ivane javaxisvili - newspaper.tsu.genewspaper.tsu.ge/uploads/other/javakhishvili.pdf · sebis...

ivane javaxiSvili

1

kaci, romelmac saqarTvelos goni Secvala

publicisturi narkvevebi

publicisturi narkvevebi

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti2015

kaci, romelmac saqarTvelos goni Secvala

1

ivane javaxiSviliivane javaxiSvili

krebulis Semdgeneli da redaqtori:nino kakulia

konsultanti:zurab gaiparaSvili

saredaqcio jgufi:maia toraZemanana jurxaZe

komp. uzrunvelyofa:zaza gulaSvili

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-tis gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~ redaqcia krebuls uZRvnis Tsu-is damaarsebels, did mecniersa da sazogado moRvawes ivane javaxiSvils. publicisturi narkvevi, romelSic am didi pirovnebis mravalmxrivi moRvaweobis aspeqtebia gaSuqebuli da gaanalizebuli da romelSic droisa da movlenebis ivane javaxiSvilTan urTierTmimarTebaa warmo-Cenili, vfiqrobT, daainteresebs Cveni sazogadoebis yvela fenas, gan-sakuTrebiT ki saqarTvelos istoriis, universitetis istoriis, didi adamianebis biografiebis mkvlevrebs, aseve, studentebsa da sajaro skolebis maRali klasis moswavleebs, romelTac unda icodnen _ visi daarsebulia Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti? vis saxels atarebs igi? vin iyo ivane javaxiSvili da ratom iqca igi eris simbolod?

Cveni amocana _ momavali TaobebisTvis eris Rirseul SvilTa saxisa da saqmis Semonaxva, mxolod am krebuliT ar Semoifargleba. gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~ redaqcia sazogadoebas periodulad Ses-Tavazebs krebulTa seriul gamocemebs, romelic universitetis dam-aarseblebs, sxvadasxva samecniero skolebisa da dargebis mesaZirkv-leebs, Rvawlmosil mecnierebsa da profesorebs mieZRvneba.

© Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti, 2015 weli

winasityvaoba (nino kakulia) ..................................................... 5

Tsu-is reqtoris, akademikos lado papavas sityva ............. 9

1 ivane javaxiSvili _ ilia WavWavaZis memkvidre (nino kakulia) ......................................................................... 13

2 ivane _ universitetis damaarsebeli (maia toraZe) .. 20

3 niko marTan urTierTobaSi gaCenili bzari (maia toraZe) ............................................................................ 31

4 reqtoris nabijebi (nino kakulia) .................................. 36

5 rogor gaaZeves ivane javaxiSvili universitetidan _ saqarTvelos istoriis samarcxvino furclebi (nino kakulia) ................................................................ 46

6 universitetis wiTeli profesuris fizionomia _ dro, movlena, adamianebi (vaxtang guruli) ........ 62

7 qarTuli mecnierebis patriarqi (maia toraZe) ........... 75

8 ivane javaxiSvili empiriuli sociologiis saTaveebTan saqarTveloSi (iago kaWkaWiSvili) ......................... 102

9 miCqmaluli simarTle ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobaSi (vaxtang guruli) .......................... 106

10 damokidebuleba mTavrobis sarwmunoebrivi politikisadmi (manana liluaSvili da zurab gaiparaSvili) .............................................................. 117

11 gadasaxlebuli studentebis werili Tu dagebuli xafangi? (zurab gaiparaSvili) ............................... 124

12 is, rac ar cvdeba dRevandeli studentis TvaliT (levan lorTqifaniZe) .............................................. 129

13 pirovnuli StrixebiT `naZerwi“ ivane javaxiSvili (nino kakulia) .............................................................. 133

s a r C e v i

14 leqciis kiTxvisas dasrulebuli sicocxle ............. 145

15 Tsu-sTvis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelis miniWeba iyo xazgasma universitetis erovnuli xasiaTisa (maia toraZe) .......................................................................... 151

16 STagonebis wyarod qceuli Zegli (maka ldokoneni) ......................................................... 152

17 sad `cxovrobs“ dRes ivane javaxiSvili (maia toraZe) ................................................................ 155

+-18 ivane javaxiSvilis wardgineba `saqarTvelos did aTeulSi~ ( mixeil qurdiani) ................................... 163

boloTqma ............................................................................. 166

ivane javaxiSvili 5

winasityvaoba

polikarpe kakabaZis nawarmoebebis mixedviT rusTave-lis TeatrSi dadgmuli robert sturuas speqtakl-fan-taziis _ àsulnis~ _ naxvis Semdeg rwmundebi, rom per-sonaJad qceuli aTi asulis saxierebiT èris~ rokva is feradi karnavali aRaraa, qarTvelTa Tavqarianobas rom lamazad `fuTavda~... nebismier sityvaze, qmedebasa Tu arCevanze pasuxismgeblobis aReba ras niSnavs _ aTive asulisTvis iseve gaucnobierebelia, rogorc, zogadad, da, mwared konkretulad, qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis. am xasiaTis matarebeli èris~ organizmi mxolod udReur politikosebs badebs, romlebic Jivil-xiviliT ahyavs mas kvarcxlbekze da Semdeg Tavadve anadgurebs maT _ es ambavi erTaderTia, romelic speqtaklSi xdeba da gamud-mebiT meordeba laitmotivad qceul asulTa frazasTan erTad: `movkvdebiT da aravin dagvitirebs...~ am sruli gamouvalobis SegrZnebiT dasrulebuli speqtaklis Sem-deg mayurebels erTi ram rCeba _ Tavad daiwyos gamo-savalze fiqri. `xelovneba ver gadagvarCens!~ _ aseTi pesimisturia zogierTis `mimqrali imedi~, Tumca, sazoga-doebis is nawili, romelic iliaseul sarkeSi Caxedvisas kaTarzisis proceduras gadis, eris gadarCenis saimedo wrea _ WeSmarit RirebulebaTa gavrceleba-ganvrcobis valdebulebiT Semkuli. swored am wris warmomadgenelTa protests gamoxatavs im sazogadoebrivi azris kritika, romlis mTavari faseulobebi politikur liderTa arCe-va-gadarCevis `mowameobriv gzas~ Sehxidebia, TiTqosda ufro Rirebuli sxva ara moiZebnebodes niWierebisa da zneobis magaliTebiT mimofantul am madlian qarTul miwaze. am aqcentisken ramdenime wlis win sazogadoebri-vi mauwyeblis eTerSi gasuli gadacemis (`saqarTvelos didi aTeuli~) is Sedegebi gvibiZgebs, romlis Tanaxmadac, sazogadoebrivi gamokiTxvis mixedviT, didi ivane javax-iSvili meTerTmete adgilze gavida, anu did aTeulSi ver moxvda. `niuansebSi eSmaki imalebao~ _ naTqvamia da Cvenc amitom CavekirkiteT da ver daviviwyeT es niuansi! ivane

kaci, romelmac saqarTvelos goni Secvala6

javaxiSvilis maSindel `damarcxebas~ gamowvevad dRes iRebs universitetis gazeTis redaqcia da sazogadoebas im epiTetur formulirebas acnobs, romelsac, albaT, um-ravlesoba daeTanxmeba.

farnavaz _ Semoqmedi qarTuli mwignobrobisa;nino _ momaqceveli qarTlisa;daviT _ aRmaSenebeli saqarTvelosi; saba _ Semgrovebeli qarTuli sityvisa; ilia _ aRmaSenebeli qarTvelobisa; iakob _ Semqmneli `deda enisa~;ivane _ damaarsebeli qarTuli universitetisa.

filolog Tamaz kvaWantiraZiseuli es CamonaTva-li eriskacTa im faqtologiur damsaxurebebs moicavs, romelzec qarTuli saxelmwifo dgas. ... da Cven Sevecdeb-iT, am `simboloTa“ mwkrivSi Camdgar ivane javaxiSvilze is arCevani gagakeTebinoT, romlis nakvalevze siarulic sinanulis rokvas aRar moitans... `movkvdebiT da aravin dagvitirebs“ _ arc amgvar sasowarkveTas eqneba adgili im sivrceSi, sadac didi ivane javaxiSvilis mosagone-blad adamianebi daixarjebian, gairjebian, ifiqreben da masze swordebian... saTqmeli ki bevria, miT ufro, rom warmatebebis kvaldakval istoriaSi Semonaxul mis tki-vilian warsulze didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, komunistur epoqaSi sityvas ver sZravdnen; spec-fondSi Caketili iyo universitetis is istoria, romelic ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweobaze cnobebs Seicavda; akrZaluli iyo misi `qa-rTveli eris istoriis~ is tomi, romelic ruseT-saqarT-velos urTierTobis Temas exeboda; gasaidumloebuli iyo mis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli e.w. sasamarTlo proce-sebis stenograma, romelic fardas xdida wiTeli pro-fesuris fizionomias... ivane javaxiSvilis Temas tabu edo da masze, rogorc eris gonebriv masazrdoebelsa da zneobriv liderze, moarul miTebs 20-30-iani wlebis sazogadoebis mxolod mexsierebaRa inaxavda...

misi avtoriteti imdenad aSinebdaT, rom devnidnen, ma-gram imdenad didi iyo, rom ver xvretdnen...

ivane javaxiSvili 7

imdenad principuli, gabeduli da Tavisufali qmedebis kaci iyo, rom, istorikos vaxtang gurulis monaTxrobiT, rodesac moskovSi Casuls uTxres _ stalins SenTan Sex-vedra undao, masTan audienciisTvis satelefono zars mx-olod ramdenime dRe dalodebia, Semdeg ki macne kacisTvis Setyobinebaze _ cota xans kidev daelodeTo, ase upasux-ia: _ saqme maqvs saqarTveloSi da unda wavideo... da saqa-rTveloSi dabrunebula. Tumca gadmocemiT imasac ambo-ben, rom sabWoTa represiebs swored stalinma gadaarCina. maSindeli gamoCenili sabWoTa moRvawe, stalinis colisZ-ma _ aleqsandre svaniZe erT-erT werilSi ivane javaxiS-vils gakvriT werda _ Tqvens Sesaxeb vesaubre yvelaze did qarTvelso. etyoba swored maSin miawoda man stalins saTanado informacia ivaneze.

misTvis lideris wodeba aravis miuniWebia, magram lideri iyo... mere ra, Tu `saqarTvelos did aTeulSi~ ver moxvda _ es mxolod im sazogadoebis naklia, romelmac igi jerac ver Seiswavla da gamoikvlia.

Cveni wigni _ `kaci, romelmac saqarTvelos goni Secv-ala“ _ mis ukeT Sesacnobad gzas gagikvalavT. wignSi Ses-ulia ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis“ redaqci-is mier Segrovebuli masalebi, statiebi, werilebi da in-terviuebi ivane javaxiSvilze, romelsac gaisad 140 weli Seusruldeboda.

nino kakuliaTsu-is gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis“

redaqtori, Jurnalisti


ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis daarsebis dRisadmi miZRvnil ceremonialze Tsu-is reqtorma lado papavam universitetis damfuZnebelTa saflavebi yvavilebiT Seamko

8 Tebervali, 2015 weli

ivane javaxiSvili 9

krebuli _ `kaci, romelmac saqarTvelos goni Secva-la~ _ ivane javaxiSvilis xsovnisadmi miZRvnili samecnie-ro forumisTvis momzadda. forumi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi wels ukve meored imarTeba ivane javaxiS-vilis dabadebis dRes, 23 aprils. forumis Catarebis ini-ciativa universitetis reqtors, akademikos lado papa-vas ekuTvnis, romlis idea gaxlavT samecniero forumze Tsu-is fakultetebis profesor-maswavlebelTa da samive safexuris studentebis mier warmodgenil samecniero kv-levaTa mimoxilvis safuZvelze, gamarjvebul naSromTa avtorebis (TiTo fakultetidan erTi profesoris da sa-mive safexuris studentebis TiTo moxsenebis) fuladi premiiT dajildoveba. vfiqrobT, am krebulis mkiTxveli unda icnobdes im damokidebulebas, rac universitetis damaarseblisadmi dRevandel reqtors aqvs. swored ivane javaxiSvilisadmi damokidebulebebis analiziT SeiZleba imis gansazRvra _ rogor reqtorTa mwkrivs uerTdeba igi (istoria wiTel da mxolod xelisuflebisTvis msaxur reqtorebsac icnobs!). akademikos lado papavas reqto-rad arCevis Semdeg, pirveli, rac Turme man gaakeTa, mis kabinetSi ivane javaxiSvilis portretis `dabruneba~ iyo. am nabijs momdevno iniciativebic mohyva da gvinda, misi poziciebi krebulis SesavalSive avsaxoT.

is, rom universiteti `TeTri taZaria~, es mxolod saRebavis ferma ki ar ganapiroba, aramed im didi adamianebis damsaxurebam, romlebic universitetis daarsebas edgnen saTaveSi

ivane javaxiSvili gaxldaT ara ubralod didi mec-nieri, istorikosi, didi sazogado moRvawe da, rac mTa-varia, universitetis damfuZnebeli, aramed igi SeiZleba CaiTvalos XX saukunis saqarTveloSi patiosnebis, gana-Tlebis, ganviTarebis, inteligentobis simbolod. ivane javaxiSvili da misi megobrebi, Tanamoazreebi _ anTeb-


ulni universitetis Seqmnis ideiT, TavianTi moRvaweobiT, Tavidan, mxolod da mxolod enTuziazms efuZnebodnen. Tumca, aqve xazi unda gaesvas, rom Zalian male, univer-sitetis daarsebis Semdeg, pirvel qarTul universitets seriozuli daxmareba aRmouCina social-demokratiulma mTavrobam. man universitets misca saxelmwifo statusi, gamouyo sabiujeto dafinanseba, ramac kidev ufro metad gaaZliera universiteti. ivane javaxiSvili, miuxedavad imisa, rom, komunisturi mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebu-li zewolis gamo, aRar iyo reqtori, mainc rCeboda Tavad universitetis ideis simbolod.

aRsaniSnavia, rom didi iyo ivane javaxiSvilis damsax-ureba istoriul mecnierebaSi, magram CemTvis, rogorc ekonomistisTvis, gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivia is mimar-Tuleba, romelic dakavSirebulia saqarTvelos ekonomi-kur istoriasTan. ivane javaxiSvilma Seqmna, praqtiku-lad, sruli suraTi imisa, Tu rogori iyo saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTareba, gansakuTrebiT mis feodalur etapze Sua saukuneebSi. am fundamenturi naSromiT man se-riozuli saazrovno masala dautova momavali Taobis is-torikosebs da im ekonomistebs, romlebic saqarTvelos ekonomikur istorias swavlobdnen. misi am naSromebis mniSvneloba dResac ganumeorebelia da samagido wignia yvelasTvis, vinc saqarTvelos ekonomikur istorias ikv-levs.

isic aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli sazogadoebis cno-bierebaSi ivane javaxiSvilis, rogorc simbolos, dam-kvidreba dadasturda universitetisaTvis misi saxelis darqmeviT. es, garkveulwilad, im tradiciis SenarCune-baa, romelic daedo universitets dafuZnebisTanave da romelSiac lomis wvlili ivane javaxiSvils miuZRvoda. es tradicia, uwinares yovlisa, emyareba imas, rom univer-siteti aris samecniero-saswavlo dawesebuleba (xazs vus-vam _ pirvel adgilzea `samecniero~ dawesebuleba).

universitets, samwuxarod, xSirad hqonda mZime perio-debi: is, rom Tavad ivane javaxiSvili Camoaciles reqto-robas da universitetsac ki, Tundac, es rad Rirs... da, mas Semdeg rom gadavxedoT universitetis ganviTarebas,

ivane javaxiSvili 11

samwuxarod, mis istoriaSi `Savi furclebis~ raodeno-ba ufro metia, vidre is `furclebi~, romlebic univer-sitetis keTildReobaze metyvelebs. Tumca, mTlianobaSi (erTma Cemma megobarma miTxra: `am TeTr taZars, ramdeni talaxic unda esrolo, mainc ar moecxeba da TeTri dar-Cebao~), is, rom universiteti `TeTri taZaria~, es mxolod saRebavis ferma ki ar ganapiroba, aramed im didi adamian-ebis damsaxurebam, romlebic universitetis daarsebas edgnen saTaveSi... ivane javaxiSvili, petre meliqiSvili, eqvTime TayaiSvili, ioseb yifSiZe, akaki SaniZe, dimitri uznaZe, Salva nucubiZe, andria razmaZe, giorgi axvledi-ani, korneli kekeliZe, filipe gogiCaiSvili da sxvebi _ es iyo didebuli kohorta adamianebisa, romlebic univer-sitetis ideas edgnen saTaveSi.

dRes, CvenTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rom ivane ja-vaxiSvilis tradiciebi SevinarCunoT. am mizniTac Caeyara ramdenime iniciativas safuZveli. kerZod, saubaria yovelwliuri samecniero forumis gamarTvis inicia-tivaze, rodesac yvela fakulteti wina wlis saukeTeso Sedegebs moaxsenebs am forums da SerCeuli saukeTeso moxsenebebi, iqneba es profesorebis Tu studentebis, da-jildovdeba _ fuladi premiiT. am forums swored ivane javaxiSvilis saxeli hqvia.

im wvlilis sapativsacemod, rac ivane javaxiSvilma Seitana qarTvelologiis ganviTarebaSi, SevqmeniT ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saerTaSoriso premia, romelic yovel or weliwadSi erTxel mieniWeba ucxoel mecniers qarTvelologiis ganviTarebaSi RvawlisTvis. ai, es ini-ciativac ivane javaxiSvilis saxelTan aris dakavSirebu-li.

adre erT-erT gadacemaSi iyo reitinguli gamokiTxve-bi gamoCenil qarTvelebTan dakavSirebiT da ivane javax-iSvili aTeulSi ver moxvda. es proeqti briyvul proeq-tad mimaCnia, radgan es mxolod salaRobo, gasarTobi da arafris momcemi proeqtia. rogor unda awono da Tqva, vin ufro didia, vTqvaT, ilia WavWavaZe Tu daviT aRmaSenebe-li? ar vici... orive didia da orives Tavisi adgili uka-via istoriaSi... an ra kriteriumebiT SeiZleba Tqva _ am


gamorCeul adamianebSi ivane javaxiSvili aTeulSi unda iyos Tu ara (es ar aris qarTuli proeqti, rogorc sxva mravali proeqti Cvens JurnalistikaSi. igi gadmoRebu-lia ucxoeTidan). ivane javaxiSvili iyo, aris da mudmivad darCeba, vidre iarsebebs saqarTvelo. ... da darCeba im wa-ruSlel pirovnebad, im simbolod, rogoradac man daim-kvidra qarTveli xalxis cnobierebaSi adgili _ simbolo ganaTlebis, simbolo qveynis ganviTarebis, simbolo wesi-erebis.

da bolos, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, uw-mindesisa da unetaresis ilia meoris brZanebiT, 2015 wlis 8 Tebervals, universitetis daarsebis 97-e wlisTavze, uni-versiteti dajildovda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis umaRlesi jildoTi _ wminda giorgis oqros or-deniT, rac aris ivane javaxiSvilis Taobidan moyolebuli dRemde universitetis warmatebis, universitetis gamar-jvebis ideiT Sepyrobil adamianTa wvlilis dafaseba.

lado papava ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtori, akademikosi, profesori

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis umaRlesi jildo _ wminda giorgis oqros ordeni, romliTac saqarTvelos kaTo-likos-patriarqma, uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia meorem univer-siteti daajildova.


g 1 h

ivane javaxiSvili _ilia WavWavaZis memkvidre

isini droSi ascdnen erTmaneTs, Tumca ilias mkvlelo-bamde ivane ukve peterburgSi ganaTlebamiRebuli studen-ti da Semdeg axalgazrda swavluli iyo... maTi urTierTo-bis detalebs istoria ar icnobs... ucnauria, radgan erTma daiwyo da meorem gaagrZela... pirvelma `joxi“ dahkra da meorem aRasrula... erovnuli TviTSegnebis gamoRviZebi-sTvis da qarTvelTa ganaTlebisTvis brZola pirveli qa-rTuli universitetis gaxsniT dasrulda _ es aris gza iliadan ivanemde...

ilias mkvlelobas swavluli ivane javaxiSvili ofi-cialurad ar gamoxmaurebia _ istoria raimes arc amaze gvauwyebs... arc peterburgSi myof student ivanesadmi ilias raime saxis mimoweraa cnobili... isini erTmaneTze TiTqosda sdumdnen da usityvod ugebdnen, albaT, erTma-neTs... mxolod grigol robaqiZis ese _ `ivane javaxiSvi-li“ gvamcnobs, isic literaturuli eniT, maTi damokide-bulebis erTaderT epizods: `1907 wels saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi qarTveli swavluli moxsenebas hkiTxulobs. TeatrSi teva aRaraa. msmenelTa Soris imyofeba didi qa-rTveli: WavWavaZe ilia, romlis Tandaswreba mTel krebas sazeimo iersa hfens. momxsenebeli jer kidev axalgazrdaa, xolo gonebiT ukve mowifuli... laparakobs nela, pauze-biT: etyoba _ swonis da zomavs naTqvams. sityva TiTqo ar emorCileba _ albaT cdilobs, arc meti Tqvas da arc naklebi. arc erTxel xmis amaRleba: naazris cxadeba ise gulisxmieria misi. damswreni guldasmiT ismenen yovel sityvas momxseneblisas _ da grZnoben TandaTan, rom maT-Si raRac izrdeba nel-nel, anu ukeT _ raRac imarTeba _ mze tkbili da Zalis momgvreli. saqarTvelos xerxemali? swored es da mxolod es. Tavdeba moxseneba. msmenelni aRfrTovanebiT acileben axlad movlenil swavluls,


xolo Tvali mainc ilias mimarT uWiravT: undaT gaigon, Tu ras ityvis dauRalavi mobrZavi saqarTvelos kul-turisa. neli, mokle, Sinagan aRvivebuli sityviT amcnevs didi qarTveli irgvliv TavmoyrilT Tavis gaxarebas. il-ias sityva edeba mTel krebas _ rigidan rigebs _ viTar madliT ganfenili dasturi. sixaruli matulobs. bolos es `ganaCeni“ momxsenebelsac swvdeba. mis mSvid saxes na-Teli efineba _ TiTqos hsurs gamxnevebuls gasZaxos xe-vsurulad `jani mamimatis!“ axalgazrda swavluli ivane javaxiSvilia“, _ wers grigol robaqiZe eseSi, romlis bo-loTqmaSic mwerali miuTiTebs: `zemoxsenebul moxsene-bas javaxiSvilisa me ar davswrebivar: imJamad ucxoeTSi viyav. Tu rogor Sexvda am moxsenebas ilia WavWavaZe _ es ambavi gagonili maqvs gansvenebul valerian guniasgan“ (Jurnali `qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi“, 1986 w.), _ ase saZebaria warsulSi maTi urTierTobis niuansebi, ise ki yvela aRiarebs, rom ivane javaxiSvilma pirnaTlad gaamarTla kurTxeva _ didi iliasgan idumali gziT miRe-buli. ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc ilia WavWavaZis pirda-piri memkvidre, swored im kuTxiT aris saintereso, ilias-gan momdinare _ ra ideologia ganamtkica man qarTveli eris saarsebo aucileblobisTvis. am Temas Cvens respon-dentebTan _ istorikos vaxtang gurulTan da filolog Tamaz kvaWantiraZesTan erTad ganvavrcobT.

interviu istorikos vaxtang gurulTan

_ ratom TvliT, rom ivane javaxiSvili ilia WavWava-Zis memkvidre iyo, raSi gamoixateba es?

_ XIX saukunis miwurulisa da XX saukunis damdegis saqarTveloSi sul ufro cxadi xdeboda, rom sazoga-doebriv-politikur asparezze ilia WavWavaZis memkvi-dre ar Canda. saSualo da axalgazrda Taobis moRvaweTa Soris ar iyo pirovneba, romelic Tavis misias ilias saq-mis gagrZelebaSi xedavda. swored am periodSi gamodis samoRvaweo asparezze ivane javaxiSvili (1876-1940 ww.). ar SeiZleba imis Tqma, rom ivane javaxiSvili ilia WavWavaZis


politikuri memkvidrea. ivane javaxiSvilma mecnieruli da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis procesSi moaxdina im ideebis xorcSesxma, romelic ilias erovnul programaSi iyo dasaxuli. ai, am gagebiT SeiZleba miviCnioT ivane ja-vaxiSvili ilia WavWavaZis gzis gamgrZeleblad.

_ ufro konkretulad ilia WavWavaZis erovnuli programis romel ideebs Seasxa xorci ivane javaxiS-vilma?

_ am ideaTagan umTavresi saqarTvelos istoriis Se-qmna da qarTuli universitetis daarseba gaxldaT. ilia WavWavaZe miiCnevda, rom saqarTvelos realuri istoriis codna aucilebeli iyo yvela qarTvelisTvis. saqarTvelos arakeTilmosurneni Segnebulad ayalbebdnen saqarTvelos istorias, cdilobdnen qarTvelebi daerwmunebinaT, rom saqarTvelos istoriaSi saamayo araferi iyo. swored ami-tom surda ilias, yvela qarTvels _ ymawvilsa da zrdas-ruls, hqonoda mSobliur enaze dawerili saqarTvelos mecnieruli istoria _ dawerili popularuli, gasagebi eniT. am TvalsazrisiT, ilias samoRvaweo asparezze gamos-vlis droisTvis savalalo mdgomareoba iyo. ilia WavWava-Zis mier wamoyenebuli ideis realizeba ivane javaxiSvilma meoce saukunis damdegs, ilias sicocxleSive daiwyo. mar-Talia, ilia WavWavaZe ver moeswro ivane javaxiSvilis kapi-taluri naSromis _ `qarTveli eris istoriis~ (pirveli wigni gamoica 1908 wels, meore _ 1914 wels) gamosvlas, ma-gram cxadi gaxda erTi ram: ilias erovnuli programis erTi mniSvnelovani nawili realizebul iqna. SemTxveviTi ar iyo is, rom 1937 wels, ilia WavWavaZis dabadebidan 100 wlis iu-bilesTan dakavSirebiT, ivane javaxiSvilma waikiTxa leq-cia `ilia WavWavaZe da saqarTvelos istoria~.

XIX saukunis meore naxevari ise miilia, rom saqarT-veloSi universitetis daarseba mxolod ideis doneze dar-Ca. am ideis xorcSesxma verc XX saukunis damdegs moxerxda. am droidan saqarTveloSi universitetis daarsebis idea or did ideas daukavSirda _ saqarTvelos avtonomiis mop-ovebasa da saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas. ruseTis saxelmwifo sabWos wevri, ilia WavWavaZe, iyo am sami didi erovnuli saqmis ganxorcielebisaTvis brZolis


winamZRoli. ilia WavWavaZe jer kidev cocxali iyo, rodesac 1907 wlis 22, 23, 24 ivniss Tbilisis sakrebulos darbazSi ivane javaxiSvilma waikiTxa leqcia `kultu-ris istoria saqarTveloSi~. leqciidan kargad Canda, rom qarTuli kulturis isto-riaSi centraluri adgili ekava ganaTlebas, kerZod, akademiebs. 1907 wlisaTvis ki es tradicia ukve karga xnis darRveuli iyo. 1917 wlis 12 maiss TbilisSi da 17 maiss quTaisSi ivane javax-iSvilma waikiTxa leqcia _

`qarTuli universitetis daarsebis aucilebloba~. ivane javaxiSvili iwyebda im didi erovnul-sazogadoebrivi mniSvnelobis mqone ideis ganxorcielebisaTvis brZolas, romlis xorcSesxmac didma iliam ver moaswro.

_ kidev ra msgavsebas xedavT ilia WavWavaZesa da ivane javaxiSvilis naazrev-naRvaws Soris?

_ orivesTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo epoqis winmswrebi ideebis wamoyeneba da yvelafris gaReba maTi xorcSesx-misTvis, brZolis gagrZeleba sruliad uimedo viTarebaSi, samSoblosa da moyvasis siyvaruli, Seulaxavi avtorite-ti, erovnuli saqmis winamZRolisTvis aucilebeli Tvise-bebi, mowameobrivi cxovrebisaTvis mzadyofna...

interviu filolog Tamaz kvaWantiraZesTan

_ Tqveni azriT, ratom Tvlian ivane javaxiSvils ilias `produqtad~?

_ 1907 wels ilia WavWavaZis tragikulad daRupvis dros ivane javaxiSvili axalgazrda mecnieri iyo. maSin igi ukve leqciebs kiTxulobda da, ramdenadac maxsovs,

ivane javaxiSvili,peterburgis universitetSi moRvaweobis periodi


erT-erT leqcias ilia WavWavaZec eswreboda.

ilia WavWavaZis Semoq-medeba da moRvaweoba axal-gazrda ivane javaxiSvils, rogorc ityvian, xelis gulze edo. miuxedavad imisa, rom igi peterburgSi moRvaweobda, jer rogorc studenti, da, Semdeg, ro-gorc privat-docenti, igi erTi wamiTac ar mom-wydara saqarTvelos su-lier cxovrebas, romelSic gamorCeuli adgili ekava ilia WavWavaZes. mas uTqvams, rom qveyana Raribi maSin ki ar aris, roca, vTqvaT, madneuli an raime wiaRiseuli sim-didre ar moepoveba, aramed qveynis siRaribe da simdidre ganisazRvreba imiT, Tu ramdeni ganaTlebuli da gulanTe-buli patrioti hyavs. ilias es naazrevi Zvalsa da rbilSi hqonda gamjdari ivane javaxiSvils da, rogorc ityvian, erTgvarad dahkankalebda Tavze yvela im axalgazrdas, romelic samSoblos gareT iRebda ganaTlebas. Tu vin, sad da ra profesias eufleboda, amis Sesaxeb cnobebs ivane javaxiSvili 1900-iani wlebis dasawyisidanve agrovebda im azriT, rom rodesac dakravda Jami da realurad dadgebo-da universitetis gaxsnis sakiTxi, yvela es adamiani Tavis gverdiT daeyenebina da saqarTvelos, qarTuli univer-sitetis samsaxurSi Caeyenebina.

_ ilias pirvels hqonda gaazrebuli, rom saqarT-veloSi universiteti unda dafuZnebuliyo...

_ rodesac aleqsandre II saqarTveloSi Camodioda (1870-iani wlebi), ilia ukve 30 wlis Zal-RoniT savse moR-vawe iyo. am droisTvis qarTvelebi amzadebdnen erTgvar adress (moTxovnas) _ erTi nawili axalgazrdobisa _ ilias Taoba, anu Tergdaleulebi iRvwodnen, rom xelm-wifisTvis universitetis gaxsna moeTxovaT, meore _ e.w.

ilia WavWavaZe


mamaTa nawili ki saqarTveloSi kadetTa korpusis, anu samxedro saswavleblis gaxsnas aniWebda upiratesobas, rac isedac Sedioda ruseTis gegmaSi. aman gamoiwvia risx-viani orTabrZola mamaTa da SvilTa Soris, rasac mohyva grigol orbelianis `pasuxi SvilTa~, risi gamoZaxilic iyo ilia WavWavaZis `pasuxis pasuxi~ da a.S. ilia WavWavaZe universitetis gaxsnis ideiT jer kidev 70-ian wlebSi iyo Sepyrobili, magram SeiZleboda ki am wlebSi qarTule-novani universitetis gaxsna? maSin erTi xelis TiTebze CamoiTvleboda ruseTSi moRvawe ramdenime qarTveli profesori.

_ ilia WavWavaZis mier wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebe-li sazogadoebis dafuZnebac SeiZleba CavTvaloT uni-versitetis gaxsnis winapirobad...

_ wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis da-fuZnebiT iliam da misma Tanamoazreebma balavari Cauyares qarTul universitets, magram es Sroma SeiZle-ba wyalSi gadayriliyo, asparezze rom ar gamoCeniliyo kaci _ aseve Sepyrobili universitetis ideiT. am mxriv gaxldaT igi yvelaze didi ilieli, rogorc amas Cems erT-

wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoeba


erT statiaSi aRvniSnav._ ratom ar arsebobs ivane javaxiSvilis an mimarT-

va, an werili, roca ilia WavWavaZe mokles? ratom ar aris sazogadoebisTvis cnobili informacia maTi urT-ierTobis Sesaxeb?

_ am kuTxiT informacia arc me maqvs, magram udavoa, ilias mkvlelobis Semdeg peterburgSi Sekrebili romeli qarTveli studentebic acxadebdnen, rom ilia, rogorc moqalaqe, mosaklavi iyoo, swored maT, ukve wiTel pro-fesorebad movlenilebma, gaagdes 30-ian wlebSi ivane ja-vaxiSvili universitetidan. eseni iyvnen marqsistebi, gay-idulebi, swored is xalxi, romelic, Tavis droze, ilias xsovnas fexze ar wamoudga.

P.S. ase rom, biografiuli monacemebis mixedviT, ar dasturdeba ilia WavWavaZisa da ivane javaxiSvilis axlo urTierTobis faqti, magram udavoa, rom ivane javaxiSvili samarTlianad iTvleba ilia WavWavaZis gzis gamgrZele-blad qarTuli erovnuli TviTSegnebis SenarCunebisa da gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT. maT erTi hqondaT mizanic da, amis gamo, saerTo hyavdaT mteric. ilia mokles, magram gaimarjva misma ideam, romelsac frTa ivane javaxiSvilma Seasxa.

nino kakuliaTsu-is gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~

redaqtori, Jurnalisti`Tbilisis universiteti~, 23 aprili, 2011 w.


g 2 h

ivane _ universitetisdamaarsebeli

`javaxiSvili rom im dros dabadebuliyo, igi iqneb sxva eqvTime an giorgi

mTawmindeli, an efrem mcire yofiliyo an, Tu ginda, grigol xanZTeli, radgan

igi axal saqarTveloSi igive movlena iyo, rogoric iyvnen es didni mamani Zvel

saqarTveloSi~

mixako wereTeli

carizmis bnel epoqaSi, rodesac mefis mona-morCilni cecxliTa da maxviliT sdevnidnen saqarTveloSi yove-live qarTuls, ivane javaxiSvilma SeZlo Tavis garSemo Semoekriba peterburgSi ganaTlebamiRebuli axalgazrda mecnierebi da saZirkveli Caeyara qarTuli erovnuli uni-versitetisaTvis, rac maSin qarTveli eris TviTmyofado-bis gadarCenas udrida. ivane javaxiSvilma gaimarjva ara mxolod ruseTze, aramed qarTul nihilizmzec, anu im ada-mianebze, romelTac ar sjerodaT qarTuli universitetis gaxsna.

universitetis daarsebis idea myar fesvebze idga, radganac qarTuli saganmanaTleblo tradiciebi saTaves iRebda fazisis filosofiis da ritorikis skolidan (IV saukune, kolxeTi), gelaTisa da iyalTos akademiebidan (XII saukune), aseve, palestinis (V saukune), siriis (VI sau-kune), saberZneTisa (X-XI saukuneebi) da bulgareTis (XI saukune) qarTuli samonastro-saganmanaTleblo centre-bidan. mterTa Semosevebisa da politikur-ekonomikuri dauZlurebis Sedegad maT jer kidev XIV saukuneSi Sew-yvites funqcionireba. saqarTvelos ruseTis koloniad gadaqcevam ki wertili dausva erovnuli umaRlesi sagan-manaTleblo dawesebulebebis arsebobas.


XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi eris ganaTlebulma da mowi-nave sazogadoebriobam gamoRviZeba daiwyo da pirvelad Seecadnen saganmanaTleblo tradiciebis aRdgenas.

`1830 wels gaixsna Tbilisis gimnazia, romlis mizani ar yofila universitetSi Sesasvlelad axalgazrdebis momzadeba. 1835 wels, franguli da germanuli enebis swav-lebis SemoRebis Semdeg, Tbilisis sasuliero seminariis kursdamTavrebulebs neba daerToT umaRles skolaSi Se-suliyvnen~ (s. jorbenaZe `Tbilisis universitetis mokle istoria~, 1988 w.). amave wels gimnaziis 5 kursdamTavrebu-li saswavleblad ruseTis universitetSi gaigzavna. am pe-riodidan qarTveli axalgazrdoba umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad ruseTSi miemgzavreboda. maTi ZiriTadi nawili swavlobda maSin sakmaod cnobil sankt-peterburgis uni-versitetSi, moskovis universitetSi, aseve, ruseTis im-periaSi Semaval tartus universitetSi, novorosiis uni-versitetsa da sxv. es universitetebi arc erT evropul universitets ar Camouvardebodnen.

dro gadioda. ruseTSi TandaTan imata qarTvelebis ricxvma da Seiqmna Zlieri birTvi, romelmac gadamwyveti roli Seasrula pirveli qarTuli universitetis daarse-baSi.

`universitetis daarsebis idea gaCnda XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi, rac Semdgom gadaizarda `Tergda-leulTa~ realur brZolaSi. qarTuli erovnul-gamaTa-visuflebeli moZraobis xelmZRvanelebi, ilia WavWavaZis meTaurobiT, dabejiTebiT moiTxovdnen universitetis gaxsnas, magram `carizmi~ amis winaaRmdegi iyo im motiviT, TiTqos qveyana moumzadebeli gaxldaT universitetisT-vis. miuxedavad `carizmis~ am Tezisisa, garemoeba sxvas mowmobda: qarTvel studentTa ricxvis zrda ruseTisa da evropis umaRles saswavleblebSi adasturebda, rom Cveni axalgazrdoba mzad iyo Seevso universitetis auditorie-bi, Tuki igi TbilisSi gaixsneboda. am yalbi Tezisis gamo ilia WavWavaZe werda: ̀ axla vsTqvaT, rom Cveni xalxi viTom marTla moumzadebelia. maS, vinc moumzadebelia, Tavis dReSi aRar unda momzaddes? xalxs ra amzadebs? swavla, varjiSoba, gamocdileba, im saqmeSi Cayeneba, risTvisac


momzadeba saWiroa. kacs xel-fexs vukravT da veubnebiT ki _ Widili iswavleo~ (s. jorbenaZe `Tbilisis universite-tis mokle istoria~, 1988 w.).

qarTuli universitetis gaxsnis ideiT Sepyrobili axalgazrdebi imperatoris nebarTvis molodinSi uqmad ar msxdaran. isini saqarTveloSi aviTarebdnen mwerlo-bas, qmnidnen saganmanaTleblo da samecniero centrebs da anoyierebdnen im niadags, romelzec Semdgom qarTuli universiteti unda aRmocenebuliyo.

universitetis ideis xorcSesxma moxerxda XX saukunis 10-ian wlebSi, mas Semdeg, rac ivane javaxiSvilis meTau-robiT rTuli, dabrkolebebiT savse da mizanmimarTuli nabijebis gadadgma daiwyo. am peripetiebs ufro siRrm-iseulad gvacnobs istorikosi, akademikosi roin metrev-eli, romelmac wignic miuZRvna ivane javaxiSvilis Rvawls universitetis daarsebisa da qarTuli mecnierebis ganvi-Tarebis saqmeSi.

roin metreveli: `ivane javaxiSvilSi, romelmac ganaTleba sankt-peterburgis universitetSi miiRo, Ta-vidanve iyo Camjdari mosazreba, rom saqarTveloSi dae-

eqvTime TayaiSvili


fuZnebina ganaTlebis kera. roca man universiteti daas-rula, jer saprofesorod mosamzadeblad datoves, xolo garkveuli drois Semdeg peterburgis universitetis privat-docenti gaxda. man swored universitetis gaxsnis ideis xorcSesxmis mizniT Caatara gamokiTxva da daad-gina, msoflios romel qveynebSi swavlobdnen da moR-vaweobdnen _ qarTveli studentebi da profesorebi. amiT ivane javaxiSvilma garkveuli warmodgena Seiqmna qarTvel profesorebze, romliTac ideaSi momavali qarTuli uni-versiteti unda dakompleqtebuliyo.

1907 wels ivane javaxiSvilis Tanamoazrem da Taname-brZolma eqvTime TayaiSvilma TbilisSi daafuZna `saqarT-velos saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoeba~. es gax-ldaT pirveli akademiuri dawesebuleba saqarTveloSi, romelic did saqmeebs akeTebda qarTuli inteligenciis gaerTianebis TvalsazrisiT. aq ikiTxeboda samecniero moxsenebebi, sazogadoebis egidiT tardeboda samecnie-ro-arqeologiuri eqspediciebi, grovdeboda siZveleebi. am sazogadoebis mecadineobiT gamodioda ori Jurnali: `saqarTvelos siZveleni~ da `Zveli saqarTvelo~, erTSi statiebi ibeWdeboda, meoreSi ki _ Zveli dokumentebi. amiT qarTuli sazogadoeba umaRlesi ganaTlebis keris Se-qmnisTvis mzaddeboda. paralelurad mimdinareobda muS-aoba peterburgSic.

1914 wlis bolos ruseTis imperiaSi gamovida kano-ni, romelic imperiaSi kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis daarsebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda. swored es ufleba gamoiyenes mowinave qarTvelebma~.

universitetis daarsebis kampania

1917 wlis Tebervlidan ivane javaxiSvilma univer-sitetis daarsebisTvis konkretuli nabijebis gadadgma daiwyo. man Tavis binaze peterburgSi, laxtinis quCaze, Sekriba universitetis daarsebiT dainteresebuli qa-rTveli mecnierebi: ioseb yifSiZe, akaki SaniZe, Salva nu-cubiZe da sxvebi. swored am krebaze daisva sakiTxi uni-


versitetis daarsebis Sesaxeb. es idea krebis monawileTa didma nawilma gaiziara, Tumca mas mowinaaRmdegeebic hy-avda. magaliTad, iseTi didi moRvawe, rogoric iyo niko nikolaZe, asabuTebda, rom universitetamde TbilisSi `politeqnikumi~ unda Seqmniliyo, romelic sainJinro da sasoflo-sameurneo dargis specialistebs aRzrdida. se-

akaki SaniZe giorgi axvlediani dadimitri uznaZe

ioseb yifSiZeSalva nucubiZe


riozuli polemikis miuxedavad, saboloo jamSi, univer-sitetis daarsebis ideam gaimarjva da daiwyo brZola uni-versitetis SeqmnisaTvis.

1917 wlis gazafxulze ivane javaxiSvili TbilisSi Camovida da 12 maiss Caatara qarTuli universitetis damfuZnebeli sazogadoebis kreba, romelsac daeswrn-en eqvTime TayaiSvili, filipe gogiCaiSvili, akaki San-iZe, korneli kekeliZe, dimitri uznaZe, luarsab bocvaZe, grigol veSapeli, ilia zurabiSvili da sxvebi. swored am krebaze waikiTxa ivane javaxiSvilma istoriuli moxseneba, romelSic igi asabuTebda, rom universitetis daarseba eris gonebriv da kulturul aRorZinebas Seuwyobda xels. igi asabuTebda, ratom unda daarsebuliyo TbilisSi uni-versiteti da ara sxva saxis saswavlebeli. man aRniSna, rom saganmanaTleblo kerebis Seqmna dasavleT evropaSic analogiurad moxda: jer universiteti daarsda, xolo Semdeg akademiebi Seiqmna. ivane javaxiSvils miaCnda, rom universitetis daarsebiT SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda sasof-lo-sameurneo da teqnikuri institutebis daarseba, rac Semdgom swored asec moxda.

carizmis damxobis Semdeg droebiTi mTavrobis fil-ials amierkavkasiaSi (ozakomi) gezi rusuli universite-tisken hqonda aRebuli. ozakomis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen kita abaSiZe da akaki Cxenkeli. kita abaSiZe 1917 wels gar-daicvala da erovnuli interesebis dacva am organoSi daekisra akaki Cxenkels, romelic gverdiT edga ivane ja-vaxiSvils, romelmac am sakiTxze Tanxmobis misaRebad pe-terburgs mimarTa. igi ar kmayofildeboda marto uni-versitetis ZiriTadi debulebis peterburgSi gagzavniT _ ukavSirdeboda peterburgel qarTvel moRvaweebs da sTxovda, daeCqarebinaT mTavrobaSi kerZo qarTuli uni-versitetis ZiriTadi debulebis damtkicebis sakiTxi.

`am periodSi gaCnda uaRresad muxanaTuri gegma, ro-melic droebiTi mTavrobis mier inspirirebulma Zalebma gaaxmovanes: TbilisSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas kerZo qarTuli universiteti, magram manamde unda daarsdes amierkavka-siis rusuli saxelmwifo universitetio. Salva nucubiZe igonebs: `oldenburgi, vasilievi da sxvebi mzrunveli ki-loTi gvirCevdnen, xeli agveRo im uimedo saqmis dawyebaze,


romelsac saqarTvelos universiteti ewodeboda. qarTul enas ar aqvs arc mecnieruli terminologia, arc mecni-eruli tradicia, yvela amis Seqmna ara Tu Zneli, uimedo saqmeao _ gveubneboda es gulSematkivari xalxi. Tqven arc msmenelebi geyolebaT, radgan maTi nawili Zvelebu-rad ruseTSi wamova saswavleblad, xolo meore nawili amjobinebs rusul universitetSi swavlas, romelic Tqvens gverdSi iqneba da romlis mecnierul Rirebulebas Tqven verasodes metoqeobas ver gauwevTo~ (s. jorbenaZe `Tbilisis universitetis mokle istoria~, 1988 w.).

`1917 wlis 14 oqtombers akaki SaniZem gazeT `saxalxo saqmeSi~ gamoaqveyna werili `ori universiteti~, sadac aRniSnulia: `peterburgidan pirdapiri mavTuliT ityo-binebian, rom tfilisSi ianvridan rusuli universiteti ixsnebao. peterburgidan nel-nela fostiT modis da jer verc ki Camosula qarTuli universitetis ZiriTadi deb-uleba, Sewynarebuli da ori muxlis gamoklebiT TiTqos damtkicebuli droebiT mTavrobis mier. ver Camosula, ma-gram, albaT, rodisme Camova da, maSasadame, tfilisSi ian-vridan ori universiteti iqneba, erTi _ rusuli, meore _ qarTuli~ (s. jorbenaZe `Tbilisis universitetis mokle istoria~, 1988 w.).

1917 wlis 27 noembers ivane javaxiSvilma amierkavkasiis komisariats mimarTa universitetis wesdebis ZiriTadi de-bulebis dasamtkiceblad. am dReebs akaki Cxenkeli ase ix-senebs: `me mowme viyavi, ra Wapan-wyveta ganicades ivane ja-vaxiSvilma da misma viwro jgufma, sanam mizans miaRwevdnen. Tumca revoluciis pirvel xanaSi, maSasadame, TiTqos sru-li Tavisuflebis frTebis qveS, universitetis, Tu ginda, kerZosi, nebadaurTvelad gaxsna yovlad SeuZlebeli iyo... visTvis unda miemarTna ivane javaxiSvils nebarTvisTvis? ozakomisTvis, romelic atarebda petrogradis droebiTi mTavrobis Zala-uflebas amierkavkasiis farglebSi. oza-kommac ganixila javaxiSvilis Suamdgomloba... bolos moi-wona warmodgenili winadadeba da dasturic mogvca~ (wers 1928 wels, ukve emigraciaSi myofi akaki Cxenkeli parizSi gamomaval JurnalSi `damoukidebeli saqarTvelo~).

universitetis daarsebis kampania mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT gaiSala: sazogadoebam daiwyo qvelmoqmedeba,


Seiqmna safinanso komisia, bevri Tanxasac agzavnida, Sei-Zleba es saqmes ar yofnida, magram moralurad mxardaWer-isaTvis didi stimuli iyo. universitetis daarsebas didi daxmareba gauwies rogorc qarTvelebma, aseve, araqa-rTvelebmac. magaliTad, cnobilia, rom didi raodenobiT Tanxa gamogzavna qarTveli eris didma megobarma, somexma sazogado moRvawem ovanes Tumanianma.

17 maiss ivane javaxiSvili quTaisSi Cavida da iq Caata-ra kreba, romelzec aseve didi mxardaWera moipova. uni-versitetis daarsebisaTvis safuZveli, garkveulwilad, ukve Cayrili iyo Tbilisis gimnaziis Senobis mSeneblobis dros. es gaxldaT niko cxvedaZis TaosnobiT agebuli sa-Tavadaznauro gimnazia (universitetis axlandeli mTa-vari korpusi), romelSic ilia WavWavaZe, niko cxvedaZe, iakob gogebaSvili da sxva qarTveli moRvaweni imTaviTve qarTul universitets moiazrebdnen. swored am SenobaSi gamoeyo ramdenime oTaxi Tbilisis universitets.

roin metreveli: `roca ukve safuZvelze my-arad dadgnen, ivane javaxiSvilma CaTvala, rom uni-versiteti 8 Tebervals, Zveli stiliT 26 ianvars unda gaxsniliyo. es gaxldaT daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRe da am dRes universitetis gaxsna man specialu-rad daamTxvia, radganac daviT aRmaSenebeli is kaci iyo, romelmac saqarTveloSi ganaTleba Semoitana. daviT aRmaSenebelma daafuZna gelaTis akademia, ro-

saTavadaznauro qarTuli gimnaziis Senoba, romelSic 1918 w. gaixsna pirveli qarTuli universiteti


melic `axal aTinad~ da `meore ierusalimad~ iwode-boda, rogorc sibrZnisa da rwmenis simbolo, radgan aTeni sibrZnis centri iyo da ierusalimi _ rwmenisa.amaTi simbiozi iZleoda gelaTis akademias, sadac swavla yvela im principebiT da kategoriebiT mimdinareobda, romliTac evropaSi aswavlidnen. aq universitetisTvis misaRebi 7 aucilebeli sagani iswavleboda. swored am principiT Seqmna ivane javaxiSvilma gegma, sadac konkre-tulad Camowera, ra fakultetebi gaixsneboda da vin iqneboda Tbilisis universitetis profesura~.

srulyofili universitetis gaxsnisaTvis, aranakleb, 4 fakulteti iyo saWiro _ istoriul-filologiuri, sa-maTematiko-sabunebismetyvelo, iuridiuli da samkurna-lo. krebaze, romelic 1917 wlis 9 noembers gaimarTa, dadginda, rom jerjerobiT daarsebuliyo erTi fakulte-ti _ sibrZnismetyvelebis, anu safilosofio fakulteti Semdegi ganyofilebebiT: 1) humanitarul mecnierebaTa (romelic udrida peterburgis universitetis istori-ul-filologiur da aRmosavluri enebis fakultetebs); 2) samaTematiko da 3) sabunebismetyvelo. rac Seexeba sam-kurnalo fakultets, gadawyda, rom `eTxovos qarTvel eq-imTa da bunebismetyvelTa sazogadoebas da moskovis uni-versitetis docents gabriel grigolis Ze RambaraSvils, erTad iqonion msjeloba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rodis aris axlo momavalSi SesaZlebeli, rom qarTul universitetSi sam-kurnalo fakulteti daarsdes~. (s.jorbenaZe `Tbilisis universitetis mokle istoria~; Tb; 1988 w.)

saqarTvelos gonebis suverenobis aRdgena

Zneli da mZime gzis Semdeg qarTvel sazogado moRvawe-Ta Zalisxmevas Sedegi mohyva. 1918 wlis 26 ianvars, daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, 1 saaTsa da 20 wuTze Tbili-sis saTavadaznauro gimnaziis SenobaSi gaixsna pirveli qarTuli universiteti. am movlenas samarTlianad uwodes `saqarTvelos gonebis suverenobis aRdgena~. stumrebis miReba da dResaswaulis xelmZRvaneloba ilia WavWavaZis diswulma kote abxazma itvirTa.


universiteti akurTxa da gza dauloca sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma kirion meorem. man Tavisi sityva ase daam-Tavra: `suliTa da guliT visurveb, rom am Cven qar-Tul norC universitetSi male gaxsniliyos yvela ganzraxuli fakultetebic, rogorc es dasavleT evro-paSi aris mowyobili~.

xelisuflebis sax-eliT universitetis gaxs-nas miesalma saqarTvelos erovnuli sabWos aRmas-rulebeli komitetis wevri, universitetis damfuZne-beli sazogadoebis Tavm-jdomare akaki Cxenkeli, romelic am dRes, ukve emigraciaSi myofi, ase ixsenebs: `CemTvis Znelia mogoneba, ra vTqvi im dRes Tavmjdomaris savarZlidan. maxsovs mxolod araCveulebrivi mRelva-reba, gulis-tokva, romelic ganvicade... amave gancdas advilad amoikiTxavdiT sxva damswreTa saxezed. didi iyo maTi ricxvi, xalxs ver itevda sazeimo darbazi, verc gan-ieri derefnebi, TviT ezoSi bevri kankalebda sicivisagan. amodena uadgilobiT gawamebul xalxs sxva ar darCenoda ra, garda imisa, rom bani daewia darbazidan miRebul vaSa-taSisaTvis. sayuradReboa, rom, garda moswavle axalgazr-dobisa, blomaT iyo mdabio xalxi: muSa, xelosani, vaWari... ukanaskneli sWarbobdnen kidec pirvels. rac Seexeba poli-tikur da sazogado moRvaweT, maT Soris ar sCandnen ofi-cialuri pirebi. aRsaniSnavia mxolod Cveni mezoblebis delegaciebi, romelTac mosaloci sityvebi warmoTqves~ (Jurnali `damoukidebeli saqarTvelo~, 1928 weli, parizi).

gaxsnis ceremoniaze sityvebi warmoTqves universite-tis pirvelma reqtorma petre meliqiSvilma, profesorma

kirion II


ioseb yifSiZem, qarTul, rusul, somxur, azerbaijanul da polonur kulturul-saganmanaTleblo organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebma. waikiTxes misaloci depeSebic.

Tavad ivane javaxiSvili im droisTvis universitetSi arsebuli erTaderTi _ sibrZnismetyvelebis fakulte-tis dekani gaxda.

pirveli leqcia 1918 wlis 30 ianvars istorikosma ivane javaxiSvilma waikiTxa Temaze _ `adamianis pirovneba da misi mniSvneloba Zvel qarTul-saistorio-safilosofo mwerlobasa da cxovrebaSi~.

universitetSi im droisTvis profesor-maswavlebel-Ta raodenoba 18 kacs iTvlida. swavlas Seudga 369 stu-denti da 89 Tavisufali msmeneli.

universitetis debulebiT, studentad gaxdoma See-Zlo orive sqesis moqalaqeebs, ganurCevlad erovnebisa da sarwmunoebisa, romelTac saSualo skola hqondaT dam-Tavrebuli. swavleba mimdinareobda qarTul enaze.

1918 wlis 30 maiss universitetis mmarTvelobis umaRlesma organom _ profesorTa sabWom specialu-rad ganixila saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan universitetis damokidebulebis sakiTxi. sabWom daadgina, rom saxelm-wifo universitetad gadaqcevis Semdeg mas `unda hqondes sruli avtonomia. mTavrobas unda ekuTvnodes mxolod xarjTaRricxvis damtkiceba da kontroli...~

roin metreveli: `roca ucxoeli Camodis, kiTxu-lobs, am qveyanas universiteti aqvs? enciklopedia aqvs? da Tu pasuxi dadebiTia, e.i. qveyana ganviTarebulia... da saqarTveloc swored aseTi qveynebis rigSi Cadga univer-sitetis gaxsniT.

universitetis daarsebis Semdeg daiwyo sruliad axa-li kulturuli era, romelsac saTaveSi edga ivane javax-iSvili _ kaci, romelic ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed msoflio istoriaSi unikaluri movlenaa~.

maia toraZeTsu-is gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~

Jurnalisti, asocirebuli profesori`Tbilisis universiteti~ 23 aprili, 2011 w.


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niko marTan urTierTobaSi gaCenili bzari

ori didi mecnieris _ niko marisa da ivane javax-iSvilis urTierTobaze specialistebi dResac msj-eloben da miaCniaT, rom es sakiTxi sagangebo kvlevas saWiroebs. moswavle-maswav-leblis, SemdgomSi ki ro-gorc kolegebis urTier-Toba, yvelaze kargad maT mimoweraSi Cans, romelic 1900-1923 wlebis qronolo-giur monakveTs Seicavs. ro-gorc cnobilia, am or mec-niers Soris urTierTobaSi bzaris gaCena qarTuli uni-versitets daarsebas ukav-Sirdeba.

qarTvel sazogadoebas niko maris Sesaxeb erTgva-rovani damokidebuleba arasodes hqonia. misi nawili mi-iCnevda, rom miuxedavad maris `gansxvavebuli damokide-bulebisa~ qarTuli saqmeebisadmi, igi didi mecnieri iyo da didi wvlili aqvs Setanili qarTuli enaTmecnierebis ganviTarebaSi. meoreni ki mas arasodes patiobdnen qar-Tuli universitetis gaxsnis saqmeSi gaweul winaaRmdego-bas da zogierT sxva mosazrebas, romelic qarTvelTaTvis Rirsebis saqmedac ki miiCneoda. kerZod: konstantine gam-saxurdias gadmocemiT, niko mari rusTvelis `vefxisty-aosans~ naTargmnad miiCnevda da mis dedans sparseTsa da somxeTSi eZebda, amas garda, mas egona, rom mdinare suf-sis saxelwodeba afsuuria (es mosazreba bevrma mecnierma gaiziara, Tumca mere dadginda, rom `fsi~ ar aris afsuuri

niko mari


Ziri _ aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi aris mdinare fca, ber-Znul enaSi es Ziri Sesulia iberiulidan. xolo iberiuli Ziri ar niSnavda afsuurs da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi afsuebi ver daarqmevdnen mdinares saxels) da, rac mTa-varia, igi qarTuli universitetis gaxsnis sanacvlod moiTxovda kavkasiis universitetis gaxsnas, sadac swavle-ba rusul enaze iqneboda. swored es ukanaskneli pozicia iTvleba ivane javaxiSvilsa da niko mars Soris urTierTo-bis daZabvis safuZvlad.

sanam ivane javaxiSvili TbilisSi universitetis gaxs-nis aucileblobasa da SesaZleblobaze daiwyebda saubars, marsa da ivane javaxiSvils Soris sanimuSo urTierToba iyo _ jer rogorc pedagogsa da moswavles, mere ki _ ro-gorc kolegebs Soris.

niko mari cnobilia, rogorc didi enaTmecnieri, filologi, orientalisti, arqeologi, kulturis isto-rikosi, romelsac araerTi mniSvnelovani aRmoCena, dak-virveba, migneba Tu hipoTeza ekuTvnis. misi mama Sotlan-diidan iyo, deda ki qarTveli hyavda da gimnaziac quTaisSi dausrulebia 1884 wels.

niko mari is mecnieri iyo, romelsac ivane javaxiSvili Tavis maswavlebad miiCnevda. niko maric did yuradRebas iCenda qarTveli axalgazrdisadmi, zrunavda mis rogorc akademiur warmatebaze, aseve materialur-yofacxovrebiT pirobebze. unda iTqvas, rom peterburgis universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg 1899 wels ivane javaxiSvili peter-burgis universitetSi saprofesoro moRvaweobisTvis da-satoveblad swored niko marma waradgina, romlis Suamd-gomlobac peterburgis universitetis aRmosavlur enaTa fakultetma gaiTvaliswina. maTi erToblivi TanamSrom-lobis saukeTeso magaliTia eqspedicia sinas mTaze, sadac ivane javaxiSvilma aRmoaCina giorgi merCules `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ da igi gamosacemad mosamzadeblad niko mars gadasca, radgan miiCnia, rom igi ukeT gaarTmevda Tavs am did saqmes.

istorikosi goCa saiTiZe interviuSi, romelic man gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~ Jurnalists SurTxia beroSvils 2011 wels misca, aRniSnavs, rom ivane javaxiS-


vilisa da niko maris urTierToba ramdenime etapad iyofa, rac kargad Cans mimoweridanac. `niko mars ivane javaxiS-vilisadmi uzarmazari amagi hqonda, peterburgis univer-sitetSi mas ori moswavle hyavda: ivane javaxiSvili da so-mexi akademikosi adonci, romelmac Tavis qveyanaSi somxur istoriografias Cauyara safuZveli. niko maris damsax-urebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is faqtic, rom ivane javaxiS-vili germaniaSi samecniero mivlinebiT gaemgzavra, iqaur samecniero wreebTan urTierToba daamyara da naSromebic gamoaqveyna. batoni ivane didad afasebda maris amags, in-tensiurad werda maswavlebels Tavis samecniero muSaobis Sesaxeb. marTalia, maT Soris asakSi didi sxvaobac ar iyo, magram ivane javaxiSvilisTvis mas sxva statusi hqonda~.

rogorc aRvniSneT, am or did mecniers Soris urT-ierTobaSi bzaris gaCena qarTuli universitets daarse-bas ukavSirdeba. `niko mars miaCnda, rom mecnieri sxva saqmeebiT naklebad unda iyos dainteresebuli, raSic ba-toni ivane ar eTanxmeboda da fiqrobda, rom istorikosi saqveyno saqmeebSic aqtiurad unda yofiliyo CarTuli. 1918 wels ivane javaxiSvils Tanamoazreebad Tavisi mo-swavleebi gamouCndnen, romlebsac universitetis gaxsna undodaT. uTanxmoebac niko marsa da ivane javaxiSvils Soris aqedan daiwyo. mars miaCnda, rom saqarTveloSi uni-versitetis daarsebisaTvis saWiro pirobebi ar iyo Seqm-nili da amas didi dro dasWirdeboda. misi azriT, Tavda-pirvelad saWiro iyo Seqmniliyo mecnierebaTa akademia, SemdgomSi ki universitetis daarsebaze fiqric SeiZlebo-da. ivane javaxiSvili maris am mosazrebas ar eTanxmeboda da miaCnda, rom es ar iyo sakmarisi argumenti da es dab-rkoleba momavalSi gamoswordeboda. am uTanxmoebis gamo maT werilebSi sagrZnoblad civdeba toni, Tumca maTi mi-mowera ar Sewyvetila~, _ ambobs goCa saiTiZe `Tbilisis universitetisTvis~ micemul interviuSi.

1921 wlis 23 ianvriT aris daTariRebuli ivane javax-iSvilis mier niko marisTvis miwerili werili, romelSic Cans, rom miuxedavad niko maris damokidebulebisa Tbili-sis universitetisadmi, igi mainc iqna mowveuli leqciebis wasakiTxad: `Tqven, Cemo b(aton)o, mowveuli brZandebiT


profesorad Cvens universitetSi da Cvenive TxovniT mog-marTaT Tqven Cvenma mTavrobam. Tqveni Camosvlis ambavi gvaxarebs da gvamxnevebs. ra kurssac airCevT wasakiTxa-vad, TqvenTvis mogvindvia da am mxriv sruli Tavisufle-ba geqmnebaT, rasakvirvelia. jerjerobiT ki gvecodineba da leqciebis nusxaSiac SevitanT, rom Tqven am mimdinare semestrSi waikiTxavT: `baskuri enis adgili iafetur ena-Ta Soris~ (`niko marisa da ivane javaxiSvilis mimowera~, 1996 w).

igive werili Seicavs fasdaudebel da utyuar isto-riul cnobebs Tbilisis universitetis Sesaxeb: `amJamad Cven 3 fakulteti gvaqvs, 2814 studenti, 39 profesori, 10 docenti gvyavs da sxvebi, samecniero-saswavlo nawilis mTeli piradi Semadgenloba 127-s udris. universitets 7 Senoba ekuTvnis da mravali srulebiT mowyobili dawe-sebuleba aqvs. universitetis wignTsacavSi 115 000 tom-wignze meti iTvleba. erTi kviraa, rac safrangeTiTgan, inglisiTgan da germaniiTgan 20 000-mde axladgamowerili wignebi mogvivida. marTalia, jer bevri rame gvaklia, ma-gram imdenad mainc movewyveT, rom muSaoba SesaZlebelia,~ _ wers ivane javaxiSvili maswavlebels (Jurnali `niko marisa da ivane javaxiSvilis mimowera~, 1996 w.).

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa werili, romelic niko marisTvis ivane javaxiSvils universitetis profesorTa kolegiis davalebiT miuweria. werili garkveul Sefasebas aZlevs niko maris qarTuli universitetisadmi damokide-bulebas. amasTan, saSualeba gvaqvs, davrwmundeT im pi-ruTvnel principulobasa da pirdapirobaSi, rac ivane javaxiSvilisaTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli: `pativcemulo b-no niko, Tqveni werilis miRebisTanave misi Sinaarsi vac-nobe Cveni universitetis profesorTa kolegias da Seve-kiTxe, sasurvelia Tu ara iafetur enaTmecnierisgan erT da erT dRevandel miwevnilobaze leqcia rom yofiliyo Cvens universitetSi Tqvens mier qarTulad wakiTxuli. Tqveni Txovnis Tanaxmad gacnobebT srulebiT gulwrfe-lad kolegiis saerTo azrs da pasuxs. Cveulebrivs piro-bebSi universitetis profesorTa kolegia siamovnebiT Seegebeboda am survils Tqveni `sxvafriv moazreobisda~


miuxedavad. magram Tqven mierve Seqmnil pirobebSi profe-sorTa kolegias Tqveni survilis dakmayofileba srule-biT SeuZleblad miaCnia. Cveni universitetis daarsebis ganzraxvas mTel ruseTSi aravin ar Sexvedria ise mtru-lad, rogorc Tqven, 1917 wlidan moyolebuli aravis Tqvenebr TavgamodebiT ar uweria da ubrZolia saTanado wreebSi am wminda kulturuli saqmis politikur sakiTxad gadasaqcevad, misi saxelis gasatexad da CasaxSobad~ (Ju-rnali `niko marisa da ivane javaxiSvilis mimowera~, 1996 w.). aq mxedvelobaSia is garemoeba, rom niko mars qarTuli universitetis daarseba Taviseburad hqonda warmodge-nili da, rogorc Cans, garkveul dromde ar uyurebda am saqmes perspeqtiulad. yovelive aman universitetis mes-veurTa ukmayofileba gamoiwvia da rodesac mas survili gauCnda leqcia waekiTxa universitetSi, uariT upasuxes mecnieris winadadebas.

ivane javaxiSvili werils Cveuli sidarbaisliT am-Tavrebs: `momavalSiac mravalgvar zemoaRniSnul usia-movnebisda miuxedavad yovelTvis gulwrfelad moxa-ruli viqnebiT peterburgel mkvlevaris TiToeuli TxzulebisaTvis, Tu rom igi wminda mecnieruli iqneba da ara imgvari publicisturi xasiaTisa, romelsac mxolod da mxolod Cveni politikuri da kulturul-erovnuli ganadgureba hqondes miznad dasaxuli. davSTebi mainc marad TqvenTvis keTilis mosurne iv. javaxiSvili (7 de-kemberi 1923 w. q. tfilisi)~. (Jurnali `niko marisa da ivane javaxiSvilis mimowera~, 1996 w.).

miuxedavad universitetSi leqciis wakiTxvaze SeTv-lili uarisa, ivane javaxiSvilsa da niko mars Soris urT-ierToba ar Sewyvetila. isini kvlav didi pativiscemiT ekidebodnen erTmaneTs da uziarebdnen mosazrebebs sx-vadasxva sakiTxebze.

maia toraZeTsu-is gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~

Jurnalisti, asocirebuli profesori`Tbilisis universiteti~ 23 aprili, 2011 w.


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reqtoris nabijebi

ivane javaxiSvilis Rvawli, rogorc pirveli qarTuli universitetis organizatorisa, kar-gad gamoCnda misi reqto-ris postze muSaobisas. lideris TvisebebiT man sabWoTa reJimzec gaimar-jva da sagonebelSi Caagdo yvela mowinaaRmdege _ ro-gor moedrikaT is pirovne-ba, romelsac qarTveli

eris saukeTeso da Segnebuli nawili winamZRvrad aRi-arebda. marTalia, mas mZime qartexili mainc Seexo, magram ivane javaxiSvilis universitetis ideas sabolood mainc veravin gamouTxara Ziri. warsulma ki legendad qceuli is gmiruli nabijebi Semogvinaxa, rac reqtorad yofnis dros mxolod ivane javaxiSvils, da ara Cveulebriv mokv-davT, SeeZlo gadaedga.

universitetis pirveli reqtoris arCevaze rom midga saqme, yvela niSniTa Tu maCvenebliT, elementaruli samar-Tlianobis principis dacviT, reqtoroba ivane javaxiS-vils ekuTvnoda... mas erTxmadac SesTavazes es posti, ma-gram ivane javaxiSvilma reqtorobaze uari ganacxada da saerTaSoriso aRiarebis mqone mecnieris _ petre meli-qiSvilis kandidatura wamoayena. `batoni petre cnobili mecnieri gaxlavT ruseTsa Tu evropaSi da misi reqto-roba met saxels moutans Cvens axlad daarsebul univer-sitetso~ _ uTqvams ivane javaxiSvils da mis am principul Sexedulebas verc veravin SewinaaRmdegebia (s. jorbenaZe, `Tbilisis universitetis mokle istoria~; Tb. 1988 w.). ase rom, 1918 wlis 13 ianvars Tbilisis universitetis pro-fesorTa sabWos pirvel sxdomaze, ivane javaxiSvilis

petre meliqiSvili


winadadebis safuZvelze, reqtorad petre meliqiSvili airCies. igi TiTqmis 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi sruliad usasy-idlod uZRveboda axlad daarsebul saswavlebels da uSurvelad axmarda Tavis codnas, gamocdilebasa da av-toritets pirvel qarTul universitets. Tumca Tavad pe-tre meliqiSvili aRiarebda: `ivane javaxiSvili brZandeba erTaderTi damaarsebeli, sulisCamdgmeli da erTaderTi raindi Cveni universitetisa, aq mas veravin Seetoqeba da Seeziareba~ (`universiteti~; Tb. 2008 w.). TviTon ivane ja-vaxiSvili im droisaTvis universitetSi arsebuli erTad-erTi _ sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis dekani gaxda.

1919 wlis 11 oqtombers petre meliqiSvilma erT-erT profesorTan momxdari sityvieri incidentis gamo reqto-robidan da profesorobidan gadadgoma iTxova, rac 1919 wlis 12 oqtombers universitetis profesorTa sabWom daakmayofila. amis Semdeg, 2 Tveze metxans universitets reqtori ar hyolia. reqtoris moadgilis movaleobas ivane javaxiSvili asrulebda. igi reqtorad arCevis wi-naaRmdegi iyo. reqtoris Tanamdebobaze uari man profe-sorTa sabWos saxelze Sedgenil werilSi gamoxata, sadac aRniSnulia: `batono Tavmjdomarev! Tu vinicobaa profe-sorTa sabWos krebaze Cemi kandidatura wamoyenebul iqmna universitetis reqtorobis Tanamdebobaze arCevis dros, gTxovT, Cemi werilobiTi gancxadebiT auwyoT sabWos, rom me uars vambob, metismeti daRlilobis gamo, kandidato-baze da Tanac gTxovT im pirTa siiTgan, romelTac reqto-robaze kenWi eyrebaT, Cemi gvari amoSaloT~.

miuxedavad am ganacxadis ganxilvisa, universitetis profesorTa sabWom ar gaiTvaliswina mecnieris es Txovna da 1919 wlis 17 dekembris sxdomaze ivane javaxiSvili reqto-rad erTxmad mainc airCia. sabWos wevrebs reqtoris vakantur Tanamdebobaze mis garda sxva kandidati arc dausaxelebiaT. ivane javaxiSvils, miuxedavad didi fizikuri datvirTvisa, uari veRar ganucxadebia SeTavazebul postze. 1920 wlis 4 ianvars man ndobisTvis samadlobelo sityviT mimarTa profesorTa sabWos, romelsac universitetis saakademio cxovrebis ganviTarebis koncefciac warudgina. ase Seudga ivane javaxiSvili reqtoris Tanamdebobaze saqmianobas.


misi sazrunavi da samoqmedo are metad mravalmxrivi iyo: cdilobda profesuris samecniero donis amaRlebas _ ivane javaxiSvilis mier Sedgenili Tbilisis univer-sitetis ZiriTadi debulebiT SemoiRes erTi samecniero xarisxi doqtorisa, anu moZRvarT-moZRvrisa. amiT ru-seTis universitetis magistris xarisxi, xolo dasavleT evropis doqtoris xarisxi moZRvarT-moZRvrobis samec-niero xarisxs gautolda _ es iyo genialuri gamosavali imisaTvis, rom universitetSi profesorTa ricxvi gaz-rdiliyo. reqtori universitetSi samoRvaweod speciali-stebs sxvadasxva qveynidanac iwvevda.

`universitetis mmarTveloba avtonomiuri principiT iyo agebuli. ivane javaxiSvilis Sedgenil da qarTuli uni-versitetis gamgeobis mier damtkicebul universitetis wesdebaSi mkveTrad iyo gansazRvruli saxelmwifosa da universitetis urTierTobis forma. profesorTa sabWo mkacrad icavda wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebul, universite-tis saqmeebSi xelisuflebis Caurevlobis politikas da mkacrad emijneboda partiul interesebs~ (`profesorTa sabWos oqmebi, 1917-1926~; Tb. 2006 w.). xolo mas Semdeg, rac universiteti saxelmwifo saswavleblad gardaiqmna (1918 wlis 3 seqtemberi), universitetis gamgeoba val-debuli iyo, yovelwliuri xarjTaRricxva dasamtkice-


blad waredgina mTavrobisa da erovnuli sabWosTvis, aseve, yovelwliurad gaegzavna ganaTlebis ministrisad-mi leqciebis nusxa da TanamSromelTa sruli monacemebi, kerZod ki, igi awvdida cnobebs maTi ganaTlebisa da samec-niero cenzis Sesaxeb. amis dasturia ganaTlebis saxalxo komisariatis arqivSi daculi erTi dokumenti, romelic momzadebulia ivane javaxiSvilis mier. masSi CamoTvlil-ia 1923 wlisTvis umaRlesi kvalifikaciis profesor-mas-wavlebelTa Semadgenloba da maTi daxasiaTeba. sabuTi warmoadgens universitetis reqtoris ivane javaxiSvilis mimarTvas saxalxo ganaTlebis komisariatisadmi.

ivane javaxiSvilis reqtorobis periodSi Seiqmna axa-li fakultetebi: agronomiuli, politeqnikuri da iurid-iuli (socialur-ekonomikuri).

maSindeli reqtorati ibrZoda profesor-maswavle-belTa sayofacxovrebo pirobebis gaumjobesebisaTvis _ `1920 wlis 1 oqtombers universitetis profesorTa sab-Wom daadgina: gamoiyon profesorebi Salva nucubiZe, ko-rneli kekeliZe da giorgi axvlediani da daevaloT maT, gamonaxon saSualeba Sinauruli gziT (sursaT-sanovagis, SeSis Tu sxva raimes droze SeZeniT) profesor-leqtorTa umweo mdgomareobis `Sesamsubuqeblad~.

reqtori yovelmxriv exmareboda xelmokle studen-tebs da araerTxel aRmouCenia maTTvis materialuri Tu moraluri daxmareba. ivane javaxiSvili yvelanairad uwy-obda axalgazrdebs xels _ mTeli Sinagani resursi gana-Tlebis miRebaSi daexarjaT, Tumca, roca 1921 wlis Teber-valSi saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas sabWoTa ruseTis jarebi Semoesia da qveynis TavisuflebisTvis brZolis dro dadga, ivane javaxiSvilma universitetSi Sekrebil studentobas frontze wasasvlelad da samSob-los dasacavad mouwoda. TviTmxilvelis sityvebiT ivane javaxiSvils uTqvams: `marTalia, gvaklia iaraRi, gvaklia saomari aRWurviloba, gvaklia bevri sxva ramec, magram Cven brZen xalxs uTqvams: vaJkacsa guli rkinisa, abjari Tundac xisao. Cveni erovnuli kulturis TeTri taZari gzas daulocavs yvelas, vinc brZolis velisken mieSure-ba~.


universitetSi SemoWrili `urdos~ winaaRmdeg

`elvis uswrafesad icvleboda viTareba frontze, amis Sesabamisad tardeboda mTeli rigi RonisZiebebi Tbili-sis saxelmwifo universitetSi. universitetis reqtormaA ivane javaxiSvilma damfuZnebeli krebis prezidiumTan arsebul Tavdacvis komitets weriliT mimarTa: `pativi gvaqvs, werilobiT gacnoboT Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis profesorTa sabWos dadgenileba, miRebuli saswrafod mowveuls sagangebo sxdomaze 16 Tebervals 1921 wels frontze Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo, ro-melic sityvierad imave dRes mogaxseneT. a) Tbilisis sax-elmwifo universitetis profesorebi, docentebi, leq-torebi, asistentebi da sazogadod samecniero-saswavlo nawilis piradi Semadgenlobis wevrebi mzad arian yvelani, mTeli Tavisi codna, gamocdileba da sicocxle Seswiron safrTxeSi myofis Zvirfasi samSoblos Tavisuflebis dac-vis saqmes da sTxovon komitets, raTa maTi gonebrivi Tu fizikuri Zala gamoiyenos ise, rogorc mas saumjobesod miaCnia samSoblos dacvis miznebisaTvis. b) universitetis samaTematiko-sabunebismetyvelo fakultetis labora-toriebisa da samkurnalo fakultetis klinikebis karebi Riaa omis saWiroebisaTvis~ (`profesorTa sabWos oqmebi 1917-1926~, manana liluaSvilisa da zurab gaiparaSvilis winasityvaoba, 2006 w.), _ aseT daxmarebas sTavazobda uni-versiteti qveyanas, romlis okupaciac ruseTis mxridan ukve gardauvali iyo.

`frontze Seqmnili mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, uni-versitetis gamgeobam gamosca brZaneba: `qarTuli ganZis, romelic saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoebis gankar-gulebaSi imyofeboda, misi Cabargebis Sesaxeb sazRvarga-reT gasatanad~. qarTuli saunjis gaxizvna metad daZabul atmosferoSi mimdinareobda. swored universitetis Seno-bis me-3 sarTulze 16 Tebervals mTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi yuTebSi alagebdnen samuzeumo eqsponatebs da adgendnen siebs. emigraciaSi wasvlis gamo universiteti datova eqv-Time TayaiSvilma, romelsac saqarTveloSi datrialebul ganukiTxaobas garidebuli qarTuli saunjis dacva daeva-


la~ (`profesorTa sabWos oqmebi 1917-1926~, manana lilu-aSvilisa da zurab gaiparaSvilis winasityvaoba, 2006 w.).

maSin emigraciaSi wasvla SesTavazes ivane javaxiSvil-sac, magram mas wuTiTac ar uyoymania _ ar datova saqarT-velo da Tavisi universiteti.

bolSevikebis mier Tbilisis aRebis Semdeg univer-sitets wiTelarmielebis SemoWris safrTxe daemuqra. uni-versitetis xelmZRvanelobam wesrigis dacva moiTxova... ivane javaxiSvilis gautexlobam da principulobam Tavisi gaitana _ universiteti aoxrebas gadaurCa.

`yovel wuTs modis cnoba xan erTi, xan meore nac-nobi ojaxis sazRvargareT wasvlis Sesaxeb. mama univer-sitets ar Sordeba. qalaqSi dabneulobaa. aTas zRaprul xmas avrceleben. yvela aramzada cdilobs, am dabneulo-biT isargeblos. erT dilas mamasTan saxlSi modian pro-fesorebi: Salva nucubiZe da korneli kekeliZe, Zalian aRelvebulni arian da acnobeben mamas, rom politeqni-kuri institutis reqtori arSak babovi moiTxovs uni-versitetis gasaRebs. kargad maxsovs, rogor aRSfoTda

wiTeli armiis Semosvla TbilisSi. 1921 wlis Tebervali


mamaCemi da kategoriulad uTxra: araviTar SemTxvevaSi, ra SuaSia babovi, ra xeli aqvs universitetTan. me movale var warvsdge axali xelisuflebis winaSe~. da marTlac, rodesac axali xelisufleba damyarda, mama dilidan uni-versitetSi iyo~, _ ase igonebs ivane javaxiSvilis qaliS-vili naTela javaxiSvili 1921 wlis Tebervlis dReebs (Ju-rnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w). ivane javaxiSvilis SviliSvili Tarxuj javaxiSvili ki gadmocemiT monaTxrobidan aseT suraTs xatavs: `modi da `urdos~ gauwie winaaRmdegoba... universitetis ezoSi koconebi hqondaT danTebuli... ivane javaxiSvili universitetSi wavida, gaaRo kari da Signidan Caketa _ axla movidnen, Tu undaTo... ar vici, ramdeni xani iyo TviTpatimrobaSi, magram am xerxiT ki universiteti gadaarCina da aravis misca iq SeWris ufleba~.

ivane javaxiSvilis principulobasa da uSiSaroba-ze metyvelebs misi SviliSvilis Tarxuj javaxiSvilis monaTxrobic, roca beria piradad misula ivane javaxiS-vilTan da misTvis uTqvams: Cem cols universitetSi Caba-reba unda, magram skolis damTavrebis atestati ar aqv-so. ivane javaxiSvils misTvis upasuxia _ ver miviRebTo. brZaneba rom iyoso? _ ukiTxavs berias. ivane javaxiS-vils ki pirdapir da Tamamad uTqvams _ universitetSi brZanebebs me viZlevio. erTxel universitetSi sergo orjonikiZesac mouTxovia tribuna, magram uari piradad reqtorisgan miiRo: umaRles saswavlebelSi partiuli ga-mosvlebi akrZaluliao. albaT, swored am TvisebaTa gamo hqonda ivane javaxiSvils is avtoriteti, rac mas liderad warmoaCenda da risi gakeTebac, survilis miuxedavad, sx-vebs ar SeeZlo.

sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg univer-sitetSi aqtiurad daiwyo rusuli umaRlesi saswavle-blebis principebis danergva. ivane javaxiSvilisTvis yov-elTvis miuRebeli iyo ama Tu im qveynis umaRlesi skolis formisa da Sinaarsis pirdapir gadmoReba. `SeuZlebelia evropisa da ruseTis universitetebidan saswavlo pro-gramebisa da swavlebis meTodebis pirdapiri gadmoRe-ba. es sakiTxi saTuT midgomas saWiroebs, radganac misi gauanalizeblad CarTva saswavlo procesSi `gansacdel-


Si Caagdebs Cvens univer-sitetsa da mecnierebas~, _ werda ivane javaxiSvili ganaTlebis saxalxo komis-ariats Tavis moxsenebiT baraTSi. ivane javaxiSvili, cxadia, win ver aRudgeboda movlenebs, Tumca sakuTari poziciebis aSkarad dafiq-sirebac maSin gmiroba iyo. igi verc SeZlebda SeeCere-bina is gadawyvetilebebi, rasac sabWoTa xelisufle-ba axorcielebda.

1923 wlis 30 marts Tsu-is profesorTa sabWom ivane javaxiSvili axali vadiT airCia reqtorad.

reqtorobis periodSi ivane javaxiSvili ganagrZobda aqtiur samecniero da sazogadoebriv moRvaweobas _ iyo ganaTlebis saministrosTan arsebuli saxelmZRvaneloe-bisa da saterminologio saqmis momgvarebeli komitetis Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo samecniero sab-Wos Tavmjdomaris amxanagi (moadgile), saqarTvelos ̀ sais-torio da saeTnografio sazogadoebis~ Tavmjdomare... Ca-moayaliba universitetis stamba (1923 w.).

erTi Rame metexis cixeSi

1924 wels agvistoSi ganviTarebuli antisabWoTa am-boxis dros ivane javaxiSvili qalaqgareT, sofel kar-sanSi, a. didebuliZis agarakze yofila. misi Svili naTela javaxiSvili Jurnal `nekerSi~ wers: `Tbilisidan Cemma deidebma acnobes mamas, rom pirvelive Rames moakiTxes mas. quCaSi Ramis moriges, Cven moxuc meezoves, SeekiTxnen _ saxlSia Tu ara mama? imas epasuxa, rom mama dasasvene-bladaa ojaxTan erTad wasuli. maSin gaufrTxilebiaT dapatimrebis daqadnebiT, rom aravisTvis gaemxila maTi


mosvla. amis miuxedavad, wasulan Tu ara isini, mas ucno-bebia Cemi deidebisTvis es ambavi, werilis miRebisTanave mama fexiT wamovida TbilisSi da TviTonve gamocxadda `CekaSi~, sadac igi daapatimres da daayovnes 48 saaTi~, _ igonebs naTela javaxiSvili. aw gardacvlili profesori jumber WumburiZe ki cnobili germanistis biZina kon-triZis monayols ase ixsenebda: `1924 wels, sxva Tanamoaz-reebTan erTad, biZina kontriZe daapatimres da Casves me-texis cixeSi. erT saRamos, Turme, gaiRo kari da Seiyvanes batoni ivane javaxiSvili. biZina ixsenebda _ wamovxtiT yvela, SemovesieT, sawoli gavumzadeT, rac SegveZlo yu-radReba gamoviCineT da mivualerseTo. batonma ivanem ki gviTxra: axla gviania, daZinebis droa, nu mivecemiT pesimizms da usaqmurobas, xvalidan daviwyeb TqvenTvis leqciebis kiTxvas saqarTvelos istoriaSio~. meore dRes, yvelasTvis gasaxarad, ivane javaxiSvili gauTavisufle-biaT.

reqtorobidan gaTavisufleba

komunisturi ideologiuri manqana mTeli Tavisi ZlierebiT iwyebda muSaobas: 1926 wlidan saswavlo gegmaSi Seitanes iseTi sagnebi, rogoricaa: sabWoTa konstitucia, socializmis istoria, ekonomikuri politika, politi-kuri ekonomiis safuZvlebi, istoriuli materializmi.

partiuli muSakebi da proletaruli wridan gamosuli axali wiTeli inteligencia aSkarad Tavdasxmaze gadavida. komunistur partiul nomenklaturaSi mcirericxovani damcvelebis miuxedavad, ivane javaxiSvili miuRebeli iyo sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis. 1926 wlis 21 ivniss, axali wesdebis Tanaxmad, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtorisa da gamgeobis wevrebis arCevnebi gaimarTa. sx-domas saxalxo komisariatis warmomadgenlebic eswre-bodnen. arCevnebis bedi winaswar iyo gadawyvetili. ivane javaxiSvili arc ki daswrebia arCevnebs. sxdomas reqto-ris Tanamdebobaze asarCevad malaqia toroSeliZem Tedo Rlontis kandidatura SesTavaza.


`Zlivs odnav kalapotSi Camdgari cxovreba kvlav aiwe-wa, _ igonebda naTela javaxiSvili, _ amave dros reaqci-ulma Zalebma universitetSi moaxerxes mavnebluri poli-tikis CaTesvla da mamas misi reqtorobis meSvide wels sazizRari obstruqciebi mouwyves. bolos ukve sakiTxi ise dadga, rom mamaCemis wasvlis aucilebloba realuri gaxda. cxadia, mis gancdebs mxolod is ki ar amZimebda, rom pira-dad misi wasvla iyo saWiro, amaSi mama xedavda universite-tis momavali bedis Semotrialebasac da, rasakvirvelia, arc uimisoba iqneboda, rom Tavis pirmSo universitetidan gaZeveba advili Sesarigebeli yofiliyo misTvis.

erT dRes mama mZime guliswuxilis Semdeg cocxal-mkvdari moiyvanes saxlSi. igi loginad Cavarda. ase gul-gatexili, gulnatkeni da Seuracxyofili me is ar minaxavs SemdegSi momxdari mavnebluri gamosvlebis drosac ki. am ambavma kinaRam imsxverpla mama~, _ igonebs naTela javax-iSvili (Jurnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w.).

ase rom, ivane javaxiSvilis winaaRmdeg saSinel ci-lismwameblur kampanias, 1926 wlis 23 ivniss, misi reqto-robidan gaTavisufleba mohyva.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis reqtoris savar-Zeli, petre meliqiSvilisa da ivane javaxiSvilis Semdeg, Tedo Rlontma daikava.

1928 wels sazeimod aRiniSna universitetis daarsebis 10 wlisTavi, romlis msvlelobis dros aravis wamoscdenia sityva ivane javaxiSvilis mier universitetis daarsebis saqmeSi Setanili wvlilis Sesaxeb. bevri moqalaqe grZnob-da ivane javaxiSvilis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli brZolis usamarTlobas, Cumad TanaugrZnobda mas, mxardaWeris ga-momxatvel werilebsac ugzavnida saxlSi, magram xmamaRla, sajarod, mis gamoqomagebas veravin bedavda.

nino kakulia

Tsu-is gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~redaqtori, Jurnalisti

`Tbilisis universiteti~, 23 aprili, 2011 w.


g 5 h

rogor gaaZeves ivane javaxiSvili universitetidan

saqarTvelos istoriis samarcxvino furclebi

1930-1936 wlebSi sabWoTa xe-lisuflebis dakveTiT ivane javax-iSvilisa da misi skolis winaaRmdeg universitetis wiTelma profesur-am daundobeli brZola gaaCaRa. ras isaxavda miznad universitetis damaarseblis, qarTuli istorio-grafiis patriarqisa da qarTuli saxelmwifos ideologis winaaRm-deg bolSevik `mecnierTa~ brZola _ komunisturi partiis winaSe va-lis moxdas, Tu vinmes swamda, rom ivane javaxiSvili Tavis mrwamssa

da gzas Seicvlida? _ am kiTxvebze pasuxs, rogorc mkiTx-vels, universitetis kedlebs SigniT gamarTuli samarcx-vino diskusiebis Tanamonawileoba mogaZebninebT.

gamaognebelia, magram ara ulogiko, 1930-1936 wlebSi pirveli qarTuli universitetis damaarseblis, ivane ja-vaxiSvilis universitetidan gandevnis faqti... logikas ki im periodis politikur sistemaSi vpoulobT, romlis batonobis drosac wyobileba adamianebs ise amaxinjebda, rom SeeZloT sisxliani xelisuflebisadmi monur mor-Cilebas gadaeyoliebinaT sxvaTa niWiereba, zneobrioba, maRali faseulobebi... aseT adamianebs SeeZloT, ganukiTx-aobisa da sazogadoebaSi gamefebuli SiSis gamo, ubralod, gaCumebuliyvnen da am formiT mieCqmalaT TavianTi pro-testi arsebuli sisxliani reJimis winaaRmdeg... maT See-ZloT, ubralod ar ganeqiqebinaT da ar dapirispirebodnen eris sulierebis mkvebav liderebs, magram maT usamarTlo sistemis erTguli jariskacoba anacvales sindiss, qa-


rTvelobas, gonierebas, Wkuas, ka-cobas... ase gaiwira universitetis damaarsebelTa Tavkaci, romelsac, rogorc gadmocemiT amboben, leq-ciaze mTvrali studentebi Seugza-vnes da romelTac aliaqoTi moawy-obines, stvena dauwyes... albaT, ra martod igrZno Tavi im garemocvaSi didma ivanem... sabWoTa ruseTis wi-Teli armiis saqarTveloSi Semosv-lis Semdeg aRzevebuli bolSevikebi ki taSs ukravdnen ivane javaxiSvi-lis naRvawis dakninebis yovelgvar gamovlinebas da proletariatisTvis damaxasiaTebeli civsisxliani argumentebiT umyarebdnen fesvs umecre-bas... universitetic aRar hgavda im saswavlo-samecniero dawesebulebas, romlis winaSec quds ixdida yvela RvTis-morCili, visac miaCnda, rom RvTis wvdomamde umoklesi gza mxolod ganaTlebaa... maSin es gzac moSales da raRa esaqmeboda did ivanes aseT universitetSi, iq, sadac wiTe-li profesura mxolod laybobda da mecnierebis kvalsac SanTavda, sadac 4 klasis ganaTleba miRebul muSa-glexebs uxsnida umaRlesi saswavleblis kars da sadac burJuaziis gadmonaSTs uwodebda WeSmarit inteligencias... ivane e.w. universitetidan Tavisi nebiT wavida da mis momaval Tao-bas, imedia, gansaqiqeblad dautova saqarTvelos istoria-Si Cadebuli samarcxvino furclebi, romelze aRbeWdili faqtebic yvelafris metyvelia.

istoria ki amas gvauwyebs: ivane javaxiSvilisa da misi skolis winaaRmdeg kampania daiwyo 1930 wlis dekemberSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo pedagogiur institutSi, ro-melic 1930 wels gauqmebuli universitetis bazaze Seqm-nil 4 instituts Soris mTavari saswavlo dawesebuleba iyo. maSin misi reqtori gaxldaT bolSevikebis mier dawi-naurebuli wiTeli profesori ivane vaSaymaZe, romelmac wiTeli profesuris instituti moskovSi daamTavra. am pe-riodSi ivane javaxiSvili pedagogiur institutSi sapro-fesoro moRvaweobas eweoda. rogorc cnobilia, igi 1926

filipe maxaraZe


wels reqtorobidan gadadga da mas Semdeg `saqarTvelos istoriis~ kurss kiTxulobda.

1930 wels mTel sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis kavSirSi daiwyo brZola e.w. kondratievSCinis winaaRm-deg (nikoloz kondratievi iyo cnobili rusi ekonomis-ti, romlis Teoriac stalinma daiwuna da romelic bur-Juaziuli mecnierebis gadmonaSTad monaTles). sabWoTa kavSiris maSindelma xelmZRvanelobam gezi aiRo imisken, rom yvela umaRles saswavlebelSi da samecniero daweseb-ulebaSi Zveli burJuaziuli kadrebi gamoevlinaT da maT-Tvis samecniero da saprofesoro moRvaweoba aekrZalaT. burJuaziul kadrad ganixileboda ruseTis imperiis uni-versitetebSi an sazRvargareT aRzrdili yvela mecnieri, romelTac burJuaziis interesebis damcvelad miiCnevd-nen da, aqedan gamomdinare, sabWoTa wyobilebis mtrebad naTlavdnen. aseT kadrad ganixilebodnen: ivane javaxiS-vili, aleqsandre wereTeli, grigol wereTeli, mixeil po-lievqtovi, giorgi gextmani da sxvani. swored maT winaaR-mdeg daiwyo farTomasStabiani Seteva, romlis erT-erTi gamovlineba iyo 1930 wlis dekembris diskusia.

sainteresoa, ras edavebodnen ivane javaxiSvils da ra logika moqmedeba mis winaaRmdeg? rogorc diskusiis msvleloba avlens, ivane javaxiSvils swamebdnen, rom iyo faqtologi, ar awarmoebda ganzogadebas, ar aintereseb-da mSromeli xalxis istoria, werda mxolod mefeebisa da feodaluri klasis istorias, ar aRiarebda marqsizm-le-ninizmis meTodologias... aseTi umecrebis atmosferoSi gaxurebuli diskusia bolos im SedegiT dasrulda, rom ivane javaxiSvili 1931 wels universitetidan gauSves.

wiTeli profesuris diskusia javaxiSvilis winaaR-mdeg ganaxlda 1936 wlis mart-aprilSi ukve aRdgenil Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi, sadac, im periodSi, mobrunebuli ivane javaxiSvili `qarTuli samarTlis is-torias~ kiTxulobda. rogorc istorikosi vaxtang gu-ruli aRniSnavs, 1936 wels `saqarTvelos istoriis~ kaT-edris saswavlo da samecniero muSaoba filipe maxaraZisa da misi Tanamoazreebis mier kontroldeboda da SeuZle-beli iyo, vinmes ivane javaxiSvilisTvis saqarTvelos is-


toriaSi leqciis wakiTxvis ufleba mieca. 1936 wels ivane javaxiSvilis skolis winaaRmdeg ganaxlebuli diskusi-isas universitets karlo oragveliZe reqtorobda. mwvave, usamarTlo diskusiis Semdeg ivane javaxiSvilma protes-tis niSnad dawera gancxadeba da profesorobidan gadad-gomis moTxovniT saqarTvelos ssr ganaTlebis saxalxo komisars mimarTa. es iyo misi saboloo wasvla univer-sitetidan, sadac aRar dabrunebula.

universitetis istoriis am samarcxvino movlenebis Sesaxeb saubaria 2003 wels istorikosebis vaxtang gu-rulisa da merab vaCnaZis mier gamocemul wignSi `ivane javaxiSvili tiraniis samsjavros winaSe~, romelSic warmodgenilia 1930 wlis dekembersa da 1936 wlis mart-aprilSi gamarTuli diskusiebis stenograma. igi, aT-wleulebis manZilze, saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis cen-tralur saxelmwifo arqivSi inaxeboda, Tumca, mTlianad gamoqveynebuli ar iyo. gamoqveynda mxolod nawil-nawil, dokumenturi masalidan amonaridebis saxiT. es masalebi gasaidumloebuli arasdros yofila, Tumca ivane javaxiS-

Tevdore (Tedo) Rlonti karlo oragveliZe


vilis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis Tema 60-70-ian wlebamde mainc tabudadebuli iyo. stenogramis sruli versia pirve-lad swored wignSi ̀ ivane javaxiSvili tiraniis samsjavros winaSe~ daibeWda, risi gacnobac farTo mkiTxvelisTvis, im dros universitetSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis gasac-nobiereblad, aucilebelia. mxatvars da istorikoss, al-baT, gauWirdeboda im periodis universitetSi moRvaweTa portretebisa da im organuli, dangreuli Rirebulebebis ise warmoCena, rogorc es dokumentur masalebSia asaxuli.

rogor maxinjdebian adamianebi? ra zRvramde midis maTi monuri morCileba? vin rogor iqceva gmirad da anti-gmirad, sabolood ki vin aris realuri msxverpli _ gan-wiruli da Serisxuli STamomavlobisgan? _ am kiTxvebze pasuxs istorikosi, profesori vaxtang guruli gvcems, romelic imdenad CauRrmavda stenogramis Sinaarss, rom, gancdebis TvalsazrisiT, lamis Tanamonawileobda im pro-cesebSi.

interviu istorikos vaxtang gurulTan

_ stenogramis mixedviT CvenTvis cnobili gaxda, rom diskusiisas sxdomebze gamomsvlelTa mTavari mo-tivacia antimarqsisti qarTveli profesorebisa da, amasTan erTad, sakuTari fizionomiis gamoaSkaravebac iyo. Salva nucubiZem TviTgamorkvevis problema wamoW-ra, romelmac sxdomaze aRniSna: `TiToeulma unda sTq-vas _ visTan aris: muSaTa klasTan Tu mis mterTan? _ ai, es aris Cveni mTavari mizani~. Tqven rogor SeafasebT am `TviTgamaTraxebis“ gzas da am fonze ivane javaxiSvilis mecnierul msjavrs?

_ 1930 wlis dekembrisa da 1936 wlis mart-aprilis sx-domebi ar Sedgeboda, manamde universitetis SigniT didi cvlilebebi rom ar ganxorcielebuliyo. 1926 wels ivane javaxiSvils universitetis reqtoris posti profesor-maswavlebelTa Semadgenlobis socialuri `gadaxal-isebis~ mizniT daatovebines. umaRles saswavlebelSi unda mosuliyo e.w. muSur-glexuri inteligencia. pedagogiuri


da samecniero moRvaweobisaTvis sruliad Seuferebel pirovnebas gagzavnidnen moskovSi, iswavlida iq erTi an ori weli e.w. wiTeli profesuris institutSi, aiRebda profesoris diploms, Camodioda Tbilisis universitet-Si da aq agrZelebda moRvaweobas. 1930 wlis dekembris dis-kusia imitom Sedga, rom universitetSi sabWoTa wyobile-bas komunisturi partiis wevrebis, komkavSirlebis saxiT ukve bevri mxardamWeri hyavda. es xalxi 1926 wlidan (ro-melic universitetis cxovrebaSi gardatexis welia) nel-nela Semorekes da am process win veravin aRudgeboda. 1928 wels, rodesac universitetis daarsebis 10 wlisTavi aRiniSna, maSindelma wiTelma reqtorma Tedo Rlontma werili gamoaqveyna, sadac aRniSna, rom ivane javaxiSvil-ma da misma Tanamoazreebma universiteti daaqcieso, Cven vcdilobT, ivane javaxiSvilis gafuWebuli saqme rogorme gamovasworoTo. ufro uaresic moxda: _ universitetis daarsebidan 10 wlis iubileze universitetSi mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi movidnen, maT Soris, filipe maxaraZe da im periodisTvis saqarTvelos specsamsaxuris erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli _ lavrenti beriac. sazeimo sxdomaze vi-Rac adga da Tqva: javaxiSvili avirCioT saiubileo sxdo-mis sapatio prezidiumSio. darbazi taSiT daingra. xolo rodesac saiubileo sxdomis sapatio prezidiumSi filipe maxaraZe daasaxeles (SeiZleboda, prezidiumSi aerCiaT kaci, romelic saerTod ar iyo TbilisSi an im sxdomaze) taSi Zalian cotam daukra. lavrenti beriam es faqti maS-inve saTanadod aRiqva. man moxsenebiTi baraTi dawera, sa-dac aRniSna: universitetis studentebis naxevarze meti Cvens winaaRmdeg aris, raime rom ar garTuldes (saer-TaSoriso mdgomareobas gulisxmobda), axlave unda vi-moqmedoT, Torem kacma ar icis, universitetSi ra ambebi datrialdebao. es iyo signali imisa, rom universitetis darbeva ukve swrafi tempebiT unda dawyebuliyo. am gegmis ganxorcielebas mxolod javaxiSvilis reqtorobidan gaTavisufleba da Tedo Rlontis moyvana ar uSvelida. javaxiSvilis gadayenebidan 2 weli gavida, magram arsebiTi araferi Secvlila. 1928 wlidan daiwyo didi darbeva da misi kulminacia 1930 wlis dekembris diskusia iyo. darbe-


va sxvadasxva meTodiT mimdinareobda. praqtikulad uni-versiteti gauqmda. es gadawyvetileba moskovSi miiRes _ sauniversiteto ganaTleba arasaWirod iqna miCneuli. amis mTavari motivi iyo is, rom mTel sabWoTa kavSirSi Zveli profesura did opozicias warmoadgenda. moskovis, len-ingradis (peterburgis), kievis, odesisa da sxva univer-sitetebi opoziciis keras warmoadgenda da, amitom, isini institutebad daSales.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti daiyo 4 institu-tad. is diskusia, romelzec Cven gvaqvs saubari, 1930 wlis dekemberSi, praqtikulad, universitetSi ki ar Catarda, aramed pedagogiur institutSi. Semoiyvanes leqtorebis sruliad axali Semadgenloba da CaTvales, rom amiT umaR-les saswavlebelSi ivane javaxiSvili da misi Tanamoaz-reebi saerTod amoZirkves. maSin erT-erTi mniSvnelovani instituti pedagogiuri instituti iyo, romelic maswav-leblebs amzadebda. am `Sturmis~ miuxedavad unda iTqvas, rom 1930 wlis dekembris diskusia xelisuflebam mainc waago. am daskvnis gakeTebis saSualebas maZlevs sxdomaze akaki SaniZisa da simon yauxCiSvilis gamosvla, romelTac daicves ivane javaxiSvili.

_ rogorc Tqven brZaneT, diskusiisas akaki Sani-Zem, sxdomaTa darbazSi damswreTa uxeSi SeZaxilebis fonze, ivane javaxiSvili daicva, Tumca mas Tavis mar-Tleba mainc mouxda. `me ar vekuTvni im pirebs, romleb-sac surT javaxiSvilis CawixvliT gaikeTon TavianTi kariera. me gulwrfelad vaRiareb, rom mondomebuli var xuTwliani gegmis ganxorcielebaSi~, _ ganacxada man. iyo Tu ara es TviTgadarCenis erTgvari taqtika? Tu es tiraniis winaSe pirovnuli sisustis gamovlenas niS-navda?

_ amas sisustes ver davarqmevT. akaki baqraZes uyvar-da aseTi magaliTis moyvana: kacs saxlSi col-Svilis ga-mosakvebad puri miaqvs da misdevs ZaRlebis xrova. am kacs SeuZlia, ZaRlebis mosaSoreblad maT puri gadaugdos, magram amiT col-Svili SimSiliT moukvdeba. Wkviani kaci ZaRlebs patar-patara natexebs uyris, raTa saxlamde miaRwios da puris didi nawili SeinarCunos. ai, es prin-


cipi moqmedebda maSin. Tavi unda gadairCino, radgan Tu ivane javaxiSvils universitetidan gaaZeveben, misi saqme gaagrZelo. akaki SaniZis gamosvlaSi is ki ar iyo mTavari, 5 wlian gegmas Sevasrulebo, aramed is, rom man gabeda da Tqva: me ivane javaxiSvils ar davwixlav da amiT karieras ar gavikeTebo. 10 garewaris mier universitetis damaarse-blis dawixvlas imxela mniSvneloba ar hqonda, ramdena-dac erTi didi mecnieris sityvas javaxiSvilis dasaca-vad. xelisuflebam waago pirveli diskusia im gagebiT, rom im wlebSi universitetSi jer kidev Zlieri iyo Zveli profesura. rac Seexeba 1936 wlis mart-aprilis disku-sias, maSin es politikuri kampania xelisuflebam moigo, radgan universiteti, praqtikulad, ganadgurebuli iyo. vinc darCa Zveli profesuridan, Zala aRar hqonda. Cakvda is ideac, rac ivane javaxiSvilma da misma Tanamoazreebma moitanes, miuxedavad imisa, rom 1934 wels universiteti ukve aRdgenili iyo.

_ mainc, vin iyo ivane javaxiSvilis uRalato Tana-moazre?

_ Zneli saTqmelia. yvela gmiri ver ibadeba. jordano brunos adgilze 100-dan 99 gatydeboda. 1930 wlis dis-kusiidan, vTvli, rom akaki SaniZis da simon yauxCiSvilis gamosvlebi gmirobis tolfasia. wyobilebisaTvis raRac rom ar daeTmoT, ar SeiZleboda. maT ivane javaxiSvilis Sefasebisas ar daTmes. simon yauxCiSvili sxdomaze Zalian mokled gamovida, magram Tqva, rom ivane javaxiSvili aris Zalian didi... warmoudgeneli iyo, vinmes eTqva: javaxiSvi-li yvelaferSi marTalia, sabWoTa wyobileba ki yvelafer-Si mtyuanio. mas xom maSinve daiWerdnen da veRarc da-icavda javaxiSvils da mis ideas. 1936 wels akaki SaniZisa da simon yauxCiSvilis mier dawyebuli saqme simon janaSiam da niko berZeniSvilma gaagrZeles. maTac maswavlebeli da kolega nawilobriv daicves, nawilobriv ki xelisuflebas mouxades xarki, magram dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, swored simon janaSiam da niko berZeniSvilma gadaarCines ivane ja-vaxiSvilis skola. isini rom wyobilebas dapirispirebod-nen, daiWerdnen, gadaasaxlebdnen an daxvretdnen. maSin vinRa gaagrZelebda ivane javaxiSvilis saqmes? vin gazrdi-


da amden mowafes? ivane javaxiSvilis gardacvalebis Sem-deg qarTuli istoriografiis aRmavloba rom gagrZelda, es simon janaSias, niko berZeniSvilis da maTi mowafeebis damsaxurebaa, anu, ivane javaxiSvilis skolis damsaxure-baa.

_ am diskusiebis fonze ivane javaxiSvili, realu-rad, kidev ufro did gmirad aqcies... es ramdenad Sedio-da komunisturi xelisuflebis interesSi?

_ ioseb stalinis niWi imaSi iyo, rom Tavis mowinaaR-mdeges gmirad ar aqcevda. rogorc Cans, stalinTan yvela moqmedeba da taqtika SeTanxmebuli ar iyo. mxolod uniWo politikur moRvaweebs ar SeeZloT imis gaTvla, rogor aqcevdnen mowinaaRmdegeebs gmirebad da rogor iqceodnen Tavad antigmirebad. Tumca unda iTqvas isic, rom stali-ni ivane javaxiSvilis fizikur ganadgurebas ar apirebda. swored aman ixsna ivane javaxiSvili. qarTuli istorio-grafiis patriarqis ganmaqiqeblebma stalinis azri, cxa-dia, ar icodnen, ar icodnen isic, rom saqarTvelos isto-riaSi antigmirebad darCebodnen.

_ Tu aris cnobili, sxdomebis msvlelobis period-Si ras akeTebda ivane javaxiSvili da rogori iyo misi reaqcia?

_ ivane javaxiSvilis reaqcia is iyo, rom univer-sitetSi gamarTul diskusiaze ar movida. ivane javax-iSvili marto didi mecnieri ki ara, didi adamiani, didi moqalaqe iyo. is mTel am procesebs, adamianur mankiere-bebs, moRalateobriv pozicias da patara kacobas zemo-dan dahyurebda. mas aseT mdgomareobamde misuli uni-versiteti ecodeboda, Torem, is imdenad didi adamiani iyo, rom misi mowinaaRmdegeebis mimarT boRma da zizRi ar SeiZleba, hqonoda. ivane javaxiSvils esmoda, rom es adamianebi wyobilebam daamaxinja. yvela gmiri ar aris, ver uZlebs aseT zemoqmedebas. ivane javaxiSvils, ra Tqma unda, ar siamovnebda, ganicdida misi `kolegebis~ bolSe-vikur gavlenas, magram mas protesti ar gamouxatavs da amis gamo maT winaaRmdeg aravin daurazmavs. man icoda, rom imdroindel xelisuflebasTan brZolas aranairi azri ar hqonda.


_ ivane javaxiSvilma 1936 wlis 10 aprils mis winaaR-mdeg mimarTul kampanias saqarTvelos ssr ganaTlebis saxalxo komisarisadmi gagzavnili gancxadebiT upa-suxa, romelSic igi gauTavebeli davis fonze univer-sitetidan sakuTari nebiT wasvlaze miuTiTebs. Tavisi gadawyvetilebiT didma mecnierma mtris mizani aRasru-la. amdenad, Tqveni azriT, ramdenad gamarTlebuli iyo misi nabiji?

_ gamocdebs Cavibareb da mere, vinc gindaT, is moi-yvaneTo. me ki ama da am wlidan sanktpeterburgis saimper-atoro universitetSi vmuSaobdi da pensia daminiSneTo _ es, ra Tqma unda, garkveuli protesti iyo. igi daemorCila uxeS Zalas. ufro did protestad SeiZleba CavTvaloT misi reaqcia maSindeli reqtoris karlo oragveliZis satelefono zarze, rodesac mas oragveliZem saxlSi dau-reka. ivane javaxiSvili telefonTan ar mivida: _ ratom mirekavs, me xom aRara var universitetis TanamSromelio, uTqvams mas. reqtoris zarebs igi saerTod aRar pasuxob-da.

misi universitetSi misvla maSin arc SeiZleboda. bo-los ratom wavida, iciT? mTvrali studentebi Seuyares leqciaze da stvena dauwyes. javaxiSvilma miatova leqcia da wavida. kvlav rom gaegrZelebina moRvaweoba, uaress gaukeTebdnen, deboSsa da provokacias mouwyobdnen. am-denad, universitetSi mis moRvaweobas azri aRar hqonda. Tanac, Tbilisis universiteti iseTi kontingentiT Seiv-so, rom im xalxTan TanamSromloba ar undoda. es iyo is komkavSiruli Taoba, romelic universitetSi, ase vTqvaT, diplomis misaRebad movida. TandaTan amcirebdnen Ta-vadaznaurTa, samRvdeloebis, vaWrebis wridan abituri-entTa miRebas, romlebic universitetSi marTlac saswav-leblad da ara diplomisTvis modiodnen.

_ 1937 wels Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis yvela wiTeli reqtori daxvrites, vinc komunistebs em-saxureboda, vinc ivane javaxiSvilisa da misi skolis wi-naaRmdeg partiuli davaleba warbSeuxrelad Seasrula. ram ixsna didi istorikosi, romelic antimarqsistad, universitetis burJuaziul kadrad ganixileboda?


_ ivane javaxiSvils aTgzis daxvretdnen, es rom adgi-lobrivi xelisuflebis neba yofiliyo. magaliTad, fili-pe maxaraZem, jer kidev me-20 saukunis damdegs, ivane javax-iSvilis winaaRmdeg, roca misi `saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoria~ gamovida, pirveli werili gamoaqveyna. magram, sabednierod, filipe maxaraZes da sxvebs ivane javaxiSvi-lis bedis gadawyvetas ar ekiTxebodnen. aseTi adamianebis beds ioseb stalini wyvetda. javaxiSvilis Tanamoazres, korneli kekeliZes iseTi biografia hqonda (iciT, rom igi mRvdeli iyo da sasuliero seminariaSi moRvaweobda), stalinis mfarvelobis gareSe daxvretas verc gadaurCe-boda... didi qarTveli mecnierebi _ Salva nucubiZe, kor-neli kekeliZe, simon yauxCiSvili da sxvebi stalinma daic-

ivane javaxiSvili sazeimo RonisZiebis prezidiumSi


va. Torem, filipe maxaraZisTvis maTi sakiTxis gadawyveta rom miendoT, cxadia, ver gadarCebodnen. mokled rom vTq-vaT, ivane javaxiSvili gadarCa imitom, rom moskovSi misi fizikuri ganadgurebis gadawyvetileba ar miuRiaT. TbilisSi ki aseT gadawyvetilebas ver miiRebdnen.

istoriaSi, zogjer, araprofesiuli axsna eZleva Tsu-is e.w. wiTeli reqtorebis daxvretas. erTi wuTiT ar dai-jeroT, rom isini vinmem universitetSi gafuWebuli saqmis gamo moiSora Tavidan. universitets ulmoblad arbevdnen da es reqtorebi rac ufro mets gaafuWebdnen, swavlebis processa da samecniero muSaobas rac metad CaSlidnen, sabWoTa xelisufleba miT ufro kmayofili iqneboda. ase rom, e.w. komunisti reqtorebi, dawyebuli Tedo Rlonti-dan, daxvrites ara imitom, rom maT universitetSi raRac daaSaves. isini cnobili partiuli muSakebi iyvnen. ivane vaSaymaZe, karlo oragveliZe, Tedo Rlonti da sxvebi Seewirnen im brZolas, romelic saqarTvelos politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi mimdinareobda. isini, ratomRac, xels uSlidnen berias, ara rogorc reqtorebi, aramed rogorc politikuri moRvaweebi. zogierTi maTgani universiteti-dan wasulic ki iyo da Semdeg daxvrites. xazgasmiT unda iTqvas, rom yvela wiTeli reqtori, ZiriTadad, saqarT-velos politikur xelmZRvanelobaSi brZolas Seewira.

ivane javaxiSvili ki, rogorc giTxariT, imitom ver daxvrites, rom am sakiTxs stalini wyvetda.

_ stalins ivane javaxiSvili problemebs ar uqm-nida? xom SeiZleboda, im periodSi, ivane javaxiSvili eris winamZRoli gamxdariyo?

_ saerTod, ra Tqma unda, ivane javaxiSvili stalins problemas uqmnida, iseve rogorc uqmnidnen problemas Salva nucubiZe, akaki SaniZe, korneli kekeliZe da sxva didi mecnierebi, magram yvela maTganis daxvreta ar Sei-Zleboda. universitetebs sWirdeboda leqtorebi da mkv-levrebi. yovelive amas sabWoTa xelisufleba angariSs uwevda. rac Seexeba imis SiSs, rom ivane javaxiSvili poli-tikaSi gaereoda da eris winamZRoli gaxdeboda, stalins namdvilad ar eqneboda. ivane javaxiSvili politikaSi ar ereoda. stalins ivane javaxiSvilisTana mecnierebi sWird-


eboda. swored ivane javaxiSvilma, niko berZeniSvilma da simon janaSiam daweres stalinis SekveTiT `saqarTvelos istoria~. es wigni stalins imisTvis sWirdeboda, rom Ta-visi oponentebisaTvis daemtkicebina, rom igi ar iyo ve-luri da ukulturo xalxis Svili. ivane javaxiSvilisa da misi rangis mecnierebis likvidacia rom moexdina, stalini aseT wigns ver miiRebda.

_ ivane javaxiSvilisnairi pirovneba realurad daSorda Tu ara im periodis sazogadoebas? sxdomebze miniSnebac gakeTda, rom warmoSobiT TavadisaTvis mu-SaTa klasi gaxda miuRebelio. axerxebda Tu ara ivane javaxiSvili urTierTobas postrevoluciur sazoga-doebasTan?

_ ivane javaxiSvilisaTvis miuRebeli iyo is poli-tikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri sistema da ideologia, romelic sabWoTa wyobilebam moitana. man ar icoda, ra iyo proletariati. aseTi cnebebi misTvis miuRebeli iyo. ivane javaxiSvilisaTvis ar arsebobda Tavadi, aznauri, mRvdeli, glexi da muSa. javaxiSvilisTvis arsebobda niWi-eri da uniWo studenti, arsebobda kargi da cudi leqto-ri... javaxiSvils ra kavSiri unda hqonoda muSaTa klasTan an glexebTan? rodesac umaRles saswavlebelSi komkav-

ivane javaxiSvili kolegebTan da moswavleebTan erTad


Sirlebi Semorekes, didi mecnieri maTi moyvanis winaaR-mdegi ki ar iyo, aramed ambobda: _ es xalxi ver SeZlebs im programis daZlevas, rac universitetSia damtkice-bulio. zogs saSualo skolac ar hqonda damTavrebuli. igi icavda ruseTis imperiis dros arsebuli ganaTlebis sistemas, roca peterburgis universitetSi abiturien-tebs mxolod gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg iRebdnen. es iyo imis winapiroba, rom sauniversiteto programa dae-ZliaT. ivane javaxiSvili am princips icavda. misi moTxovna iyo, rom umaRlesi saswavleblis kari saSualo ganaTlebis mqoneT SeeRoT. am SemTxvevaSi ki gamodioda, rom univer-sitetSi mxolod SeZlebuli fenis Svilebi movidodnen, anu, Tavadebis, aznaurebis, mRvdlebis, vaWrebis Svilebi... es xelisuflebas ar undoda. xelisuflebis interesebSi muSebisa da glexebis universitetSi moyvana Sedioda.

_ rogorc istorikosi, ivane javaxiSvilis meTodo-logias rogor SeafasebdiT? misi meTodologia mar-qsizm-leninizmis mimdevarma qarTvelma mecnierebma araerTgzis dagmes imis gamo, rom igi mxolod faqtebze dayrdnobiT muSaobda da iyo faqtologi, TiTqos ganzo-gadeba ar SeeZlo... ratom ebrZodnen mis meTodologias?

_ ivane javaxiSvilma ganaTleba ruseTSi miiRo da, praqtikulad, igi icnobda yvela im meTodologias, ro-melic maSin rusul saistorio skolaSi arsebobda. ivane javaxiSvili sazRvargareT germaniaSi gaemgzavra, raTa iq Seeswavla sxvadasxva sakiTxi da, maT Soris, evropuli is-toriografiis done. ase rom, ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc istorikosi, ori didi istoriografiuli skolis _ rusu-lisa da germanulis gavleniT Camoyalibda. mas uyenebdnen braldebas, rom igi aris faqtologi da ver ganazogadebs. bolSevikebi imave braldebebs yvela did rus istorikoss uyenebdnen.

ratom ar undodaT faqtologia? javaxiSvili brwy-invaled anzogadebda mxolod imas, razec faqtebi me-tyvelebda. mas saerTod ar ainteresebda, am sakiTxs ro-gor uyurebda marqsi, engelsi, lenini, stalini. sabWoTa xelisuflebisaTvis imitom iyo javaxiSvili saSiSi, rom igi araviTar SemTxvevaSi angariSs ar gauwevda imas, rac is-


toriuli faqtebidan, aTasgzis Semowmebuli wyaroebidan ar gamomdinareobda.

komunisturi istoriografiis principi ki ra iyo? _ rac faqtebidan gamomdinareobs, iqidan unda aiRo is, rac eTanxmeba marqss, engelss, stalins, rac ara _ unda damalo. ivane javaxiSvili ki ar malavda sabWoTa xelisu-flebisaTvis arasasurvvel faqtebs. amitom komunistebs faqtologebi ar uyvardaT. faqtologia aris sawyisi is-toriuli mecnierebisa. sabWoTa istoriografiis nakli swored is iyo, rom istorikosebi arqivSi moZiebuli 10 dokumentidan 7-s ver aqveynebdnen, radgan politikur xe-lisuflebas uwevdnen angariSs. ase damaxinjda sabWoTa is-toriografia.

rac Seexeba ivane javaxiSvils, universitetidan gaZevebis Semdeg misi saxelis xseneba aRar SeiZleboda. vin gabedavda masze raimes daweras an mis popularizacias? 1948 wels ekonomistma giorgi gamyreliZem gamoaqveyna `Tbilisis universitetis istoria (1918-1948 ww.).~ wigni maSinve specfondSi Caketes.

javaxiSvili RmerTkaci iyo misi mowafeebisaTvis, magram mis Sesaxeb Tavisuflad wera da saubari meore msoflio omis Semdegac didxans ar SeiZleboda. meore msoflio omis Semdeg, rodesac simon yauxCiSvilma gamosca ivane javaxiSvilis `qarTveli eris istoria~, me-5 tomi, sa-dac ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobaze iyo saubari, sas-wrafod akrZales. mxolod pirveli 4 tomis wakiTxva iyo nebadarTuli. javaxiSvili XX saukunis 50-60-ian wlebSi jer kidev ar iyo tabuaxsnili. 1968 wels, rodesac Tbili-sis universitetis iubile aRiniSna, maSin daiwyes masze saubari. imdroindelma skolis moswavleebma da studen-tebma maSin gavigeT pirveli detalebi Tbilisis univer-sitetis daarsebis istoriidan.

_ ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc istorikosi, iyo Tu ara ukompromiso sabWoTa wyobilebis Sefasebisas?

_ sabWoTa wyobileba yvela did mecniers _ ivane ja-vaxiSvils, Salva nucubiZes, akaki SaniZes, korneli kekel-iZes tiraniad miaCndaT. amaze ori azri ar arsebobs, magram xmamaRla Sefasebas veravin gabedavda. Tumca, Sens Sinagan


rwmenas ver damalav, sadRac mainc wamogcdeba... leqciaze studentebTan SeiZleba Tavi Seikavo da araferi Tqva, ma-gram pozicia sadRac `gamogaaSkaravebs~. universitetSi erT-erTi sxdomis dros studentma ivane javaxiSvili imis gamo daabezRa, rom ivanes leninis gardacvalebis gamo sixaruli Seatyo. aspiranti yaliCava sityviT gamovida sxdomaze: `ras warmoadgens wereTeli da javaxiSvili. me vici erT erTi faqti, rodesac ruseTma, sabWoTa xelisu-flebam dakarga lenini, maSvin Cveni grigol wereTeli da javaxiSvili mogrovdnen da laparakobdnen, rom gavkeT-diT xalxi, lenini mokvtao. es aris kontrrevolucioneri, is meTaurobs imas, vinc Cvens winaaRmdeg modis. daskvna Cemi aseTi aris, rom javaxiSvili da wereTeli aris aSkara mavneblebi~ (stili daculia).

yvela Wkvian kacs unda gaxareboda leninis, ara ro-gorc adamianis, aramed rogorc tiranisa da am qveynis damqcevis sikvdili. rodesac lenini gardaicvala, peter-burgs uwodes leningradi. maSin mixeil polievqtovs sa-dRac, SeiZleba sruliad SemTxveviT, wamoscda: es qalaqi petre pirvelis daarsebulia da lenini ra SuaSiao. ase rom, Cveni profesura leqciebze sabWoTa wyobilebas ver SeebrZoleboda, magram megobarTa wreSi, cxadia, isini ar malavdnen TavianT ganwyobasa da sabrZolo suliskveTe-bas. aris faseulobebi, romelic arc erT diqtatorul re-Jims ar moswons da arian adamianebi, romlebic ver cxov-roben am faseulobebis gareSe. swored aseT adamianTa ricxvs miekuTvneba ivane javaxiSvilic.




g 6 h

universitetis wiTeli profesuris fizionomia

dro, movlena, adamianebi

ivane javaxiSvils sami politikuri reJimis dros mouxda moRvaweoba. qarTuli istoriografiis patriarqma samecniero da pedagogiuri moRvaweoba daiwyo ruseTis imperiaSi (1898-1917 ww.), gaagrZela saqarTvelos demokra-tiul respublikaSi (1918-1921 ww.) da daasrula sabWoTa saqarTveloSi (1921-1940 ww.).

ruseTis imperiis xelisuflebam ivane javaxiSvili lamis satusaRoSi gamoketa misi cnobili naSromisaT-vis `erovnuli da socialuri moZraoba saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi~ (1906 w.). naSromi rusul enaze daibeWda peter-burgSi. es iyo pirveli SemTxveva, rodesac legalurad gamocemul naSromSi qarTvelma mecnierma amxila ruse-Tis koloniuri politika saqarTveloSi da aCvena Tavisi xasiaTiT antirusuli erovnuli moZraobis ganviTarebis etapebi. am naSromisTvis xelisufleba ivane javaxiSvils dapatimrebas upirebda, magram igi gadaarCina wignis ydaze miTiTebulma socialurma statusma, rom wignis avtori Ta-vadi iyo. es naSromi, ivane javaxiSvilis sxva naSromebTan erTad (`urTierToba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVII saukuneSi~ da `damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVIII saukuneSi~) aikrZala da isini spec-fondSi iyo Caketili. saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arse-bobis periodSi, 1919 wels, rodesac umaRles sakanonmde-blo organoSi moRvaweobdnen iseTi adamianebic, romelT-ac mxolod dawyebiTi ganaTleba hqondaT miRebuli, ivane javaxiSvili saqarTvelos damfuZnebeli krebis (parla-mentis) wevrad ar airCies. sabWoTa saqarTvelos xelisu-flebam ki ivane javaxiSvili aiZula misive TaosnobiT daarsebuli Tbilisis universitetis reqtorobidan gad-amdgariyo, xolo Semdeg mas saprofesoro moRvaweobac


aukrZala. ivane javaxiSvilis dakrZalvis dRes univer-sitetis baRis siaxloves cxenosani policia iyo mobili-zebuli _ aseTi iyo is garemo, romelSic cxovreba da moR-vaweoba uxdeboda did mecniers.

ruseTis imperiis xelisufleba ivane javaxiSvils mtrad ar miiCnevda, miT umetes, saqarTvelos demokra-tiuli respublikis xelisufleba, sabWoTa xelisuflebi-saTvis ki ivane javaxiSvili mteri iyo. sabWoTa liderebi-saTvis mniSvneloba ar hqonda imas, rom ivane javaxiSvili politikaSi ar gareula. am SemTxvevaSi moqmedebda princi-pi: `vinc CvenTan ar aris, is Cvens winaaRmdegaa~. Zveli pro-fesuris, e.w. `burJuaziuli kadrebis~ ideuri da fizikuri ganadgureba saxelmwifo politikis rangSi iyo ayvanili. Ees procesi igegmeboda iseve, rogorc ekonomikis ganviTa-rebis xuTwliani gegmebi. da ai, ivane javaxiSvils univer-sitetis kedlebSi orjer mouwyves `gasamarTleba~ _ 1930 wels da Semdeg 1936 wels. mkiTxvels vTavazobT zogierT masalas ivane javaxiSvilis winaaRmdeg mowyobili Tavyri-lobis stenografiuli Canawerebidan.

dro: 1930 wlis dekemberi.movlena: _ sabWoTa xelisuflebis brZola kondra-

tievSCinis anu e.w. `burJuaziuli kadrebis~ (Zveli pro-fesurisa da sxvadasxva dargis specialistebis) winaaRm-deg.

adamianebi: _ ivane vaSaymaZe (saqarTvelos saxelm-wifo pedagogiuri institutis reqtori, wiTeli profe-sori): `qarTuli istoriografiis mTavari warmomadgene-li aris profesori ivane javaxiSvili. ideologiurad is Zveli feodalur-nacionalisturi qveynis warmomadgene-lia. meTodologiurad mxoxavi empiristia da antimarq-sisti. ganzogadebas da sinTeTiur azrovnebas is gaurbis, xolo Tu mis naSromebSi SexvdebiT sinTeTiur azrovne-bas, is aucileblad nacionalisturi bunebis iqneba. amis gamo istoriuli azrovneba saqarTveloSi 1921 wlamde


Zalze CamorCenili iyo da nawilobriv ivane javaxiSvilis meoxebiT axlac CamorCenilia. mravali wignebi iwereboda, magram maT hqondaT umTavresad xasiaTi faqtebis Semow-mebis _ genealogiis aRdgenisa, TariRebis gamokvlevis da mefeebis piradi cxovrebis aRweris.

umTavresad aseT CamorCenilobaSi brali miuZRvis profesor ivane javaxiSvils, Tumca Cven ar uarvyofT, rom faqtebis Segrovebis mxriv ivane javaxiSvils aqvs didi Rvawli _ magram mxolod faqtebis Segrovebis mxriv. amitom ivane javaxiSvilis istoria ar aris istoria, ro-gorc mecniereba. saqarTvelos mecnieruli istoriis damwers jer kidev ucdis saqarTvelos istoria. javaxiS-vili da misi mimdevrebi ar icnoben sazogadoebriv for-macias, klasTa brZolis problemebs. isini istoriis peri-odizacias qronologiis mixedviT axdenen. istoriis aseTi meTodologia me-18 saukunis istoriografiis meTodo-logias ar scildeba da, ra Tqma unda, warmoadgens reaq-cionur mimarTulebas. saqarTvelos gasabWoebis Semdeg javaxiSvilma mravali naSromi gamouSva. magram winmsvl-eloba meTodologiis mxriv sruliad ar emCneva. misi saqa-rTvelos ekonomiuri istoria sruliad uvargisia. es ar aris ekonomiuri istoria, radganac masSi ekonomika sru-liad ara gagebuli sworad da meTodologiurad, javaxiS-vilis SemoqmedebaSi winsvla ki ara, ukan daxevaa~.

petre Saria (profesori, saqarTvelos komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis meore mdivani, lavrenti berias uaxloesi TanamebrZoli): `ar SemeZlo im mokle drois ganmavlobaSi da sxva da sxva pirobebis mixedviT, ar mqonda SesaZlebloba, gavcnobode yvela profesoris nawarmoebs, romlebzedac aq iyo laparaki, magram zogi-erTi profesoris gamosvla me maZlevs saSualebas, Sevexo maT ideologiur fronts. isini ewevian politikur sabo-taJs. krebaze ar moisurves daswreba. eseni gaxlavT ivane javaxiSvili da grigol wereTeli. es xalxi, marTalia, Cven unda gamoviyenoT umaRles saswavleblebSi imisaTvis, raTa TavianT politikuri bagaJi damalon, ar gamoaSkara-von, magram sad arian, rodesac aq maTzea laparaki. maT ar ikadres mosvla. es aris politikuri sabotaJi. akademiuri


sabotaJi maSin iqneboda, Tu isini Tavs daanebebdnen akade-miur formebSi muSaobas da ar movidodnen leqciebze. ai, TavianTi reaqcionuri ideologia aq gamoaaSkaraves maT. ai, es aqti aris politikuri aqti da mas Cven aucileblaT saTanado Sesabamisi unda mivsceT~.

cxakaia (studenti): `me minda javaxiSvilze da mis skolaze vilaparako. da is Semcdari azri, romelsac at-arebs dRes profesori javaxiSvili Tavisi mimdevrebiT. aq laparakobden, rom javaxiSvili didi mecnieria, es sTqva simon xundaZem da aseve ganimeora megreliZemac, magram me vlaparakob, rom es mxolod Sirmaa, Torem es kaci ar war-moadgens iseT did pirovnebas, rogorc zogierTebs goni-aT da arc aseTi didi mecnieria. misi mTeli wignebi aris em-piriuli faqtebi, empiriuli faqtebis damgrovebeli. mas ar gaaCnia meTodi swori gagebiT. da Cven ki viciT marqsis-tuli Teoria, sadac laparaki aris, rom faqtebi aucile-blad erTi meoresTan unda iyos mWidrod dakavSirebuli da erTi meorisadmi daukavSirebloba Cven arafers ar mogvcems. javaxiSvils ki aq araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs. istoriuli materializmi es iseTi mecniereba ar aris, romelic dialeqtiur materializms ver SeiTvisebs. Cven gvinda garkveviT iqnes es winaaRmdegoba, klasTa brZola garkveviT iyos naCvenebi~.

simon janaSia (profesori): `amxanagma momxsenebelma ganixila erTi jgufi, romelsac ewodeba javaxiSvilis jgufi da me sworeT am jgufs mimakuTvna. me unda ganvacxa-do, rom ivane javaxiSvilis udidesi pativiscema maqvs, man didi STabeWdileba dastova qarTul istoriul materi-alizmSi. me pativs vcem mas, rogorc karg, niWier mecniers, magram me araviTari saerTo ara maqvs am jgufTan da maTi interesebi Cven ar gvaqvs. Cveni sazogadoebrivi urTier-Toba gansazRvruli aris im faqtiT, rom Cven gvixdeba muS-aoba erT da imave institutSi saqarTvelos kaTedris... (adgilidan ismis SeZaxili: ar aris sakmarisi! taSi...).

demetraSvili (studenti): `rac Seexeba janaSias ga-mosvlas, Tavisi gancxadeba daiwyo dalagebiT, fiqrSi ar gadavcdeo. es sakmaod darCenili intelegentia. Tqven darCenili xarT isev intelegenciis wreSi. Cven Tqven gic-


nobT. Tqven xarT burJuaziis Semecnebis. Tqven javaxiSvil-zed araferi sTqviT, Tqven sTqviT, rom ar vcem pativs mis Semecnebas. es yvelam gaigo. Cven es ar gvinda, Cven gvinda gavigoT, xarT Tu ara mimdevari materialuri dialeqti-kis, scnobT Tu ara, rom es aris namdvili proletariatis klasis dialeqtika, Tqven es ar sTqviT. xarT Tu ara momxre javaxiSvilis. agreTve Cven vicnobT Tqven nawarmoebs, ro-goric aris `Saduri~, `dampatiJe~, Cven kargad vicnobT javaxiSvilis Semoqmedebas (darbazSi xangrZlivi taSi). me unda mogaxsenoT proletariatis nebisyofa. proletari-ati Sors mWvreteli aris... saWiro aris gons moxvideT mec-nierebaSi. ar SeiZleba gatareba nacionalur ideologiis~.

gabunia (studenti): `aq gamovidnen sxvadasxva profe-sorebi, rogoric aris janaSia da sxvebi. janaSiam waikiTxa leqcia mSvenierad. janaSias akademiur codnas Cven aq ar vexebiT, mxolod Cven gvinda, rogori Tvalsazrisis aris. pativcemuli janaSia aris axalgazrda kaci da man unda SeiTvisos dialeqtiuri materializmi da ara marto faqtebis aRnusxviT, rogorc es aqvs Tavis wignebSi pro-fesor javaxiSvils. Semdeg profesor yauxCiSvilis gamos-vla. is srulebiT ar Sexebia im sakiTxebs, romelic dRes studentebs ainteresebs, e.i. rogori kavSiri aqvs javaxiS-vilis skolasTan~.

niko berZeniSvili (profesori): `me TviTon kargad ar vici, Tu romel dajgufebaSi var, magram marTali unda mogaxsenoT, rom ar vici, romel dajgufebaSi momaTavsa pativcemulma momxsenebelma profesorma ivane vaSaymaZem (vaSaymaZe adgilidan pasuxobs: javaxiSvilis jgufSi!). Tu javaxiSvilis jgufSi var, unda ganvacxado, rom Cemi azri aris samwuxaro. me ar unda mogeTavsebineT javaxiSvilis jgufSi. me viyavi revolucioneri da vapireb yofnas revo-luciasTan rogorc politikurad, ise ideologiurad. me samsaxurad vfiqrob, amisaTvis mzad var. amaSi SegiZliaT Tqven darwmunebuli iyoT. Uukanaskneli, rac Seexeba Cems damokidebulebas profesor ivane javaxiSvilTan, aseTi aris. me mas uRrmes pativs vcem, rogorc Cvens xelmZR-vanels, gansakuTrebiT istoriis dargSi, magram yvela es me sruliad ar miSlis xels ar gaviziaro misi ideologiuri


koncepcia (adgilidan SeZaxilebi: Zirs, Zirs, Zirs, Zirs!).melaZe (studenti): `rodesac socialistur fron-

tze Cven vawarmoebT klasobriv Setevas, maSvin TviTeuli CvenTagani garkveul gzas unda adges da TviTeulma unda icodes, Tu vin rogoria da ras warmoadgens, vin visTvis ibrZvis. saWiroa misi politikuri fizionomiis gamoaS-karaveba. saWiroa imaTi fizionomiis gamoaSkaraveba, rom-lebic fiqrobden jojoxeTis manqanebis dadgmas da roml-iTac fiqrobden, aefeTqebinaT Cveni mSenebloba. ase mesmis sakiTxi. exla me reglamenti miTavdeba, magram me minda vilaparako zogierT leqtorebze. maT undaT, daicvan Ta-vianTi distradicia. me aq gamosul ukanasknel docents unda velaparako, es aris gageba javaxiSvilis agentobis. aq gamosuli mTeli rigi mecnierebisa iyo jgufi javaxiS-vilis Teoriis damcvelebis. isini arian formalistebi, arian Zveli reaqcionerebi, antisabWoTa azrs icaven, asab-uTeben javaxiSvils...~

yaliCava (aspiranti): `Semdeg ras warmoadgens wereTe-li da javaxiSvili. me vici erT erTi faqti. rodesac ru-seTma, sabWoTa xelisuflebam dakarga lenini, maSvin Cveni grigol wereTeli da javaxiSvili mogrovdnen da lapara-kobdnen, rom gavkeTdiT xalxi, lenini mokvtao. es aris kontrevoliucioneri, is meTaurobs imas, vinc Cvens wi-naaRmdeg modis. daskvna Cemi aseTi aris, rom javaxiSvili da wereTeli aris aSkara mavneblebi. Cven ki ver dagvamar-cxebs veraviTari dabrkoleba, gadavlaxavT yvelafers da wavalT win socializmisaken~.

xaratiSvili (aspiranti): `proletariati mudam yo-fila da iqneba gulaxdili da ar SeuSindeba araviTari dabrkolebas, rogorc amas fiqroben Cveni mtrebi javaxiS-vili da wereTelic (darbazSi taSi)~.

kontradievSCinasTan brZolis Sedegi: 1931 wlis 28 maiss saqarTvelos saxelmwifo pedagogiuri in-stitutidan daiTxoves `Zveli profesuris~ warmomadgen-lebi: ivane javaxiSvili, andria benaSvili, filipe gogiC-aiSvili, grigol wereTeli, mixeil polievqtovi, giorgi gextmani.


dro: 1936 wlis marti-aprilimovlena: sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier organizebuli

diskusia saistorio frontze mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, anu Zveli profesuris winaaRmdeg brZolis gagrZeleba.

adamianebi: _ karlo oragveliZe (Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetis reqtori, wiTeli profesori): `movi-yvanoT kidev erTi magaliTi javaxiSvilis mier istoriu-li movlenebis `mecnieruli~ gagebisa. faqizma zneobrivma moZRvrebam, qarTvelma mowinave sazogadoebam daarwmuna, rom mxolod sakuTari muSaobiT SeZenili qoneba akeTil-Sobilebda adamians. TavisTavad cxadia, rom sazogadoebis es Sexeduleba didad amaRlebda glexkacobisa da ymebis cxovrebis mZime tvirTvis da piradi SromiT mopoebuli lukma-pursa da qonebas zneobrivi sifaqizis Saravandedsa da keTilSobilebas aniWebda.

jer erTi, sakiTxavia, ratom am zneobrivma moZRvre-bam ar daarwmuna muqTaxora feodalebi imaSi, rom saku-Tari muSaobiT SeZenili qoneba gaakeTilSobilebda maT? meore mxriT, bunebrivi iqneba, profesor javaxiSvils aseTi sakiTxi davusvaT: rom zneobriv moZRvrebas, misive sityve-biT rom vTqvaT, ar `gaekeTilSobilebia~ glexkacoba da ymebi, vin miscemda maT nebas, rom ar emuSavaT feodalebi-saTvis?

gana naTeli ar aris, rom aq faqizi zneobrivi moZ-Rvrebis gavrcelebiTa da gavleniT iCqmaleba glexebis saSineli eqsploatacia memamuleebis mier? gana naTeli ar aris, rom zneobrivi moZRvrebiT cvlis profesori javax-iSvili feodalebis mxriv iZulebas glexebze da maTze eko-nomiursa da politikur batonobas?

aq TvalsaCinod mJRavndeba is garemoeba, rom javaxiS-vilis mier istoriis idealisturi gageba samsaxurs uwevs da amarTlebs feodalur eqsploatacias... javaxiSvili TiTqmis mudmivad laparakobs qarTvelebze da ar cdilobs gamoarkvios klasobrivi brZola maT Soris. amas moiTxovs viTom mecnieruli miudgomloba. sinamdvileSi, ra Tqma


unda, aseTi miudgomloba ar arsebobs. sinamdvileSi, Tavisi istoriuli kvlevis dros javaxiSvili atarebs burJuazi-ul-memamulur nacionalistur Tvalsazriss. misi miudgom-loba mxolod garegnulia da obieqtivizmi ki _ fiqtiuri.

rom es asea, amas mowmobs is garemoeba, rom javaxiSvilis TanagrZnoba aSkarad mCagvreli klasebisa da maTi warmo-madgenlebis mxarezea. javaxiSvili ar zogavs Zalebs, rom mTeli rigi qarTveli mefeebi SesaniSnav ferebSi daxatos... javaxiSvilis Teoria qarTul feodalizmis warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis sakiTxSi aramecnieruli da aSkarad apol-ogeturia. is garkveviT dgas baton-ymobis sistemis gamar-Tlebis niadagze _ cdilobs warmogvidginos igi idiliur formaSi, klasobriv winaaRmdegobaTa gareSe, rogorc harmoniuli sistema. SemTxveviTi rodia is garemoeba, rom glexTa moZraobas javaxiSvilis `qarTveli eris istoria-Si~ adgili ar aqvs. an rad unda ebrZolaT glexebs Tavisi mzrunvelebisa da mfarvelebis _ patronebis winaaRmdeg? javaxiSvilis Teoriis mixedviT es sul gaumarTlebeli iqneboda da misi axsna yovlad SeuZlebeli iqneboda... `ma-gram javaxiSvili, dgas ra Tavis burJuaziul-idealistur Tvalsazrisze, uaryofs stalinis Sexedulebas. misi az-riT, eri ar aris istoriuli kategoria, igi mudam arse-bobda da iarsebebs. javaxiSvils ar SeuZlia istoriuli masalebiT daasabuTos Tavisi debuleba. piriqiT, faqtebi, romelTagan nawili TviT mas mohyavs Tavis naSromebSi, mis winaaRmdeg laparakobs~.

v. cincaZe: `profesor javaxiSvils etyoba (obieq-turad) arasodes ar ucdia, Tavi daexwia daxavsebuli az-rebisagan, Tvali gadaevlo da praqtika mieRo im udides istoriul cvlilebebisagan, romliTac xasiaTdeba axal saukuneTa periodebi... profesor javaxiSvils gaTanabre-buli aqvs, ukeT rom vTqvaT, ver amCnevs im feodalur su-liT gaJRenTil da burJuaziuli saxeebiT Seferadebuli jgufebis arsebobas, romlebic maSin arsebobden da erT-maneTs mwvaved upirispirdeboden sazogadoebis SigniT~.

niko berZeniSvili (profesori): `qarTveli eris is-toriis avtori teqnikur momzadebulobiT ueWvelad maRali tipis istorikosia. evropul da aRmosavlur en-


ebis mcodne, filologi da enaTmecnieri, eTnografi da arqeologi, frTxili da dinji mkvlevari _ is swored zedgamoWrili aRmoCnda, rom saqarTvelos istoriis Seno-bis saSeni masala, JamTa siRrmis burusSi mimamuli faqtebi aRmoeCina, gamoemJRavnebina. profesori ivane javaxiSvi-lis damsaxureba qarTul istoriografiis winaSe didi da sapatioa. man pirvelma gabeda da saqarTvelos istoriis Zveli xana gaswminda zRaparTa burusisagan, romelic agre sqlad Semoxveoda mas. maRal teqnikuri xerxebiT moipova da daadgina auracxeli faqtebi.

Cven dRes, ra Tqma unda, mis mier mopovebul istoriul faqtebs Tu dadgenil movlenebs kritikulad udgebiT da marqsistul-leninuri istoriuli meTodis mixedviT zogs miviRebT, zogs kidev ukuvagdebT an gadavafasebT da Se-vavsebT; mraval axalsac aRmovaCenT iq, sadac man es ver SeniSna (da arc SeeZlo SeeniSna: faqtis mopoveba xdeba ara mxolod imis mixedviT, Tu rac arsebobs, aramed imis mixed-viTac, Tu ras eZeb...).

gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom profesorma ivane javaxiSvilma Zlierad waswia win qarTuli istorio-grafiis saqme.

magram isic xom udavoa, rom man qarTuli istoriogra-fia samarcxvino CamorCenilobidan ver gamoiyvana. es rom ase ar yofiliyo, Cveni dRevandeli sxdoma sul sxva xasi-aTisa iqneboda...

`qarTveli eris istoriis~ avtori RviZli Svilia wvr-il burJuaziul-qarTul inteligenciis ojaxisa da misi individualistur-idealistur ideebis matarebelia. kv-levis analitikur-induqtiuri meTodiT da idealisturi msoflmxedvelobiT mowinave istoriografiis Seqmna am marqsizmis epoqaSi, ra Tqma unda, mas ar SeeZlo~.

luka cixisTavi (wiTeli profesori, filipe maxaraZis Tanamoazre): `qarTuli burJuaziul idealisturi isto-riografiis mamamTavris ivane javaxiSvilis Sromebis Rrma bolSevikur-akademiuri kritikiT momxsenebelma farda axada ivane javaxiSvilis yvela mimdevrebs da mecnierul akademiuri maxvili Casca maT aSkara yalbsa da falsifika-torul Sexedulebebs~.


jinWvelaSvili (istorikosi): `miuxedavad mravali Sromebisa, romelic daswera javaxiSvilma, kerZoT, saqa-rTvelos istoriaSi, ver mogvca Cveni xalxis namdvili, klasTa brZolis istoria. mas, TiTqmis gamouklebliv, aR-werili aqvs yvela ̀ mefeebis~ istoria, maTi Tavgadasavali, omebi, detaluraTac ki, magram mTavari, rac amoZravebs istorias, klasTa brZola, romliTac xasiaTdeba saqa-rTvelos teritoriaze dasaxlebuli xalxTa cxovreba, mTlianad daviwyebulia~.

simon janaSia (profesori): `me veTanxmebi im ZiriTad debulebas, romelic moxsenebaSi iyo wamoyenebuli profe-sor javaxiSvilis Sesaxeb. exla sasacilo iqneboda dagvew-yo imis mtkiceba, rom javaxiSvili marqsisti ar aris, amas arc TviTon amtkicebs da arc aravis sjera, rom is marq-sisti aris.

ra Tqma unda, saqme amaSi ar aris, aramed saqme imaSia, rom, rogorc aq samarTlianad iyo aRniSnuli, Cven axal-gazrdobas unda vaswavloT, Tu rogor unda mivides javax-iSvilTan. Cven xom javaxiSvils niRilisturaT ver Sevxe-davT, radgan niRilizmi Cveni meTodi ar aris.

maS rogorRa unda mivideT masTan? amis Sesaxebac iyo aq naTqvami da mec igive SemiZlia gavimeoro. Cven yovelT-vis vesaubrebiT auditorias da konkretul praqtikul ma-salaze (ai, es aris Cveni meTodi) uCvenebT, Tu rogor unda mivideT javaxiSvilTan, ra unda miviRoT misgan, ra ar unda miviRoT da rac unda miviRoT, rogor unda miviRoT.

zedmetia laparaki imis Sesaxeb, rom javaxiSvils didi damsaxureba miuZRvis. sakmarisia, marto CamovTvaloT is Sromebi, romlebic mas dauweria an SexedoT wignTsacavSi im Taroebs, romlebzedac javaxiSvilis wignebi awyvia, rom dainaxoT, Tu am adamians ra kolosaluri Sroma Cautare-bia, romlis nayofi aseTi mravalricxovani tomebis saxiT aris Cvens winaSe warmodgenili.

ar iqneboda swori gveTqva, rom profesor javaxiSvi-lis damsaxureba mdgomareobs mxolod faqtebis Segrove-baSi. ara erTi Sexeduleba ganzogadebulic aqvs mocemu-li, romelic Cven SegviZlia miviRoT. ar iqneboda es swori oris mxriv. es qmnis, jer erTi, iseT yalb Sexedulebas, rom


yvela is faqti, romelic dagrovilia javaxiSvilis mier, swori faqtia da unda miviRoT ise, rogorc javaxiSvils aqvs miRebuli. meore, es hqmnis yalb Sexedulebas, TiTqos amieridan faqtiur sferoSi aRaraferia gasakeTebeli~.

g. janeliZe: `me vfiqrob, rom kamaTis mTavari daniS-nuleba aris, rom mTeli siRrmiT gamoaSkaravos saqarT-veloSi profesor ivane javaxiSvilis skolis burJuaziul nacionalisturi istoriografiis buneba, gamoamJRav-nos Cveni sxva istorikosebis muSaobaSiac defeqtebi da dasaxos amocanebi momavalSi swori muSaobisaTvis, saqa-rTvelos namdvili marqsistul-leninuri istoriis Seqm-nisaTvis. cxadia, am did saqmis Sesrulebas burJuaziul profesorebs ver mivandobT, Cveni istoriis sakiTxebze burJuaziul-nacionalist profesorebis da, kerZoT, pro-fesor ivane javaxiSvilis muSaobam ver mogvca namdvili `saqarTvelos istoria~, sworeT iseTi istoria, romlis Sinaarss sagvareulo weswyobilebis dangrevis Semdeg klasTa brZola warmoadgens, istoriis, romelic ramoden-ime aTasi weli grZeldeba da mdidaria am SinaarsiT. amis mizezi is aris, rom profesori ivane javaxiSvili erTgu-lad, TanmimdevrobiT daadga im gzas, romliTac misi klasi midioda. is gabatonebuli klasis interesebis gamomxatve-li gaxda. marTalia, gabatonebul klasma ara erTi da ori gamoCenili revolucioneri istorikosi misca proletar-iats, magram maT ricxvSi ar aris profesori ivane javaxiS-vili. is, piriqiT, bolomde erTguli darCa Tavisi klasis~.

simon yauxCiSvili (profesori): `profesor ivane ja-vaxiSvilis muSaoba saqarTvelos istoriis kvleva-Ziebis sakiTxebisaTvis uaRresad saWiro saqmes warmoadgens CvenTvis. arc imas vfiqrobT, rogorc zogierTi aq gamo-suli amxanagi aRniSnavda, TiTqos ivane javaxiSvilis Rvaw-li imitomac aris dasafasebeli, rom mas, sxva ara iyos ra, didi fizikuri Sroma gadautania. arc imas viziareb, ro-gorc zogierTma aRniSna, rom ivane javaxiSvilis mier mo-wodebul faqtebs sruliad ver endoba adamiani~.

talaxaZe (wiTeli profesori, 1921 wlidan Tbilisis komendanti, SemdegSi dasavleT saqarTvelos sagangebo komisiis Tavmjdomare, saqarTvelos mTavari prokurori,


sameulis wevri): `profesori javaxiSvili aris qarTuli burJuaziuli istoriografiis dasayrdeni, burji da da-narCeni istorikosebi, ra Tqma unda, me myavs mxedvelobaSi axali istorikosebi, ase Tu ise sargebloben miT da sam-wuxaro is aris, rom isinic ki, visac udavoT surs gawyvi-tos profesor javaxiSvilTan da miuaxlovdes marqsizms, 99%-s sesxuloben javaxiSvilisagan da mxolod 1%-s eZe-ben marqsizmSi. ase rom, profesor javaxiSvilis gavlena arsebobs ara marto Zveli sazogadoebis istorikosebze, aramed arsebobs maTzedac, visac surs gaakritikos javax-iSvili da gadavides marqsistul meTodologiaze~.

dRvilava: `i. javaxiSvili, rogorc istorikosi, warmoadgens feodalur burJuaziul msoflmxedvelo-bis istorikoss. ar SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is wminda wylis burJuaziuli istorikosia, aramed masSi aris didi doza wminda feodalur, memamulur, pomeSCikur Sexedulebebis, rasac gverds ver auvliT, rodesac vixilavT mis nawarmoe-bebs~.

1936 wlis diskusiis Sedegi: ivane javaxiSvili protestis niSnad iTxovs universitetidan gaTavisufle-bas da saqarTvelos ssr ganaTlebis komisars wers Semdegi Sinaarsis werils: `mas Semdgom, rac t. s. u. reqtori prof. k. oragveliZe da saswavlo nawilis proreqtori doc. gr. janeliZe universitetSi sajaro sxdomebze bileTebiT

niko berZeniSvili simon janaSia simon yauxCiSvili


mowveul mravalricxovan damswre sazogadoebas da maT Soris Cem msmenel studentebsac xangrZlivi drois gan-mavlobaSi yvela naSromis uvargisobas umtkicebdnen da Cemi, viTarca mecnierisa da universitetis profesoris, saxelis gatexas gulmodgineT da gaafTrebiT lamobdnen imas garda, rom Cems moRvaweobas universitetSi yovel-gvari azri daekarga, aseT pirobebSi universitetSi Cemi darCenac Cemi adamianuri Rirsebis damamcireblad mimaC-nia. amitom valad vracx mogaxsenoT, rom am semestrSi, maisis damdegs, leqciebis gaTavebisTanave Cems, viTarca universitetis profesoris, movaleobas damTavrebulad CavTvli da, gTxovT, rom amieriTgan universitetis pro-fesorobisagan ganmaTavisufloT, da Tanac es garemoeba universitetis reqtors auwyoT, rom Cem mier wakiTxuli kursebis gamocdebis Casabareblad is pirni daniSnos, romelnic yvelafriT Cemze ukeT mcodned miaCnia.

mogarTmevT ra universitetis profesorobisagan Cemi gadadgomis am gancxadebas, vfiqrob, rom 1899 wliT-gan moyolebuli 38 wlis ganmavlobaSi peterburgisa da tfilisis universitetebSi samsaxuris gamo, kanoniT pensi-is miRebis ufleba unda mqondes. Tu me ar vcdebi, gTxovT, saTanado dawesebulebis winaSe Suamdgomloba aRZraT, rom kanoniT kuTvnili pensia dameniSnos~.

vaxtang guruli

istorikosi, profesori`Tbilisis universiteti~, 23 aprili, 2011 w.


g 7 h

qarTuli mecnierebis patriarqi

`ivane javaxiSvilia qarTvelologiis alfaca da omegac. aseTi mecnierebi evro-

paSi mxolod renesansis dros iyvnen~

marton iStvanoviCi

universitetis gaxsnis gamqilikebelT da pesimistur-ad ganwyobilT imdroindel qarTul sazogadoebaze saer-To mosazreba hqondaT da Riad acxadebdnen, rom mecnier-Ta mwiri resursis, mecnieruli safuZvlebis arqonisa da qarTul enaze samecniero terminologiis ararsebobis pi-robebSi universitetis daarseba safuZvelSive ganwiruli iyo. universitetis ideiT Sepyrobilma ivane javaxiSvilma am amocanis sirTulesac gaarTva Tavi da qarTuli mec-nierebis ganviTarebisTvis mravalmxrivi kampania wamoi-wyo. is, rogorc mecnieri, Tavad Caudga saTaveSi TiTqmis yvela dargis istoriis kvlevas. amaze metyvelebs misi mdi-dari samecniero memkvidreoba, rac calke gansjis Temaa.

ivane javaxiSvili mTel qarTvel ers hyavda. man TiTq-mis yamir miwaze aaRorZina qarTuli mecniereba, ganaviTa-ra istoriografia, paleografia, diplomatika, qarTuli


samarTlis, ekonomikisa da musikis istoria; daadgina qa-rTveli eris ganviTarebis istoriuli etapebi, daafuZna klasikuri filologia da enaTmecniereba... igi eris winamZ-Rolia, romelmac istoriis kvleviT momavals daanaxa, ra ganZi gvqonia, ra fesvebze vdgavarT da saiT unda wavideT...

mecnieruli istoriografiisTvis safuZvlis Cayras da mis ganviTarebas dasavleT evropasa da ruseTSi mTeli rigi umaRlesi saswavleblebi, samecniero dawesebule-bebi, saistorio sazogadoebebi da profesional istor-ikosTa mTeli armia emsaxureboda. saqarTvelos sinamd-vileSi ki am didi problemis gadaWra, faqtobrivad, erTma pirovnebam _ ivane javaxiSvilma ikisra.

ivane javaxiSvilis mecnierul damsaxurebebs dRes yvela didi mecnieri aRiarebs da miiCnevs _ rom ara didi ivane javaxiSvili, saqarTvelos ar eqneboda esoden ganvi-Tarebuli mecniereba da mecnieruli terminologia; rom ara ivane javaxiSvili, saqarTvelos ar eqneboda mdidari istoriuli warsulis mqone universiteti, sadac mudam-Jams trialebda Tavisuflebis wyurviliT anTebuli moaz-rovne Taoba, romelmac damoukideblobis mopovebaSi didi wvlili Seitana.

ivane javaxiSvili da istoriografia

ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc mecnieri, dResac amou-wuravia. ar arsebobs disertacia qarTvelologiur da istoriografiul mimarTulebebSi, romelSic moxmobi-li ar iyos javaxiSviliseuli daskvna ama Tu im sakiTxze. mecnierebi aRiareben, rom, TiTqmis saukunis Semdegac ki, SeuZlebelia, gverdi auaro ivane javaxiSvilis samecnie-ro debulebebs. misi kritikuli mecnieruli alRo Seexo saqarTvelos istoriis TiTqmis yvela etaps da mniSvnelo-van movlenas. mis fundamentur naSroms `qarTveli eris istoria~, romelic 1908-1913-1924 wlebSi etapobrivad gamoicemoda, win uZRoda istoriis sakiTxebze sxvadasxva naSromis gamocema. igi swavlobda andria mociqulisa da wminda ninos moRvaweobas, saqarTvelos samefo taxtis


memkvidreebis _ mefis Ze daviTisa da batoniSvil iulonis cxovrebas, saqarTvelos mefeebis istoriasa da qarTveli eris ganviTarebis istoriul etapebs. ivane javaxiSvili aanalizebda saqarTvelos mefeebis uflebebis istorias (1905 w); zneobrivi moZRvrebis istorias (1906 w.); Zveli saqarTvelosa da Zveli somxeTis saxelmwifoebriv wyo-bilebas (1907 w.). istoriografiaSi, faqtobrivad, ar darCa mimarTuleba, romelzec ivane javaxiSvils naSromi ar Se-eqmna. bevri maTgani dResac fundamenturad miiCneva.

akademikosi mariam lorTqifaniZe ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweobas da damsaxurebas qarTuli istoriografi-is winaSe sruliad unikalur movlenad miiCnevs da asab-uTebs, rom man qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebiT sru-liad axali era daiwyo saqarTvelos istoriaSi. interviu, romelic mariam lorTqifaniZesTan CavwereT, aqtualur Temebs Slis.

_ qalbatono marika, ivane javaxiSvilis damsaxure-ba qarTuli mecnierebis winaSe marTlac ganuzomelia, radgan man TiTqmis yvela humanitaruli dargis mec-nierul istorias Cauyara safuZveli, magram mainc, is pirvel rigSi istorikosi iyo da yvelaze meti am dargs dautova. rogor SeafasebT ivane javaxiSvilis, rogorc istoriografis, rols qarTul mecnierebaSi?

_ rodesac ivane javaxiSvilma Tbilisis pirveli gim-nazia daamTavra, mas Tavisi gza ukve garkveuli hqonda. igi peterburgSi aRmosavleTmcodneobis ganyofile-baze Cairicxa qarTul-somxuri filologiis ganxriT, romelsac, maSin, saTaveSi aleqsandre cagareli da, Sem-deg, niko mari edgnen.

peterburgis universitetis aRmosavleTmcodneo-bis fakulteti evropaSi erT-erTi Zlieri da mowinave fakulteti iyo, magram, radgan iTvleboda, rom eklesiis istoriaSi specialisti ar hyavdaT, saeklesio samarTlis


Sesaswavlad ivane javaxiSvili germaniaSi cnobil mecni-erTan _ harnakTan gagzavnes. iq man mniSvnelovani saqme gaakeTa _ germanulad Targmna `abo tfilelis martvi-loba~ da `evstaTi mcxeTelis martviloba~. am naSromebis gamocemiT evropaSi cxadi gaxda, rom qarTul mwerlobaze, qarTul kulturaze, qarTul agiografiaze warmodgena ar hqondaT.

1902 wels ivane javaxiSvili, niko marTan erTad, qar-Tuli xelnawerebis aRwerisa da Seswavlis mizniT gaemgza-vra sinas mTaze, sadac didxans imuSava. saintereso deta-lia, rom iq swored man miakvlia giorgi merCules `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ xelnawers.

warmoidgineT, ramdenad mniSvnelovania mecnierisTvis aseTi masalis aRmoCena, magram ivane javaxiSvilma es xel-naweri dauTmo niko mars, romelmac `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebis~ SesaniSnavi gamocema gaakeTa Tavisi filolo-giur-istoriuli komentarebiT. `grigol xanZTelis~ xel-naweris niko marisTvis gadacemiT ivane javaxiSvilma mas-wavleblisadmi pativiscema gamoxata, masSi arsebobda mecnieruli keTilsindisierebis gancdac _ igi miiCnevda, rom niko mari ukeT SeZlebda am xelnaweris gamocemas.

erTi ram unda vTqva _ ruseTSi yofnis dros, oqtom-bris revoluciamde, ivane javaxiSvilma 40-mde naSromi gamosca. aqedan sul ramdenime Seiqmna da daibeWda rusu-lad. magaliTad, man rusulad dawera saenciklopedio da sacnobaro naSromebi da samagistro disertacia, romelic brwyinvaled daicva. rac Seexeba Tavis fundamentur naS-romebs, maT ivane javaxiSvili saqarTveloSi qarTulad beWdavda. kerZod, aq daibeWda `saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoriis~ pirveli tomi, aq daiwyo man `qarTveli eris is-toriis~ da `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis~ beWdvac. amiT igi niadags amzadebda qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebi-saTvis, radgan es iyo misi mizani.

_ cnobilia ivane javaxiSvilis kritikuli damokidebuleba istoriuli wyaroebis mimarT. rogor unda gavigoT es, ratom miiCnevda igi wyaroebisadmi kritikul damokidebulebas samecniero muSaobis amo-saval wertilad?


_ sanam am sakiTxze visaubrebdeT, getyviT, rom ivane javaxiSvilis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani naSromi gaxlavT seriuli gamocema: `saqarTvelos istoriis wyaroebi da meTodebi winaT da axla~. am seriis pirveli wigni iyo `Zve-li qarTuli saistorio mwerloba~. Tavad batonma ivanem am wignis meore gamocema 1922 wels moaswro. Semdeg, 1942 wels, simon janaSiam daumata mas 1922 wlidan 1942 wlamde gamocemuli wyaroTmcodneobiTi da istoriografiuli xasiaTis naSromebi. 1978 wels ki gamovida ivane javaxiS-vilis 12-tomeuli, romlis redaqtori me gaxldiT da mec davumate mas garkveuli sakiTxebi.

rac Seexeba ivane javaxiSvilis damokidebulebas is-toriis kvlevis meTodebis mimarT, mogexsenebaT, rom Jam-TaaRmwerlebis mier Zvelad dawerili istoria Sua sauku-neebSi WeSmaritebad miiCneoda. vinc istorias werda, is an gadaiwerda winamorbedisgan (maSin plagiatis cneba ar arsebobda), an ukve arsebuli masalis redaqtirebas gaa-keTebda da weras gaagrZelebda. evropaSi saqarTveloze gacilebiT adre daiwyo muSaoba saistorio meTodebis kvlevis mimarTulebiT. swored evropelma mecnierebma dasves werilobiTi wyaroebis kritikis sakiTxi. XIX sauku-neSi es meTodi ruseTSi ukve danergili iyo. saqarTveloSi ki, miuxedavad imisa, rom moRvaweobda TiTo-orola is-torikosi, romelic zogierTi sakiTxis mimarT kritikul damokidebulebas amJRavnebda, wyaroebisadmi kritikuli midgomis meTodi ar arsebobda. qarTul mecnierebaSi ivane javaxiSvilma Semoitana es meTodi. anu Tu erT wyaroSi aR-werilia raime istoriuli movlena, sasurvelia, is sxva wy-aroTic iyos dasabuTebuli, an mas mxars uWerdes ucxouri wyaroebi. ai, es aris is meTodi, ris gamoc Cven ivane javax-iSvilze vambobT, rom qarTul istoriul mecnierebaSi ax-ali etapi Seqmna.

unda giTxraT, rom ivane javaxiSvili, marTlac, Zalian kritikuli iyo da arasodes dauJinia, rac me vTqvi, isaa WeSmaritebao. magaliTad, mcxeTa-armazis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Semdeg, romlis xelmZRvanelic Tavadve brZan-deboda, gaxsnes II saukunis samarxi, romelSic aRmoCnda be-Wedi warweriT `pitiaxSi~. es warwera waikiTxes jer simon


yauxCiSvilma, Semdeg _ simon janaSiam. maT uTxres ivane javaxiSvils _ Tqvens naSromSi brZanebT, rom pitiaxSis instituti saqarTveloSi IV saukunidan Cndeba, magram, ai, aRmoCnda beWedi, romelic miuTiTebs, rom es instituti II saukunidan ukve arsebobdao. swored maSin Tqva ivane javaxiSvilma mecnierebisTvis yuradsaRebi istoriuli sityva: `arqeologiurma gaTxrebma da axalma ucxourma Tu qarTulma werilobiTma Zeglebma SeiZleba bevri is-toriuli faqti axleburad dagvanaxos~. igi iyo namdvili mecnieri, romelic ar ebRauWeboda sakuTar mosazrebas da ar acxadebda, rom, ginda Tu ara, rac me vTqvi, is aris marTalio. aRmoCndeboda raRac axali? igi amas ostatu-rad iyenebda.

aseve magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT kidev erTi faqti, romelic swored imas adasturebs, rom zogierTi mecnieruli mosazreba SesaZlebelia axalma wyaroebma Secvalos. ivane javaxiSvilma Tavis droze Zalian gaakri-tika `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulSi Sesuli pirveli Tx-zuleba `mefeTa cxovreba~, romelic XI saukunis avto-ris leonti mrovelis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. ivane javaxiSvilma masSi warmodgenili bevri cnoba ar miiCnia marTebulad, magram Semdeg sxvadasxva wyaroebma da arqe-ologiurma gaTxrebma `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ gadmocemuli cnobebis marTebuloba daadastura. amis Semdeg gaCnda ivane javaxiSvilis hiperkritikuli damokidebuleba qa-rTuli werilobiTi wyaroebisa da, sakuTriv, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mimarT.

_ ivane javaxiSvilis kalams ekuTvnis fundamentu-ri gamokvlevebi saqarTvelos istoriis TiTqmis yvela sakiTxSi. dRevandeli gadasaxedidan, wyaroebze dayrd-noba swori mecnieruli midgoma iyo, magram isic cnobi-lia, rom mas swored amis gamo akritikebdnen. ra iyo am kritikis safuZveli?

_ diax, mas did danaSaulad uTvlidnen, rom faqtolo-gi gaxldaT. magram unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom igi iZule-buli iyo, daedgina faqtebi, radganac qarTul mecniere-baSi manamde aseTi ram arsebobda. isic unda vTqvaT, rom ivane javaxiSvili marto faqtebs ki ar adgenda, rogorc


mas bralad dasdes, aramed am faqtebis analizsac iZleo-da. mas Tavisi Sexeduleba hqonda qarTuli istoriisa da istoriuli azrovnebis ganviTarebis periodizaciaze, aseve, qarTuli kulturis sakiTxebze. ar arsebobs dargi, romelzec mas Tavisi azri ar gamoeTqvas. rasakvirvelia, mis mier wamoyenebuli yvela mosazreba gasaziarebeli ar aris, magram roca winamorbed moRvawes vafasebT, misi Rvawli mecnierebis dRevandeli doniT ki ar unda Seva-fasoT, aramed im doniT, ra periodSic igi cxovrobda da moRvaweobda.

_ albaT swored am wyaroebis safuZvliani gaana-lizebis Semdgom Seiqmna ivane javaxiSvilis naSromebi, romelic qarTveli eris istoriis garda, Seexo qarTu-li samarTlisa da ekonomikis istoriasac...

_ Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom ivane javaxiSvilis Tval-Taxedvis areSi bevri mecnieruli mimarTuleba moxvda. oriode sityviT vaxsenoT es mimarTulebebic. magaliTad, misi fundamenturi naSromia `qarTuli samarTlis isto-ria~. es aris titanuri naSromi, radganac mas uxdeboda yvela samarTlebrivi terminis dadgena da Semdeg ukve qa-rTuli samarTlis, rogorc socialuri movlenis, ganviTa-rebis safexurebis aRwera.

aseve mniSvnelovani naSromia `saqarTvelos ekonomi-kuri ganviTarebis istoria~. man daadgina meurneobis dargebi, vazisa da xorblis aRmniSvneli terminebi... war-moidgineT, ramxela Sroma gaswia am terminebis dasadgenad da Semdeg istoriis etapebis gasaanalizeblad.

universitetis daarsebis Semdeg, rodesac saWiro gaxda universitetis swavlebis programis Sedgena, ivane javaxiSvilma programaSi Seitana saqarTvelos istoriis damxmare disciplinebi _ qarTuli damwerlobaTmcod-neoba, anu paleografia, qarTuli sigelTmcodneoba, anu diplomatika da sxv. man damxmare disciplinebis saxelmZ-Rvaneloebic Tavad gamosca. vimeoreb, SesaZloa, misi deb-ulebebidan dRes bevri ram sakamaTo iyos, magram am mimar-TulebebiT es pirveli seriozuli naSromebi iyo.

dRes gansakuTrebiT sakamaToa qarTuli damwerlo-bis istoria, romelsac ivane javaxiSvili Zveli welTaR-


ricxvis VII saukunes miaw-ers da ambobs, rom qarTuli asomTavruli finikiuridan da arameulidan aris warmo-Sobili. igi wers, rom, mar-Talia, Cven jer asomTavru-liT Sesrulebuli araferi mogvepoveba, magram unda vivaraudoT, rom arqeolo-giuri gaTxrebi aRmoaCens bevr saganZurs da maT So-ris asomTavruli damwer-lobis nimuSebsaco. mas amis Tqmis da daweris moraluri ufleba hqonda, radgan ma-Sin saqarTveloSi arqeolo-giuri gaTxrebi TiTqmis ar

warmoebda. dRes saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenilia winaqristianuli xanis berZnuli, arameuli da ebrauli warwerebi, magram, samwuxarod, ivane javaxiSvilis mosaz-rebis damadasturebeli faqtebi jerjerobiT ar aRmoCe-nila. ivane javaxiSvilis am mosazrebas mimdevrebi dResac hyavs.

_ Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom, ivane javaxiSvilma, faqtobrivad, yamirze daiwyo qarTuli mecnierebis aR-moceneba. sakvirveli isaa, rom man amden mimarTulebas Cauyara safuZveli da amdeni fundamenturi naSromi Se-qmna. Tqveni azriT, ra xerxiT SeZlo erTma, Tundac ge-nialurma adamianma amis gakeTeba?

_ Tavis droze es kiTxva mec davusvi baton simon ja-naSias. rogorc man amixsna, es imis damsaxureba iyo, rom ivane javaxiSvili muSaobda sabaraTo sistemiT, romelic mas niko marma aswavla. igi kiTxulobda wyaros da masSi aR-moCenil siaxles erT baraTze daitanda. magaliTad, vTq-vaT, Sexvda erTgan sityva `glexi~, amowerda yvelafers am sityvis garSemo _ TariRebs, wyaros, mniSvnelobas da dadebda. Semdeg Tu kidev sxvagan Sexvdeboda am sityvas, axal monacemebsac im baraTs miawerda da ase agrZelebda.


saboloo jamSi igi iRebda uamrav istoriul wyaros da am gziT mohyavda sistemaSi mokvleuli monacemebi.

garda amisa, Cemi azriT, erT adamians amis gakeTeba mx-olod niWierebis da gasaocari Sromis unaris Sedegad See-Zlo. batoni ivane TavauRebliv muSaobda maSinac ki, roca avad iyo.

ivane javaxiSvili da arqeologia

ivane javaxiSvilis gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba saistorio wyaroebis mimarT mis samuzeumo moRvaweoba-Sic vlindeba. 1931 wlidan, roca igi saqarTvelos muzeu-mis mecnier-konsultantad dainiSna, mudmivad zrunavda, samuzeumo eqsponatad eqcia yvela is nivTi, rac qarTveli eris kulturul-istoriul warsuls gamoamzeurebda. am mizniT mas aucileblad miaCnda muzeumSi saistorio gan-yofilebis daarseba. werilSi, romelsac igi 1934 wels muzeumis direqtors wers, am ganyofilebis movaleobas ase ayalibebs: `istoriuli ganyofileba unda seqciebad dai-yos, romelTagans TviTeuls Tavis dargi eqmneba. pirvel seqcias sagnad uZvelesi, klasTa uwinaresisa da klasTa dasawyisis xanis kultura eqmneba. meore seqcias saSua-lo saukuneebis da ganaxlebis xanis saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi kulturisa da kerZo yofa-cxovrebis niv-Tieri naSTis Segroveba, Seswavla da gamofena. mesame seq-cias saWurveli da sabrZolveli iaraRebi, meoTxe seqcias beWdebi da safas-sazomebi da mexuTes _ uaxlesi istoriis mimdinareobis asaxva~.

ivane javaxiSvilis dasabuTebuli moTxovniT, muzeumSi Seiqmna istoriis ganyofileba. igi 1936 wlidan sicocxlis ukanasknel wuTamde am ganyofilebas xelmZRvanelobda da miaCnda, rom arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros mikvleuli axali nivTmtkicebebi aqtiurad unda gamoeyenebinaT mec-nierebs, rogorc wyaroebi. igi Tavadac xelmZRvanelobda zogierT arqeologiur gaTxrebs.

akademikosi oTar jafariZe ivane javaxiSvilis damsax-urebad miiCnevs dmanisis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis daw-


yebas da mcxeTa-armazis gaTxrebisas aRmoCenil araerT uZvirfases wyaros. misi TqmiT, ivane javaxiSvilis damsax-ureba ganuzomlad didia qarTuli arqeologiis ganviTa-rebaSi.

oTar jafariZe: `ivane javaxiSvili didad iyo dain-teresebuli arqeologiis ganviTarebiT da, miuxedavad imisa, rom im periodSi xelCasaWidi bevri araferi hqonda, Tavis naSromebSi mainc imowmebda revoluciamde aRmoCe-nil arqeologiur masalebs, rogorc arsebul istoriul wyaroebsa da mtkicebulebebs.

man araerTxel gamoTqva sinanuli imis Sesaxeb, rom saqarTveloSi jer kidev ar aRmoCnda am saqmiT daintere-sebuli mecnieri. igi aRniSnavda, rom Zveli istoriis Ses-wavla arqeologiis gareSe SeuZlebelia da sxva sakiTxebT-an erTad, eTnikuri sakiTxebis kvleva arqeologiiTa da enaTmecnierebiT aris SesaZlebeli.

ivane javaxiSvili niko marTan erTad anisis gaTxrebze


swored arqeologiisadmi interesiT iyo gamowveuli is faqti, rom man universitetSi safuZveli Cauyara arqe-ologiis swavlebas. im periodSi universitetidan germani-aSi saswavleblad sxvebTan erTad mivlinebuli iyo giorgi nioraZe, romelic iq preistoriul arqeologias swavlob-da. masze ivane javaxiSvili did imedebs amyarebda da, roca batoni giorgi germaniidan Camovida, batonma ivanem igi universitetSi arqeologiis kursis wasakiTxad moiwvia.

Tqven iciT, rom ivane javaxiSvili ramdenjerme Camo-aciles universitetSi saswavlo process, magram 30-iani wlebis bolos, roca muSaobis ufleba misces, pirveli, rac gaakeTa, iyo is, rom daiwyo arqeologiuri gaTxrebi dma-nisSi. anu dmanisis Tanamedrove aRmoCenebs swored maSin Caeyara safuZveli. amis Semdeg ivane javaxiSvili saTaveSi Caudga mcxeTis arqeologiur gaTxrebs, sadac gaiTxara samTavro samarovani da armazis xevi. swored aq aRmoCnda pitiaxSTa samarxebi. ivane javaxiSvili pirveli samarxis aRmoCenas, romelic asparuk pitiaxSs ekuTvnoda, Tavad daeswro. mimaCnia, rom qarTuli arqeologiis winaSe ivane javaxiSvilis damsaxureba iseve didia, rogoric istorio-grafiisa da, zogadad, qarTuli mecnierebis winaSe~.

sayuradReboa isic, rom ivane javaxiSvili Zveli samarxebis gaTxrebisas aRmoCenili nivTebis mxolod samuzeumo eqsponatebad qcevis momxre ar iyo, Tumca mi-aCnda, rom am nivTebis gamofenas aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvn-eloba hqonda: `damTvalierebels sruli saSualeba unda hqondes maSindeli adamianis nivTieri avla-dideba da kul-turis done SeZlebisamebr srulad warmoidginos. amisT-vis sxvadasxva droisa da saxeobis samarxebi gamofenili unda iyos mTeli Tavisi agebuleba-mowyobilobiTurT~, _ werda igi.

garda arqeologiuri Zeglebisa, ivane javaxiSvili did yuradRebas aqcevda qarTuli kulturis Zeglebis dacvis saqmesac da moiTxovda, rom umTavres sazrunavad eqciaT qarTuli xelovnebis Zeglebis dacva-aRdgena. amisaTvis, ivane javaxiSvili sam gzas xedavda: 1) qarTuli xelovnebis Zveli Zeglebis Segroveba, Senaxva da mecnierul-mxatvru-li Seswavla; 2) Tanamedrove (XX saukunis 10-20-iani wlebi)


qarTuli eTnografiuli masalebis (Sinamrewvelobis sx-vadasxva dargis sagnebi, avejeuloba, WurWleuloba da sxv.) Segroveba da Seswavla da 3) saqarTvelos bunebis Ses-wavla da aRbeWdva.

kulturuli memkvidreoba ivane javaxiSvilisTvis ar iyo mxolod istoria, is iyo qveynis warsulisa da Taname-droveobis urTierTkavSiri, rasac igi mTlian kompleqsSi ganixilavda.

ivane javaxiSvili da qarTuli damwerloba

cnobilia, rom ivane javaxiSvilma qarTuli damwer-lobis warmomavloba finikiurs daukavSira da misi war-moSoba Zveli w.aR-iT VII saukuneSi ivarauda. qarTveli mecnierebis didi nawili am mosazrebas ar eTanxmeba, radganac, maTi azriT, jerjerobiT ivane javaxiSvilis es hipoTeza istoriuli wyaroebiT ar dasturdeba. Tumca, unda iTqvas isic, rom ivane javaxiSvilis am mosazrebas mx-ardamWerebi dResac hyavs. qarTveli paleografi, cnobi-li mecnieri ramaz patariZe, ivane javaxiSvilis msgavsad, grafikuli Sedarebis meTods iyenebs da qarTuli damwer-lobis warmoSobas Zv.w.aR-iT V saukuniT aTariRebs, xolo farnavaz mefes, romelsac Cven qarTuli anabnis Semqmne-lad vicnobT, is mxolod qarTuli damwerlobis reforma-torad miiCnevs.

ramaz patariZe: `me ivane javaxiSvilis mowafe var. man Seqmna SesaniSnavi wigni, romliTac safuZveli Cauyara qarTul damwerlobaTmcodneobas, qarTul paleografias da gvianderZa, rom momavalma mkvlevrebma am gziT unda iaron.

gezi, romelic ivane javaxiSvilma dagvitova, iT-valiswinebda imas, rom gagverkvia qarTuli aso-niSnebis raoba. man yuradReba miaqcia, rom _ finikiuri anbanis pirveli aso-niSani aris xaris Tavis gamosaxuleba da ami-tom aso-niSans hqvia `alf~, anu xari. semur anbansac aqvs Tavisi dasawyisi _ iwyeba xaris gamosaxulebiT (xari mTva-ris sazvarako cxovelia, ese igi mTvaris RmerTi zeciuri


xaria), anu mTvaris pirveli gamoCeniT da mTavrdeba dasas-rulis, anu jvris aRmniSvneli niSniT. ivane javaxiSvilma gamoTqva Tvalsazrisi, rom iqneb qarTul anbanSic gveZe-bna analogiebi. saqme isaa, rom qarTuli anbani, msgavsad finikiurisa, jvariT mTavrdeba da amitom mas `j~ bgeris mniSvneloba aqvs. am gziTY unda warmarTuliyo kvleva da me mas gavyevi.

javaxiSvilma migviTiTa _ raki qarTul anbanSi, fini-kiuris msgavsad, dasasrulis niSnad jvaris gamosax-uleba zis, iqneb qarTuli pirveli aso-niSanic, finiki-uris msgavsad, xaris gamosaxulebaao. misi es mosazreba ar gamarTlda, magram Zieba mainc am gziT gagrZelda. kv-levebis Sedegad mivedi daskvnamde, rom qarTuli anbani brmad ki araa gadmoRebuli semuri anbanidan, rogorc es berZnulSia, aramed Seqmnilia semuri anbanis principebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

qarTuli anbani, faqtobrivad, kalendaruli Zeglia. saqme isaa, rom adre zeciuri xaris, anu mTvaris pirveli gamoCeniT iwyeboda mTvaris caze moZraobis, anu mTva-ris kalendris aTvla. mTvare caze 27 an 28 dRes moZrao-bs. anbanSic amdeni aso-niSani iyo. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTul anbanSic mTvaris kalendaruli sistema gvaqvs,

warwera bolnisis sionis kedelze


oRondac ara semuri, aramed babilonuri mTvaris kalen-dris sistema da radganac babilonur kalendars ganagebs babilonuri mTvaris RmerTi àn~, amitomac aris qarTuli damwerlobis saxeli ànbani~ da misi pirveli aso-niSanic babilonuri mTvaris RmerTis gamosaxuleba _ mcxrali mTvare.

ase rom, dasturdeba ivane javaxiSvilis varaudi: an-bans aqvs Tavisi dasawyisi _ àni~ da dasasrulis niSani _ jvari.

rac Seexeba damwerlobis warmoSobas, igi miiCnevda, rom qarTuli anabani Zv.w-aR-iT VII –VI saukuneebSi war-moiSva. es varaudi jer ver mtkicdeba, Tumca werilobiTi wyaroebiT dasturdeba, rom damwerloba Seiqmna Zveli welTaRricxvis V saukuneSi. Cven gvaqvs cnoba _ codnis matiane, romelic gveubneba, rom qarTuli damwerloba Seqmnilia qarTvel qurumTa mier ebrauli damwerlo-bisa da babilonuri sityvier-marcvlovani damwerlobis safuZvelze. es ar gaxlavT Cemi azri, es qarTul wyaroe-bSia mocemuli, ubralod, bevri mecnieri am wyaroebs ar endoba.

am mosazrebebisa da, saerTod, qarTuli paleografiis safuZvelTa safuZveli aris ivane javaxiSvilis mier Seqm-nili qarTuli damwerlobaTmcodneoba. me swored misi gza ganvagrZe da amitom Tavs mis mowafed vTvli~.

ivane javaxiSvili da qarTuli kulturis istoriis sakiTxebi

ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweobaSi gansakuTrebuli adg-ili eWira qarTuli kulturis istoriis sakiTxebis Seswav-las. mas miaCnda, rom qarTuli kulturis istoriis kvleva erovnuli TviTSemecnebisa da TviTdamkvidrebis ZiriTa-di gza iyo. igi warsuls swavlobda ara mxolod aRwerilo-biTi miznebiT, aramed istoriis sazrisis ZiebisTvis. man gamokveTa Zveli saistorio mwerlobis mizani, meTodebi da wyaroebi pirveli agiografebidan dawyebuli vaxuSti bagrationis CaTvliT.


filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti, revaz sira-Ze miiCnevda, rom ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweoba qarTuli kulturis istoriis kvlevis sakiTxebSi scdeba mxolod mecnieruli kvlevis farglebs. interviuSi, romelic gazeT `Tbilisis universitets~ misca, igi swored am sakiTxebze saubrobs.

_ batono revaz, rogor SeafasebT, zogadad, ivane javaxiSvilis Rvawls qarTveli eris kulturis kvlevis sakiTxebSi, ra warmoaCina man am naSromebSi?

_ eris istoriul cxovrebas ivane javaxiSvili afasebda kulturuli progresis mixedviT. misTvis yvela warmateba da Znelbedoba iyo didi erovnuli drama, rom-lis fonzec eris kulturuli saxe yalibdeboda.

man gviCvena, rom eris kulturulobas gansazRvravs ara is, Tu raoden didebisTvis miuRwevia warsulSi, aramed is, Tu ramdenad Zalmosili iyo eri _ mudmivi ganviTarebi-sTvis eziarebina sakuTari kulturuli monapovari. ami-tom ivane javaxiSvilis mier istoriidan gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia is, rac marad unda cocxlobdes _ qarTuli damwerloba da mwerloba, qarTuli ena, qarTuli musika, xuroTmoZRvreba...

ivane javaxiSvilisTvis qarTveli eris istoria eris kulturuli dadginebis istoriaa da es gaazrebuli aqvs ara mxolod kulturis istoriis aspeqtSi, aramed misi so-cialuri ganviTarebis da saxelmwifoebriobis, amasTanave, politikur-ekonomikur da kulturul urTierTobaTa mixedviT. magram Tu maT Soris mainc kulturul-istori-uli aspeqtia wamyvani, es imitom, rom am mxriv istoriuli warsuli Tanamedroveobas ukavSirdeba.

_ rogor yofda igi eris kulturuli ganviTarebis etapebs?

_ qarTuli kulturis kvlevis javaxiSviliseuli masStabebi am kulturis mravalmxrivi warmatebis maCvene-belia. masSi, ZiriTadad, 4 kulturul-istoriuli epoqa ganixileboda: warmarTuli, adreqristianuli, klasikuri xanisa da gvianfeodaluri. ivane javaxiSvili sxvadasxva


saistorio cnobis, paleografiuli gaTxrebis, eTno-grafiuli da folkloris monacemTa analizis safuZ-velze cdilobda qarTuli anbanis warmoSobis sakuTari Teoriis damtkicebas. igi am movlenas Zveli welTaRricx-vis me-7 saukuniT aTariRebda, anu miaCnda, rom qarTvele-bi am droidan yofilan CarTulni maSindel `kulturosan msoflioSi~.

_ cnobilia misi damokidebuleba istoriuli Zeglebis mimarT. romeli mwerlobis nimuSebs miiCnev-da igi istoriul wyaroebad da rogor ukavSirebda mas saero cxovrebas?

_ Zveli qarTuli mwerlobidan ivane javaxiSvili, ZiriTadad, sasuliero xasiaTis Zeglebs ganixilavda, radganac maT saistorio Janris Txzulebebad miiCnevda da maTgan umTavresad istoriul monacemebs aanalizebda. mis Ziebebs erTi mniSvnelovani momenti axlda Tan: man pirve-lad danerga CvenSi JamTaaRmwerlobisa da mxatvruli literaturis erT mTlianobaSi ganxilva da amiT orTave dargi erTi saerTo kulturul-istoriuli procesis an-areklad warmogvidgina. magaliTad, igi nikoloz gula-berisZis `sveticxovlis sakiTxavs~ saistorio Txzulebad Tvlis, magram TviTonve miuTiTebs masSi mxatvruli el-ementebis arsebobaze.

ivane javaxiSvilis monografiis _ `Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis~ Sesavali mTlianad eZRvneba Teor-iul-literaturul sakiTxebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Zvel mwerlobaze es iyo pirveli specialuri Teoriul-lit-eraturuli xasiaTis gamokvleva, romelSic ganxilulia mwerlobis ganviTarebis Teoria da Teoria istoriisa, am istoriis faqtologias ki calkeuli avtorebisadmi miZ-Rvnili narkvevebi Seicavs.

kulturul-istoriuli procesis sakiTxebs ivane ja-vaxiSvili saero mwerlobasTan dakavSirebiTac exeba. igi qarTul kulturaSi dasavlur-aRmosavluri sinTezis Teorias aviTarebs. manve qarTul mecnierebaSi pirvelad mogvca mwerlobis klasifikacia bardenheveris mixedviT: 1) dogmatika-apologetika; 2) egzegetika; 3) sabunebisme-tyvelo-istoriuli bibliur-arqeologiuri Txzulebani;


4) asketika; 5) homiletikuri literatura, rac mere ufro srulad Sevida korneli kekeliZis `qarTuli literatu-ris istoriis~ pirvel tomSi.

aRarafers vambobT ivane javaxiSvilis mier mravali ucnobi Zeglis gamovlinebasa da mecnierul gamocemaze, es iqneba sinas mTis saunjis gamomzeureba Tu winarusTve-luri mwerlobis klasikuri nimuSis _ ̀ ioanesa da eqvTimes cxovrebis~ gamocema, an, Tundac, `evstaTi mcxeTelis wamebis~ germanulad Targmna da gamoqveyneba (1901 wels), ramac gamoCenil germanel medievists a. harnaks aTqmevina _ `Zveli qarTuli kulturis arcodna kulturosan xalx-Ta mouTmenel naklad unda CaiTvalos~.

qarTuli mwerlobisadmi ivane javaxiSvilis interes-Ta gasaTvaliswineblad sayuradReboa, rom misi erT-erTi pirveli beWduri naSromi `balavarianis~ rusuli Targmani iyo (1899 wels), xolo ukanaskneli _ `qarTuli filologiisa da Zveli qarTuli mxatvruli eposis isto-riis amocanebi~, romlis moxsenebis saxiT kiTxvis drosac moulodnelad Sewyda misi sicocxle.

kulturul-istoriul ZiebaTa ivane javaxiSviliseu-li meTodologiidan gamosayofia moTxovna, rom qarTuli sinamdvile xelovnurad ar mivusadagoT dasavleT evro-puli istoriis Taviseburebebs da, amasTanave, ar movaxdi-noT warsulis modernizeba. albaT, amiT unda avxsnaT, rom igi ar aviTarebda qarTuli renesansis Teorias, Tumca rusTvelis epoqis gansakuTrebul kulturul zeaRmav-lobas aRniSnavda.

_ ivane javaxiSvilma kompleqsurad Seiswavla qar-Tuli kulturis istoria, kidev ra mimarTulebebs gam-oyofdiT misi naSromebidan?

_ sxva aspeqtebTan erTad, ivane javaxiSvilma Seswav-lis sagnad gaixada qarTuli ena, rogorc kulturul-istoriuli fenomeni. naSromebSi man cxadyo, rom, up-irvelesad, qarTul enaSia asaxuli erovnuli kulturis mravalsaukunovani istoria.

epoqaTa kulturuli saxis rekonstruqcias ivane ja-vaxiSvili Tavisi mravalmxrivi erudiciis wyalobiT axor-cielebda. roca kulturis an xelovnebis romelime dargs


ganvixilavT, am dargebis mimarT daskvnebic calmxrivi xdeba, ramdenadac kulturis arc erTi dargi Tavisi droisgan izolirebulad ar arsebula. isini iyvnen nawili erTiani kulturuli kompleqsisa.

ivane javaxiSvilma kulturuli kompleqsis erTiani codniT SeZlo warsulis cxovrebiseuli realobiT war-modgena. man mogvca mravaltomiani `masalebi qarTveli eris materialuri kulturis istoriidan~, romelic kul-turuli kompleqsis erTiani kvlevis nayofia: samSeneblo masala, adgili, saero da sasuliero nagebobaTa arqite-qturuli ansamblebi, samefo sasaxleebi da darbazebi, sacxovreblis morTuloba, tansacmeli da yofiTi real-iebi, saomari iaraRi da sawesCveulebo tradiciebi eris kulturuli donis Taviseburi maCvenebelia.

mis gamokvlevebSi vecnobiT adamianis saxes Zvel qarTul mwerlobasa da cxovrebaSi, aseve Sromisadmi damokidebulebas Zvel saqarTveloSi.

qarTuli kulturis sakiTxebs ivane javaxiSvili Suqs hfens yvela naSromSi, maT Soris maTSic, sadac saqarT-velos ekonomikur istorias ganixilavs da amtkicebs, rom ekonomikuri istoria qarTuli kulturis safuZvelTa safuZvelia.

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, qarTuli kulturis ivane javaxiS-viliseuli Ziebani Tavadaa kulturul-istoriuli mniSvn-elobis Zegli, radganac man uamrav saidumlos axada far-da da STamomavlobas ukve saZirkvelCayrili mecniereba dautova (interviu Cawerilia 2011 w.).

ivane javaxiSvili da klasikuri filologia

ivane javaxiSvils enciklopediuri ganaTleba saSu-alebas aZlevda, humanitaruli mecnierebis TiTqmis yvela sferos gadaswvdomoda. sxvagvarad ver aixsneba is faqti, rom igi qarTveli xalxis istorias viwro sazRvrebSi ki ar swavlobda, aramed sxva erebTan, maT kulturasTan da enebTan mimarTebaSi ganixilavda. misi damsaxurebaa is, rom Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi enaTmecniere-


bam da klasikurma filologiam imTaviTve mZlavri fesvebi gamoiRo da dRes es skolebi kavkasiis regionSi yvelaze Zlieria. am dargSi moRvawe mecnierebi miiCneven, rom ivane javaxiSvilis fundamenturma naSromebma safuZveli Cauyara Tanamedrove enaTmecnierebis ganviTarebas.

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis klasikuri filologiis, bizantinistikisa da neogrecistikis insti-tutis direqtori, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti rismag gordeziani aRniS-navs, rom meoce saukunis qarTul mecnierebaSi yvelaze didi figura ivane javaxiSvili iyo.

_ batono rismag, Znelia, oriode sityviT daaxas-iaTo qarTuli mecnierebis patriarqi da misi damsax-ureba, zogadad, qarTveli eris winaSe, magram iqneb Tqveni TvaliT danaxuli ivane javaxiSvili gagvacnoT?

_ ivane javaxiSvilis mniSvnelobas gansazRvravs ro-gorc wminda samecniero moRvaweoba, aseve isic, rom igi gvevlineba qarTuli universitetis fuZemdeblad da moamaged. misi damsaxurebaa is, rom SeZlo da sxvadasx-va qveynidan Camoiyvana yvelaze cnobili qarTveli mec-nierebi, maTSi gaaRviZa patriotizmis grZnoba da saTaveSi Cauyena sxvadasxva samecniero mimarTulebas Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi. magaliTad, imxanad ruseTSi moRvaweobda udidesi da msoflioSi cnobili mecnieri grigol wereTeli, romelic ivane javaxiSvilma Tbilisis universitetSi moiwvia. swored grigol wereTelma Seqmna klasikuri filologiis kaTedra, romelmac biZgi misca am dargis ganviTarebas. igi Semdeg Secvala am dargis aseve patriarqma simon yauxCiSvilma da SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom ivane javaxiSvilis mcdelobisa da misi brZnuli gadaw-yvetilebis Sedegad, es dargi dRes Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi warmatebiT viTardeba.

_ konkretulad ra damsaxureba aqvs ivane javaxiS-vils qarTuli enaTmecnierebis winaSe?

_ man datova SesaniSnavi wigni `kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli bunebisa da naTesaobis Sesaxeb~. am wignma droTa ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxava Sefaseba miiRo, magram


ukanasknel xanebSi, mas Semdeg, rac gamovida axalgaz-rda Taobis warmomadgenlebis _ mixeil qurdianisa da merab Cuxuas wignebi, naTeli gaxda ivane javaxiSvilis naSromis mniSvneloba, rasac eyrdnoboda arnold Ciqo-bavas mosazreba iberiul-kavkasiuri erTianobis Sesaxeb. es mosazreba ukve myar dasayrdens hpovebs Tanamedrove qarTveli lingvistebis naSromebSi da ufro da ufro iz-rdeba ivane javaxiSvilis im wignis mniSvneloba, romelic gasuli saukunis 30-iani wlebis bolos gamosca. es naS-romi aris marTlac kolosaluri Sromis Sedegi, radgan avtorma SeZlo sxvadasxva kavkasiur enebs Soris uamravi Sesatyvisoba moenaxa da sxvadasxva saintereso kvleva ewarmoebina.

Tuki Cven movindomebT, mTlianobaSi warmovadginoT ivane javaxiSvili, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom is iyo brwyinva-le istorikosi, brwyinvale filologi, brwyinvale enaT-mecnieri, brwyinvale arqeologi da brwyinvale safuZvlis Camyreli qarTuli mecnierebisa. mTeli qarTveli eri sru-liad samarTlianad miagebs mas im pativs, romelsac Zalian cota mecnieri Rirsebia.

_ Tqveni azriT, rogor SeZlo erTma adamianma safuZveli Caeyara amdeni mecnieruli mimarTulebisT-vis?

_ aseTi ram mxolod didi enciklopedistebis xvedria. amis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia Cveulebriv adamians, ar SeuZlia saSualo monacemebis mqone adamians da, Tqven warmoidgi-neT, arc brwyinvale monacemebis mqone adamians SeuZlia. es erTeulebis xvedria. ivane javaxiSvili Tavisi bunebiT da cxovrebiT gaxldaT enciklopedisti, mecnieri da Ta-vis samSobloze uzomod Seyvarebuli kaci, rac mis ge-nialobas kidev erTxel usvams xazs.

ivane javaxiSvili da qarTuli samarTlis istoria

mas Semdeg, rac ivane javaxiSvili universitetidan gandevnis Semdeg ukan daabrunes, mas leqciebi saqarT-velos istoriaSi aRar waukiTxavs, mxolod ramdenime saa-


Ti misces iuridiul fakultetze, sadac qarTuli samarT-lis istorias kiTxulobda. am leqciebis TviTmxilvelebi da msmenelebi arian maSindeli pirvelkurselebi, dRes ukve cnobili mecnierebi da Tbilisis saxelmwifo univer-sitetis gamorCeuli saxeebi, akademikosebi mariam lorTq-ifaniZe da oTar jafariZe.

ai, rogor ixsenebs qalbatoni mariami ivane javaxiSvi-lis leqciebs: ̀ Tvalwin midgas misi auditoriaSi Semosvlis suraTi. Semovidoda didi sasmeni aparatiT da Savi `port-feliT~, dadebda am `portfels~ magidaze, amoalagebda baraTebs (rogorc iciT, is sabaraTe sistemiT muSaobda), daalagebda magidaze da iwyebda leqciis kiTxvas. jer deb-ulebas wamoayenebda da Semdeg am baraTebidan waikiTxavda sailustracio masalebs. xdeboda sxvagvaradac _ Tavda-pirvelad waikiTxavda amonawers baraTidan, Semdeg iwyebda mis ganzogadebas. amiT aCvevda studentebs _ rogor unda amosuliyvnen wyaroebidan. misi leqcia Znelad mosasmeni iyo. Tanac Cven maSin samarTlis istoriisa araferi gagveg-eboda, magram Zalian patiosnad davdiodiT da vusmendiT.

maxsendeba erTi SemTxveva. is yoveli leqciis bolos ramdenime wuTs itovebda SekiTxvebisTvis da radganac cu-dad esmoda, gvTxovda, rom SekiTxvebi werilobiT migve-wodebina. erT mSvenier dRes mas gadasces rveulis patara furceli. batonma ivanem xmamaRla waikiTxa SekiTxva: `ar-sebobs stalinis moZRvreba, rom qarTvelebi erad XIX sau-kunis 60-ian wlebSi Camoyalibdnen, Tqven saidan iwyebT qa-rTveli eris istorias?~ xom warmogidgeniaT, es ra wlebi iyo da ra samariseburi siCume Camovardeboda auditoria-Si? yvelas erTi fiqri gvitrialebda TavSi _ ra moxdeba? batonma ivanem wynarad aiRo es qaRaldi, dakeca, wvrilad daanakuwa, melnis CasadgamSi Cayara, Caalaga Tavisi baraTe-bi, mokida `portfels~ xeli da auditoriidan gavida... es iyo yvelaze marTebuli qmedeba _ ivane javaxiSvilma am SekiTxvis avtori pasuxis Rirsadac ar CaTvala. sabedni-erod, represiis wlebi ukve Cavlili iyo,~ _ ixsenebs ivane javaxiSvilis leqciiT monusxuli marika lorTqifaniZe.

`qarTuli samarTlis istoriis~ I tomi ivane javaxiS-vilma jer kidev 1919 wels gamosca da masSi mxolod mon-


RolTa Semosevamde periodi mimoixila, radgan gvian Sua-saukuneebis periodis Seswavla veRar moaswro.

Tanamedrove mecnierTa SefasebiT, ivane javaxiSvi-lis es wigni dResac saxelmZRvanelod miiCneva. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis pro-fesori, iuridiul mecnierebaTa doqtori nugzar sur-gulaZe ivane javaxiSvils qarTuli samarTlis istoriis pa-triarqs uwodebs da acxadebs, rom naSromiT, romelic jer kidev XIX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi gamoica, saqarTveloSi daiwyo mecniereba, romelsac samarTlis istoria hqvia.

_ batono nugzar, ra igulisxmeba ivane javaxiSvi-lis mier qarTuli samarTlis istoriis sistemur da fundamentalur SeswavlaSi, rac didma mecnierma uda-od pirvelma moaxerxa?

_ mis naSromSi samarTlis istoria ganxiluli da Seswavlilia misi yvela dargis da institutis gaTval-iswinebiT. naSromi iwyeba wyaroebis ganxilviT, rasac mos-devs iuridiuli, samarTlis da yvela samarTlebrivi in-stitutis aRmniSvneli terminebi, romlebzec cal-calke aqvs kvleva Catarebuli. aq gamoyenebulia ara marto qar-Tuli samarTlis Zeglebi, aramed sxva naratiuli wyaroe-bic. imdenad didi muSaobaa Catarebuli, rom wigni _ `qa-rTuli samarTlis istoria~ dResac safuZvlad iTvleba. dro rom gadis, wyaroebic icvleba da meTodebic, magram ivane javaxiSvilis es naSromebi dResac aqtualuria. maT studentebi da magistrantebi saswavlo da kvleviT lit-eraturad iyeneben. saerTodac, qarTuli samarTlis mkv-levari ivane javaxiSvils gverds ver auvlis. Cemi azriT, mas rom mxolod es erTi naSromi daetovebina, imdenad Rr-mad da safuZvlianad aqvs samarTlis istoria Seswavlili, mainc did mecnierad CaiTvleboda.

ivane javaxiSvili da anatomiis teminologia qarTulad

universitetis istoriis erT furcelze sul ori wi-nadadebiTaa miTiTebuli, rom universitetSi swavlis daw-


yebis sawyis etapze profesorma aleqsandre naTiSvilma qarTulad pirvelad waikiTxa leqcia anatomiaSi. leqciis momzadebas Tavisi patara istoria hqonia, romelic Tsu-is aleqsandre naTiSvilis morfologiis institutis direq-torma, profesorma dimitri korZaiam gviambo: `univer-siteti axali gaxsnili iyo da batoni aleqsandre anatomiaSi leqciis wasakiTxad emzadeboda. erTi dRiT adre masTan stumrad misula ivane javaxiSvili, romelsac ukiTxavs, ra enaze apirebda leqciis wakiTxvas. rusulado _ upasuxa Turme batonma aleqsandrem, radganac qarTulad anatomiis terminologia jer kidev ar iyo dadgenili. ̀ me da Sen axla aq imitom varT, rom darCenil droSi terminologia davadgi-noT da pirveli leqcia qarTulad waikiTxo. ase iqneba yove-li leqciis win da anatomiaSi leqciis qarTulad wakiTxvis problema aRar iarsebebso,~ _ uTqvams ivane javaxiSvils. marTlac, ori bumberazi mecnieri mTeli dRe da Rame muSao-bda Turme terminologiis dadgenaze. Sedegad _ aleqsan-dre naTiSvilma qarTulad waikiTxa pirveli leqcia. ciklis dasrulebis Semdeg ki ukve arsebobda anatomiuri termino-logia, ris safuZvelzec Seiqmna qarTulenovani saxelmZ-Rvanelo _ aleqsandre naTiSvilis `adamianis normaluri anatomia~, romelic dRes ukve qrestomaTiuli iSviaTobaa, magram anatomiis swavlebis moTxovnebs mainc akmayofilebs.

ivane javaxiSvili da musika

calke aRniSvnis Rirsia ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweo-ba qarTuli musikis istoriis SeswavlaSi. naSromSi, `qar-Tuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~ (1938 w.) man gaaanaliza qarTuli foklorisa da saeklesio sagalo-blebis istoria da paralelebi gaavlo aRmosavleTis sxva qveynebis musikalur tradiciebTan.

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, saqarTvelos mec-nierebaTa akademiis wevr korespondenti revaz siraZe naS-romSi `qarTuli kulturis safuZvlebi~, wers: `qarTuli kulturis istoriis kompleqsSi ivane javaxiSvili gansa-kuTrebul yuradRebas uTmobs musikis istoriis sakiTxebs.


is qarTul mravalxmi-anobas qarTuli warmar-Tuli sinamdvilidan mom-dinared miiCnevs. amiT mijnavs mas aRmosavlu-robisgan da amasTanave, dasavleTevropuli po-lifoniisagan mis gansx-vavebulobasac warmo-aCens. ivane javaxiSvils naCvenebi aqvs musikaSi saeroO da sasuliero na-

kadTa urTierTmimarTeba da keTilmyofeluri urTierTz-egavlena, aseve, maT Soris arsebuli dapirispireba da gan-viTarebis Seferxebac. kerZod, qristianobis Semosvlis Semdeg saeklesio praqtikaSi fsalmunTa danergvas calxma sagaloblis gavrceleba gamouwvevia. ase grZeldeboda me-7 saukunemde. ivane javaxiSvils warmarTuli tradiciebis gamarjvebad miaCnia, rom SemdgomSi qarTuli sagaloblebis mravalxmianoba aRdga. es rom berZnulis gavleniT ar momx-dara, ZvelqarTuli wyaroebiT dasturdeba. saerTodac, ivane javaxiSvili mravali magaliTiT gviCvenebs, Tu ra-oden Segnebuli hqondaT Zvel saqarTveloSi qarTulsa da berZnul sagaloblebs Soris arsebuli gansxvaveba.

ase rom, ivane javaxiSvilis Ziebani qarTuli musi-kis magaliTzec gviCvenebs aRmosavlurisagan gamijvnis kulturul-istoriul tendencias da es sruliad ar iyo gamowveuli sparseTisadmi politikuri dapirispirebiT. piriqiT, literaturaSi sparsofilobas yvelaze mkveTrad amJRavnebda Teimuraz pirveli, romelic politikurad sparseTs upirispirdeboda. aRmsarebloba ar iyo am Sem-TxvevaSi wamyvani, mTavari iyo qarTuli Sinagani bunebis tipoligiuri gansxvavebuloba aRmosavlurobisgan.~.

garda samecniero moRvaweobisa, ivane javaxiSvili CarTuli iyo sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi, romelic qar-Tuli musikis ganviTarebas, momavali musikaTmcodneebisa da saSemsruleblo xelovnebis warmomadgenelTa aRzrdas iTvaliswinebda.

qarTuli musikis istoriis sakiTxebi, ivane javaxiSvilis avtografi


bevrma SesaZloa arc icodes, rom saqarTvelos kon-servatoria ivane javaxiSvilis didi mxardaWeriTa da Za-lisxmeviT daarsda. is dainteresebuli iyo am musikaluri saswavleblis racionaluri mowyobiT, ris gamoc 1922 wels sagangebo moxsenebiT mimarTa saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sa-mecniero sabWos. ivane javaxiSvili mkveTrad gamohyofda im or mizans, romelic saqarTvelos konservatorias unda hqonoda. igi werda: erTi mxriv, konservatoria `musikal-uri Semoqmedebisa da kvleva-Ziebis im kerad unda gaxdes, romelic sxvebs axal gzebs daanaxvebs, saukeTeso magaliTs miscems da musikis xelovnebis warmatebas saTaveSi Caudge-ba~, meore mxriv ki `konservatoria unda iyos saukeTeso umaRlesi saswavlebeli~. ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, konser-vatoriaSi yuradReba unda miqceoda Zveli qarTuli musikis mecnierul Seswavlas da axlis ganviTarebas, aseve mezoblad mcxovrebi xalxebis _ somxebis, mTielTa, sparselebis, Turqebis da sxvaTa musikis Seswavlas. ivane javaxiSvili konservatoriis saswavlo gegmas sam nawilad hyofda: 1) musikis Teoriuli sagnebi, musikaluri Semoqmedebis Teor-ia da istoria, 2) sakravebis musika, 3) simRera-galoba. ivane javaxiSvilis es mosazrebebi praqtikuli da arsebiTi xa-siaTisa iyo. is naTlad xedavda, rogor unda momxdariyo saqarTveloSi musikaluri xelovnebis ganviTareba da ami-tomac mis wvlils konservatoriis daarsebasa da saswavlo programebis SedgenaSi dResac ar iviwyeben.

Cven gavesaubreT Tbilisis vano sarajiSvilis saxelo-bis saxelmwifo konservatoriis reqtors, cnobil musikos-sa da pianists manana doijaSvils da vTxoveT, oriode sityviT Seefasebina ivane javaxiSvilis damsaxureba kon-servatoriisa da zogadad qarTuli musikis winaSe:

_ qalbatono manana, cnobilia, rom ivane javaxiS-

vilma didi amagi gaswia konservatoriis daarsebisa da mis mowyobisaTvis. Tqven rogor SeafasebT mis Rvawls, ramdenad axsovT ivane javaxiSvili am kedlebSi?

_ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom praqtikulad ivane javaxiS-vilis modeliT Seiqmna Tbilisis saxelmwifo konserva-toria. dargebi, romelic man Tavidanve dagegma, dResac


muSaobs. misi SorsmWvreteloba, misi goni, misi araCveu-lebrivi Wkua da gamWriaxoba gaocebas iwvves.

garda imisa, rom is daexmara konservatorias _ yo-filiyo kavkasiaSi pirveli evropuli tipis umaRlesi sas-wavlebeli, Tavadac bevri ram SesZina musikis istorias. cnobilia, rom is dadioda eqspediciebSi da agrovebda polifoniur simRerebs, rac Semdeg gaaanaliza da SesaniS-navi wigni gamosca am sakiTxebze.

imdenad daxvewili musikaluri gemovnebis patroni iyo, rom zaqaria faliaSvili endoboda da rCevas sTxovda. faliaSvils da ivane javaxiSvils didi megoboba akavSireb-da, amitomac daisis~ da `abesalom da eTeris~ pirveli mosmenebi ivane javaxiSvilis TandaswrebiT gaimarTa.

_ amboben, rom Tavadac SesaniSnavad ukravda..._ diax, ase iyo. mas hqonda maSin saqarTveloSi erTad-

erTi stradivariusis violino, romelzec ukravda. es vio-lino dRes muzeumSi inaxeba.

_ aris Tu ara konservatoriaSi raime gansakuTreb-uli tradicia, romelic studentebs ivane javaxiSvi-lis Rvawls Seaxsenebs?

_ Cven batoni ivanes saxelTan sruliad gansakuTreb-uli damokidebuleba gvaqvs. amitomac misi gardacvalebis

xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi daculi violino ivane javaxiSvilis piradi nivTebidan


TariRi konservatoriis did darbazSi koncertiT aRvniS-neT da davamTxvieT swored im dResa da im wuTebs, roca is leqcias kiTxulobda. simboluri iyo, rom koncertis dRes, daaxloebiT 10-is naxevrisTvis, roca is gardaicv-ala, glovis zaric ki davrekeT misi xsovnis sapativcemu-lod.

ivane javaxiSvili konservatoriis yvela profesor-maswavleblisa da studentisTvis didi figuraa da misi saxeli Taobidan Taobaze unda gadadiodes, rom ar gaqres is Rvawli, rac man gaswia konservatoriis daarsebis saqme-Si.

maia toraZegazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~

Jurnalisti, asocirebuli profesori`Tbilisis universiteti~, 23 aprili, 2011 w.

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis medali


g 8 h

ivane javaxiSvili empiriuli sociologiis saTaveebTan

saqarTveloSi

ivane javaxiSvils Tavisi fasdaudebeli wvlili ara mxolod qarTuli istoriografiis, aramed me-20 saukunis qarTuli sociologiuri azris ganviTarebaSic aqvs Set-anili.

me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi sociologiuri azrovneba saqarTveloSi, ZiriTadad, Teoriul ganzomilebaSi moZ-raobda, empiriuli sociologia (konkretuli sociolo-giuri kvlevebi) TiTqos arc miiCneoda seriozuli mecni-eruli saqmianobis Semadgenel nawilad. es ar iyo mxolod saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli tendencia. sayovelTa-od aRiarebulia, rom TviT dasavleTSi (evropasa da ameri-kaSi) gamoyenebiTi sociologia saTaves iRebs Tomasisa da znaneckis saxelganTqmuli gamokvlevidan „poloneli glexi evropasa da amerikaSi“, romelic ramdenime tomad 1918-1921 wlebSi gamoqveynda. Tumca, dasavleTma gac-ilebiT ufro adre gaigo empiriuli sociologiis „gemo“, vidre saqarTvelom. gamoyenebiT sociologias saqarT-veloSi didxans, me-20 saukunis dasasrulamde gahyveba erTgvari „marginaluri disciplinis“ stigma, miuxedavad imisa, rom gamoyenebiTi sociologiis erT-erTi pirveli kaTedra yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi swored saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda 1968 wels (profesor venori qvaCaxias xelmZ-RvanelobiT).

empiriuli sociologiis mimarT erTgvari nihilistu-ri damokidebulebis miuxedavad, faqtia, rom ivane javax-iSvilma peterbugis universitetSi moRvaweobisas (privat docentis statusiT) 3 empiriuli sociologiuri gamokv-leva Caatara. erTi eZRvneba qarTuli soflis problemebis Seswavlas („sofluri gansaxlebis Semecnebas“), xolo Sem-degi ori _ im qarTvel axalgazrdobas, romelic saswav-


leblad imyofeboda ruseTisa da dasavleT evropis umaR-les saswavleblebSi. orive Tema sakmaod aqtualuri iyo imdroindeli saqarTvelosTvis: saqarTvelo, romelic upiratesad agrarul qveyanas warmoadgenda, realurad idga axlad Casaxuli kapitalizmis da industrializaciis gamowvevebis winaSe. diskusiebi imarTeboda imis garSemo, Tu ra perspeqtiva aqvs qarTuli soflis ganviTarebas, ra bedi eweva qarTvel glexs kars momdgari industrializa-ciisa da urbanizaciis pirobebSi. aqtualuri iyo axalgaz-rdobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebic. saqarTveloSi umaRlesi saswavleblebis ararsebobis gamo, qarTvel axalgazrdebs umaRlesi ganaTlebis miReba uxdebodaT ruseTsa da evropaSi. ivane javaxiSvils ainteresebda, ra gavlenas axdenda rusuli da evropuli garemo qarTvel ax-algazrdebze, xdeboda Tu ara maTi distancireba saqarT-velosgan, narCundeboda Tu ara maTSi „qarTluli suli“ da saqarTvelos interesebisTvis samsaxuris motivacia.

qarTuli soflis problemebis empiuli sociologi-uri SeswavlisaTvis ivane javaxiSvilma 1910 wels Seadgina anketa, romlis dizainic gamoqveynda gazeT „droebaSi“ (#117). es iyo kompleqsuri anketa, romelic moicavda SekiTxvebs qarTuli soflis ekonomikur, socialur da yoveldRiur cxovrebaze, geografiul mdebareobaze, soflis macxovreblebis saganmanaTleblo cenzze, sof-lis administraciis, agreTve, eklesiis gavlenaze da maTi Senaxvis xarjebze, soflis ojaxis Semosavlebsa da danax-arjebze, miwisadmi damokidebulebaze da a.S. mTlianobaSi anketa Sedgeboda 31 Tematuri blokisagan. savele samuS-aoebis ganmaxorcieleblad (interviuerebad) ivane ja-vaxiSvilma moiwvia qarTveli umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone adamianebi, ZiriTadad, pedagogebi, agreTve, ruseTis umaR-lesi saswavleblebis studentebi, romlebic zafxulis ardadagebs atarebdnen saqarTveloSi. empiriuli kvleva Catarda guriis, qarTlis, imereTisa da kaxeTis Semdeg 9 sofelSi: askana, eqadia, dvabzu (guriis soflebi); qvitiri, maTxoji, sawulukiZeo, simoneTi (imereTis soflebi); ara-deTi (qarTlSi) da gremi (kaxeTSi). socialuri kvlevis Tanamedrove standartebis mixedviT, Znelia ilaparako


ivane javaxiSvilis mier soflis problemebze Catarebuli kvlevis reprezentatulobaze, Tumca, es kvleva udavod Rirebuli da unikaluria imdroindel qarTul sofelze (zogadad, ruralur yofaze) empiriuli monacemebis Se-grovebis da maTi gaanalizebis TvalsazrisiT. es mokle statia ar aris ganzraxuli kvlevis Sedegebis aRsawerad. Tumca, aucileblad unda iTqvas, rom ivane javaxiSvilis kvlevebis safuZvelze aRwerili sofeli gacilebiT ufro did rols TamaSobs saqarTvelos ekonomikuri cxovrebis struqturaSi, aseve, soflis mcxovrebTa socialuri sta-tusi (dasaqmebis, Temis cxovrebaSi CarTvis, motivire-bulobis da sxv. TvalsazrisiT) gacilebiT STambeWdavad gamoiyureba, vidre es soflis meurneobis dRevandel md-gomareobaze da soflis mcxovrebTa motivirebulobaze SeiZleba iTqvas.

rac Seexeba studenti axalgazrdobis problemebis so-ciologiur Seswavlas, ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnuli kvle-vis ganxorcielebas 1912 wlidan iwyebs. kvlevis obieqtia rogorc ruseTis, ise evropis sxvadasxva qveynis umaRlesi saswavleblebis qarTveli studentebi. kvleva aqac anke-tirebis formiT tardeba. ivane javaxiSvilma ori kiTxvari moamzada: erTi 15 SekiTxvisagan Sedgeboda, xolo meore _ 57 SekiTxvisagan. jerjerobiT moZiebulia 15 SekiTxvisagan Semdgari anketa, romelic miznad isaxavs „qarTveli stu-dentebis yofa-cxovrebis gamokvlevas“. anketis safuZ-velze SesaZlebeli gaxda qarTveli studentebis Sesaxeb rogorc obieqturi (socialur-demografiuli xasiaTis) informaciis (universiteti, fakulteti, specialoba, eko-nomikuri mdgomareoba da a.S.), ise ganwyobiTi da atitu-duri monacemebis mopoveba (studentebis kavSiri erovnul kulturasTan, samSobloSi dabrunebis da iq moRvaweobis, qarTulad metyvelebis, Cvevebis SenarCunebis survili da a.S.). kvlevis Catarebas bevri obieqturi Tu subieqturi winaaRmdegoba Sexvda: ruseTis caristuli reJimis Jan-darmeria yovelTvis mtrulad iyo ganwyobili nebismieri ararusi erovnebis moqalaqeTa koleqtiuri (maT Soris _ werilobiTi) kavSirebis mimarT, studentebisagan iTxovda nebarTvis aRebas nebismier koleqtiur saqmianobaSi (mo-


cemul SemTxvevaSi, gamokiTxvaSi) CarTvisaTvis; anketire-bas xels uSlida, agreTve, studentebis mobiloba erTi qalaqidan meoreSi, ris gamoc anketebi adresatamde ver aRwevda, uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia aseve qarTvel stu-dentTa garkveuli nawilis gulgrilobamac gamokiTxvaSi monawileobaze, kiTxvaris dawunebam da a.S. miuxedavad siZneleebisa, ivane javaxiSvilma mainc SeZlo 1000-mde studentis gamokiTxva. samwuxarod, gamokiTxvis Sedegebis analitikur angariSs jerejerobiT qarTvelma mecniereb-ma ver miakvlies (am mimarTulebiT gansakuTrebiT aqti-urobda profesori eduard kodua, romelmac pirvelad ikvlia ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweobis es aspeqti da 1997 wels gamoaqveyna naSromi „ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweobis sociologiuri da istoriis filosofiuri Ziebani“).

is sakiTxebi, romelTa kvlevac ivane javaxiSvilma em-piriuli sociologiuri kvlevis meTodebiT ganizraxa, dResac sakmaod aqtualuria. saqarTveloSi sociologi-uri kvlevebis praqtika gvkarnaxobs, rom qarTveli so-ciologebi ar arian damoukidebelni kvlevis Tematikis arCevaSi da, rogorc wesi, es donorTa interesebis gaT-valiswinebiT xdeba. samwuxarod, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis potenciali da resursebi ar aris efeqtu-rad gamoyenebuli empiriuli samecniero kvlevebis war-moebisTvis. arada, udavod saintereso iqneboda qarTuli soflis da ucxoeTSi saswavleblad wasuli axalgazrdebis problemebis sociologiuri Seswavla, rac 100-wliani intervalis (rac ivane javaxiSvilis mier Catarebul kv-levebTan gvaSorebs) gaTvaliswinebiT, SedarebiTi anal-izis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas mogvcemda, sul mcire, ten-deciebis cvlilebis doneze.

iago kaWkaWiSviliTsu-is profesori, sociologiisa da

socialuri muSaobis mimarTulebisxelmZRvaneli

`Tbilisis universiteti~, 23 aprili, 2011 w.)


g 9 h

miCqmaluli simarTle ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierTobaSi

………………ruseTis xelisuflebis imperialisturi buneba da misi

mudmivi cru dapirebebis damRupveli Sedegebi ar gamo-parvia ivane javaxiSvils, romelic saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis istorias ikvlevs da Tavis naSromebSi utyu-ari faqtebis moSveliebiT cdilobs _ Tvali auxilos ru-seTis dapirebebis maradiul msxverpls _ qarTvelobas. ivane javaxiSvilma, im periodSi, pirvelma moaxerxa qar-Tuli istoriografiisTvis, realur monacemebze dayrd-nobiT, sasunTqi arxi gaexsna da sazogadoeba istoriuli simarTlisaTvis eziarebina. mecnieris amgvari mcdeloba, ruseTis imperiis arsebobis pirobebSi, marTlac, prin-cipuli da uSiSari gadawyvetileba iyo. ruseTis `mfarv-elobiT~ gabruebuli qarTveli mefeebis politikuri Secdomebisa da TviT 1783 wlis `georgievskis traqtatis~ kraxis aRiareba riski iyo im mecnierisTvis, romelic arc Tu daculad grZnobda Tavs damoukidebel saqarTvelo-Si. marTalia es naSromebi ivane javaxiSvilma 1919 wels dawera, maSin, roca ruseTs CvenTvis maincdamainc ar eca-la, magram maleve dadga am gamokvlevaTa gansjis droc, Tumca ivane, misi avtoritetis wyalobiT, represiebs gad-aurCa da mxolod devnilad iqca missave daarsebul uni-versitetSi.

gavrcelebulia Tvalsazrisi imis Taobaze, rom ivane javaxiSvilma saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis isto-riisadmi miZRvnili orive naSromi _ `urTierToba ru-seTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVII saukuneSi~ (1919 w.) da `damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVIII sau-kuneSi (1919 w.)~ dawera saqarTvelos demokratiuli re-spublikis (1918-1921 ww.) mTavrobis dakveTiT, ris gamoc, TiTqos, am naSromebs seriozuli mecnieruli Rirebuleba


ar gaaCniaT. mavani da mavani dResac amtkicebs, rom ivane javaxiSvilma saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis istoria ise warmoaCina, rogorc es sabWoTa ruseTTan mkveTrad da-pirispirebul saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis xelisuflebas surda. am Sexedulebis momxreni iSvelieben erTaderT arguments: ivane javaxiSvili ar iyo saqarTve-lo-ruseTis urTierTobis istoriis mkvlevari da ratom maincdamainc saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis arsebobis periodSi, 1919 wels, gauCnda am sakiTxis kvle-vis survili? _ javaxiSvilis cilismwamebelTa intrig-anuli gamosvlebi swored imis dasturia, rom ivane javax-iSvilma mizanSi gaartya da mogvca saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis obieqturi suraTi. aRsaniSnavia, rom misi yvela daskvna mecnierulia da gamomdinareobs arsebuli dokumentebidan da masalebidan. ivane javaxiSvilma savse-biT sworad warmoadgina ruseTis kavkasiuri politika XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi, mefeebis Teimuraz I-is, vaxtang VI-is, erekle II-is, giorgi XII-is urTierToba ruseTTan. amasTan erTad ivane javaxiSvilma sando dokumentebsa da masale-bze dayrdnobiT aCvena qarTuli samefo samTavroebisaT-vis prorusuli sagareo-politikuri orientaciis dam-Rupveli Sedegebi.

ivane javaxiSvilis naSromi `urTierToba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVII saukuneSi~ eZRvneba erT konkret-ul sakiTxs _ Teimuraz I-is urTierTobas ruseTis samefo karTan. ufro zustad, naSromi iwyeba 1635 wlis ambebiT da mTavrdeba 1649 wlis movlenebiT, e.i. moicavs saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis istoriis mxolod ToTxmetwlian periods.

naSromis umTavresi daskvna aseTia: ruseTis samefo kars azradac ar mosvlia umZimes mdgomareobaSi Cavard-nili, iranis Sahisagan devnili Teimuraz I-isa da kaxeTis samefosaTvis samxedro, politikuri da finansuri dax-mareba. amasTan erTad, ruseTis mefe cru dapirebiT aR-wevda imas, rom Teimuraz I-s prorusuli orientacia ar Seecvala, rac iranis morigi agresiis mizezi xdeboda.

ra konkretul braldebas uyenebs ivane javaxiSvili ruseTis samefo kars? ruseTis mier kaxeTis samefos mimarT


politikuri mxardaWeris gamoxatva da samxedro dax-marebis aRmoCena, cxadia, ruseTisaTvis did safrTx-es (iran-osmaleTTan urT-ierTobis garTulebas) moaswavebda. ruseTis samefo kari rom kaxeTis samefosaTvis iranTan da osmaleTTan urTierTobis garTulebas erideboda, amaSi moulodneli araferi iyo. ivane javaxiSvili ru-seTis samefo kars brals sdebda imaSi, rom Teimuraz I-s realuri daxmareba ar aRmouCines da mxolod cru dapirebebiT anugeSebdnen. es ki Teimuraz I-s xels uSl-ida, ruseTis mxridan sruli gulgrilobis viTarebaSi, xeli aeRo prorusul ori-entaciaze da qveynis xsnis sxva gza aerCia _ iranTan da osmaleTTan urTierTo-ba moegvarebina.

ivane javaxiSvili ara marto ruseTis mefis mix-eil romanovis politikas, saqarTveloSi gamogzavni-li rusi elCebisa da sam-Rvdeloebis moRvaweobas amxels, aramed aSkarad mi-aniSnebs Teimuraz I-is mier diplomatiur sarbielze daSvebul Secdomebze. erT-erT aseT konkretul Sec-domad mkvlevars ruseTSi

Teimuraz I

vaxtang VI

erekle II


gagzavnili elCobis meTaurad berZeni mitropolitis _ nikifores daniSvna miaCnia. ivane javaxiSvili seriozu-lad dainteresda `viRac osmaloeli berZeni beris~ (mit-ropolit nikifores) pirovnebiT. igi kaxeTis mefis elCs `yovlad umweo da ubadruk~ pirovnebad miiCnevs. garda amisa, mkvlevari mitropolit nikifores yalbismqmnelad Tvlis. cxadia, Teimuraz I-is elCi ruseTis samefo karis mier iyo gadabirebuli da Teimuraz I-sa da misi dideb-ulebisa da mRvdelmTavrebis winaSe ruseTis interesebs icavda.

ivane javaxiSvilma savsebiT kanonzomierad dasva kiTxvebi: ras emyareboda Teimuraz I-is prorusuli ori-entacia? ratom hqonda kaxeTis mefes ruseTis daxmarebis imedi? icnobdnen ki qarTvelebi im qveyanas (ruseTs), visi daxmarebis imedic hqondaT? sainteresoa ivane javaxiS-vilis daskvna imis Taobaze, rom ruseTis Sesaxeb kaxeTis samefo karze arsebul araobieqtur (araswor) informa-cias daemyara araswori sagareo politikuri kursi. gau-azrebel, dausabuTebel prorusul sagareo politikur


kurss Teimuraz I-Tvis da kaxeTis samefosaTvis tragiku-li Sedegi mohyva. Teimuraz I-is prorusuli orientaciiT gaRizianebuli iranis winaSe kaxeTis samefo martodmarto darCa. sruliad bunebrivad ismis kiTxva: Seqmnil viTare-baSi SeiZleboda Tu ara Teimuraz I-is prorusul politi-kur orientacias raime dadebiTi Sedegi mohyoloda? cxa-dia, ara! ufro metic. Teimuraz I-ma katastrofis piramde miiyvana kaxeTis samefo da, sabolood, mTeli saqarTvelo.

agrZelebs Tu ara am naSroms ideurad da Sinaarso-brivad ivane javaxiSvilis meore naSromi: `damokidebule-ba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVIII saukuneSi~? masSi ivane javaxiSvils kidev ufro rTuli, saWirboroto kiTx-vebisaTvis unda gaeca pasuxi. Sesafasebeli iyo vaxtang VI-isa da erekle II-is prorusuli politika.

naSroms `damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVIII saukuneSi~ safuZvlad daedo, rogorc qarTu-li saistorio wyaroebi _ matianeebi (sexnia CxeiZe, papu-na orbeliani, oman xerxeuliZe), ise ruseTis arqivebSi p. butkovis, a. cagarelis, n. dubrovinis, s. burnaSevis mier moZiebuli da gamoqveynebuli pirvelxarisxovani masale-bi, maT Soris qarTveli mefeebis mier ruseTis saimpera-toro karze gagzavnili werilebi.

ivane javaxiSvili naSroms iwyebs vaxtang VI-is moR-vaweobis pirveli periodis daxasiaTebiT. marTalia, ivane javaxiSvili ver malavs Tavis aRtacebas vaxtang VI-is kul-turul-saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobiT, magram amasTan erTad mas pasuxi unda gaeca kiTxvaze: swori iyo Tu ara `ruseTis politikuri daxmarebis moimedeoba vaxtang VI-is dros saqarTveloSi~ da rogori iyo misi Sedegebi?

1722 wels ruseTis imperator petre I-sa da qarTlis mefis vaxtang VI-s Soris samxedro-politikuri kavSiris dadebas ivane javaxiSvili Secdomad miiCnevs. igi savsebiT sworad Tvlis, rom 1722 wlisaTvis ruseTi iranTan oms ar apirebda da, amdenad, vaxtang VI-s iranis agresiisgan ver daicavda. petre I-is mier 1722 wels iranze laSqrobis Sewyveta da vaxtang VI-is iranis winaaRmdeg martodmarto datovebas ivane javaxiSvili moulodnelad ar miiCnevs. mecnieri Tvlis, rom vaxtang VI-s meti windaxeduleba unda


gamoeCina, gaeTvaliswinebina qarTlis samefo darbazis azri da sabediswero nabiji ar gadaedga. ruseTis saim-peratoro karis kavkasiur politikaSi Cauxedavi qarTlis mefe gaumarTlebel riskze wavida da Sedegmac ar daayov-na. vaxtang VI-m gvian Seityo, rom petre I iranis winaaRmdeg laSqrobas wyvetda. es gadawyvetileba ruseTis impera-torma qarTlis mefesTan TaTbiris gareSe miiRo.

ivane javaxiSvili vaxtang VI-is prorusul orienta-cias sabolood aseT Sefasebas aZlevs: `meore mxriT, gana sparseTs ki SeeZlo saqarTvelosTvis misi moqmedeba epa-tiebina? sparseTis Sahs vaxtang mefeze moaxsenes: is imde-nad àris mteri Seni~, rom èymo xelmwifesa ruseTisasa~ da àmoswyvita sjulisa Senisa mosavnio~. saqarTvelo ga-didebisa da gaZlierebis magier mtris saTareSod gaxda: qarTli aoxrda da osmalebs Cauvarda xelSi, lekebma xalxs Zarcva-gleja dauwyes. vaxtang mefes, romelsac saqarT-velos saxelmwifoebrivi, kulturuli da ekonomiuri aRorZinebisaTvis dauRalavi Sroma hqonda gaweuli da qveynis aRmSeneblobiTi muSaobiT iyo gatacebuli, petre I-isagan ase motyuebulsa da yovlad umweod mitovebuls saqarTvelodan gaxizvnis meti aRaraferi darCenoda. qa-rTlSi osmalebi gabatondnen~, _ wers ivane javaxiSvili.

ivane javaxiSvilis daskvna eWvs ar iwvevs, Tumca mas ar iziarebs Tanamedrove rusuli istoriografia, ro-melic didis mondomebiT cdilobs gaamarTlos petre I-is moqmedeba. ivane javaxiSvilisaTvis ki petre I-is moqmede-bas aranairi gamarTleba ar hqonda: `rodesac petre I-ma dainaxa, rom osmaleTi rusTa samxedro moqmedebiT spar-seTSi imdenad ganrisxebuli iyo, rom ruseTisaTvis omis gamocxadebas apirebda, 12 ivniss, 1724 wels, swrafad os-maleTTan zavi Sehkra, romlis pirvel muxlSi rusTa xelm-wifem mTeli aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo osmaleTs dauTmo, Tumca igi mas srulebiTac ar ekuTvnoda. ase ukuRmar-Tad damTavrda saqarTvelosTvis rusTa xelmwifis mier aRTqmuli aRmosavleTis qristianTa mfarveloba: jer Tavis sasargeblod qarTvelTa omSi CaTreviT da Semdeg mtris winaSe umweod mitovebiTa da mtrisTvis gacemiT~, _ vkiTxulobT naSromSi.


petre I-is `sruli portretis~ Seqmnis mizniT ivane ja-vaxiSvili wers: `petre didma iseTi umadurobac ki gamoiC-ina, rom mis mierve motyuebuli da gaubedurebuli mefe vaxtangisTvis Sesaferisi TavSesafarisa da sacxovrebeli adgilis miCena ar nebavda. rodesac vaxtang VI-em Tavisi ojaxobiT aStraxanSi dasaxlebis nebarTva iTxova, petre I garisxebuli iyo: daxedeT, ubedurebis drosac mefe mainc ampartavnobas ar iSliso. ruseTis mefis azriT, vaxtang VI sadme saqarTvelos sazRvris maxloblad unda dasaxlebu-liyo da swored asec moxdeboda, aStraxanis gubernators rom gulubryviloba ar gamoeCina da xelmwifis daukiTxa-vad petres saxeliT vaxtangisaTvis misi survilis asrule-ba ar aReTqva~.

rogor SeiZleba Sefasdes vaxtang VI-is prorusuli orientacia da qarTlis samefosa da ruseTis samxedro-politikuri kavSiri? vaxtang VI-is prorusuli orienta-cia ar emyareboda realur gaTvlebs, samxreT kavkasiaSi iran-osmaleT-ruseTis dapirispirebis Sedegad imxanad Seqmnili viTarebisa da movlenaTa mosalodneli ganviTa-rebis analizs. ivane javaxiSvilis am daskvnis WeSmarite-baSi eWvis Setana ar SeiZleba. rogor SeiZleba Sefasdes petre I moqmedeba? petre I-ma iranisa da osmaleTis winaaR-mdeg martodmarto miatova Tavisi samxedro-politikuri mokavSire vaxtang VI da ara Tu samxedro ZaliT, aramed diplomatiuri saSualebebiTac ki ar ucdia mokavSiris dacva. es iyo Ralati! _ ivane javaxiSvilis verc am daskv-nis WeSmaritebas daayenebs vinme eWvqveS.

ivane javaxiSvili ar svams sakiTxs, Tu ram aiZula erekle II momgebiani proiranuli politika didi riskis Semcveli prorusuli politikiT Seecvala. samagierod, naSromSi savsebiT cxadadaa miniSnebuli, rom erekle II sabediswero nabijs ar gadadgamda da ruseT-osmaleTis 1768-1774 wlebis omSi ar Caebmeboda, rom ara dawola ru-seTis mxridan. erekle II-is ruseTis mxareze omSi Cabma ivane javaxiSvils mainc gaumarTleblad miaCnda. erekle II aSkarad aCqarda, man ruseTis damkvidreba samxreT ka-vkasiaSi realobad miiCnia. osmaleTis winaaRmdeg ruseTis mxareze omSi monawileobiT qarTl-kaxeTis samefom ara


marto osmaleTi aimxedra, aramed iranTanac gairTula urTierToba. mogebuli darCa mxolod ruseTis imperia: `ruseTma Tavis mizans miaRwia, osmaleTis omis safrTxe zavis gamo ukve aRar arsebobda. amitom saqarTvelosac misTvis mniSvneloba ar hqonda da danapirebi mfarvelo-bis gaweva TiTqos daiviwya kidec. sxva saSualeba aRar iyo, saqarTvelos isev Tavisi sakuTari ZaliT da gamWriaxobiT unda moewyo Zlier mezoblebTan ase moufiqrebliv gafu-Webuli damokidebuleba~, _ vkiTxulobT naSromSi.

ivane javaxiSvili, cxadia, gverds ver auvlida geor-gievskis traqtats (1783 w.). igi georgievskis traqtati-sadmi miZRvnil paragrafSi ar svams sakiTxs: momgebiani iyo Tu ara qarTl-kaxeTis samefosaTvis georgievskis traqtatis dadeba? warmoadgenda Tu ara georgievskis traqtati qveynis xsnis gzas? SeiZleboda Tu ara xsnis sxva gza aerCia erekle II-s? samagierod, momdevno paragrafi (`1783 w. xelSekrulebis Sedegi~) pirdapir aseTi daskvniT iwyeba: `1783 w. xelSekrulebis Semdeg politikuri mdgo-mareoba gaumjobesebis magier saSinlad gauaresda. xma am xelSekrulebas da ruseTis saxelmwifos mfarvelobas didi hqonda, saqmiT ki Zalian mciredi iyo is daxmareba, romelic ruseTis mxriT saqarTvelos aRmoeCina. xelSek-rulebis Tanaxmad saqarTveloSi 2 batalioni rusis jari movida. samagierod SeeqmnaT `SiSneuloba mxedrobis gamo ruseTisa~ azerbaijanis xanebs, romelTac winaT, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, mefe ereklesTan kargi ganwyobileba hqon-da. maT saRi alRoTi igrZnes, rom saqme marto saqarT-velos mfarvelobiT ar gaTavdeboda da amas aucileblad mohyveboda maTi `dapyroba ZaliTa rosiis mxedrobisaTa~. am mosalodneli gansacdelis winaSe azerbaijanis xanebma erTierTmaneTis mteroba daiviwyes da SeeqmnaT erTierT-maneTisadmi `dafarviT din-Taslibisa Tanxmoba~. rogorc vxedavT, georgievskis traqtatis Sedegebs ivane javaxiS-vili uaryofiTad afasebs.

1783-1795 wlebSi qarTl-kaxeTis sagareo mdgomareo-bis gauaresebas da samefo xelisuflebis dasustebas ivane javaxiSvili araswori sagareo politikuri kursis (geor-gievskis traqtatis) uSualo Sedegad Tvlis. aRa-mahmad


xanis laSqrobas, krwanisis brZolaSi qarTvelTa marcxs da Tbilisis aoxrebas (1795 w.) mecnieri ruseTis mier na-kisri valdebulebis Seusruleblobis Sedegad miiCnevs.

ruseTis damokidebuleba qarTveli eris bedisadmi da ruseTis kavkasiuri politikis namdvili miznebi savsebiT cxadi iyo ivane javaxiSvilisaTvis: `ruseTis mTavrobis gulis siRrmes ar moxvedria qarTveli eris miswrafeba, misi dawinaurebuli, ganaTlebuli yofa-cxovrebis dauS-reteli wyurvili da mudmivi ltolva Tavisuflebisadmi. ara, ruseTi saqarTvelos ise uyurebda, rogorc kargs iaraRs, romelic saWiroebisamebr SeiZleboda mSveni-erad gamoeyenebina Tavis sasargeblod. es azri TviT ru-seTis mTavrobas aqvs sruli gulaxdilobiT gamoTqmuli graf. n. paninis piriT erTs saidumlo miwerilobaSi, ro-melic man saxelmZRvanelod saqarTveloSi myofs ruseTis warmomadgenels general totlebens gamougzavna: unda ecadoT saqme saqarTveloSi ise moawyoT, rom yvelaferi Cveni `xelmZRvanelobiT xdebodes~, TviT qarTvelebs ki ise egonoT, viTomc isini TavianTi mTavrobis gankargule-bas asrulebdnen, TviT mTavrobac darwmunebuli iyos, TiTqos yvelaferi misi survilisa da nebis Tanaxmad xde-bodes, erTi sityviT, yoveli Cveni wadili ganxorcieldes, magram imnairiad ki, rom suli aqauri (e. i. rusuli) iyos, sxeuli ki qarTulio. maSasadame, ruseTis mTavrobas un-doda, rom qarTvelebi usulo iaraRiviT gamoeyenebina Ta-visi politikuri miznebisa da zraxvebis misaRwevad~.

ra mizezebma ganapiroba erekle II-is prorusuli ori-entaciis marcxi? mizezi bevria. maTgan erT-erTad ivane javaxiSvili qarTveli politikosebis, qarTveli dip-lomatebis mier daSvebul Secdomebs miiCnevs. ruseTis saimperatoro karis veragul zraxvebs alRo ver auRes qarTvelebma: `maSindeli qarTveloba karga xans am gare-moebas ver amCnevda da gulwrfelad darwmunebuli iyo, rom rusTa xelmwifes da mTavrobas saqarTvelosTvis marTlac guli Sestkioda da misi mwuxareba Tavis mwux-arebad miaCnda. amgvari ganusazRvreli da dauSreteli rusebisadmi ndoba imaze iyo damyarebuli, rom saqarT-velos imdroindeli mtrebi sparseT-osmaleTi mahmadi-


anebi iyvnen, ruseTi ki, viTarca qarTvelTa erTmorwmune saxelmwifo, TavianT bunebriv mokavSired miaCndaT~.

ramdenadac mware ar unda iyos CvenTvis ivane javaxiS-viliseuli daskvna qarTveli politikosebisa, qarTveli diplomatebis araprofesionalizmis, pirdapir vTqvaT, uunarobis Taobaze, igi zustad asaxavs sinamdviles da aranairad ar SeiZleba gadaWarbebulad, mikerZoebulad CaiTvalos. ivane javaxiSvili logikur kavSirs xedavs er-ekle II-is prorusuli orientaciis marcxsa da qarTl-kax-eTis samefoSi Sidapolitikuri mdgomareobis mkveTrad gauaresebas Soris. qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmeba (1801 w.) ivane javaxiSvils wamgebiani prorusuli orientaciis kanonzomier Sedegad miaCnda. arc am daskvnis WeSmarite-baSi SeiZleba eWvis Setana.

ase rom, ivane javaxiSvilma naSromebiT `urTier-Toba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVII saukuneSi~ da `damokidebuleba ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris XVIII saukuneSi~ mecnieruli, argumentirebuli pasuxi gasca ruseTis imperiis istoriografiaSi damkvidrebul miker-Zoebul, tendenciur Sexedulebas saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis istoriis umniSvnelovanes problemebze. bolo moeRo sicruis imgvar ganuyofel batonobas, ro-gorsac TiTqmis erTi saukune didis gulmodginebiT am-kvidrebda rusuli istoriografia. ivane javaxiSvilis naSromebi SeiZleboda saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTo-bis istoriis obieqturi kvlevis safuZveli gamxdariyo, magram ase ar moxda. 1921 wlidan, sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dapyrobis Sem-deg, ivane javaxiSvilis mier gakvaluli gziT qarTuli istoriografia veRar wavidoda. sabWoTa politikuri sistema, komunisturi ideologia saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis istoriis obieqtur kvlevas ar dauSvebda. sabWoTa istoriografiam saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTier-Tobis istoriis gaSuqeba praqtikulad ruseTis impe-riis istoriografiis mier SemuSavebuli saqmeebisa da daskvnebis mixedviT warmarTa. aRsaniSnavia, rom sabWo-Ta istoriografiam istoriis falsifikaciis procesSi kidec gadaaWarba ruseTis imperiis istoriografias. ase


aRmoCnda WeSmaritebis maZiebeli ivane javaxiSvili si-cruis mTesveli or istoriografiul skolas _ ruseTis imperiis istoriografiasa da sabWoTa istoriografias Soris. ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTobis istoriis mkvlevari, jerovnad ver dafasda sabWoTa wyobilebis damxobisa da sabWoTa kavSiris daS-lis Semdegac. Tavisufali saqarTvelos istoriografiam SeinarCuna Tu uaryofiTi ara, gulgrili damokidebule-ba mainc ivane javaxiSvilis naSromebisadmi. Cveni mizani swored am uaryofiTi Tu gulgrili damokidebulebis usafuZvlobis damtkiceba iyo.

vaxtang guruliistorikosi



g 10 h

damokidebuleba mTavrobis sarwmunoebrivi politikisadmi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti daarsebidanve

qarTuli erovnuli ganaTlebis politikis ganmsazRvre-lad iqca. universitetis profesorebi aqtiur rols as-rulebdnen respublikis yvela donis saswavlo-saganmana-Tleblo programebis SedgenaSi. 1918 wels universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis dekanma ivane javaxiS-vilma Seadgina fakultetis momavali samoqmedo gegma, sa-dac igi vrclad saubrobda im miznebsa da amocanebze, ro-melic am fakultets ekisra qveynisa da xalxis winaSe.

`qarTul momaval universitetSiac unda iyos an calke RvTismetyvelebis fakulteti an sibrZnismetyvelebis, an kidev filosofiur fakultetTan saleqcio gegma da wa-sakiTxi sagnebis sia unda iyos winaswar Sedgenili da damt-kicebuli. Tundac rom calke RvTismetyvelebis fakulte-ti Seiqmnas, mas praqtikuli xasiaTi ki ar unda hqondes, iq mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis ki ar unda amzadebdnen, aramed mxolod mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT unda xelmZRvanelob-des... da mis erTaderT mizans saqristiano doRmatikis, mw-erlobisa, mTargmnelobisa, saeklesio samarTlisa da zne-CveulebaTa mecnierul-istoriuli Seswavla unda iyos. is umaRlesi saswavlebeli, sadac am sagnebs mkvlevari ar hyavs, srul umaRles saswavleblad ver CaiTvleba~. ro-gorc dokumentidan Cans, es programa didi sja-baasis sa-gani gamxdara universitetis profesorTa sabWos winaSe. yofila azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, rasac, bunebrivia, kamaTic mohyolia. swored amis gamo ivane javaxiSvili gabedulad asabuTebda Tavis mosazrebas da amiT igi upirispirdeboda mTavrobis zogierT warmomadgenels, vinc cdilobda, re-ligiisadmi Tavisi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba Tavs mo-exvia universitetis profesurisaTvis. mogvianebiT ivane javaxiSvili werda: `CvenSi bevrni sarwmunoebas almac-


erad uyureben. amis gamo TavianT Rirsebis damamcireblad miaCniaT saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaze sjabaasic ki, ma-gram am SemTxvevaSi friad samwuxaroa vnebaTa aRreva da gaugebroba... ama Tu im sarwmunoebis aRiareba an uaryofa, urwmunoeba, rwmena yoveli adamianis piradi Segnebisa da, rasakvirvelia, grZnobis saqmea, magram sul sxvaa sarwmu-noebaTa istoriul-mecnieruli Seswavla. SeiZleba adami-ani urwmunoc iyos, magram rom sarwmunoebas yovelTvis didi mniSvneloba hqonda da igi adamianTa modgmis suli-eri Semoqmedebis erT-erTi uZlieresi dargis gamoxatu-lobaa, amis uaryofa aravis SeuZlian. amitom TeoriiT mecnierebac movalea sarwmunoebaTa mecnierul-istoriu-li Seswavla Tavs idvas, raki humanur mecnierebaTa mizani adamianis sulieri Semoqmedebis yovelmxriv gamoxatu-lobis Seswavlaa,~ _ ivane javaxiSvili Tavisi poziciis amgvari gamoxatviT cdilobda, win aRdgomoda mTavrobis im gadawyvetilebas, romelic mimarTuli iyo religiis swavlebis winaaRmdeg universitetSi.

adgenda da ixilavda ra sibrZnismetyvelebis fakulte-tis momaval samoqmedo gegmas, ivane javaxiSvili, Tavis TanamoazreebTan erTad, gansazRvravda agreTve im mo-mavali sagnebis siasac, romelic aq unda wakiTxuliyo:

saeklesio istoria, RvTism-etyvelebis da saeklesio mwerlobis istoria, qar-Tuli Zveli sityvakazmuli mwerlobis istoria, saekle-sio samarTali. leqciebi unda waekiTxaT RvTism-etyvelebis magistross, profesor korneli kekel-iZesa da profesor ioseb yifSiZes. magram mTavari iyo im kaTedris saxelwodebis SerCeva, romelic Semdeg am saqmes uxelmZRvanelebda.

1920 wlis ianvarSi ivane javaxiSvilis mier uni-


versitetis samecniero sabWoze daisva sakiTxi, raTa sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetze gamoyofili-yo gansakuTrebuli jgufi `sarwmunoebriv mecniereba-Ta Sesaswavlad. amasTan da-kavSirebiT Seiqmna special-uri komisia i. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZis da a. SaniZis SemadgenlobiT, romelTac daevalaT saxelis gamoZebna am dargisa, garkveva misi samecniero disciplinebisa da Semdgom samoswavlo gegmis Sedgena~. 1920 wlis 11 Teberv-lis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis sxdomaTa dRiuri gvamcnobs: `sarwmunoebriv mecnierebaTa ganyofilebis daarsebis Sesaxeb, Semdegis damatebiT: Setanil iqnes re-ligiis filosofiis kursi~.

am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aqtiur muSaobas awarmoe-bda sasuliero ganaTlebamiRebuli korneli kekeliZe. man didi gulisyuriTa da pasuxismgeblobiT SeimuSava sarw-munoebis dargis mowyobis gegma da sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultets gansaxilvelad 1920 wlis 29 ivniss warudgi-na. amrigad, saarqivo monacemebiT, universitetSi Seiqmna `sarwmuneobrivi mecnierebis axali dargi, xolo moma-vali semestridan mxolod saqristiano sarwmunoebis gan-yofileba, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavda saqristiano sarwmunoebis sferos, mogvianebiT mas emateba religiis filosofiis kursic~.

TiTqos winaswarmetyvelebasaviT gaisma saqarTvelos eklesiis mamamTavar kirion II–is jer kidev universite-tis gaxsnis dRisadmi miZRvnil sazeimo dRes warmoTqmul sityvaSi gamJRavnebuli survili, rom `qarTul norC uni-versitetSi male gaixsnas yvela ganzraxuli fakulteti da mihmatebodes mas saRvTismetyvelo fakultetic, ro-gorc es dasavleT evropaSi aris mowyobili... sarwmunoeba arasdros mtrulad ar ucqerda mecnierebas da amitom igi mudam ekedleboda sarwmunoebas~.

korneli kekeliZe


qarTveli sasuliero fena imedovnebda, rom axlad-fexadgmul universitetSi saeklesio pirebsac eqnebo-daT umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba, qarT-vel mrevls amieridan eyoleboda erovnul ganaTlebas naziarebi samRvdeloeba. saarqivo masalebma Semogvinaxes cnobebi im saeklesio msaxurTa Sesaxeb, romelnic saqa-rTvelos sxvadasxva `eklesia-monastrebSi mRvdelmsax-urebTan erTad iricxebodnen universitetis Tavisufal msmenelebad~. WruWis eklesiis arqimandriti pavle, ro-melic aTonis monasterSic imyofeboda 2 wlis ganmavloba-Si, iTxovda sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetze Tavisufal msmenelad miRebas: `radgan moveswari qarTul univer-sitets, survili maqvs ar movaklde swavla-ganaTlebas da viqne ufro erTguli msaxuri Cveni erisa da eklesiisao~, _ swerda arqimandriti universitetis xelmZRvanelobas.

1918-1921 wlebSi qarvel mecnierTa yuradReba, zoga-dad, religiisa da, gansakuTrebiT, qarTuli eklesiisa istoriis Seswavlisaken iyo mimarTuli. caristuli poli-tikis Sedegad saqarTveloSi bevri taZari gaiqurda, bev-ric kiriT gadaTeTrda, xolo mogvianebiT, saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobis gacemuli gank-argulebis Sedegad, daixura asobiT eklesia-monasteri, daitaces da saxlebSi waiRes unikaluri saeklesio sari-tualo nivTebi da xatebi. saWiro iyo darCenilis gadarCe-na da, bunebrivia, am saqmis meTauradac universitetis mec-nierebi moevlinen. daarsda samuzeumo fondi, romelmac, faqtobrivad, bevri istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone nivTi gadaurCina ers.

dawesda wamaxalisebeli premiebi im sastudento Tem-isTvis, romelic qarTul eklesiasa da marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebas Seexeboda. ai, ras werda 1920 wlis 15 martiT daTariRebul gancxadebaSi mariam jambakur-orbeliani: `amasTanave vadgen 4000 maneTs da gTxovT es fuli xel-uxlebel Tanxad daidos, romlis sargebeli unda moxmare-bul iqmnas sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetis mier sarw-munoebis da eklesiis istoriis dargidan drogamoSvebiT gamocxadebul Temaze studentTa mier saukeTeso Tx-zulebaTa dasajildoeblad... Cemi survilia, rom jildos


Cemi gansvenebuli meuRlis aleqsandre ivanes Ze jambakur orbelianis saxeli hqondes.~ am dokuments axlavs reqto-ris minaweri: `universitetis gamgeobam sasurvelad scno Tu Tqveni dasturic iqneba Tanxis sargebeli erTdoriul daxmarebad eZleodes Tqven mier SerCeul moswavles~.

sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultetma gamoyo komisia a. SaniZis, d. uznaZis, S. nucubiZis SemadgenlobiT da daava-la maT, SeemuSavebinaT wesdeba sapremio TxzulebaTa Ses-arCevad. ase uwyobda xels Tbilisis universiteti stu-dentebSi marTlmadidebeli eklesiisadmi mecnieruli interesis gaRvivebas.

imdroindeli mTavrobis sarwmunoebrivi politikidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saxalxo komisari-ati Tavisi arsebobis pirveli dRidanve cdilobda `ga-naTlebis eklesiisagan gamijvnas, amiT isini faqtiuri gzamkvlevni aRmoCndnen ruseTis komunisturi partiis antisarwmunoebrivi politikisa saqarTveloSi. am mxriv, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba saero saswavleblebze gamax-vilda, sadac sasuliero disciplinebis swavleba izRude-boda~.

1919 wlidan saswavlo programebidan amoRebuli iqna saRvTo sjulis swavleba. saqarTvelos demokrati-uli mTavrobis am politikam saboloo laxvari Casca im erovnul saskolo ganaTlebas, romelic saukuneebis gan-mavlobaSi tradiciulad saqarTvloSi arsebobda.

niSandoblivia, rom saRvTo sjulis swavlebis gauqme-bam ukmayofileba gamoiwvia rogorc saero saswavleblis pedagogTa Soris, iseve sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebSi, romlebmac 1920 wlis 21 aprils daxmarebisaTvis mimarTes universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakultets. sakiTxis saTanado Seswavlis Semdeg universitetis xelmZRvanelo-bam sakaTalikoso sabWos amcno, rom `saRvTo sjulis swav-leba skolebSi saswavlo gegmis sakiTxia~. es kidev erTxel adasturebs imas, rom universitetis profesura ar eTanx-meboda xelisuflebis saganmanaTleblo reformas da qar-Tuli tradiciis erTguli rCeboda.

erovnuli saganmanaTleblo reformis gatarebaSi aqtiurad Caebnen universitetis mecnierebi. erovnuli


ganaTlebisa da qristianuli moZRvrebis swavlebis daS-veba-gamarTlebisaTvis universitetis xelmZRvaneloba moqmedebis nairsaxovan formebs mimarTavda. magaliTad, damfuZnebeli krebis sxdomaze saxalxo ganaTlebis komi-siis wevrma grigol naTaZem Semoitana winadadeba `saRv-Tosjulis magier Setanili yofiliyo programaSi religi-aTa istoria da eTika. n. naneiSvils ki miaCnda, rom religiis istoriasTan dakavSirebulia religiis warmoSobis sxva sakiTxebic, es problemebi ki mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli religiis filosofiasTan. bolos ki sarwmunoebis isto-ria religiis filosofiis istoriis saxes miiRebs~.

Tu gadavxedavT im periodis saarqivo masalasa da pe-riodikas, davinaxavT, rogor cdilobda win aRdgomoda qarTuli sazogadoeba mTavrobis am gadawyvetilebas. sa-suliero fena, qarTvel mecnierebTan erTad, cdilobda, lavirebis gziT gadaeWra es problema. xobis eklesiis ar-qimandriti ioane kandelaki swerda universitetis xelmZ-Rvanelobas: `yvelaferze ufro SemZlebi da Seudarebeli moswavleebis zneobrivi aRzrdisas warmoadgens sarwmu-noeba. eTxovos damfuZnebel krebas, raTa saRmrTosjuli saqarTvelos yovelgvar saswavlebelSi isev iqnes miRe-buli saswavlo sagnad. vinaidgan saqarTvelos avtoke-faluri eklesia da am eklesiis msaxurni warmoadgenen saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis dawesebulebas, vinaidgan saxelmwifo qmnis sazogadoebriv cxovrebas, xolo eklesia ki zneobrivad amaRlebs cxovrebas qristes WeSmaritebis SecnobiT~.

amrigad, qarTul sazogadoebas dauSveblad miaCnda qarTuli eklesiisa da masTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ugulebelyofa, radganac eklesia da saxelmwifo erTi ganuyofeli nawilia da Tu qarTveli eri fizikurad da zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT gadarCa, amaSi qarTul marTlma-dideblur eklesias udidesi wvlili miuZRvis. `eklesia ar unda iqnes gancalkevebuli saxelmwifosagan, unda sarge-blobdes saxelmwifo kanonebis mfarvelobiT da materi-aluri mxriT unda iyos uzrunvelyofili~.

Tu Tvals gadavavlebT 1918-1921 wlebSi Tbilisis sax-elmwifo universitetis sibrZnismetyvelebis fakulte-


tis moRvaweobas, romlis dekanic k. kekeliZe iyo 1919 wli-dan, davrwmundebiT, Tu raoden didi Sroma miuZRvis mas `qarTuli eklesiis istoriis, zogadad, sarwmunoebriv mecnierebaTa Seswavlis, Zveli qarTuli saeklesio mwer-lobis, rogorc samecniero disciplinebis damkvidrebis mimarTulebiT universitetSi~. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am rTul da sapasuxismgeblo amocanas qarTuli universite-tis profesuram Cinebulad gaarTva Tavi.

manana liluaSviliTsu-is muzeumis TanamSromeli

zurab gaiparaSviliTsu-is biblioTekis direqtori



g 11 h

gadasaxlebuli studentebis werili Tu dagebuli xafangi?!

1937 wlis ganukiTxaobas mravali axalgazrda Seewira, maT Soris, universitetis studentebi. zogisTvis Zneli Sesaguebeli iyo cxovrebis sabWouri wesi, zogi Cumad oc-nebobda saqarTvelos damoukideblobaze, maTgan mciredi bedavda xmamaRla amis gacxadebas Tu moqmedebas, Tumca bevri maTgani moxvda cixeSi, sakoncentracio banakebSi, saidanac cocxali aRar dabrunebula.

mkiTxvels vTavazobT korneli kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi, ivane javaxiSvilis pirad arqivSi daculi erTi werilis publikacias, romelic ivane javax-iSvilisTvis Sua aziaSi gadasaxlebul studentebs mouwe-riaT. didxans es dokumenti saidumlo grifiT inaxeboda da mkvlevarTaTvis xelmiuwvdomeli iyo. werili Cadebu-li iyo konvertSi, markis gareSe. konverts aqvs mxolod Tbilisis safosto damRa. rusulad melniT aweria: `гор. Тбилиси, Ваке. Уваж. Професору Ивану Джавахишвили. Лично. Из Узбекистана~. amave konvertze gansxvavebuli xeliT miwer-ilia: `Ул. Калинина, 66~ - ivane javaxiSvilis saxlis misamar-Ti. unda vivaraudoT, rom werili universitetSi miitanes da universitetidan gadaugzavnes adresats, swored ami-tom aqvs konverts safosto damRa.

ucnobi darCa studentebis vinaoba, romlebmac es wer-ili did mecniers gamougzavnes. arc isaa cnobili, baraTi namdvilad gadasaxlebuli da ganwiruli axalgazrdebis xeliTaa dawerili, Tu es werili ivane javaxiSvilisTvis dagebuli xafangi iyo. samwuxarod, isic ucnobia, Tu ro-gor moiqca ivane javaxiSvili, ganacxada Tu ara werilis miRebis Sesaxeb, scada Tu ara studentebis daxmareba? erTi ki faqtia, ivane javaxiSvilma werili ar gaanadgura da mas saxlSi inaxavda. Tundac es faqti, im dros, gmiro-bis tolfasi iyo.


unugeSo axalgazrdebis werilSi metad TvalSisace-mia maTgan araadekvaturi emociebis gamovlineba _ jala-Turi mopyrobis miuxedavad, studentebi mainc stalinsa da beriaze loculobdnen da ugzo-ukvlod eZebdnen dam-sjelT. werilis Sinaarsis gacnoba ukeT SegaZlebinebT Se-sabamisi daskvnebis gamotanasa da analizs.

`1938 w. 5/XII speclageriCveno uZvirfaseso dido profesoro pativcemulo ivane!salami Sua aziis udabnoebidan!pirvelad did bodiSs vixdiT Tqvens winaSe, rom ramoden-

ime wuTi unda wagarTvaT Tqveni Zvirfasi droidan, magram imedi gvaqvs, gvapatiebT.

pativcemulo profesoro, Cven erTma jgufma studentebma, romlebic umarTebuloT dagvapatimres, Semdeg ki ukanonod gadmogvasaxles aqeT, gadavwyviteT mogvemarTna TqvenTvis da Tqveni saSualebiT Cveni sialalmarTle, savsebiT udanaSauloba gvecnobebia Cveni mamisaTvis _ did stalinisaTvis da mis erT-gul mowafis didaT pativc. beriasaTvis (Cven aqedan ara erTx-el daugzavneT saCivrebi, magram mTeli 100% varT darwmuneb-uli, rom aRniSnuli werilebi maTamde ar mivida, viRac mterma usindisoT gadaylapa isini).

pativcemulo profesoro, Cveni samSoblos siamayev, Cven kargaT gvesmis Tqveni gulis nadebi, Tqveni keTilSobileba, Tqveni maRal-humanuri grZno-bebi da imitoma gwerT.

gviSveleT, viRupebiT, bevri axalgazrda ukve samu-damoT gamoeTxova am muxTal wuTisofels, sikvdilis momen-tSi maT gamxdar, aTrTolebul tuCebze mxolod da mxolod is ekera `Cven udanaSaulo viya-viT, muxTalma mterma Cagvyara, gadaeciT did stalins, be-rias, f. maxaraZes, rom camde alalmarTali viyaviT, ara-sodes gvifiqria samSoblos


Ralati da am udabnoSi vkvdebiT rogorc saukeTeso samSoblos erTgulni, mSvidobiT miwa-wyalo, mSvidobiT Cveno utkbileso universiteto, mSvidobiT Cveno daCagrulo da gaubedurebulo mSoblebo. gadaeciT mxurvale salami Cvens profesorebs, gansa-kuTrebiT ki did profesors pativc. ivane javaxiSvils~...

ai, pativic profesoro, vina varT da raT vitanjebiT tyuil-ubraloT, gviSveleT, vinc jer cocxalni varT, pirSi sulebi SegvrCa, vgavarT namdvil akldamidan amoRebul ConCxebs, gex-vewebiT, gemudarebiT SegvibraleT. Cven erTi muWa mtveri varT stalinis fexisa, vkvdebiT, Cveni TvaliT vxedavT xmal amoRebul sikvdilis aCrdils, SimSilma, wyurvilma (neta erTxel kidev dagvalevina Cveni samSoblos didi mdinaris mRvrie mtkvris wy-ali, erTxel maZRrisad gagvaZRo Cveni qarTuli puriT, erTxel kidev gvaynosia Cveni samSoblos haeri), sicivem, 45 gradusi yin-vebia, Cven ki titvlebi varT TiTqmis aRarc cxvirpiri SegvrCa, aRarc xel-fexi, mTeli sxeuli, es daZabunebuli Cveni leSi, moZrulia, Wkva-goneba dagveClunga, wera-kiTxva dagvaviwyda, wignis asoebi ra ferisaa aRar viciT, sulieraT dacemuli varT araviTari miwer-moweris nebas ar gvaZleven CvenianebTan, arc imaT ician sada varT da arc Cven viciT maTi mdgomareoba, ager weliwadi, 2 weliwadi usruldeba zogs da am xnis ganmavlobaSi mowyvetili varT maTgan, ra ari es, Cven ver warmovidgenT, rom es yvelaferi icodes didma stalinma da araferi zomebi ar miiRos aseT aranormalur da barbarosul mdgomareobis gamosaswore-blaT. ar gvjera ara da ara. didi stalini, pirvelyovlisa xom adamiania, imasac aqvs guli, humanuri grZnobebi, isic mSobelia da advilaT mixvdeba yvelafers. rac adamiani didia, bumberazi, miT ufro lmobieri xdeba da keTilSobili.

pat. ivane, Cven universitetSi ar yofila araviTari faSis-tuli organizacia, Cven ar viciT da arc gvsmenia aseTi ram, Cven dagvapatimres 1938 wlis ianvar-TebervalSi da ra didi iyo Cveni gancvifreba, roca SinsaxkomSi autaneli inkviziciuri wamebis Semdeg winadadeba mogvces xeli mogvewera ganaCenze, ris Sem-deg gadmogvasaxles aqeT. ityviT Tu raT movawereT, marTalia dido profesoro, ar unda mogvewera, magram jer erTi im wame-bas aTasjer gverCia, mere Cven xom jer gauformebeli adamianebi viyaviT, bavSvebi (Zveli drois 30-35 wl. kacebi xom ar viyaviT). cudi arasodes gvenaxa mudam vcxovrobdiT didi stalinis da be-rias gamTbari mzrunvelobis qveS. exla ki roca aseTi simware vi-grZeniT, unda gamovtydeT _ SevSindiT, avkankaldiT, avcaxcax-diT da Cvenc CvendauneburaT raze movawereT xeli, ar gvaxsovs.


troikam 10-10 wliT gadmogvasaxla aqeT, ratom, risTvis, dResac ar viciT, vficavT Cven axalgazrdobas, vficavT didi stali-nis umanko saxels, vficavT mis dedis saflavs, rom Cven 100% alal-marTali varT, yvelani swavlis friadosnebi viyaviT, we-sieri komkavSirlebi, sazogado moRvaweebi da sworeT mtermac Cven gamogvarCia brinjiviT. gviSveleT, gkocniT xelebze Cveno mama, gaakeTeT istoriuli didi saqme da gvixseniT axalgazrdebi sikvdilisagan.

taSk. mxares gadasax. stud.~

zurab gaiparaSvili Tsu-is biblioTekis direqtori


ivane javaxiSvilis ZeglTan universitetis ezoSi dRes xSirad dainaxavT Zeglis maxloblad Camomsxdar studen-tebs. marTalia warsuls Cabarda is dro, rodesac poetur TvalebSi cecxl-anTebuli axalgazrdebi universitetis baRSi qarTvel poetTa Tu mweralTa Semoqmedebas kiTxu-lobdnen da mimoixilavdnen, magram baRi dRemde savsea studentebiT. yvela maTganma ivane javaxiSvilis mniSvn-elobisa da Rvawlis Sesaxeb, SesaZloa, zedmiwevniT ar icodes, magram universitetis panTeonSi ivane javaxiSvi-lis Zegls ki yvela namdvilad cnobs da misadmi pativisce-ma jer kidev aqvT SemorCenili im axalgazrdebs, romleb-sac dRes teleekranebidan mxolod politikuri SouebiT awvdian `sazrdos“ da Rirebuls _ naklebad TuRa aswav-lian... swored am fonzea saintereso dRevandeli studen-tebis damokidebuleba universitetis damaarseblisadmi da Cvens krebulSi swored amitom SevitaneT erT-erTi warmatebuli studentis werili ivane javaxiSvilze.


ivane javaxiSvilis biusti Tsu I korpusis foieSi.moqandake iakob nikolaZe


g 12 h

is, rac ar cvdeba dRevandeli studentis TvalSi...

araerTi evropuli saxelmwifos nacionaluri idento-

ba ganapiroba rigma istoriulma movlenebma. dasavleTSi saerTo erovnuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebas garkveul istoriul nartivebsa Tu Tavgadasavlebs ukavSireben. safrangeTi bastiliis aRebiTa da absolutizmis sawinaaR-mdego revoluciiT iwonebs Tavs, didi britaneTi ki _ meCvidmete saukuneSi myarad dafuZnebuli konstituci-uri monarqiiT. germanelebi, maTi identobis xelaxlad formirebis gzaze, mTavar movlenad qveynis gaerTianebasa da berlinis kedlis dacemas miiCneven. albaT, saintereso iqneba, Tu saqarTvelosa da qarTuli sazogadoebis erovnul narativzec visaubrebT. cxadia, uamravi omisa da brZolis gaxseneba SegviZlia. arafers davaSavebT, Tu sakvanZo movlenis Zebnas mravalsaukunovan qarTul lit-eraturaSi daviwyebT. Tumca, erovnuli narativis aRmoCe-na uaxles istoriaSi, modernis epoqaSic SegviZlia.

CemTvis demokratiuli saqarTvelos saerTo saxelm-wifoebrivi cnobierebis formireba pirveli qarTuli umaRlesi saswavleblis dafuZnebiT iwyeba. Cveni qvey-nis demokratizaciisa da dekolonizaciis mimarTule-biT mTavari nabiji qarTulenovani, sekularuli da mravalerovani, saswavlo da samecniero-kvleviTi univer-sitetis daarseba gaxldaT. universitetma Cvens sazoga-doebas, saqarTvelos mosaxleobas misca SesaZlebloba _ nebismieri movlenis (sazogadoebriv-politikuri, bunebrivi da a.S.) codnis safuZvelze gaazrebisa da gan-viTarebis axali, Sesabamisi perspeqtivebis dasaxvisa. aqe-dan gamomdinare, CemTvis ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc uni-versitetis damfuZnebeli, upirveles yovlisa, qarTuli samoqalaqo nacionalizmis burji gaxlavT, romelmac warmatebiT da yvelaze adekvaturad gaagrZela mecx-ramete saukunis samocian wlebSi ilia WavWavaZis mier daw-yebuli saqme.


SeuZlebelia ivane javaxiSvilis istoriuli figura solidarobis TvalsazrisiTac ar ganvixiloT. univer-sitetis daarsebamde profesorma javaxiSvilma mTel msoflioSi daagzavna specialuri anketebi. anketebi sx-vadasxva saswavlebelSi mimofantulma qarTvelma pro-fesorebma miiRes. peterburgis universitetis pedagogi maT warmatebuli karieris droebiT mitovebisa da saswav-lo-samecniero keris dasafuZneblad saqarTveloSi da-brunebisken mouwodebda. javaxiSvilis gansakuTrebuli mondomebisa da SemarTebis wyalobiT, ramdenime aTeuli mecnieri saerTo mizniT gaerTianda da saqarTveloSi da-brunda. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom maSin saqarTvelosa da regionis momavali bundovani gaxldaT; ruseTis yo-fili imperia umZimesi samoqalaqo omis zRvarze idga; saqarTvelos mosaxleoba autanel socialur-ekonomi-kur gaWirvebaSi cxovrobda; yoveldRiurad izrdebo-da inflacia da arsebobda seriozuli riski pirveladi saWiroebis sagnebze deficitis warmoqmnisa. miuxedavad amisa, warmatebuli mecnierebi saqarTveloSi dabrundnen da universiteti daaarses. universitetis daarseba mecni-erTa solidarobis Sedegad moxerxda. aRniSnuli solida-robis mTavari organizatori da umTavresi sulisCamdgme-li ki swored ivane javaxiSvili gaxldaT.

sainteresoa ivane javaxiSvilis piradi cxovrebac. TbilisSi dabadebul da gazrdil moqalaqes saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi sakuTari saxlic ki ar hqonia. wlebis ganma-vlobaSi igi saerTo binaSi, fardiT gamoyofil oTaxSi cxovrobda. yovelgvari gadaWarbebisa da ucnauri emo-ciebis gareSe SegviZlia SevniSnoT, rom profesori TiTq-mis mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi erTi paltoTi da erTi xelCanTiT sargeblobda. universitetSi misi kabinetic ki patara kuTxeSi, ramdenime kvadratul metrian oTaxSi iyo mowyobili. aRniSnuli detalebis gaxsenebiT mxolod ja-vaxiSvilis idealizmze miganiSnebT. profesori namdvili idealisti gaxldaT, romlisTvisac piradi simdidre da keTildReoba, fufuneba meorexarisxovani iyo. misTvis mTavari universiteti da misi ganviTarebis SesaZleblo-bebi gaxldaT. igi individualistur moTxovnebze maRla sajaro sikeTes ayenebda.


me arc istorikosi gaxlavarT da arc eTnografiis specialisti. Sesabamisad, ivane javaxiSvilis samecniero moRvaweobis Sefasebis pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar Tavze ver aviReb. Tumca, namdvilad SemiZlia universitetis dam-fuZneblis Sefaseba politikis mecnierebis perspeqtivi-dan. 1919 wlis 27-28 aprils profesorma Tsu-Si leqcia waikiTxa, romelic maSindeli saqarTvelos sagareo poli-tikas ukavSirdeboda. javaxiSvilma zedmiwevniT, mTeli si-zustiT gaaanaliza Cveni qveynis irgvliv Seqmnili saerTa-Soriso politikur-ekonomikuri viTareba. rac mTavaria, man uzustesi gafrTxileba misca saqarTvelos demokra-tiuli respublikis mTavrobas. javaxiSvils saqarTvelos sagareo politikis „gulubryvilobis“ eSinoda. igi dauS-veblad miiCnevda romelime imperiis deklarirebuli ganz-raxvebisadmi ndobis gamovlenas. profesori eWvis TvaliT uyurebda ruseTTan gasaformebeli xelSekrulebis ganx-orcielebis SesaZleblobas da qarTul sazogadoebas gan-sakuTrebuli sifrTxilisa da sifxizlisken mouwodebda. leqciidan erTi wlis Semdeg marTlac gaformda xelSek-ruleba saqarTvelosa da sabWoTa ruseTs Soris. saqarT-velos mTavrobas okupaciis dawyebamde gulubryvilod swamda xelSekrulebis xelmomwerTa uangarobisa da pati-osnebis. saubedurod, 1919 wels wakiTxuli leqciis TiTq-mis yvela daskvna realobad iqca. aRniSnuli moxsenebis safuZvelze namdvilad SegviZlia, saerTaSoriso politi-kis sferoSi, ivane javaxiSvilis gansakuTrebul analiti-kur SesaZleblobebze vimsjeloT.

maSasadame, CemTvis, rogorc rigiTi studentisaTvis, ivane javaxiSvili gaxldaT SesaniSnavi analitikosi da mamaci idealisti, romelmac mecnierTa solidarobis or-ganizebis xarjze demokratiuli saqarTvelos erovnuli narativi dawera.

levan lorTqifaniZeTsu-is socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa

fakultetis magistranti`Tbilisis universiteti“, #5, 2015 w.


ivane javaxiSvilis misaloci werili saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis mTavrobisadmi damoukideblobis

aRdgenis iuridiulad cnobasTan dakavSirebiT, 1922 w.


g 13 h

pirovnuli StrixebiT `naZerwi~ ivane javaxiSvili

aucilebelia didi pirovnebis warmosaCenad misi yofiTi, miwieri an, rogorc erTi filosofosi ambobda _ `adamianuri, Warbad adamianuri~ bunebis Cveneba. amiT, ara mgonia, ivane javaxiSvilze Cveni amaRlebuli warmodgenis `damiweba~ moxdes, Tumca masTan daaxloebas, misi xatebis gaadamianurebas ki ueWvelad SevZlebT.

ratom hqonda ivane javaxiSvils Tavis droze esoden didi saxeli? ratom imsaxurebda TanamedroveTa pativis-cemasa da aRiarebas? ratom gamosWvivis garSemo myofTa mogonebebSi udidesi mowiweba misdami? ratom iqmneboda moaruli miTebi mis Sesaxeb? (magaliTad, amboben, ivane ja-vaxiSvili erT-erTi pirveli estumra tyeSi gaWril qaquca ColoyaSvils da amiT Tavisi Tanadgoma daudasturao _ es miTia Tu realobac SeiZleba iyos?) _ msgavs kiTxvebze pasuxebis gasacemadaa swored saWiro _ CavuRrmavdeT am adamians... vin iyo igi? ra xasiaTi, buneba, zne, morali, Tvisebebi mosdgamda?

ivane javaxiSvilze misi ufrosi kolega da megobari eqv-Time TayaiSvili werda: `iSviaTia kaci, romelsac nakli ar hqondes, Tundac sul mcire. ivane javaxiSvils ki, sanTliT rom geZebnaT, veraviTar nakls ver aRmouCendiT. is sruli Rirsebis mqone adamiani iyo: zneobiT spetaki, zrdili, al-ersiani, Tavmdabali, kacTmoyvare da gulSematkivari...~

ra mogonebebi SemorCa istorias, romelzec ivane javax-iSvilis STamomavlebi, megobrebi, axloblebi, mwerlebi da ubralod nacnobebi weren? _ fragmentulad maTi mogone-bebis warmoCena erTgvar STabeWdilebas SegiqmniT ivane javaxiSvilze, rogorc pirovnebaze, romelic uyvardaT, romelsac afasebdnen, romlis simaRlemdec ver adiodnen _ fexi usxltebodaT da cviodnen... ra simaRleze vsau-brobT? _ amaze Cveni `mogonebani~ SegiqmniT warmodgenas.


baasis Tema _ saqarTvelo da misi warsuli

1876 wlis 11 (23) aprili...aleqsandre javaxiSvilis ojaxma vaJianoba izeima...daibada ivane javaxiSvili...javaxiSvilTa ZirZvel gvars kidev erTi vaJi Seemata.rogorc istoriuli sabuTebidan dgindeba, javaxiS-

vilTa gvari Torelebisgan momdinareobs. sagvareulos safuZveli daudo javax Torelma (XIVs.), romlis STa-momavlebi iwodebian Torel javaxiSvilebad an, Cveu-lebriv, javaxiSvilebad. javaxiSvilebi Sua saukunidan moyolebuli Canan saqarTvelos istoriaSi, rogorc mniS-vnelovani feodaluri sagvareulo. javaxiSvilTa erTi Stos samflobelo Cans xovle, im Stosi, romlis STamo-mavalic ivanes mama aleqsandre javaxiSvili iyo. deda _ sofio aTanases asuli vaxvaxiSvili lamaz garegnobasa da sidarbaislesTan erTad, saTno da Wkviani adamiani yo-fila.

javaxiSvilebs tradiciuli qarTuli ojaxi hqondaT da Svilebsac samSoblosa da dedaenisadmi usazRvro si-yvarulis suliskveTebiT zrdidnen.

9 wlis ivane 1885 wels Tbilisis progimnaziaSi Sei-yvanes, romlis damTavrebis Semdeg, 1888 wels, gimnaziis meore klasSi miiRes. mas gimnazia ar moswonda. swavliT ki kargad swavlobda. maSin gimnaziebSi idevneboda yovelive progresuli, raime erovnulze laparakic ki zedmeti iyo. ivane Turme ver egueboda amgvar atmosferos da Tavis su-lier moTxovnilebas gimnaziis gareT, qarTuli kultur-isa da istoriis SeswavlaSi ikmayofilebda.

ivane javaxiSvilis Sesaxeb daweril mogonebaSi kote mayaSvili wers: `siyrmiTgan vicnob da siyrmiTganve pativ-sa vcem vano javaxiSvils. mogonebas gadavyavar warsulSi: ase 13-14 wlis viqnebi, avlabris boloSi vcxovrob. yovel dRe davdivar kukiaSi vaJTa meore gimnaziaSi. yoveldRe Cavuvli da amovuvli xolme avlabris samoqalaqo saswav-lebels, sadac inspeqtorobs aleqsandre javaxiSvili. vici, rom Svilebi hyavs. erTi maTgani, vano, Cemi xnisaa. vaJTa pirvel gimnaziis mowafe.


vano javaxiSvili gacnobisas qarTulad melaparakeba. mrcxvenian, rom qarTuladve pasuxis gacema ar SemiZlia. uk-virs da swyins, magram male neba-uneburad urigdeba am gare-moebas. Sexvedris dros Cveni baasis Tema yovelTvis erTia: saqarTvelo, misi warsuli, awmyo, misi literatura...

didis yuradRebiT, guldasmiT vusmen vanos, makvirvebs misi nakiTxoba da enTuziazmi. gaocebuli var, rodesac mis xelSi vxedav violinos. masze dakvras swavlobs. musika hyvarebia... me ki megona, rom vanos qarTuli enis da Tavisi gakveTilebis meti sxva ara agondeba ra.

vamTavreb gimnazias da sazafxulod mivdivar daba axalqalaqSi (goris mazra) Cems dasTan. ramdenime xnis Semdeg maxlobel sofel xovledan Camodis vanoc. masac daumTavrebia gimnazia da zafxulis miwurulSi apirebs peterburgSi wasvlas universitetSi mecadineobis dasaw-yebad. axalqalaqSi bevri nacnobi da naTesavi hyavs. axal-gazrdoba ikribeba visTanme. SuaSi vano uzis. igi CemTvis ukve nacnobi gatacebiT uambobs damswreT saqarTvelos warsulze, awmyosa da momaval perspeqtivebze; mouwo-debs axalgazrdobas Sehqmnan samecniero, saliteraturo, sameurneo da sxva wreebi, mouwodebs yvelas qarTuli ap-aTiisagan gamorkvevasa da TviTganviTarebis gzazed Sed-gomas... da gaaTavebs baass. mere Seskupdeba Tavis cxenze da naxevar saaTSi isev Tavs amohyofs mSobliur sofelSi, sadac igi moRvaweobs amgvaradve da Tan mecadineobs. igi xSiri stumaria taZarTa, sasaxleTa da cixeTa nangrevebi-sa. mis cnobismoyvare Tvals ara gamoepareba ra. Wabuks ukve SeZenili aqvs didi masala da igi Sedis universitetis SenobaSi gabedulad, Tavisi Zalis moimede~.

Cveni klasis sindisi

rogor igonebs ivane javaxiSvilis mowafeobis wlebs misi klasis amxanagi, cnobili eqimi Ggabriel sergis Ze fon-doevi:

`me da vano javaxiSvili erTad vswavlobdiT Tbilisis pirvel klasikur gimnaziaSi, romelic davamTavreT 1895


wels. vano javaxiSvili araTu Cveni saerTo sayvareli amx-anagi iyo, igi iyo Cveni klasis sindisi, am sityvis sruli mniSvnelobiT. Tu ki raime sakiTxi gvawuxebda Cven, vCqa-robdiT, Tu ras ityoda vano javaxiSvili. Tu romelime amxanagi raime udier saqciels Caidenda, misi saqcielis koleqtiuri garCevis iniciativa vanosgan momdinareob-da; masze miandobda-xolme klasi sakadrisad gaekicxa is amxanagi. vanosTan warmoudgeneli iyo, vinmes orWofu-li laparaki gaeba an uwmawuri anegdoti eTqva: Tu gim-nazielebis wres vano uaxlovdeboda, maSinve Sewydeboda xolme amgvari baasi. Cven Zalian gviyvarda vanos mosmena dasvenebis dros: is didis xalisiT gviziarebda, rac wina dRes waekiTxa an TeatrSi enaxa. swored vano javaxiSvili iyo, rom cudi qcevisagan Tavs Segvakavebinebda-xolme. maswavleblebs yvelas, uklebliv, uyvardaT vano, rogorc uaRresad patiosani da keTilsindisieri mowafe. igi yvela Cvenganze adre mixvda, rom gimnazia yvelafers ver Segvas-wavlida. mixvda, rom mowafem Tavis ganviTarebaze TviTon unda izrunos, skolis gareSe mecadineobiT unda dawin-aurdes... amas is axorcielebda didis aRtacebiT da Tavisi magaliTiT dagvimtkica, Tu ra warmatebis miRweva SeuZlia mowafes am gziT.

misi weriTi samuSaoebi rusul enaze Zalian Sinaarsiani iyo da maRal Sefasebas Rebulobda mkacri pedagogebisaga-nac ki, romelic mis namuSevars sanimuSod gvikiTxavda Cven. magram gansakuTrebulad uyvarda vanos istoria: TviT is-toriis maswavleblebsac uyvarda vanos pasuxebis mosmena, romelic arasdros ar iyo gazepirebuli da trafaretu-li. es pasuxebi yovelTvis amomwuravad gadmogvcemdnen im epoqis suls, romelzedac mogviTxrobda vano~.

kalininis 66

1917 wlidan ivane javaxiSvilis ojaxi yofili kalini-nis quCaze _ 66 nomerSi cxovrobda. am quCas dRes ivane ja-vaxiSvilis saxeli hqvia. axla iq ivane javaxiSvilis SvilT-aSvilebi levan cincaZe da misi meuRle, qalbatoni manana


tyemalaZe cxovroben. es saxli 1852 wels auSenebiaT da vinme ifsime papanasovas ekuTvnoda. xolo 1870 wels damt-kicebuli proeqtiT ukve mariam jambakur-orbelianisa da misi meuRlis aleqsandre orbelianis sakuTreba gamxdara. mariam jambakur-orbeliani, ivane javaxiSvilis meuRlis anastasia orbelianis mamida, erekle meores SvilTaSvi-li yofila. qalbaton mariamsa da aleqsandres sakuTari Svilebi ar hyoliaT da uamrav axlobelsa Tu ucxo adami-ans uvlidnen. 1918 wels aleqsandre orbeliani gardacv-lila, revoluciis Semdeg mariam jambakur-orbelians `praqtikulad mTeli naTesaoba mouwvevia aq sacxovre-blad.~ swored am periodSi peterburgidan gadmosaxle-bulan mariamis ZmisSvili anastasia da misi meuRle ivane javaxiSvilic. am saxlSi dabadebula maTi pirveli Svili naTela, Semdeg ki kaxa da aleqsandre (lali). Aamave saxlSi cxovrobda anastasias ufrosi da Tekle da misi meuRle _ qarTuli literaturis kritikis fuZemdebeli kita aba-SiZe. qveda sarTulze ki cxovrobda ivane javaxiSvilis dis _ aleqsandras ojaxi. aleqsandra rCeuliSvilebis rZali iyo. swored am saxlSi gaCnda misi vaJi, guram rCeuliSvili da aq cxovrobda skolis damTavrebamde. Damgvari xalxm-ravlobis Taobaze erTxel ivane javaxiSvilis vaJs _ aleqsandres (lali) xum-robiT uTqvams: mariam or-belianma es saxli noes kidobans daamsgavsao.

anastasia

ivane javaxiSvilis meuRle anastasia, anu ro-gorc Sinaurebi eZaxdnen _ stazia orbelians _ Tbili-sis qalTa gimnazia da mere samusiko saswavlebeli hqonda damTavrebuli. Tavi-

anastasia jambakur-orbeliani javaxiSvilisa


suflad flobda frangul-sa da germanul enebs. anas-tasia savioline ganaTlebis mqone pirveli qarTveli qali iyo. igi Turme xSirad ukravda violinoze, Tumca mis saxlSi gacilebiT meti mxiaruleba revoluciamde sufevda, rodesac musikosi megobrebi ikribebodnen da koncertebs marTavdnen. revoluciis Semdeg ki en-Tuziazmi gamqrala _ bol-

Sevikebis Semosvlam SiSi da Zarcva moutana saukunovani tradiciebis mqone ojaxs.

ivane javaxiSvili da anastasia, Sexmatkbilebuli meuRleebis garda, erTmaneTisTvis sulieri megobrebic yofilan. cnobilia maTi sasiyvarulo mimoweris istoriebi, roca ivane javaxiSvili mas peterburgidan werda. `kargad maxsovs rogor Relavda deda mamis gamo da, saerTod, mTe-li Cemi bavSvobis STabeWdilebebi dakavSirebulia dedas gamudmebul wuxilTan mamas janmrTelobis gamo~ (Jurnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w.), _ ase ixsenebdnen anastasias meuRli-sadmi (ivane javaxiSvilisadmi) damokidebulebas Svilebi.

qalbatoni anastasia ivane javaxiSvilis gardacva-lebis Semdeg Turme ase moZRvravda xolme SviliSvilebs: is, rom vano Tqveni papa iyo da Tqven misi SviliSvilebi xarT, Tqveni damsaxureba rodia. umTavresi, rac gevale-baT, isaa, rom iseTi araferi CaidinoT, riTac mis xsovnas Crdils miayenebTo.

adamianuri mama(naTela javaxiSvilis mogonebidan)

`umetesad adamianSi ori arsebaa _ erTia sazoga-doebriv sarbielze, meore _ ojaxSi, pirad cxovrebaSi. mamaCemis arsebas `ukuRma~ mxare iseTive hqonda, rogorc

anastasia da mariam jambakur-orbelianebi


`piri~. Cemi mexsierebis mTel manZilze me maxsovs _ mama uaRresad keTili, alersiani, gulisxmieri... aseTad igonebs mas yvela, visac ki masTan urTierToba hqonia odesme. magondeba, erTxel mowafeTa saRamoze varlam donduas, maSin im skolis maswavlebels, Cemi Tavi gaacnes: _ rogor, ba-ton ivanes Svilebi hyavso? _ didi gaocebiT warmoTq-va man. me mivxvdi, rom baton varlams ver daekavSirebina ivane javaxiSvilTan ve-raferi miwieri. diax, baton ivanes hyavda Svilebi da igi uaRresad adamianuri mama iyo. mama, romelsac dedasTan erTad Rameebi utexia bavSvis sawolTan, mama, romelsac, didi datvirTvis miuxedavad, erTi wuTiT ar mouklia zrunva, siTbo, sitkbo da didi guli~ (Jurnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w.).

sakuTari xeliT awyobili merxebi(naTela javaxiSvilis mogonebidan)

`maxsovs, erTxel saxlSi dabrunda da ufrosebSi didi SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia misma Sexedulebam. gamoirkva, rom universitetSi merxebis gadazidvis dros, romelSic TviT mama, yifSiZe, SaniZe da sxvebi Rebulobdnen monawileobas, ukeT rom vTqvaT, TviTon ezidebodnen, erTi merxi gad-movardniliyo, mamas dascemoda da kinaRam moekla. ase, sa-kuTari xeliT awyobda aqeT-iqidan mogrovili merxebiTa da xelsawyoebiT mama da misi TanamebrZolebi universitetis Senobas, sadac im xanad jer kidev nawilobriv samxedro hos-pitali iyo moTavsebuli. magram am saqmis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobiT aRfrTovanebuli mama aRarc Tavis avad-

aleqsandre (lali) da naTela javaxiSvilebi


myofobas imCnevda, aRarc daRlas. gaWirveba, sicive, bavS-vebis avadmyofoba... _ yvelafers faravda universitetis gaxsnis molodini~ (Jurnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w.).

rodis iqmneboda samecniero Sromebi(naTela javaxiSvilis mogonebidan)

`mama yovel dRe 7 saaTze ukve magidas ujda xolme da muSaobda. 9-10 saaTze ukve saxlidan gadioda. samuSaodan dabrunebisas da sadilis Semdeg arasodes isvenebda da-wolili. aivanze bolTis cemiT, zurgze xelebSemowyo-bili gaivl-gamoivlida da kvlav magidas miujdeboda. ase muSaobda Ramis 10 saaTamde. 10 saaTze ukve sawolSi iwva. rodesac qalaqSi gasuli saxlSi brundeboda, rac unda daRlili da SeuZlod yofiliyo, maSinve sagareo tansac-melsa da fexsacmels gamoicvlida, TviTonve gabertyavda da daabinavebda. Tumca Cveni ojaxis mravalricxovnobis gamo farTi sakmarisi ar gvqonda, mamas, rasakvirvelia, calke kabineti hqonda. erT xanobas did sastumro oTaxSi karebiT gadaRobili kuTxe, romelic ufro gvian calke oTaxad gadakeTda, magram Zalian iSviaT SemTxvevaSi muS-aobda xolme mama Tavis sawer magidasTan. am dros mamas

ivane javaxiSvilis samuSao magida, xelnawerTa erovnuli centri


Zma, giorgic, universitetis profesori, bunebismetyve-li, ukve CvenTan iyo gadmosuli da ai, sasadilo magidas erTi TavSi, xolo meore _ boloSi miusxdebodnen xolme da saerTo xmaurSi, bavSvebisa da ufrosebis laparaksa da siarulis dros iqmneboda mamaCemis samecniero Sromebi~ (Jurnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w.).

Jesti(naTela javaxiSvilis mogonebidan)

`Sua muSaobaSi iyo xolme mama, gaiReboda kari, papida-Cemi gamoixedavda Tavisi oTaxidan da ikiTxavda: `vanojan, romeli saaTia?~ mamaCemi imav wuTs fexze wamoiWreboda, Tu dila iyo, xelze eamboreboda da ise moaxsenebda pasuxs, Tu es dRis ganmavlobaSi xdeboda (da xdeboda araerTxel), mama yovelTvis wamodgeboda da ise pasuxobda. xSirad amas sxva SekiTvebic mosdevda xolme da mama aseve fexze amd-gari upasuxebda~ (Jurnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w.).

mimndobis xvedri (naTela javaxiSvilis mogonebidan)

`mama sruliad realuri adamiani iyo, yovelgvar yalb Sexedulebebsa da azrebs moklebuli. misi ̀ wmindanoba~ iyo mis uaRresad maRalzneobriv principebSi, mis uspetakes piruTvnelobasa da patiosnebaSi da radgan TviTon iyo aseTi wminda bunebis, is sxvebis siyalbes xSirad ver xe-davda, yvelafers ise Rebulobda, rogorc mas aCvenebdnen. ver warmoedgina, rom adamiani xSirad patiosnebis niRbis qveS meore, sawinaaRmdego saxes malavda da amitomac bev-rjer cdeboda adamianTa SefasebaSi. xolo maSin ki, rode-sac Zalauneburad rwmundeboda Tavis SecdomaSi, es gare-moeba mas did zneobriv tanjvas ayenebda.

mamas xasiaTis sawinaaRmdego bunebisa iyo biZaCemi giorgi. igi ukve zedmetad eWviani iyo. Zmebs Zalian uyvar-daT erTmaneTi, gansakuTrebiT giorgis. misi siyvaru-


li mamaCemisadmi pirdapir avadmyofuri iyo. igi xSirad afrTxilebda mamas, ar yofiliyo aseTi mimndobi da gu-laxdili zogierTebTan da am niadagze xSirad SeekamaTe-boda xolme mama biZaCems, eubneboda, rom ar SeiZleba ase undoblad da eWviT epyrobode adamianebso, magram giorgi mainc Tavis azrze rCeboda da unda iTqvas, samwuxarod, bevri ram misi eWvianobidan marTldeboda...~ (Jurnali `nekeri~ 2-4, 1990 w.).

`mamis kudi~(aleqsandre javaxiSvilis mogonebidan)

`skolis periodSi javaxiSvilis Svilobas CemTvis ara-viTari privilegia ar moucia raime SeRavaTis Tvalsaz-risiT. erTxel Cveni axalgazrda `sazmecis~ maswavlebeli gvimtkicebda _ namdvili istoria proletariatma unda daweros, yvela sxva istoria yalbiao _ maT Soris, cxadia, javaxiSvilis istoriul gamokvlevebsac gulisxmobda. maSin mama universitetidan daiTxoves da misi kritikis, ufro sworad, ganqeqvis periodi iwyeboda. erTxel gamiZ-axa maswavlebelma da, roca sakiTxi ise movuyevi, rogorc mwamda da rogorc meswavla, karebze mimiTiTa _ Senc mama-Sens migayolebT kudSi, daikarge aqedano.

stalinis suraTze Tavaziani uari(aleqsandre javaxiSvilis mogonebidan)

es ocdaaTiani wlebis miwuruls moxda, roca uecrad, TiTqosda viRacis jadosnuri kverTxis daqneviT, gaax-sendaT ivane javaxiSvilis arseboba: airCies akademiaSi, daajildoves, waayenes deputatad _ mocvivdnen, dagviy-enes telefoni, saxli saxeldaxelod gagviremontes, Sem-ovarda kinostudiac. undodaT gadaeRoT mama Sin, muSao-bis dros. `kabineti~ rom naxes, Secbnen... cota xnis Semdeg gaaCines yvavilebi, romlebic fanjarasTan `JardinierSi~ moaTavses, moitanes stalinis uzarmazari suraTic _ ke-


delze dasakideblad; reJiso-ris CanafiqriT, mas STambeWda-vi, momgebiani foni unda Seeqmna kadrSi momuSave ivane javaxiS-vilisaTvis. stalinis suraTze mamam Tavaziani uari uTxra...

rogorc iqna, moawyves nam-dvili inscenireba da gadaiRes _ rogor muSaobs ivane javax-iSvili Sin. es kadrebi dResac arsebobs... arada, sinamdvileSi mama sul sxvagvarad muSaobda.

nakuwebad qceuli furceli(akademikos mariam lorTqifaniZis mogonebidan)

1939 wlis seqtemberSi, rodesac universitetSi Cavi-ricxeT me, oTar jafariZe, givi kiRuraZe da kidev ramden-ime Cveni amxanagi, daviwyeT leqciebis cxrilSi ivane ja-vaxiSvilis Zebna. aRmovaCineT, rom igi iuristebs qarTuli samarTlis istorias ukiTxavda. viTxoveT, rom mogvcemo-da ivane javaxiSvilis leqciebze daswrebis ufleba. Tval-win midgas misi auditoriaSi Semosvlis suraTi _ Semovi-doda didi sasmeni aparatiT da Savi `portfeliT~.

maxsendeba erTi aseTi SemTxveva: ivane javaxiSvili yoveli leqciis bolos ramdenime wuTs tovebda SekiTx-vebisTvis. radgan cudad esmoda, gvTxovda, rom SekiTxve-bi werilobiT migvewodebina. uecrad mas gadasces furce-li. batonma ivanem furcelze dawerili SekiTxva xmamaRla waikiTxa: `arsebobs stalinis moZRvreba, rom qarTvelebi erad Camoyalibdnen XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi, Tqven ki saidan iwyebT qarTveli eris istorias?~. xom warmogidge-niaT, ra samarisebuli siCume Camovarda auditoriaSi... yve-las erTi fiqri utrialebda TavSi _ ra moxdeba? batonma ivanem wynarad aiRo es furceli, dakeca, wvril nakuwebad


aqcia, samelneSi Cayara, Tavisi nivTebi Caalaga, mohkida `portfels~ xeli da auditoriidan gavida. gaognebulni gamovediT gareT. Cemi megobrebi mawynarebdnen _ ivane javaxiSvilis es saqcieli am situaciaSi erTaderTi swori gamosavali iyoo. mere da mere mivxvdi, rom, marTlac, es yvelaze marTebuli qmedeba iyo _ javaxiSvilma SekiTxvis avtori pasuxis Rirsadac ki ar CaTvala.

sabednierod, represiebis talRa ukve Cavlili iyo. Tanac, ivane javaxiSvili, maSin, akademikosi da umaRlesi sabWos deputati iyo da aseTi ram aRar emuqreboda, Torem es ambavi rom saTanado adgilamde miaRwevda, amaSi ori azri ar arsebobs.

nino kakuliaTsu-is gazeT `Tbilisis unievrsitetis~



g 14 h

leqciis kiTxvisas dasrulebuli sicocxle

`naTelo kaco, sikvdilis frTaver dagabnelebs,

Sen saqarTvelos istoriisxar rjulmdebeli!~

lado asaTiani

ivane javaxiSvils uyvarda xalxuri _ `kai yma laSqars mahkvdebis~...

ivane javaxiSvils leqciis kiTxvisas gauskda guli. ukanaskneli sityva, rasac suli amoayola, iyo _ `TaTari~. es iyo 1940 wlis 18 noemberi.

erTxel peterburgidan ivane javaxiSvils werili gaugzavnia meuRlisTvis, romelSic naambobi iyo, rom ivane daswrebia erT leqcias, romlis kiTxvisas profesori iqve uecrad gardaclila. am suraTiT STagonebuli iwere-boda: ubednieresi kaci yofila, Tavisi sayvareli saqmis Sesrulebisas gardaicvalao. bednieri iqneba is, visac be-dad aseTi sikvdili uweriao... gavida wlebi da ivane javax-iSvils swored amgvari sikvdili arguna bedma _ mokvda lamazad, misi mowafeebis xelebze gadasvenebuli...

universitetis TanamSromeli giorgi kvitaiSvili pi-radad Seeswro ivane javaxiSvilis gardacvalebis faqts, rasac Tavis mogonebaSi sakmaod emociurad aRwers:

`18 noembers, orSabaTs, saRamos 8 saaTze xelovnebis muSakTa saxlSi daniSnuli iyo akademikos ivane javax-iSvilis leqcia Semdeg Temaze: `qarTuli filologiisa da Zveli mxatvruli mwerlobis istoriis amocanebi~. ivniss aqeT batoni ivane me ar menaxa da gadavwyvite mox-senebaze wasvla. Tanac gulSi imedi miRvivdeboda, mox-senebis pirvel nawils rom gaaTavebda, piradad vnaxavdi da visaubrebdiT, rogorc Cveuli viyavi amas. im saRamos


CemTan movida Cveni as-piranti n. nikolaiSvi-li da oriveni erTad wavediT moxsenebaze. kibeze rom avdiodiT, SemogvierTda leqtori giorgi WumburiZe da er-Tad SevediT darbazSi. 8 saaTs 15 wuTi uklda, darbazi ki carieli iyo: sazogadoeba dagvi-anebiT iyrida Tavs, vi-naidan saqmis dRe iyo da bevrni saRamos sam-saxuriT iyvnen daka-vebulni. me da giorgi WumburiZe pirvel rigSi davsxediT, rom ufro gulmodgined mogves-mina moxseneba. male ga-

moCndnen Cveni universitetis profesorebi: akaki SaniZe, arnold Ciqobava, varlam Tofuria, gogi (giorgi vasilis Ze) wereTeli da maTac pirvel rigSi daikaves adgilebi. ager eleqtronis zarma daiwkriala da xalxic dalagda, daCumda. cxris 20 wuTi iyo, rodesac gverdiTa oTaxis kari gaiRo da gamoCnda batoni ivane, romelic nelis nabijiT, portfeliT xelSi, Sav `Statskur~ tanisamosSi gamowyobili, gaemarTa magidisaken (magida idga scenis Suagulze tribunis magivrad). sazogadoeba mquxare ta-Sis cemiT Sexvda da, sanam batoni ivane ar dabrZanda ska-mze da sazogadoebas dinjad Tavi ar dauxara madlobis niSnad, taSis cema ar Sewyvetila. mas Semohyva axalgaz-rda mecnieri vladimer maWavariani da orTavem daikaves adgili magidasTan.

rodesac baton ivanes Sevxede, SemeSinda; TiTqos kaci ki ara, marmarilos Zegli Semovida: gafiTrebuli umoZrao saxe, vercxliviT TeTri Tma, ulvaSebi, warbebi, gaqvavebu-li mzera, gamxdari sxeuli.


Tavi ver Sevikave da giorgi WumburiZes vuTxari: Sexede, kaco, marmarilos qandakebas ara hgavs-meTqi? giorgi damemowma. maSinve TavSi gamielva azrma _ am kacis dReebi daTvlilia-meTqi... Turme nu ityviT, saaTebi yo-fila daTvlili.

v. maWavarianma gaxsna kreba. gamoacxada moxsenebis sa-gani da TviTon aRar gaCerda iq, Camovida Zirs da pirvel rigSi dajda kedelTan. batonma ivanem gaxsna Tavisi port-feli, amoiRo samagido kalendris msgavsi patara forma-tis nawerebi, idayvebiT daeyrdno magidas, dauwyo xelebs sresa, Tavi maRla aswia, Tvali gadaavlo krebas da daiwyo laparaki. TiTqos axlac mesmis yurSi misi dinji saubari, misi xmis sasiamovno tembri, mWidrod dalagebuli wina-dadebebi... arsad zedmeti sityva, azris Tavisuflad gaS-la tkbili qarTuli eniT, _ yvelaferi es momxiblavi iyo, momajadoebeli. mxolod baton ivanes SeeZlo mecnieruli leqciiTa da SesaniSnavi qarTuliT daetkbo seriozuli qarTveli sazogadoeba ise, rom yvela sulganabuli us-menda.

batoni ivane gadaSlis Tavis xelnawers da kiTxulobs citats àmiran-darejanianidan~, sadac naxmaria sityva TaTari. citatis wakiTxvis Semdeg batoni ivane apirebs ra-Rac winadadebis Tqmas,: àmgvarad, Ta...~ am dros aRmoxda sazareli xma _ òooh~ _ jer marcxniT gadaaqana Tavi da Tvalebi gadaatriala, mere marjvena xeli miaSvela Tavs, axla marjvniv gadmoaqnia Tavi, dasdo xelisgulze iday-vze dayrdnobiT, kiseri moekeca da Tvalebi daxuWa da is iyo skamidan unda gadavardniliyo, magram am dros mivard-nen a. SaniZe, maWavariani da sxvebi, aiyvanes skamidan, magram fexze ukve veRar dgeboda, fexebi mowyvetili hqonda... ma-Sin moxvies xelebi fexebsa da tanze da gadaiyvanes dasas-venebel oTaxSi, gverdiT.

mTeli darbazi erTbaSad wamoiSala, wamocvivdnen sce-nisaken. saxeze yvelas gakvirveba da SiSi etyoboda. daiZa-xes: ̀ eqimi, eqimi, vin xarT aq eqimi?~ darbazSi aRmoCnda erTi moxucebuli eqimi kalandariSvili, gamoiwvies telefoniT saswrafo daxmareba. avadmyofi daawvines magidaze da dau-wyes xelebisa da fexebis sresa, zela. darbazSi xalxs hgo-


nia, rom mecniers guli wauvida da male mobrundeba. ba-ton ivanes guli susti hqonda da amave dros 1 saaTi da 15 wuTi dausveneblad laparakobda. avadmyofTan Sesvlisa gverideba, rom siCume ar dairRves, yovel gamosuls oTaxi-dan vekiTxebiT: `rogoraa saqme?~ _ `jer ver movida gons~, _ ismis pasuxi. ager saswrafo daxmarebac movida, axla qa-furs SeuSxapunebeno. xalxi mouTmenlobas iCens, yovel-wuTi saukuned gveCveneba, gvinda sanugeSo ambavi gavigoT.

gaukeTes qafuri, sxeulma qafuri ar miiRo da... saT-noebis das wamoscda _ mkvdaria! iqve idga batoni ivanes qaliSvili naTela. gaigona Tu ara es saSineli sityva, Se-hqmna kivili. mohkides xeli da gamoiyvanes darbazSi, Semo-exvivnen gogi wereTeli da sxvebi, amSvidebdnen: `damSvid-di, saTnoebis dam ra icis, moucadoT qafuris moqmedebas, eqimebi movlen kidev~.

mTeli darbazi SeSfoTebulia, nervebdaWimuli, yve-las SiSis gamometyveleba aqvs saxeze, zogi cremls ver ikavebs.

amasobaSi gavida 15 wuTi. gamovida giorgi WumburiZe, SemovexvieT: `aba ras ityvi?~ `eqimebi amboben _ unugeSo mdgomareobaao, gvami civdeba~, _ Zlivs Tqva yelSi sisxl-mobjenilma da Tvalcremlianma giorgim. Semdeg gamovid-nen akaki SaniZe, pavle ingoroyva: `gaTavda!~

Znelia imis warmodgena, Tu rogor imoqmeda am gulSe-mzaravma sityvebma sazogadoebaze: zogi aqviTinda mwared, gansakuTrebiT qalebi. zogs saxe gahSeSeboda da Tvalebi mieSterebina im oTaxisaken, sadac mecnieris gvami esvena. zogi simwriT xelebs imtvrevda, zogi gaxevebuli idga, zogi TavCaqindruli da welmowyvetili skamze ijda da maRla axedva, sinaTlis danaxva ar undoda. ramdenime wuTs aseT mdgomareobaSi iyo xalxi. amave dros mecnieri gvams saswrafo daxmareba mosavda da wasasveneblad amzadebda.

darbazis karebTan xalxi amoZravda, Semovida 2 vaJi, isini Cqari nabijiT wavidnen gansvenebulis oTaxisaken. `batoni ivanes vaJebi arian~, _ gaisma darbazSi da amas mo-hyva xalxis mware qviTini.

Svilebi Caekonen mamis gvams, tirodnen gulamoskvni-li, Zlivs moaSores gvams. `batoni ivanes meuRle xom ar


mosula?~ _ kiTxuloben darbazSi. àr Seutyobinebi-aT, eSiniaT, uecrad guli ar gauskdeso~, _ ismis pasuxi. `ki, magram, gvami xom saxlSi unda waasvenon?~ àra, ama-Ram gvams samkurnalo kom-binatSi waiReben da iq unda gakveTon~... èh, ra mecn-ieri mogvikvda!!!~ `lamazi sikvdili sanatrelia~, _ vTqvi me. àn aqamde rogor gasZlo _ nawlavebis daavadebis gamo 15 weliwadia mawvni-sa da suxaris meti pirSi araferi Casvlia. merme kidev eg dalocvili sul muSaobda. wuTiT ar dausvenia~, _ Tqva erTma... `ver movuareT, Cven varT damnaSave: ramden-jer sxdoma da Sexvedra iqneboda, usaTuod misTvis unda dagveZaxna. kaci iRleboda am Sekrebebze, sustdeboda~... `guSin aq, am darbazSi axalgazrda mecnieri gabunias pan-aSvidze ramdenime saaTi fexze idga, mere micvalebuls gahyva, uTuod gacivda, amboben, dRes diliT SeuZlod iyoo, magram, radganac, gazeTebSi ukve gamoecxadebinaT dRevandeli moxseneba, amitom ukan veRar daixia da kide-vac Seswira movaleobas Tavi~, _ Tqva viRacam. `sxvas Tavi davaneboT, guldasustebulma adamianma saaTi da 15 wuTi ganuwyvetliv ilaparaka, saaTebze xom viyurebodiT? rom Sesrulda 40 wuTi, ratom ar moagoneT, Seewyvita lapara-ki, daesvena 10-15 wuTi mainc, maSin, SeiZleba, es ubedureba arc momxdariyo, guli daisvenebda~, _ Tqva erTma. ̀ gverd-Si aravin ujda da Cven ki ver gavbedeT~, _ iyo pasuxi.

am dros darbazSi gaisma xmebi: `mTavrobis wevrebi mov-idnen, filipe maxaraZe movida!~ xalxma miaSura dasasvene-bel oTaxs: gansvenebulis gvami ukve sakaceze iyo Tavis tanisamosSi, xelebdamwyvdeuli gulze. filipe dasCere-boda gvams, mas uyveboda ambavs akaki SaniZe, ukve apir-ebdnen sakacis awevas, rom am dros kidev mivarda mamas erT-erTi vaJi, Caekona mkerdSi da yrud qviTinebda ramdenime wams. Semdeg gvams gadaafares Savi sudara, aswies da nel-

ivane javaxiSvilis niRabi,Tsu muzeumi


nela Camoasvenes kibeze, gaitanes da Seasvenes saswrafo daxmarebis etlSi. iqneboda 11-is naxevari; quCa mTlad gavsiliyo xalxiT, zogni, axlad mosulni, kiTxulobdnen _ vin mokvdao da, rodesac gaigebdnen, vinc gardaicvala, gakvirvebasa da mwuxarebas gamoTqvamdnen.

ager daiZra etli da Cveni mecnieris gvami waiRes sam-kurnalo kombinatSi. xalxi nel-nela daiSala, vbrunde-bodiT saxlebSi TavCaRunuli da welmowyvetili~. (giorgi kvitaiSvilis es mogoneba dabeWdilia JurnalSi `qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi~, 1986 w.)

ivane javaxiSvilis ukanasknel leqcias eswreboda aka-ki SaniZis 14 wlis qaliSvili mzeqala SaniZe (amJamad ukve cnobili profesori), romelic mamam waiyvana leqciis mo-sasmenad. `im sabediswero dRes Cemi TvaliT vnaxe, rogor wamoiqca kaci...“ _ gviTxra mzeqala SaniZem da gaixsena: `ivane javaxiSvilis dakrZalvaze mamaCemma warmoTqva si-tyva, romelSic aseTi ram aRniSna: axla unda vTqva is, rac mis sicocxleSi verasodes gavbedeo. igulisxmeboda ivane javaxiSvilis xasiaTi da Tavmdabloba. Bbaton ivanes ar uyvarda mis sidideze saubari da arasodes iguebda pirSi Seqebas. mamaCemmac ki mxolod maSin gabeda amaze saubari, roca mis saflavTan idga da ase mimarTa mas: `dido ivane!“ igi ar iyo Cveulebrivi kaci. mecnieric bevria da organi-zatoric, magram es Sinagani Zala, mizandasaxuloba, uaR-resi Tavmdabloba, saqmisadmi uryevi erTguleba, erT kac-Si Tavmoyrili, xSirad ar gvxvdeba. amiT iyo igi yvelasagan gamorCeuli“.




g 15 h

Tsu-sTvis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelis miniWeba iyo xazgasma

universitetis erovnuli xasiaTisa

1989 wlis 15 maiss Tbilisis saxelmwifo uni-versitetis didma samec-niero sabWom istoriuli gadawyvetileba miiRo _ universitets misi dam-fuZneblis da qarTuli mec-nierebis mesaZirkvlis _ ivane javaxiSvilis saxeli mianiWa.

am movlenas win uZRoda 1988 wels akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZis mier univer-sitetis 70-e wlis iubileze wamoyenebuli winadadeba universitetisTvis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelis mini-Webis Sesaxeb, rac erTi wlis Semdeg aRsrulda. Tumca unda iTqvas, rom komunis-turi nomenklaturis interesebis gamo maSindeli xelisu-flebis wreebSi farul winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen Tamaz gamyreliZis winadadebas. es winaaRmdegoba universitetma daZlia.

`am keTilSobiluri aqtis ganxorcielebaze karga xani vfiqrobdiT, magram wlebis manZilze gamotarebuli am didi survilis xorcSesxma rom dRes moxda, SemTxveviTi sulac araa, piriqiT, niSandoblivicaa. rogorc mogex-senebaT, Sobils rom gauWirdeba, pirvel rigSi mSobels monaxavs. aseve Cven, Cveni xalxisTvis am metad mZime pe-

Tamaz gamyreliZe


riodSi movigoneT is adamiani, is didi pirovneba da didi qarTveli, romelmac safuZveli daudo Cvens qveyanaSi umaRles ganaTlebas,~ _ ganacxada samecniero sabWos sx-domaze universitetis maSindelma reqtorma nodar amaR-lobelma.

sxdomaze kidev erTxel gaixsenes ivane javaxiSvilis Rvawli da aRniSnes, rom yvela umaRlesi saswavlebeli, romelic dRes saqarTveloSi arsebobs, saTaves Tbilisis universitetisagan iRebs da nasazrdoebia ivane javax-iSvilis didi geniiT, mecnieruli da gonebrivi SesaZle-blobebiT. `minda yvelas mogagonoT ivane javaxiSvilis midgoma universitetis statusisadmi. igi yvelafers akeTebda, rom universiteti gadaerCina xelyofisa da Seuracxyofisagan. Tumca, Cvenda samwuxarod, TviTonac ver gadaurCa amas da sicocxleSi araeTxel miayenes Seuracxyofa, magram mas asuldgmulebda imis gaazreba, rom ubedurebas acilebda Tavidan universitets,~ _ ga-nacxada nodar amaRlobelma (`Tbilisis universiteti~, 1989 w.).

universitetis samecniero sabWom mousmina aseve ideis avtors _ akademikos Tamaz gamyreliZes, romelmac gamos-vlaSi aRniSna, rom universitetisTvis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelis miniWebis aqti aris universitetis avtonomiis erT-erTi piroba. `Cveni universitetisaTvis misi dam-aarseblis saxelis mikuTvneba amave dros aris xazgasma universitetis erovnuli xasiaTisa, xazgasma imisa, rom Tbilisis universitetis daarseba zevidan ki ar aris nabo-Zebi, rogorc es moxda sxvadasxva respublikebSi maTi gas-abWoebis Semdeg, aramed imisa, rom es universiteti TviT qarTvelma xalxma Seqmna, Seqmna mecnierebis is taZari, romelSic iwyo aRorZineba qarTulma mecnierebam da kul-turam... Tbilisis universitetis mniSvneloba am aqtiT, Cemi azriT, Zalian gaizrdeba. is Cadgeba msoflios wamyvan saxelobiT universitetTa rigSi,~ _ ganacxada Tamaz ga-myreliZem.

samecniero sabWos wevrebma erTsulovnad gamoxates neba _ Tbilisis universitets mieniWos ivane javaxiSvi-lis saxeli.


g 16 h

STagonebis wyarod qceuli Zegli

universitetis ezoSi gamorCeuli da sapatio adgili uWiravs ivane javaxiSvilis Zegls. Zeglis avtori gaxlavT saqarTvelos damsaxurebuli mxatvari, saxalxo premiis laureati, Tbilisis sapatio moqalaqe, profesori Tengiz RviniaSvili.

`es Zegli Cemi sadiplomo namuSevari gaxldaT. amiT msurda gamomexata Cemi udidesi mowiweba da pativiscema ivane javaxiSvilis pirovnebis mimarT, _ ambobs CvenTan saubarSi Rvawlmosili moqandake. albaT axalgazrda mo-qandakis sadiplomo namuSevarSi Caqsovilma udidesma gancdebma ganapiroba is faqti, rom niko kecxovels ivane javaxiSvilis swored es Zegli moswonebia da Suamdgomlo-ba gauwevia, raTa igi universitetis ezoSi, ivane javaxiSvi-lis saflavze aRemarTaT.

Cems bavSvobaSi mTeli aqcenti ssrk-s istoriis swav-lebaze iyo gadatanili, saqarTvelos istorias ki mxolod ojaxebSi aswavlidnen. swored Cemma mamidam, qalbatonma ana RviniaSvilma Caminerga ganusazRvreli siyvaruli sa-qarTvelos istoriisadmi~, _ ixsenebs batoni Tengizi. misi meuRle, qalbatoni TaTuli masxaraSvili-RviniaS-vili ki bavSvobaSi ivane javaxiSvilTan SemTxveviT Sexve-dris STabeWdilebas hyveba: _ merve klasSi viyavi. bafTiT Tavze, saskolo formaSi gamowyobili, dedasTan samsax-urSi _ saxelmwifo muzeumSi miviCqarodi. zRurblze unda gadamebijebina, rodesac ivane javaxiSvili davinaxe da, ra Tqma unda, gza davuTme. arafris didebiT ar gamov-ida Senobidan, mec mowiwebiT videqi, maSin xeli momkida, muzeumSi SemiZRva da miTxra: ra asakSic ar unda iyos qali, mamakacma yovelTvis unda dauTmos gza.

aseTi pirovneba rom iyo, albaT, imitomac aniWebda bevrs ivane javaxiSvilTan urTierToba sulier siamovne-bas. cnobilia aseTi faqtic, universitetis ezoSi ivane javaxiSvilis Zegls Tvals ver wyvets Salva nucubiZe. am


dros mas universitetis maSindeli reqtori niko kecxove-li miuaxlovda da hkiTxa _ rao, Salva, mogwons ivanes gverdiT adgilio? Sens gverdiT dgomas, ivanes gverdiT wola mirCevniao, _ upasuxia misTvis Salva nucubiZes.

samomavlod ivane javaxiSvilis Zegli Tamaz WilaZi-saTvis STagonebis wyarod iqca. Semoqmedma dawera leqsi `ivane javaxiSvilis Zegli universitetis ezoSi~. poets uZneldeba gadmogvces is emociebi, am leqsis Seqmnas Tavis droze rom axlda da dRes, wlebis gadasaxedidan, oriode sityviT ase gamoxatavs sakuTar ganwyobas: _ gana SeiZle-boda, ivane javaxiSvilze leqsi ar damewera?!

ivane javaxiSvilis Zegli universitetis ezoSi

gexveva Wadris foTlebis siTbo,amdeni wyluli ram dagaCnia...yvela brZolaSi daeci TiTqoda yvela brZolam gadagarCina!monRolis cecxliT Tmagatrusuli,ai, mobrundi CvenTan iseve,da vidre saxlSi Semoxvidodi,TiTqos ezoSi Camoisvene ...

Tamaz WilaZe


g 17 h

sad `cxovrobs~ dRes ivane javaxiSvili

ivane javaxiSvilis piradi arqivi da memorialuri nivTebi dRes saqaTvelos xelnawerTa erovnul centrSia Tavmoyrili. aq funqcionirebs misi kabineti, romelic sulac araa mxolod samuzeumo eqsponatebisgan Semdgari oTaxi _ aq misul mkvlevars an ubralod dainteresebul pirs SeuZlia, Cveulebriv, isargeblos didi mecnieris biblioTekiT.

ivane javaxiSvilis piradi arqivi 70-ian wlebSi mec-nieris qaliSvilma _ naTela javaxiSvilma istoriis in-stituts gadasca. mogvianebiT arqivma xelnawerTa insti-tutSi (dRes xelnawerTa erovnuli centri) daido bina.

1976 wels mecnieris 100 wlis iubileze wignad gamoica `ivane javaxiSvilis piradi arqivis aRweriloba~, romelic profesorma ana baqraZem da naTela javaxiSvilma Seadgines. masSi mocemulia sruli nusxa, rogorc gamoqveynebuli Sromebisa, ise wignebisa Tu sagazeTo statiebisa. warmod-genilia 4 aTasi saarqivo erTeuli, romelic Tematurad da qronologiuradaa dalagebuli. igi moicavs ivane ja-vaxiSvilis mecnieruli memkvidreobis da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis amsaxvel masalas, mimoweras da a. S.

rogorc wignis _ `ivane javaxiSvilis piradi arqivis aRweriloba~ SesavalSi mecnieris qaliSvili da profe-sori ana baqraZe aRniSnaven, ivane javaxiSvilis memkvidre-obis moZieba da Seswavla misi gardacvalebis pirvelive TveebSi daiwyo. arqivze muSaobisas, upirveles yovlisa, gakeTda zogadi aRwera im naSromebisa, romelic saweri ma-gidis ujrebSi da karadebSi iyo Tavmoyrili, Sedga samec-niero Sromebis sia.

arqivis Seswavlam mravali saintereso da manamde uc-nobi masala gamoavlina. arqivis safondo erTeuli gadan-awilebulia sxvadasxva Sinaarsis jgufebad da 7 karisgan


xelnawerTa erovnuli centri


Sedgeba: I kari Seicavs ivane javaxiSvilis da misi naTesao-bis cxovrebis amsaxveli masalebis aRweras, II kari _ samec-niero memkvidreobis aRwerilobas moicavs da 10 Tavisagan Sedgeba. III karSi ganxilulia masala, romelic asaxavs ivane javaxiSvilis moRvaweobas sxvadasxva samecniero daweseb-ulebebSi. IV kari eTmoba mecnieris sazogado moRvaweobis amsaxveli masalebis aRwerilobas da, ZiriTadad, exeba mis urTierTobas da TanamSromlobas sxvadasxva periodul gamocemebTan da dawesebulebebTan.NBV karSi, romelic ar-qivis udides nawilad iTvleba, Sesulia ivane javaxiSvilis mimowera qarTvel Tu ucxoel mecnierebTan. VI karSi Tav-moyrili masala gaerTianebulia saxelwodebiT `narevi~, romelic uSualod ar exeba ivane javaxiSvils, Tumca mas-Tan dakavSirebulia da Seicavs sxvadasxva debulebebsa da samuzeumo-saorganizacio sakiTxebs. VII kari ki arqivSi dacul fotosuraTebis aRwerilobas moicavs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom ivane javaxiSvilis arqivSi daculia mecnieris TiTqmis yvela Sromis dedani. gardacvalebis Semdeg pirvelad gamoqveynda misi fundamenturi naSromi `qarTveli eris istoriis Sesavali~, wigni 1, me-3 tomis mokle da vrceli varianti, `masalebi materialuri kul-turis istoriisaTvis~, `qarTuli enisa da mwerlobis is-toriis sakiTxebi~, `masalebi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri istoriisaTvis~ da sxva. am saarqivo masalebiT zustdeba is dargebi, romlebzec mecnieri wlebis ganmavlobaSi muS-aobda.

gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa mimowera, romlis qro-nologiuri farglebi 45 wels (1895-1940) moicavs. arqivSi daculi werilebi naTlad metyvelebs misi interesebis farTo diapazonze. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa mimowera qarTvel da ucxoel mecnierebTan. werilebis erTi nawili asaxavs qarTvel mecnierTa saqmianobas Tbilisis saxelm-wifo universitetSi, maT mecnierul interesebsa da mimdi-nareobas. ivane javaxiSvilTan mimowera hqoniaT iseT cno-bil pirovnebebs, rogorebic arian: kita abaSiZe, mixeil gedevaniSvili, iason baqraZe, eqvTime TayaiSvili, daviT kakabaZe, aleqsandre kalandaZe, mose janaSvili, mariam jambakur-orbeliani, Salva RambaSiZe, simon yauxCiSvili,


sergei karpovi, ioseb anTiZe, dimitri axvlediani, ivane beritaSvili, robert bleiki, konstantine gamsaxurdia, gigo gabaSvili, mixeil gobrini, Tamar vaxvaxiSvili, pavle ingoroyva, giorgi leoniZe, leonide episkoposi, ioseb ocxeli, viqtor rozeni, andrei sudaneki, akaki SaniZe, giorgi CubinaSvili, kalistrate cincaZe, simon janaSia da sxva.

ivane javaxiSvili erT kerZo werilSi pedagogs giorgi kvitaiSvils werda: ̀ me didi xnis sicocxle ar damrCenia da yvelanairad unda vcado, umTavresi naSromebis gamocema mainc movaswro. rodesac avtori mecnieri cocxali aRar aris, Znelia imis gamorkveva, Tu ranairad daamTavrebda igi, TviTon rom moeswro kvleva-Ziebis dasruleba. ufro Zneli gasarkvevi iqneba Cems damTavrebul naSromebSi garkveva, radgan bevr sxvadasxva samecniero dargze muS-aobis gamo wlebis sxvadasxva dros maqvs nawil-nawil dawerili, moulodnelobis gamo kvleva-Zieba Sewyvetilia da imedia, SemdegSi movaxerxeb imis daweras, rac Cemma mex-sierebam icis. Tu amasTanave, imasac davumatebT, rom Cemi nawerebi stambaSi micemamdis gverdebis paginacia wesad ar maqvs, advilad warmosadgenia, rom ukeTesia CemTvis Sromebis gamoqveynebisaTvis momendomebina is mcire dro, romelic damrCa sicocxlis sarbielze~.

mecnieris pirad arqivs kargad icnobs erovnuli cen-tris arqivTmcodneobis departamentis xelmZRvaneli, istorikosi goCa saiTiZe, romelic ivane javaxiSvilis germanul samecniero urTierTobebs ikvlevs. igi gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~ JurnalistTan SurTxia beroS-vilTan interviuSi aRniSnavs: `xelnawerTa erovnul cen-trSi ivane javaxiSvilis sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis amsaxveli masala srulad aris warmodgenili. Tumca zo-gierTi maTgani, ZiriTadad, misi piradi saqme, Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi inaxeba. centralur arqivSi, aseve, daculia misi sabWoTa xelisuflebasTan urTier-Tobis amsaxveli masalebi, romelTagan zogierTi liter-aturis muzeumSic inaxeba. xelnawerTa erovnuli centris saarqivo fondSi daculia ivane javaxiSvilis Semoqmedeb-iTi procesis amsaxveli masala: maTi Seswavlis da gac-


nobis Semdeg SegviZlia naTlad warmovidginoT, Tu rogor muSaobda igi Tavis ukvdav `qarTveli eris istoriaze~ da sxva masalebze, _ ar arsebobda sfero, ara marto qarTul istoriografiaSi, aramed, zogadad, yvela sferoSi, arqe-ologiiT dawyebuli musikiT damTavrebuli, rom mas naS-romi ar mieZRvna.~

goCa saiTiZe saarqivo masalebze dayrdnobiT ambobs, rom masalebis gacnoba iZleva safuZvels vifiqroT, rom ivane javaxiSvili axal naSromze muSaobas, upirveles yovlisa, bibliografiis SedgeniT iwyebda. igives urCev-da igi Tavis moswavleebsa da momaval mkvlevrebsac. mas miaCnda, rom swored sruli bibliografiis Sedgena iyo safuZvliani saqmis dasawyisi. meore etapze, mecnieri, ama Tu im wyarodan amonawerebs akeTebda rogorc qarTuli, ise ucxouri literaturidan (igi srulyofilad flobda germanuls da rusuls, aseve, kargad icoda franguli da inglisuri enebi). sxvadasxva wyaroebis damuSavebis Semdeg ki fundamenturi naSromis Seqmnas iwyebda. `ivane javaxiS-vilis arqivSi inaxeba misi mimowera, romelic mniSvnelova-nia rogorc mecnieris piradi cxovrebis, aseve, misi moR-vaweobis sruli suraTis aRsadgenad. rogorc cnobilia, misi mecnieruli miRwevebi aRiarebuli iyo ara marto saqa-rTveloSi, aramed mis farglebs gareT: ruseTSi, evropis samecniero wreebSi, rac kargad Cans mis pirad werilebSi. saarqivo masalebze dayrdnobiT ivane javaxiSvilze ara erTi gamokvleva daiwera, maT Soris _ mariam lorTqi-faniZis, roin metrevelis, vaxtang gurulis monografiebi, sergo jorbenaZis wigni `cxovreba da Rvawli ivane javax-iSvilsa~ da sxva. sasiamovnoa, rom didi ivanes moRvaweo-bisadmi interesi ar neldeba da axalgazrda istorikosebi dResac interesdebian saarqivo masalebiT,~ _ ganmartavs goCa saiTiZe.

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris direqtoris, isto-riis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesor buba kudavas in-formaciiT, ivane javaxiSvilis mdidari arqivi, xelnaweri wignebi, istoriuli dokumentebi, piradi nivTebi, beWduri gamocemebi Tu memorialuri nivTebi sxvadasxva dros sx-vadasxva gziT moxvda xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi. `sa-


bednierod, baton ivane javaxiSvils mdidari arqivi darCa. Cven vamayobT, rom SegviZlia misi movla-patronoba. misi moRvaweobis gacnobisas, ramac SegviZlia gagvakvirvos, es mecnieris ukidegano Tvalsawieri da uzarmazari energiaa. man saTave daudo imden dargs, rom TiToeulis dafuZne-bas calke mkvlevari sWirdeboda. igi mecnierul muSao-bas warmatebiT uTavsebda sazogadoebriv saqmianobasac miuxedavad imisa, rom umZimes periodSi mouwia cxovreba. universitetis daarseba principuli sakiTxi aRmoCnda ivane javaxiSvilisaTvis, mas Tavidanve gaazrebuli hqon-da, rom es ar unda yofiliyo mxolod saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba. drom aCvena, rom misi kursi swori iyo. ivane javaxiSvilis memkvidreobis kvleva kvlavac grZeldeba, amisTvis xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi yvela pirobaa Se-qmnili~, _ aRniSna buba kudavam.

ivane javaxiSvilis piradi biblioTeka da nivTebi xel-nawerTa erovnul centrs 1958 wels gadaeca. kabinetSi daculia 3. 003 erTeuli wigni da perioduli gamocema rogorc qarTul, ise ucxour enebze. wignadi fondi gan-sakuTrebiT mdidaria istoriuli da wyaroTmcodneobi-Ti xasiaTis literaturiT. kabinetSi inaxeba unikaluri pirvelnabeWdi wigni _ `baqaris biblia~ (1743), bibliebi sxvadasxva evropul da somxur enaze, aseve, berZeni is-torikosebis wyaroTmcodneobiTi literatura da sxva. unda aRiniSnos, rom ivane javaxiSvilis arqivma Semoinaxa afxazuri deda-ena, romelic iakob gogebaSvilis dedae-nis principiTaa Seqmnili da qarTuli anbaniTaa dawerili (afxazur skolaSi swored am dedaeniT aswavlidnen 1937 wlidan 1954 wlamde, Semdeg ki damwerloba kvlav kirili-caTi Seicvala). garda unikaluri gamocemebisa, ivane ja-vaxiSvilis kabinetSi mecnieris memorialuri nivTebi inaxeba.

am memorialuri kabinetis mflobelis _ ivane javaxiS-vilis mTeli simdidre wignebi yofila, sxva yvelaferi kom-fortuli samuSao garemos Seqmnas emsaxureboda. rogorc cnobilia, mas sakmaod didi da mdidari biblioTeka hqonia, romlis mniSvnelovani nawili maSin daikarga, rodesac pe-terburgidan TbilisSi matarebliT gamoagzavna. wlebis


ganmavlobaSi mecnierma biblioTeka kvlav gaamdidra uni-kaluri gamocemebiT. TiTqmis yvela wigns Tan axlavs misi avtografi.

aveji, romelic amJamad ivane javaxiSvilis memori-alur kabinetSia daculi, ZiriTadad, misi SekveTiT aris damzadebuli. gansakuTrebiT uyvarda Turme patara bor-blebiani moZravi karada, romelSic igi sacnobaro lit-eraturas, leqsikonebs da im wignebs inaxavda, romelic yvelaze xSirad sWirdeboda. es karada yovelTvis samuSao magidis gverdiT idga.

ivane javaxiSvilis memorialur kabinetSi inaxeba ram-denime wignebis karada, romelTagan erT-erTi wera-kiTx-vis gamavrcelebel sazogadoebas ekuTvnoda.

eqsponatTagan mniSvnelovania cnobili qarTveli mx-atvris avTo varazis mier Sesrulebuli ivane javaxiSvi-lis portreti, romelic 1940 wliT aris daTariRebuli. cnobilia, rom portretis Seqmnisas ivane javaxiSvilis vaJi _ aleqsandre javaxiSvili pozirebda.

didi mecnieri Turme Tavisufal dros siamovnebiT ukravda violinoze. kabinetSi daculia xis, muqi wablis-feri violino.

oTaxi, sadac is umetes dros atarebda, Turme sadad iyo mowyobili. kabinetSi inaxeba ori xis tyavgadakruli savarZeli da ori e. w. `venuri~ skami. mecnieris piradi nivTebidan ki aRsaniSnavia smenis gasaZlierebeli sas-meni aparati, Savi feris, ovaluri formis qudi, plastma-sis TeTr CarCoSi Casmuli lupa, romliTac igi wvrilad daweril Srifts kiTxulobda, oTxive mxridan oqrosferi sirmebiT da bafTebiT gawyobili Sindisferi xaverdis baliSi, e.w. `yurTbaliSi~; miniaturebis asli xelnaweri-dan `qilila da damana~; gardacvlilis saxidan aRebuli TabaSiris niRabi; ivane javaxiSvilis fotosuraTi, xeze nakveTi portreti da sxva. kabinetSi is gasaRebebic Senax-ulia, romliTac mecnieri karadebis da saweri magidis kars aRebda.

gansakuTrebul emocias iwvevs e.w. `franguli magidis~ xilva, romelTanac ivane javaxiSvili sicocxlis bolo wuTebSi, 1940 wels, xelovnebis muSakTa saxlSi idga da


mis ukanasknel leqcias kiTxulobda. mogvianebiT dawe-sebulebam magida ojaxs gadasca, ojaxma ki _ xelnawerTa erovnul centrs.

xelnawerTa erovnuli centris biblioTekis konsul-tantis, nana TargamaZis informaciiT, ivane javaxiSvilis memorialur kabinetSi arsebuli TiTqmis yvela nivTi cen-trs mecnieris ojaxma gadasca. wlebis ganmavlobaSi kabi-netis gamged misi qaliSvili naTela javaxiSvili muSaobda. rogorc qalbatonma nanam saubrisas gviTxra, memorialur kabinets dResac bevri mnaxveli hyavs, gansakuTrebiT mas Semdeg, rac xelnawerTa erovnul centrSi gamofenisa da ganaTlebis departamenti Seiqmna, romelsac mWidro kon-taqti aqvs skolebTan da universitetebTan. axalgazrdebi interesiT aTvaliereben didi mecnieris memorialur kabi-nets. udidesi mecnieris TiToeuli nivTis xilva mnaxvels istoriis kidev erT mniSvnelovan furcels uSlis Tval-win.

mecnieris sayofacxovrebo nivTebi: tanisamosi, tax-ti, samovari da sxv. sofel xovleSi, mis saxlmuzeumSi inaxeba. amJamad muzeumis sakuTrebaa roiali, romelic ivanes rZalma, aleqsandre javaxiSvilis meuRlem gadasca. muzeumis kedelze dResac kidia mecnieris mier Sedgenili XI_XIII saukuneebis saqarTvelos politikuri ruka. aqve inaxeba sxvadasxva dokumentebis aslebi, kadrebis aRricx-vis Jurnali da gimnaziis gamoSvebis albomi.

maia toraZegazeT `Tbilissi universitetis~

Jurnalisti, asocirebuli profesori`Tbilisis universiteti~, 23 aprili, 2011 w.


g 18 h

ivane javaxiSvilis wardgineba `saqarTvelos did aTeulSi~

Tsu-is profesor (aw gardacvlil) mixeil qurdians wilad xvda ivane javaxiSvilis wardgena sazogadoebri-vi mauwyeblis erTerT gadacemaSi _ `saqarTvelos didi aTeuli~, romelic 2009 wels gadioda eTerSi. gTavazobT mixeil qurdianis gamosvlis srul versias.

`Tu saqarTveloSi aris adamiani, romelic mecnierebas-

Tan aris dakavSirebuli, is valdebulia aRiaros, rom ivane javaxiSvili misi mamaa. saqarTvelos damoukidebloba dae-fuZna 3 burjs: 1917 wels aRdgenil saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias, 1917 wels Seqmnil saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSirs da 1918 wels Seqmnil Tbilisis universitets, anu daefuZna igi rwmenas, daefuZna kulturas da daefuZna mecnierebas. ivane javaxiSvili gaxldaT am universitetis Seqmneli, magram es misi mTavari damsaxureba ar aris, misi mTavari damsaxurebaa is, rom man Seqmna axali qarTuli

mixeil qurdiani


mecniereba. Mme minda giTxraT, rom yvela mecniereba Camoy-alibda XVIII saukunis bolosa da XIX saukunis dasawyisSi. saqarTvelo am dros mowyvetili iyo evropas da ai, ivane javaxiSvili aRmoCnda is adamiani, romelic qarTul enaze qmnis mTel korpuss mecnierebisas. Mme CamovTvli mxolod ramdenime wigns: pirveli: igi wers qarTveli eris istorias xuT tomad (miaqcieT yuradReba _ wers `qarTveli eris istorias~ da ara saqarTvelos istorias). Tqven, albaT, iciT, rom bolSevikebi sastiki winaaRmdegebi iyvnen imisa, rom eri SeiZleba Camoyalibebuliyo XIX saukunemde. javax-iSvili wers qarTuli musikis istorias, qarTuli samar-Tlis istorias, qarTuli ekonomikis istorias. igi wers wigns, romelsac hqvia: `qarTuli damwerlobaTmcodneoba anu paleografia,~ romelsac hqvia `qarTuli safas-sazom-Tamcodneoba anu numizmatika-metrologia~. igi wers wigns `qarTuli sigelTamcodneoba anu diplomatika~. igi wers wigns Zveli somxuri saistorio mwerlobis Sesaxeb. igi wers wigns Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis Sesaxeb. Ees aris adamiani, romelsac hqonda uaRresad maRali donis ganaTleba miRebuli ara marto filologiasa da istori-aSi, aramed bevr sxva mecnierebaSi da minda, misi mxolod erTi lingvisturi naSromi giTxraT. Mmas erqva: `qarTuli da kavkasiuri enebis Tavdapirveli buneba da naTesaoba~. Ees aris lamis 800 gverdiani monografia da mis gverdiT ar-sebobs meore wigni, romelic mis sicocxleSi ar gamosula, Aam wigns hqvia: `saqarTvelos kavkasiis da maxlobeli aR-mosavleTis istoriul-eTnologiuri problemebi.~ minda, Cven Aaqedan davinaxoT ivane javaxiSvili. Mminda giTxraT, rom idea kavkasiuri erTobisa modis mefe farnavazidan. Aam ideas emxroboda yvela qarTveli mefe, visac hqonda odnav mainc warmodgena saqarTvelos samefo strategiaze da misi arsebobis arsze; yvela qarTveli, iqneboda is ilia WavWavaZe, akaki wereTeli, grigol robaqiZe, konstantine gamsaxurdia da, ra Tqma unda, vaJa-fSavela da aleqsan-dre yazbegi, upirveles yovlisa. qarTvelebma icodnen, rom Cven da mTis kavkasieli xalxebi erTmaneTis sulieri da sisxlismieri naTesavebi viyaviT. Ees iyo sagani rwmenis. ivane javaxiSvili aRmoCnda pirveli kaci, romelmac sca-


da, rom gadaeqcia es kavkasiuri Teoria rwmenis sagnidan codnis sagnad da man es SeZlo. Tu dRes arsebobs iberiul-kavkasiuri enaTmecniereba da is myarad dgas fexze, es aris damsaxureba ivane javaxiSvilis da misi mowafeebisa, ar-nold Ciqobavadan dRemde.

bednieri var, rom swored mis mowafeebis mowafeebSi vTvli sakuTar Tavs da amitom mimaCnia, rom is Cemi mama iyo da es Zalian mniSvnelovania _ rodesac Sen inteleqtual-uri mama gyavs da is patriarqia qarTuli mecnierebisa. Mma-gram, es, erTi mxarea, meore mxare aris misi ukompromisoba _ ukompromisoba erovnul sakiTxSi, ukompromisoba zneo-briv da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, mecnieruli ukompromiso-ba, radgan mecniereba ver itans kompromisebs, mas sWirdeba naTeli da calsaxa orientirebi. da es adamiani gadaiqca saqarTvelosTvis swored aseT orientirad. rodesac ga-Raribda saqarTvelo, rodesac ukve yvelaferi iyideboda saqarTveloSi da Tavadebi TavianT biblioTekebs yiddnen bazarSi, ioseb griSaSvilma dawera leqsi, sadac or kacs mouxmo amis mowmed. Mman Tqva: ai, qarTlis xma sad iyideba javaxiSvilo da ingoroyva...

sanam iarsebebs saqarTvelo, mas unda hqondes Zalian mkveTri orientiri mecnierebaSi, Zalian mkveTri orien-tiri zneobriobaSi da Zalian mkveTri orientiri erovnul faseulobebSi. aseTi orientiri saqarTvelosTvis ivane javaxiSvilia da me vambob: ivane javaxiSvili imitom ki ar unda moxvdes aTeulSi, rom is didi mecnieria, rom man Seqmna Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti _ yvelafris safuZveli, aramed unda moxvdes imitom, rom ar SeiZleba saqarTvelom dakargos is orientirebi, romlis ukanaskne-li da yvelaze didi warmomadgeneli saqarTveloSi swored ivane javaxiSvili iyo.

mixeil qurdiani

Tsu-is asocirebuli profesori 2010 wlamdesazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis gadacema

`saqarTvelos didi aTeuli~, 2009 w.


boloTqma

ivane javaxiSvili `did aTeulSi~ ver moxvda... mixeil qurdianis brwyinvale wardginebiTa da sazoga-

doebrivi azris gamokiTxviT mas mxolod meTerTmete ad-gili xvda wilad... …

`saqarTvelov, Sen vin mogca, Svili _ dasakargavi?~magram gadacema `saqarTvelos didi aTeuliT~ arc

dawyebula da arc damTavrdeba qarTuli sazogadoebis az-risa da Sefaseba-gansjis unaris kvleva. Cven, etyoba, mainc didi mniSvneloba mivaniWeT am gadacemis finalur etaps... albaT, mxolod im Sedegis gamo, rac sazogadoebis nawilma aCvena... da ramac, ubralod, guli gvatkina... magram Cven am krebuliT `Cveni~ vaCveneT sazogadoebas _ `es `Cveni~ aris eris is `Svili~ _ ivane javaxiSvili...~

gazeT `Tbilisis universitetis~

redaqcia, 2015

ivane javaxisvili - newspaper.tsu.genewspaper.tsu.ge/uploads/other/javakhishvili.pdf · sebis...

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