i ntroduction to l ocal a rea n etworks professor saad haj bakry, phd, ceng, fiee n etwork a...

INTRODUCTION TO

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

INTRODUCTION TO

LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

Professor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEEProfessor Saad Haj Bakry, PhD, CEng, FIEE

NETWORK ARCHITECTURENETWORK ARCHITECTURE

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Saad Haj Bakry

BASIC ISSUESBASIC ISSUES

LAN TOPOLOGYLAN TOPOLOGY

REFERENCES REFERENCES LAN PROTOCOLSLAN PROTOCOLS

LAN

PERFORMANCE

LAN

PERFORMANCE

Introduction to LANs

SUGGESTED

WORK

SUGGESTED

WORK

BASIC ISSUESBASIC ISSUES

Saad Haj Bakry

LAN OBJECTIVESLAN OBJECTIVES

NETWORK

CLASSIFICATIONS

NETWORK

CLASSIFICATIONS


NETWORK

STRUCTURE

NETWORK

STRUCTURE

STANDARDS

ORGANIZATIONS

STANDARDS

ORGANIZATIONS

LAN OBJECTIVESLAN OBJECTIVES

Saad Haj Bakry

SHARING:

Information / HW / SW

SHARING:

Information / HW / SW


ENABLED: by Microprocessors..

ENABLED: by Microprocessors..

APPLICATIONS: Data & Image Processing / Speech Recognition / Video

Conferencing / Multimedia / Scope: “Intranet” with “Extranet” & “ Internet” Extension

APPLICATIONS: Data & Image Processing / Speech Recognition / Video

Conferencing / Multimedia / Scope: “Intranet” with “Extranet” & “ Internet” Extension

Basic Issues

Basic IssuesIntroduction to LANs

Saad Haj Bakry

108

107

106

105

104

10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Distance (meter)

Data Rate (bps)

Multi -

Processor

Multi -

Processor Traditional

LANs

Traditional LANs

Traditional WANs

Traditional WANs

High Speed WANs

High Speed WANs

Metrop. Area

Networks

Metrop. Area

Networks

High-Speed LANs

High-Speed LANs

Network Classifications

NETWORK STRUCTURENETWORK STRUCTURE

Saad Haj Bakry


SS

COMMUNICATIONS SUBNETWORK:

LAN Medium / Topology / Protocols / Interfacing

SS

SS

SS

SS SS

SS SSS: ACCESS STATION

ACCESS SUBNETWORK

Basic Issues

ISOISO

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION

ADDRESS: PO Box

56, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

ADDRESS: PO Box

56, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

STARTED: 1946

200 (TCs) Technical

Committees

5000 (Standards)

STARTED: 1946

200 (TCs) Technical

Committees

5000 (Standards)

MEMBERS: 89 Countries ANSI: USA BSI: UK SASO:

Saudi Arabia

MEMBERS: 89 Countries ANSI: USA BSI: UK SASO:

Saudi Arabia

Saad Haj Bakry

Introduction to LANsBasic Issues

IEEEIEEE

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERSINSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS

ADDRESS: 345 East 47th Street, New York,

NY 10017-2394

ADDRESS: 345 East 47th Street, New York,

NY 10017-2394

STARTED: 1963 A Merger of the

American Institute of Electrical

Engineers (Started in 1884) and The Institute of Radio

Engineers

STARTED: 1963 A Merger of the

American Institute of Electrical

Engineers (Started in 1884) and The Institute of Radio

Engineers

MEMBERS: Translational

Individual Member Society

MEMBERS: Translational

Individual Member Society

Saad Haj Bakry


AROUND: 10 Divisions 40 Societies 300 Journals

500 (k) Members

Groups for Standards:

LAN IEEE 802 the basis for

ISO 8802

AROUND: 10 Divisions 40 Societies 300 Journals

500 (k) Members

Groups for Standards:

LAN IEEE 802 the basis for

ISO 8802

Basic Issues

LAN TOPOLOGYLAN TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry

TRANSMISSION

MEDIUM

TRANSMISSION

MEDIUM


BUSS / TREE / RING / STAR

BUSS / TREE / RING / STAR

STRUCTURED

CABLING

STRUCTURED

CABLING

BASEBAND

BROADBAND

BASEBAND

BROADBAND

TOPOLOGY /

MEDIUM

ISSUES

TOPOLOGY /

MEDIUM

ISSUES

TRANSMISSION MEDIUMTRANSMISSION MEDIUM

TWISTED PAIR: Unshielded / Shielded

TWISTED PAIR: Unshielded / Shielded

Topology

Saad Haj Bakry


COAXIAL CABLE: Baseband /

Broadband

COAXIAL CABLE: Baseband /

Broadband

OPTICAL FIBER: Single Mode /

Graded-index / Step-index

OPTICAL FIBER: Single Mode /

Graded-index / Step-index

UNGUIDED MEDIA

MICROWAVE (in Use): 902-928 MHz /

2.4-2,4835 GHz / 5.725-5.825 GHz /

18.825-19.205 GHz

INFRATRD: Total Range (1012 -1014)

Enhances security

UNGUIDED MEDIA

MICROWAVE (in Use): 902-928 MHz /

2.4-2,4835 GHz / 5.725-5.825 GHz /

18.825-19.205 GHz

INFRATRD: Total Range (1012 -1014)

Enhances security

BUSS TOPOLOGYBUSS TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry


TT TT TT TT

T: Tap “Hardware Interface”

RRRR

R: “Terminating Resistance”

TT

Data Flow

SS SS SS SS SS

Transmitting / Receiving Stations

Topology

TREE TOPOLOGYTREE TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry


RR

RR

RRTT

SS

TT

SS

TT

SS

TT

SS

TT

SS

TT TT TT

SS SS SS

HHH:

Head End

Topology

RING TOPOLOGYRING TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry


SSSS RP

RP

RP

RP

SSSS RP

RP

RP

RP

RP: Repeater

Data Flow

Topology

STAR TOPOLOGYSTAR TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry


SS

SS

SS

CENTRAL HUB /

SWITCH /

REPEATER

CENTRAL HUB /

SWITCH /

REPEATER

SS

SS

SS SS

SS

Topology

STRUCTURED CABLING: 1/3STRUCTURED CABLING: 1/3

Saad Haj Bakry

Introduction to LANsTopology

OBJECTIVE:

Generic cabling layout.

Supports all types of information networking

in buildings.

Enables flexible movement of equipment

(no rewiring / only plugging)

OBJECTIVE:

Generic cabling layout.

Supports all types of information networking

in buildings.

Enables flexible movement of equipment

(no rewiring / only plugging)

STANDARDS:

EIA/TIA-6682 Electronic &

Telecommunications Industries Associations, USA

ISO 11 801 Similar to the above

STANDARDS:

EIA/TIA-6682 Electronic &

Telecommunications Industries Associations, USA

ISO 11 801 Similar to the above

PRINCIPLES: Hierarchical / Star Layout

PRINCIPLES: Hierarchical / Star Layout


Saad Haj Bakry


HORIZONTAL CABLING:

Single floor cabling. Backbone to wall outlets.

Maximum distance: 90 (m). Fore more: multiple

HC.

HORIZONTAL CABLING:

Single floor cabling. Backbone to wall outlets.

Maximum distance: 90 (m). Fore more: multiple

HC.

BACKBONE

“VERTICAL” CABLING:

Between floors

BACKBONE

“VERTICAL” CABLING:

Between floors

LEVELS / CONNECT:

W: Work Area T: Telecom. Outlet TC: Telecom Closet

ER: Equipment Room

X: Cross Connect HC: Horizontal Connect IC: Intermediate Connect MC: Main Cross Connect

TR: Termination

LEVELS / CONNECT:

W: Work Area T: Telecom. Outlet TC: Telecom Closet

ER: Equipment Room

X: Cross Connect HC: Horizontal Connect IC: Intermediate Connect MC: Main Cross Connect

TR: Termination


Saad Haj Bakry


ER / MC

ER / MC

TRTR

ER / ICER / IC XX TRTRTRTR

TC

TC

XX TRTRTRTR

T

T

W: Work Area Outlets

TC

TC

T

T

XX TRTRTRTR

W: Work Area OutletsHORIZONTAL CABLING

BACKBONE “VERTICAL”

CABLING

TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES: BASEBANDTRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES: BASEBAND

SIGNALING:

Digital: No Carrier / No FDM

Entire bandwidth is given to a

signal

Bidirectional

SIGNALING:

Digital: No Carrier / No FDM

Entire bandwidth is given to a

signal

Bidirectional

BUSS TOPOLOGYBUSS TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry


DISTANCE: Up to a “few kms”

DISTANCE: Up to a “few kms”

Topology

TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES: BROADBANDTRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES: BROADBAND

SIGNALING:

Analog: RF Modem / FDM possible

Multiple Data Channels / Audio / Video

Unidirectional

SIGNALING:

Analog: RF Modem / FDM possible

Multiple Data Channels / Audio / Video

Unidirectional

BUSS / TREE TOPOLOGY

BUSS / TREE TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry


DISTANCE: Up to a “10s of kms”

DISTANCE: Up to a “10s of kms”

Topology

BROADBAND BUSS BROADBAND BUSS

Saad Haj Bakry


Receive on “f2” Transmit on “f1”

SS SS SS

“f2”“f2”“f2” “f1” “f1” “f1”

Single Buss

SS SS SSDual Buss

Transmit on “f1”

Receive on “f1”

Topology

LAN TOPOLOGY / MEDIUMLAN TOPOLOGY / MEDIUM

Saad Haj Bakry

i

N

j

N

1 1

Twisted Pair

Coax. Cable: Baseband

Optical Fiber

Wireless

RING

Y

Y

BUSS

Y

TREE STAR

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Coax. Cable: Broadband

MEDIUM / TOPOLOGY

Y

Y

N

N

N

N

N

N


BUSS / TREE TOPOLOGYBUSS / TREE TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry

i

N

j

N

1 1

Unshielded Twisted Pair

Optical Fiber

Wireless

RATE (Mbps)

50

RANGE(km)

TAPS

10s

10s

10-50

45

<30

500


MEDIUM / SPECIFICATION

1

10

<2

<3

<150

<1

100s-1000s

100s

Coax. Cable: Broadband


RING TOPOLOGYRING TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry

i

N

j

N

1 1


Optical Fiber

Wireless

RATE (Mbps)

16

RP.SP. (m) TAPS

10s

70

16

100

1000

250



4

100

100

300

2000

100

250

250Shielded Twisted Pair


STAR TOPOLOGYSTAR TOPOLOGY

Saad Haj Bakry

Optical Fiber

Wireless 10s

100 10s

10

100

<1000

i

N

j

N

1 1


RATE (Mbps)

S-H Distanc

e (m)Stations

10s

100


10-100 100

100 10sShielded Twisted Pair


LAN PROTOCOLSLAN PROTOCOLS

Saad Haj Bakry

ISO / OSIISO / OSI


LAN LAYERSLAN LAYERS

IEEE 802 STANDARDS

IEEE 802 STANDARDS

CSMA / CD

CSMA / CD

TOKEN BUS / RINGTOKEN BUS / RING

WIRELESS LANWIRELESS LAN

ATM LANATM LAN

ISO- OSIISO- OSI

TRANSPORT

DATA LINK

PHYSICAL

NETWORK

SESSION

PRESENTATION

APPLICATION

OPEN SYSTEM

INTERCONNECTION:

REFERENCE MODEL

OPEN SYSTEM

INTERCONNECTION:

REFERENCE MODEL

STARTED: 1983STARTED: 1983

Protocols

Saad Haj Bakry


ISO-OSI LAYERSISO-OSI LAYERS

APPLICATIONAPPLICATION

PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

SESSIONSESSION

TRANSPORT`TRANSPORT`

NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL



SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

COMMUNICATION MEDIUM


PHYSICALPHYSICAL

DATA LINKDATA LINK

NETWORKNETWORK

COMMUNICATION SUBNETWORKCOMMUNICATION SUBNETWORK



PEER LEVELS

Protocols

Saad Haj Bakry


ISO-OSI FUNCTIONSISO-OSI FUNCTIONS

APPLICATION: Supporting Services at Access Points

APPLICATION: Supporting Services at Access Points

PRESENTATION: Representation of

Information

PRESENTATION: Representation of

Information

SESSION: User Interface to the Network

SESSION: User Interface to the Network

TRANSPORT: End to End QOS

TRANSPORT: End to End QOS

NETWORK: Sub-network Operation

NETWORK: Sub-network Operation

DATA LINK: Point to Point Error FreeDATA LINK: Point to Point Error Free

PHYSICAL: Interface to the MediumPHYSICAL: Interface to the Medium

INTERNETWORKINGINTERNETWORKING INTERCONNECTIONINTERCONNECTION

Protocols

Saad Haj Bakry


REPEATERS / BRIDGES / ROUTERS / GATEWAYSREPEATERS / BRIDGES / ROUTERS / GATEWAYS



SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL



SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL





Protocols

Saad Haj Bakry


GATEWAY

ROUTER

BRIDGE

REPEATER

GATEWAY

ROUTER

BRIDGE

REPEATER

USING ISO-OSIUSING ISO-OSI



SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL



SESSIONSESSION


NETWORKNETWORK

DATA LINKDATA LINK

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

COMMUNICATION MEDIUMCOMMUNICATION MEDIUM

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

DATA

A P S T N L H

A

A

A

A

A

A

P

P

P

P

P

S

S

S

S

T

T

T

N

N L

Protocols

Saad Haj Bakry


Protocols

LAYERED PROTOCOLSLAYERED PROTOCOLS

Saad Haj Bakry


PHYSICAL LAYER: Electrical & Mechanical “Characteristics” of “Interconnections” /

Related to the Communication “Medium” to be Used

PHYSICAL LAYER: Electrical & Mechanical “Characteristics” of “Interconnections” /

Related to the Communication “Medium” to be Used

MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL (SubLayer): Converts the “Shared”

physical link into “Virtual” point-to-point links between pairs of computers

MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL (SubLayer): Converts the “Shared”

physical link into “Virtual” point-to-point links between pairs of computers

LOGICAL LINK CONTROL (SubLayer): Supervises

“Transmission” between Nodes / Related to “Higher” Layers

LOGICAL LINK CONTROL (SubLayer): Supervises

“Transmission” between Nodes / Related to “Higher” Layers

DATA

LINK

LAYER

LLC +

MAC

IEEE 802 : 1/8 IEEE 802 : 1/8

Saad Haj Bakry


HILI: IEEE 802.1 “Higher Level Interface”

Concerned with LAN Architecture, Internetworking, & Management

HILI: IEEE 802.1 “Higher Level Interface”

Concerned with LAN Architecture, Internetworking, & Management

Protocols

LLC: IEEE 802.2 “Logical Link Control”LLC: IEEE 802.2 “Logical Link Control”

CSMA/CD “MAC Ethernet”: IEEE 802.3 “Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection”

Originally Designed for: Commercial / Light Industrial Environment (Random Use / Simple)

CSMA/CD “MAC Ethernet”: IEEE 802.3 “Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detection”

Originally Designed for: Commercial / Light Industrial Environment (Random Use / Simple)

IEEE 802: 2/8 IEEE 802: 2/8

Saad Haj Bakry

Introduction to LANsProtocols

TOKEN BUS

“MAC”: IEEE 802.4

Originally Designed for:

Office Environment / Factories & Industrial

Environment / Military Environment

TOKEN BUS


Originally Designed for:

Office Environment / Factories & Industrial

Environment / Military Environment

TOKEN RING


Originally Designed for: Commercial / Light

Industrial Environment (Like Ethernet: 802.3)

TOKEN RING


Originally Designed for: Commercial / Light

Industrial Environment (Like Ethernet: 802.3)

IEEE 802: 3/8 IEEE 802: 3/8

Saad Haj Bakry


DQDB: IEEE 802.4 Distributed

Queue “Access Control” Dual

Bus “Topology”

Designed for:

Metropolitan Area Networks “MANs”

DQDB: IEEE 802.4 Distributed

Queue “Access Control” Dual

Bus “Topology”

Designed for:

Metropolitan Area Networks “MANs”

FDDI “Fiber Distributed Data Interface” :

ANSI X3T9.5 / ISO 9314 / TOKEN RING: IEEE 802.5

(But Higher Speed / Fiber)

Designed for the Role of both LAN / MAN

FDDI “Fiber Distributed Data Interface” :

ANSI X3T9.5 / ISO 9314 / TOKEN RING: IEEE 802.5

(But Higher Speed / Fiber)

Designed for the Role of both LAN / MAN

Saad Haj Bakry


BBTAG IEEE 802.7

“Broadband Technical Advisory Group”

Produced a Document on “Broadband Cabling

Systems”

BBTAG IEEE 802.7

“Broadband Technical Advisory Group”

Produced a Document on “Broadband Cabling

Systems”

ISLAN: IEEE 802.9 “Integrated Services LAN Interface” (Desktop Devices “to” 802 LANs & ISDN)

ISLAN: IEEE 802.9 “Integrated Services LAN Interface” (Desktop Devices “to” 802 LANs & ISDN)

Protocols

IEEE 802: 4/8 IEEE 802: 4/8

FOTAG IEEE 802.8

“Fibre Optics Technical Advisory

Group”

Using Optical Fiber for: IEEE 802.3/4/5

FOTAG IEEE 802.8

“Fibre Optics Technical Advisory

Group”

Using Optical Fiber for: IEEE 802.3/4/5

Saad Haj Bakry


SILS IEEE 802.10

“Standard for Interoperable LAN

Security” Functions: “Secure Data Exchange /

Security & Encryption Key Management / Application of OSI

Security”

SILS IEEE 802.10

“Standard for Interoperable LAN

Security” Functions: “Secure Data Exchange /

Security & Encryption Key Management / Application of OSI

Security”

Protocols

IEEE 802: 5/8 IEEE 802: 5/8

CATVB-BCN IEEE 802.14

“Cable TV Based

Broadband Comm. Network” Multi-services Capabilities over CATV Systems: “Data, Voice & Video / 2-Way / Remote Access & LAN

Interconnection”

CATVB-BCN IEEE 802.14

“Cable TV Based

Broadband Comm. Network” Multi-services Capabilities over CATV Systems: “Data, Voice & Video / 2-Way / Remote Access & LAN

Interconnection”

Saad Haj Bakry


WLAN IEEE 802.11 “Wireless LAN”

Saves Cabling / Provides: LAN Extensions,

Cross-Building Interconnection,

Nomadic Access, ..

WLAN IEEE 802.11 “Wireless LAN”

Saves Cabling / Provides: LAN Extensions,

Cross-Building Interconnection,

Nomadic Access, ..

Protocols

IEEE 802: 6/8 IEEE 802: 6/8

Demand Priority IEEE 802.12

“Priority Order is Assigned to the Nodes Sharing

the Network”

Used with Higher Speed: 100 Mbps:

100VG-ANYLAN

Demand Priority IEEE 802.12

“Priority Order is Assigned to the Nodes Sharing

the Network”

Used with Higher Speed: 100 Mbps:

100VG-ANYLAN

IEEE 802: 7/8IEEE 802: 7/8

Saad Haj Bakry


PLPL

MAC

MAC

IEEE 802.2IEEE 802.2LLC

LLC

IEEE 802.3

CSMA / CD

IEEE 802.3

CSMA / CD

IEEE

802.4

Token Bus

IEEE

802.4

Token Bus

IEEE 802.12

Demand Priority

IEEE 802.12

Demand Priority

Bus / Tree / Star

Topology

Bus / Tree / Star

Topology

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring

Ring Topology

Ring Topology

IEEE 802.6

DQDB: Distr.

Queue Dual Bus

IEEE 802.6

DQDB: Distr.

Queue Dual Bus

FDDI

Token Ring

FDDI

Token Ring

Dual Bus Topology

Dual Bus Topology

Protocols

IEEE 802: 8/8IEEE 802: 8/8

Saad Haj Bakry


LLC BASIC

FUNCTIONS:

Frame Multiplexing

Error Control

Flow Control (if required)

LLC BASIC

FUNCTIONS:

Frame Multiplexing

Error Control

Flow Control (if required)

802.2 LLC SERVICES TYPES: Connection Oriented Service:

packet streams are delivered in their correct order without error.

Connectionless Service: Data gram transmission. Correct order is not

guaranteed

Acknowledged Connectionless: For point to point connections. No frame is

sent before the previous one is acknowledged.

802.2 LLC SERVICES TYPES: Connection Oriented Service:

packet streams are delivered in their correct order without error.

Connectionless Service: Data gram transmission. Correct order is not

guaranteed

Acknowledged Connectionless: For point to point connections. No frame is

sent before the previous one is acknowledged.

ETHERNET CSMA / CDETHERNET CSMA / CD

Saad Haj Bakry


ALOHA / SLOTTED ALOHA:

A station transmits whenever it has data to send. Un

acknowledged transmissions are repeated.

With “slotted ALOHA” data packets are transmitted in well

defined time slots.

“Collision / interference” is resolved by retransmission after

random intervals.

ALOHA / SLOTTED ALOHA:

A station transmits whenever it has data to send. Un

acknowledged transmissions are repeated.

With “slotted ALOHA” data packets are transmitted in well

defined time slots.

“Collision / interference” is resolved by retransmission after

random intervals.

Protocols

CSMA: Stations sense

the medium, and may send only if it is idle

CSMA: Stations sense

the medium, and may send only if it is idle

CSMA / CD: Transmission is

ceased if a collision is detected

CSMA / CD: Transmission is

ceased if a collision is detected

These are “contention techniques”

TOKEN BUS / RINGTOKEN BUS / RING

Saad Haj Bakry


TOKEN BUS:

Stations on “Bus / Tree” form a logical ring around which a token

is passed (played).

A station receiving a token may transmit (insert data into token).

Data (into token) travel from source to destination through the

logical ring

TOKEN BUS:

Stations on “Bus / Tree” form a logical ring around which a token

is passed (played).

A station receiving a token may transmit (insert data into token).

Data (into token) travel from source to destination through the

logical ring

TOKEN RING:

Stations are connected to a

“Physical Ring”, through which

the “token game” is

played

TOKEN RING:

Stations are connected to a

“Physical Ring”, through which

the “token game” is

played

“No Contention”

Saad Haj Bakry

i

N

j

N

1 1

Diffused Infrared

Direct Beam Inf.

Radio

RATE (Mbps)

1-4

BAND

908-928 MHz 2.4-2.4835 GHz 5.725-5.85 GHz

ACC. MTH. SEC.

BEST

1-3

2-20

5-10

CSMASpSp: Freq. Hop.

LAN / Characteristics

800-900 nm

18.825-19.205 GHZ

(ISM)

CSMA

CSMA / Tok Rin

CSMA / Res.

ALOHA


WIRELESS LANSWIRELESS LANS

SpSp: Dir. Seq.

10

MOD.

LEAST

ATM LAN: 1/2ATM LAN: 1/2

Saad Haj Bakry


AAL: ATM ADAPTATION LAYER The layer that maps information transfer protocols onto ATM

AAL: ATM ADAPTATION LAYER The layer that maps information transfer protocols onto ATM

ATM: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE A form of packet switching using fixed size packets, called cells. It is a data transfer interface for BISDN. No error

control and no flow control mechanisms

ATM: ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE A form of packet switching using fixed size packets, called cells. It is a data transfer interface for BISDN. No error

control and no flow control mechanisms

PHYSICAL LAYER Related to BISDN channels (Optical Fiber): 155 & 622 Mbps and

above. Also used on High Speed digital channels: 45 Mbps (sat.)

PHYSICAL LAYER Related to BISDN channels (Optical Fiber): 155 & 622 Mbps and

above. Also used on High Speed digital channels: 45 Mbps (sat.)

Protocols

Saad Haj Bakry


PHYSICALPHYSICAL

MACMAC

LLCLLC

PHYSICALPHYSICAL

ATMATM

ADAPTATIONADAPTATION LOWER LAYERSLOWER LAYERS

IPIP

TCPTCP

INTERNET APPLICATIONSINTERNET APPLICATIONS

HIGHER LAYERSHIGHER LAYERS

ATM LAN: 1/2ATM LAN: 1/2

BASIC PERFORMANCE MEASURESBASIC PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Saad Haj Bakry


THROUGHPUTTHROUGHPUT

LATENCYLATENCY

THROUGHPUTTHROUGHPUT

Saad Haj Bakry


DEFINITION: Average successful

transmission rate when the LAN is heavily loaded

DEFINITION: Average successful

transmission rate when the LAN is heavily loaded

EXAMPLES:

CSMA / Ethernet: 65 %

FDDI / Token Ring Close to 100 %

EXAMPLES:

CSMA / Ethernet: 65 %

FDDI / Token Ring Close to 100 %

Performance

MAC EFFICIENCY: (Throughput) / (Max. Rate) Can be given as (%)

MAC EFFICIENCY: (Throughput) / (Max. Rate) Can be given as (%)

Saad Haj Bakry


DEFINITION: Latency is the

time from packet generation (its

arrival to network interface) until it

reaches its destination

DEFINITION: Latency is the

time from packet generation (its

arrival to network interface) until it

reaches its destination

CONVERSATION APPLICATIONS

“Voice / Data”: Max. Value 100

(ms)

CONVERSATION APPLICATIONS

“Voice / Data”: Max. Value 100

(ms)

LATENCYLATENCY

Performance

Conflict: Throughput Versus Latency

Conflict: Throughput Versus Latency

SUGGESTED WORKSUGGESTED WORK

Saad Haj Bakry


EXTENSIONS:

Theory: Different LANs

Systems: Available LANs /

Management Issues

Components: LAN Architecture

EXTENSIONS:

Theory: Different LANs

Systems: Available LANs /

Management Issues

Components: LAN Architecture

PRACTICAL:

Applications: LANs in Use

(LAN Architecture / Users / Services)

Measurements: Performance Monitoring

PRACTICAL:

Applications: LANs in Use

(LAN Architecture / Users / Services)

Measurements: Performance Monitoring

ANALYSIS:

Practical Evaluations:

Criteria (Different LANs)

Planning & Design Issues: Requirements (Case Studies)

ANALYSIS:

Practical Evaluations:

Criteria (Different LANs)

Planning & Design Issues: Requirements (Case Studies)

REFERENCES: 1/2REFERENCES: 1/2

Saad Haj Bakry


A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996

A. S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall, 1996

W. Stallings, Data and

Computer Communications,

5th Ed., Prentice Hall, 1997

W. Stallings, Data and

Computer Communications,

5th Ed., Prentice Hall, 1997

A. Macpherson, International Telecommunication Standards Organizations, Artech House, 1990

A. Macpherson, International Telecommunication Standards Organizations, Artech House, 1990

W. Stallings, Local & Metropolitan Area Networks, Prentice Hall, 1997

W. Stallings, Local & Metropolitan Area Networks, Prentice Hall, 1997

REFERENCES: 2/2REFERENCES: 2/2

Saad Haj Bakry


R. P. Davidson, N. J. Muller, Internetworking LANs: Operation, Design & Management, Artech House, 1992

R. P. Davidson, N. J. Muller, Internetworking LANs: Operation, Design & Management, Artech House, 1992

J. Walrand, Communication Network: A First Course, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1998

J. Walrand, Communication Network: A First Course, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1998

i ntroduction to l ocal a rea n etworks professor saad haj bakry, phd, ceng, fiee n etwork a...

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