5/13/2015

1

How to be an effective PUBLIC SPEAKER Tuesday 12th May 2015

Asher Reynolds

Writing Centre Seminar

Contents

1. Definitions

• communicate

• persuade

• Aristotle’s argument

2. Great Speakers

• Hitler

• Martin Luther King, Jr

• Steve Jobs

• Elizabeth Gilbert

• Brene Brown

3. Philosophy

• Sri K. Pattabhi Jois

4. Preparation

• The talk

• Support material

• Practical stuff

• Some tools

5. Presentation

• The speech

• Types

6. Summary

7. References

www.publicspeakingcomics.com

5/13/2015

2

+ Definitions

Public Speaking

1. Formal

Sometimes termed ‘oration’

Speaking to a live audience

in a structured & deliberate manner

to inform, influence or entertain them

EG: seminar, formal presentation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking

2. Informal

Speaking to a group of people

With a less structured & more relaxed manner

EG: tutorial

http://www.comnetwork.org/category/publications/

all speaking is public…but why do we do it?

+ to Communicate

you are simply one person

who has an idea

who wishes to tell another

http://www.comnetwork.org/category/publications/

5/13/2015

3

+ to Persuade

Where did this idea start?

Aristotle

ancient Greek philosopher

c. 384 BCE – c. 322 BCE http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415

The goal of the argument or rhetoric

to persuade your audience that your ideas are valid

How did he do this?

by dividing the means of persuasion into 3 categories…

http://www.comnetwork.org/category/publications/

+ Persuasion – Aristotle’s Argument

http://ghiasi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/aristotle-persuasion_ghiasiorg.png

5/13/2015

4

+ 1. Ethos

credibility

ethical appeal

convincing by the character of the author – we tend to

believe people whom we respect

http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogos

http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathos-

logos

http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathos-

logos

+ 2. Logos

logical

use of reasoning

http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogos

http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathos-

logos

5/13/2015

5

+ 3. Pathos

emotional

appealing to the reader’s emotions

http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogos

http://www.storyboardthat.com/userboards/kated/ethos-pathos-

logos

+ Example

Ari – wants to order Pizza

has to convince his mum…

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4tTugqBkJU

5/13/2015

6

+ Great Speakers - Hitler

Possibly the first person in German history to use

speech to make history

He not only used reason (logos), but spoke

from the heart (pathos), and therefore reached the hearts of

those who heard him

He could sense what was in the air

http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ahspeak.htm

+ Great Speakers - Hitler

Characteristics

organisation

logical reasoning

simplicity & clarity of expression

instinct for the masses & their feelings

emotional appeal

courage

…he expressed things clearly, logically and directly – so the listeners were

convinced that what they were hearing was what they had always thought themselves

http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/ahspeak.htm

5/13/2015

7

+ Great Speakers - Martin Luther King, Jr

www.biography.com

+ Great Speakers - Martin Luther King, Jr

‘I have a dream’

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the

true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident;

that all men are created equal.”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdTpU5WZHHM

http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1951-/martin-luther-kings-i-have-a-dream-speech-august-28-

1963.php

5/13/2015

8

+ Great Speakers - Martin Luther King, Jr

Characteristics

Captivating

theatrical

preacher

Appealed to audience

black and white alike

Style

use of repetition

http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1951-/martin-luther-kings-i-have-a-dream-speech-august-28-1963.php

+ Great Speakers – Steve Jobs

Characteristics

Believes in product

Organised

Sleek presentation

Technology

Completely flawless!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_m2F_ph_uU

en.wikipedia.org

5/13/2015

9

+ Great Speakers – Elizabeth Gilbert

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86x-u-tz0MA

blog.longreads.com

+ Great Speakers – Elizabeth Gilbert

Characteristics

1. Speaks with sincere passion

shows emotion & takes a risk – it’s where the best stuff happens

2. Tells stories

people are hard-wired for stories – the oldest method of communication

3. Engages audience

Natural; smiles; eye contact; humour

www.sixminutes.dlugan.com

5/13/2015

10

+ Great Speakers – Brene Brown

www.gingerpublicspeaking.com

+ Philosophy – Sri K. Pattabhi Jois

His philosophy

Everyday he would ask himself…

1. Who I am?

2. What I doing?

3. Where I going?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois

www.shaktiyogashala-aust.com

5/13/2015

11

+ Philosophy – Sri K. Pattabhi Jois

How does this link to public speaking?

1. Be authentic

2. Be prepared – know your content

3. Be clear – what are you hoping to achieve? What are you

hoping your audience will take away with them?

www.shaktiyogashala-aust.com

+ Preparation…the talk

avoid clutter…

morebrokenarrow.com

5/13/2015

12

+ Preparation…the talk

Like an essay should have a beginning, middle and end

Beginning

Grab your audiences attention and put them at ease – you know what you are doing

set the scene – give the background

make your message, clear

give an outline

Middle

present each point clearly and logically

give evidence to support

use your own voice

End

tie it all together for your audience – 3 main points?

end with a quote, or a key idea which reinstates your message

+ Preparation…the support material

Notes

In full

Cue cards

Key words / headings

Powerpoint

Remember to reference

Technology

Be familiar with it

developingpotential.com.au

5/13/2015

13

+ Preparation…practical stuff…

1. Know your audience

background; age; number

what do they hope to achieve?

2. Know your stuff

be prepared

3. Know your space

mental practice

4. Be adaptable

have a back-up plan…

5. Questions

‘I hadn’t considered that…’

6. Timing

Time limit

Guide:

2000 words approx. 10 mins talking

12 000 words approx. 1 hour

EDIT EDIT EDIT and PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE

+ Preparation…some tools

1. Breathe

stand

count to 4

2. The Voice

Hum, Ha, Yawn

3. Practice

mirror

4. Record yourself

Understand your voice

projection

inflection

mood

pitch

speed

clarity

5. Body Language

stance

Mannerisms

words

eye contact

6. Dress

appropriate for audience

chodounsky.net http://www.write-out-loud.com/public-speaking-exercises.html

5/13/2015

14

+ Presentation…the speech

be well rested

be early – set up…

Pause

Remember, the space is where the audience internalises the

words

be flexible

don’t forget about the audience

find presenters that you like, and ask yourself why…

+ Presentation…types

FORMAL

Seminar

prepare & present in the way outlined above

INFORMAL

Tutorial

Prepare – read the material

Questions – answer, consider

Get to the point!

www.thesaleslion.com www.lincoln.ox.ac.uk

5/13/2015

15

+ a final word…

1. Don’t talk right away

2. Show up and give, not take

3. Make eye contact with the audience – one by one

4. Speak unusually slowly – they’ll wait

5. Ignore the naysayers – focus on the supporters

6. Turn nerves into excitement

7. Say ‘thank you’ when you’re done

www.entrepreneur.com

www.glasbergen.com

+

‘The biggest item that separates mediocre presentation from

world class ones is the ability to connect with an audience in an

honest and exciting way. Don’t hold back. Be confident. And let

your passion for your topic come out for all the see.’

Garr Reynolds ‘Presentation Zen’

naturalflow.biz

5/13/2015

16

+

http://www.garnetwatson.com/about-us/

+ References

Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business.. 2015. Entrepreneur - Start, run and grow your business.. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.entrepreneur.com. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Ethos, Logos, Pathos - YouTube. 2015. Ethos, Logos, Pathos - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4tTugqBkJU. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Ginger Public Speaking Training: Tips, Workshops and CoursesGinger Public Speaking | How to be brilliant at public speaking. 2015. Ginger Public Speaking Training: Tips, Workshops and CoursesGinger Public Speaking | How to be brilliant at public speaking. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.gingerpublicspeaking.com. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Joseph Goebbels, “Der Führer als Redner,” Adolf Hitler. Bilder aus dem Leben des Führers (Hamburg: Cigaretten/Bilderdienst Hamburg/Bahrenfeld, 1936, pp. 27-34.

K. Pattabhi Jois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. K. Pattabhi Jois - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Martin Luther King's I have a dream speech August 28 1963 < 1951- < Documents < American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond. 2015. Martin Luther King's I have a dream speech August 28 1963 < 1951- < Documents < American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1951-/martin-luther-kings-i-have-a-dream-speech-august-28-1963.php. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

5/13/2015

17

+ References

Public speaking exercises - the top 10 essentials for your toolkit. 2015. Public speaking exercises - the top 10 essentials for your toolkit. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.write-out-loud.com/public-speaking-exercises.html. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Public speaking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. Public speaking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_speaking. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Steve Jobs - 2007 iPhone Presentation - YouTube. 2015. Steve Jobs - 2007 iPhone Presentation - YouTube. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_m2F_ph_uU. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

U-System | University Information Technology Services (UITS). 2015. U-System | University Information Technology Services (UITS). [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.u.arizona.edu/ic/polis/courses021/ENGL_102-78/EthosPathosLogo. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

2015.[ONLINE] Available at: http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

2015. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ghiasi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/aristotle-persuasion_ghiasiorg.png. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

2015. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sixminutes.dlugan.com. [Accessed 11 May 2015].

Writing Centre Details

WEB: FACEBOOK:

EMAIL: PHONE:

VISIT:

www.adelaide.edu.au/writingcentre www.facebook.com/WritingCentreUofA writingcentre@adelaide.edu.au 8313 3021 Level 3 Hub Central, 10am-4pm Mon-Fri