inrush current limiter without limit relay replacement webinar

Inrush current limiter

without limit

Relay Replacement Webinar

Paul Zhang

Technical MarketingAsia Pacific Region | Automotive & Power Discretes Dept.

Rank # 1 with pro-active leadership

ST Thyristor: Triac, AC Switch, SCR

Deliver new solutions for emerging

applications: smart grid, digital

appliance, vehicle / bike electrification

Contribute to robust applications:

▪ High Speed Commutation (x2)

▪ High EFT noise immunity (x5)

Customers development support

with our committed Application &

System lab’s

Extended product range:

▪ Auto / Medical grade technology

▪ Up to 1400V and 80A

▪ SMD and isolated packages

Bring design flexibility with

largest catalog and wide tools set

Key Benefits of using ST

Served segments:

Automotive, Home Appliance,

Power Management, Industrial

STMicroelectronics - Thyristor & AC Switches

2

SCR

& TRIAC

Global Market

Footprint

SCR & TRIACs are everywhere

Major Appliances

Smart home

Industrial Automation

Small Appliances

Automotive

Renewable energy

Motorbike

Medical

3

STMicroelectronics - Thyristor & AC Switches

4

◼ SCR/TRIAC Vs Relay: benefit and drawback

◼ ST innovative technology design at ICL configuration

➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for OBC/EV

➢SCR ICL solution & proposal for Industry

◼ ST high temp & voltage Thyristor SCR P/N

Agenda

SCR/TRIAC Vs Relay:

benefit and drawback

6

◼ Relay

❖Relay pros

o Voltage isolation between driver and load

o Low internal power dissipation with high current loads

❖Relay cons

❑Cannot control precise switching points

❑Not suitable for phase control or zero voltage switching

❑EMI at switching

❑Contact arcing and erosion

❑Risk of welded contacts at high current -> short circuit failure

❑Risk of tarnished contacts at low current -> open circuit failure

Relays vs. Triac/SCR – (1)

7

❖Triac pros

o You can control the precise turn-on point

o Suitable for zero voltage switching for inrush limitation

o Suitable for phase control for variable power control

o Automatic commutation (turn-off) at current zero-crossing

o No moving parts, no arcing, no wear-out

o Less EMI

❖ Triac cons

❑ No voltage isolation between load and driver

• Galvanic isolation of gate drive by means of an opto triac or opto transistor, common solution if need isolated gate driven.

• Most of cases, no insulation required to drive Triac/SCR.

❑ Power dissipation is over 1 Watt per Ampere of load current. A heatsink could be required for continuous high current operation (> ~3/4 Amps).

Relays vs. Triac/SCR – (2)

◼ Triac/SCR

ST innovative technology

design at ICL configuration

Analysis

Type

Volume(3kW Charger)

Dissipation Control Reliability

FMEA

EMC

2x 25A

relays

+ 1 NTC

BIG

2x VF

+

2x RL Coil

2 RL drivers

ON/OFF

mode

NTC stress

3 power items

(2x RL+ NTC)

Relay life

Relay

switching

noise

Extra

heat sink

for triac

+ 1

25A relay

3x VF +

RL Coil +

Triac W!

HOT

1 RL driver

1 SCR driver

ON/OFF

mode

3 power items

(RL+NTC+triac)

Use

bridge

heat sink

2x VF

+

1x RL Coil

COOLER

1 RL driver

2 SCR

drivers

ON/OFF

mode

2 power items

(RL+NTC)

Protect against

Voltage surge

Use

bridge

heat sink

COMPACT

Remove NTC

COOLER

Replace diode

Iso-efficient2 SCR

drivers

Progressive

Power-on

No extra

power device

Higher REL

Protect against

Voltage surge

Control peak

current @ turn-on

TOTEM-POLE

Remove NTC

COOLER

Bridgeless

High efficiency

Triac

NTC

RL

NTC

SCR

NTC

Innovative circuit configuration for ICL

SCR

Inn

ova

tive

so

lutio

n

MOSFET

SiC

SCR

MOSFET

SiC

9

• See application note AN4606

• Evalboard STEVAL ISF003V1 available

Inrush Current Limiter in Bridge 10

Totem Pole

< 8 kW

SCRSCR

Mixed Bridge

< 15 kW

By-pass parallel

< 1.5 kW

SCR

A reliable proposal to build any AC DC rectifier bridge

Standard input full bridge rectifier Bridgeless - Totem pole PFC

Voltage controlInrush current resistor used

MCU driving requiredNo need of MCU driving

11






Agenda

ST Values in the Automotive market 12

AEC, Automotive Electronics Council, defines critical stress test qualification for automotive devices.

AEC Q101 version D1

* PPAP, Production Part Approval Process.

▪ AEC-Q101* Compliant

▪ High Reliability

▪ High Quality

▪ Longevity

▪ Stable and Traceable

supply chain (PPAP*)

ST AUTOMOTIVE DISCRETE

Automotive SMD Thyristor SCR 13

Inrush Limiter in On-Board Battery Charger

Features TN5050H TN3050H

VDRM / VRRM 1,200 V over TJ range

Max TJ -40oC to +150oC

VDSM / VRSM 1300 V 1400 V

ITRMS (TC=125oC) 80 A 30 A

ITSM (10ms, 25oC) 580 A 300 A

VTO (150oC) 0.88V 0.88V

RD (150oC) 6 m 14 m

IGT (25oC) 10 to 50 mA 10 to 50 mA

dV/dt (800V-150oC) 1 kV/µs

• AEC-Q101 PPAP available on request

• High switching life expectancy

• Enable system to resist 6kV surge

• High speed power up / line drop recovery

Design Value

TO-247A

K

G

A

AK

GD2PAK

A

ON-BOARD CHARGER

STATIONARY CHARGER

•High switching rate

•Up to 1400V robustness

• 150°C max. junction

• Less dissipation losses

• Less passing element

•SMD technology

Compact

•ZVS / ZCS drive

•Tight triggering

•Controlled inrush

•Multiple pulse start up

No AC noiseReliable

On Board Charger for Electric Vehicle 14

Gate DriverMCUGate Driver

EV

Ch

arg

ing

Sta

tio

n

AC-DC Converter DC-DC Converter

SCR Diode Power MOSFET MCU Gate Driver

TN3050H-12WY

TN3050H-12GY

TN5050H-12WY

STBR6012WY (bridge)

STPSC12065Y (boost)

STTH30L06-Y (bypass)

STTH30RQ06DY (DC-DC)

STPSC20H12DY (DC-DC)

STW78N65M5 (AC-DC)

STW65N65DM2 (DC-DC)

MDmesh DM6 Techno*

SPC58 E Line

SPC57 K Line

STGAP1AS

L6491*

* Automotive Grade qualification on going

3 Phase

AC Input

(L1, L2, L3, N)

VDC=200/450V

3.7kW (230V/16A) single or Interleave PFC + LLC FB topology for single phase plug

Note: Part numbers listed here are examples. For an exhaustive list, please contact your sales representative

Digital rectifier bridge with Current Limiter

Smart and Reliable control of the AC Power Delivery

Soft and Fast Power Up

Robust against surge, Immune to EMI transient

No electromechanical bouncing, no EMI noise

TN5050H-12WY

STBR6012WY

TN3050H-12WY

STBR3012WY

Up to 8kW

Up to 4kW

STEVAL-ISF003V1

Digital rectifier bridge

2 opto’s

STM8S

MCUPFC

controller

EMC

Filter

15

Programmable PFC soft-start

SCR1

VACHVDC

SCR2

T T T

T_OFF_1 T_OFF_2 T_OFF_3

T T TT

T_OFF_Max

2x∆t 3x∆t 4x∆t∆t 5x∆t

T_OFF_Min

VAC

T1 T2

HVDC

• Operation :

• Capacitor charge is smoothly controlled by phase angle SCR triggering

• T1 and T2 ae synchronized with the zero crossing (ZVS) of the AC line

16

Inrush Current Limiter and Voltage deviation 17

above d = 3.3 %, duration must be

below 500 ms

Number of variation per minute

d (

%)

𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆𝑀𝐴𝑋 =𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∙ 𝑈𝐷𝐸𝑉𝐼𝐶𝐸

𝑍𝑟𝑒𝑓

IEC61000-3-3 standard:(Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker)

∆𝑈 = 𝑈𝑁𝐸𝑇𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾 − 𝑈𝐷𝐸𝑉𝐼𝐶𝐸

𝑑 =∆𝑈

𝑈𝐷𝐸𝑉𝐼𝐶𝐸%

Zref

UNETWORK ConverterUDEVICE

𝑍𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0,472

IEC 61000-3-3 defines the inrush current limit with an RMS value.

Fast, Soft and Repetitive Start Up 18

STEVAL-ISF003V1

DVAC = IAC_RMS x ZREF

Meet IEC61000-3-3, voltage deviation & RMS current, with faster power up

Inrush current limited by PTC

VDCVAC

IAC_RMS = 6 A

IAC(10 A/div)

Charge time = 400 ms

Inrush current controlled w/ SCR

IAC_RMS = 6 A

IAC(10 A/div)

VAC

VDC


+

SCR

VAC VDC

RLIM

RLY

VAC VDC

Rectifier bridge losses comparison 19

SCR Diode bridge = stable and predictable performances over time

0

10

20

30

40

50

3.7 kW - 230V PFC

To

tal lo

sses (

W)

Typical Maximum

Mixed SCR bridge

Losses spread: +4W

0

10

20

30

40

50

3.7 kW - 230V PFC

To

tal lo

sses (

W)

Typical Maximum

Metal contact

ageing

Relay + bridge

Losses drift: +20W

RLIM

RLY

+ +

SCR

SCR : TN5050H-12WY

Diode : STBR6012WY

• Peak current software controlled

• Increased system speed power up

• No contact bouncing : no EMI noise

Benefits of solid state bridge rectifier in OBC

Smart Inrush

Current

Limitation

High

Reliability

Increased

Power

Density

• No moving mechanical parts

• No aging contact concern

• Zero current switching w/ SCR

• SMD package available

• Low profile solution

• Lower dissipation over time

20

SMD

21






Agenda

Bypass Inrush Current Limiter 22

• Low profile 1 inch2 SMD current limiter circuit

• EM Compliant and Immune to EFT transients

• Self synchronized with any AC current shape

Heatsink-free Compact Reliable Rectifier Bridge up to 800W

STEVAL-SCR001V1

TN5015H-6G

TN2010H-6G

Up to 300W

Up to 800W

BENEFITS

1 inch2

STEVAL-SCR001V1

AC-DC : Comparison by-pass Inrush Current LimiterRelay versus SCR in 1kW PFC

23

RLIM

RELAY

VAC VDC VAC VDC

Delivers increased efficiency on whole power range

AC DC efficiency vs output power

95.5%

96.0%

96.5%

97.0%

97.5%

98.0%

125 W 400 W 800 W 1000 W

Relay SCR

SCR gain : up to 1%

SCR By-pass

TN5015H-6G

Losses contributors :

relay coil and contact, diode voltageLosses contributors :

SCR & diode voltage

Fast, Soft and Repetitive Start Up 24

STEVAL-ISF003V1

DVAC = IAC_RMS x ZREF

Meet IEC61000-3-3, voltage deviation & RMS current, with faster power up

Inrush current limited by PTC

VDCVAC

IAC_RMS = 6 A

IAC(10 A/div)


Inrush current controlled w/ SCR

IAC_RMS = 6 A

IAC(10 A/div)

VAC

VDC


+

SCR

VAC VDC

RLIM

RLY

VAC VDC

Rectifier bridge losses comparison 25

SCR Diode bridge = stable and predictable performances over time

0

10

20

30

40

50

3.7 kW - 230V PFC

To

tal lo

sses (

W)

Typical Maximum

Mixed SCR bridge

Losses spread: +4W

0

10

20

30

40

50

3.7 kW - 230V PFC

To

tal lo

sses (

W)

Typical Maximum

Metal contact

ageing

Relay + bridge

Losses drift: +20W

RLIM

RLY

+ +

SCR

SCR : TN5050H-12WY

Diode : STBR6012WY

Solid State Controlled Rectifier Bridge 26

• Smart Inrush Current Limitation with no

electromechanical bouncing

• High Reliability with Zero current switching

• Increased Power Density with Low profile SMD

package

Benefits

Supporting EV Industrial Electrification

ST high temp & voltage

thyristor SCR P/N

600V - 800V - 1200V, 150oC SCR Portfolio 28

D2PAK TO-220AB TO-220FPAB TO-220AB Ins. TO-247 D3PAK

AK

G

A

AK

G

A

KG A

K

G

A

K

G

K

A

AG

TM8050H-8

80 A, 800 V

TN1610H-6

16 A , 600V

TN2015H-6

20 A , 600 V

TN5015H-6

50 A , 600 V

TN1605H-6

16 A , 600 V

TN2010H-6

20 A , 600 V

TN4015H-6

40 A , 600 V

TN3015H-6

30 A , 600 V

TN5050H-12

50A , 50mA , 1200V

TN3050H-12

30A , 50mA , 1200V

TN1205H-6

12 A , 600 V

Automotive Grade SCR

AEC-Q101 qualified

High Temperature SCR

SCR ITRMS (A)8040 502012 16 30

600V

800V

1200V

5 mA

10 mA

15 mA

50 mA

TO-220AB Ins. TO-220FPAB

Part

number

ITRMS

(A)

IGT

(mA)

dV/dt

@ 150°C

(V/µs)

tq

(µs)

ITSM

(A)

TO

-22

0A

B

TO

-22

0F

PA

B

D2P

AK

TO

-22

0A

B in

s

T0

-24

7

D3P

AK

Industrial High Temperature 600V SCR

TN1205H-6 12 2 to 5 100 65 typ 120 ● ●

TN1605H-6 16 6 200 70 typ 140 ● ● ●

TN1610H-6 16 10 1000 70 typ 140 ● ●

TN2010H-6 20 10 400 70 typ 180 ● ● ●

TN2015H-6 20 15 750 70 typ 180 ● ●

TN3015H-6 30 15 750 35 typ 270 ● ● ●

TN4015H-6 40 15 500 35 typ 360 ● ● ●

TN5015H-6 50 15 500 50 typ 450 ● ● ●Automotive and Industrial High Temperature and High Voltage SCR

TN3050H-12 30 50 1000 150 typ 300 ● ●

TN5050H-12 50 / 80 50 1000 150 typ 580 ●

TM8050H-8 80 50 1000 150max 670 ● ●

● NEW

High Temperature SCR ThyristorsBetter Reliability and Compact Designs

D²PAK D3PAK

TO-247TO-220AB

HALOGENFREE 2011/65/EU

Insu

late

dN

on

In

su

late

dS

urf

ace M

ou

nt

● UNDER DEVELOPEMENT

March 2019STMicrolelectronics - Discrete and Filter Division

High Voltage Thyristor SCRsReliable and Compact Designs in new AC / DC functions

Commercial PartRMS Current

(A)

Triggering

(mA)

Surge current

(A)

dV/dt

(V/µs)Package

Industrial Grade 1200 V , 125°C

TYN1212RG 12 15 120 200 TO-220AB

TN2540-12G ⚫ 25 40 300 1500 D2PAK

TYN1225RG 25 40 300 1500 TO-220AB

BTW68-1200RG 30 80 400 250 TOP3-I

TN4050-12PI ⚫ 40 50 400 500 TOP3-I

BTW69-1200N 50 50 700 1000 TOP3

BTW69-1200RG 50 80 580 1000 TOP3-I

TN6050-12PI ⚫ 60 50 700 1000 TOP3-I

Automotive Grade 1200V , 150°C

TN3050H-12GY ⚫ 30 50 300 1000 D2PAK

TN3050H-12WY 30 50 300 1000 TO-247

TN5050H-12WY 50 50 580 1000 TO-247

Note (⚫) : NEW

TO-247D²PAKTO-220AB Ins.TO-220AB TOP3 Insulated

HVAC

Renewable

Critical Power UPS

Charging Stations IE3 Motor Starters

Energy management

30

High temperature Thyristor SCR P/N 31

-

G : D2PAK

GY : D2PAK AG

D3 : D3PAK

SMD

T : TO-220AB

I : TO-220AB In

FP : Fullpack

WY : TO-247 AG

THRU POWER

Package

G

Thyristor

TN

TN : SCR

TM : SCR

Type

6

Voltage

6 : 600 V

8 : 800 V

12 : 1200 V

VDRM VRRM

H

Junction

H : 150°C

TJ MAX

Current

50

12 : 12 A

16 : 16 A

20 : 20 A

30 : 30 A

40 : 40 A

50 : 50 A

80 : 80 A

IT(RMS)

Sensitivity

15

5 : 5 mA

10 : 10 mA

15 : 15 mA

50 : 50 mA

IGT

Thyristor FinderAvailable on iOS and Android

32

Extended devices features and characteristics

Store your favorite products & buy online

Quick access to the right device

st.com/thyristors

33

STMicroelectronics, ADG Group, ASD and IPAD Division

Visit us on Thyristors Triacs and AC Switch

At Thyristors web

Thank You !

http://www.st.com/content/st_com/en/products/thyristors-scr-and-ac-switches.html

inrush current limiter without limit relay replacement webinar

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