integrating disparate data sources to … · integrating disparate data sources to assess the...

INTEGRATING DISPARATE DATA SOURCES

TO ASSESS THE PERFORMANCE ACROSS

A FLEET OF WIND TURBINE GENERATORS

Bradley Johnson, Wind Plant Performance Engineer

EDF Renewable Energy, San Diego, CA

EWEA 2014 Operational Assessment Workshop

Topic 2: Post-Construction Yield Analysis Techniques

December 9-11, 2014

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CORPORATE STRUCTURE

EDF

…the leading electricity company in the world

EDF Energies Nouvelles (EDF EN)

…the global renewable arm of the EDF group

EDF Renewable Energy

…the US Subsidiary of EDF EN

and headquarters of EDF EN activities in North

America

EDF Renewable Services

…the O&M branch for North America

EDF EN Canada

…the Canadian Subsidiary of EDF EN

EDF EN Mexico

…the Mexican Subsidiary of EDF EN

12/10/2014EWEA 2014 Operational Assessment Workshop 2

HQ: San

Diego, CA

(Current Conditions)

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INTEGRATED OPERATOR IN NORTH AMERICA

Origination

Development

Transaction and

ConstructionGeneration Operations &

Maintenance

5.9 GW developed

1.6 GW under

construction

in 2014

2.8 GW owned and

operated

8.6 GW operated


• Focus of analytics on owned assets, although applicable for third party O&M

serviced wind farms through service packages

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ASSET SUMMARY (WIND)


• 2.8 GW installed capacity

• 24 Wind Farms

• 1,468 WTGs• 7 different WTG manufacturers

• 12 different WTG Models• Several more distinct configurations between

models

• >40 permanent met towers

• Substations, Plant level control

systems, etc.

**ignoring small legacy projects, machines < 500 kW

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=ybuFwcbH8mt51M&tbnid=0RKcG7UHnbFkvM:&ved=0CAYQjRw&url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidferris/2012/06/14/how-serious-is-bp-about-wind-energy/&ei=iBsnU-msMsW8oQSOgIKYBQ&bvm=bv.62922401,d.cGU&psig=AFQjCNEq48SFfF5RKxN0ZKgXCc80l5uzmg&ust=1395158089164528


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CENTRALIZED REPORTING AND AGGREGATION


Native OEM

SCADA A

Native OEM

SCADA B

Native OEM

SCADA C

Native OEM

SCADA D

10 minute

summaries,

1/night

Report C

Report D

Report B

Report A

Live Dashboards

• PI / SQL / Tableau

enable controlled,

consistent analytics

between assets

• Project Static data

• Advanced calculations

10 minute data staged




Decentralized

approach

Centralized

approach



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Static Data Overview


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SQL SERVER STATIC DATA


Static Data

• As Built Coordinates

• Turbine Type/Configurations

• Contractual power curves

• Complete Fault descriptions

• Power Curve Test Results

• Reference Met masts

• IEC valid wind sectors

• Site calibration results (if needed)

• Nacelle Transfer Functions

• Project Energy Estimates

Data needs to be linked across

the business chain to ensure

consistency



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FAULT TABLES

All WTGs mapped to a specific list of fault descriptions

In addition to MFG fault attributes, EDF derives further attributes of

the fault for reporting/analysis including..

IEC definition of availability

Full Performance, Partial Performance Derated, Forced Outage, Scheduled

Maintenance, Planned Corrective Actions, etc.

GADS (Generating Availability Data System)

NERC approved system of reporting availability/faults

Links faults to technology system/sub-system

o Gearbox, Blade Bearings, Converter, Pitch System, etc.

EDF Internal Categorizaiton Process

High level categories to classify performance and align operational losses

with Energy Production Estimates


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PROJECT ENERGY ESTIMATES

Linking of Operational Data with Energy Production Estimates (EPE)

is required to determine energy “gaps”

Generic EDF Categorization developed to map all vendor EPEs to a

common convention


Exa

mp

le D

NV

/GL

re

po

rt

Wake effects inherent in nacelle wind speeds, EPE wake loss

data not directly compared to operational data

“Ideal” Production (Gross – Wake )

WTG Availability

BoP/Grid Availability

Electrical Efficiency

Performance

Environmental

Misc. Downtime/Curtailment

External Curtailment

Net Production (P50)

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NACELLE TRANSFER FUNCTIONS

Every WTG additionally linked to a EDF-derived nacelle transfer

function (NTF) based on previous correlations of met mast wind

speeds vs nacelle wind speeds for turbines close to met masts

Operational wind speeds then corrected by this ratio before deriving a

theoretical “possible power” by a lookup to the power curve

Initially measured during power performance test

Periodically, Re-checked/updated with data of turbines near permanent

met masts

NTFs measured only derived during full performance periods

Well known the relationship will change during downtime


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VARIATION IN NACELLE TRANSFER FUNCTIONS


NTFs must be re-evaluated if

parameters governing rotor

behavior are changed

Example: Yaw correction to a turbine

affected ratio of met mast wind speed

to nacelle wind speed by up to 7%

NTFs derived from “Full Performance”

data not specifically valid for possible

power calculations when turbine is

down

NTF typically increases significantly

when turbine is down

~20% difference

Turbine down

Turbine operating

Before

After

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Tableau Demonstration


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Operational Data Overview


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AGGREGATION IN SQL


“Critical” data

summaries of

~50,000 tags

Individual tables for

each asset type

(WTGs, met

towers, etc.)

High resolution historian

>300,000 tags

SCADA 10m summaries,

High resolution fault logsSite SCADA servers

1/ day

Site OPC Servers

Met Towers

Individual WTGs

Plant Controllers/Management Systems,

Substations, energy meters, etc.

next

http://www.sourcerenewable.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/met-mast-top.jpg


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SQL DATA PROCESSING


WTG table Met mast table

Site Table

(agg. Site data)BoP Table

Power Curves NTFs

Fault table

Asset Table

Site Calibrations

EPEs

Invoiced

Production

Op

era

tio

na

l D

ata

Te

ch

nic

al “s

tatic”

da

ta

Project table

Primary, Foreign key

relationships

T-SQL Stored Procedure

Data Validity checks & substitution logic

(min/max, repeating data, etc)

Possible Power & Energy calculations

Categorizaiton Algorithm

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POSSIBLE POWER AND ENERGY


Possible power calculated both from nacelle anemometry and also from reference

met stations for applicable turbines (e.g. those performance tested)

Warranted Power curve used with wind speeds for possible power (typically within

0.15 kg/m3 of site density, or whatever power performance contract enumerates)

NTFs

If wind speed source is met mast

If wind speed source is nacelle

𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟 = 𝑉𝑛𝑎𝑐 𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑡

1 3𝑉𝑛𝑡𝑓 = 𝑓(𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟)

10m nacelle wind speed

𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟,𝑚𝑒𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚𝑒𝑡,𝐻𝐻 𝜌𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝜌𝑚𝑒𝑡

1 3

10m met wind speed

𝑃𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑓(𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟,𝑚𝑒𝑡)

𝑃𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑓(𝑉𝑛𝑡𝑓)



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CATEGORIZATION PROCEDURE


Status Code

(1 per 10min)

Native MFG

Availability Counters

(<10m precision)

Status

code

lookup

MFG category

IEC category

GADS category

EDF-Re category

Wind &

power

data

available

Breakers

Open

Yes Out of Electrical Specification

Yes

No No Unknown Time

𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠

𝑃𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠

𝐵𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑐𝑒ℎ𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

WTG

Externally

Curtailed

Icing

Likely?

Init

ial

Cate

go

rizati

on

WTG

Under -

producing?

System

faultless?

System Fault Category

𝜃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠

𝜃0

𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏 , 𝑅𝐻

Yes

No – Full Performance

Yes

No

Partial Perf.

Ext. Curtailment

𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡

Partial

Perf.

Icing

Misc.

Curtailment

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Tableau Demonstration:Data Categorization Process


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Tableau Demonstration:Before/After Power Curve Analysis


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Tableau Demonstration:Operational Assessment


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Tableau Demonstration:Lost Energy Breakdown by Faults


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EXTRA SLIDES


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DISPARATE DATA Defined as distinct, different or entirely dissimilar data

A Sample of the data available:


Blade length,

manufacturer, serial

number, set number,

mass

Gearbox make,

model, serial number,

gear ratio bearings

types

Power rating,

power curves

Wind speed,

Temperature, pressure,

power output, number for

cycles, life time

production

Pitch system type,

blade pitch, RPM

Maintenance and repair

history, parts consumed,

parts cost, work hours,

technician's notes

Fault numbers,

counts, descriptions &

durations

Latitude, Longitude,

Elevation, tower height

For us to accurately quantify and improve Performance and Reliability we have

to link all of this data together

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END GOALS OF PLANT ANALYTICS

1. Comprehensive Gap Analysis of plant losses with direct comparison with the Pre-construction Energy Production Estimates (EPEs)

Re-evaluate budgets, future production, if needed from initial EPE

2. Comprehensive Power Curve Analysis based on Nacelle and Met Tower anemometry

Find top sites, turbines eligible for power performance upgrades

Detect potential controller parameter inconsistencies

3. Top Faults Causing Availability Losses & Lost Energy

Quantify largest causes of downtime worth pursuing corrective actions

4. Parts & Labor Costs of O&M

Link operational data with SAP data of service orders/O&M costs

Consistent and traceable calculation methodology across all manufacturers, SCADA systems, and sites


Focus of presentation

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POWER CURVE TEST RESULTS

All projects undergo a power performance test shortly after

commissioning as defined IEC 61400-12-1

If no true IEC sectors can be defined, a site calibration is done


All Results staged in SQL

Nominated WTG units with

reference mast

Performance test results

Freestream wind sectors

Site calibration results per wind

sector (if any)

Linking this data definition with operational data enables automated performance

analysis equivalent to the initial performance test to be recreated at any time

integrating disparate data sources to … · integrating disparate data sources to assess the...

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