INDUSTRIAL SMOG

• Smog = smoke + fog• Large cities experience

photochemical smog = smog + sunlight– aka Los Angeles-type smog

• When smog is sulfurous, its London-type smog– Certain types of coal have more

sulfur than other types

SMOGSMOG

IntroductionIntroduction

• Los Angeles Smog (photochemical smog) is the mixture of ozone, hydrocarbons and partially oxidized hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and other trace gases that results from the action of sunlight on automobile exhaust – It is characterized by high temperatures and

sunny conditions.

• London Smog (particulate, or sulfurous smog) is a mixture of sulfur dioxide and sulfate and sulfite aerosols resulting primarily from the combustion of high sulfur coal followed by conversion of SO2 to H2SO4 – It is characterized by high humidity and low

temperatures.

Temperature Temperature InversionInversion

Figure 18.9

Los Angeles SmogLos Angeles Smog

Figure 18.9

London SmogLondon Smog

Economics

– Higher care cost.

– Crop damage is quite costly.

– Damage synthetic materials, cracks in rubber

and accelerates the fading of dyes and the

deterioration of paints.

– Impact of tourism (visibility condition).

– Effect on the Red Sugar Maple Tree (Canada’s

forestry industry depends on this tree).

Continue…

Severe Air Pollution Severe Air Pollution EpisodesEpisodes

In 1948 in the steel-mill town of Donora, Pennsylvania, intense local smog killed 19 people. Deadly smog envelops the town.

Tehran• Dec 2005, school and

public offices had to close because of smog from industry.

• 1600 people taken to hospital.

German,1998

• Issue – industrial smog

very worse.

• Solution – road sign (no

traffic allowed due to

smog).

California• Golden Gate Bridge of the NOx photochemical smog.

Effects Of Industrial Smog

HUMAN

– Reducing the body system

to fight infection.

– Irritates the eyes, nose and

throat.

– Increased susceptibility to

respiratory infection.

– Decrease lung function and

physical performance.

– Damage lung tissues (high

risk for child).

PLANTS AND ANIMALS

– Decrease lung capacity and

lung elasticity of animals.

– Damaged leaf tissues

(discoloration, black and

white spot.

– In Canada, less of forest by

increasing level of smog.

– Inhibit plant growth.

Prevention StepsPrevention Steps

• Applying clean technologies

Used the transport that burn the fuel

oil completely.

If possible, use green transport. For

example, hybrid car.

• Factories must filter the smog that produced first.

• The environment policies should

be applied by the government.