Institutional Arrangements

Water Supply and Sanitation

• (Public) Institutions are organizations or establishments founded for a specific public interest based on and including a set of working rules, customs or standards originating from an established law or relationship in a society or community

(Correct definitions tend to be vague!)

Examples of institutions• Organizations• Working rules• Customs, norms• Procedures• Frameworks

– Legal– Policy (?)

• Laws?• Groups of people (?)

Capacity building• Institutional development

– Development of organizations– Community participation

• Participation of stakeholders in decision making• Participation of women in decision making

– Institutional capacities and strengths• Institutional environment creation

– Legal and institutional frameworks – Procedures and working rules etc.

• Human resources development• Development of networks for information and knowledge exchange

Institutional Arrangements

Organizations

Organizational options for decentralization of public management

• General Government– State, province, district

• Corporatisation– Para-statal

• Functional – River basin authority– Watershed authority– Aquifer authority

• Community organization– Irrigation committee– Water users association – Town water council

• NGOs• Private sector

– Concession, lease, management contract, BOT

Characterization organizations for public management

• Governmental– Territorial or functional (or both)– National or decentralized– Autonomous, de-concentrated, delegated mandate

• Non-governmental– Delegated private (concession, lease)– Private (foundation, association)

• Quasi non-governmental (relatively government dependent)– Delegated public

• Special and supporting services (semi-autonomous)• Intermediate or semi-public

– Special law or regulation • Body corporates for devolved public management

– Para-statal, authorities, corporation (semi-autonomous)– Community organizations, water boards (autonomous)

Criteria for autonomy• Autonomous decision making process • (legal criteria: authority not belonging to another

body or person)• Nomination/election of professional key-personnel• Ownership of assets

– System of shareholding• Independent financing• Freedom of budgeting

IndustryIndustry

Pumping Station Water Treatment Plant

DomesticDomestic

CollectiveCollective ** ** ** ** ** **

Wastewater Wastewater TreatmentTreatment PlantPlant

DamDam

Pumping Pumping StationStation

Retention Retention BasinBasin

Service reservoirService reservoir

The starting point: water services

Graphic presentation of the professional domain

Institutional Arrangements

Global Policies for Water Supply and Sanitation

Millennium Development Goals(World Summit on Sustainable Development

Johannesburg 2002)• Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education • Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women • Goal 4: Reduce child mortality • Goal 5: Improve maternal health • Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability • Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Goal 7: Millennium Development Goals: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Target 9Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Target 10Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and sanitation

Target 11By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

Distribution

1.1 billion people without adequate access to water supply

2.4 billion people without adequate access to sanitation services

Goal 8:Develop a Global Partnership for

Development[..]Target 12

Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system [Includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally]

[..]Target 18

In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

Public Private Partnerships

• A Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a co-operation between different actors, usually one from the private and one from the public sector, who work together to promote a common interest, using the complementarities of the partners and their special qualities 

• A Public Private Community Partnership PPCP is a PPP, where the partners also involve the local community or where one of the partners is the community!

Institutional Arrangements

Institutional Development

PRESENT SITUATION AND TRENDS

DESIRED IWRM SITUATION

FUNCTIONS: CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATIONAL OPERATIONAL

POLITICAL REQUIREMENTS SOCIETY AT LARGE STAKEHOLDERS

MONITORING & EVALUATION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS EVALUATION CRITERIA

INTERVENTIONS

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSITION TO INTEGRATED WRM AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORM

IDEAL IWRM SITUATION

PRESENT SITUATION ANDTRENDS- STAKEHOLDERS- PHYSICAL CONDITIONS- POLICIES AND TRENDS- LEGAL FRAMEWORK- INSTITUTIONAL FRAME- FINANCE&ECONOMY- SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS- STATE OF INFRASTRUCTURE- TECHNOLOGY AND DATA

-

DESIRED IWRM SITUATION- STAKEHOLDERS- PHYSICAL CONDITIONS- POLICIES- LEGAL FRAMEWORK- INSTITUTIONAL FRAME- FINANCE & ECONOMY- SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS- STATE OF INFRASTRUCTURE- TECHNOLOGY AND DATA

INTERVENTIONS FUNCTIONAL LEVELCONSTIT. ORGAN. OPERAT.

POLITICAL REQUIREMENTSSOCIETY AT LARGESTAKEHOLDERS

MONITORING & EVALUATION- PERFORMANCE INDICATORS- EVALUATION CRITERIA

- AWARENESS CREATION- POLICY DEVELOPMENT- LEGISLATION- INSTITUTION BUILDING- FINANCE & ECONOMY MEASURES- INFRASTRUCTURE- CAPACITY BUILDING- TECHNOLOGY/DATA DEVELOPMENT- HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT- INFORMATION SYSTEMS- DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FORTRANSITION TO INTEGRATED WRMAND INSTITUTIONAL REFORM

+ + + + + +

+ + + + +

+ + + + + + (+) + + + + +

+

+ + + + + + + + +

IDEAL IWRM SITUATION- POLICIES- LEGAL FRAMEWORK- INSTITUTIONAL FRAME- FINANCE & ECONOMY- ETC.

Institutional Arrangements

Human Resources Development

Core ActivitiesFocus on Human Resources & Institutional Development

StrategicManagement

Level

OperationalManagement

Level

ProfessionalLevel

VocationalLevel

HR

DM

etho

ds&

Inst

rum

ents

DegreeCourses

Training

Seminars

ToT

Human Resources Capacity BuildingHuman Resources Capacity BuildingTarget GroupsTarget Groups

Stakeholders• Decision makers water sector(s)• Experts sectors• Scientists• TER experts• Trainers• NGO representatives• Users• Society at large• Etc.

Training and other needs• Awareness on issues• Human capacity• Educational programmes• Curricula• Organizational capacities• Didactical methods and tools• Practical instruments• Financial means

Target audience• Decision makers, diplomats • Experts• Trainers • Technicians• Students• Females (gender oriented) • Private sector• Water users

Institutional arrangements• Network organization for training, education and applied research

institutions• Training, education and applied research is integrated in subject

and organization• Regulations for functioning

– e.g. validation, accreditation and audit functions• International Network Board (focal partners)• Expert panel (Academic Board)• Modular system organization

– integrated training, education and applied research– regional differentiation (accredited)

Network activities• Network building• Staff development

– Short courses– MSc programme– PhD programme

• Curriculum development– System of core, specialised and elective modules– Regional differentiation– Validation and accreditation programme

• Applied research– PhD programme– Research Fund: specific short assignments (post-doc)

• Nodal strengthening– ICT– Laboratories

Supporting Global Supporting Global Connectivity for ChangeConnectivity for Change

Educational Products• Appreciation courses / workshops / seminars• Short courses

– Tailor made – Modules– E-Learning / Distance learning

• Degree / diploma courses– Modular Masters– Partial Certificates (modules)– Distance Learning Certificate

• Research– Post-doc– PhD

• Etc.

Didactical methods/tools• Modular system/short courses• Lectures• Case studies• Role plays• Simulation games• E-learning• Distance learning

– GDLN Centres• Combinations

Other tools• Buildings• Office equipment• Laboratories of all kind• Computers• ICT networks• Software/web sites• Teleconferencing• Others (many)

Modular system characteristics

• One comprehensive theme (short course)• About three weeks duration (60 contact hrs)• Credit point system• Subdivision in core, specialisation and elective modules

possible• Specialisation in e.g. (water) management, science,

engineering, hydrology, water supply • Regional differentiation possible• Exchange, accumulation is possible

– Joint degrees• MSc degree in IWRM with specialisation x

International Masters of ScienceMaster Degree programmesMaster Degree programmes SpecializationsSpecializations

Water ManagementWater Management

Water Science and EngineeringWater Science and Engineering

Environmental ScienceEnvironmental Science

Municipal Water and Municipal Water and

InfrastructureInfrastructure

Water Resources ManagementWater Resources Management

Water Services ManagementWater Services Management

Water Quality ManagementWater Quality Management

Water Conflict ManagementWater Conflict Management

Hydraulic Engineering- Coastal Engineering and Port Development Hydraulic Engineering- Coastal Engineering and Port Development

HydraulicHydraulic Engineering- Land and Water Development Engineering- Land and Water Development

Hydraulic Engineering and River Basin DevelopmentHydraulic Engineering and River Basin Development

Hydro-informaticsHydro-informatics

Hydrology and Water ResourcesHydrology and Water Resources

Environmental Science and TechnologyEnvironmental Science and Technology

Environmental Planning and ManagementEnvironmental Planning and Management

Limnology and Wetland EcosystemsLimnology and Wetland Ecosystems

Water Quality ManagementWater Quality Management

Water Supply EngineeringWater Supply Engineering

Sanitary EngineeringSanitary Engineering

Integrated Urban ManagementIntegrated Urban Management

Summary of approach• Problems and issues in the water sector are identified by the

relevant stakeholders: decision makers, experts, trainers, water users, private sector

• Problems and issues are structured in to educational subjects and themes (new issues should be explored through research)

• Subjects and themes are organized in to modules with the format of short courses of 3 weeks duration

• A postgraduate MSc programme is composed of a number of accredited modules (plus individual thesis)

• The modular system can be composed of core modules, specialised modules and a pool of elective modules.

Thank You!