Imperialism and WWI Test Review

Imperialism

• Extending a nation’s authority over another by economic, political or military means

Alaska• Purchased from Russia

• Important for natural resources, including oil

Puerto Rico

• Freed from Spain, still a U.S. territory

Cuba

• Freed from Spain and became an independent nation

Yellow Journalism

• Attempt by newspapers to sell more papers by writing sensational stories

Philippines

• Freed from Spain, not independent until 1946

Rough Riders

• Volunteer cavalry unit during Spanish American War

Treaty of Paris

• Ended Spanish American War

Panama Canal Locations

• Panama or Nicaragua

Panama

• Had been part of Colombia

Apology to Colombia

• U.S. later apologized for helping Panama rebel

Panama Canal- Previous attempt

• France tried, but gave up

U.S. Control in 1900

• Puerto Rico

• Hawaii

• Alaska

• Philippines

1905 War

• Russo-Japanese

• Teddy Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace price for mediation

Aguinaldo

• Led revolt against the U.S. in the Philippines

Causes of WWI

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

• Where? Bosnia

• Who? Gavrillo Princip and the Black Hand

Schleiffen Plan

• German plan to quickly defeat France, then defeat Russia

I’ll have Paris for Lunch...

St. Petersburg for dinner.

Mobilization

• Preparing for War- militarily and for civilians

Kaiser Wilhelm II

• Leader of Germany during WWI

Nicholas II

• Leader of Russia at the beginning of WWI

Trench Warfare• Main form of warfare during WWI

• Resulted in a stalemate for several years

War Industry Board

• In charge of transforming U.S. business to war production

Beginning of WWI- U.S. Opinions

• Stay Neutral

1916- Wilson’s Campaign

• “He kept us out of war”

American Entry to WWI

• Lusitania

• Zimmerman Telegram

• Making the World Safe for Democracy

Russia in 1918

• Dropped out of the war

• Replaced by the U.S.

Lusitania• British ship, sunk by a German U-

boat

• Damaged U.S.-German relations

Zimmerman Telegram

• Sent by a German ambassador to Mexico

• Attempt to gain Mexico as an ally with Germany

• Mexico would regain territory in southwest U.S.- Texas, New Mexico and Arizona

German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

• Main reason for U.S. entry to WWI

Propaganda

• Tool molding public opinion to support the war

• Employs techniques such as the use of emotionally charged words or posters

Espionage and Sedition Acts

• Allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority

Conscription

• Compulsory enrollment in military service

• Draft of men 21-30

Eugene V. Debs

• Imprisoned for speaking against the U.S war effort

The Big Four• Great Britain

• France

• Italy

• U.S.

14 Points

• Included Freedom of the seas for travel and trade

• Reduction of weapons

• Self-determination

• League of Nations

14 points Opposition

• Great Britain and France- strongly against

Senate Opposition to League of Nations

• Fear it would drag the U.S. into European conflicts

Treaty of Versailles

• Ended WWI

League of Nations• Rejected by the U.S. Senate

• America wanted to return to isolationism

War Guilt Clause

• WWI was solely Germany’s fault

Bolshevik

• Term for a revolutionary communist

Woodrow Wilson

• President of U.S. during WWI

• Author of the 14 Points

Irreconcilables

• Group of senators, strongly opposed to the League of Nations

David Lloyd George

• Prime Minister of Great Britain

• Wanted to make Germany pay

William Jennings Bryan

• Sec. of State under Wilson

• Wanted to maintain neutrality, despite U-boat attacks

Doughboys

• Nickname for U.S. infantrymen in WWI

No Man’s Land

• Area between two enemy trenches

Conscientious Objector

• Person opposed to all wars on religious or moral grounds

John J. Pershing

• U.S. General• Leader of the

American Expeditionary Force

Allies• France

• Great Britain

• Russia… Than later the U.S.

Central Powers

• Austria-Hungary

• Germany

• Ottoman Empire

African American Troops

• Served in segregated units

Stalemate

• When neither side can gain an advantage

Self Determination

• The right of groups of people to choose their own national identity

Reparations

• Payments made by the losers of a war to compensate the victors