀs¡-Xr¯ Xd-hm-«n-sem-tc-gp-t]-cpþnt§mÀ¡n-eo-sbm-cp-ht\ ]S-bm-fn-bp-Åqa§m-sX-bp-Åp-in-cn-b-s¶m-c-h¶p tNÀ¶N§m-Xn-Nm- -\-cn-InÂ Nncn-bm-sX-bpmw

\m«nÂ InS¶p Ign-tb-p-sam-tcXp \mbÀþho«n-¦epw apd-]n-Sn- -Sn-b- n-c-§Ä]m«nÂ¡-gn- n-Xn¶p taÂ]-Sn-bpÅ cpþho«n-¦epw ]d-bWw ]Xn-hm-Wn-X-t{X.

F¶m-ep-ao-sbm-sc-Xr-ho-«p-S-tbmÀIÄ X½nÂh¶m-sem-tc-S-hp-an-W-§p-I-bn-Ã-Xm\pwH¶m-Wn-S-bv¡n-h-cn-Sªp Ie-¼ÂIq-«nþsb¶mÂ Ipg-§p-a-Xn-\mÂ Icp-Xn- n-Sn¡pw

thgv - -Sn-s¡m-cp-h-s\- p-InÂ aäpIq-«ÀImgvN-¡p-t]m-ep-a-W-InsÃmgnhm-bn-cn¡pwC -«-tamÀs¯m-cn-S-ap-sÅmcp Xmen-sI-«nþ\mbvs¨¶p tIma-\n-W-bm-Inb Nm -t\mSpw

Xn®¶p tIma\p apd-bv¡mcp \mSp-hmgnþs¡®w Ipdn-¡p-samcp I«nÂ sImSp- n-cp¶ps]®p-§Ä tamSn-sbmSp ]-a-Wnªp thpwþh®w Xnc-s¡m-Sp-an-S-¡nsS h¶n-cp-¶p.

B h¶p-tNÀ¶ adn-am³ angn-amÀIÄ tXmäpþt]mhp-¶, \Ã Nne tXmgn-I-tfmSp IqsS,



]qh-¼-\pÅ ]pXp-ssI-s¯m-gn-se¶p tXm¶oþSmhp-¼-Sn-s¡m-cp-h-f-¶-hn-sS¡p sN¶p

As¸®p tIma-\psS I¬aWn I«p-sIm-mþW - Â tIdn-b-X-Xmcpadn-ª-XnÃaq¸À¡p ]n¼p-d-a-S-§n-sbm-Xp§n \nÂ¡pwNm¸³ NXn- -Wn-IÄ Ip-]n-Sn- p-Xm\pw

tImasâ I®-h-sf-sbm-s¶-Xn-tc-¡p-hm-\þt¡a- n-ap-¼n-semcp I¬ap-\-\o-«-b¨pCua-«-I- -hÄ IS-s¶-Xr-I-«n-en³taÂ]qsa¯ ]p¡p ]q]p-©ncn ]qn-cp-¶mÄ

CuhmgvN I-f-hp-am-dm-eÀa-¦-bm-fnÂssIhogvN I¬hgn IcÄ¡p ]nW-ª-Xn-¦ÂXosh- -t]m-ep-bnÀ NqSpw s\Sp-hoÀ¸n-\mÂ Iþ®oÀ hm¨p tIma-\-Xp-ap-Ån-sem-Xp-¡n-Xm\pw

]mem-gn-am-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-sbm-c-hÄ¡p-ap-ÅnÂ]mems« \mb-cn-h-s\-¶-X-dn-ª-t\cwtNem-Iptam \n\-hn-sX¶p Ipd- p- tXm¶nt]mse-b-Xm-b-hÄ sNmSn-¨p-W-sIm--S¡n

Gd- -d-ªn-Sp-h-sX- n\p Xmen-sI-«pþt\cw Ignªp ]ncn-tb--hÀ thÀ]n-cnªpXmc-¼-\o-bn-cp-h-cnÂ IcÄ amän sh¨pthdn-«p-t]m-bp-SÂ ad-ªnXp cp-t]À¡pw

t]mIpw hgn-s¡mcp NXn- n-cn-tbmSp Nm¸³sshIp¶p t\c-an-\n-sb´p \n\- -sX-¶mÂ\o I-sX- Xp ]d-ªn-Sp-sI¶p tIma³BtI--Xmbn hgn t\m¡-W-sa¶p Nm¸³

Bbp-®n-b-½-sbmcp amä-eÀho-«p-Im-cnþbmbp-Å-sXm-s¡-b-dn-hp-Å Icn-¼p-hn-Ã³CubpÅ h¶-g-en-sX- n\p tNÀ -sX¶pImbp-s¶m-cp-sÅmSp Xpd¶p ]dªp tIma³

B tamSn IqSp-a-h-fnÂ sImXn ssIhn-Sm-\nþ§mtam sRcp-¡-an-h-\n¶p IpSp-¡p-]än\mtamÀ¡n-se- n-hnsS th-sXm-gn¨p amdnþt¸mtam ]nW-¡-an-Xp-hn-«-e-c-¼-\mthm

t]mcpÅ ]qa-I-\n-h³X-e-a--X-¶nÂt]mcp-t¼m-sgm-s¶-gp-Xn-hn-«Xp X«n-\o-¡m³t]mcp-¶-Xmcp? hcpan§p htc--X-ÃÂt]mcp-¼p-ds¸SpI-sb¶p ]dªp ]ns¶

t]mhp-¶-X-Ã-g-ep-hn- -e-c-¼-s\§p]mhp-¶-Xpw, ]gp-sX,-sb-¶-X-dn-ªn-SmsX



Bhp¶ a«-g-sem-Xp¡n \S¶p tIma³tahp¶ ho«n-e-h-c-§ns\ sN¶n-cp¶p

sXÃpw \ap¡p icn-b-ÃnXp th-sb-¶mbvsNmÃp¶ Nm¸s\msSXr-¡p-I-bnÃ tIma³sNÃpw IS¶p IcÄ ]s¶-bp-sam«p ImdpþaÃpw sXmgpw Ipg-en-bnÂ sImXn-tb-dn-tbdn

tImfÃ sImÃp-a-e-c-¼-s\-Xr-¡p-hm³\msf-Ã-sb¶p ]d-hm³ aSn-bm-I-bmsetIf-Ã-te-dn-b-h-\§p Ipgn¨p \mepþ\mf-Ã-Wn-¡p-gen! \os-gp-am-p-t]mse

tNWmÀs¶m-cm-b-hsf hÃ hgn-¡p-sam¶pImWmsX Ip Ign-bn-Ã-g-emÀ¶n-h®whmWm-sem-c-ä-an-Xn-s\-§-e-c-¼-t\mSpXmWm-ep-sa´p Ipd-sh¶p \n\¨p ]ns¶

IqsS- n-d-s¶-gp-ap-Wn- n-cn-b-½tbmSpIqsS-¡p-fn-¡p-h-Xn-\m-b-hÄ t]mbn-Sp-t¼mÄIqtS-dnSpw Infn-I-fpÅ acw adªptIsS-¶n-tb-b-hnsS \n¶p XpS§n ]ns¶.

A¯mÀ sXmgp-s¶m-cpSemÄ ]Xn-hmb t\cs¯¯mbv Ibm-e-hmÄ Ipfn- p. Ifn¨ \ocnÂs]mÂ¯mÀ s]dpw aW-a-Wn-sªmcp Imäptaäpt]mbv¯m³ Ipfn- -Xn-s\m-cn¡end§n tIma³.tIma³ Ipf- n-e-g-emÀ¶e-c-¼-\mbtIa³ IbÀ¯p-hn-Sp-a-¼p-IÄ sImp-hmSnXmÀa-¦-sbm-s¯m-c-hÄ Xs¶-bp-tamÀs¯-gp-t¼mþgma-¦-sb¯n-b-hn-sS-¡-S-hnÂ Ipfn- m³

tN«- -sam-s«-gp-ap-Wn-¨n-cn-b-½-sbsâIq«¯n-en-¶n-hnsS h¶Np No¯-bmbnh«- n-em-¡p-an-h-s\- -S-hn-Ã-sb-t¶mÀþs¯m«-emÀ¶n-Xp-S-\-s¸m-gp-Xp-®n-b½

tNem-bn-sX-s´mcp Ipdp-¼n-hn-S- n-emtbm]mem-«p-ImÀ¡p Ifn-bm-§-f-am-scm-tSmXntaemÂ hcm-sX-bnXp \nÀ¯-W-sa-¶-S-¡m³þtaemsX amsem-Sp-ap-Wn- n-cnbpw \n\¨p

Ft´m ad-¶-Xn\p t]mhp-I-sb-¶-a-«nÂ]t´m-S-Snª ape-bm-f-hÄ t]mbn ]ns¶sht´m-c-I- -fn-cn-se- n\n th-sX-¶mþamt´mä I®p-S-sbm-cp-®n-bp-tamÀ¯p \n¶p

Npän-Ãtbm sNmSn-b-cm-§-f-amÀs¡m-cbv¼p



249

sNänÃ sImÃp-an-h-s\- -e-scm- p-IqSnsXänÃ sXÃn-h-s\m-tSm-Xp-In-en¶p \mWw]än-Ã-sb-¶-h-fp-S³ IS-hnÂ IS¶p

Xmt\-dnSpw sImXn-sbm-sS-t¸m-gp-tamÀ¡p-ap®oXmt\ sXfn-ª-cn-In-te-bv¡p- h-cp-¶-t\cwamt\-ep-tam-aÂan-gn-bmsfbSp- p-S³ Imþ×mt\sd sh¼-semSp tIma-\p-a-§-Wªp

]qh-¼-g- n-s\-Xr-sa-¿-gp-ap-®n-tbmSpt]mbvh¼p-Iq-Sn-sbmcp tIma-\-Sp- n-Sp-t¼mÄ]qh-¼\pw s]cp-Ip-ap-s¦m-S-Sp¯p ]p¯³]qh-s¼-Sp¯p ]pXp-hn-Ãn-ep-S³ sXmSp¯p

aäm-cp-an-Ãn-hn-sS-bn-§s\ h¶-sXm«psXäm-Ip-sa-¶n-hn-Sn-bn-f-¡-sam-Sp-®n-b½sXämsX sNÃp-a-e-c-¼p-I-tfäp hmSnsNäm-S-tem-Sp-a-hn-sS- -e-Xmgv¯n \n¶p

tIma-¦-se- n-Sp-sam-cp-sÅmSp tImÄa-bnÀs¡mþma¦ a®n-temcp ImÂhn-c-emÂ hc¨v]qa-¦-sbm- -c-h-fm-a-e-¼\mw sIþt¦a-¦-bÀ¯-XnÂ hnbÀ¯p hnd¨p \n¶p

]änÃ ]ä-eÀ ]peÀ¯nb s]®n-epÄ¯mÀ]än-Ãn-h-¦-e-h-fnÂ IcÄ sN¶-Xs¿mamän- -sa¶ \n\-hp-ÅXp tIma-s\m«pamän-s¯-fn-ªn-Xp-S-\m-\ne I-t\cw

\nsÃ¶p t]Sn, ae-c-¼-\-Sp¯p sNÃpþsNsÃ-¶p, \mW-aXp h¿ hc-s«-sb¶vsNmÃp-S³ sImXn-bpw, H¶p-ap-cp¡p-hm-\mþfsÃ-¶p-]n-s¶-b-h-s\m¶p ]cp-§n-\n¶p

cmÄ¡p-ap--W-bp-hm³ sImXn-sb¶p Ipcm-fp-apÄ¯-fn-cp-sIm--hÀ X½nÂ th«pIm-ep-sa-¦n-ep-a-WªoSp-hm³ aSn¨pcm-fp-a¼! ae-c-¼-\p-t\-c-h³ Xm³

I®n³hgn¡p IcÄ tIma-\p-S³ sImSp- m-þ-s -®n-¶p-Xsâ Ic-fmw-a-eÀ ImgvN-sh¨vD®n-¡p-SÂ¡p-S-b-\³a-I-sfm-s¡-bp-Åmþse®n-¡p-d- n-hnsS \n¶p sXfnªp tIma-³

sIm¶o-Sp-an-¿n-h-s\-bm-§-f-am-c-dn-ªpþh¶o-Sn-se¶p hep-Xm-sbmcp t]Sn-sImpw\n¶o-Spam \ne-b-Xn³ XI-cmdp Ipw]n¶o-Sn-h-®-ap-S-\p®n IS-¶p-c¨p

t\cpw ad¨p Nne-sX-s¶m-Sp-c¨p X©þtadp-¶p-Wn- ncn Xncn¨p NXn¨p sImÄhm³



tNcpw sNmSn¨pSs\-bm-§-f-amÀItf-gpþt]cpw]nSn¨p s]mSp-Im- -W-sa-¶p-d¨v

tXSn- -c- nÂ hcp-am-§-f-am-cp-ans¯þ½mSn- -c- n-\psS Iqen InS-bv¡p-sa-¶mÂHmSn¯n-cn-¡p-I-hÀ \n§sf ho«n-ep-tÅmþtcmSn- n-cn¡p I\n-hp-Å-h-c-Ã-bsÃm

t]bm-bn-Xn{X ]I-bp-Å-h-tcm-S-Sp- pþt]mbm-e-sX{X XI-cm-c-dn-bm-h-XsÃ?t]mbm-ep-an- n-cn-bp-an§p aSn¨p \n¶pþt]mbm-en- n-\n-cn-bp-am-§-f-am-cp -sImÃpw

Ft¶mXn \mW,-a-g,epÄs¡m-Xn, t]Sn, ap¼mþsbmt¶m-Xn-c-¡p-an-h-sbm-s¡-bp-ap-Ån-emÀ¶v\nt¶m-cnfw IpbnÂ samgn¡ IXmÀsImSp¯nþ«t¶m-Xn-\m-\-h-sfm-sSm¶p Nncn¨p tIma³

tXSn-¡-bÀ¯p ]S-bnÂ ]eÀ IqSn-h-¶mÂIqSn-¡-cp- p-Sb I¿nXpw Iqkp-InÃtamSn-¡p-th-n-b-c-hm-fn-sX-Sp- -XÃt]Sn-¡-th ]nSam³angn sXÃp-t]mepw

I¿pÅ \mfn-e-Xn-en-s§mcp hmfn-cns¡sa¿pÅ amä-e-cn-em-cp-sa-Xr- -Sp- mÂC¿pÅ hs¶mcp Ipep-¡-hp-an-Ã-sb¶p\n¿p-Ån-temÀ¡pIe-c-¼-s\-gp-¶-ht¼!I¿p-¦-W¡p aW-bmsX I\¯ amcns]¿p-¦-W-¡p-S-ep-hn« Icn-¼p-hn-Ã³F¿p-¦-W-bv¡p-a-h-t\m-Sn-h-t\äp tXmäp

]pÃm-Wn-\n¡p ]S-bm-fn-IÄ, \n¦-S-¡¬þsXÃmWp tX³samgn XSp- n-Sp-hm³ sRcp¡w;sXÃm-I-bmÂ sXfn-hn-b¶p XpW-bv¡Ww \oþbÃm-bvIn-em-§-f-IÄ X³ ]Wn s]§Ä sN¿pw

Ft¶mXn \nÂ¡p-samcp tIma-s\m-Smbv ]Xp-s¡þ¡pt¶m-S-Snª ape-bm-f-h-sfm-¶p-c- pþ\t¶m \ap-¡n-Xn-Xn-\mse hcpw Xc-t¡þsSt¶m \n\-bv¡n-eXp Rm³ ]d-tb--Xptm?

Xocm-sX-bp-sÅmcp ]nW-¡-sa-gp¶ ho«pþImcm-b-\m-sam-c-¼-c-¼-s\-tbmÀ¯n h®wtNcm-htXm ]d-In-Xm-§-f-am-c-dn-ªmÂt]mcmbn \n§-sfm-cp-Iq-«-scm-Sp-§p-thmfw

amen¶p thÀ]n-cn-In-epw aXn,-sb-¦nepw Nþ¯men-¶n-tbdp ag-temÀ¯n-Xp-c- -XmtW



251

tNen-¶-sX-¶n-\n-bp-a§p \n\- p-d-s¨þ¶men-¶p-sXm-«p-a-e-a¦ I\n-ªn-sX-¶nÂ

tNcp-¶Xmw adp-h-Sn¡p Xp\nªp tIma³tNcp¶ t\c-a-hÄ ]p©n-cn-]q-p, \mWwtNmcp¶ X³Xe Xncn- p-St\ \Sp§nþt¨cp-s¶m-cÃ-semSp tIma-s\m-tSmXn ]ns¶

th«-¶p-X-s¶-bn-h-sf-¡-\n-th-Xp-sat¶ysam«¨n-bm-¡p-h-Xn-\m-§-f-am-scm-cp§ntN«- -ta-dn-sbm-cp-Wn- ncn sNm¶-sXÃmwtIs«- n-t\m-¡n-SpI \man-\n-sb- p-thq

cm-Inepw hcp-an-\n-¡p-g-e§p N¯pþsImm-ep-am-§-f-IÄ NmIn-ep-a-Ã-etÃ?thm-sX -t]m-cn-\Wthmcn-h-sc- -Xn- mþ\pmw Xcw hcnI \ocn-d-§n-\nÂ¡

Ft¶m-Xnbm apSn-b-gn- -Xp-sIm-p-]n-¶nÂ\nt¶mcp tImas\ apdbv¡p ad¨S¡nIpt¶m-Sn-Sª ape-bm-e-hÄ ao³I-Sn- nþs«t¶mÀ¡p-am-dp-S-ep-e- -S-hm-bn-\n¶p

Ft§m-Xp-In-¶nhnsS hs¶mcp \mb-sc-s¶mþ«t§m-«-Sp-s¯mcp Ipdp- p-cn-bm-Sn-b-t¸mÄCt§m-«-Sp¯p hcp-sa¶psS a«p Inþ«t§m«p amdn-bp-S-s\¶p ]d-ªn-Xp®n

sNmsÃ§p t]mbn-X-hs\¶p Ipdp¸p XoÀ¨þbnsÃsâ ]n¶n-e-h-\-§ns\ t]mbva-dªpsasÃ- n-cn¨p ]d-bm-sa-h-\n-¶-I-¶nþ«ntÃ-sd-sb-¶p-a-Xn-\p®n ]d-ªp-]ns¶

t]mbo Ipdp- p-a-Xp-tI-«-h-s\- n-Sn- mþ\mbn«p aä-h-scm-sSm¯p Ing-¡p-t\m¡nBbo-sXm-Sm-bvI-cp-Xn-sX,-§n-s\-bm-Wn-h-®þambo-Sn-se-¶p-S-s\-bp-®n-bp-sam-¶-I¶p

ImWn-s¨m-cn- Wn IW-¡n\p ]än-bn-¶nþ¡mWn-¡p-an-X-§-cp-X-am- -ap-S- ³ \S¡qImWn-s¡mem shdp-a-bn-§n-s\-bn-¶n-sb¶pwImWn¨p I¬ap-\-b-b¨p ]d-ªp-sasÃ

DuWpw-I-gn-ªn-h-c-hn-em-§-f-amcp t]mbnþ¡mWp-t¼mÄ hmXnep Xpd-s¶-gp-sasâ a¨nÂImWpw hnf-¡-hn-sS-b-t¸m-g-W-ªn-Sm-ªmþemWp-Ån-\-Ã-en-\n-sb-¶p-ap-c- n-Xp®n

Nmhm-X-I-p-a-g-e¶p s]mdp-¡-h-¿mþXmhm-X-I-p-sam-cp-a«p Ign- p-Iq-«m³



Bhm-Xn-epp XpW-sb¶p ]d-ªp-I- mÀt]mhm-X-I-pSep-sImp \S-¶p-tIm-a³

cmhm-b-t\-c-a-S-en-Â ]e I¿p-IssIhm-sfmSpw ]cni I¿n-se-Sp- n-d§n]qhm hnÃ-\-cp-fm-ep-S-\p®n sNt¶mþcmhm-XnÂ ImWp-sam-cn-S- n-sem-fn- n-cp¶p

A¯m-g-ap--cn-sbm-cm-§-f-am-cp-t]m-bþtXmÀ¯m-SÂ hn«p IX-sIm«p Xpd-s¶m-cp®nDÄ¯m-cn-se-s¸m-gp-an-cn-s¸mcp tIma-s\- ³s]mÂ¯m-scm-sSm¯ ]pXp-sa-s¿m-S-W-ªp-Ip

aäp-Å-X- Sn ad-¶-e-c-¼-\-äþaäpÅ ]q¦W s]mgn- -Xp-X-s¶-tbmÀ¯vaäp-¶-es¯mShÀ Im«n-b-sXm-s¡-sb-¶mÂ]äp-¶-XÃ ]d-hm-\-dnbmw \n\¡pw

tamSn¸In«p-S-sbm-cm-b-hÄ tImas\mSpIqSn- -cp-§Â Ie-cm-Xp-S-\-¶p-cm-hnÂtXSn- -S-bv¡-W-bp-am-a-e-¼-\mbv t]mþcmSn- -Xp-s¡-b-h-\pÅ anSp-¡-S¡n

t\c-¼p-eÀ¶nSp-h-Xn¶p s]cp- -Sp- þt\c-s¼-cp-s -fn-hn-b¶p XfÀs¶m-Sp¡wBc-¼nÂap-¼n-Xn-en-\n-¡-X-dn-ªp-IqSXmc-¼-\mÀIfn Ignªp InS-¶p-d§n

hÃmsX Im¡ Ic-bp-¶Xp tI«p-WÀ¶nþ«Ãm ]nWªp NXn-sb¶p ]d-ªp-tIm-a³\Ãm-c-Wn-¡-Wn-b-em-sb-gp-ap-®n-b½\nÃmsX \Ã-hgn Ip-Nn-cn- p-d¨p

Dm¡nSmw ]Wn,bpSp- n-Sp-hm³ apjnªapm-¡n-tS-W-ap-S-enÂ Nfn tNÀ¯n-tSWwImÂ¡-W-¡n-semcp ]mW-\n-sX-¶p-tXm¶ns¡mmÂ¡p-g-¡p-h-cn-InÃ hgn-¡p-sXÃpw

h¶o-Sp-am-§-f-IÄ ImWp-In-sem-«-I¶p\n¶o-Sp-sIm¶p sXmgp-tI-bv¡pI Iq«-sc-¶mÂt]m¶o-Sp-sa-¶p-ap-c-sN-bvsXmcp ]mW-\m--¡nþ¸n¶oSp tIma-s\-bp-a¶p ]d-ªp-b¨p

hm-c-Wn-¡p-gen s]«n-bnÂsh¨p ]q«nþs¡mm-fp-S³ ]cni hmfn-h-b-¶p-]ns¶Xom-cn-bm-bn-Sp-I-bm-semcp aps-Sp- m³XmÀsXm-gpw-an-gn-bp-Wn- n-cn-th-n-h¶p

tIa- n-bm-Ip-a-hÄ app sImSp- p-]ns¶tImasâ hmÄ]-cn-i-sb-¶nh Is-Sp¯pCua«p ]än-Sp-I-bn-Ãn-hn-S- n-se-t¶mÀþ¯ma-¦-bm-f-Xp-X-\m-§-f-amÀ¡p-\ÂIn.

tIm«-bv¡-ep-Å-h-\p-an§p \ap-¡p-a- mþ



em«-bv¡p-ap-Å-h-bn-sem-¶nXp XoÀ -Xs¶tN«-bv¡n-sX-§ns\ InS- nXp tImat\m Cþt§m«-bv¡p-tI-dn-h-cn-sI¶p hcp-¶Ã

tIm«-bv¡Â hmgp-samcp Ipª-\Xmw ac-bv¡mþtcsdbv¡p Npäp-an-\n-sb- n\p \man-cn¸qtIt«-bv¡pta Nne-cn-sX-¶p-ap-c- p-S³ taþevt]mt«bv¡p t\m¡n-b-hÀ ssIh-cnÂ aq¡nÂsh¨p

hnt«-bv¡-h-¿n-hsf sh«n-\p-dp-¡n-t\m-¡nþ§nt«bv¡Ww I\n-hp-Im-«-cp-sX-s¶m-cp- ³;sam«bv¡p \½psS sNmSn- -dn-bn-¡p-hm-\þt§mt«-bvcvcp-t]m-W-an-\n-sb-¶n-XnÂ asäm-cp- ³

amtdm-Sn-Sª ape-bm-fpsS a«p-]mÀ¯pÄþ¨qtSm-Sn-h-®-a-h-tcm-Xn-bn-cp-¶n-Sp-t¼mÄhotSm-S-Sp¯p acphpw NXn-sb³ shfn- þ¸mtSm-Sn-sb- n-bnXp tI«p InS-¶p-c¨p

hÃm- -Xm-sbmcp \S- n-Xp-sIm-sm-c-äþanÃm- -amÂh-cp-an-hÄ¡p-h-cpw-]n-d- nÂsImÃmsX hn«n-Sp-Intem ]e t\mÂ¼n-\m-eþXnÃm-sX-bm-¡p-h-Xn-\n§p \ap¡p t\m¡mw

sNmÃmÀs¶m-c-¼-e-a-Xn-¶-cn-I-s¯m-cmfpwsNÃm¯ a«n-semcp ho«n-en-cp- nSmw Rm³FÃm-bvs¸mgpw ae-a-IÄ¡p-S-tbmcp Imeoþ\ÃmÀ \n\¨p ]e t\mÂ¼p-IÄ t\män-Ss«

DusSm«p In«n-b-Xn-\mÂ NXn-b³ shfn- þ¸msSm«p X©-sam-Sp-an-§ns\ sNmÃn-b-t¸mÄtIsSm-«pta Icp-Xo-Sm-XXp \Ã-sX-¶m-bvþt¼mtSmÀ¯p-sIm--X-h-c-§ns\ XoÀ -bm¡n

DÄ¸n- n-b-¶-h-cp-ap-®nsb t\sc-bm-¡mþt\Â¸n¨p IÅ-s\, bh³ Icfpw IpfpÀ¯v]mÀ¸n¨p sNm¶-]-Sn, ]ns¶ \S-¶-sXÃmwtIÄ¸n- p, tIg-angn tI«p angn- p-t]mbn

At¸mÄ ]nW-ªp-N-Xn-bmÂ s\Sp-hoÀ¸n-b-s¶mþ«t¸mÀap-e-¡p-S-ap-eªp he-sªm-cp®nCt¸m-g-b- o-SpI tIma-s\m-cm-sf-sb-¶mþbpÄt¸mcp IqSp-a-h-t\m-S-g-tem-Sp-c¨p

Ht¶m-Sn-\m-\-h-\p,-sa-s´mcp ]n¨p tIma³\nt¶mSp tNcp-h-Xn-\m-cp-a-b-bv¡-bnÃFt¶m-Sp-IqsS acp-ho-S-I-Xs¶ \ÃþsXt¶m-Xp-am-b-h-s\m-Sp-®n-bp-d-¨p-c¨p

N¯m-ep-sa³I-W-h-\m-Inb tIma-\-ÃmþXpÄ¯mcp asäm-cp-h-t\-Ip-I-bn-sÃtSm Rm³F¯m³ aSn-¡p-I-bp-an-Ã-h-\mfp sN¶mÂ



t]mbv¯m-\n-Xm-§-f-I-tfm-S-dn-bn- o-tSWw

Ft¶m-Xp-am-b-h-fn-epÄs¡mXn ]äp-In-Ãþsbt¶mÀ¯-I- n-\psS hmXn-e-S- p-]q«n\nt¶m-Sn-W¡n apXÂ thXp Rm³ ac-bv¡mÀþXt¶mSp hm§n-Sp-h-s\¶p ]d-ªp-t]mbn

häo-Sp-sa-s¶-bn-h-\n¶p NXn- p, amepamäo-Sp-hm-\n-hn-sS-bn-s¸m-sgm-cp- -\nÃ]äo-Sptam ]Wn-bn-sX-¶-hÄ tIma-\nÂ t]mþbv]äo-Sp-ap-sÅmcp \n\¨p Ipd- p-\n¶pamemÀ¶p tahp-a-I- n-\p-tÅmþcmhm-Xn-ep-¶p-Sb ]qs«m-cp-h³ Xpd¶pssIhm-sf-Sp- -cn-InÂ sh -hÄ thn-h-¶mÂNmhm-\p-d¨p IcÄ tIma-\n-em¡n hmWp

\nsÃ¶p IqsS hcp-thmsc hf- nÂ \nÀ¯nsasÃ¶p hmXnep Xpd-¶p-St\ ac-bv¡mÀInsÃ-¶nsb IW-bp-am-b-W-bp-s¶m-c- qþhnsÃ-¶p-\-Ã-Sn-a-bmbv apdn-bnÂ IS¶p

amemaeÀ¡-W-I-fm-ep-f-hm-b-Xm-äm³taemsX am¸n-f-bp-ap-®n-sbm-sSm-«-Sp¯p]mem«p tIma-\psS s]®n-h-sf¶p ]p¯³þ]mem-bn-S-ª-sam-gn-bm-fp-ap-c-s -Woäp

]mcnÂs]-cp¯p ]pI-gmÀs¶mcp tIma-s\sât]cnÂs]-Sp¶ I\n-th-Xp-a-dn-ªn-SmsXBcn-s¸m-gn-§-W-h-Xn-§ns\ tIma-t\mSptIdn- n-Sn-¡p-In-e-h³Xe sImbvsX-Sp¡pw

\nÂ¡m-bvI-t]mI ]pd-tIm-«n\n am¸ntf \oshbv¡mbvI Imsem-c-Sn-t]m-ep-a-Sp- n-tSC¡m-Wp-sa-¶p-Sb hmfn\p Xo\p \ÂIm³t\m¡m-bva-sb-¶p-a-hÄ hmfp-ap-e- p-c¨p

sh«pw ]d-ª-]-Sn-bn-¶n-h-sf-¶p-tXm¶pwa«p-sÅm-cm-sam-gn-IÄ tI«p-St\ ac-bv¡mÀC¶pÅ t]cn-h-s\m-tSÂ¡nsem«pa§psa¶pp t]Sn-bn-h-\-Ã-Wn-Iq- -emsf!

F¶m-ep-sa-¶n-semcp t]Sn-s]-Sm-sX-bn§ph¶m³s]-cp- p-h-j-f- -hp-tamÀ¯n-h³Xm³sIm¶m-sem-gn-ªn-\n-b³]I t]mI-bnÃX¶m-ep-sa-¶p-Sb hmfn-Xn-\n-¡p-Xs¶

Ft¶mXn hmfp-Ss\ hm§n-bmÂ ac-bv¡mÀþXt¶m-Sn-d-§n-Sp-sIm-cp-§n-Sp-sI¶p sNmÃn



Xt¶m-Sp-IqsS hcp-thmsc hne-¡n, t\À¯pþhc-t¶mcp am¸n-f-IÄ aq -s\m-Sm-sª-Xr¯p

]mcnÂ¸p-IÄs¸m-ena s]m§nb am¸n-fbv¡pt]mcnÂs]-Sp-s¶mcp anSp¡p apdbv¡p Im¬am³t\cn-«n-Sp¶ sImXn-bm-semcp sXÃp-t\cwt\cn-«p-\n¶p Ifn-bm-b-aÀsNbvXp tIma³

Cs -®n-tesd hj-f- -a-W- p-sh-t¶mÀþ¯os¸« am¸n-f-bn-te-dn-sbm-co-d-tbmsSC¸m-Sn-hsâ Xd-hm-Sp-St\ Ipfw-tImþcn¸m-s\m-cp-§-sfm-Sn-d-§n-b-XmWp R§ÄC§m-b-hmdp hep-Xm-bn-Sp-sam¨ tI«nþsX§mcp sNbvX XI-cm-d-X-dn-ªp-sImÄhm³a§m-sX-bo-hgn Xncnªp Xncnªp ht¶³N§mXn sNbvX-Xp-W-sImp sXfnªp R§Ä

XoÀ -¡n-sXm¶p ]dbmw ]pXp-Xm-bn-Sp-¶oþthgv -bv¡p-ta-en-e-b-thXpaWªnSmbvhm³NmÀ¨bv¡p R§-fpsS s]§sf thÄ¡p-sI-¶mbvtNÀ -sb-¡p-sam- -]Sn aq¯ Ipdp¸p sNm¶m³

Ct¸À ]pIgv¶ Xd-hm-Sn-I-f-¶p-sXm«psIÂt -doSpw ]Sn-bn-W-§n-b-a-«n-embnDÄ¸n¨p XoÀ¯n-sXm-cp-am-Xncn \Ã- m-jþbvs¡m¸n¨p thfn-bn-cp-Iq-dp-an-W-§n-\m-«nÂ

sNmÃmÀ¶ \Ã ae-bm-f-a-Xn-¦-se-s´þ¶nÃm-X-Iq-sdm-S-hn-Ss¯ hnSm- -a-«nÂ\Ãm-cWnsªmcp \n\-¡-dn-hm-tXm-XnþbÃmsX amdnXn\p \·-Np-cp-§p-atÃm

Imfp-¶n-XpÄs¯-fnhp tXs·mgn-bn-{X-\m-tfþbv¡mfp-\n-\-¡p-angn sXÃp-a-S- n-SmsXaqfp¶n-Xn-¶n-\n-bp-an-§n-s\-bm-In-se-Ãmþ\mfpw \n\¡p sXfn-hm³ hgn-t\m-¡nSmw Rm³

s\t·-\n-hm-I-a-eÀta\n shSn-ªphmgv¯pwXt·\n t\À]-Ip-Xn-X-s¶-gp-aq-c-I¯pþÅt½! \n\-¡p-Sb ImenW ssIsXmgpt¶³

Ipdn- p-IÄBJym-\-cq-]- n-emWv Ihn Imhyw cNn- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. IY hnt\m-Z-cq-]- nÂ ]d-bp-I-

bmWv e£yw. DuWpw Ignªv Dd-§p-¶-Xn-\p-ap³]v À¯mhv mcysb ckn- n-¡m³ ]Xn-hmbnIY-]-d-bp-¶-Xmbn IÂ]n-¡p-¶p. CSbv¡v Dd-§n-t¸m-Im- -a-«nÂ ck-I-c-ambn ]pXn-sbmcp IY]d-bm-sa¶v Ihn {]nbbv¡v hm¡p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. IY-\ssien ap¯-Èn-¡-Y-bp-tS-Xp-Xs¶. ]Zy-¯n-em-sW-¦ne

1. Cc-hnÂ þ cm{Xn-bnÂ an¶Â \mWn- n-Sp¶ aS-hmÀ þ an¶-en-s\-¡mÄ kpµ-cn-bmb kv{Xo.a¨nÂ þ apdn-bnÂ.

2. C\n¡v þ F\n-¡v. (Cu cq]w km[m-c-W-amWv Ipqcnsâ IrXn-I-fnÂ)3. Iä-¡-cnw-Ip-gen þ Iä-t]mse Idp¯ apSn-bp-Å-hÄ



4. sRcp¡w þ {]bm-kw. I«n- -ta-dp-ap-SÂ t]mc þ Dd- pÅ icocw am{Xw aXn-bm-In-Ã. Gh\pwþ GsXm-cp-h\pw

5. a¶n-¦Â þ temI- v. Xncn-bm- -a«v þ CÃm- -a-«v.H¶q-d-Xm-a-cnb hosSmsSXr¯-]m-emþs«¶pÅ \Ã Xd-hm-S-hn-S- n-etÃmH¶qdmw F¶p-t]-cpÅ {]kn-²-ho-«p-Im-tcmSv FXn-cn« ]mem«v F¶ {]kn-²-amb Xd-hmSvAhn-sS-(I-S- -\m-«v) bm-Wv.

6. H¶qdmw ho«p-ImÀ Ipdp- -·mcpw ]mem-«p-ho-«p-ImÀ \mb-·m-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p.apt¼-Xn\pw Icp-Xn-\n-¡-Xn-\n-h-®þat¼m Xnc-¡p-a-hÀ X½nÂ apgp¯n-cp¶p.

GXn\pw apt¼ AXv F\n¡v AXv F\n¡v F¶o-{]-Imcw IcpXn AhÀ X½nÂ aÕcwapgp ¯n-cp-¶p. Xnc¡v þ aÕ-cw.

7. ioa- -bäv þ ]mÝmXy-bp-²-apd8. InS þ Xpeyw9. Imf-bv¡p-Im-Wp-sam-cp-tXm-fp.... ]pcp-jkuµcyw hyà-amb D]-am-\-§ÄsImv hyà-am-¡p¶p.

FÃm \mb-I-·mcpw Htc A¨nÂ hmÀ¯-t]mse tXm¶m³ Cu kt¦Xw Imc-W-am-bn. Icn-¼-\bv¡p Imfpw Ipdp¼p If-bp-¶p-SÂ þ Icn-¼-\-bpsS hÀ[n¨ Al-¦mcw CÃm-Xm-¡p¶ icocw.(A-{Xbv¡p _en-jvTw)

10. hm-d-Wn¡pgen þ hn-s\-t¸mse Idp¯ XeapSnbpÅhÄ. XnmSn t\À¡pw þ FXnÀ¯vt\sc hcp-¶.

11. At§mÀs¡-Xr¯ þ At±-ls¯ FXnÀ¯. Din-cn-bÀ¶þ sNmSn-bpÅ12. ]m«nÂI-gn- -Xn\v þ btYjvSw \S- p-¶-Xn\v13. Icp-Xn- n-Sn¡pw þ Btem-Nn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡pw14. Xmen-sI«v þ ]gb BNm-cw. s]¬Ip«n {]mb-am-Ipwap¼v apd-s -dp-¡-s\-s¡mtm atäm Ah-

fpsS Igp- nÂ Xmen-sI-«n-¡p¶ NS-§v. CXv hnhm-l-_-Ô-a-Ã. ]t£ Xd-hm-Snsâ {]uUn-Im-Wn-¡p¶ hn[- nÂ BtLm-jhpw kZybpw thWw.

15. Xn®\v þ A¶v XoÀ -bm-bpw. \mSp-hm-gn-¡®w Ipd-¡p-sam-cp-I-«nÂ þ \mSphmgn-bmbn F®n-s¡mv(I-cp-Xn-s¡m-v) \ÂInb I«nÂ (hn{ian-¡m³ I«nÂ)

16. ]pXp-ssI-s¯m-gnÂ þ ]p¯³ Ic-Iu-i-e-hkvXptXm¶o-Sm-hp-¼-Sn¡v þ tXm¶n-t¸m-Ipw-hn[w

19. amä-eÀa¦ þ i{Xp-Ip-Spw-_- nse s]®v. ssIhogvN þ ssI¸ng (i-{Xp-ho-«p-Im-cn-sb-¶-dn-bmsXCjvS-s -«-Xns\ Dt±-in- v)

20. tXm¶n-t]m-em-b-X-hÄ þ tXm¶n-t]mepw BbXv AhÄ. sNmSn- pW þ {]Xyp-Xv]-¶-a-XnXzw22. BtI--Xmbn þ htc-Xp h¶p23 Icn-¼p-hn-Ã³ þ Ima-tZ-h³. Imbp-s¶m-cpÅv þ thIp¶ a\Êv25 i{Xp-hmb Ima³, Chsâ Xe-bnÂ P\n- -t¸mÄ Fgp-Xn-h- Xv X«n-am-äm³ BÀ¡p Ign-bpw.

htc-Xv hcn-I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. AÃÂ (Zp:Jw) aXn-bm-¡mw. ]pd-s -SpI Xs¶ F¶pXpSÀ¶p-]-d-ªp.

26. Ag-ep-hn- -e-c-¼-s\-§p-]m-hp-¶Xpw þ Ima-tZ-h³ hnX-bv¡p¶ Zp:Jam-Ip¶ hn¯v.27. Imdp-aÃpw sXmgpw Ipgen þ ImÀta-Lhpw cm{Xnbpw hW-§p¶ Xe-ap-Sn-bp-Å-hÄ.28. tImfÃ þ icn-bÃ31. A¯mÀ sXmgpw þ B ]qhv hW-§p¶. s]mÂ¯mÀ þ s]m³]qhv33. tN«¯w þ NXn-{]-tbmKw. XS-hnÃ-Ãþ kwiban-Ã.36. sNmSn-b-cm-§-f-amÀs¡m-cbv¼p sNänÃ þkaÀ°-·m-cmb ktlm-Z-c-·mÀ¡v Zb AÂ]-hp-an-Ã.38. s]cp-Ipaps¦mSv þ hen-b-lp-t¦msS39. CS-bn-f¡w þ Zp:Jw40. sIt¦-a-¦-bÀ¯-XnÂ þsIt¦-a³ IbÀ¯-Xp-aqew41. Ah-fpsS B \nÂ]p-I--t¸mÄ ]änÃ þ i{Xp-¡Ä kwc-£n¨ s]®nsâ a\Êv Ah-\nÂ



sNÃp-I-bn-Ã. Ah-fnÂ IcÄsN-¶p-t]m-bXv A_-²-am-bn. Cu Nn´ tIma³ H«p-amän sXfn-ªp-\n-¶p.

42. tImasâ {]W-b-kw-{àw ck-I-c-ambn hÀWn-¡p¶p Cu tÇmI- nÂ. AÀ°w: t]Sn-sImv\nÂ¡m³ a\-Êp-]-d-bp-¶p. Ima-tZ-h-\m-Is« sNÃp-sNÃp F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p. \mWw aqew AXp-th Ipsd Ign-bs« F¶p tXm¶p-¶p. ]dbq F¶v DS³ sImXn D]-tZ-in-¡p-¶p. H¶pwkwkm-cn-¡p-hm³ Bf-ÃmsX Ah³ H¶p ]cp§n \n¶p.

46. NeXv þ IÅw. s]mSn Im¨pI þ \in¸n-¡pI F¶ AÀ°- nÂ DÅ {KmaoW-ssien.47. ho«n-ep-tÅm-tcm-Sn- n-cn-¡pþ ho«n-ep-Å-h-tcmSv AÂ]w t]mepw51. amd-d-eÀ þ i{Xp52. F¿p-¦-Wbv¡p þ F¿p¶ A¼n-\v. \n¿q-¦-Wbv¡p þ Cu lp¦-W-bv¡p-¶. I¿pw IW¡p

anÃmsX t]am-cn-s]-¿p-t¼mse Ai-co-cn-bmb Ima-tZ-h³ F¿p¶ A¼n\v {]Xn-hn[n BÀ¡pwAdn-bn-Ã. Cu lp¦-W-bv¡p¶ Ima-t\m-tSäv Ch³ tXmäp.

53. hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ _Ô-\-Ø-\mb A\n-cp-²-\nÂ CtX Bibw \mb-I³ \mbn-I-tbmSv ]dbp-¶p-v. tIma- ³ hmbn¨ kwkvImcw hÅ-t¯m-fnÂ InS-¶-Xm-Imw.

58. sam«- n-bm-¡pI þ hn[-h-bm-¡pI62. Ah-\n-¶-I-¶n-«n-tÃsd þ Ah³ C¶v Gsd AI-¶n-«nÃ69. Aä-a-äpÅ ]q¦W þ Ah-km-\-an-Ãm¯ ]qh¼v72. \Ãm-c-W-¡-Wn-bÂ þ kpµ-cn-am-cpsS Iq«- n-\-e-¦mcw78 ac-bv¡m-tc-sd-bv¡pNpäpw þ ac-bv¡mÀ Gsd ASp¸w79 t\¡n-t«-bv¡Ww þ \ap¡v CSWw. sam«bv¡p Xe -sam-«-b-Sn¨ CÉmw-aX-¡m-c-s\.83 DuSvþku-Icyw. X©w-þ-X{´w. \Ã sX¶mbv t¼mtSmÀ¯pþ \ÃsX¶v A³t]msSHmÀ¯p88. \nt¶m-SnW¡n þ \obp-ambn _Ôn- n¨v97. Du¸n-Snþ òj-Wn. C¶pÅ t]cn-h-t\m-tSÂ¡pIn-sem«p a§pw þ \nÊm-c\mb Cht\mSv bp²w

sNbvXmÂ Xsâ IoÀ¯n a§pw.101. IavWn-W-tbm-Sp-Iq-sSbs¡mÂt\À\n-d-sa-gp-s¶m-cp-hmÄ Nph¶p þ I®n-W-bvs¡m¸w

sImÂ\n-dapÅhmÄ Nph¶p102. tImasâ I®\v AXn-bmb ASp¸w (Xm-Xv]-cyw) Df-hm-¡p¶ D®n-b-½-bpsS A[-c- n-\p-Xpey-am-

bmÂ (D-®n-b-½-bpsS A[cw t]mse Nph¶v BIÀj-I-am-bmÂ) Chsâ DÅv C\n F¶nÂh¶pIfn¡pw F¶p-I-cpXn hmÄ tNmc-bnÂ Ipfn-¡m³ DS³ XpS-§n. D®n-b-½sb kvt\ln-¡pw-t]msehmfn-s\bpw kvt\ln-¡-Ww.

114. Cud þ i{XpX þ ÇmSv þ Ct¸mÄ.

ae-b-hn-emkw

G.-BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½-bpsS BZys¯ kzX{´ aebm-f-Im-hy-amWv ae-b-hn-emkw (1895).Ccp-]- ©p ]Zy-§-fpÅ Cu IrXn-bnÂ, t]cp kqNn- n-¡pw-t]mse aeb (k-ly) ]Àh-X- nsâ`wKn-Ifpw ta·-I-fp-amWv hÀ®n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. aZn-cm-in-bnÂ \n¶v Xncp-h-\- -]p-c-t¯¡p aS-§pw-hgnXncp-\Âthen apXÂ X]mÂ hn-bnÂ k©-cn¨ Ihn kÔym-k-a-b¯v Ing-¡p- m-K¯p \n¶pkly-]Àh-X-\nc ho£n- -t¸mÄ a\-Ên-ep-bÀ¶ hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-§Ä¡v At¸mÄ Xs¶ cq]w \ÂIn-b-t{X Cu eLp-Im-hyw. "X]mÂh-n-bnÂ bm{X-sN-¿p-¶-Xn-\n-Sbv¡v cp-Zn-hkw (1070 ao\w 30,taSw 1) sImmWv cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ CsXgpXn-b-Xv' F¶v Poh-N-cn-{X- nÂ ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Cucp Znh-k- n-\p-ÅnÂ Ft¸mtgm cNn- p-sh-¶p-am-{Xta hnNm-cn-¡m³ ]äq. GXm-bmepw cN-\m-{]-tNm-Z\w shfn-s -Sp- p¶ hne-s¸« Hcp mKw Ub-dn-bnÂ\n-s¶-Sp¯p Poh-N-cn-{X- nÂ tNÀ¯n-«p-v. ""Bcp-hm-sam-gn- m-X-bnÂ \n¶p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ ImW-s -Sp¶ kly-]Àh-X-\n-c-bpsS ]In«pwtim`bpw I®nÂs -Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ \nhr- n-bn-Ãm- -hn[w A{X Nn¯m-IÀj-I-am-bn-cp-¶p. a²ym-Ó-¯nÂt]mepw taL-]-cn-Ñ-¶-§-fm-bn-cp¶ D¶-X-irw-K-§sf t\m¡n-s¡m-pÅ bm{X, Fsâ Ihn-Xm-IuXpIs¯ H¶n-f-¡n-hn-«p. a\-ÊnÂ DZn- p-bÀ¶ Bi-b-§sf At¸mÄ¯s¶ ]Zy-cq-]- nÂIpdn- n-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp''. kztX {]IrXn kvt\lnbpw k©m-c-{]n-b-\p-amb B sdmamân-¡nsâ a\-Êns\ DZm- -Kw- o-c-amb B at\m-l-c-Zriyw F{X-tbsd AZv`p-Xm-Ëm-Z- -cn-X-am-¡n-bn-cn¡pw F¶Xv\ap¡v Duln-¡m³ Ign-bpw. ae-bm-N-e-sa¶ "kZzkvXp' "]nSn-IqSn' "Cuh-®-saÃmw sNmÃn- -Xm-sW¶v Ihn-X-bnepw (]. 25) ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. CXnÂ\n-s¶Ãmw Hcp hkvXpX hyà-am-Ip-¶p. "ae-b-



hn-emkw' Hcp {ZpX-I-h-\-am-Wv.sdmamânIv þ \ntbm¢mknIv Awi§Ä CSIeÀ¶p {]Xy£amIp¶A´cmfL«¯nsâ({]n sdmamânIv ImeL«¯nsâ) IhnXbmWv aebhnemkw

{]kn-²o-I-c-Whpw ]mThpw

cN\ \S¶ AtX amk- nse "hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn\n' amkn-I-bn-eqsS (1070 taSw, ]pkvX. 6, \¼À 7) "ae-b-hn-emkw' ]pd- p-h-¶p. BÀ. cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ tImbn- -¼p-cm³ Fw.-F. F¶-t]-cnÂ. Nne hm¡p-IÄ¡v AXnÂ ASn-¡p-dn-s -gp-Xn-t¨À¯Xv Ihn Xs¶-bm-I-Ww.

tIc-f-hÀ½ hen-b-tIm-bn- -¼p-cm³ 1912þÂ {]km-[\w sNbvX ]Zy-]m-Tm-hen Ggmw `mK-¯mWv "ae-b-hn-emkw' cm-aXp h¶-Xv. 1930þkv Xncp-h-\- -]p-cs¯ _n.-hn. _p¡p-Un-t¸m-¡mÀBbmw-IpSn ]n.-BÀ. i¦-c- n-Å-bpsS Sn -W-t¯m-Sp-IqSn ]pkvX-I-am-¡n. "Z£n-W- m-jm-{K-Ù-a-WvU-e- n-\p-thn 1957þÂ tUmIvSÀ. Fkv.-sI. \mbÀ k¼m-Z\w sNbvX "Ime- n-sâ- IhnXI-fnepw"ae-b-hn-emk-k-ap-v.

hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n-bnÂ 25 ]Zy-ap-s-¦nepw ]Zy-]m-Tm-h-en-bnÂ 22 F®ta DÅ-q. 14, 15, 25 Chaq¶p-amWv hn«p-I-f-ª-Xv. 25þmw ]Zyw Imhy-c-N-\m-tl-Xp-¡-sf-¡p-dn- pÅ {]kvXmhw am{X-am-Wv.Imhy- m-K-aÃ F¶-Xmhmw ImcWw.

Cu eLpImhys¯ A©p `mKambn¯ncn¡mw.

1. Ccpp\o hkvXphnsâ ]pXpabmÀ¶ hÀ®\ (1þ3)

aeb]ÀÆXs¯ Ccpp\o almcq]ambhXcn¸n¡p¶ Ihn XpSÀ¶v aq¶vD]am\§fneqsS aebs\ hÀWn¡p¶p.

2. amcpXt\mSpÅ IhnbpsS k¦ev]`mjWw (4þ8)

amcpX³ F¶ `mh\mkrjvSnsb IYm]m{Xam¡ns¡mv Ihn Hcp¡p¶\mSIobkw`h§fpsS ssNX\ymßIX anI¨ BkzmZ\hn`hamIp¶p.Cu ]Zy§fnse\qX\Xzw a\Ênem¡nbmhWw AÀ°w {Klnt¡Xv.

3. aaXz¯nsâ kzm[o\X (9þ10)

\mSIobamb {]Xn]mZyhyXnbm\w....kztZim`n\nthisa¶ Xo{hhnImc¯nsâ ISp¯kzm[o\XbnÂ X\n¡v tNX\mtNX\hnthN\ tijnt]mepw \jvSs¸«tÃm F¶phnkvabn¡p¶p.CuaaXzt_m[w X\n¡p am{XaÃ aeb\papmbncn¡p¶psh¶v]dbp¶p.kmb´\kqcys\ Xsâ Acpak´m\amb DZbkqcys\¶p \nanjt\ct¯¡paeb³ sXän²cn¨p.

4. klyt\¸än klyt\mSpXs¶ \S¯p¶ Ihn`mjWw (11þ23)

klysâ hnhn[ kz`mh§Ä klyt\mSpÅ NSpeXbmÀ¶ hnhn[ `mjW¯neqsSBhnjvIcn¡p¶p.

5. ]cipcmat\mSpw klyt\mSpapÅ \½psS IS¸mSv (24)

tIcfobÀ¡v IrjvWt\¡mÄ Bcm[y\mWv ]cipcmas\¶v bpàn]qÀÆw Øm]n¡p¶p.

Hcp hnem]wkmlnXyt£{X¯nÂ {]XnjvTn¡s¸« hn. kn. _meIrjvW¸Wn¡À AhdpIfpsS

hn{Kl¯nsâ CShpw hehpw \ndªpI¯p¶ cp sISmhnf¡pIsf¶v {]kn²§fmWv Hcphnem]hpw hnizcq]hpw. hn.kn, IrXnIfnÂ Gähpw IqSpXÂ ]cmaÀi\§Ä¡vhnt[bambn«pÅXpw ChXs¶. Cu cpIrXnIÄ GXpIme¯mWv cNn¡s¸«sX¶Imcys¯¡pdn¨v Chsb¡pdns¨gpXnb ]eÀ¡pw IrXyab hnhcw e`n¨ncp¶nÃ. Fw. BÀ. \mbÀC¡mcyw Xpd¶p ]dbp¶pv. Bimsâ hoW]qhv A¶v an¡hmdpw hnSÀ¶p Ignªncnbv¡bnÃF¶Hcp [mcW ]nÂ¡me¯v ]ecnepw thcpdbv¡m\pw cN\mImes¯¡pdn¨pÅ AÚXhgnsh¨p.

Bimsâ ‘hoW]qhv’ {]kn²nIcn¨Xv 1907 \hw_À þ Unkw_À Ime¯mWv AXpIgnªv



Bdpamk¯n\ptijw AXmbXv 1908 Pqssebv amk¯nte ‘hnem]w’ {]kn²nIrXamIp¶pÅp.Ih\IuapZnbnÂ ]ns¶bpw aq¶phÀjw Ignªv 1911 Unkw_dnemWv hnizcq]¯nsâ{]ko²nIcWw. At¶bv¡p hÅt¯mfnsâ _[nchnem]hpw Ipamc\mimsâ \fn\nbpw]pd¯ph¶p Ignªncn¶p. Cu hkvXpX a\ÊnÂsh¨psImÃmsX hnem]t¯bpwhnizcq]s¯bpw kao]nbv¡p¶Xv icnbmbncnbn¡bnÃ.

“ hnizkmlnXy¯nse GXp JWvUImhyt¯mSpw InS\nev¡¯¡ almßywhnem]¯n¶ps¶pw AXp cNnbv¡pt¼mÄ ]Wn¡À¡v hmKvtZhX GtXm Hcp {]tXyIhn[¯nÂ apàlkvXbmbn A\p{KlhÀjw ” sNbvXncnbv¡asa¶pw BWv DÅqÀ Cu IrXnsb{]iwkn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. tXmakvt{KbpsS ‘FenPn dn«³ C³ F I¬{Sn NÀ v bmUv ’ F¶ IhnXtbmSvHcp hnem]s¯ XmcXays¸Sp¯ns¡mpw AXn\pÅ IS¸mSv Nqn¡mWn¨ps¡mpwF.BÀ.\mbÀ, Fw.eoemhXn F¶nhÀ kqZoÀLamb NÀÏÄ \S¯nbn«pv .]mÝmXyImhy§fmWv. hn.knbv¡p amXrIbmbncp¶sX¶v Cu NÀÏfneqsS kwibmXoXambnsXfnª hkvXpXbmWv.

\S¸pZo\w ]nSns¸«v acn¨pt]mb Xsâ ]Xv\nbpsS PUhpw Xm§n hÀj¡mes¯\«¸mXncbv¡v a§n¡¯p¶ hnf¡n¶cnInÂ \mbI³ GI\mbncp¶v hne]nbv¡p¶XmWv CXnse{]Xn]mZyw. Xm³Xs¶bmWv \mbIs\¶v hyàam¡p¶nsÃ¦nepw IhnXbpsSXs¶A\p`hamIbmÂ ]mÝXy hnem] Imhyam{XbnÂ FgpXs¸« Cu IrXn XnI¨pw Bß\njvThpamWv.

‘Rm³’ F¶v t\sc {]tbmKnbv¡msX Hcp ]pcpj³ F¶p ]dªv Xs¶ X¶nÂ \n¶vthÀs¸Sp¯n¡mWn¨Xn\v ImcWw Ip«nIrjvWamcmÀ kwibnbv¡p¶Xpt]mse IhnbpsS B_Ôw kapZmb¯nsâ k½Xn t\Snbncp¶nÃ F¶XmtWm? BIWsa¶nÃ. kapZmbt¯tbmD¶XhyànItftbm A§s\ AXncpIS¶v am\n¨ncp¶ Hcmfmbncp¶nÃ _meIrjvW¸Wn¡ÀImdp]nSn¨`cW s¯¡pdn¨v {]kwKn¡m\pw aq¶mWt§¡p ]t ZbnXIÄ F¶mcw`n¡p¶\nµmkvXpXn]camb tÇmIw tIcfhÀ½ henbtImbn¯¼qcm\v FgpXn Abv¡m\pw At±lwXtâSw ImWn¨n«p-v. X\nbv¡p ]Yyambncp¶ Hcp Imhykt¦Xw Ihn Dt]£n¨nÃ. Ft¶CXns\ IW¡mt¡p. Xm³ Ipw tI«pw hmbn¨pw ioen¨pt]m¶ kz´w \m«nse ]gbImhycoXnbnÂ C§s\sbmcp amäw hcp¯m³ Cw¥ojv sdmamân¡v IhnXIÄ hmbn¨p]cnNbn¨n«pwAt±lw Xp\nªnÃ F¶p hnNmcnbv¡p¶XmIpw DNnXw. ]mÝmXycpsS sdmamân¡v {]Øm\w_meIrjvW¸Wn¡sc BIÀjn¨n«pmhmw. F¶mÂ AXnsâ khntijXIÄ apgpt¡At±l¯n\v kzoImcyambncp¶nÃ.X\nbv¡p sImÅmhp¶sX¶p tXm¶nb NnesXms¡ At±lwDÄs¡mp. aäpÅhbnÂ DZmko\\mbn.

sImSpw oXnbpWÀ¯p¶ {]IrXnbptSbpw AXnÂ GImInbmbn Ccnbv¡p¶ lX`mKy\b\mbIsâbpw Nn{Xw AhXcn¸n¨v Imhy]Ým¯esamcp¡pIbmWv BZys¯ aq¶ptÇmI§fnÂsNbvXncn¡p¶Xv. H¶mas¯ tÇmIw hmbn¡p¶tXmsS¯s¶ Imet_m[apfhmIp¶tXmsScwK¯nsâ A\ymZyiamb b¦cX \½psS ap¶nÂ A\mhrXamIp¶p. cpw aq¶pw tÇmI§ÄIqSnbmIpt¼mÄ Nn{Xw ]qÀ®ambn :

Xn§ns¸m§p¶ XaÊv, ISenÂ IqSwt]mse ap§nt¸mb N{Ihmfw, hÀjImecm{Xnbnsehniz{]IrXnbpsS òXnZamb A\´Kmwòcy¯n\p ap¼nÂ \nÊlmb\mbn A´w hn«ncn¡p¶a\pjy³ ; GImInbpw Zp:JnX\pamb AbmÄ temI {]IrXnsbt¸mse au\w]qv,tNX\bäZbnXbpsS s]mSn ]qc ]qta\nbpw Xm§n B]Âk¶n]mX¯nÂ kvX_v²\mbn,ap\nªpI¯p¶ hnf¡n¶cnInÂ AXnsâ Xncn\o«m\pw IqSnbmhmsX Idp¯ajnbnÂ XoÀ¯Nn{Xw t]msebncn¡p¶ B Ccn¸v aebmf IhnXbv¡v Hcp ]pXnb A\p`hambncp¶p.hnem]Imhy§fpw {]IrXnhÀ®\Ifpw CXn\v ap¼v ChnsS Dmbn«ps¦nepw Ahbnsem¶pwImWm¯ Hcp `mhXo{hX Cu tÇmI§fnÂ {]tXyIn¨pw BZys¯ tÇmI¯nÂ\ndªp\nÂ¡p¶p.

]Ým¯ehÀ®\bv¡p tijw ASp¯ tÇmI¯nÂ t{]aw, hn{`mń, Xm]w,`bwF¶nhs¡mv cà\mUokvtXmaw kvXw`n¡bmÂ H¶padnbmsXbncn¡p¶ \mbI³ Xsâ]Xv\nbv¡p ]mc{XnI PohnX¯nÂ awKfw Biwknbv¡pIbpw AhfpsS kzÀ¤mtcmlWwk¦ev]n¡pIbpw AYhm A§s\ Hcp kzÀ¤ansÃ¦nÂ X§fnhnsS kzÀ¤am¡nhmWXpsImv[\ycmWtÃm F¶mizkn¡pIbpw AXÃ ]q\ÀÖ· hmZamWv icnsb¦nÂ X§Ä ASp¯P·¯nÂ H¶n¨p tNcpsa¶v Bin¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Xsâ {]W\nsb A{Kmk\¯nÂ



Ccp¯p¶Xn\p ap¼v hmt\mÀh\nIÄ ssIsImSp¯v A`nhmZyw sN¿p¶Xmbn«mWv IhnhÀ®n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Cu D]NmccoXn sshtZiobamWv. tIcfobaÃ.

]Xns\m¶p apXÂ \mep tÇmI§fnÂ {]Wbn\nbpsS KpW {]iwkbpw AhÄ¡p h¶p-s]« Zpc´s¯¡pdn¨pÅ ]cmaihpw \nÀÆlnbv¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶v A©p tÇmI§fnÂAtÚb§fmb Znhy{]IrXn hnImc§tfbpw kÀÆPohnX¯nsâbpw arXyp]cyhkmbnXsbbpwhnhcn¨pZmlcn¨v Ccp]Xmw tÇmI¯nÂ X¯zÚm\t¯mSv hnS]dbp¶p. CXn\ptijw hcp¶GgptÇmI§fnÂ Xsâ At¸mgs¯ Zb\obØnXntbbpw Zp:Jabamb mhnsbbpw sNmÃnbpÅhnem]amWv .FÃmän¶psamSphnÂ NqSebnse¯nb ZbnXbpsS ZoÀL\n{Zbv¡p H¶psImpwDu\w hcp¯m\mhnsÃ¶pw AhfpsS I®pIÄ \nbXn\ntbmK¯nÂ ap{ZnX§fmsW¶papÅITn\kXyw AwKoIcn¨psImv hnem]¯nÂ \n¶v hncanbv¡p¶p.

‘ Hcp hnem]’¯nse cpaq¶p tÇmI§Ä¡v tXmakv t{KbpsSFenPnbnsekam\mib§tfmSpÅ IS¸mSv ]ecpw Nqn¡mWn¨n«p-v.

_meIrjvW¸Wn¡À aqt¶m \mtem tÇmI§fnepsS X¶nepÅ sdmamân¡nsâ kzm`mhwImWn¨n«ps¦nÂ tijn¨ Ccp]XnÂ]cw tÇmI§fneqsS ImWn¨n«pÅXv Xsâ \ntbm¢mkn¡v]mc¼cys¯bmWv. A©mw tÇmI¯nse hnZypXv kmc¯nÂ hnZybmsem«nfIsamcp shdpw]mhsbt¸mepÅ Ccn¸v \ntbm¢mkn¡v IhnIfpsS BteJycq]¯nsâ hIt`Zw Xs¶bmWv.‘BÀ¯n¡SÂ\Sp , s]mt¶maÂs¨¼I¯n³ aecSn ]Wnbpw Im´X³sa¿v F¶o {]tbmK§fpw]mXn{hXy {]Xm]s¡mSnbpsS NctS, ]me©pwhmWnbmtf, amt\mSpw I®n, tXm©pw hmWnbmtfF¶o kw_p²nIfpw \ntbm¢mkn¡v ssien¡v F®w ]dª DZmlcW§fmWv. kwkIrXhr¯kzoIcWhpw \nbta\bpÅ kPm-Xob ZzXobm£c {]mkZo£bpw \ntbm¢mkn¡vioe¯nsâ e£W§fmWv.

Ip«nIrjvWamcmÀ Hcphnem]t¯¡p-dn¨v C§s\ A`n-{]m-b-s -Sp-¶p.\½psS IhnIÄ¡v XtâSw sh¨pXpS§nbn«nÃm¯ A¡me¯v ]¯ncp ]¯nb©p

hbÊpam{Xw {]mbamb Hcp \hbphmshgpXnbXv F¶ \nebv¡p CsXmcpÛpX \nÀ½nXnXs¶bmWv. Xo{hZp:JmIpesa¦nepw XtâSw hnSm¯ Fs´mc´ÊpÅ hnem]w. CXnep¶bn¨X¯zÚm\iIe§Ä km[mcW§Ä am{XamsW¦nepw AhbpsS BhnjvIcWcoXnIrXylkvXcmb IhnIÄ¡p IqSn sImXnbv¡¯XmWv .

tIihobwsI.kn.tIih]nÅ

kckKmbI IhnaWn F¶ hntij\ma¯mÂ hnJymX\mb sI.kn.tIih]nÅIhn{Xb¯nsâ Ime¯n\p sXm«pap¼v kmlnXymćo£s¯ {]`m]qcnXam¡nb{]Xn`mtPymXnkmbncp¶p.kmlnXy¯nepw kwKoX¯nepw Hcpt]mse Xnf¡tadnbXmbncp¶pAt±l¯nsâ Iem{]hÀ¯\w. kmlnXy¯nsâ \m\mcq]§fnÂ þ \mS³]m«pIfnÂ,B«¡YbnÂ, \mSI¯nÂ,kwKoX\mSI¯nÂ,Km\IrXnbnÂ,almImhycN\bnÂ,JWvUImhy¯nÂ þ At±lw Xpeyssh`hw {]ZÀin¸n¨p.lncWymkpch[w,iqc]ßmkpch[w,{ioIrjvWhnPbw F¶nh {]kn²§fmb B«¡YIfmWv. Bk¶acW Nn´miXIsa¶IrXnbnÂ Hcp Bk¶acW\mb KrlØsâ Zp:JNnÍÄ lrZbw Aenbn¡pamdv\nc¯nh¨ncn¡p¶p.e£vaoIeymWw, cmLham[hw, kZmcma,hn{ItamÀÆiobw F¶nh\mSI§fmWv.tIcfhÀa henbtImbn ¼pcmt\mSpw F.BÀ.cmPcmPhÀatbmSpw ASp¯ _Ôw]peÀ¯n.F¶mÂ henbtImbn¯¼pcm\p {]nbambncp¶ ZznXobm£c{]mkt¯mSv aaX]peÀ¯nbnÃ.`mjmIhnX F¶ teJ\sagpXn ZznXobm£c{]mkt¯¸änbpÅ Xsâ \ne]mSvAhXcn¸n¨p.sI.knbpsS hmZ§Ä sImv ZznXobm£c{]mkw Dt]£n¡s¸«nsÃ¦nepw \ÃIhnXbv¡v AXp IqSntb Xocp F¶ t_m[w Xncp¯s¸«p.Cu hmZ§Ä cp {]Øm\¯n\vhgnXpd¶p.tIcfhÀ½ {]Øm\hpw cmPcmPhÀ½ {]Øm\hpw. cmPcmPhÀ½ {]Øm\¯nepwHcp almImhyapm¡Wsa¶ A`nemj¯nsâ êamWv tIihobw.Imhy\ma¯n\vcphn[¯nÂ AÀ°w Iev]n¡mw.tIih]nÅ \nÀan¨sX¶pw tIiht\¸änbpÅsX¶pw.

{io alm`mKhX¯nÂ \mev]Xne[nIw A\pjvSp¸v tÇmI§fnÂ ]dªn«pÅ kyaÍwIYbmWv 12 kÀ¤§fnÂ 824 tÇmI§fnÂ almImhycq]w {]m]n¨Xv.cmPcmPhÀabpsSkn²má\pkcn¨v \nÀan¨XmsW¶p Imhymcw`¯nÂ {]kvXmhn¨n«pv.ZznXobm£c{]mkwDt]£n¨ncn¡pIbmsW¦nepw i_vZ`wKnbnepw AÀ°sshNn{Xy¯nepw Ihn hnPbn¨n«pv.FÃmhn[¯nepÅ {]mk§Ä¡pw ka{]m[m\yw sImSp¡p¶ coXnbmWv CXnepÅXv.



sImSp§ÃqÀ Ipªn¡p«³ X¼pcm³(1864þ1913)kwkvIrX¯nepw aebmf¯nepambn Ht«sd IrXnIÄ cNn¨p.hnZymhnt\m

Zn\n,aebmfat\mca,cknIcRvPn\n,awKtfmZbw F¶nkmlnXyamknIIfnemWv X¼pcmsâIrXnIÄ BZyw {]kn²oIrXambXv .kwkIrXcN\IfnÂ {][m\s¸«hkp`{ZmlcWw,PcmkÔh[w XpS§nb hymtbmK§fmWv.Ihn`mcXw,Awt_m] tZiw,Xp¸ÂtImfm¼n,tImcfw,\Ã`mj XpS§nbImhy§Ä \fNcnXw, k´m\tKm]mew apXemb cq]I§ÄF¶nhsbms¡ At±l¯nsâ cN\IfmWv.ChbnÂ ]eXpw {ZpXIhnXIfmbn cNn¡s¸«hbmWv.

hymkalm`mcX¯nsâ XÀPabmWv At±l¯nsâ Gähpw hnJymX kmlnXykw`mh\.18]ÀÆ§fpw 2000 A²ymb§fpw 120000 tÇmI§fpw DÄs¸« alm`mcXw XÀPa sNbvXXv shdpw874 Znhkw sImmWv.aebmfIhnXbnse sh×Wn {]Øm\¯nsâbpw]¨aebmf{]Øm\¯nsâbpw hnImk¯nÂ kp{][m\ ]¦p hln¨ hyànIqSnbmWv Ipªn¡p«³X¼pcm³.

A[n-I-hm-b-\bv¡v

1. kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw {]Øm-\-§-fn-eqsS, (F-Un-äÀ) : sI.-Fw. tPmÀPv.

2. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw : ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ

3. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY : F³. IrjvW-]nÅ

4. Xnc-sª-Sp¯ {]_-Ô-§Ä : F³. IrjvW-]nÅ

5. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw (hmeyw 1) : DÅqÀ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-¿À

6. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw (hmeyw 2) : DÅqÀ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-¿À

7. `mjm-h-tem-I\w : sI.-Fw. {]`m-Ic hmcn-bÀ

8. cma-N-cnXw Hcp hnaÀi-\m-ßI ]T\w þ ]n.-hn.-Ir-jvW³ \mbÀ

9. aWn-{]-hm-f-I-hnX þ ]n.-hn. them-bp-[³]n-Å.

10. ae-bmfw þ amähpw hfÀ¨bpw : sI.-Fw. {]`m-Ic hmcn-bÀ

11. ae-bmf Ihn-Xm-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw : Fw. eoem-hXn

12. a[y-Ime ae-bmfw : ]n.-hn. them-bp-[³]n-Å.

13. ae-bmf `mjm-N-cn{Xw (F-Un-äÀ) : Fkv.-hn. thWp-tKm-]³ \mbÀ.

14. Infn- m«v þ F³.-ap-Ip-µ³

15. sh×-Wn-{]-Øm\w þ AI-hqÀ \mcm-b-W³

16. Aaq-ey-ivtfm-I-ame þ k¼mZI³:Ac-hn-µ³

17. ae-bmf kmlnXyw Ime-L-«-§-fn-eqsS: Fcp-taen ]c-ta-iz-c³]n-Å.

18. eoem-Xn-eIw (]-T-\hpw hymJym-\-hpw) : iqc-\mSv Ipª³]nÅ.

19. D®p-\oen ktµiw (]T-\hpw hym-Jym-\hpw): iqc-\mSv Ipª³]n-Å.

20. alm-Imhy {]Øm\w : Sn.-]n. _me-Ir-jvW³\m-bÀ.

21. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cn{Xw \qäm-p-I-fn-eqsS (15 Dw 16 Dw \qäm-p-IÄ) k-¼m-Z-IÀ : ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ kvamcI {SÌv.

22. ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw 14-þmw \qäm-p-hsc þ k-¼m-Z-IÀ : ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c³ \mbÀ kvamcI{SÌv.

23. `mjm-]-cn-afw : \Sp-h«w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³.

24. `mjm-hn-Nmcw : \Sp-h«w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW³.



25. cma-N-cn-X- nÂ\n¶valm- m-c-X- n-te¡v : Fw.-Fw.]pcp-tjm- -a³ \mbÀ.

26. ae-bmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-§Ä Hcp ]T\w: N¼-¡pfw A¸p-¡p-«³]n-Å.

27. tImI-k-tµiw þ ]-T-\hpw hymJym-\hpw : tKm]n-¡p-«³.

28. ae-bm-f- m-jm-N-cn{Xw Fgp- -Ñ³hsc : cXv\-½. sI.

29. sh×Wn IrXn-IÄ þ FUn:ioshmÅn \mcm-b-W³

30. ]©m-\-\sâ hnaÀi-{Xbw : kmln-Xy-]-©m-\-\³ ]n.-sI.\mcm-b-W-]n-Å.

31. IrjvW-Km-Y þ sNdp-tÈ-cn(-kw-tim-[\w:Sn. `mkvI-c³)

32. IrjvW-Km-Ym-]-T-\-§Ä : Sn. `mkvI-c³.

33.-Úm-\- m\ þ ]-T-\hpw hymJym-\hpw : tKm]n-¡p-«³.

34.Cc-bn-½³ X¼n-bpsS B«-¡-Y-IÄ(]-T\w) þAbva\w IrjvW-ss¡-aÄ

35.-]m-«p-{]-Øm\w þ Fkv.-cm-P-ti-J-c³

36. AÀtWmkp]mXncnbpsS Imhy§Ä, Idâ v _pIvkv,tIm«bw

37.]¨aebmfw IrXnIfpw ]T\§fpw þ tUm.sI.{]tim`³(k¼mZ\w,]T\w)

38. aebhnemkw þ F.BÀ.cmPcmPhÀa,Idâ v _pIvkv ,tIm«bw

39.sI.kn.IrXnIÄ þ sI.kn.tIih]nÅ, kmwkvImcnI {]kn²oIcW hIp¸v,tIcfkÀ¡mÀ

40.abqcktµiw:tIcflrZbw (hymJym\w)

h¶mw hÀjw - university of calicutsdeuoc.ac.in/sites/default/files/sde_videos/slm-ma... · bzy-ime...

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