Interdisciplinary

Center of Satellite,

Marine and Remote

Operated Vehicles

Geophysical Data

Analysis

Lev Eppelbaum

(Dept. of Geosciences)

Humanity life (as well as fauna and flora), work, travels and relaxes are realized on the Earth’s

surface, first tens of meters below and first km above it. This space contains gravity, magnetic,

thermal, electric, electromagnetic, acoustic, infrared and some other kinds of physical fields (as

a rule, these fields change in time). An essential influence of these fields to man, environment,

fauna and flora is well-known.

Several years ago was began a “strong jump” in satellite and Remote Operate Vehicles (ROV)

geophysics. Now we have the possibility to obtain more and more precise geophysical data

from satellites with more and more dense observation grid. An important peculiarity of these

data are their repeatability. ROV (both air and underwater) are recognized now as a powerful,

maneuvering and non-expensive tool for solving important geophysical, geological,

environmental, archaeological and other problems. For instance, ROV accompanied by the

modern magnetic (or other) equipment will allow to carry out measurements at the level of 1-2

m over the Earth’s surface on the grid of 0.5-1 m.

Presence of large arrays of temporally changing geophysical data demands an application of

modern approaches for the reliable, prompt and effective data interpretation. We suggest here

to apply besides the developed approaches (new interpretation schemes, advanced qualitative

and quantitative analysis and 3D modeling) the recently developed methods in geostatistics,

theory of information, wavelet and diffusion map and other methodologies.

GRACE satellites have been measured gravity field since 2002. The measured gravity is retracked to land and marine surface with a high accuracy 1 mGal (110-5 m/s2)

New space magnetometer developed in NOAA for satellite observations and will be employed since 2016

Epoch Accuracy Gridding Available data

1970 20 milliGal 20 x 20 km Separate regions of the Earth

2000 8 milliGal 10 x 10 km 70% of the Earth

2014 1.5-1 milliGal 2 x 2 km All the Earth

2018 0.3-0.2 milligal ? 0.3 x 0.3 km ? “–”

Different epochs in satellite gravimetry

Hundreds of millions of satellite magnetic data observations were collected: MAGSAT – since 1980, ORSTED and CHAMP – since 2000 (recently maintained SWAMP satellites will allow significantly increase measurement accuracy). Significant part of these observations was analytically continued to level of several km over the Earth’s surface

GRACE

CHAMP

Satellite magnetometry

CTD

GPS/GSM/Wi-Fi antennas

External trimming

Charging connector

Side-scan sonar

Acousticmodem

Emergency pinger

DVL

REMOTE OPERATED VEHICLES WILL REPLACE AT THE NEAR FUTURE MOST OF GROUND, CONVENTIONAL AIRBORNE AND SHIPBORNE GEOPHYSICS

Airborne observations

Underwater observations

Israeli Bardelas

Flow-Chart of Multi-Geophysical Data Analysis

Map of key satellite

derived gravity anomalies

of the Easternmost

Mediterranean with main

tectonic units (Eppelbaum,

2013)

Airborne (5 km

over the msl)

observed

magnetic map

with elements

of tectonics and

measured

thermal flow

points

0C

1C2C

3C

,i jx

SUBSURFACE LAYER

COHERENCY VECTOR

Map of the satellite derived gravity coherence directions

Sketch of construction of the coherency vector

Histogram of coherence direction distribution with the transformed gravity map

Fragment: Delineation of Kiama zone of inverse polarity in the Eastern Mediterranean on the basis of about twenty independent features (Eppelbaum et al., 2014)

Map of seismicity of the

Easternmost Mediterranean

region for the period

between 1900 and 2012

overlaid on the smoothed

satellite gravity map with

indicators of tectonic

zonation. White circles show

earthquake magnitudes.

Eppelbaum and Katz (2012)

Who could be involved to this complex

cooperative research:

(1) Dept. of Geosciences (elements of this analysis were triggered several years ago),

(2) School of Computer Sciences (such investigation was initiated),

(3) Steinhardt Museum of Natural History & National Research Center (“ – ”),

(4) Dept. of Statistics,

(5) Dept. of Archaeology (such investigation was initiated),

(6) Dept. of Geography (“ – ”),

(7) Porter School of Environmental Sciences,

(8) Faculty of Engineering

Main author’s publications relating to this project: Books: Khesin, B.E., Alexeyev, V.V. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1996. Interpretation of Geophysical Fields in Complicated

Environments. Kluwer (Springer), Ser.: Modern Approaches in Geophysics, 368 p. Aleinikov, A.L., Belikov, V.T. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 2001. Some Physical Foundations of Geodynamics. Kedem Printing-

House, Tel Aviv, 172 p. Eppelbaum, L.V. and Khesin, B.E., 2012. Geophysical Studies in the Caucasus. Springer, 411 p. Eppelbaum, L.V., Kutasov, I.M. and Pilchin, A.N., 2014. Applied Geothermics. Springer, 751 p. Articles: Bashirov, A.E., Eppelbaum, L.V. and Mishne, L.R., 1992. Improving Eötvös corrections by wide-band noise Kalman

filtering. Geophysical Journal International, 108, 1, 193-197. Eppelbaum, L.V., Modelevsky, M.M. (Jr.) and Pilchin, A.N., 1996. Thermal investigation in petroleum geology: the

experience of implication in the Dead Sea Rift zone, Israel. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 19, No.4, 425-444. Pilchin, A.N. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 1997. Determination of magnetized bodies lower edges by using geothermal

data. Geophysical Journal International, 128, No.1, 167-174. Eppelbaum, L.V. and Finkelstein, M.I., 1998. Radon emanation, magnetic and VLF temporary variations: removing

components not associated with dynamic processes. Coll. of Selected Papers of the XXVI General Assembly of the European Seismological Comm.,Tel Aviv), 122-126.

Eppelbaum, L.V., Itkis, S.E. and Khesin, B.E., 2000. Optimization of magnetic investigations in the archaeological sites in Israel, In: Special Issue of Prospezioni Archeologiche “Filtering, Modeling and Interpretation of Geophysical Fields at Archaeological Objects”, 65-92.

Eppelbaum, L.V., Khesin, B.E. and Itkis, S.E., 2001. Prompt magnetic investigations of archaeological remains in areas of infrastructure development: Israeli experience. Archaeological Prospection, 8, No.3, 163-185.

Eppelbaum, L., Eppelbaum, V. and Ben-Avraham, Z., 2003. Formalization and estimation of integrated geological investigations: Informational Approach. Geoinformatics, 14, No.3, 233-240.

Eppelbaum, L., Ben-Avraham, Z., Katz, Y. and Marco, S., 2004. Sea of Galilee: Comprehensive analysis of magnetic anomalies. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences, 53, No. 3, 151-171.

Eppelbaum, L., Ben-Avraham, Z. and Katz, Y., 2004. Integrated analysis of magnetic, paleomagnetic and K-Ar data in a tectonic complex region: an example from the Sea of Galilee. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, No. 19, L19602.

Articles (continuation): Eppelbaum, L.V. and Pilchin, A.N., 2006. Methodology of Curie discontinuity map development for regions with low

thermal characteristics: An example from Israel. Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, 243, No. 3-4, 536-551. Eppelbaum, L.V., Kutasov, I.M. and Barak, G., 2006. Ground surface temperature histories inferred from 15

boreholes temperature profiles: Comparison of two approaches. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 10, No. 1, 25-34.

Eppelbaum, L.V., Ben-Avraham, Z. and Katz, Y.I., 2007. Structure of the Sea of Galilee and Kinarot Valley derived from combined geological-geophysical analysis. First Break, 25, No. 1, 21-28.

Eppelbaum, L.V., 2007. Localization of Ring Structures in Earth’s Environments. Jour. of the Archaeological Soc. of the Slovakian Acad. of Sci., Spec. Issue: Arch. Prosp., XLI, 145-148.

Eppelbaum, L.V., 2008. Remote operated vehicle geophysical survey using magnetic and VLF methods: proposed schemes for data processing and interpretation. Collection of Selected Papers of the 2008 SAGEEP Conference, 21, Philadelphia, USA, 938-963.

Balobaev, V.T., Kutasov, I.M. and Eppelbaum, L.V., 2008. Borehole paleoclimatology – the effect of deep lakes and “heat islands” on temperature profiles. Climate of the Past, No.4, 1-18.

Eppelbaum, L.V., Ezersky, M.G., Al-Zoubi, A.S., Goldshmidt, V.I. and Legchenko, A., 2008. Study of the factors affecting the karst volume assessment in the Dead Sea sinkhole problem using microgravity field analysis and 3D modeling. Advances in GeoSciences, 19, 97-115.

Eppelbaum, L.V., Khesin, B.E. and Itkis, S.E., 2010. Archaeological geophysics in arid environments: Examples from Israel. Journal of Arid Environments, 74, No. 7, 849-860.

Eppelbaum, L. and Katz, Y., 2011. Tectonic-Geophysical Mapping of Israel and eastern Mediterranean: Implication for Hydrocarbon Prospecting. Positioning, 2, No. 1, doi: 10.4236/pos.2011.21004, 36-54.

Eppelbaum, L. and Khesin, B., 2011. Development of 3-D gravity-magnetic models of Earth’s crust of Azerbaijan and adjacent areas: A generalized review. Positioning, 2, No. 2, 84-102.

Eppelbaum, L.V. and Mishne, A.R., 2011. Unmanned Airborne Magnetic and VLF investigations: Effective Geophysical Methodology of the Near Future. Positioning, 2, No. 3, 112-133.

Eppelbaum, L.V. and Katz, Y.I., 2012. Mineral deposits in Israel: A contemporary view, In: (Eds. Ya’ari, A. and Zahavi, E.D.) Israel: Social, Economic and Political Developments, Nova Science Publishers, N.Y., USA, 1-41.

Articles (continuation): Eppelbaum, L.V. and Katz, Y.I., 2012. Key Features of Seismo-Neotectonic Pattern of the Eastern Mediterranean. Izv.

Acad. Sci. Azerb. Rep., Ser.: Earth Sciences, No. 3, 29-40. Eppelbaum, L.V., Katz, Y.I. and Ben-Avraham, Z., 2012. Israel – Petroleum Geology and Prospective Provinces. AAPG

European Newsletter, No. 4, 4-9. Alperovich, L., Eppelbaum, L., Zheludev, V., Dumoulin, J., Soldovieri, F., Proto, M., Bavusi, M. and Loperte, A., 2013. A

new combined wavelet methodology applied to GPR and ERT data in the Montagnole experiment (French Alps). Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 10, No. 2, 025017, 1-17.

Eppelbaum, L.V., 2013. Non-stochastic long-term prediction model for US tornado level. Natural Hazards, 69, No. 3, 2269-2278.

Eppelbaum, L.V., 2014. Geophysical observations at archaeological sites: Estimating informational content. Archaeological Prospection, 21, No. 2, 25-38.

Eppelbaum, L.V., Nikolaev, A.V. and Katz, Y.I., 2014. Space location of the Kiama paleomagnetic hyperzone of inverse polarity in the crust of the eastern Mediterranean. Doklady Earth Sciences (Springer), 457, No. 6, 710-714.

Eppelbaum, L.V. 2014. Four Color Theorem and Applied Geophysics. Applied Mathematics, 5, 358-366. Eppelbaum, L.V., Zheludev, V. and Averbuch, A., 2014. Diffusion maps as a powerful tool for integrated geophysical

field analysis to detecting hidden karst terranes. Izv. Acad. Sci. Azerb. Rep., Ser.: Earth Sciences, No. 1-2, 36-46. Klokočník, J., Kostelecký, J., Eppelbaum, L. and Bezděk, A., 2014. Gravity Disturbances, the Marussi Tensor, Invariants

and Other Functions of the Geopotential Represented by EGM 2008. Journal of Earth Science Research, 2, No. 3, 88-101.

Eppelbaum, L.V. and Katz, Yu.I., 2014. Newly Developed Paleomagnetic Map of the Easternmost Mediterranean Unmasks Geodynamic History of this Region. Central European Jour. of Geosciences, 6, No. 4 (in Press).

Eppelbaum, L.V. and Katz, Yu.I., 2015. Application of Integrated Geological-Geophysical Analysis for Development of Paleomagnetic Maps of the Easternmost Mediterranean. In: (Eppelbaum L., Ed.), New Developments in Paleomagnetism Research, Nova Publisher, NY (in Press).