ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis tbilisis saxelmwifo...

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

IVANE JAVAKHISHVILI TBILISI STATE UNIVERSITY

saqarTvelo-israelis urTierTobebi

GEORGIA-ISRAEL RELATIONS

II saerTaSoriso

studenturi samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia

agrobiznesis organizacia da marTva

siRnaRi, 2015 wlis 20-21 seqtemberi

II INTERNATIONAL

STUDENT SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE

ORGANIZING AND MANAGING AGRIBUSINESS

Signagi, September 20-21, 2015

S r o m e b i s k r e b u l i

P r o c e e d i n g s

Tbilisi 2015

Tbilisi 2015

Sromebis krebulSi Sesulia moxsenebebi, romlebic warmodgenil iqna II saerTaSoriso

studentur samecniero-praqtikul konferenciaze: `saqarTvelo-israelis urTierTobebi: ag-

robiznesis organizacia da marTva~, 2015 wlis 20-21 seqtembers, siRnaRSi.

konferenciis organizatorebi arian: Tsu-is administracia; Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biz-

nesis fakulteti, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da

proeqtebis centri „idea“, israelis saelCo saqarTveloSi, israelis kompania „netafim-

saqarTvelo“, siRnaRis municipalitetis gamgeoba, auditoruli firma „bakaSvili da kom-

pania“.

konferenciaSi monawileobdnen israelis, aSS-is da ukrainis universitetebis profe-

sorebi da studentebi, soflis meurneobis specialistebi da biznesmenebi.

moxsenebaTa didi nawili, gunduri naSromebis saxiT, warmoadgines Tsu-is ekonomikisa

da biznesis fakultetis, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelo-

bis qarTuli universitetisa da soxumis universitetis studentebma (bakalavriati, magis-

tratura, doqtorantura).

konferenciis farglebSi moewyo viziti adgilobriv sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoSi.

Conference proceedings include reports that are presented on II international student scientific-practical conference: “Georgia-Israel Relations: Organizing and Managing Agribusiness”, in Signagi, September 20-21, 2015.

Conference organizers are:Administration of TSU; TSU Faculty of Economics and Business;Student

research and project Center “IDEA”; Embassy of Israel in Georgia; Isaeli Firm “Netafim-Georgia”;

Administration of Municipality of Signagi; Audit firm “Bakashvili and Company”.

Conference participants were professors and students from the universities of Israel, USA and Ukraine, agricultural specialists and businessmen.

The biggest part of the reports were presented by the teams of students (bachelors, masters, doctoral students) from TSU Faculty of Economics and Business, St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University

of the Patriarchate of Georgia and Sokhumi University. Within the conference visit was made to the local agricultural farm.

© ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 2015

© Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Press, 2015

ISSN 2346-7770

ISBN 978-9941-13-450-0

3

konferenciis saorganizacio komiteti

1. vladimer papava _ Tsu-is reqtori, akademikosi, profesori, saorganizacio komi-

tetis Tavmjdomare

2. Teimuraz beriZe _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis dekani, profeso-

ri, saorganizacio komitetis TanaTavmjdomare

3. daviT narmania _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis profesori, q. Tbi-

lisis meri

4. iuval fuqsi _ israelis elCi saqarTveloSi

5. aharon gagulaSvili _ israelis kompania „netafim-saqarTvelos“ direqtori,

studentur centr „ideas“ mzrunvelTa sabWos wevri

6. giorgi SixaSvili _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asoc. profeso-

ri, studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centr „ideas“ direqtori, saorganiza-

cio komitetis TanaTavmjdomare

7. daviT janikaSvili _ siRnaRis municipalitetis gamgebeli

8. vaxtang Waraia _ Tsu-is reqtoris mrCeveli, studentur centr „ideas“ gamgeo-

bis wevri, saorganizacio komitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgile

9. irakli murcxvalaZe _ Tsu-is reqtoris mrCeveli, studentur centr „ideas“

gamgeobis wevri

10. tariel zarandia _ Tsu-is saiformacio teqnologiebis departamentis xelmZRva-

neli, studentur centr „ideas“ gamgeobis wevri

11. nino faresaSvili _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis dekanis moadgi-

le, asoc. profesori

12. akaki miqaberiZe _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis finansuri menejeri

13. bondo kakubava _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis resursebis mar-

Tvis samsaxuris ufrosi

14. nugzar Todua _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis profesori

15. eTer xaraiSvili _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis profesori

16. iakob mesxia _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis profesori

17. manana lobJaniZe _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis samecniero kvle-

vebisa da ganviTarebis samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli, asist. profesori

18. eka Coxeli _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asoc. profesori

19. manana xarxeli _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asist. profesori,


20. tariel lomia _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis monitoringis sam-

saxuris ufrosi, studentur centr „ideas~ wevri

21. Tengiz TaqTaqiSvili _ studentur centr „ideas“ direqtoris moadgile, saorga-

nizacio komitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgile

22. irakli svaniZe _ studentur centr „ideas“ direqtoris moadgile, saorganiza-

cio komitetis Tavmjdomaris moadgile

23. lia goderZiSvili _ studentur centr „ideas“ gamgeobis wevri

24. mariam laSxi _ studentur centr „ideas“ gamgeobis wevri

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25. nika kaxiZe _ studentur centr „ideas“ gamgeobis wevri

26. nodar qitiaSvili _ studentur centr „ideas“ wevri

27. nikoloz bakaSvili _ auditorul firma „bakaSvili da kompaniis“ direqtori,


konferenciis organizatorTa sakontaqto koordinatebi

1. giorgi SixaSvili _ konferenciis saorganizacio komitetis TanaTavmjdomare

elfosta: [email protected]

tel.: (+995) 577 970277; (+995) 599 975424

2. nika kaxiZe _ konferenciis saorganizacio komitetis wevri


tel.: (+995) 577 588843

3. mariam laSxi _ konferenciis saorganizacio komitetis wevri


tel.: (+995) 555 720025

5

Organizing Committee of the Conference

1. Vladimer Papava - Rector of the TSU, academician, professor, Chairman of the Organizing Committee

2. Teimuraz Beridze - Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Business TSU, Professor Co Chairman of the Organizing Committee

3. Davit Narmania - Professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business, Mayor of Tbilisi 4. Yuval Fuchs - Ambassador of Israel in Georgia 5. Aharon Gagulashvili - Director of the Israeli Firm “Netafim-Georgia”, Stewardship Council

Member of the center “IDEA” 6. Giorgi Shikhashvili - Associate professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business, Director

of the Student Research and Project Center “IDEA”, Co Chairman of the Organizing Committee 7. Davit Janikashvili - Head of the Municipality of Signagi 8. Vakhtang Charaia - Advisor to Rector of TSU, Board Member of the Student Center “IDEA”,

Deputy Chairman of the Organizing Committee

9. Irakli Murtskhvaladze -Advisor to Rector of TSU, Board Member of the Student Center

“IDEA” 10. Tariel Zarandia-Head of Information Technology Deaprtment TSU, Board Member of the

Student Center “IDEA” 11. Nino Paresashvili - Associate professor, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU 12. Akaki Mikaberidze- Financial Manager of the Faculty of Economics and Business TSU 13. Bondo Kakubava-Head of the Resources Management Service of the Faculty of Economics

and Business TSU 14. Nugzar Todua - Professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business 15. Eter Kharaishvili -Professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business 16. Iakob Meskhia - Professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business 17. Manana Lobjanidze -Assistant professor, Head of Scientific Research and Development

Service of the Faculty of Economics and Business TSU 18. Eka Chokheli - Associate professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business 19. Manana Kharkheli -Assistant professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business, Stewardship

Council Member of the center “IDEA” 20. Tariel Lomia - Head of the Monitoring Service of the Faculty of Economics and Business TSU,

Member of the Student Center “IDEA” 21. Tengiz Taktakishvili - Deputy Director of the Student Center “IDEA”, Deputy Chairman of the

Organizing Committee 22. Irakli Svanidze - Deputy Director of the Student Center “IDEA”, Deputy Chairman of the

Organizing Committee 23. Lia Goderdzishvili - Board Member of the Student Center “IDEA” 24. Mariam Lashkhi- Board Member of the Student Center “IDEA” 25. Nika Kakhidze- Board Member of the Student Center “IDEA” 26. Nodar Kitiashvili- Member of the Student Center “IDEA” 27. Nikoloz Bakashvili - Director of the Audit Firm “Bakashvili and Company”, Stewardship

Council Member of the Student Center “IDEA”

Contacts of conference organizers

1. Giorgi Shikhashvili - Co Chairman of conference organizing committeeE-mail: [email protected].: (+995) 577 970277, (+995) 599 975424

2. Nika Kakhidze - Membrer of conference organizing committeeE-mail: [email protected].: (+995) 577 588843

3. Mariam Lashlhi - Membrer of conference organizing committeeE-mail: [email protected].: (+995) 555 720025

7

saredaqcio kolegia

1. giorgi SixaSvili _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti, asoc.

profesori, studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centr „ideas~ direqtori

2. eTer xaraiSvili _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti, profesori

3. vaxtang Waraia _ Tsu-is reqtoris mrCeveli, ekonomikis doqtori

4. irakli murcxvalaZe _ Tsu-is reqtoris mrCeveli, ekonomikisa da biznesis

fakultetis doqtoranti

5. Tengiz TaqTaqiSvili _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis doqtoranti,

studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri „idea“

6. tariel lomia _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis doqtoranti,

studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri „idea“

7. irakli svaniZe _ Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi

kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri „idea“

Editorial Board

1. Giorgi Shikhashvili, - Associate professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business, Directorof the student research and project center “IDEA”

2. Eter Kharaishvili - Professor, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business3. Vakhtang Charaia - Advisor to Rector of TSU, Doctor of Economics4. Irakli Murtskhvaladze - Advisor to Rector of TSU, Ph.D. student at Faculty of Economics and

Business5. Tengiz Taktakishvili - Ph.D. student at Faculty of Economics and Business, Student research

and project center “IDEA”6. Tariel Lomia – - Ph.D. student at Faculty of Economics and Business, Student research and

project center “IDEA”7. Irakli Svanidze, TSU Faculty of Economics and Business student research and project center

“IDEA”

samuSao jgufi

1. giorgi SixaSvili

2. Tengiz TaqTaqiSvili

3. irakli svaniZe

4. mariam laSxi

5. nika kaxiZe

6. qeTevan korZaZe

7. nestan abramiSvili

8. nino xarisTvalaSvili

9. Tornike beriZe

10. giorgi kalaijiSvili

11. julieta oqromWedliSvili

12. guram bolqvaZe

13. aleqsandre kikvaZe

14. salome salia

15. toni ZnelaZe

Working group

1. Giorgi Shikhashvili2. Tengiz Taktakishvili3. Irakli Svanidze4. Mariam lashkhi5. Nika Kakhidze6. Ketevan Kordzadze7. Nestan Abramishvili8. Nino Kharistvalashvili9. Tornike Beridze10. Giorgi Kalaijishvili11. Julieta Okromchedlishvili12. Guram Bolkvadze13. Aleksandre Kikvadze14. Salome Salia15. Toni Dzneladze

9

mimarTvebi da moxsenebebi plenarul sxdomaze

Addresses and presentations on plenary session

akademikosi vladimer papava

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis reqtori, profesori

mimarTva konferenciis monawileebs

meore saerTaSoriso studenturi konferencia imiTaa RirsSesaniSnavi, rom tar-

deba metad mniSvnelovan Temaze _ „saqarTvelo-israelis urTierTobebi“, romlebzec

ganixileba am urTierTobaTa ekonomikuri aspeqtebi.

orive konferenciis iniciatori da organizatoria Tsu-is ekonomikisa da bizne-

sis fakultetis sudenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri „idea“, romelic Seiq-

mna 2000 wlis 8 Tebervals da mimdinare wels arsebobis 15 wlisTavs aRniSnavs.

dReisaTvis centri aerTianebs bakalavriatis, magistraturisa da doqtorantu-

ris 40-ze met students. centrTan arsebul mrCevelTa da mzrunvelTa sabWoebSi ga-

erTianebuli arian qarTveli da ucxoeli mecnierebi, specialistebi da biznesmenebi,

romlebic did daxmarebas uweven centrs.

centris grZelvadiani gegmis mixedviT, mimdinareobs saswavlo-satreningo da sa-

mecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebi Semdegi ZiriTadi programebis safuZvelze:

1. „Seimecne da aaRorZine saqarTvelo“ _ xorcieldeba centrTan arsebuli erov-

nuli ekonomikis kvlevis laboratoriaSi;

2. „israelis ekonomika da biznesi“ _ xorcieldeba centrTan arsebuli israelis

ekonomikis kvlevis laboratoriaSi;

3. „aSS-is ekonomika da biznesi“ _ xorcieldeba centrTan arsebuli aSS-is eko-

nomikis kvlevis laboratoriaSi.

aRniSnuli samuSaoebis farglebSi xorcieldeba sxvadasxva proeqtebi.

2014 wlis 14-17 ivliss, centris iniciativiTa da organizebiT, mestiaSi Ca-

tarda saerTaSoriso studenturi samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia „saqarTvelo-

israelis urTierTobebi: mwvane ekonomikis marTva“. 2015 wlis 20-21 seqtembers ki

imave urTierTobebis farglebSi ganixileba agrobiznesis organizaciisa da marTvis

sakiTxebi.

Tsu-is administraciasa da Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetTan erTad,

mimdinare konferenciis organizatorebi arian: siRnaRis municipalitetis gamgeoba,

audituri firma „bakaSvili da kompania“, israelis saelCo saqarTveloSi, israelis

firma „netafim-saqarTvelo“.

saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebTan erTad, konferenciaSi monawileoben mecnierebi,

specialistebi, biznesmenebi da studentebi israelidan da ukrainidan.

10

mTlianobaSi, minda gamovxato kmayofilebisa da madlierebis grZnoba konferen-

ciis iniciatorebis, organizatorebis, mxardamWerebisa da yvela monawilis mimarT,

gaweuli muSaobisaTvis.

darwmunebuli var, rom momavalSi kidev ufro gaRrmavdeba da gafarTovdeba Cve-

ni TanamSromloba.

Academician Vladimer Papava Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State

University Rector, Professor

Address to Conference Participants

Second international scientific conference is notable as it is dedicated to the topic of “Georgia-Israel relations” and the issues regarding this topic will be discussed on the conference.

Initiator of the conference and organizer is student research and project center “IDEA” that was established on February 8, 2000 and celebrates its 15th year of functioning.

Today the center includes more than 40 students of bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral studies. Georgian and foreign scientists, specialists and businessmen are members of the Boards of Advisors and Trustees to the center and provide significant support for it.

Current educational-training and scientific-research activities of the center are part of its long-term plan and based mainly on following programs:

1. “Cognition and revival of Georgia” – is being done in the laboratory to the center fornational economy research;

2. “Economy and business of Israel” – is being done in the laboratory to the center for theresearch of Israel’s economy;

3. “US economy and business” – is being done in the laboratory to the center for USeconomy research.

Within these activities various projects are being implemented. On July 14-17, 2014 international student scientific-practical conference “Georgia-Israel

relations: managing green economy” was held in Mestia, initiated and organized by the center. On September 20-21, 2015 issues regarding the organization and management of agribusiness will be discussed under the same relations.

Together with TSU administration and TSU Faculty of Economics and Business organizers of the conference are as follows: Signagi municipality self-government, audit firm „Bakashvili and company”, Embassy of Israel in Georgia, Israel company “Netafim-Georgia”. Scientists, specialists, businessmen and students from Israel also participate in the conference together with the representatives from Georgia.

In general, I would like to express my sense of satisfaction and gratefulness towards the initiators, organizers, supporters and all participants of the conference for their work.

I believe that we will deepen our relations in the future.

11

Yuval Fuchs Ambassador of Israel in Georgia

Address to Conference Participants

Throughout 67 years of independence Israel developed a story of diverse and creative country in many fields including economy. From a traditional economy Israel became a high-tech power, a start-up nation and nowadays the share of high-tech products in Israeli export is the biggest in the world. It needs to be noted that young people like you create those start-ups and write success stories around the world.

Israel keeps its leading role in world's agriculture, especially in developing new technologies and know-how increasing production in many countries in the world. Israel is one of the strongest economies despite many challenges throughout its existence as an independent state.

We are always ready to share our experience and knowledge with countries like Georgia. Such cooperation will be for the benefit of both our countries and will strengthen relations that will be based not only on friendship but on partnership.

I thank the initiators and organizers of this conference in Sighnaghi, the lecturers and students of the Project Center IDEA. Wish you success in all your future endeavors.

iuval fuqsi

israelis elCi saqarTveloSi

mimarTva konferenciis monawileebs

damoukideblobis 67 wlis manZilze israelma ganaviTara mravalferovani da krea-

tiuli qveynis istoria. es exeba sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis mraval sferos, maT Soris

ekonomikasac. tradiciuli ekonomikidan israeli gardaiqmna maRalteqnologiur Zalad,

`start-af~ qveynad da dResdReobiT maRalteqnologiuri produqtis wili israelis

eqsportSi udidesia msoflioSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom swored TqvenisTana axalgazrdebi

qmnian am `start-afebs~ da weren warmatebis istorias msoflio masStabiT.

israeli inarCunebs mis wamyvan rols soflis meurneobaSi msoflio masStabiT,

gansakuTrebiT axali teqnologiebisa da nou-haus ganviTarebaSi, rac zrdis warmoebas

bevr qveyanaSi. israels aqvs erT-erTi uZlieresi ekonomika, miuxedavad mravali gamow-

vevisa,Tavisi damoukideblobis manZilze.

Cven yovelTvis mzad varT, gavuziaroT gamocdileba iseT qveynebs, rogoricaa sa-

qarTvelo.aseTi TanamSromloba sasargeblo iqneba orive qveynisTvis da gaaZlierebs

urTierTobebs, romlebic dafuZnebuli iqneba ara mxolod megobrobaze, aramed partni-

orobazec.

madlobas vuxdi siRnaRis konferenciis iniciatorebs da organizatorebs, stu-

denturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centr „ideas“ leqtorebsa da studentebs. gisur-

vebT warmatebebs samomavlo wamowyebebSi.

12

Teimuraz beriZe

Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centr ìdeas~ saqmianoba israelis…ekonomikis kvlevis sferoSi

studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centrebi Seqmnili da friad popularu-

lia civilizebuli qveynebis umaRles saswavleblebSi.

Tsu ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetze 2000 wlis 8 Tebervals Seiqmna da

dRes, ukve rogorc fakultetis damxmare samecniero-kvleviTi erTeuli, moqmedebs

studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri ìdea~.

amJamad centrSi, wevris statusiT, gaerTianebulia bakalavriatis, magistratu-

risa da doqtoranturis 40-ze meti studenti. romelTagan cxra gamgeobis Semadgen-

lobaSia, xolo TxuTmeti _ ZiriTad personals warmoadgens. centrTan arsebul

mrCevelTa da mzrunvelTa sabWoebSi gaerTianebuli arian qarTveli da ucxoeli mec-

nierebi, specialistebi da biznesmenebi, romlebic did daxmarebas uweven centrs.

2000 wlidan dRemde centri ìdeas~ inicirebiT, organizebiT da Tanamonawile-

obiT ganxorcielda ramdenime mniSvnelovani proeqti konferenciebis, seminarebisa da

treningebis saxiT, rac sistematurad Suqdeba mediaSi, samecniero periodikasa da

specialurad gamocemul krebulebSi. centris saqmianoba aisaxeba Tsu-is, eknomikisa

da biznesis fakultetisa da centris specialur vebgverdze.

saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri progresisaTvis, sakuTar tradiciebTan er-

Tad, aucilebelia msoflios mowinave qveynebis saTanado konceptualuri safuZvlebis

da praqtikuli gamocdilebis Seswavla-gamoyeneba sameurneo-mmarTvelobiT procesSi.

am TvalsazrisiT, metad samagaliToa israelis ekonomikuri ganviTareba, romlis bib-

liur, istoriul, socialur da eTikur konceptualur safuZvlebs eyrdnoba Tana-

medrove dasavluri civilizacia.

centrs ganzraxuli aqvs gaSalos kvleviT muSaoba ekonomikuri ganviTarebis da

marTvis ebrauli modelis istoriul, Teoriul-meTodologiur da praqtikul sa-

kiTxebze da maTs saTanado adaptaciaze saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis erov-

nuli modelis Seqmna-Camoyalibebisa da gamoyenebis procesSi.

2013 wlidan dRemde centri mWidrod TanamSromlobs israelis saelCosTan sa-

qarTveloSi da israelis firma „netafimTan“. Catarda mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi da

daigegma erToblivi samecniero-kvleviTi, sakonferencio, saswavlo-satreningo da

mTargmnelobiTi proeqtebi 2015 da Semdegi wlebisTvis.

kerZod, centri muSaobs samecniero-praqtikul kvleviT proeqtze: `saqarTvelo-

israelis ekonomikuri urTierTobebi da maTi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi~, romlis

farglebSi, 2014 wlis 14-17 ivliss, centris iniciativiT da organizebiT mestiaSi

Catarda saerTaSoriso studenturi samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia „saqarTve-

lo-israelis urTierTobebi: mwvane ekonomikis marTva“.

dRevandeli konferenciac am kvleviTi proeqtis Semadgeneli nawilia da misi

miznebis ganxorcielebas emsaxureba.

13

mTlianobaSi, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvleve-

bisa da proeqtebis centri „ideas“ saqmianobis analizi TvalnaTliv gviCvenebs mis

iniciativianobas, inovaciurobas, mravalferovnebas, Sedegianobas da momavali gegmebis

ganxorcielebis did perspeqtiulobas.

Teimuraz Beridze

Activities of the Student Research and Project Center “IDEA” at TSU Faculty of Economics and Business in the Research Field of Israel’s Economy

Abstract

Student research and project center “IDEA” was formed on the base of Ivane Javakhishvili

Tbilisi State University Faculty of Economics and Business in 8 February, 2000 and conducts its activities as faculty’s supporting scientific-research unit.

More than 40 students from bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral studies are members of the center, 9 of them are members of the board and 15 students represent basic personnel.

Among other actual directions center has widen its area of activities including historical, theoretic-methodological and practical issues of the Jewish model of economic development and management and their proper adaptation in the process of formation and implementation of national model for Georgia’s economic development. Implementation of the project will contribute greatly to the research of theoretic-methodological foundations of creation of optimal model for Georgia’s economic development and management and its realization in practice.

From 2013 Center “IDEA” has close relationships with Embassy of Israel in Georgia and the Firm Netafim. We conducted several joint activities. This conference also underlines our effective collaboration.

Overally, analysis of activities of student research and project center “IDEA” at TSU Faculty of Economics and Business shows clearly its initiativeness, diversity, effectiveness and prospectiveness of its future plans.

14

daviT janikaSvili

soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi siRnaRis municipalitetSi

soflis meurneoba qveynis ekonomikis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia da qveynis mTli-

ani Sida produqtis formirebaSi didi adgili ukavia. misi potencialis maqsimaluri

aTviseba da miznobrivi gamoyeneba qveynis ekonomikisTvis sasicocxlod mniSvnelova-

nia. swored amitom, dadebiTi Sedegis miRwevis upirvelesi garantia iqneba mkafiod

gansazRvruli, konkurentunariani warmoebisken mimarTuli agraruli politikis Se-

muSaveba da am seqtorSi finansuri resursebis mozidvis xelSewyoba. amave dros, gan-

sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebisa da sursaTis uvneblobis

uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi, rac saqarTvelos mTavrobis da siRnaRis municipalitetis

mTavari amocanaa.

ekonomikis transformaciis miuxedavad, Cvens qveyanaSi jer kidev mwvaved dgas

siRaribis, maT Soris, mosaxleobis sursaTiT uzrunvelyofis problema. aqedan gamom-

dinare, uaxloesi wlebis umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa, qveynis agrosasursaTo seqtoris

ganviTarebis imgvari modelis SemuSaveba, romelic mosaxleobas xelmisawvdomi da xa-

risxiani sursaTiT daakmayofilebs. aseve, xels Seuwyobs konkurentuli upirateso-

bis mqone produqtebis saeqsporto potencialis maqsimalur ganviTarebas.

siRnaRis municipalitetSi uxsovari droidan viTardeba soflis meurneoba da

igi mravalmxrivi, unikaluri TaviseburebebiTa da niSan-TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba, rac

ganpirobebulia istoriul-eTnografiuli da mravalferovani niadagur-klimaturi pi-

robebiT.

siRnaRis municipalitetis 75% soflis meurneobiT aris dakavebuli da aRniS-

nuli dargis ganviTareba CvenTvis umniSvnelovanesia. aqedan gamomdinare, bunebis am

saocari Semoqmedis simdidreTa Soris uZvirfasesi saunjea miwa. Cven ki, mravali

wlis manZilze, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis arc inventarizacia Cagvitarebia da arc ka-

dastri Segvidgenia. faqtobrivad, arc ki viciT dazustebuli farTobebi, varaudis

doneze vadgenT miwis balanss.

miwis gonivrul gamoyenebazea damokidebuli soflis meurneobis produqciis si-

uxve. Sors wagviyvans msjeloba qarTveli kacis gansakuTrebul siyvarulze miwisad-

mi. odiTganve swored miwis siyvaruli, misadmi erTguleba iyo Cveni siZlieris sa-

fuZveli da es siyvaruli qarTvelma kacma saukuneebis qarcecxlSi gamoatara da Sei-

naxa.

sasoflo-sameurneo seqtoris ganviTarebaze arsebiTi gavlena moaxdina sasof-

lo-sameurneo miwebis privatizebam. miuxedavad imisa, rom ukanasknel wlebSi agro-

seqtorSi mimdinare dadebiTma cvlilebebma da saxelmwifos mxridan xelSewyobam da-

debiTi Sedegi gamoiRo, fermerTa saqmianobas jer kidev aferxebs iseTi faqtorebi,

rogoricaa arasaTanadod ganviTarebuli infrastuqtura, gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoe-

bis ararseboba, Znelad xelmisawvdomi kreditebi, sasoflo-sameurneo saSualebebze

mzardi fasebi, soflad sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis simcire.

15

siRnaRis municipalitetisTvis prioritets soflis meurneobaSi saSemodgomo

TavTaviani da erTwliani marcvleuli kulturebis warmoeba, mecxoveleobis da meve-

naxeobis ganviTareba warmoadgens.

siRnaRis municipalitetis teritoria moicavs gomboris qedis ferdobebs da

alaznis vakes. siRnaRis municipalitetis miwis saerTo farTobia 1251,7 kv. km., aqe-

dan sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi Seadgens 103450 ha-s, saidanac 38016 ha saxnavi-

a, 54121 ha _ saZovari, 3720 ha ki mravalwliani nargavebia, 1127 ha Tevzis tboria

da 12500 ha _ tye.

vidre gadavidode soflis meurneobis, am metad mniSvnelovani da prioritetu-

li dargis, strategiuli ganviTarebis programis Camoyalibebaze, aucileblad mimaC-

nia, rom municipalitetis teritoriuli organoebis mixedviT moxdes sasoflo-same-

urneo savargulebis 100%-iani inventarizacia da amis Semdeg Seiqmnas sruliad axa-

li monacemTa baza. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlebelia vicodeT dazustebulad, Tu

ramdens da ra xarisxis miwas vflobT, gindac gvqondes sruli informacia Cveni biu-

jetis yvelaze mTavar saSemosavlo sakiTze, miwis gadasaxadze.

siRnaRis municipalitetis soflis meurneobis erT-erT prioritetul dargs

saSemodgomo TavTaviani marcvleuli kulturebis warmoeba warmoadgens, SeiZleba iT-

qvas, rom aRniSnuli kulturebis warmoebas mravalma faqtorma SeuSala xeli. upir-

velesad aRsaniSnavia, rom moSlilia marcvleuli kulturebis meTesleobis sistema,

ramac seriozulad imoqmeda marcvleuli kulturebis rogorc ganviTarebaze, aseve

maT warmoebaze.

marcvleuli kulturebis warmoebis dinamikaSi mkafiod Cans, rom 2014 wlis

warmoeba saheqtaro mosavlianobis mixedviT sagrZnoblad dabalia, rac ganapiroba

2014 wlis dadgomisTanave saSinelma, mZime da uCveulo gvalvam, romlis msgavsi 50

wlis manZilze ar yofila. 2013 wels municipalitetSi daTesili iyo 21935 ha sa-

Semodgomo TavTaviani kulturebi, 2014 wels ki _ 17790 ha. saSualo saheqtaro maC-

venebeli 2013 wels 27 centneri iyo, xolo 2014 wels _ 5,5 centneri. 2013 wels

daTesili iyo 1338 ha simindi, 2014 wels _ 1062 ha. 2013 welTan SedarebiT saheq-

taro mosavlianoba 41 centneriT Semcirda. analogiuri mdgomareobaa sxva kulture-

bis warmoebaSi, ramac uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia municipalitetis biujetze.

aRniSnuli dargis mosavlianobis da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis amaRlebis Ro-

nisZiebebidan umniSvnelovanesi roli miekuTvneba meTesleobas. meTesleobis saSuale-

biT xdeba seleqciuri miRwevebis danergva warmoebaSi. jiSiani da xarisxiani Teslis

Tesva mosavlis amaRlebis aucilebeli piroba da amasTanave, miwaTmoqmedebis kultu-

ris ZiriTadi maCvenebelia,

am droisaTvis moSlilia meTesleobis mTeli sistema. arada, Cveni raionis bu-

nebrivi pirobebi sakmaod xelsayrelia saSemodgomo da TavTaviani da erTwliani mar-

cvleuli kulturebis meTesleobis ganviTarebisaTvis. Cvens raions SeuZlia gaxdes

maRalxarisxiani Teslis mwarmoebeli raioni, rac, TavisTavad, gaaumjobesebs ekonomi-

kur da socialur mdgomareobas. am sferoSi Cvens raions aqvs seriozuli gamocdi-

leba yofili miwaTmoqmedebis samecniero kvleviTi institutis _ „kaxeTis sacdeli

sadguris“ magaliTze, romelic mdebareobda siRnaRis municipalitetis sofel maRa-

roSi da funqcionirebda 1962 wlidan 2010 wlamde. aq xdeboda saSemodgomo da Tav-

Taviani da erTwliani marcvleuli kulturebis meTesleobis pirveladi safexurebis

16

ganviTareba da warmoeba, sistematurad mimdinareobda kulturebis mixedviT jiSganax-

leba, mowyobili iyo jiSTagamocdis nakveTebi.

aqedan gamomdinare, saSemodgomo TavTaviani da erTwliani marcvleuli kultu-

rebis meTesleobis ganviTarebis mizniT SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas Tanamedrove tipis me-

Tesleobis mimarTulebis sawarmoebi, romlebic moemsaxurebian Cvens raions da kaxe-

Tis regions. aRniSnuli sawarmos SeqmniT SesaZlebeli iqneba aRdges samrewvelo me-

Tesleoba da Semdgom moxdes meTesleobis pirveladi safexurebis gamravleba da gan-

viTareba, moewyos sademonstracio nakveTebi fermerTa Sexvedris mizniT, gafarTovdes

muSaoba soflis meurneobis saministros axladSeqmnil samecniero centrTan mniSvne-

lovani, saintereso, maRalmosavliani da maRalxarisxiani jiSebis moZiebaSi, gafar-

Tovdes muSaoba rogorc adgilobrivi, ise Semotanili jiSebis dasaraioneblad da

gasamravleblad.

dReisaTvis aRniSnuli sakiTxis irgvliv soflis meurneobis saministros samec-

niero centrma Cvens raionSi moawyo jiSTa gamocdis nakveTi, rac, udavod, xels Se-

uwyobs dargis ganviTarebas da meTesleobis sistemis aRdgenas, magram dameTanxmebiT,

`erTi mercxlis WikWiki gazafxuls ver moiyvans“.

miwaTmoqmedebis maRali kultura ver miiRweva, Tu ar gvesmis Teslbrunvebis

udidesi roli maRali da myari mosavlis miRebis saqmeSi. yvelam unda irwmunos, rom

miwebis intensiurad gamoyenebisTvis mecnierulad dasabuTebuli Teslbrunvebis Semo-

Reba xels uwyobs niadagis nayofierebis amaRlebas da warmoebis gaumjobesebas.

rodesac vsaubrobT niadagis nayofierebis amaRlebaze, gulaxdilad unda iTqvas,

rom Cvenma fermerebma da miwaTmoqmedebaSi dasaqmebulma adamianebma ar ician, Tu ra

niadagebi aqvT, TavianT niadagebs ra saxis mineraluri an organuli sasuqebi esaWi-

roeba an ra doziT. saWirod migvaCnia Seiqmnas agroqimiuri laboratoria, romelic

saSualebas miscems fermers, gansazRvros romel farTobze romeli kulturis Tesva

iqneba SesaZlebeli.

bolo periodSi mimdinare ekologiurma procesebma katastrofamde miiyvana Cveni

municipalitetis teritoriis mniSvnelovani nawili. eroziulia ivris zeganze arse-

buli saxnavi miwebis 70-80%. garemos cvlilebebiT gamowveuli gaudabnoebis da

eroziuli procesebis SeCerebis mizniT, saWirod migvaCnia qarsacavi zolebis aRdge-

na. ramdenime aTeuli wlis win raionis saxnav-saTesi farTobobebi uzrunvelyofili

iyo qarsacavi zolebiT, romelic Seadgenda 780 ha-s, magram dReisaTvis TiTqmis

mTlianad ganadgurebulia da SemorCenilia mxolod 60-70 ha.

eroziasTan brZolis agroteqnikaSi bolo dros mniSvnelovani adgili daikava

niadagis minimalurma damuSavebam, romlis SemoRebis saWiroeba ganpirobebulia, erTi

mxriv, niadagis damuSavebis Cveulebrivi agroteqnikis gatarebisas didi energetikuli

da SromiTi danaxarjebiT, romlis drosac kulturebis movla-moyvanis mTliani dana-

xarjebidan energetikuli danaxarjebi Seadgens 40%-s, xolo SromiTi _ 25%-s. xo-

lo meore mxriv, saSemodgomo kulturebisTvis Rrmad xvnis nacvlad zedapiruli da-

muSavebiT farTomodebis ganis brtyeli damWrelebis, diskoebiani farcxebis, amCeCebis

da frezebis meSveobiT, romlebic uzrunvelyofen agregatis erTi gavliT niadagis

maRalxarisxovnad damuSavebas.

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erT-erT umTavres strategiul amocanad migvaCnia arsebuli sarwyavi sistemis

mowesrigeba da alaznis velze Tanamedrove tipis sarwyavi sistemis mowyoba, radga-

nac soflis meurneobis ganviTareba gawylovanebis gareSe warmoudgeneli ocnebaa.

qv. alaznis magistraluri arxi Tavisi gamanawilebeli arxebiT siRnaRis raio-

nis teritoriaze emsaxureboda 9000 ha-mde farTobs, amJamad wyaluzrunvelyofili

farTobi Seadgens 2500 heqtars. raionis teritoriaze moqmedebda eqspluataciaSi

Sesuli 22 `kubani~, romelic rwyavda 2640 ha farTobs, garda ,,kubanebisa“, sasof-

lo-sameurneo kulturebis rwyvas emsaxureboda 123 fregati, romliTac irwyveboda

9500 ha-ze meti farTobi. fregatebiT wyliT uzrunvelyofas emsaxureboda md. ala-

zanSi Cadgmuli 3 mcuravi satumbo sadguri, saidanac aRebul wyals nakveTebamde mia-

wodebda 5 stacionaluri satumbo sadguri.

amJamad aRniSnuli damawvimebeli agregatebi da satumbo sadgurebi aRar arse-

bobs da wylis aReba xdeba qv. alaznis magistraluri arxidan TviTdinebiT.

sarwyavi farTobebis gazrdis mizniT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia Seiqmnas gadasaad-

gilebeli satumbo sadgurebi, romelic moemsaxureba magistraluri arxis marjvena

mxares arsebul farTobebs, romelic amJamad arawyaluzrunvelyofilia da mimdinare

wylis gvalvam gaxmobis piras miiyvana vazi da sxva kulturebi.

SesaZleblad migvaCnia, moewyos wveTovani rwyva, gansakuTrebiT venaxebSi, riTic

mosaxleobas axali venaxebis gaSenebis SesaZlebloba miecema. municipalitetSi msxmo-

iare venaxis farTobi mTlianad Seadgens 2941 ha-s, sadac dasaqmebulia municipali-

tetis mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili. 2013 wlis SemodgomiT da 2014 wlis ga-

zafxulze gaSenebulia 201 ha axalSeni venaxi. raions gaaCnia venaxis gaSenebis udi-

desi potenciali, Cveni municipalitetisTvis erT-erTi prioritetuli dargi mevena-

xeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebaa. municipalitetSi yurZnis warmoebam 2013 wels Sead-

gina 25100 t, xolo 2014 wels 14650 t. 2014 wels warmoebuli yurZnis simcire

gamowveuli iyo xangrZlivi, uCveulo gvalviT, radganac ar arsebobda venaxis far-

Tobebis 70-80%-ze araviTari morwyvis saSualeba.

wlebis win municipalitetis masStabiT funqcionirebda 7-8 Rvinis qarxana, dRe-

isaTvis ki funqcionirebs mxolod wnoris pirveladi gadamuSavebis Rvinis qarxana.

miuxedavad amisa, bolo or weliwadSi gaSenda 400 heqtramde axalSeni venaxi.

sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikiT aRWurviloba arc Tu saxarbielo mdgomareobaSia,

kerZo seqtorSi mTlianobaSi aris 556 erTeuli traqtori, 70 erTeuli aris mar-

cvlis amRebi kombaini. yvela es teqnika moZvelebulia da TiTqmis gamosulia mwyob-

ridan. municipalitetis teritoriul erTeulebSi gvaqvs soflis meurneobis saminis-

tros mier Seqmnili satraqtoro amxanagobebi, romlebic mosaxleobas gadaeca simbo-

lur fasad _ erT larad. maTi funqcia mosaxleobis dabali tarifebiT momsaxureba

da satraqtoro parkis ganviTareba unda yofiliyo, magram maTi funqcionireba Cveni

kontrolidan TiTqmis gasulia. sul raRac 7-8 wlis teqnika TiTqmis gamosulia

mwyobridan, 27 erTeulidan dReisaTvis gamarTulia mxolod 16. danarCeni ki an aRar

arsebobs, an gamosulia mwyobridan da veRar asrulebs Tavis amocanebs.

Cveni azriT, ukeTesi iqneboda municipaluri satraqtoro gaerTianebis Camoyali-

beba, romelic ufro efeqturad gauwevda momsaxurebas mosaxleobas. am sakiTxze, Cve-

ni azriT, Rirs dafiqreba. municipalitetSi funqcionirebs Sps ,,meqanizatoris“ 5

ganyofileba, romelTa meSveobiT warmatebiT xorcieldeba mciremiwian fermerTa saga-

18

zafxulo xvnis programa. programis farglebSi municipalitetis 9200 beneficiars

ufasod daumuSavda 7500 heqtramde sasoflo-sameurneo miwa

municipalitetSi erT-erTi ZiriTadi yuradReba eqceva mcire da saSualo zomis

sawarmoebis ganviTarebas. dReisaTvis municipalitetis teritoriaze funqcionirebs

68 sawarmo, maT Soris 5 sawarmo dafinansebulia iafi kreditis programiT. aqtiu-

rad vTanamSromlobT saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan, romelTa daxmarebiT funqcioni-

reba daiwyo da dafinansda 7 axali sawarmo. municipalitetis gamgeoba udides yu-

radRebas aqcevs mciremiwian fermerTa kooperirebis sakiTxs. am mxriv aqtiuri muSa-

oba mindinareobs. dReisaTvis ukve funqcionirebs 4 sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativi

maT Soris ors ukve miniWebuli aqvs sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis statusi.

municipalitetis gamgeoba udides yuradRebas uTmobs mecxoveleobis ganviTare-

bis sakiTxebs. 2014 wels Zlieri gvalvis gamo mniSvnelovnad Semcirda msxvilfexa

rqosani pirutyvis suladoba. miuxedavad ukanasknel wlebSi pirutyvis suladobis

Semcirebisa, gagvaCnia am dargis ganviTarebis kargi perspeqtivebi.

soflis meurneobis saministros sursaTis uvneblobis da veterinariis samsa-

xurTan erTad aqtiurad vmuSaobT cxovelTa daavadebebis prevenciuli RonisZiebebis

gatarebaze. dRemde municipalitetSi ar gamovlenila infeqciuri daavadebebis arcer-

Ti SemTxveva.

wvril fermerul meurneobebSi gavrcelebulia Zroxis Senaxvis eqstensiuri

sistema, fermerebi umTavresad bunebis mier naboZeb resursebs iyeneben. zamTrobiT pi-

rutyvs mwiri da erTgvarovani sakvebi eZleva, rac sakmaod dabla scems saqonlis

produqtiulobas. siRnaRis municipalitetis mosaxleobis pirad sakuTrebaSi myofi

furebis wveladoba mwiri kvebisa da jiSuri siWrelis gamo Zalian dabalia da saSu-

alod Seadgens 1100-1275 litrs, Tumca garkveul SemTxvevebSi gvxvdeba gacilebiT

ukeTesi maCveneblebic.

ukanasknel wlebSi municipalitetis fermerebis nawilma moaxerxa axali inten-

siuri jiSebis Semoyvana. amJamad municipalitetis teritoriaze 1 fermers hyavs jer-

sis jiSis 24 suli msxvilfexa, 3 fermers _ holStinofrizuli jiSis 50-ze meti

msxvilfexa. miuxedavad imisa, rom siRnaRis municipalitetSi sofel tibaanSi fun-

qcionirebs saqarTveloSi erTaderTi mecxoveleobis sanaSene saqmisa da xelovnuri

ganayofierebis centri, migvaCnia, rom sanaSene saqmianoba jerovnad ar mimdinareobs.

qarTuli mecxvareoba didi gamocdis winaSe dgas. TumcaRa, bolo wlebis sta-

tistikuri monacemebidan gamomdinare, siRnaRis municipalitetSi, iseve rogorc mTel

kaxeTSi, SeimCneva cxvris raodenobis zrda. dRevandeli monacemebiT siRnaRis munici-

palitetSi 45800 suli cxvari da 1600 suli Txaa, maSin, roca 2012 wels 28000

suli cxvari iyo.

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi municipalitetSi SeiniSneba meTevzeobis ganvi-

Tarebis tendenciebi. meTevzeoba ZiriTadad Semoifargleba satbore meurneobebiT ro-

melTa raodenoba 39-mde gaizarda. maTi saerTo farTobi 1271 heqtaria.

municipalitetis gamgeoba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs agroturizmis, ro-

gorc turizmis damoukidebeli mimarTulebis, Camoyalibeba-ganviTarebas. Cveni raioni

cnobilia glexuri wesiT warmoebuli Rvinis erT-erT tradiciul raionad, amitomac

aq mravlad aris ojaxuri da mcire zomis Rvinis marnebi, rogorc yvelaze warmate-

19

buli turistuli obieqtebi. kerZod, siRnaRSi funqcionirebs Rvinis marani, rome-

lic gamoirCeva sasmelebis mravalferovnebiTa da ojaxSi damzadebuli tradiciuli

saWmelebiT. amasTan, vizitorebs aqve SeuZliaT gaecnon sasmel-saWmelebis damzadebis

tradiciul teqnologiebs.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom garda zemoxsenebuli Rvinis marnisa, qalaqSi arsebuli

nebismieri kvebis obieqti mzad aris gaumaspinZldes stumars adgilobrivi warmoebis

produqtebiT.

siRnaRis municipalitetisTvis agroturizmi unda gaxdes erT-erTi umniSvnelo-

vanesi, wamyvani dargi. Cven gagvaCnia ganviTarebis didi potenciali turistuli

kuTxiT. sakmaod didi adgili ukavia TevzsaWer tbebs, romelTa aTvisebac turistu-

li TvalsazrisiT dadebiTad aisaxeba siRnaRis municipalitetis ganviTarebaze, magram

am droisTvis ar arsebobs Sesabamisi infrastruqtura, sadac saTanado momsaxurebas

gauweven turistebs da amiT kmayofili turisti araerTxel ewveva Cvens mxares.

SesaZlebelia ganviTardes e.w. ,,sasoflo turizmi“, romelic moicavs siRnaRis

municipalitetis ramdenime sofels. es mimarTuleba gaaumjobesebs soflad mcxovrebi

moqalaqeebis ekonomikur mdgomareobas.

dabolos, erTi wlis muSaobis praqtikam gvaCvena, rom siRnaRis municipalitet-

Si uamravi socialuri da ekonomiuri saxis dRemde gadauWreli problemaa da dReni-

adag am problemebis mogvarebis RonisZiebebze vmuSaobT. Cven mier muSavdeba municipa-

litetis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis samwliani programa, romelSic deta-

lurad iqneba asaxuli municipalitetis TiToeuli dargis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi

da gasatarebeli RonisZiebebi.

Davit Janikashvili

The Perspectives of Agricultural Development in Signagi Municipality

Abstract The first-rate guarantee in achieving the desired results in agriculture, is to develop clearly

defined, directed to competitive production agricultural policy and the promotion of financial resources in this sector.

At the same time, the food security and ensuring the food safety issue of the country is particularly important, which is the main task of the government of Georgia and Signagi Municipality.

The Municipality of Signagi has a long history of developing agriculture and it is characterized with multi, unique characteristics and features, which is due to the historical-ethnographic and various ground and climatic conditions.

The Government of Municipality pays special attention to the formation, development of Agro tourism, asan independent part of tourism.

The three-year program of social and economic development of Municipality is worked out by us, where the prospects for the development of each sector and the measures to be implemented will be laid in detail.

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Aharon Gagulashvili Vakhtang Gogaladze Robert Albin (Israel)

Netafim Georgia - Provider of Agribusiness Recent Technologies

Foreword Drip irrigation system is the irrigation system for future, the efficiency of which is almost 100%.

Through this system not only the water resources are saved but also the soil structures are maintained which in its turn is reflected on the final result - harvest.

The main obstacle in production and marketing of current agribusiness and at the same time the starting point is the cost of primary production, which is not considered by Georgian farmers.

The main aim of the farmer should be to decrease the cost of the product received through modern agro business methods because the difference between market prices and production costs makes farmer’s profit. The increase of harvest in agricultural practice is possible only through application of modern technologies, and one of the most important among them is drip irrigation system. It gives the possibility to provide water to the plant during day and night. The need of water is calculated with the multiplication of site-specific climate figures and specific agricultural water consummation factors. Based on these factors the system provides needed amount of water to the particular plant.

Advantage of the drip irrigation system is that during the drip irrigation, water does not go deep to the plant’s leaves, it goes directly to roots and thus decreases the risk of fungus diseases of leaf, which in its turn give farmer possibility to save significant amount of money for purchasing fungicides. Another advantage of drip system is that it provides water only to the crop plant and not to weeds, which are cause of 25-30% of losses and increase in production costs.

NETAFIM is global leader in the production of drip irrigation systems and highly technological greenhouses and its construction. It has its representation branches in 120 countries; own production facilities in 16 countries and its annual turnover is 1 billion USD. NETAFIM is the company which was the first to invent and commission drop system in 1965 and nowadays with its innovations dictates the development trends to other manufacturer.

NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) exclusively represents global company NETAFIM at Georgian market since 2013 and is developing with rather successful dynamics. The aim of NETAFIM GEORGIA is to develop agro business with the implementation of new technologies, creation of compatible and high-quality product, taking excessive harvest, but our company offers its customer’s provision of marketing service. NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) develops all-possible size projects: national scale, large business projects and small farmers. National purpose projects contribute to stimulation of the economical, namely agricultural development of target region, and support to poverty reduction and income generation. As an example we can name the project of United Melioration Systems’ Company of the Ministry of Agriculture, which foresees provision of water for 2200 hectares in two villages of Dedoplistskaro region - villages Pirosmani and Samtatskaro, with NETAFIM drop irrigation systems. It is also remarkable that NETAFIM projected the whole system in the way that 94% of this territory will be irrigated through the gravitation pressuring, which will save rather important capacity of energy during system operation resulting the high energy efficiency of NETAFIM system. At the same time it is an important social project, since Pirosmani and Samtatskaro are populated by environmental migrants, who resettled here due to natural disaster events (landslides and mudflows) from other Georgian regions and represents one of the most vulnerable

21

groups of Georgian population. This project will give the population a possibility to ensure sustainable income through agricultural activities in the most arid territory of Georgia.

NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) is the company with high social responsibility: Under its supervision together with Embassy of Israel and USAID, 45 families in the refugees’ settlement were provided with drip irrigation systems for free, which contributed to increasing their incomes and poverty reduction. NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) also established greenhouse tunnels for families who are living near to occupied line in Georgia.

Under the large business projects we mean projects for the companies that possess production factors (land, labor) and significant resources to finance the construction of large-scale irrigation systems and/or greenhouses. One of such projects is Agromarneuli’s primary production economy which comprises over 500 hectares of NETAFIM drip irrigation systems and a highly technological greenhouse of 35 hectares in the village of Tsaishi, region of Zugdidi which is biggest greenhouse project in our region. Following the success of the project additionally is planned to construct tunnels on 60 hectares of land in addition to the greenhouses. One of success factors is that NETAFIM engineers planned greenhouses to be constructed on thermal hot waters. Due to the low level of energy costs, the vegetable production in such greenhouse appears to be highly competitive. Additional advantage is guaranteed by high quality of NETAFIM drop irrigation system. NETAFIM is the holder of UN water mandate which was given to the company for establishing effective management systems of water resources and for the contribution made to its implementation.

For small farmers, whose share in the Georgian agriculture sector is about 80%, NETAFIM has specially developed portable drop irrigation systems. The setup of the system is extremely easy and fast. Moreover it works on gravitation pressuring and does not need any additional energy costs.

This system gives farmers opportunity to imply fertilization through drop system which provides the saving of fertilization and its efficiency, which finally is reflected in increased volume of harvest.

Along with high-technologies, NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) by its excellent professional team is always ready to answer all possible challenges and promote high-quality service and support to its clients: starting with supply qualitative inputs (fertilizers, agrochemicals), agro technical consulting and support of the best international agronomists, mobile training for education, including marketing of agricultural products at EU markets.

For this purpose NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) will construct logistic center for exporting fresh greens, fruit and vegetable to European market. The center will have a Global Gap Standard, which will give an opportunity to export Georgian products to EU market without any barriers.

For implementing new technologies and for purchasing qualified inputs some agro-producers might need financial means. NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) supports here with financing for purchasing its products with cooperation local and international banks and financial institutions. In summary the main goal and philosophy of our company is to help farmers to get real successful results through supplying high quality inputs, supporting with agronomical and technical support,

providing educational training and finally marketing of their produce. All this products and services is

making our company more stronger comparing to our competitors, because we are providing our customers whole cycle of services which is necessary to lead success. We believe that NETAFIM GEORGIA (BAR LEV NET Group) will contribute not only its customers, but in general development of agriculture business in Georgia trough bringing and implementing technologies, experience and expertise from Israel and move Georgian Agriculture to absolutely new stage, which certainly will be followed by positive micro and macro economical effect.

22

aharon gagulaSvili

vaxtang gogalaZe

robert albini

(israeli)

`netafim-saqarTvelo~ _ agrobiznesis uaxlesi teqnologiebis mimwodebeli

reziume

Cveni kompaniis mamoZravebeli filosofia da mizani fermerTa daxmareba da mxar-

daWeraa, raTa maT SeZlon warmatebis miRweva Cveni maRalxarisxiani Semavseblebis mi-

wodebiT, gamocdili agronomiuli da teqnikuri mxardaWriT, ganaTlebis xelSewyo-

biT mobiluri treningis meSveobiT da, rac mTavaria, maT mier nawarmoebi xarisxiani

produqtis realizaciiT. yvela es produqti da servisi aris konkurentebTan Cveni

kompaniis upiratesobisa da Zlierebis garanti, imitom, rom Cven vawodebT momxmareb-

lebs warmoebis jaWvis mTlian cikls, rac aucilebelia warmatebis misaRwevad.

Cven gvjera, rom `netafim-saqarTvelo~ Tavis wvlils Seitans ara mxolod misi

momxmareblebis, aramed saqarTvelos agrobiznesis ganviTarebaSi israelidan axali

teqnologiebis SemotaniT da danergviT, agreTve gamodilebisa da profesionalizmis

gaziarebiT, rac qarTul soflis meurneobas sruliad axal etapze gadaiyvans da, ra

Tqma unda, eqneba pozitiuri mikro- da makroekonomikuri efeqti.

23

Oksana Ryabchenko Maksym Dibrova

Oleksandr Ryabchenko (Ukraine)

Globalisation, Market Commitment and Internationalization in Agriculture: Theoretical Approaches Review

Abstract

Current global challenges such as energy and food security define direction toward

internationalization of local agricultural market. Converging interests is provided it due to common resource using area.

In a world of increasing interconnectedness it is crucial to understand why and how firms engage in international operations. By evaluating experiences of different firms, researchers attempt to create a framework that would provide firms with internationalization guidelines.

This study is overview of the various theoretical approaches of firm access to international markets, including agricultural producers.

Some of them argue that most internationalization attempts begin with exporting to a foreign market through the assistance of an agent. Only after a period of exporting the firm would attempt to build or acquire a sales subsidiary. Some firms may move forward and introduce a production facility in the foreign market but none have started out in such manner. Key words: Internalization, Firm Specific Advantage, Subsidiary, Multinational Firms.

Introduction

In this paper an effort will be made to analyze incremental market commitment’s importance to a firm’s international success. The analyses will be based on provided articles [1], [2], [3]. This study substantiated by Johanson and Vahlne [2], where they argue that firm internationalization should be incremental instead of a large immediate investment. A part of this article focuses on the market commitment of the firm which is going to be the main aspect of analyses in this paper. Furthermore, this paper will apply the theory of McWilliams and Siegel [3] to show how additional commitment in specific areas can enhance the firm’s success. This article discusses the necessity and potential of Corporate Social Responsibility programs and introduces several hypotheses. The main reason why the choice of market commitment as mine aspect of analyses was made is that it provides an interesting and understandable connection between the two articles..

Additionally this paper will provide articles that enhance the information provided by the aforementioned articles, a critical discussion will be made to evaluate the articles’ limitations as well as suggestions for future research.

The objective of this paper is different. It will not discuss the existence of such an equilibrium but use the idea of CSR activities and apply Johanson and Vahlne’s ideas to investments in CSR activities.

Material and methods

One part of this study mainly based on on the previous research which is argued that firm internationalization should be incremental instead of a large immediate investment. Other one focuses on the market commitment of the firm which is going to be the main aspect of analyses in this paper.To

24

conduct the study expert assessments were applied. Two main theories are selected by using the analysis and logic sequence.

Literature review

In a world of increasing interconnectedness it is crucial to understand why and how firms engage in international operations. By evaluating experiences of different firms, researchers attempt to create a framework that would provide firms with internationalization guidelines. Johanson and Vahlne [2] have evaluated the processes that firms take to create international operations, whether exporting or producing. By analyzing studies of four firms, Sandvik, Atlas Copco, Facit and Volvo, they argue that the experience of these four firms clearly show that all have increased their presence in foreign markets incrementally. They argue that most internationalization attempts begin with exporting to a foreign market through the assistance of an agent. Only after a period of exporting the firm would attempt to build or acquire a sales subsidiary. Some firms may move forward and introduce a production facility in the foreign market but none have started out in such manner. Authors argue that such a sequence exists because the environment in which firms operate is changing continuously and that firms lack knowledge of foreign markets which can only be acquired by experience. Johanson and Vahlne [2] as one of the determinants of international success also mention firms’ market commitment. It consists of two factors, which are resource commitment and degree of commitment. The degree of commitment increases as the resource becomes more specialized for the specific market. The resource commitment is straightforward, it is the amount of resources that the firm is willing to invest in marketing, personnel, organization or other areas of the foreign market. The following part of our paper will continuously focus on market commitment.

McWilliams and Siegel [3] on the other hand have written an article that at first glance does not related to international expansion. But a connection with the previously discussed article will be made. This article focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility and is concerned with two issues:

Whether socially responsible firms outperform or underperform firms that are less sociallyresponsible?

What is the appropriate amount that a firm should spend on Corporate Social Responsibilityactivities?

The authors attempt to identify factors that influence the demand for CSR and find the equilibrium between the CSR activities demanded by stakeholders and supplied by firms. This article covers a topic that is very relevant nowadays. As acquiring information for a regular person is becoming more effortless, people are more aware of the profit driven strategies of businesses than ever before. Therefore, firms are being pressured to adopt programs that satisfy the needs of not only their shareholders but other stakeholders as well.

This is where the connection between both articles’ theories can be established. If Johanson and Vahlne [2] suggest that incremental market commitment is one of the factors that will lead to higher probability of success in a firm’s international operations, can firms initially allocate small amounts of resources to CSR initiatives and eventually increase them? By learning from these initiatives, analyzing experienced costs and benefits, firms can then decide whether it is beneficial for them to gradually increase the allocated resources or do they relocate them to a more beneficial area. By doing so firms would acquire the experiential knowledge which importance [2] continue to stress in their article as one of the most important and difficult to acquire types of knowledge. The degree of resource commitment is crucially driven by experiential learning. As McWilliams and Siegel [3] explain, CSR initiatives can have an effect on different processes in the firm. It can help innovate products, innovate production processes, improve the social status or aid in advertising. It is also crucial to establish whether an incremental commitment of resources has the same effect on firms operating in different industries and different areas of a single firm. For example, it could be beneficial to gradually increase resource commitment for a

25

firm’s international expansion but it could have a negative effect for CSR activities. Further in this paper a critical evaluation of the benefits of incremental market commitment will be made by using additional literature.

Discussion

The discussion of mine paper will critically examine the articles provided and apply other sources of information. It is divided into three main parts, each one will look to find literature that either rejects or supports the arguments made in this paper. The first part will attempt to identify whether incremental market commitment has the same effect and appeal on firms operating in different industries. Other sources might confirm or reject the slow and cautious investing in foreign markets. Secondly, identify whether incremental resource commitment has the same effect on different operations in the same firm. Investing in CSR activities abroad can assist the firm in creating a good image or even new firm specific advantages. It can also be a waste of time and resources if not done correctly. And last, the limitations of both articles will also be provided in this part of the paper as well as some suggestions about future research that should be carried out to broaden the understanding of the subject.

In order to confirm or reject the first argument, it is crucial to identify whether other theories exist that support a more aggressive approach to internationalization. The main advantage of Johanson and Vahlne [2] theory is risk avoidance. This approach minimizes risk by increasing investments only after knowledge of the new market has been obtained. Internationalization starts with exporting, minimal resources contributed, and slowly grows into a sales subsidiary, and so forth. But it is common sense that some companies are more risk aversive than others. While this approach would appear as the best option for some firms, for some it could appear as a slow, ineffective allocation of resources that does not meet the firm’s goals. It may also be inappropriate in a situation that allows for foreign market exploitation that promises large potential but requires a large investment as well. An opponent of the slow, incremental market innovation is the Born-Global concept [4]. One of the differences between the Born- Whereas the traditional view is partly based on the difficulty of acquiring information to decrease risk, the Born-Global concept states that the reduction of effort and resources required to gain information allows firms to internationalize at a faster pace. According to Johanson and Vahlne [2] market knowledge can only be obtained by behavioral learning. The Born-Global view argues that foreign market knowledge can be acquired early on in the life of the firm. [4]. The Born-Global stresses foreign market knowledge as very important to internationalize rapidly. “The Born Global concept” explain the term ‘leapfrogging’ as firms’ actions during which they skip parts of traditional internationalizing procedure. The reasons for such events differ, one of them being mentioned as the export market homogenization. If that is the case, meaning information is cheap and easy to acquire and the export market is becoming more homogenous, then it would suggest that the pace at which firms internationalize can be higher. Based on [5] these firms can have high international activity soon after foundation of the firm, a manager with strong international orientation, tend to be relatively small with limited resources, emphasizing innovation, and other characteristics. Research also shows that there is no specific industry where the Born-Global approach prevails. Moen [6] argues that more than half of exporting firms established in France and Norway from 1990 until 2002 can be classified as Born Globals. This leads to think that the industry is not the main determinant of the internationalization strategy, although some industries are more likely to have a higher amount of Born-Global firms. Therefore, it can be concluded that the choice of internationalization approach depends on many factors, not only the industry.

As the second point of this paper’s discussion part the effect of incremental market commitment on different areas of the firm will be examined. The application of the second prescribed article by McWilliams and Siegel [3] as well as additional information will show the different effects that incremental market commitment can have on a firm. As mentioned before, market commitment consists

26

of two factors, resource commitment and the degree of commitment. The degree of commitment of a resource increases if it is specialized or adapted to a certain market. Investing in CSR activities is a part of market commitment that can vary in resource commitment (high or low) but has to have higher degree of commitment. CSR initiatives have to be to some extent adapted to an individual or regional market. For example, while for an average person living in Western Europe the thought of killing hundreds of whales and dolphins as a cultural ritual would be incomprehensible, for people living in the Faroe Islands it is an annual event. Morals differ from country to country, region to region. Therefore, firms have to adapt their CSR activities to match the market. It is now established that CSR initiatives are part of market commitment with higher degree of commitment and the next step is to evaluate the efficiency of incremental investing in foreign CSR activities. Wayne Visser’s [7] opinion is that “the incremental approach to CSR simply does not produce the scale and urgency of response that is required, nor does it get to the root of business’s systematic unsustainability and irresponsibility in the shareholder-driven, growth-obsessed capitalist global economy”1. If the incremental approach to CSR is ineffective and does not reach its goals, then it can be concluded that the traditional internationalization approach does not have a positive effect on all aspects of the firm.

Lastly, the limitations of the proscribed literature will be examined. First of all, Johanson and Vahlne [2] are using a study of four Swedish engineering firms and use the established patterns to show the reader that all of these four firms applied an incremental internationalization strategy. It would give the authors more credibility if more than four companies’ experiences would have been examined and if the firms would be chosen from different industries. Besides that, these firms can be classifies as large companies. Not all firms have access to such an amount of resources that can be slowly contributed to a foreign market for learning purposes. Another point that should be noted is the year in which this article was published. Much research has been conducted in this field since 1997. Therefore, to get a clear picture of the situation additional information has to be evaluated to identify the factors that influence the choice of internationalization strategy.

Another limitation of the study[2] is their interpretation of market commitment. They assume market commitment is composed of two factors: the amount of resources committed and the degree of integration of resources with other parts of the firm. Which implies that market commitment pertains solely resources. However, commitment means action creating a psychological and/or attitudinal stake in a relationship over time. The level of commitment also depends on the resources committed to exchange relationships and the strength of bonds between individuals within and across firms [1]. Mutual relationships could create knowledge and gain firms other insights.

The main limitation of the paper by McWilliams and Siegel [3] is how abstract it is. It has not acquired actual information about supply and demand of CSR, but at the same time argue about the existence of a CSR equilibrium between the demand and supply of CSR initiatives. In theory such an equilibrium could exist, but for it to have a possible application by managers additional research and data gathering has to be conducted. Additionally, it is at moments difficult to understand the reasoning behind the acceptance or rejection of the different hypotheses put forward by the authors. If they provide the reader with hypotheses that suggest a relationship between different factors, they should make it clear why it is either confirmed or rejected.

Conclusion

When focusing on the incremental market commitment in the process of internationalization, the importance of incremental market commitment in the process of internationalization differs. Sometimes a

1 “The Age of Responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the New DNA of Business”, Wayne Visser, Journal of Business Systems, Governance and Ethics, 2010, p.11

27

company firm gradually gains experience in serving a foreign market via agencies, but some companies have direct high international activity. The pace of resource commitment is considerably different. A reduction of effort in gaining market information and resources increases the pace of internationalization. Therefore we can state that internationalization is dependent on the effort and resources required to obtain information. Firms should not only generate relationship within the firm. A mutual relationship has to be nurtured to develop experiential knowledge, which strengthens the market commitment. This does not imply companies will commit more resources if their market knowledge is higher, because there is no empirical evidence. If we assume the firm contains the necessary experiential knowledge, the market commitment may be treated differently.

Currently Corporate Social Responsibility is about taking action to market pressures. The effect of allocating amounts of resources to CSR initiatives differs. For example, the European market introduced new market barriers which has put more pressure on producing in a sustainable manner and therefore requires more resources. When entering a market with lots of barriers it would affect the model of entrance. Producing profitable and societal goals might become contradictory in entrepreneurship, namely the realization of personal and societal goals. These societal goals differ enormously amongst countries and firms therefore have to discover the role of social responsibility. After discovering their role they are able to determine their commitment of resources to corporate social responsibility.

References

1. Bonaccorsi, A., On the the Relationship between firm size and export intensity, Journal of international business studies, 1992

2. Johanson, J., and Jan-Erik Vahlne, The Internationalization Process of the Firm-A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments, Journal of International Business Studies, 1997

3. McWilliams, A., & D. Siegel, Corporate Social Responsibility: A Theory of the Firm Perspective, Academy of Management Review, 2001

4. Erik S. Rasmussen and Tage Koed Madsen, The Born Global concept, 2002 5. Stoyan Tanev, Global from the Start: The Characteristics of Born-Global Firms in the Technology

Sector, Technology Innovation Management Review, 2012 6. Øystein Moen, The Born Globals: A new generation of small European exporters, International

Marketing Review, 2002 7. Wayne Visser, The Age of Responsibility: CSR 2.0 and the New DNA of Business, Journal of Business

Systems, Governance and Ethics, 2010 8. Commission of the European Communities. Communication from the Commission concerning corporate

social responsibility: A business contribution to sustainable development. Brussels: EU Commission, 2002

9. Torben Pedersen, Bent Petersen, Explaining gradually increasing resource commitment to a foreign market, Elsevier, 1998

28

oqsana riabCenko

maqsim dibrova

oleqsandr riabCenko

(ukraina)

globalizacia, sabazro valdebuleba da internacionalizacia soflis meurneobaSi: Teoriuli midgomebis mimoxilva

reziume

Tanamedrove globaluri gamowvevebi, rogoricaa energetikulida sasursaTo

usafrTxoeba, gansazRvravs adgilobrivi soflis meurneobis bazris internacionali-

zaciisaken midrekilebas. interesTa Tanxvedra ganpirobebulia resursebis gamoyenebis

saerTo sivrcis arsebobiT.

msoflioSi urTierTkavSirebis rolis gafarToebis kvaldakval, mniSvnelovania

gavigoT, Tu ratom da rogor erTvebian firmebi saerTaSoriso operaciebSi. mas Sem-

deg, rac Seafaseben sxvadasxva firmis gamocdilebas, mkvlevrebi cdiloben, SeimuSaon

CarCopirobebi, rac uzrunvelyofs firmebs internacionalizaciis direqtivebiT.

es kvleva mimoixilavs firmebis sxvadasxvagvar midgomas saerTaSoriso bazrebze

wvdomisaTvis, maT Soris, soflis meurneobis produqciis mwarmoebelTaTvisac.

zogierTi amtkicebs, rom internacionalizaciis yvela mcdeloba iwyeba ucxour

bazarze agentis SuamavlobiT saqonlis eqsportiT. mxolod saqonlis eqsportis gar-

kveuli drois Semdeg, firmebi cdiloben, eqsportirebuli saqoneli gaasaRon Svilo-

bili kompaniis daxmarebiT. zogierTi firma SeiZleba ufro Sors wavides da daner-

gos sawarmoo simZlavreebi ucxour bazarze, magram arcerT maTgans am formiT moqme-

deba jer ar dauwyia.

29

giorgi SixaSvili

nodar qitiaSvili

israelis miwaTsargeblobis bibliuri aspeqtebi

bibliaSi gadmocemuli moses rjuli (moses kanonmdebloba), misi saRvTo warmo-

mavlobis gamo, uzenaesi sibrZniT, siyvaruliT, humanizmiT, samarTlianobiTa da Zali-

Taa gamsWvaluli. aseve saRvTo gangebulebiT, mas udidesi istoriuli da socialur-

ekonomikuri daniSnuleba aqvs. mTeli bibliuri swavleba da, kerZod, moses kanon-

mdebloba aris is konceptualuri safuZveli (paradigma, koncefcia, modeli), rome-

lic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis RvTivsulier harmoniul ganviTarebas.

codviT dacemuli kacobriobisaTvis saboloo msoflio-istoriuli mizani Rmer-

TTan Serigebasa da zneobis aRorZinebaSi mdgomareobs. am udidesi miznis ganxorcie-

lebisaTvis da am procesSi sxva erebis mozidva-CarTvisaTvis RmerTma ebraeli eri,

israelis saxelmwifo SearCia da samoqmedo gegma-kanonmdeblobiTac aRWurva. amdenad,

bibliur swavlebas yoveli erisa da saxelmwifosaTvis uzenaesi mniSvneloba gaaCnia.

moses kanonmdebloba da damoukidebeli saxelmwifo uzenaesad maSin eboZa ebrae-

lebs, rodesac isini, uflis nebiT, egviptis monobisagan gaTavisufldnen, palestina-

Si dasaxldnen da sazogadoebriv aRmSeneblobas Seudgnen.

moses rjulSi erT-erTi umTavresi adgili ukavia kanonebs miwaTmflobelobisa

da miwaTsargeblobis Sesaxeb. moses kanonmdeblobaSi miwa warmodgenilia rogorc

mflobelobis mTavari sagani da RmerTis mmarTvelobis obieqti. miwis mflobeloba aq

emyareba Teokratiul princips, romelic gamoricxavs sxva qveynebSi gavrcelebul mi-

wis bunebrivi, TviTneburi mitaceba-miTvisebis praqtikas.

bibliuri swavlebiT da, konkretulad, moses kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, miwa

mxolod RmerTis sakuTrebaa, romelic saukunod gankargavs mas sayovelTao Semoqme-

dis uflebiT, vinaidan: `RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa~ (dab. 1,1), daafuZna da daamyara

miwa (qveyana), moaTavsa miwa sivrceSi, daamtkica svetni miwisa, Seqmna mnaTobni cisa

miwis (qveynis) gasanaTeblad, miwis mosarwyavad mdinareebi aRavso wyliT da moavlina

wvima, nayofier hyo miwa (qveyana), Seqmna miwa sacxovreblad, adamians misca ufleba

miwaze _ `kurTxeuli xarT uflis mier, cisa da qveynis Semoqmedis mier, ca _ cad

uflisaTvis, xolo qveyana misca adamis ZeT~ (fs. 113,23-24).

magram adamianis ufleba miwaze ar aris SeuzRudavi, ris gamoc RmerTi Segvax-

senebs: `uflisa aris qveyniereba da savseba misi, samyaro da misi mkvidrni. radgan

zRvebze daafuZna man igi da mdinareebze moawyo igi~ (fs. 23, 1-2) da mcnebad gviwe-

sebs: `miwa samudamod ar unda gaiyidos, radgan Cemia miwa, radgan Tqven mdgmurebi da

xiznebi xarT CemTan~ (lev. 25, 23).

mosesdroindel warmarTul qveynebSi gabatonebuli iyo miwis mflobelobis bu-

nebriv-istoriuli, mitaceba-miTvisebis usamarTlo kanoni misgan gamomdinare mravali

cxovrebiseuli anomaliiT. misi sapirispiroa miwis Tanabarzomieri ganawilebis Teok-

ratiuli principi, romelic moses saxelmwifos yoveli wevrisaTvis uzrunvelyofda

miwis mflobelobisa da miwaTmoqmedebis Tanabar uflebas.

30

rodesac israelianebi aRricxnen gvareulobisa da mamakacebis mixedviT, ufalma

uTxra moses: `amaT daunawileb qveyanas samkvidroebad saxelTa ricxvis mixedviT.

mravalricxovans ufro didi samkvidro mieci, mcirericxovans _ mcire; TiToeuls

maTi ricxvis mixedviT mieces samkvidro. oRond wilisyriT unda danawildes qveyana,

mameuli Stoebis saxelTa mixedviT miiRon samkvidro. wilisyris pirobaze unda dau-

nawildeT samkvidroebi, mravalricxovanT da mcirericxovanT~ (ricx. 26, 53-56).

miwis samudamo gayidva israelSi akrZaluli iyo, vinaidan Teokratiulad dauS-

vebelia miwaTsargeblobis procesis miSveba bunebriv-istoriuli SemTxveviTobebis

amara, rasac socialuri usamarTloba, adamianTa damoneba, siRatake da sxva uaryofi-

Ti Sedegebi moaqvs. am Teokratiul princips Seesatyviseba ekonomikis saxelmwifoeb-

rivi regulirebis cnobili Tanamedrove Teoriac, romlis mixedviTac, saxelmwifom

unda moawesrigos ekonomikuri urTierTobebi sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis procesSi.

israelis moqalaqes SeeZlo gaeyida misi kuTvnili miwis nakveTi mxolod gar-

kveuli droiT, romlis Semdeg igi kvlav usasyidlod unda dabruneboda masve, an mis

memkvidreebs. aseTi sjuldebuleba praqtikulad xorcieldeboda cnobili saSabaTo

wlebis dawesebiT.

saSabaTo wlebs udidesi Teokratiul-ekonomikuri mniSvneloba aqvs moses kanon-

mdeblobis mTels sistemaSi. saSabaTo wlebis sistema eyrdnoba bibliur msoflxed-

vas SabaTis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. SabaTi iTvleba mosvenebis dRed (romliTac TviT

RmerTmac isargebla samyaros Seqmnis Semdeg) da agreTve dRed, romelic adasturebs

samyaros sikarges da srulyofilebas _ `dainaxa RmerTma yovelive, rac gaaCina, da

aha, Zalian kargi iyo... gaasrula RmerTma meeqvse DdRes Tavisi saqme, rac gaakeTa, da

daisvena meSvide dRes yoveli saqmisgan, rac gaakeTa. akurTxa RmerTma meSvide dRe da

wmidahyo igi~ (dab. 1,31; 2,2,3).

saSabaTo wlebis sistemis udidesi daniSnuleba isaa, rom moawesrigos da sawy-

is mdgomareobas daubrunos is socialur-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi, romlebic sa-

zogadoebrivi ganviTarebis procesSi gadacdnen saTanado normebs. aseTi sistema upre-

cedentoa msoflios istoriaSi da misi daweseba SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod Teokrati-

ul saxelmwifoSi, sadac sufevs uzenaesis gangebuleba da samarTlianoba.

saSabaTo wlebis sistema Sedgeboda ormagi gradaciisagan. igi iwyeboda meSvide

wliT (~saSabaTo weli~) da mTavrdeboda ormocdameaTeTe (~saiubileo weli~), rome-

lic daasrulebda meSvide wlebis Svideuls (7 X 7 + 1), ris Semdegac iwyeboda

meSvide wlebis axali Svideuli. saSabaTo wlis umTavresi debuleba aris RmerTis

moTxovna miwis mosvenebis Sesaxeb _ `iuqmos miwam SabaTi uflisaTvis. eqvs weliwads

Tesavde Sens yanas, eqvs weliwads sxlavde Sens venaxs da iRebde mosavals. meSvide

dRes ki sauqmo SabaTia miwisaTvis, uflis SabaTi. yana ar daTeso da venaxi ar gas-

xla~ (lev. 25, 2-4).

SabaTis wlis Teokratiuli mniSvneloba, miwasTan mimarTebaSi, mdgomareobs Sem-

degSi. am dros miwa aRidgens im srulyofil Tvisebebs, romlebic mas RmerTisgan

hqonda miniWebuli samyaros Seqmnisas, agreTve, israelianebisaTvis palestinis miwebis

ganawilebis dros da romlebic man dakarga damuSavebisa da gamofitvis Sedegad. gar-

da amisa, aRsaniSnavia misi didi ekonomikur-teqnologiuri daniSnulebac. kerZod, ag-

31

ronomiuli TvalsazrisiT, SabaTis weli, periodulad ganmeorebadobis kvalobaze, as-

rulebda aneulis (aneuli es aris mindori, romelic ar muSavdeba erTi wlis ganmav-

lobaSi, raTa miwa gaiwmindos sarevelebisagan da moxdes niadagis ganayofiereba) da

miwis sasuqis rols.

im periodSi mecxoveleoba kargad iyo ganviTarebuli. miwis Sesvenebis wels

didZali pirutyvi mindvrebSi iyo datovebuli, rac bunebrivi sasuqiT uzrunvelyof-

da miwas. yovelive es gamofituli miwis potencialis aRdgenas emsaxureboda (Sevada-

roT miwis klebadi nayofierebis malTusiseul pesimistur Teorias).

meSvide wlis kanoni sxva mniSvnelovan momentebsac iTvaliswinebda: `Cafantuli

marcvlidan amosuli ar momka da gausxlavi vazidan yurZeni ar mokrifo. uqmi weli-

wadi iyos miwisaTvis. miwis uqmobis dros gqondeT saWmelad Sen da Sens ymas, Sens

ymaqals, qiriskacs da mdgmurs, romelic SenTan dgas, Sens pirutyvs da cxovelebs,

romlebic Sens miwaze arian, mTeli mosavali gqondeT saWmelad~ (lev. 25, 5-7).

am kanoniT, uqmobaSi myofi miwis nayofiT sargebloba SeuZlia yvelas, vinc amas

saWiroebs da manamde ar hqonda ufleba misi gamoyenebisa. kanonis Teokratiuli mniS-

vneloba isaa, rom am dros, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, aRdgeba sazogadoebrivi cxov-

rebis is perodi, rodesac codvebiT da egoisturi instinqtebiT dauavadebeli adami-

anebi erTian organizms warmoadgendnen da Tanabaruflebianad sargeblobdnen bunebis

sikeTeebiT. amasTan, kerZo sakuTrebis saerTo sargeblobaSi erTwliani gadacemis

gziT miiRweoda dadebiTi socialur-ekonomikuri da socialur-eTikuri Sedegebi.

kanoni iTvaliswinebda eris Rarib-RatakebisaTvis da adamianTagan xSirad daCag-

ruli pirutyvisaTvis sazrdos micemasac: `eqvs weliwads Tese miwa da aiRe misi mo-

savali. meSvide wels ar daamuSavo, miagde igi, rom sazrdo hqondeT Seni eris Ra-

rib-Ratakebs, da rom misi narCenebi gareulma pirutyvma Wamos. aseve moiqeci Seni ve-

naxisa da zeTisxilis mimarT~ (gam. 23, 10-11).

metad sainteresoa sakiTxi miwis Sesvenebis dros mosaxleobis sursaTiT uz-

runvelyofis Sesaxeb. kerZod, TiTqos saeWvoa, daumuSavebel niadagze movides xalxis

dasakmayofileblad sakmarisi mosavali. es eWvi gaifanteba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT pa-

lestinis istoriul-geografiul Taviseburebebs da uflis zrunva-gangebulebas.

sayovelTaod cnobilia palestinis klimatur-agronomiuli potencialis da mo-

savlianobis maRali done. bibliaSi amis Sesaxeb weria, rom es aris qveyana, `sadac

Rvarad moedineba rZe da Tafli~ (gam. 3,17), igi `yoveli qveynis mSvenebaa~ (ezek.

20,6). ufali eubneba israelianebs, rom RmerTi ers daasaxlebs palestinaSi, `madli-

an qveyanaSi, nakadulTa da wyaroTa qveyanaSi, sadac niaRvrebi moedinebian mTad da ba-

rad, xorblisa da qeris, yurZnisa da leRvis, da broweulis qveyanaSi, zeTisxilisa

da Taflis qveyanaSi, qveyanaSi, sadac ar mogakldeba saWmeli da puri da araferi ga-

giWirdeba, qveyanaSi, romelsac rkina aqvs qvebad da romlis mTebidanac rvals gamok-

veTav. SeWam da gaZRebi, da dalocav ufals, Sens RmerTs, im madliani miwisaTvis,

romelic mogca~ (rjl. 8, 7-10).

palestinis sameurneo potencialTan erTad, ufali Tavisi zrunva-gangebulebi-

Tac exmareba israelianebs: `Tu ikiTxavT, ra vWamoTo meSvide wels, Tu ar davTeseT

da Tu ar aviReTo mosavali, vbrZaneb Cems kurTxevas Tqvenze meeqvse wels da moiy-

32

vans mosavals sami wlisTvis. daTesavT merve wels, magram mecxre wlamde Zvel mosa-

vals SeWamT, Zveli unda WamoT, vidre misi mosavali Semovidodes~ (lev. 25,20-22).

rogorc vxedavT, garda zemoaRniSnuli bunebrivi SesaZleblobebisa, yovlisSemZle

RmerTi Tavisi uSualo gangebulebiTac uzrunvelyofs adamianebs sakmarisi sursaTiT.

mTlianobaSi, bibliuri ekonomikuri da sasoflo-sameureneo moZRvreba warmog-

vidgeba rogorc mTeli sameurneo-mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobisa da, kerZod, sasoflo-

sameurneo warmoebis optimaluri warmarTvis konceptualuri safuZveli da praqti-

kul-meTodologiuri gza, romelTa gamoyenebas SeuZlia uzrunvelyos sazogadoebis

harmoniuli RvTivsulieri ganviTareba.

es garemoeba nebismierma xalxma da qveyanam, maT Soris, saqarTvelomac unda ga-

iTvaliswinos Tavisi ganviTarebis procesSi. mxolod TanamedroveobasTan harmoniu-

lad Sexamebuli bibliuri sibrZnis gamoyenebiT SeZlebs qarTuli saxelmwifo WeSma-

riti sulier-materialuri progresis miRwevas.

Giorgi Shikhashvili Nodar Kitiashvili

The Biblical Aspects of Israel’s Land Use

Abstract

According to the Bible and, in particular, by the law of Moses, the land is owned by the only God, who disposes it forever by the right of the universal creator.

Israeli citizen was able to sell his land only for a limited time, after which it must be returned gratuitously to the same charge, or his heir.

Overall, the economic doctrine of the Bible and the relevant legislation is presented as a conceptual base and practical implementation of the whole economic activity and, in particular the optimal way of rational land use, which utilization can provide the harmonious, inspired development of society.

This circumstance should be taken into account by any people and nations in their moving for-ward process. Georgian state can achieve real material progress and the development of agricultural production only with the utilization of the Biblical wisdom harmoniously combined with modernity.

33

studentebis moxsenebebi

Students’ presentations

nestan abramiSvili

irakli svaniZe

levan tefnaZe

iulia janaSvili

saxelmwifo programebis roli soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaSi

(saqarTvelosa da israelis magaliTze)

Cveni mizania, yuradReba gavamaxviloT, Tu ra programebi xorcieldeboda da

xorcieldeba dResdReobiT saqarTvelosa da israelSi soflis meurneobaSi da ra

gavlena iqonia man am seqtorze. pirveli nawili eTmoba problemebis ganxilvas, rome-

lic dRes aris saqarTvelos soflis meurneobaSi, aseve gzebis Ziebas, romelic maTi

mogvarebiskenaa mimarTuli.

sainteresoa soflis meurneobaSi saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli sxvadas-

xva programis (magaliTad: `awarmoe saqarTveloSi~, `danerge momavali~, `agrodazRve-

va~) roli da mniSvnelobis gansazRvra. aRniSnuli seqtori saqarTvelosTvis mniSvne-

lovania imdenad, ramdenadac misi mosaxleobis 50% swored aq aris dasaqmebuli da

mTliani Sida produqtis didi nawilic swored agroseqtorze modis.

sayuradReboa israelis gamocdileba da saxelmwifos roli. qveynis wylisa da

miwis resursebi mTlianad saxelmwifos mflobelobaSia. aRsaniSnavia kooperatiuli

Temebis dominanturobac, raSic kibucebi da moSavebi igulisxmeba. am ori faqtoris

da saxelmwifo programebis erTianobam ganapiroba israelis soflis meurneobis gan-

viTarebis maRali done.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelmwifos mxridan ganxorcielebul da mis mier mxar-

daWeril proeqtebs namdvilad aqvs didi da pozitiuri Sedegi, Tumca ganviTarebadi

qveynisTvis aucilebelia soflis meurneobis seqtoris dafinansebis zrda.

qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi soflis meurneoba erT-erT umniSvnelovanes

rols asrulebs. swored amitomaa, rom saxelmwifoTa umravlesoba udides yuradRe-

bas uTmobs agraruli seqtoris mdgrad ganviTarebas. saxelmwifos roli gansakuTre-

biT didia iseT ganviTarebad qveynebSi, rogoric saqarTveloa, Tumca, am mxriv, ganvi-

Tarebuli qveynebic ar CamorCebian. bevri qveyana iyenebs mis xelT arsebul berketebs

(subsidireba, grantebi, qvotebi da sxv.), raTa waaxalisos agrosferoSi moRvawe su-

bieqtebi. saxelmwifos mier SemuSavebuli sxvadasxva programa xSirad gamxdara mecni-

er-ekonomistTa davis sagani, amitomac aRniSnuli sakiTxi metad aqtualuria.

Cveni mizania, warmovaCinoT soflis meurneobis dargSi saxelmwifos mier gan-

xorcielebuli sxvadasxva programebis mier Sesrulebuli rolis identificireba da

Sefaseba ganviTarebadi saqarTvelosa da ganviTarebuli israelis magaliTze. aseve -

34

SevTavazoT dainteresebul subieqtebs miRebuli Sedegebis safuZvelze mecnierulad

dasabuTebuli rekomendaciebi.

2000-iani wlebidan moyolebuli saqarTvelos ekonomikis erT-erT mniSvnelovan

gamowvevad rCeba soflis-meurneobis ganviTareba. dargs, romelSic oficialurad mo-

saxleobis 50%-ia dasaqmebuli, mTlian Sida produqtSi (mSp) mxolod 9-10% wili

Seaqvs, xolo soflis meurneobis produqciis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoTa wili mTli-

an Sida produqtSi 4%-s Seadgens. სwored amitom saqarTvelos rogorc wina, ise am-

Jamindeli xelisufleba cdilobda da cdilobs sxvadasxva proeqtiT dargis gamo-

cocxlebas. dRes moqmedi saxelmwifo proeqtebidan popularobiT sargeblobs:

~awarmoe saqarTveloSi~ _ sxvadasxva sawarmoTaTvis qonebis gadacema 1 larad,

sesxis Tanadafinanaseba da infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofa;

mcire fermerTa daxmarebis programa _ agrobaraTebis darigeba sxvadasxva sawar-

moo saSualebis SesaZenad;

~danerge momavali~ – Tanadafinanseba xexilis baRebis gaSenebisaTvis, wveTovani

sarwyavi sistemebis montaJisaTvis da sanerge meurneobebis mowyobisaTvis;

soflis meurneobis kooperativebis daxmarebis programa – kooperativebi sargeb-

loben sagadasaxado SeRavaTebiT; mimdinareobs sagranto konkursebi, romlebic

teqnikur da finanasur mxardaWeras gulisxmobs, xorcieldeba motoblokebiTa da

xelis saTesebiT sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis uzrunvelyofis programa;

SeRavaTiani agrokreditis programa – iTvaliswinebs saxelmwifos monawileobiTa

da xelSewyobiT sesxis aRebas sxvadasxva aqtivobebisaTvis (axali sawarmos Sesaq-

mnelad, gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis mosawyobad, agrolizingisaTvis, citrusebis

eqsportiorebisaTvis, yurZnis gadamamuSavebeli kompaniebisaTvis);

saxelmwifo sawarmoebis Seqmna soflis meurneobis dargSi – aRniSnuli proeqtis

farglebSi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi ganxorcielda mocvis plantaciebis

gaSeneba, sasaTbure meurneobis mowyoba da sxv.;

agro seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa ganaTlebis amaRleba – rac iTvaliswinebs dasaqme-

bulTaTvis sxvadasxva saxis treningebisa da saleqcio kursis Catarebas, raTa

dainergos Tanamedrove meTodebi warmoebis procesSi;

agro dazRvevis programa – saxelmwifos TanamonawileobiT agro seqtoris dazR-

veva.

zemoT CamoTvlili programebis ganxorcieleba xels uwyobs qveyanaSi agrobiz-

nesis ganviTarebas. konkretulad ganvixilavT programis `awarmoe saqarTveloSi~ am-

Jamad arsebul Sedegebს. programis ganxorcieleba daiwyo 2014 wlis ivnisidan da

mTlianad 80-mde proeqti damtkicda saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier, rac jamSi daax-

loebiT 100 milioni laris investicias iTvaliswinebs. soflis meurneobis dargSi

ganxorcielda 30-mde proeqti, jamSi 40 milioni laris odenobiT.Pprogramis far-

glebSi ganxorcielda 7 maRalteqnologiuri sasaTbure meurneobis mowyoba. sasaTbu-

re meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis jamSi ganxorcieldeba 21 milioni laris investicia

da dasaqmdeba daaxloebiT 300-350 adgilobrivi mcxovrebi.

konkretulad ganvixilavT erT-erT proeqts, romelic iTvaliswinebda gardaban-

Si maRalteqnologiuri sasaTbure meurneobis ganviTarebas. aRniSnuli proeqtis far-

35

glebSi kerZo kompanias gadaeca saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli 35 ha arasasof-

lo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTi simbolur fasad, misi Rirebulebis oTxma-

gi investiciis daxarjvis da miznobrivi proeqtis ganxorcielebis sanacvlod. aRniS-

nul proeqtis dasrulebisaTvis ganxorcielebuli iqneba 10 milioni laris investi-

cia da dasaqmdeba 150 adgilobrivi mcxovrebi.

aRniSnuli proeqtis pirveli faza ganxorcielda 2015 wlis martis TveSi

(garkveul nawilze moewyo sasaTbure meurneoba da dairgo CiTilebi), xolo zafxu-

lisTvis ki pirveli produqciis realizeba gaxda SesaZlebeli.

aseTi proeqtebis simravle aucileblad gamoiwvevs ekonomikuri mdgomareobis

gaumjobesebas. raionisTvis amgvari proeqtebi sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, radgan

gardabanis municipalitetis 2015 wlis biujeti 11,3 milion lars Seadgens, xolo

am proeqtis investiciis moculoba 2015-2016 wlebSi 10 milioni laria. aseTi pro-

porciis investiciis ganxorcieleba xels Seuwyobs municipalitetis ekonomikur gaZ-

lierebas.

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, saqarTveloSi dasaqmebulTa 50% soflis meurneobis

dargze modis, amitom xelisufleba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aniWebs mis ganviTare-

bas. swored rom xelisuflebis Carevis Sedegia soflis meurneobis wilis zrda

mTliani Sida produqtis monacemebSi, rac naTlad Cans Cvens diagramaze. Cven mier da-

saxelebulia programebi, romelTa ganxorcielebac 2012 wlidan daiwyo, xelisufle-

bis cvlilebis Semdeg. gansakuTrebiT sasixaruloa soflis meurneobis dargis ekono-

mikuri maCveneblis zrda, risi tendenciac SeimCneva 2010 wlidan moyolebuli da au-

cilebelia moxdes aRniSnuli zrdis tempis aramarto SenarCuneba, aramed zrdac.

nax. 1 mTliani DSida produqtis monacemebSi soflis meurneobis dargis monawileoba

1996–2014 wlebSi

Cven mier motanil diagramaze kargad Cans, rom 2003 wlamde miliard-naxevaric

ki ar iyo mSp-Si soflis meurneobis wili. xolo mas Semdeg, rac saxelmwifom met-

0.0

500.0

1,000.0

1,500.0

2,000.0

2,500.0

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

*

მშპ-ში

სოფლის

მეურნეობა

36

naklebad daiwyo Careva soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaSi, imata Semosavlebma am seq-

torSi, rac mSp-zec aisaxa. nax. 1-ze kargad Cans 2012 wlis Semdeg Tu rogor mkveT-

rad gaizarda agroseqtoris Semosavlebi da 2013 wels 2 miliard larsac ki gadaa-

Warba. yovelive amis Semdeg cxadia Tu raoden mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos Careva

soflis meurneobis dაrgSi ganviTarebadi ekonomikis mqone qveynisaTvis.1

nax. 2-ze moyvanili cxrili kidev ufro amyarebs Cvens azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom

soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia saxelmwifos mxridan ganxorci-

eldes garkveuli saxis intervenciuli Carevebi, daigegmos sxvadasxva RonisZieba, ra-

Ta gaizardos qveyanaSi soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoeba.swored aseTi Care-

vis Sedegia 2013 wels gazrdili simindis, kartofilis, bostneulis xorcis da

rZis warmoebisa.

nax. 2 ZiriTadi agroproduqtebis warmoeba 2007-2013 wlebSi

saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministros mier SemuSavebulia `saqarTvelos

soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis strategia~ 2015-2020 wlebSi, romlis mixedviTac,

strategiul mimarTulebebad aRebulia: agrarul sferoSi dasaqmebulTa konkurentuna-

rianobis amaRleba, instituciuri ganviTareba, melioraciisa da niadagis nayofierebis

zrda, regionaluri da dargobrivi zrda, sasursaTo uzrunvelyofis zrda, veterina-

ria da mcenareTa dacva, klimatis cvlilebebi da biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom xsenebuli strategia ar moicavs konkretul, dagegmil

RonisZiebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor apirebs soflis meurneobis saministro gana-

xorcielos strategiuli mimarTulebebis ganviTareba, rac problemas warmoqmnis. au-

cilebelia meti konkretizacia imisa, Tu ris gakeTebas apirebs saministro dargis

metad gamosacocxleblad. Cven mier naxsenebi saxelmwifo daxmarebis programebi mar-

Talia Sedegs iZleva, magram es sakmarisi ar aris Cveni, rogorc ganviTarebadi qvey-

nis soflis-meurneobis win wamowevisaTvis.2

1 http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=118&lang=geo 2 saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis strategia, 2015-2020 w.w.

37

israeli unikaluri qveyanaa ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris, radgan wylisa da miwis

resursebi TiTqmis mTlianad saxelmwifos mflobelobaSia. kidev erTi gansxvavebuli ni-

San-Tviseba israelis soflis meurneobisa aris kooperatiuli Temebis dominanturoba,

sadac gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia kibucebi da moSavebi.

80-iani wlebis bolomde israelis mTavroba didwilad iyo CarTuli soflis me-

urneobis seqtoris regulirebaSi, rasac axorcielebda sxvadasxva saxis subsidiis, cen-

tralizebuli mmarTvelobis, warmoebis kvotebis dawesebiT, fasebis kontroliTa da

proteqcionistuli RonisZiebebis meSveobiT. 80-iani wlebis bolos mTavrobam gaacnobie-

ra, rom mxardaWera, romelsac uwevda soflis meurneobis seqtors, finansurad aRar

iyo misaRebi da xelisufalTa iniciativiT daiwyo mmarTvelobiTi principebis deregu-

lacia. reformebis procesi iyo etapobrivi da mTeli ekonomikis masStabiT xorcielde-

boda antiinflaciuri politika. reformebis mizani iyo israelis soflis meurneobis

konkurentunarianobis amaRleba. cvlilebebis didi nawili Seexo xilisa da bostneulis

seqtors, radgan qveyana aRniSnuli produqciis erT-erTi umsxvilesi eqsportioria

msoflio bazarze, xolo mecxoveleobis seqtorSi proteqcionizmisa da daxmarebebis ma-

Rali done kvlav SenarCunda.

israelis mTavrobam ganaxorciela Zalian bevri programa soflis meurneobis seq-

toris ganviTarebisaTvis. Cven mizanSewonilad miviCnevT ganvixiloT ramdenime maTgani.1

zomebi fasis mxardasaWerad: fasis mxardaWeris zomebi iyo mniSvnelovani nawili

soflis meurneobis dagegmvis sistemisa da dResac narCundeba kvercxsa da rZeze.

aRniSnuli programis farglebSi ganisazRvreba warmoebis kvotebi, wesdeba garan-

tirebuli minimaluri fasebi da aRmoifxvreba Warbi warmoeba.

sainvesticio mxardaWera: 1980 wels miRebul iqna kanoni soflis meurneobaSi in-

vesticiebis waxalisebis Sesaxeb. mas Semdeg saxelmwifom sainvesticio mxardaWe-

riT uzrunvelyo sasoflo-sameurneo seqtoris mwarmoeblebi. aRniSnuli kanonis

mizani iyo sagadasaxdelo balansis gaumjobeseba soflis meurneobis seqtoris gan-

viTarebis xarjze, sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis srulyofa privilegirebul re-

gionebSi da mowinave teqnologiebis danergva. mTavari cvlileba adreul sistemas-

Tan SedarebiT iyo is, rom fermerebi, romlebic saqmianobdnen qveynis yvelaze

mWidrod dasaxlebul teritoriebze, veRar miiRebdnen sainvesticio daxmarebas.

Semcirebuli wylis fasebi: wylis resursebi saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia da mTavroba

gamoyofs wyals sameurneo saqmianobisaTvis kvotirebuli sistemis meSveobiT. ferme-

rebi ixdian wylis srul Rirebulebaze naklebs. 1995-2008 wlebis ganmavlobaSi bi-

ujetidan yovelwliurad 42-dan 168 milion amerikul dolaramde gamoiyofoda

wylis resursebis mxardasaWerad, rac aisaxeboda sxvadasxva RonisZiebaSi. magali-

Tad: fermerebis mxardaWera sairigacio teqnologiebis danergvisaTvis, insfrastruq-

turuli proeqtebis dafinanseba, samecniero kvlevebis mxardaWera da sxv.

valis restruqturizacia da Camowera: valis krizisi gamoiwvia antiinflaciurma

samTavrobo politikam. inflacia Semcirda wliuri 500%-dan 20%-mde 1985 wels.

Sedegad, realuri saprocento ganakveTi sasoflo-sameurneo valisa, romelic 1970

1 OECD review of agricultural policy reform in Israel, 2013

38

wlidan iyo uaryofiTi, 1985 wlisaTvis gaizarda 20%-mde. krizisamde periodSi,

fermerebi iRebdnen iaf sesxebs davalianebis dasafarad. krizis Semdgom ki sapro-

cento ganakveTebma myisierad aiwia. aseT pirobebSi seqtori, ubralod, veRar SeZ-

lebda valis momsaxurebis dafarvas. sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT, valis raodenobam

3.5-4 miliard amerikul dolars miaRwia.

sasoflo-sameurneo dazRvevis sistema: 1967 wels daarsda fondi bunebrivi zianiT

miyenebuli zaralis aRmosafxvrelad. misi erTi nawili saxelmwifos mflobeloba-

Sia, xolo meore naxevars marketingisa da warmoebis sabWo ganagebs. igi imarTeba

rogorc komerciuli organizacia. aRniSnuli fondis SeqmniT, mTavrobam da ferme-

rebma gainawiles dazRvevaze pasuxismgebloba. dazianebis SemTxvevaSi fondi muSa-

obs individualurad dazaralebul fermerebTan. Tavdapirvelad igi iRebs ganacx-

ads zianis Sesaxeb, Semdeg afasebs zarals da gansazRvravs kompensaciis odenobas

dazRvevis xelSekrulebis safuZvelze.

kvleva da ganviTareba: kvlevebi israelis soflis meurneobaSi kargad aris ganvi-

Tarebuli. intensiuri warmoebis sistemebis danergva ganapiroba mecnierebis, ferme-

rebis, soflis meurneobasTan dakavSirebuli industriebisa da sxvadasxva sabWos

mWidro TanamSromlobam da erToblivi ZalisxmeviT muSaobam.

garda aRniSnuli programebisa, israelis mTavrobam SeimuSava agroproduqtebis sa-

vaWro politika, romlis mizania:1

eqsportis moculobis gazrda da misi meSveobiT ucxouri valutis mozidva, rac

moutans damatebiT Semosavals fermerebs;

Semosavlis wyaroTi uzrunvelyofa periferiebSi dasaxlebuli mosaxleobisa, ra-

mac xeli unda Seuwyos maTi qmediTunarianobis amaRlebas;

qveyanaSi sasoflo-sameurneo produqciaze moTxovnis adgilobrivi warmoebiT uz-

runvelyofa.

israelSi saxelmwifos mxridan ganxorcielebulma intervenciulma programebma po-

zitiuri roli iTamaSa soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaSi. saqarTveloSi agroseqtorSi

ganxorcielebuli programebi Zalian waagavs israelSi 1980-ian wlebSi ganxorcielebul

daxmarebis paketebs. swored am Carevis damsaxurebaa israelis agroseqtoris dRevande-

li ganviTarebis aseTi done. aucileblad dadgeba momenti, rodesac xelisufleba uars

ityvis saxelmwifo programebze, im wuTidan ki SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom saqarTveloSi

soflis meurneobis seqtori ganviTarebulia. amitomac aucilebelia saxelmwifom gaag-

rZelos soflis meurneobis subsidireba da gazardos kidec finansuri daxmareba, raTa

mokle xanSi ganviTardeses mniSvnelovani sfero.

bolos ki gvinda aRvniSnoT saqarTvelos da israelis mTavrobis erToblivi prog-

rama, romelic saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba. is did rols iTamaSebs soflis meurneobis,

kerZod ki kooperativebis ganviTarebaSi. saubaria ssip – veteranebis saqmeTa saxelmwi-

fo samsaxuris da israelis mTavrobis erTobliv proeqtze gardabanSi, lemSvenieraSi

arsebul 2000 ha sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis nakveTebze kibucebis an/da mo-

1 Agricultural Policy reform in Israel, 2011

39

Savebis msgavsi soflis Seqmnaze, romlisTvisac maT gadaecemaT saxelmwifos sakuTreba-

Si arsebuli savargulebi.

aRniSnul proeqtSi saqarTvelos finansurad da inteleqtualurad daxmarebas gau-

wevs israelis xelisufleba, romelsac didi gamocdileba aqvs kooperativebis Seqmna--

funqcionirebis saqmeSi.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis strategia, 2015 – 2020 w.w.

2. OECD review of agricultural policy reform in Israel, 2013 3. Agricultural Policy reform in Israel, 2011 4. http://www.moa.gov.ge/contentimage/STRATEGIA_-geo_print.pdf 5. http://www.qartuli.ge/?address=financialsupport&lang=1 6. http://apma.ge/plant_future/index.apma 7. http://apma.ge/agroinsurance/about_project 8. http://apma.ge/agrocredit/about_project.apma 9. http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=118&lang=geo 10. http://www.moag.gov.il/agri/English/Ministrys+Units/Investment+Administration/default.htm 11. http://www.moag.gov.il/agri/English/Ministrys+Units/Plant+Breeders+Rights+Unit/default.htm

Nestan Abramishvili Irakli Svanidze

Levan Tepnadze Yulia Janashvili

The Role of Government Programs in Agricultural Development (on the example of Georgia and Israel)

Abstract

Paper aims to introduce programs that were carried out and also those that are in action

nowadays in Georgia and Israel and the kind of influence they made on this sector. At first problems existing in Georgia’s agriculture are discussed and attempts are made for finding ways to solve them.

Paper aims to show the role of programs implemented by the government, such as: “Produce in Georgia”, “Plant the Future”, “Agricultural Insurance”. This sector is important for Georgia in so far as 50% of its population is employed here and agricultural sector accounts a huge amount of Georgia’s GDP.

Paper also discusses experience and the role of government in Israel. Total water and land resources are in possession of government. It is noteworthy to mention the dominance of cooperative communities, such as Kibutsi and Moshavs. The unity of these two factors and state programs conditioned high development of Israel’s agriculture.

Finally, it can be said that programs implemented and supported by the government really bring sound and positive results, but for developing countries it’s necessary and compulsory to increase funding of agricultural sector.

40

irakli axalaZe

mariam laSxi

gela maxaraZe

giorgi cucqiriZe

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebis gzebi kaxeTis regionSi

saqarTvelo soflis meurneobis,sertifikaciis TvalsazrisiT, msoflio mniSvne-

lobis regionia. saqveynodaa cnobili da aRiarebuli, rom saqarTvelo vazis samSob-

loa. aq mravalsaukunovani istoriis manZilze gamoyvanilia am kulturis aborigenu-

li jiSebi, romelTa badali msoflioSi ar moiZebneba.

kaxeTi saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanesi sasoflo-sameurneo regionia, is flobs

qveynis sasoflo-samurneo savargulebis 38%-s da umsxvilesia am kuTxiT. soflis

meurneobaSi dasaqmebulia regionis Sromisunariani mosaxleobis 82%, rac aRniSnul

dargs udides mniSvnelobas aniWebs kaxeTis ekonomikur da socialur ganviTarebaSi.

kaxeTi mdidaria sasoflo-sameurneo miwis resursiT, gansakuTrebiT ki saxnavi

da saTib-saZovari savargulebiT. am kategoriis miwis farTobis mixedviT kaxeTs pir-

veli adgili ukavia saqarTveloSi, ramac igi memarcvleobisa da mecxoveleobis wam-

yvan regionad aqcia.

kaxeTi uZvelesi da unikaluri mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis regionia saqarTveloSi.

igi iyofa or zonad: Sida da gare kaxeTad. kaxeTSi gamoyofilia 25-ze meti mikro-

zona, sadac tradiciulad iwarmoeba warmoSobis adgilis dasaxelebis iseTi cnobili

Rvinoebi, rogoricaa: winandali, nafareuli, Teliani, axaSeni, mukuzani, qinZmarauli,

gurjaani, kardenaxi, manavi da sxva.

dReisaTvis saqarTvelos venaxebis 65-70% kaxeTSia koncentrirebuli. saukeTe-

so xarisxis Rvinoebis momcemi samrewvelo venaxebi gaSenebulia mdinareebis _alazni-

sa da ivris _ auzebSi, zRvis donidan 400-700 metr simaRleze.

saqarTveloSi mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebaSi wamyvan rols kaxeTisa da

imereTis mxareebi asruleben, rasac qvemoT moyvanili cxrili adasturebs.

cxrili 1. yurZnis warmoeba regionebis mixedviT (aTasi tona)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014*

saqarTvelo 162.5 227.3 175.8 150.1 120.7 159.6 144.0 222.8 225.8

imereTi 36.3 54.5 43.7 30.3 25.0 26.3 36.2 36.6 …

Sida qarTli 10.9 16.0 8.1 16.4 8.6 10.2 13.6 18.7 …

kaxeTi 80.2 118.6 100.0 82.7 64.7 98.1 70.8 129.5 …

danarCeni regionebi 35.1 38.2 24.0 20.7 22.4 25.0 23.3 38.1 …

* winaswari monacemebi. saboloo monacemebi xelmisawvdomi iqneba 2015 wlis ivnisSi

(http://www.geostat.ge/)

41

mevenaxeobas gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos erovnul ekonomikaSi mevenaxeoba-meRvineoba yovelTvis

TvalsaCino rols asrulebda da bevr mxareSi dResac mosaxleobis materialuri

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisa da maTi kulturuli donis amaRlebis ZiriTadi wyaroa.

xelSemwyobi bunebrivi pirobebi da vazis jiSTa siuxve srul SesaZleblobas

iZleva qveyanaSi mevenaxeobis farTod ganviTarebisaTvis. yurZnis mosavlis gazrda da

produqciis xarisxis gaumjobeseba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli adgilobriv eko-

logiur pirobebze, vazis jiSuri Tvisebebsa da misi movlis agroteqnikur RonisZie-

baTa kompleqsze, qveyanaSi arsebul socialur-ekonomikur garemoze.

saqarTveloSi saukuneebis manZilze xalxuri seleqciis meSveobiT gamoyvanilia

500-ze meti vazis jiSi, romelTa udidesi nawili, 400-ze meti, daculia sakoleq-

cio nargaobebSi. amJamad standartul asortimentSi 47 vazis samrewvelo jiSia Se-

tanili. aqedan 35 saRvine jiSebs ukavia.

saqarTvelo yovelTvis gamoirCeoda Rvinis maRali asortimentiT, romlis sa-

nedleulo bazasac aRniSnuli yurZnis jiSebisagan damzadebuli Rvinomasalebi warmo-

adgenda. saWiroa TviTon mevenaxeTa daintereseba iSviaTi yurZnis jiSebis venaxebis

gasaSeneblad. amasTan, es dargi sul ufro metad kapitaltevadi xdeba, radgan iz-

rdeba soflis meurneobis teqnikuri SeiaraRebis done da miwis fasi. swored amitom

mevenaxeobis sanedleulo resursebTan erTad gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieni-

Wos sxva adgilobrivi resursebis maqsimalurad gamoyenebas, kerZod, Sinamrewvelobis

ganviTarebas da mis SeTanawyobas mevenaxeobasTan. dReisaTvis soflis meurneobaSi

aseTi resursebis gamoyenebis da mevenaxeobasTan misi SeTanawyobis done Zalze daba-

lia, ris gamoc zaraldebian rogorc fermerebi, aseve momxmareblebi. pirvelni karga-

ven damatebiT Semosavlebs, meoreni _ saxalxo moxmarebis saqonels.

saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos saeqsporto Rvinis pro-

duqciis warmoebas, radgan igi unda gaxdes sazRvargareTis qveynebidan, rac SeiZleba

meti kapitalis Semomtani. 1955 wlidan dRemde, saqarTvelo monawileobs msoflios

gamofenebze. am periodis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelos alkoholur sasmelebs miRebuli

aqvT 470-ze meti oqros, vercxlis, brinjaos medali; platinis da oqros varskvla-

vebi. aseve 1999 wlis zafxulSi londonSi, meRvineobis msoflio muzeumis prezen-

taciaze saqarTvelo erTxmad aRiares mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis samSoblod. es ki didi

miRwevaa, rac, Tavis mxriv, pasuximsgeblobas matebs Cvens qveyanaSi am dargis specia-

listebs Rvinis warmoebaSi da saerTaSoriso bazrebze gasvlis xaziTac.

aucilebelia uzrunvelvyoT saxelmwifos maregulirebeli rolis gaZliereba

regionSi. es ki SesaZlebelia indikatoruli dagegmvis kargi organizaciiT. indika-

turma dagegmvam soflis meurneobaSi, ZiriTadad, sami funqcia unda Seasrulos:

pirveli – ganviTarebis, proporciebis dacva da prognozireba;

meore – finansuri dagegmva, rogorc Semosavlianobisa da xarjebis dabalanse-

bis aucilebeli elementi;

mesame – saqonlis mwarmoeblebis informireba saqonlis gasaRebis bazrebis ra-

odenobasa da momxmarebelTa informireba saqonlis miwodebis Taobaze, e.i. SeZ-

los marketinguli marTvis organizacia. aq, upiratesad, dagegmvis sarekomenda-

42

cio xasiaTi igulisxmeba da igi unda igegmebodes makro da mikro, agreTve re-

gionebis doneebzec.

amasTanave, mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis qvekompleqsSi aucilebel RonisZiebebs warmo-

adgens: sakredito xazis amoqmedeba, adgilobrivi warmoebis materialuri resursebis

maqsimalurad gamoyeneba, sameurneo garigebebis samarTlebrivi mowesrigeba yurZnis

Sesyidvaze da produqciis realizaciaze, garemo pirobebis Seqmna investiciebis mo-

zidvaze, marketinguli samsaxuris prioritetuli ganviTareba da sxva.

xazgasasmelia, rom Rvinis mrewvelobasa da mevenaxeobaSi saWiroa saxelmwifos

mier proteqcionistuli politikis gatareba arakeTilsindisieri konkurentebisagan

adgilobriv mewarmeTa dacvis mizniT.

saqarTveloSi mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani Sema-

ferxebeli faqtoria araxelsayreli sagadasaxado garemos arseboba, rac xels uwy-

obs falsificirebuli produqtis damzadebas. ar arsebobs informaciuli bankebi ad-

gilobrivi bazrebis Sesaxeb, ris gamoc myidveli da gamyidveli moklebulia informa-

cias sabazro fasebisa da sxvaTa monacemebis Sesaxeb.

meRvineobis produqciis warmoebis zrdis uzrunvelsayofad, mizanSewonilia sa-

xelmwifo regulirebis Semdegi meqanizmis amoqmedeba: Seiqmnas meRvineobis seqtoris sainformacio centri, romelic uzrunvelyofs

sabazro informacias qarTuli Rvinoebis realizaciis Sesaxeb, ganaxorcieldes

Rvinis saerTaSoriso sabazro tendeciebis monitoringi, Catardes kanonmdeb-

lobisa da bazris kvlevebi;

SemuSavdes eqsportis xelSemwyobi politika, romelic aseve gulisxmobs mona-

wileobis miRebas Rvinis saerTaSoriso gamofenebze;

Camoyalibdes wesebi, romlebic Tavidan agvacileben usamarTlo konkurencias

falsificirebul RvinoebTan;

ganxorcieldes etiketis srulyofis programa, raTa qarTuli Rvinoebi dacu-

li iyos mosavlis jiSis, yurZnis wyaros da geografiuli mdebareobis miniS-

nebis TvalsazrisiT;

evrokavSiris wesebTan Sesabamisobis uzrunvelsayofad dawesdes evrokavSiris

da saqarTvelos yvela geografiuli miniSneba da tradiciuli sloganebi;

miwis, klimatisa da amindis pirobebis mixedviT sxva Tanabar pirobebSi gan-

sxvavebuli raodenobis Sroma ixarjeba da sameurneo Sedegebic sxvadasxvaa.

amitom grZelvadiani periodisaTvis prognozirebuli analizi bunebrivi faqto-

rebis gaTvaliswinebiT unda ganxorcieldes;

saeqsporto produqciis mwarmoeblebisaTvis gaizardos xarjebi marketingze

da a.S.;

agraruli sakredito sistemis Camoyalibebis paralelurad, aucilebelia Sesa-

bamisi sadazRvevo sistemis formireba. es saSualebas miscems, rogorc mewarme-

ebs, ise kreditorebs, miiRon ufro Tamami da riskiani gadawyvetilebebi.

garda zemoT xsenebulisa, mTavroba garantias unda aZlevdes mevenaxeebs, rom

maT mier warmoebul yurZens mTlianad an mis nawils mainc Seisyidis sabazro _ Se-

Tanxmebuli _ fasebiT, gamouyofs maT SeRavaTian kreditebs, aunazRaurebs stiqiuri

43

ubedurebiT gamowveul zarals, Seumcirebs sagadasaxado ganakveTebs, minimumade daiy-

vans riskis faqtors da sxva. aseve, saxelmwifom proteqcionistuli politika unda

gaataros da SezRudos Rvinis importi. xeli Seuwyos Rvinis eqsportiorebs Rvinisa

da Rvinomasalebidan damzadebuli sxva produqtebis sazRvargareTis qveynebis bazarze

gatanaSi, rac valutis Semotanis, qveynis ekonomikis gaZlierebisa da saxelmwifo bi-

ujetis Sevsebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaro gaxdeba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom 2014 wlidan amoqmedda agrodazRvevis proeqti, romelic sa-

pilote programaa da gulisxmobs mTavrobis mier subsidirebas (garkveuli pirobebis

gaTvaliswinebiT). proeqtis farglebSi 2014 wels gaica 21.194 polisi, dazRveulia

18.646 ha miwis nakveTi da 152,140,160 laris Rirebulebis mosavali. dazRveuli

kulturebis mosavlis Rirebulebis mixedviT pirvel adgilzea vazi. mosavlis Rire-

bulebaa 63,850,460.21, procentuli wilia 41.97% xolo dazRveuli farTobi _

5,769.93 ha, romlis procentuli wilia 30,94%.

cxrili 2. dazRveuli kulturebi mosavlis Rirebulebis mixedviT

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTareba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas saWiroebs jiSob-

rivi Semadgenlobis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT.

unda dainergos investirebis iseTi kultura, romelic mogvcems Sedegs mevena-

xeobaSi da glexebs gauCens ndobas saxelmwifo struqturebisadmi da stimuls nayo-

fieri Sromisadmi.

2015 wels Rvinis erovnuli saagento agrZelebs masStabur proeqts _ `saqar-

Tvelos venaxebis uwyebrivi kadastri~, romelic man 2014 wels daiwyo. proeqti

mTlianad saxelmwifo dafinansebiT sruldeba da mis farglebSi organizacia intensi-

urad TanamSromlobda saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministrosa da sajaro re-

estris erovnul saagentosTan.

saqarTvelos venaxebis uwyebriv kadastrSi aisaxeba sxva momijnave monacemTa ba-

zebi. upirvelesi amocanaa azomviT-gegmarebiTi samuSaoebis Catareba, Semdgom ki Se-

saZlebeli iqneba venaxebis inventarizacia, mflobelebis registracia da sxv.

44

2014 wels, venaxebis uwyebrivi kadastris proeqtis farglebSi SesaZlebeli

gaxda raWa-leCxumis regionSi gegmarebiTi samuSaoebis sapilote proeqtis ganxorci-

elebis dawyebac, romelic amJamadac mimdinareobs. sapilote proeqtis farglebSi

dadginda, rom raWa-leCxumis regionSi venaxebis sruli farTobi 572,3 ha-s Seadgens,

xolo nakveTebis raodenoba 5510-s aRwevs. venaxebis umetesoba ambrolauris raionSia

gaSenebuli da kerZo meurneebs ekuTvniT, iseve, rogorc leCxumSi, sadac venaxis

sruli farTobi 2871 nakveTis saxiT warmodgenil 233.0 ha-s moicavs.

2015 wels saagento gegmavs aRniSnuli sapilote proeqtis gamocdilebis gaTva-

liswinebiT analogiuri kvlevis ganxorcielebas kaxeTis regionSi, savaraudod, qin-

Zmaraulis mikrozonaSi. proeqti grZelvadiania da, savaraudod, 2019 wlisTvis das-

ruldeba. Rvinis erovnuli saagentos warmomadgenlebis survilia, rom saboloo

produqti _ saqarTvelos venaxebis kadastri, aramxolod saagentos Sida wvdomis-

Tvis, aramed sajaro moxmarebisTvisac iyos gankuTvnili.

saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro aqtiurad uWers mxars `qarTuli

agrosasursaTo produqciis, Rvinisa da samzareulos popularizaciis programas~.

mTlianobaSi, saqarTveloSi da kerZod, kaxeTis regionSi mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis

ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebis erToblivi Zalis-

xmeva warmatebebis misaRwevad.


1. http://www.nplg.gov.ge/2. http://www.vinoge.com/3. http://www.geostat.ge/4. http://www.moa.gov.ge/5. https://www.google.ge/

Irakli Akhaladze Mariam Lashkhi Gela Makharadze Giorgi Tsutskiridze

The Development Ways of Viticulture and Wine-Growing in Kakheti Region

Abstract

From the point of Agriculture certification, Georgia is one of the important region. It is well-known and accepted that Georgia is one of the homeland and the cradle of the vine. Here is pulled indigenous species of wine from the century-old history.

Kakheti is the most important agriculture region in Georgia. It is rich in agricultural land resources, especially arable land and pasture lands. By this category of land Kakheti is on the first place, which made it the first leading region of cattle-breeding and cereals.

It should be noted that the development of viticulture should contribute the realization of Georgian wine abroad but there are factors that prevent development of the wine industry. We tried to discuss and to solve these problems because Kakheti is unique and ancient region of viticulture in Georgia.

45

Tornike beriZe

Ggiorgi kalaijiSvili

julieta oqromWedliSvili

zaqaria wiTlauri

sairigacio da sasaTbure meurneobebis ganviTareba saqarTvelosa da israelSi

msoflios masStabiT dRiTidRe mniSvnelovnad viTardeba sasaTbure meurneobebi

da sarwyavi sistemebi. saqarTvelo, rogorc ganviTarebadi qveyana, etapobrivad ner-

gavs Tanamedrove teqnologiebs sasaTbure da sarwyav meurneobebSi. mniSvnelovan war-

matebas miaRwia am sferoSi israelma, romelmac Seqmna Tanamedrove, efeqturi, renta-

beluri da maRalmwarmoebluri teqnologiebi.

soflis meurneobis seqtoris ganviTareba saqarTvelos ekonomikis erT-erT ga-

mowvevad rCeba. dargs, romelSic oficialuri statistikis mixedviT saqarTvelos

mosaxleobis 50 % aris dasaqmebuli, mTlian Sida produqtSi (mSp) mxolod 9-10%

wili Seaqvs, xolo soflis meurneobis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoTa wili mTlian mSp-

Si daaxloebiT 4% Seadgens.

saqarTvelos ekonomika 20 welze metia transformaciis periodSi imyofeba. sa-

qarTvelosTvis yovelTvis, maT Soris, sabWoTa periodSi mniSvnelovan rols Tama-

Sobda agraruli seqtori. 1990 wlisTvis qarTuli ekonomikis mesameds swored ag-

raruli seqtori Seadgenda. amasTan, agraruli seqtori saqarTvelosTvis mxolod

ekonomikuri faqtoris rols ar TamaSobs – is uSualod ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi

arsebul 3500ze met sofels.

dRes saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba axali gamowvevebis winaSe dgas. Cndeba

kiTxva imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra axali roli unda Seasrulis soflis meurneobam qveynis

ekonomikaSi garda im tradiciuli Sinaarsisa, rac, Cveulebriv, mosaxleobis gamokve-

bas emsaxureboda. sakiTxi exeba imas, Tu ra potenciali gaaCnia aRniSnul sferos,

unda mieqces Tu ara mas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba adgilobrivi moTxovnilebebis

dasakmayofileblad.

dRevandeli globaluri savaWro urTierTobebi iZleva imis SesaZleblobas, rom

adgilobrivi warmoeba Canacvlebuli iqnes iafi importirebuli produqciiT. sasof-

lo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis farTobi saqarTveloSi, daaxloebiT 3 milion heq-

tars Seadgens. saSualo sasoflo-sameurneo miwis nakveTis farTobi ki daaxloebiT

1,22 heqtaria. zemoaRniSnulidan saqarTveloSi TiTqmis yvela saxis sasoflo-sameur-

neo produqciis warmoebis, maT Soris, farTo asortimentis marcvlovanTa, bostneu-

lisa da xilis kultivirebis karg SesaZleblobebs iZleva.

axla ki uSualod gadavideT agrarul seqtorze da vnaxoT, Tu ramdenad mniS-

vnelovania igi iseTi ekonomikisTvis, rogoric saqarTvelos gaaCnia. agraruli seq-

tori ekonomikis gansakuTrebuli dargia, romlis ganviTarebac garkveul geografi-

ul-klimatur pirobebzea damokidebuli. ganviTarebadi qveynebis agraruli seqtoris

ganviTareba siRaribis daZlevis da ekonomikis zrdis erT-erTi gzaa da mas ufro da

46

ufro didi yuradReba unda mieqces saqarTveloSi, vidre amas akeTeben sxva msxvili

industriuli qveynebi.

bolo periodSi subieqturi Tu obieqturi mizezebis gamo (araxelsayreli kli-

maturi pirobebi, garemos dabinZureba, stiqiuri ubedurebebi da sxv.), ucxouri qvey-

nebis agraruli seqtorebi, jamSi, Semcirebuli warmoebiT xasiaTdebian, ramac gamo-

iwvia msoflio masStabiT fasebis zrda soflis meurneobis produqciaze.

ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris soflis meurneobis sferoSi erT-erT mowinaved

iTvleba israeli, romelic cdilobs agraruli seqtoris dafinansebis gazrdiT, mi-

aRwios warmoebis maRalefeqtianobas.

aucilebelia saqarTveloSi gaizardos investiciebi am sferoSi, raTa aRmoif-

xvras soflis meurneobis produqtebis mwvave deficiti da importirebuli produq-

cia Canacvldes adgilobrivi warmoebiT. Tu msoflioSi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi

SeiniSneba agrarul seqtorSi warmoebis Semcireba, CvenTan es didi xania mimdinare-

obs da moicavs gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebs da dRemde grZeldeba.

saqarTveloSi soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis zogadi aRweris Semdeg gvsurs

ganvixiloT am sferoSi sairigacio da sasaTbure meurneobebis mniSvnelobisa da Se-

saZleblobebis sakiTxebi.

wveTovani morwyvis sistemebi _ Tanamedrove sairigacio teqnologiebis

qvakuTxedi

msoflio praqtikidan gamomdinare, didi xania damtkicebulia da gamocdilia

sarwyavi sistemebis sferoSi wveTovani sistemebis efeqturoba. wveTovani morwyva

yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa mcenaris mosavlianobisa da xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad.

garda wylis ekonomiisa, mcire dozebiT rwyva gamoricxavs mcenaris stress, romel-

sac iwvevs Warbi wylis miwodeba.

wveTovani morwyvis sistemebis ganviTareba da daxvewa dRemde mTavar priori-

tets warmoadgens israelis saxelmwifosaTvis. didi xania, rac israelma agrarul

sferoSi danerga wveTovani sistemebi, ris meSveobiTac mosavlianoba 45-60 %-iT iz-

rdeba.

wveTovani sistemiT rwyva saSualebas iZleva, mcenares miewodos zustad imdeni

wyali, ramdenic misi ganviTarebisTvisaa saWiro.amasTanave igi moiTxovs yvelaze da-

bal wnevas 0,6-1 baramde, rac sxva sarwyav sistemebTan SedarebiT sakmaod amcirebs

tumbvis saWiro finansur da energetikul danaxarjebs.

wveTovani sistemebis saSualebiT SesaZlebelia vkveboT mcenare zomierad, saWi-

ro elementebis pirdapiri miwodebiT, rac yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa mcenaris

swori, optimaluri ganviTarebisaTvis. amasTanave, Tavidan avicilebT sasuqis kargvas

da garemos dabinZurebas Warbi pesticidebis gavrcelebiT. wveTovani morwyva sxva

sistemebTan SedarebiT, exmareba fermers xarjebis optimalur marTvaSi da mcenari-

saTvis zomieri da saWiro elementebis miwodebaSi. am sistemiT warmoebuli produq-

ciis kontroli da xarisxTan SesabamisobaSi yofna gacilebiT advili samarTavia,

CvenSi arsebuli tradiciuli midgomisagan gansxvavebiT.

47

garda zemoaRniSnuli upiratesobebisa, wveTovani morwyvaFfaqtobrivad minimu-

mamde amcirebs sokovani daavadebebis gavrcelebis albaTobas, radgan is mxolod nia-

dags awvdis saWiro tens, xolo TviTon mcenare mSrali rCeba, rac mniSvnelovania

mcenaris janmrTeli ganviTarebisaTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, fermerebi am sistemebis

gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovnad Seamcireben mosalodneli garTulebebis aRmof-

xvrisaTvis saWiro danaxarjebis albaTobas, rac maT miscems saxsrebis dazogvisa da

sxva mimarTulebiT gamoyenebis SesaZleblobas.

wveTovani morwyva mTeli Tavisi dadebiTi mxareebiT saukeTeso saSualebaa

profesionali fermerebisaTvis mosavlis mniSvnelovnad gasazrdelad da riskebis Se-

samcireblad. mis uaryofiT mxared SeiZleba CaiTvalos is diskomforti, rac sezo-

nis dasawyisSi sarwyavi mowyobilobis gaSlas da sezonis dasasruls mis akecvas

ukavSirdeba. aseve, uaryofiTi mxarea Txelkedliani, erTsezoniani milebis gamoyenebis

SemTxvevaSi maTi perioduli ganaxleba.Mmagram praqtikidan Cans, rom fermerebi aseT

milebs erTidan sami sezonis ganmavlobaSi iyeneben, xolo dazianebis SemTxvevaSi spe-

cialuri gadasabmelebiT SesaZlebelia maTi SekeTeba. msgavsi teqnologiebis gamoyene-

baSi israelis gamocdileba adasturebs, rom mcenarisaTvis saWiro yvela sasargeblo

TvisebebTan, fainansebze, energiaze, sasuqebze, qimikatebze gakeTebul danazogebTan da

miRebul uxv mosavalTan SedarebiT, aRniSnul uaryofiT mxareebs aRarc aqvs mniSvne-

loba.

wveTovani morwyvis upiratesobebi aseTia:

zogavs wyals;

icavs miwas amlaSebisgan;

SesaZlebels xdis mcenarisTvis imdeni wylis miwodebas, ramdenic mas sWirde-

ba;

ramdenadac wylis wyaro mcenaresTan axloa, energia ixarjeba Rerosa da pro-

duqtze da ara fesvis ganviTarebaze;

xels uSlis balaxis gazrdas, romelic warmoiqmneba mcenarisgan moSorebuli

miwis morwyvisas;

muSaoba ufro efeqturia, radgan niadagi ar talaxdeba;

mcenares wyalSi gaxsnili sasuqi advilad da efeqturad miewodeba;

morwyviT gamowveuli dazianebebi Semcirebulia;

martivia misi damontaJeba, aReba da Senaxva;

dabinZurebis SesaZlebloba minimumamdea dayvanili;

energoefeqturia dabal wnevaze misi muSaobis gamo.

garda wveTovani sistemebisa, aucilebelia ganviTardes sairigacio sistemebi

radgan mniSvnelovania gasarwyavianobis gazrda saqarTvelos agroseqtorisaTvis. unda

aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro aqtiurad atarebs Ro-

nisZiebebs sairigacio sistemebis gaumjobesebisaTvis.

naxaz 1-ze warmodgenilia saxelmwifos mier gamoyofili Tanxebi sairigacio

sistemebis ganviTarebisaTvis saqarTveloSi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi.

48

nax. 1. saxelmwifo dafinanseba sairigacio sistemebis gansaviTareblad saqarTveloSi

sairigacio momsaxurebis miwodeba mraval faqtorzea damokidebuli, maT Soris:

rwyvis sezonze wylis resursis xelmisawvdomobaze, sarwyavi sistemis tipze, mis

fizikur kondinciaze da sistemis marTvis modelze. Tanamedrove sairigacio momsaxu-

rebis ganviTarebas axasiaTebs misi fermerze orientirebul momsaxurebad Camoyalibe-

ba.

msoflioSi mravali saxis sairigacio sistema da misi administrirebis modeli

arsebobs, Tumca SeiZleba maTi ganzogadeba, ZiriTadi Ffizikuri mmarTvelobiTi Tvi-

sebebis mixedviT. saxeebis mixedviT irigaciis dayofa SeiZleba TviTdinebiT (gravita-

ciul) da wneviT sistemebad. saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia TviTdinebiT

morwyva, Tumca zogierT regionSi SemorCenilia meqanikuri satumbi sadgurebic. amis

gaTvaliswinebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom kidev bevri samuSaoa Casatarebeli axali sai-

rigacio sistemebis asaTviseblad, raTa saqarTvelo gaxdes konkurentunariani da

efeqturad marTvadi Tavisi agroseqtoriT.

~wveTovani da mikro sarwyavi-sistemebi mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis~ es aris isra-

elSi dafuZnebuli saerTaSoriso sairigacio kompaniis NETAFIM misia. is daarsda

1965 wels kibucebis mier israelSi. dResdReobiT netafimi axorcielebs Tavis saq-

mianobas 100-ze met qveyanaSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic. netafimi sTavazobs momxma-

reblebs wveTovani sistemebis mraval saxes agraruli sferoebis mixedviT. am drois

ganmavlobaSi netafimma mniSvnelovani gamocdileba moipova da dResdReobiT is iT-

vleba erT-erT wamyvan kompaniad msgavs sferoebSi.

NETAFIM axorcielebs aseve sasaTbure meurneobebis dagegmvasa da maTi struq-

turis Sesabamisobas individualurad sxvadasxva produqtebze.am kompaniis produqte-

bi gvxvdeba yvela klimatur zonaSi cxeli, civi, zomieri da tropikuli sartyele-

bis Sesabamisad. netafimis eqspertebi farTo speqtris analizs akeTeben Sesabamis

klimaturi zonebSi teqnologiebis adaptirebisTvisa da ganviTarebisaTvis.

kompaniis momsaxureba da gadawyvetilebebi moicavs informaciis Segrovebas, sap-

roeqto da samontaJo saqmianobas. `netafimi~ saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia sruli

speqtriT da axorcielebs mraval saerTaSoriso proeqtebs. dResdReobiT netafims

ukve ganxorcielebuli aqvs ramdenime msxvili investicia saqarTveloSi da maTi

mxrdaWeriT ukve eqspluataciaSi Sevida Tanamedrove tipis saTburebi.

49

israeli dResdReobiT awarmoebs da aproeqtebs mravalferovan saTbureebs da

sairigacio sistemebs. maTi gamocdileba msoflios mraval qveyanaSia aRiarebuli.

100-ze met qveyanaSi iyideba israelSi daproeqtebuli sasaTbure meurneobebis proeq-

tebi. axlo aRmosavleT aziaSi da centralur aziaSi israeli lideria agrokultu-

ruli, teqnikuri da sainJinro mimarTulebebiT. `netafimi~ gamocdili da kvalifici-

uri kadrebiT awarmoebs mindvrisa da xexilis baRebisaTvis saWiro Sesaferis sar-

wyav sistemebs, maTi mimarTulebebia: simindi, bamba, xaxvi kartofili, Saqris lerwa-

mi, Cai, pomidori da sxva mravali.

xexilis baRebis ganviTarebisaTvis kompania mudmivad aaxlebs materialur-teqni-

kur bazebsa da samecniero miRwevebs, rac gamoixateba SemdegSi: zeTis xilis planta-

ciebis ganviTareba, zeTis palmebi, nuSi, gargari, finiki, vaSli, atami da yurZeni. Ca-

moTvlil saxeobebTan erTad, israeli mraval sxva dargobriv seqtorSi aris warma-

tebuli, rac gamoixateba axali jiSebis gamoyvaniT, arsebulis SenarCunebiTa da maT

efeqtur ganviTarebaze muSaobiT.

israeli sasaTbure meurneobebis gansaviTarebalad muSaobs sami mimarTulebiT.

esenia: sasaTbure struqturebi, sasaTbure proeqtebi da sasaTbure teqnologiebi.

sasaTbure struqturebi. es midgoma moicavs axali struqturebis Seqmnas, adgi-

lobriv garemoze morgebas da adaptirebas. TiToeuli garemo unikaluria Tavisi teq-

nikuri sistemebiTa da SesaZleblobebiT, amitomac aucilebeli xdeba Sesabamisi efeq-

turi da maRalmwarmoebluri struqturebis Seqmna. amis magaliTia axali standarte-

biT geoTermuli wylebis gamoyeneba sasaTbure meurneobebisaTvis.

sasaTbure proeqtebi. saTburis efeqturad muSaobisaTvis aucilebelia indivi-

dualuri midgomebi, rac gulisxmobs adgilobriv garemosTan adaptirebas da misi

Zlieri da susti mxareebis Sefasebas. individualuri dagegmva xels uwyobs warmate-

buli samuSaoebis garantirebul Sesrulebas. aseve mniSvnelovania damxmare proeqte-

bis arsebobac, rac adaprirebuli iqneba sasaTbure meurneobebis Sesabamisad.

sasaTbure teqnologiebia:

saTburis gaTbobis sistemebi;

sasaTbure sarwyavi sistemebi;

sasaTbure sasuqis dozirebis sistemebi;

sasaTbure proeqti, dizaini, integracia da montaJi;

sasaTbure saniaRvre wylis gadamuSaveba;

sasaTbure aqsesuarebi.

saTburebi saqarTveloSi

dRevandel sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebas adgilobrivi moTxovnis dakmayofileba

SeuZlia weliwadis im dros, rodesac uSualod bunebrivi pirobebiT xdeba produq-

ciis moyvana. wlis ganmavlobaSi es Seadgens 2-4 Tves (ivnisi, ivlisi agvisto, seq-

temberi). danarCeni drois ganmavlobaSi moxmarebuli sasoflo sameurneo produqciis

95% aris importirebuli, rac adgilobriv warmoebaze 3,5-jer metia. aqedan gamomdi-

nare, Cven migvaCnia, rom saqarTveloSi unda xdebodes wlis yvela periodSi sasof-

50

lo sameurneo produqciis uwyveti warmoeba, rogorc es SeZles Cvenma mezobelma

qveynebma TurqeTma da azerbaijanma, agreTve israelma. Cveni xedviT, aRniSnulis miR-

weva SesaZlebelia saqarTveloSi sarwyavi da sasaTbure meurneobebis ganviTarebiT.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi sasaTbure meurneobebi da wveTovani sarwyavi sisteme-

bi sustad aris ganviTarebuli. amis mizezia gamocdilebisa da finansebis simwire.

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom 2009 wlidan am mimarTulebiT garkveuli Zvrebi SeiniS-

neba. kerZod, saxelmwifom sakuTari saxsrebiT daafinansa ori didi sasaTbure kom-

pleqsi gorsa da TbilisSi (foniWalaSi), risTvisac jamSi 9 milioni lari daixar-

ja. dasawyisSi sakmaod efeqturad xdeboda maTi funqcionireba da maRali produqti-

ulobac iqna miRweuli, sabolood saxelmwifom maTi privatizacia ganaxorciela

(Tumca, arc ise warmatebulad). amave periodSi ramdenime regionSi (qvemo qarTli,

kaxeTi, samegrelo, mcxeTa-mTianeTi) mosaxleobis nawilma sakuTari SesaZleblobis

farglebSi Seqmna ojaxuri saTburebi, sadac, ZiriTadad, kitrs, pomidorsa da mwva-

nils awarmoebdnen. Tumca imis gamo, rom xarji mudmivad izrdeboda, sabolood wam-

gebiani aRmoCnda da umravlesobaSi Sewyda saqmianoba. mizezi ki Tanamedrove teqno-

logiebTan miuwvdomloba da gazrdili TviTRirebuleba iyo.

2012 wlidan, mas Semdeg, rac qveynis prioritetad gamocxadda soflis meurne-

obis ganviTareba, miRweulia mniSvnelovani Sedegebi am mimarTulebiT. 2012 wlidan

2014 wlamde ramdenime aTeuli milioni laris investicia ganxorcielda sasaTbure

meurneobebis asaSeneblad, qvemo qarTlSi, samegreloSi, aWarasa da kaxeTSi. aRsaniSna-

via, rom investiciebis 50% ucxoelebma daabandes, xolo meore naxevari _ saxelmwi-

fom Tanainvestirebis fondidan.

bazarze gaaqtiurdnen saTburis mSenebeli kompaniebi `egzotika~, „oazisi“,

NETAFIM, RICHEL GROUP, romlebic maRalteqnologiur momsaxurebas sTavazoben

momxmarebels, sadac integrirebulia wveTovani sarwyavi sistemebi. kompaniebi ZiriTa-

dad iyeneben ebraul da Cinur teqnologiebs.

migvaCnia, rom Tu swori mimarTulebiT ganviTardeba sasaTbure meurneobebi, uax-

loes 10 weliwadSi adgilobrivi bazris 70% mudmivad dakmayofildeba. amisaTvis ki

saWiroa xelSewyobis gaZliereba sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis

mxridan, raTa moxdes investorebis mozidva da kapitalis dabandeba.

Ggamoyenebuli literatura:

1. soflis meurneobis saministros dakveTiT saxelmwifo auditis samsaxuris mier

momzadebuli `sairigacio sistemebis marTvis RonisZiebebis auditi~, 2014.

2. IDFI –ISNTITUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION. `sasaTburemeurneobebi saqarTveloSi da maTi efeqtianoba~, 2014.

3. UNDP - gaeros ganviTarebis programa `saqarTvelos agroseqtorSi energodamzogi da

ekologiurad sufTa mowinave teqnologiebis implementaciis da diversifikaciis

SesaZleblobebi~, 2013.4. http://qartuli.ge/?menuid=98&id=68&lang=15. http://bfm.ge/index.php?newsid=2732#.VWnTcM-qqkp6. https://idfi.ge/public/upload/pdf/SOEs_Agricultural-Sector.pdf

51

7. http://irrigation.ge 8. http://www.netafim.com/Greenhouse_Structures 9. http://netafim.ge/index.php?page=offering_2 10. http://www.israel21c.org/technology/the-top-12-ways-israel-feeds-the-world/

Tornike Beridze Giorgi Kalaijishvili

Julietta Oqromchedlishvili Zakaria Tsitlauri

Development of Irrigation and Greenhouse Farms in Georgia and Israel

Abstract

The paper deals with Georgia in irrigation and greenhouse farming development. It is clear that modern technology which is used successfully around the world, highly effective.

Because 40% of modern irrigation systems efficiency than traditional irrigation systems. Drip systems are guarantee for the success of stable and high-quality product in the modern world.

Drip systems are effective for greenhouse farming, which allows us to cost-minimizing higher outcome. Our proposal for farmers to show them the advantages of the new irrigation systems. It is clear that the costs of the first stage is not so little, but their efficiency several times greater than the costs.

Israel as a modern systems manufacturer country offers its customers a highly effective greenhouse and irrigation systems, that is already accessible in Georgia. It should be noted that NETAFIM has 40 years of experience and their own representation in 100 countries, including Georgia. They offer users a modern style greenhouses, with individual design and structure, which is more in line with the local environment.

Modern technologies are high-efficiency and high-quality treatment for the production of European and international standards products.

52

guram bolqvaZe

Sorena gogiZe

sandro sanikiZe

levan SuRliaSvili

agraruli urTierTobani da maTi ganviTarebis safexurebi

agraruli urTierTobebi xangrZlivi drois manZilze yalibdeboda da uxsovari

droidan dRemde bevri cvlileba ganicada; SevecdebiT avxsnaT, Tu ra aris agraruli

urTierTobebi; vaCvenoT, Tu rogori datvirTva hqonda miwas da, drois svlasTan er-

Tad, rogor viTardeboda Tavad miwaTmoqmedeba. saqarTvelosTvis ki, rogorc miwaT-

moqmedebis qveynisTvis, am sakiTxebis gacnoba da Seswavla erTob mniSvnelovania. qvey-

nis saxeli `georgiac~ xom swored miwaTmoqmedebas niSnavs.

agrarul urTierTobebze did gavlenas axdenda sxvadasxva sazogadoebrivi wyo-

ba, gansakuTrebiT monaTmflobeloba da feodalizmi, roca gansxvavebuli iyo sakuT-

rebis floba da glexis ufleba _ survilisamebr ganekarga sakuTari qoneba. mniSvne-

lovani etapi iyo sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvla, romelmac agraruli urTierTobis

axali formebi warmoSva.

Tanamedrove agrarul urTierTobaTa erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSani ki aris ferme-

ruli meurneobebi, romlebic, warmoebis organizaciis formis mixedviT, iyofian sao-

jaxo fermebad, erTobliv fermebad da sasoflo sameurneo kooperativebad.

sabolood, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom agraruli urTierTobebi saqarTveloSi ufro

da ufro viTardeba da ekonomikaze ufro da ufro meti dadebiTi Sedegis momtani

xdeba.

warmodgenil TemaSi ganxiluli iqneba iseTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebi rogo-

ricaa:

agrarul urTierTobaTa arsi da misi damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi;

agrarul urTierTobaTa ganviTarebis safexurebi dasabamidan dRemde;

miwaTmoqmedeba, rogorc soflis meurneobis wamyvani dargi;

saqarTvelo _ uZvelesi miwaTmoqmedebis qveyana;

miwa, rogorc warmoebis erT-erTi unikaluri faqtori;

agraruli urTierTobani da sarento urTierTobani;

Tanamedrove urTierTobani.

uwinares yovlisa visaubroT, imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris agraruli urTierTobani

da riT ganisazRvreba misi xasiaTi.

agraruli urTierToba _ esaa warmoebiTi urTierTobani soflis meurneobaSi,

romelTa xasiaTs gansazRvravs miwaTmflobelobisa da miwaTsargeblobis wesi. sxva

sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, agraruli urTierToba soflis meurneobis warmoebis, ganawi-

lebisa da gacvlis procesTan dakavSirebuli, adamianTa Soris Camoyalibebuli war-

moebiTi urTierTobaa, romelic moicavs:

1. soflis meurneobis ZiriTad saSualebaze – miwaze sakuTrebis formebs;

53

2. miwaTsargeblobis saxeebs;

3. gansazRvrul bunebriv-ekonomikur pirobebSi sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebiT mi-

Rebuli diferenciuli Semosavlis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebul urTierTobebs;

4. meurneobis sxvadasxva formebs Soris mravalmxriv ekonomikur kavSirebs.

soflis meurneobaSi arsebuli warmoebiTi urTierTobani (agraruli urTierTo-

bani), sxva dargebisagan gansxvavebiT, specifikuria. igi ganpirobebulia warmoebis

procesebze bunebrivi faqtorebis (gvalva, setyva da sxva) Zlieri zemoqmedebiT.

soflis meurneoba ara marto specifikuri, aramed materialuri warmoebis um-

niSvnelovanesi dargia. misi ganviTarebis safexurebis SecvlasTan erTad icvleobda

da viTardeboda agraruli urTierTobanic. agrarul urTierTobaTa ganviTarebis pir-

veli safexuri saTaves iRebs pirvelyofil TemSi, roca adamianma daiwyo miwis damu-

Saveba xisa da qvis primitiuli iaraRebis gamoyenebiT. amis Semdeg moxda Sromis pir-

veli sazogadoebrivi danawileba, roca miwaTmoqmedebas calke dargad gamoeyo mesa-

qonleoba, daiwyo cxovelTa moSinaureba da gamwev Zalad maTi gamoyeneba. am dros

adamianTa Soris arsebuli agraruli urTierToba emyareboda warmoebis saSualebebze

saerTo sakuTrebas da warmoebuli (mopovebuli) produqciis Tanabar ganawilebas.

soflis meurneoba sazogadoebrivi warmoebis gadamwyvet sferod rCeba monaT-

mflobelobis epoqaSi. kerZo sakuTrebis gaCenasTan dakavSirebiT Seicvala agraruli

urTierTobani da daiwyo misi ganviTarebis axali etapi. am dros monaTmflobeli

flobs srul sakuTrebas, rogorc warmoebis saSualebebsa da warmoebul produqciaze,

aseve monaze. mkvidrdeba axali agraruli urTierTobebi da viTardeba soflis meurne-

obis axali dargebi, iqmneba didi mamulebi (latifundiebi), sadac monebs amuSavebdnen

da araviTar gasamrjelos ar uxdidnen, Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT sakvebs, romel-

sac mas imis gamo aZlevdnen, rom earseba da SeZleboda latifundiebSi muSaoba.

agrarul urTierTobaTa ganviTarebis Semdgomi safexuri ukavSirdeba feoda-

lizms, am dros warmoebiT urTierTobaTa safuZveli xdeba feodalis sruli sakuT-

reba miwaze da arasruli sakuTreba yma-glexze. agraruli urTierTobebi feodalebsa

da yma-glexebs Soris sarento urTierTobaTa sxvadasxva formiT gamoixateboda

(Sroma-migebiTi renta anu sabatono begara, renta produqtebiT, anu Rala da fula-

di renta).

fulad rentaze gadasvlam daaCqara feodaluri soflis diferenciaciis proce-

si da xeli Seuwyo kapitalisturi msxvili miwaTsakuTreobis ganviTarebas. kapita-

lizmze gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT Seicvala agraruli urTierTobac. Tu feodaliz-

mis dros igi gamoxatavda urTierTobebs yma-glexebsa da feodalebs Soris, kapita-

lizmis dros es urTierToba gamoixateba urTierTobebiT sam klass Soris (miwis me-

sakuTreebi, moijareebi da daqiravebuli muSebi).

sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlasTan erTad, rig qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTvelo-

Si, daiwyo agrarul urTierTobaTa ganviTarebis axali procesi, kerZo sakuTrebaze

gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT da arsebuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT igi warimarTa

met-naklebad normalurad.

soflis meurneobis erT-erTi wamyvani dargi aris miwaTmoqmedeba, romelic iT-

valiswinebs sasursaTo, teqnikuri, sakvebi da sxva mcenareebis moyvana-moSenebas. mi-

54

waTmoqmedebis amocanaa, daakmayofilos adamianis moTxovnileba sursaT-sanovagesa da

nedleulze, uzrunvelyos mecxoveleoba mcenareuli sakvebiT.

miwaTmoqmedeba dasabams iRebs mezoliTis, anu saSualo qvis xanidan, rodesac

adamianma pirvelad daiwyo niadagis damuSaveba da mcenaris Tesva-moyvana. Tavdapirve-

lad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, miwaTmoqmedebas primitiuli xasiaTi hqonda, ramdena-

dac miwis damuSaveba primitiuli iaraRiT xdeboda da Sromis nayofierebac gacile-

biT dabali iyo. igi uzrunvelyofda mxolod adamianis arsebobisaTvis aucilebeli

raodenobis produqtebis warmoebas. droTa ganmavlobaSi primitiuli iaraRebi Secva-

la ufro ganviTarebulma iaraRebma, ramac sagrZnoblad aamaRla Sromis nayofiereba

da gazarda miwaTmoqmedebis produqciis moculoba.1

soflis meurneobaSi warmoebis erT-erTi unikaluri faqtori, Sromis procesis

aucilebeli materialuri wanamZRvari, warmoebis mTavari saSualeba, aris miwa.

miwis, rogorc saSualebis ZiriTadi Tvisebaa misi nayofiereba, romelic, ekono-

mikuri TvalsazrisiT, niSnavs adamianisaTvis aucilebeli mcenareuli produqtebis

kvlavwarmoebis unars da mecxoveleobis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmnas.

miwis nayofiereba damokidebulia masSi arsebul sakveb nivTierebaTa raodenobaze, nia-

dagis struqturasa da sxva biologiur da klimatur faqtorebze. miwis ekonomikuri

nayofierebis maCvenebelia sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosavlianoba da mecxove-

leobis produqtebis zrda, misi xarisxis amaRleba.

miwis, rogorc warmoebis umniSvnelovanesi faqtoris, unikaluroba misi uZrao-

biT gamoixateba. miwa rom uZravi ar iyos, miwis mflobelebi mas saukeTeso adgilas

ganalagebdnen da met Semosavalsac miiRebdnen. saqme isaa, rom miwebi erTmaneTisgan

gansxvavdeba nayofierebiT da mdebareobiT (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs misi daSoreba gasaRe-

bis bazrebidan); rac ufro nayofieria miwa da rac ufro axlosaa ganlagebuli gasa-

Rebis bazarTan, miT naklebia danaxarjebi rogorc produqciis erTeulis warmoebaze,

ise mis transportirebaze. es ki zrdis miwaTmflobelis Semosavals.

rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelo miwaTmoqmedebis erT-erTi uZvelesi qveyanaa da

misi ZvelberZnuli saxelwodeba „georgia“ swored miwis damuSavebas, miwaTmoqmedebas

ukavSirdeba. saqarTveloSi bunebrivi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, miwaTmoqmedeba Tavi-

danve mravaldargovani gaxda. mindvris kulturebidan, adreuli periodidan, iTesebo-

da xorblisa da qeris saSemodgomo da sagazafxulo jiSebi. agreTve Wvavi, fetvi,

Romi, brinji da sxva. samarcvle kulturebidan (parkosnebidan) – muxudo, cercvi,

Romi da sxva. teqnikuri kulturebidan _ kanafi, seli. me-17 saukunidan farTod gav-

rcelda simindis Tesva da moyvana. saqarTvelo vazisa da xexilis sxvadasxva jiSis

erT-erTi mTavari keraa.

agrarul urTierTobaTa ganviTareba mWidro kavSirSia sarento urTierTobebTan.

es ukanaskneli gansazRvruli ekonomikuri urTierTobaa miwis mesakuTreebsa da moi-

jareebs Soris. misi ZiriTadi gamomxatveli kategoriaa sarento Semosavali. sarento

Semosavali soflis meurneobaSi ewodeba Semosavals, romelic regularulad moaqvs

miwas, soflis meurneobaSi Seqmnili wminda Semosavlis (zedmeti produqtis fuladi

1 sanikiZe g. ekonomikuri Teoria. 2009.

55

gamoxatuleba) nawili, romelsac moijare aZlevs miwis mesakuTres aris renta. ase

rom, soflis meurneobaSi Seqmnili wminda Semosavali (sxvaoba saerTo Semosavalsa

da gaweul xarjebs Soris) nawildeba moijaresa da miwis mesakuTres Soris.

mZlavrma mecnierul-teqnikurma progresma da soflis meurneobaSi misi gamoyene-

bis masStabebis zrdam arsebiTi cvlilebebi Seitanes agrarul urTierTobaTa ganvi-

TarebaSi Tanamedrove etapze. es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia industriulad maRalganvi-

Tarebul qveynebSi, sadac kvlavac grZeldeba soflis meurneobis intensiuri ganviTa-

rebis procesi. myardeba sruliad axali urTierTobebi miwis mesakuTreebs, mewarmeeb-

sa da daqiravebul muSebs Soris.

Tanamedrove agraruli urTierTobebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli umTavresi niSani

isaa, rom saxalxo meurneobis erT-erT mniSvnelovani mravaldargovani qvesistema (me-

zoekonomika) agrosamrewvelo kompleqsia. igi moicavs sxvadasxva sferos da aerTia-

nebs sasoflo sameurneo warmoebasTan dakavSirebul dargebs (warmoebis saSualebebis

warmoeba soflis meurneobisaTvis, soflis meurneobis produqciis gadamuSaveba da

realizacia).

erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSania fermeruli meurneobebic, romlebic, warmoebis orga-

nizaciis formis mixedviT, iyofa saojaxo fermebad, erTobliv fermebad da sasoflo

sameurneo kooperativebad.

Tanamedrove agararuli urTierTobebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kidev erT-erTi ni-

Sania sasoflo-sameurneo da samrewvelo warmoebis sinTezi agrobiznesis saxiT. igi

aerTianebs fermerul meurneobebSi sasoflo sameurneo nedleulisa da moxmarebis

sagnebis warmoebis, Senaxvis, gadamuSavebisa da realizaciis yvela operacias.

agrarul urTierTobaTa ganviTareba sruliad gansxvavebulad warimarTa yofil

socialistur qveynebSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSi. marTvis administraciulma, mbrZa-

neblurma, sistemam igi bunebrivi kalapotidan amoagdo da permanentuli ekonomikuri

krizisaTvis gawira. koleqtivizaciam, mTlianad „soflis meurneobis socialisturma

gardaqmnam“, gamoiwvia agraruli sferos krizisi da sursaTis qronikulad naklebi

warmoeba. soflis meurneoba mTeli sabWouri periodis manZilze calmxrivad, mono-

kulturis safuZvelze viTardeboda, ramac uaryofiTi kvali daaCnia soflis meurne-

obas mTlianad. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebeli gaxda radikaluri reformebis

ganxorcieleba, romelic daiwyo mbrZaneblur administraciuli sistemis daSlisa da

sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlis Semdeg. gatarebulma RonisZiebebma mniSvnelovnad aa-

maRla fermeruli meurneobebisa da, saerTod, soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebulTa da-

intereseba agraruli seqtoris ganviTarebiT.1

saqarTvelos evropuli momavlisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania asocirebis

SeTanxmebis danergva-realizeba, evrokavSiris pozicia da wvlili saqarTvelos sof-

lis meurneobis ganviTarebaSi. asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis mTava-

ria nabij-nabij svla progresisaken. saboloo Sedegi ki iqneba qveyana, romelSic

cxovrebis done gaumjobesdeba.

asocirebis SeTanxmebaSi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs im reformebs, romle-

bic unda ganxorcieldes soflis meurneobaSi da am procesSi aqtiuri roli adgi-

1 qarTuli enciklopedia. tomi I. 1975.

56

lobrivma biznesma da bazarma unda Seasrulos. mTavaria, Tu rogor moergeba qarTu-

li bazari evropul standartebs. warmatebisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba

imas, Tu ramdenad konkurentunariani iqneba qarTuli produqti evropul bazarze. sa-

gulisxmoa, rom soflis meurneobis produqciis eqsporti izrdeba da kidev ufro

gaizrdeba igi momavalSi. jerjerobiT zrda Rvinisa da Txilis eqsportze aisaxa,

magram droTa ganmavlobaSi evropul bazarze adgils daimkvidrebs qarTuli mwvani-

li, bostneuli da xili, agreTve qarTuli Tafli da yveli. amisaTvis ki aucilebe-

lia soflis meurneobis Semdgomi ganviTareba, es ukanaskneli ki niSnavs soflis gaZ-

lierebas, mosaxleobisaTvis iseTi pirobebis Seqmnas, rom maT ar gauCndeT misi da-

tovebis survili.


1. qarTuli enciklopedia, tomi I, 1975.

2. ekonomikuri Teoria. saxelmZRvanelo. g. adeiSvilis da r. asaTianis redaqciiT. Tavi me-

12. 1998.

3. sanikiZe g. ekonomikuri Teoria. Tavi me-17. 2009.

4. Mozoyer M., Roudant L. A history of world agriculture. 2006.

Guram Bolkvadze Shorena Gogidze Sandro Sanikidze Levan Shugliashvili

Agrarian Relations and Stages of their Development

Abstract

Paper aims to present main stages and steps that are made in the process of agricultural development in Georgia from very early years. The paper describes agrarian relations in general, shows the importance of land and gives impressions how agricultural work had been developing from time to time. These issues have utmost importance for Georgia as a country of agriculture. Abroad country is known as “Georgia” that comes from old Greek language and means working on land.

Agrarian relations were heavily affected by various social orders, especially slavery and feudalism, when forms of ownership and farmers rights on using their own propriety were something different from that of today. Important stage was entering on market economy that created new forms of agrarian relations.

Main force in agrarian relations are farms that can be classified as households, jount farms and agricultural cooperatives.

Finally, it can be said that agrarian relations in Georgia are developing and their positive influence on economy is increasing.

57

Alia goderZiSvili

Nnana maisuraZe

irakli murcxvalaZe

TaTia sosiaSvili

agrobiznesi da misi resursuli potenciali saqarTveloSi

biznesis warmarTvisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs resursebis efeqtur gamoyene-

bas. agrobiznesis xelSi imyofeba miwis, kapitalis, fuladi da adamianuri resurse-

bis garkveuli, zRvruli raodenoba, maragi. resursebis SezRudulobis gamo yovel-

Tvis dgeba ekonomikuri arCevnis problema da mudmivad warmoiqmneba alternatiuli

arCevnis SesaZlebloba. amdenad, agrobiznesis warmateba damokidebulia SezRuduli

resursebis pirobebSi swori arCevnis gakeTebaze. aqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT qveynis

konkurentuli garemo. TiToeul qveyanaSi unda ganisazRvros agrobiznesis potencia-

li, rac gulisxmobs raimes ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro SesaZleblobaTa erToblioba.

agrobiznesis funqcionirebisTvis gamosayenebeli resursebi SesaZlebelia ramde-

nime kategoriad daiyos:

bunebrivi resursebi – es aris is safuZveli, romelzedac warmoebis procesia

dafuZnebuli. aq, upirveles yovlisa, moiazreba miwa da sarwyavi wylis marage-

bi;

biologiuri resursebi – is aerTianebs mcenareTa da cxovelTa mTel samyaros,

romelic, Tavis mxriv, mraval jgufs, gvars, saxes da jiSs moicavs. aqve mniS-

vnelovania mcenareTa mavneblebTan da daavadebebTan brZolis SesaZleblobebi,

mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis danergvis miRwevis done, qimiur saSualebaTa

maragebi, biologiuri meTodebis da bioenergiis gamomuSavebis saSualebebi da

sxva.

SromiTi resursebi - soflis meurneobaSi igi warmoebis ZiriTadi samuSao Za-

lis gamoyenebis saSualebas warmoadgens. didi mniSvneloba aqvs, Tu ramdenadaa

SesaZlebeli masSi mosaxleobis aqtiuri nawilis CarTva-gamoyenebis SesaZleb-

loba.

warmoebis saSualebebi – am kategoriaSi ganixileba warmoebis ZiriTadi da sab-

runavi saSualebebi. Ppirveli gulisxmobs SeiaraRebis erTobliobas, magaliTad:

Senoba-nagebobebi, mowyobilobebi, mravalwliani nargavebi, muSa da produqtiuli

pirutyvi, frinveli da futkari. meoreSi ki – warmoebis Sewyvetili ciklis

uzrunvelsayofad saWiro saSualebebi, romlebic erTi ciklis ganmavlobaSi ax-

lad Seqmnili produqciis gadasacemad gamoiyeneba, magaliTad: samSeneblo masa-

lebi, yvela saxis nedleuli, Tesli, mineraluri da organuli sasuqebi da a.S.

sawarmoo potenciali – es rTuli socialur-ekonomikuri kategoriaa, romelic

moicavs ekonomikuri da resursuli potencialis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis

sferoebSi aqtiurad Cabmul nawils. agrobiznesSi resursuli potencialis ma-

terialur safuZvels warmoadgens miwa, xolo ekonomikurs _ masze gaweuli ka-

58

pitaldabandebebi, rac zrdis niadagis nayofierebas da Sesabamisad, produqciis

siuxvesac. orive saxe urTierTdakavSirebuli resursebis erTobliobad ganixi-

leba, romelTa gamoyenebiTac vaRwevT sameurneo Sedegs.

agrobiznesSi warmoebis saboloo Sedegis Sesafaseblad sabazro ekonomikis pi-

robebSi iyeneben warmoebuli produqciis realizaciidan miRebul mogebas. dRes mTa-

vari mainc bunebrivi resursebis dacvisa da maTi racionalurad gamoyenebis proble-

mebis optimalurad gadaWraa. aq ukve prioritetulia maTi Sefaseba Tanamedrove da

perspeqtiuli sargeblianobis TvalsazrisiT.

agrobiznesis ganviTarebis indikatorebi nebismieri qveynis ekonomikur maCveneb-

lebze aisaxeba. am sferos roli gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania naklebad ganviTare-

bul qveynebSi, romelTa rigebSi saqarTveloc SegviZlia ganvixiloT. bolo periodSi

upiratesoba mcire da saSualo meurneobebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas mieniWa. aRniS-

nuli, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebulia naklebi finansuri da materialuri danaxarjebiT,

drois mcire monakveTSi problemebis operatiulad mogvarebis, inovaciebis swrafad

danergvis SesaZleblobebiTa da sxva. am principebze dafuZnebuli agrobiznesis ganvi-

Tareba uzrunvelyofs ekologiurad sufTa produqtebis warmoebis swraf zrdas, im-

portis Canacvlebas erovnuli produqtebiT, axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas, agro-

turizmis ganviTarebas, qarTuli soflebis aRorZinebas.

saqarTvelos dRevandeli agrobiznesi pirobiTad SeiZleba daiyos ramdenime ur-

TierTdakavSirebul dargad: soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoeba; soflis meur-

neobis produqciis gadamuSaveba; soflis meurneobis produqciis realizacia; soflis

meurneobis momsaxureba; agroturizmi. TiToeuli dargi sakuTar dasaxelebaSi moiaz-

rebs logikur Sinaarss.

saqarTveloSi agrobiznesis yvelaze gavrcelebuli organizaciuli forma oja-

xuri meurneobebia, romelTa umravlesoba ar aris registrireuli sagadasaxado in-

speqciaSi, rac, faqtobrivad, sagadasaxado dabegvris Tavidan acilebis erT-erTi xer-

xia da, warmoebuli produqciis simciris gamo, fermers ar aqvs saxelSekrulebo

urTierTobebis aucilebloba, mikrosafinanso organizaciebTan urTierTobebSi es faq-

ti dabrkolebas ar qmnis. ojaxuri agrobiznesis garkveul nawils gavlili aqvs sa-

xelmwifo registracia, rogorc individualur sawarmos. nel-nela viTardeba saSua-

lo zomis fermerTa gaerTianebebi da sasoflo-sameurneo dargobrivi asociaciebi,

romlebic registrirebulni arian kooperativebis an kavSirebis formiT. am organiza-

ciaTa umravlesoba Seqmnilia saqarTveloSi moqmedi ucxouri patronaJiT.

saqarTveloSi inovaciuri agrobiznesis ganviTareba, upirveles yovlisa, konku-

rentunariani produqtebis warmoebas unda daemyaros, rac mniSvnelovnad aris damoki-

debuli mikrozonalur pirobebze.

agrobiznesis inovaciur ganviTarebaze msjeloba SeuZlebelia miwis resursebis

sferoSi arsebuli problemis aRweris gareSe.Aam problemaTagan aRsaniSnavia am re-

sursebis Sesaxeb arasaimedo da arasrulyofili informacia. qveyanaSi ar moipoveba

detaluri informacia miwaTmflobelobis, miwaTsargeblobis, degradirebuli miwebis,

dabinZurebis gavrcelebis arealis Sesaxeb.

59

eqspertuli SefasebiT, saqarTveloSi miwis resursebis gamoyenebis sferoSi Sem-

degi mniSvnelovani problemebi dafiqsirda:

mouwesrigebelia miwis resursebis flobisa da gankargvis uflebebi, pasuxis-

mgeblobebi gafantulia sxvadasxva adgilobriv da centralur uwyebebs Soris;

SezRudulia miwis resursebis mdgradi marTvisTvis gamoyofili biujeti;

miwis resursebis aramiznobrivi gamoyenebis gamo adgili aqvs miwebis degrada-

cias;

arasakmarisi da fragmentulia miwis kanonmdebloba da aRsrulebis meqanizmi;

SezRudulia informaciasa da inovaciur teqnologiebze xelmisawvdomoba;

sustia kavSiri mecnierul codnasa da samecniero kvlevebTan da sxv.

sxvadasxva dros mTavrobebi soflis meurneobebis perspeqtiul mimarTulebad

sxvadasxva produqciis warmoebis gazrdas asaxelebdnen. jerjerobiT soflis meurne-

obis zrdaSi arcerT maTgans gardatexa ar Seutania. kiTxvaze saqarTvelos agrobiz-

nesis romel produqcias aqvs zrdis realuri perspeqtiva, sainteresoa saerTaSori-

so eqspert remer leinis marketinguli kvleva, romelic TbilisSi aSS-is saerTaSo-

riso ganviTarebis saagentos ekonomikuri aRmavlobis iniciativis mowveviT imyofebo-

da 2013 wlis ivnisSi. remer leinis kvleva ZiriTadad saqarTvelos soflis meorne-

obis or produqts – Txilsa da mandarins Seexeba. am sferoebs marketingis gaumjo-

besebis SemTxvevaSi mogebis zrdis seriozuli potenciali aqvs: `msoflios ver vage-

binebT, ra gvaqvs gasayidi, gansakuTrebiT imas ver vatyobinebT, ramdenad kargia qar-

Tuli produqcia. Ees moiTxovs damokidebulebis Secvlas. Mamas SeuZlia xarisxis

mniSvnelovani zrdis miuxedavad, produqciis fasi gazardos, Tu xalxis aRqma Seic-

vleba.Aamitom Cven xalxs unda avuxsnaT, rom es gansxvavebulia, es kargia”1.

remer leinis kvlevidan SesaZlebelia Semdegi daskvnis gamoyofa – eqsperti qar-

Tvel fermerebsa da agrobiznesis warmomadgenlebs urCevs produqciis gaumjobeseba-

ze zrunvasTan erTad, produqciis mimzidvelad SefuTvasa da momxmareblisTvis maTi

sargeblianobisTvis warmoCenazec izrunon.

am bolo periodis ganmavlobaSi Txili kaxeTSi, guriaSi, aWarasa da samegreloSi

bevrma glexma moaSena. es erT-erTi mizezia imisa, rom saqarTvelodan Txilis eq-

sporti bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi stabilurad izrdeba. saqstatis monacemebiT,

qveynis masStabiT Txilis warmoeba 2013 wels 2000 welTan SedarebiT TiTqmis 3,6-

jer – 14,6 aTasi tonidan 51,8 aTas tonamde gaizarda. Txils da kakals saqarTve-

los umsxvilesi saeqsporto saqonlis aTeulSi wamyvani adgili uWiravs. qarTuli

Txilis yvelaze msxvili saeqsporto bazari (bazris 60 %) evropis qveynebze modis.

uaxloes warsuls Tu gadavxedavT 2009-2012 wlebSi evrokavSirSi gautexavi Txi-

lis eqsportis moculobiT saqarTvelo eqsportior qveynebs Soris (TurqeTi, Cile,

safrangeTi, aSS,Aazerbaijani, italia, holandia) me-5 adgilze iyo, Txilis gulis

eqsportior qveynebSi ki mesameze. (gamonaklisi iyo 2011 weli, rodesac saqarTvelom

meore adgili daikava). garda amisa saqarTvelodan evrokavSirSi Setanili Txili da

Txilis gulic yvelaze dabal fasad iyideba.

1 citata remer leinis interviudan - radio Tavisufleba; 01.06.2013

60

Txilis msoflio bazris 70 procentze meti aRniSnuli periodisaTvis TurqeTs

ekava. saqarTvelos wili mxolod 6 procents Seadgenda. aseTi monacemebiT, cxadia,

rTulia Txilis globalur bazarze da fasis formirebaze gavlenis moxdena. gasaTva-

liswinebelia is faqti, rom saqarTvelo namdvilad ver SeZlebs evrokavSirSi arse-

buli yvela daxlis Tavisi produqtiT Sevsebas. Tu gvinda, rom saqarTvelom warma-

tebulad gayidos xili da bostneuli sazRvargareT, pirvel rigSi, unda gazardos

am produqtebis warmoeba da orientacia unda gaakeTos im porduqtebze, romlebiTac

konkurentul upiratesobas moipovebs sxva qveynebTan mimarTebaSi.

bolodroindel statistikur monacemebs Tu gadavxedavT mSp-is struqturis Se-

saxeb, vnaxavT, rom soflis meurneoba, metyeveoba, nadiroba da TevzWera sakmaod

mniSvnelovan wils ikavebs. marTalia 2006-sa da 2007 wlebTan SedarebiT es wili

Semcirda, Tumca 2013 welTan SedarebiT 2014 wlis prognozirebuli mniSvneloba

didad ar gansxvavdeba da 9,4-%dan -0,2%-is cvlilebiT 9,2%-s winaswarmetyvlebs.

Mmokled ganvixiloT saqarTvelos agrobiznesis produqciis gamoSveba _2013

wlis monacemebiT, mTlian gamoSvebaSi, romelic 3210.0 mln lars Seadgenda, yvelaze

didi wili 52% mecxoveleobaze modioda. mas mosdevds memcenareoba 44%iani wiliT

da bolos ukve sasoflo-sameurneo momsaxureba 4%-iani wiliT.12014 wlisTvis aR-

niSnul moncemebSi cvlileba mxolod mecxoveleobasa da sasoflo-sameurneo momsa-

xurebasTan mimarTebaSia prognozirebuli da warmoadgens damatebiT 1%-s sasoflo--

sameurneo momsaxurebis wilisaTvis mecxoveleobis wilis amave raodenobiT Semcire-

bis xarjze.

agrobiznesi yovelTvis iyo saqarTvelos ekonomikis erT-erTi ZiriTadi dargi.

Tu gadavxedavT istorias, 1990-2010 wels mTliani sasoflo gamomuSaveba, romelic,

ZiriTadad, Sedgeboda iseTi produqtebisagan, rogorebicaa: xorbali, Tambaqo, bos-

tneuli, xili, yurZeni da Cai, mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. 2010 wels 2003 welTan Se-

darebiT sasoflo-sameurneo indeqsi mexuTediT Semcirda. 2003-2010 wlebSi ganaxev-

rda erTwliani kulturebis naTesi farTobebi. agrarul seqtorSi ar izrdeboda mo-

savlianoba, xolo zogierTi kulturis SemTxvevaSi mosavlianobis maCveneblma mniS-

vnelovanad iklo. 2010 wlis Semdeg agrobiznesma Zalian mcired, magram mainc daiwyo

ganviTareba. faqtobrivad, agrobiznesis ganviTarebisTvis ZiriTadi gamowvevbi dResac

Semdegnariad yalibdeba:

agroseqtorSi dRemde fermebi dominireben. isini ZiriTadad saojaxo moxmare-

bisTvis awarmoeben produqcias da TviTkmayofaze arian. mcire meurneobebi

awarmoeben soflis meurneobis produqciis 80%-s, aqedan mxolod 8-10% aR-

wevs adgilobriv bazarze, danarCeni modis TviTmoxmarebaze, Sesabamisad, miwis

mcire nakveTebad dayofa xels ar uwyobs dargis komercializacias, investici-

ebis mozidvas da Sromis mwarmoeblurobis zrdas.

adamianuri kapitali: fermerebis dabali mwarmoebluroba ganpirobebulia maT

mier marketinguli unarisa da codnis arqoniTac. fermerebs xeli ar miuwvde-

baT saWiro, samecniero da inovaciur informaciaze. axlandeli aqtivobebi mci-

1 saqarTvelos erovnuli statistikuri samsaxuri; soflis meurneoba; soflis meurneobis

zogadi statistika.

61

re masStabisaa da suraTs ver cvlis. yovelive zemoTqmuli ar aZlevs maT

imis saSualebas, rom ifiqron RirebulebaTa jaWvis gazrdasada investiciebis

miRebis SesaZleblobebze.

ganuviTarebeli infrastruqtura da arastabiluri logistika, rac amaRlebs

sakredito riskebs. fermerebs ar hyavT mudmivi mimwodeblebi da klientebi da

investiciebis arqonis gamo, yiduloben dabali Rirebulebisa da dabali xaris-

xis Tesls, nergebs da sxva nedeluls, rac aisaxeba maTi saboloo produqtis

xarisxze.

finansuri resursebi simwire: saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo seqtori nakle-

bad mimzidvelia investorebisTvis. amas adasturebs is garemoeba, rom am seq-

toris wili mTlian sabanko sesxebSi 1-2%-mde meryeobs. mcirea agreTve pirda-

piri ucxouri investiciebis wili saqarTvelos sasoflo-sameurneo warmoeba-

Si. soflis meurneobis wili sabiujeto asignebebSi 1-3%-mde meryeobs.

urbanulTan SedarebiT, agraruli warmoeba Zviria. am seqtorisTvis bevrad uf-

ro Znelia kreditebis aReba, Tumca, dRes soflis meurneobis saministro cdi-

lobs sxvadasxva proeqtebiT xeli Seuwyos agrobiznesisaTvis SeRavaTiani kre-

ditebis gacemas. `SeRavaTiani agrokreditis proeqti~ 2013 wlis 27 marts da-

iwyo. igi moicavs Semdeg komponentebs: uprocento sasaqonlo krediti mcire

fermerebisaTvis _ 0 %; SeRavaTiani agrokrediti saSualo da msxvili ferme-

rebisaTvis, aseve, sameurneo sawarmoebisaTvis, yurZnis gadamamuSavebli kompani-

ebsaTvis, citrusis eqsportiori da gadamamuSavebli kompaniebisaTvis, Tan-

mxvedri grantiT dafinansebuli soflis meurneobis produqciisTvis gadamamu-

Savebeli sawarmoebisaTvis; awarmoes saqarTveloSi _ sesxi mxolod axali sa-

warmos SeqmnisTvis.

agrobiznesis ganviTarebisTvis saqarTvelo cdilobs gaiTvaliswinos msoflio

gamocdileba, unda SemuSavdes soflis meurneobis mravaldoniani strategia. saerTa-

Soriso gamocdilebis warmatebuli da warumatebeli magaliTebis gaanalizebis sa-

fuZvelze rekomendebulia strategiis SemuSaveba Semdeg sam urTierTdakavSirebul

doneze: sabaziso done – grZelvadiani miznebis dasaxva soflis ganviTarebis poli-

tikasTan erTad; seqtoruli done _ maT Soris, pirveladi warmoeba, gadamuSaveba, sa-

warmoo jaWvis ganviTareba, resursuli bazis gaumjobeseba da bazris monawileebis-

Tvis informaciis miwodeba, fermerTa reestris warmoeba da formalizebuli miwis

bazris Camoyalibeba, sasaqonlo bazris ganviTareba, saerTaSoriso bazrebSi integri-

reba da pozicionireba, infrasturqturisa da teqnologiuri bazis ganviTareba; dar-

gobrivi done – konkurentuli analizi, situaciuri analizi dargebis mixedviT, qme-

diTi strategiebis da detaluri samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba TiToeuli dargis-

Tvis, sadac es SesaZlebelia subsidirebis Tavidan acileba.

strategiis SemuSaveba sam umTavres mizans unda efuZnebodes: pirveladi warmoe-

bis ganviTareba, efeqtiani gadamamuSavebeli industria da savaWro infrastruqtura.

62


1. saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka; krebuli _ agrobiznesi, saojaxo

biznesis SesaZleblobebi; 2011

2. saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka; saqarTvelos axalgazrda ekonomistTa

asociacia _ mcire da saSualo agrobiznesis dafinansebis SesaZleblobebi; 2013

3. evropis kavSiris samezoblo programa; soflis meurneobisa da soflis ganviTarebis

seqtorebis Sefaseba aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebSi _ saqarTvelo, 2012

4. asocirebis xelSekrulebis dRis wesrigis samoqmedo gegma; soflis meurneoba 2015

5. soflis meurneobis strategia: saerTaSoriso gamocdileba da saqarTvelo; aRmosavleT-

dasavleTis marTvis instituti (AwmI); ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri; 2014

6. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri transformacia: damoukideblobis 20 weli; Sualeduri

angariSi; `evropuli iniciativa _ liberaluri akademia Tbilisi~ 2012

7. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro; agrobiznesis ganviTarebis SesaZeblobebi

2013-2015

Lia Goderdzishvili Nana Maisuradze Irakli Murtskhvaladze Tatia Sosiashvili

Agribusiness and its Resource Potential in Georgia

Abstract

Conducting business requires effective use of resources. Agribusiness holds the storage and marginal quantity of land, capital, financial and human resources. Due to the limited resources we always face the economic choices problem and there constantly arises the possibility of alternative choice. Consequently, the success of agribusiness depends on making the right choice in the circumstances of the limited available resources.

The article reviews the importance of the agribusiness in the development of the country's economy, its development indicators, the production process evaluation criteria.

The role of agribusiness is mostly significant for the less developed countries, including Georgia. The article analyzes the structure of the agricultural sector of Georgia, its organizational forms, their prospects and challenges. Simultaneously we discuss the major problems of the agricultural sector the country faces for the time being.

Agribusiness is the priority sphere for the economy of Georgia. Georgia is trying to take into account the global experience and multilevel strategy in developing agribusiness

63

tariel zarandia

Tengiz TaqTaqiSvili

qeTevan korZaZe

nino xarisTvalaSvili

qarTveli mevenaxeebis perspeqtivebi evrokavSiris bazarze

meRvineoba-mevenaxeoba saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis umniSvnelovanesi

nawilia. Rvinis warmoebas gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia qveynis ekonomikur da so-

cialur cxovrebaSi. es aris dRemde Semonaxuli erT-erTi uZvelesi tradicia. sxva-

dasxva arqeologiuri kvleviT dasturdeba, rom saqarTvelo Rvinis samSobloa, am

teritoriaze vazi 8000 wlis win xarobda da Rvinis dayenebac yvelaze adre swored

aq daiwyo. qarTuli meRvineobis didi istoria saerTaSoriso masStabiTaa aRiarebu-

li. 2012 wlis ivlisidan, saqarTvelos aqvs eqskluziuri ufleba, qarTuli warmoe-

bis Rvinos evrokavSirSi popularizacia gauwios sityvebiT „saqarTvelo – Rvinis

akvani“.1

saqarTveloSi Rvinos mzaddeba rogorc qarxnebSi, aseve saxlis pirobebSi, qvev-

rebSi. qvevrSi Rvinis dayeneba Rvinis damzadebis qarTuli meTodia da analogi ar

aqvs msoflioSi. 2013 wels qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZveles qarTul tradiciul

meTods iuneskos mier kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi mieniWa.2

saqarTvelo gamoirCeva yurZnis endogenuri jiSebis siuxviT. aq xarobs 500 en-

dogenur jiSze meti, rac msoflioSi arsebuli yurZnis jiSebis 20%-ia.3

bolo wlebSi meRvineobis dargi seriozul problemebs ganicdis, rac ganpiro-

bebulia, erTi mxriv, arastabiluri gare bazrebiT (mag., ruseTis bazari), xolo, me-

ore mxriv, TviTon dargSi arsebuli problemebiT (mag., warmoebuli Rvinis xarisxi).

dReis mdgomareobiT, saqarTveloSi 60 aTas heqtarzea venaxi gaSenebuli. es

mxolod im farTobis naxevaria, razec 1980-ianebis dasawyisamde iyo venaxi gaSenebu-

li. amis miuxedavad, saqarTvelo meoTxea (portugaliis, Ciles, da italiis Semdeg)

sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis wiliT (8%), romelic gamoyeneba vazis kultivirebisaT-

vis.4 sakmaod didia gamouyenebeli miwis farTobi soflad da arsebobs qveynis mas-

StabiT venaxis saerTo farTobis gazrdis didi potenciali.

meRvineobis dargi gansakuTrebiT mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda, roca 2006

wlis ianvarSi ruseTis Sesabamisi samsaxuris mier sanitaruli normebis darRvevis

braldebiT qarTul Rvinoze dawesda embargo. am periodSi sanqciebma qarTul ekono-

mikaze mniSvnelovani gavlena moaxdina, radgan Rvinos saqarTvelos umsxvilesi saeq-

1 inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centri saqpatenti, http://sakpatenti.org.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=17&info_id=726, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

2 saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli saagento, http://www.heritagesites.ge/geo/media/new/227, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

3 mosiaSvili n., „qarTuli Rvinis ekonomikuri potenciali“,http://www.iset.ge/blog/?p=3855, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

4 mosiaSvili n., „qarTuli Rvinis ekonomikuri potenciali“,http://www.iset.ge/blog/?p=3855, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

64

sporto saqonlis aTeulSi pirveli adgili ekava da misi 80 procenti ruseTSi ga-

dioda.

Sedegad Rvinis eqsporti mniSvnelovnad Semcirda.

grafiki 1. Rvinis eqsporti saqarTvelodan 2002-2012 wlebSi.

wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis samsaxuri

amJamad, saqarTvelo weliwadSi daaxloebiT 1 milion heqtolitr Rvinos awar-

moebs da mis wilad msoflio bazris 0,3 procenti modis.1

ruseTis bazari amJamad gaxsnilia qarTuli RvinisTvis, rac dadebiTad aisaxa

Rvinis eqsportze. amis miuxedavad, ruseTis bazris arastabilurobis gamo didi mniS-

vneloba eniWeba gasaRebis axali bazrebis aTvisebas. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT aRsaniS-

navia qarTuli Rvinis perspeqtivebi evrokavSiris bazarze.

gasul wels saqarTvelom evrokavSirTan Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali

savaWro sivrcis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba (DCFTA) gaaforma, aRniSnuli dokumenti qarTu-

li produqciis evropis bazarze martivad moxvedras uwyobs xels. amisTvis ki saWi-

ro gaxda bevrikanonmdeblobisa da procedurebis evropul standartebze morgeba.

SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebs, rom mxareebma importze sabaJo gadasaxadebi unda gaa-

uqmon, (DCFTA tarifebs mTlianad gaauqmebs Semdeg produqtze: Rvino, yveli, cocxa-

li cxovelebi, cxvari, Txis xorci, iogurti, Sokoladi, cxovelis tyavi da bamba

(rasac GSP+ xelSekruleba ar iTvaliswinebda), kenkra, xili da bostneuli (maT

Soris dakonservebuli da damuSavebuli) da xilis wvenebi (romlebic nawilobrivi

SeRavaTebiT sargeblobdnen GSP+ pirobebiT).2

sakiTxi, romelic gvinda ganvixiloT, aris ara qarTuli Rvinis kompaniebis, ara-

med mevenaxe saojaxo meurneobebis perspeqtivebi evrokavSiris bazarze. Cveni azriT,

qarTvel mevenaxeebs evrokavSiris bazarze Sesvla SeuZliaT ori gziT: pirveli, ev-

rokavSiris qveynebSi izrdeba moTxovna bioproduqciaze. es exeba Rvinosac. Sesabami-

1 vardiaSvili m., „qarTuli Rvino – erTi qolga da bevri problema“,

http://www.vinoge.com/istoria/qarTuli-Rvino-erTi-qolga-da-bevri-problema, bolo naxva:17.05.2015 2 qvliviZe n., „qarTuli produqciis Sansebi evropis bazarze“, biznesi da menejmenti,

http://agrokavkaz.ge/eu_geo/qarthuli-produqtsiis-shansebi-evropis-bazarze.html, bolo naxva: 17.05.2015

33,20242,612

48,719

81,329

41,051

29,19736,863

31,99741,138

54,103

64,871

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

65

sad, qarTvel mevenaxeebs SeuZliaT aqcenti gaakeTon bioRvinis warmoebaze. meore,

Rvinis gatana didi moculobis avzebiT sazRvargareT, sadac is boTlebSi Camoisxmeba.

bioRvino akrZaluli Sxam-qimikatebis gareSe moyvanili yurZnidan miiReba, amas-

Tan, qarxnebSi gamoyenebuli meTodisgan gansxvavdeba bioRvinis dayenebis meTodic.

eqsperti giorgi barisaSvili: `bioRvino iseTi Rvinoa, romelSic ar aris gamo-

yenebuli akrZaluli da garemosaTvis mavnebeli Sxamqimikatebi. SezRudvebia rogorc

uSualod Rvinis Camosxmisas, aseve venaxis damuSavebis dros. qimiuri preparatebis

nacvlad, rac Zalian mavnebelia garemosaTvis, bioRvinis warmoebaSi alternatiuli

preparatebis gamoyenebaa daSvebuli. bioRvino gulisxmobs, rom adamiani, rac SeiZle-

ba, ufro axlos iyos bunebasTan~.

bioRvinis dasayeneblad sertifikati unda hqondes venaxsac da Camomsxmel qar-

xanasac. pirveladi sertificireba venaxisTvisaa saWiro, xolo Tu mevenaxe TviTon

apirebs Rvinis Camosxmas, maSin 2 sertifikati sWirdeba: erTi mevenaxeobisaTvis, meo-

re Rvinis dasayenebeli sawarmosi.1

Rvinis kompaniebisTvis yurZnis Cabarebis nacvlad mevenaxeebs SeuZliaT Tavad

awarmoon bioRvino. es, rasakvirvelia, exebaT maT, vinc msxvil venaxebs flobs. Tum-

ca, wvril mevenaxeebs kooperaciis gziT SeuZliaT masStabTan dakavSirebuli proble-

mis gadaWra da erToblivi sawarmos Seqmna, sadac bioRvinos daamzadeben.

raRa Tqma unda, bioRvinis sawarmoeblad saWiro xarjebi gacilebiT didi iqneba,

radgan venaxis movlis biologiurad sufTa saSualebebi tradiciul qimiur prepara-

tebze ufro Zviria.

vinc bioRvinis Camosxmas gadawyvets, sertifikatis misaRebad damoukidebel or-

ganizacia „kavkazserts“ unda mimarTos. sertifikati saWiroa rogorc Camomsxmelis-

Tvis, aseve mevenaxisTvis. ganacxadis gakeTebidan venaxi 3 wlis manZilze gardamaval

etaps gadis. am periodSi mTlianad gamoiricxeba bioRvinisTvis akrZaluli prepara-

tebis venaxSi gamoyeneba da 3 wlis Semdeg miRebuli yurZenic ukve daSvebulia bioR-

vinis warmoebaSi.

eqsperti giorgi barisaSvili ambobs, rom bioRvinis Camosxmis msurvelma venaxSi

ar SeiZleba gamoiyenos sistemuri preparatebi: topazi, bailetoni... Sabiamani da spi-

lenZis Semcveli preparatebi daSvebulia, aseve gogirdi, kiri. amave dros arsebobs

axali, Tanamedrove Sabiamani da gogirdi, romlic kidev ufro gaumjobesebulia da

naklebaddamazianebelia bunebisTvis. Tumca, bioRvinisTvis akrZaluli preparatis _

bailetonis Cveulebrivi Rvinis warmoebaSi gamoyeneba kanoniT SezRuduli ar aris.2

oficialuri monacemebiT, evropaSi bioRvinoze da bioproduqtebze bolo 4-5

wlis ganmavlobaSi moTxovnileba 100%-iT gaizarda.3sul ufro izrdeba moTxovna bi-

1 iobaSvili T., „bioRvino - evropaSi Sesvlis realuri Sansi qarTveli meRvineebisTvis“,

biznesi da menejmenti, #1(17), 2008, http://www.aaf.ge/index.php?menu=2&jurn=17&rubr=0&mas=625, bolo naxva:17.05.2015


biznesi da menejmenti, #1(17), 2008, http://www.aaf.ge/index.php?menu=2&jurn=17&rubr=0&mas=625, bolo naxva:17.05.2015


biznesi da menejmenti,#1(17), 2008, http://www.aaf.ge/index.php?menu=2&jurn=17&rubr=0&mas=625, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

66

oproduqciaze, risi mizezic evropeli moqalaqeebis mier jansaR kvebaze, zogadad,

janmrTelobasa da garemos dacvaze zrunvaa.

radganac bioRvinoze moTxovna izrdeba, Sesabamisad saqarTveloSic aseTi Rvinis

Camosxmis msurveli dRiTidRe matulobs. jerjerobiT Tu bioRvinis Camosxmis ufle-

ba mxolod im mcire mewarmeebs aqvT, romlebsac sakuTar venaxSi moweuli yurZnis

Rvino aqvT, male ukve ramdenime Rvinis qarxanac miiRebs licenzias bioRvinis Camos-

xmaze. dRevandeli monacemebiT ki weliwadSi saSualod 15-20 aTasi boTli bioRvinis

Camosxma xdeba, rac ucxoeTSi iyideba kidec.1

bioRvinis dasamzadeblad yurZeni unda daiwuros xis sawnaxelSi, raTa masSi

rkina ar moxvdes. yurZnis gadasatanad aseve gamoiyeneba xis yuTebi da godrebi. amas-

Tan, RvinoSi rkinis moxvedris Tavidan asacileblad is daduRdeba uJangavi foladis

avzebSi.

bioRvinoze mzardi moTxovnis gamo, qarTveli mevenaxeebis nawili, savaraudod bi-

oRviniT Caanacvlebs Rvinis tradiciul warmoebas. maTgan nawilma SesaZlebelia aqcenti

gaakeTos mxolod bioRvinis dasamzadeblad saWiro nedleulis warmoebaze, xolo na-

wilma Seqmnas sakuTari sawarmo bioRvinis dasamzadeblad.

kidev erTi gza, romliTac qarTvel mevenaxeebs SeuZliaT gavidnen evrokavSiris ba-

zarze, aris ara boTlebSi CamosxmuliRvinis gatana sazRvargareT, aramed _ didi mocu-

lobis avzebiT, cisternebi.

2012 wels britaneTSi gayiduli avstraliuri Rvinis yoveli aTi boTlidan rvaSi

Camosxmuli iyo Rvino, romelic britaneTSi Sevida didi moculobis avzebSi Camosxmuli

Rvinis da ara boTlis saxiT. aRsaniSnavia, rom avstraliidan aseTi formiT gatanilma

Rvinom ukve gadaaswro boTlebiT Rvinis eqsports.

avstralia erTaderTi qveyana araa, romelsac Rvino boTlebis nacvlad cisterne-

biT gaaqvs sazRvargareT. espaneTi da italia ufro meti Rvinis eqsports axorcieleben

cisternebiT, vidre nebismieri araevropeli Rvinis mwarmoebeli qveyana. samxreT afrikis

Rvinis eqsportis 65 procenti cisternebiT eqsportze modis. am mxriv, gansakuTrebiT

aRsaniSnavia Cile, romelic iRebs erT-erT yvelaze maRal fass aseTi formiT eqsporti-

rebuli Rvinis erT litrze. OIV-is (vazisa da Rvinis saerTaSoriso organizacia) Ta-

naxmad, sabiTumo SefuTviT Rvinis gatana msoflio masStabiT gaizarda 61%-iT 2005-

2012 wlebSi da Seadgens mTliani eqsportirebuli Rvinis 40%-s.2

boTliT da muyaos yuTiT transportirebisas ikargeba moculobis erTi mesame-

di. maSin, roca 20 futian konteinerSi Tavsdeba 9900 litri Rvino boTlebSi Ca-

mosxmuli formiT, mas aseve SeuZlia 24 aTasi litri Rvinis gadatana sabiTumo

formiT da mxolod cotaTi meti danaxarjebiT.3


biznesi da menejmenti,#1(17), 2008, http://www.aaf.ge/index.php?menu=2&jurn=17&rubr=0&mas=625, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

2 Robinson J., “How wine travels nowadays – in bulk”, http://www.jancisrobinson.com/articles/how-wine-travels-nowadays-in-bulk, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

3 Fickling D., “Australia ships wine in bulk, not bottles”, February 8, 2013, http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Australia-ships-wine-in-bulk-not-bottles-4264644.php, bolo

naxva:17.05.2015

67

kompaniebi msoflio masStabiT aanalizeben Rvinis biTumad gadatanisa da misi ga-

yidvis adgilas Camosxmis upiratesobebs. standartuli gadazidvis konteineris saSua-

lebiT SesaZlebelia 12 aTasidan 13 aTasamde boTli Rvinis gadatana, romlebic moTav-

sebulia muyaos yuTebSi, romlebic damagrebulia paletebze. RvinisTvis gankuTvnili

specialuri konteinerebiT ki SesaZlebelia 32 aTasi boTli Rvinis ekvivalentis gada-

tana, rac iZleva danaxarjebis Semcirebis saSualebas.1

am saxiT Rvinis eqsportis yvelaze sasurveli mimarTulebebi SeiZleba iyos didi

britaneTi da germania, romlebic arian sabiTumo SefuTviT Rvinis umsxvilesi impor-

tiorebi. es qveynebi, imaze gacilebiT met Rvinos moixmaren, vidre Tavad awarmoeben.

gayidvis adgilTan axlos Rvinis Camosxmis erT-erTi upiratesobaa ukeT reagire-

ba swrafad cvalebad moTxovnaze. am SemTxvevaSi izogeba bazarze Rvinis misawodeblad

saWiro dro da izrdeba moqniloba. Sesabamisad, Rvinis mimwodebeli kompaniebisTvis

SesaZloa saintereso iyos saqarTvelodan Rvinis gatana msxvili moculobis avzebiT

da maTi Camosxma boTlebSi evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi.

am SemTxvevaSic upiratesoba mieniWebaT msxvil mevenaxeebs, Tumca, SedarebiT mci-

re farTobis venaxis mflobelebs SeuZliaT kooperaciis gziT gaxdnen msxvili mimwo-

deblebi da erToblivad gaitanon Rvino evropul bazarze.

evrokavSiris bazarze Sesvlis es orive strategia moiTxovs qveynis, rogorc

Rvinis uZvelesi mwarmoeblis da samSoblos, cnobadobis zrdas saerTaSoriso mas-

StabiT.

msoflio bazarze qveynis brendiT gasvla cnobili da aprobirebuli meTodia. sam-

xreT afrika, Cile da avstralia saerTaSoriso bazarze Tavis droze swored am gziT

gavidnen.

pirveli ram, rac komerciulad warmatebuli Rvinis Sesaqmneladaa saWiro, misi

identifikaciaa. informacia, romelic Rvinos, mis Tvisebebs, warmoebis adgils da zo-

gadad nawarmis dadebiT mxareebs moicavs, zedmiwevniT detalur Seswavlas saWiroebs.

mis analizze unda aigos gayidvebis strategia, es detalebi ki uSualod aisaxos

brendis saxelze, etiketze, SefuTvaze da zogadad, mTlian sareklamo kampaniaze. sau-

baria iseT martiv rameebze, rogoricaa imis codna, Tu vin aris potenciuri myidveli

da ubralod, ras warmoadgens brendi, romlis e.w. promouSenis gakeTebas apirebT.

Cveni azriT, evrokavSiris bazarze gasasvlelad Rvinis kompaniebi da Rvinis mwar-

moebeli saojaxo meurneobebi erTiani brendirebuli etiketiT – Wine of Georgia _ un-

da gaerTiandnen, rac maT garkveul upiratesobas mianiWebs (magaliTad, gaamartivebs da

naTels gaxdis Rvinis mimwodeblis identificirebas qveyanasTan).

2013-2014 wlebSi Rvinis erovnulma saagentom kerZo seqtorTan erTad SeimuSava

qarTuli Rvinis marketingis strategiuli gegma da SearCia strategiuli bazrebi. am

gegmis mixedviT, ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi iqneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, CineTi,

didi britaneTi, poloneTi, baltiispireTis qveynebi. 2015 wels saqarTvelo monawile-

obas iRebs, faqtobrivad, yvela prestiJul Rvinis gamofenaSsa da RonisZiebaSi. aseTi

gamofenebia safrangeTSi, italiaSi, germaniaSi da sxv. aseve, dagegmilia sxvadasxva

1 WRAP, „Bulk wine importation: The advantages”, 2011

68

aqtivobebi qarTuli Rvinis, faqtobrivad, yvela bazarze. 2014 wels 4,5 milionidan

qarTuli Rvinis popularizaciisTvis gamoyofili biujeti 5 milion laramdea gaz-

rdili.1

Cveni azriT, kargi iqneba Tu am gamofenebze moxvdeba ara marto Rvinis kompani-

ebis, aramed mcire saojaxo meurneobebis mier warmoebuli Rvinoc (maT Soris bioR-

vino), raTa gaizardos Rvinis importiori kompaniebis daintereseba.


1. vardiaSvili m., „qarTuli Rvino – erTi qolga da bevri problema“,

http://www.vinoge.com/istoria/qarTuli-Rvino-erTi-qolga-da-bevri-problema, bolo

naxva:17.05.2015

2. inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centri saqpatenti,http://sakpatenti.org.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=17&info_id=726, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

3. iobaSvili T., „bioRvino - evropaSi Sesvlis realuri Sansi qarTveli meRvineebisTvis“,

biznesi da menejmenti, #1(17), 2008,

http://www.aaf.ge/index.php?menu=2&jurn=17&rubr=0&mas=625, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

4. mosiaSvili n., „qarTuli Rvinis ekonomikuri potenciali“,http://www.iset.ge/blog/?p=3855,

bolo naxva:17.05.2015

5. saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli saagento,http://www.heritagesites.ge/geo/media/new/227, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

6. qvliviZe n., „qarTuli produqciis Sansebi evropis bazarze“, biznesi da menejmenti,http://agrokavkaz.ge/eu_geo/qarthuli-produqtsiis-shansebi-evropis-bazarze.html, bolo

naxva:17.05.2015

7. Fickling D., “Australia ships wine in bulk, not bottles”, February 8, 2013,http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Australia-ships-wine-in-bulk-not-bottles-4264644.php,bolo naxva:17.05.2015

8. Robinson J., “How wine travels nowadays – in bulk”, http://www.jancisrobinson.com/articles/how-wine-travels-nowadays-in-bulk, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

9. WRAP, „Bulk wine importation: The advantages”, 2011

10. http://www.commersant.ge/index.php?m=5&news_id=17175&cat_id=5, bolo naxva: 25.05.2015

1 http://www.commersant.ge/index.php?m=5&news_id=17175&cat_id=5, bolo naxva:17.05.2015

69

Tariel Zarandia Tengiz Taktakishvili Ketevan Kordzadze

Nino Kharistvalashvili

Perspectives of Georgian Grape Growers on EU Market

Abstract

The paper deals with the situation existing in the wine sector in Georgia, its problems, challenges and the ways that can be used in order to support Georgian wine enter on EU market.

In article natural advantages of Georgia as the oldest country producing wine and traditional wine making methods are overviewed. Crisis of the sector in 2006 is particularly mentioned. That crisis was caused by the embargo imposed on Georgian products by Russia’s government. Export trend is also shown before and after embargo that draws clear picture about severity of the problem.

In the paper authors has proposed two ways of the entrance of Georgian wine on EU market. These are: production of bio-wine and exporting wine in bulk.

Bio-production has become very demanded in recent years amongEU consumers. This trend is stipulated by increased concerns about healthy products and life-style and environmental issues.

Many companies around the world recognize advantages of exporting bulk wine instead of one in the bottles. In such circumstances Georgian grape growers are given possibilities to sell their wine on EU market by cooperating with each other or through intermediate companies.

Generally paper gives interesting recommendations for grape growers on using existing potential properly.

70

nika kaxiZe

irakli Sengelia

vaxtang Waraia

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTareba israelSi

istoria

israeli uZvelesi droidan misdevs meRvineoba-mevenaxeobas, awarmoebs da eqs-

portze gaaqvs Rvino. xmelTaSua zRvis klimatis miuxedavad, frangulma Know How-m

axal etapze gadaiyvana israelis Rvinis warmoeba. Tanamedrove ebrauli Rvino msof-

liosTvis erT-erTi sasurvelia, rasac mis mier miRebuli jildoebi mowmobs.

dRes israelSi Rvino mzaddeba xuT regionSi, esenia:

galili (galileli, maT Soris golanis mTa), romelic venaxebisaTvis saukeTe-

so adgilia;

iudeis maRlobi qalaq ierusalimSi;

SamSoni – iudeis maRlobsa da sanapiros dablobs Soris;

negevi – naxevrad ariduli udabno, sadac wveTovanma sarwyavma sistemam mevena-

xeobis ganviTarebas xeli Seuwyo;

Saronis dablobi _ xmelTaSua zRvasTan, qalaq hefadan samxreTiT, es aris

yvelaze didi yurZnis mzardi farTobi israelSi.

israelis saxelmwifo israelis miwaze (palestinaSi) mdebareobs. Toris mixed-

viT, es RmerTis mier aRTqmuli miwaa egviptis monobisagan gaTavisuflebuli ebrae-

lebisaTvis. antikur xanaSi am teritoriaze mdebareobda israelis gaerTianebuli sa-

mefo (Cvens welTaRricxvamde me-11 saukunis miwurulidan me-10 sakunis ukanasknel

meoTxedamde). Semdeg es samefo orad gaiyo: qveynis CrdiloeTSi israelis samefo Ca-

moyalibda, romelmac Cvens welTaRricxvamde 722 wlamde iarseba, samxreTSi ki _

iudeis samefo. es ukanaskneli sabolood Cveni welTaRricxviT pirvel saukuneSi ga-

nadgurda, Tumca manamdec ramdenimejer Sewyvita arseboba. me-4 saukunidan me-20 sau-

kunemde israelis miwa, romelic ufro palestinis saxeliTaa cnobili, mraval sxva-

dasxva erovnebisa Tu sarwmunoebis dampyrobels Cauvarda xelT. Sua saukuneebis mi-

wurulidan ebraelebi SeZlebisdagvarad Camodiodnen aq diasporebidan da maTi ricxvi

qveyanaSi nel-nela matulobda. me-19 saukunidan, sionisturi moZraobis daarsebis

mijnaze, am imigraciam masobrivi xasiaTi miiRo, ris Sedegadac ebraelebi TandaTan

adgilobrivi mosaxlebis mniSvnelovan nawilad iqcnen da aqtiurad CaerTvnen sasof-

lo-sameurneo saqmianobaSi.

israelSi Rvinis warmoeba daiwyo bibliur epoqaSi. dReisaTvis israelis Rvino

iwarmoeba, rogorc did, aseve patara Rvinis qarxnebSi, weliwadSi daaxloebiT aTi mi-

lioni boTli. 2011 wels israelidan Rvinis eqsportma 26.7 milion dolars miaRwia.

Tanamedrove Rvinis industria daaarsa baronma edmond jeims de rosCaildma,

romelsac ekuTvnis kompania “Chateau Lafite-Rothschild” (Sato lafi-rosCaildi).

71

mevenaxeoba israelSi bibliuri droidan arsebobda. im periodSi vazi Sedioda

Svidi dalocvili xilis siaSi. istoriidan cnobilia, rom israeli, Tavisi adgil-

mdebareobidan gamomdinare, aqtiurad vaWrobda RviniT mesopotamiasa da egviptesTan.

am savaWro urTierTobebma kidev ufro ganaviTara Rvinis warmoeba da israelma am

regionSi upiratesoba moipova. Rvinos israelSi imdenad didi yuradReba eqceoda,

rom Rvinis damzadeba an venaxis movla xSirad aris asaxuli religiur ilustraci-

ebSi. romaul epoqaSi israeli romSi Rvinis eqsports axorcielbda. VII saukuneSi

islamurma dampyroblebma gaanadgures yurZnis mravali jiSi. israelSi Rvinis warmo-

eba XII saukuneSi ganaxlda.

1848 wels rabim ierusalimSi daarsa pirveli Tanamedrove Rvinis sawarmo, mag-

ram sawarmos didxans ar uarsebia. 1870 wels daarsda pirveli ebrauli agrokultu-

ruli koleji, sadac iswavleboda mevenaxeoba. israelSi Tanamedrove Rvinis indus-

triis daarseba ukavSirdeba frang baron edmond jeims de rosCailds, `Sato lafi-

rosCaildis mflobels~, romelmac daiwyo franguli sxvadasxva jiSis yurZnis da

Know How-is importi israelSi. 1882 wels edmond jeims de rosCaildma daaarsa

Rvinis sawarmo “Carmen Vineyards”, romelic dRes Rvinis eqsports axorcielebs 40

qveyanaSi.

erT-erTi pirveli telefonebi swored “Carmen Vineyards”-Si damontaJda. is-

raelis premier-ministri devid ben-gurioni ki “Carmen Vineyards”-is sardafebSi mu-

Saobda axalgazrdobaSi.

israelis Tanamedrove Rvinis industria ZiriTadad awarmoebda koSeris Rvinos

(am Rvinos amzadebdnen ebrauli kanonebis mixedviT), romelic msoflio masStabiT eb-

raul TemebSi gahqondaT. am Rvinis fasi bazarze xarisxze maRali iyo. hqondaT sxva-

dasxva saxeobis Rvinoebi, maT Soris zogierTi _ tkbili. 1960 wels “Carmen Vine-

yards” iyo pirveli ebrauli Rvinis mwarmoebeli, romelmac daamzada mSrali Rvino,

1980-ian wlebSi ebraulma Rvinis industriam ganviTareba daiwyo, radgan Rvinis dam-

zadebis Tanamedrove teqnologiebi Sevida avstraliidan, kaliforniidan da safrange-

Tidan.

1989 wels gaixsna pirveli Rvinis maRazia “Margalit Winery”. 1990-ian wlebSi

ki “Golan Height Winery” da “Domaine du Castel” gaimarjves saerTaSoriso Rvinis

konkursebSi. swored es gamarjveba gaxda Rvinis maRaziebis gaxsnis mizezi, romelTa

raodenobda 2000 wels 70-s, xolo 2005-Si ki ukve 140-s Seadgenda. israelSi dRes

Rvinis 15%-ze naklebi iwarmoeba sadResaswaulo miznebisaTvis. sam umsxviless

mwarmoebels _ “Carmen Vineyards”, Barkan Rvinis marnebs da “Golan Height Winery”-s

meRvineobis Sida bazris 80%-ze meti ukaviaT, xolo eqsportis didi nawili ameri-

kis SeerTebul Statebze modis. israeli aRmosavleT xmelTaSua zRvis meRvineobis

mamoZravebeli Zalaa, mas surs axali teqnologiebisa da saeqsporto bazris didi na-

wilis aTviseba.

amerikisa da israelis mkvlevarTa gundma Crdilo israelSi qanaanis sasaxlis

sadResaswaulo darbazis gaTxrebisas aRmoaCina msoflios erT-erTi uZvelesi da

udidesi marani.

75 akris farTobis qalaqi saxelad Tel kabri daarsda daaxloebiT Zv. w. 1700

wels, Tumca nasaxlaris arsebobis kvali am regionSi 16 000 welze mets iTvlis.

72

brinjaos xanaSi erT-erTi yvelaze gavleniani qanaanelTa qalaqi, Tel kabri daaxloe-

biT 3600 wlis win, savaraudod, miwisZvris Sedegad ganadgurda. didi xnis ganmav-

lobaSi is arqeologebisaTvis damaintrigebel mxares warmoadgenda, radgan cota Tu

SemorCa am midamoebSi sxva qalaqebis mier datovebuli mSeneblobebi – amitom is er-

TaderT qanaanelTa qalaqs warmoadgens, romlis Seswavla srulad aris SesaZlebeli.

gaTxriTi samuSaobebi pirvelad 1980 wels daiwyo, magram Tavis piks 2005

wels miaRwia, roca israelis haifas da jorj vaSingtonis universitetebis saerTa-

Soriso jgufebma Zalebi gaaerTianes. oTxi wlis Semdeg jgufma TvalSisacemi aRmo-

Cenebi gaakeTa: sasaxlis kedlebze minosuri stilis naxatebis narCenebi aRmoaCines.

es pirveli da erTaderTi SemTxvevaa msgavsi xelovnebis nimuSis povnisa egeosidan

moSorebiT.

erT-erTi gansakuTrebuli aRmoCena mkvlevarebma 2013 wlis ivlisSi gaakeTes,

roca waawydnen sadResaswaulo darbazis axlo mdebare kedels, ramac miiyvana isini

15-dan 25 futis sididis namxvrevebiT savse oTaxamde. am nangrevebSi maT ipoves 40

cali 3 futis simaRlis Tixis WurWlebi, TiToeuli maTgani 13 galon siTxes itev-

da. ormocive WurWeli aSS-Si gaagzavnes Semodgomi gamokvlevebisTvis. WurWlebi ca-

rieli iyo, magram brandeis universitetis arqeologiuri qimiis specialistma en-

driu kohma or maTganSi aRmoaCina iasamnis da Rvinis qvis mJavis kvali. orive maTga-

ni Rvinis saerTo ingredientia. garda Rvinisa, is Sedis pitnaSi, TaflSi, dariCinSi,

mirtsa da Rvinis kenkraSi. kohma aseve ipova fisis kvali, romelic, savaraudod, ked-

ris xis unda iyos, rogorc Cans, qanaanelebi mas Rvinis ukeT Sesanaxad iyenebdnen da,

SesaZloa, is sasmels mcireoden fsiqotropul Tvisebebsac aZlevda.

Tel kabris Rvinis marani aramxolod Tavisi zomebis gamo akvirvebs mkvlevrebs.

gasaocaria agreTve, qanaanel meRvineTa akuratuloba da sizuste. kohis mixedviT,

isini ubralod ki ar akeTebdnen Rvinos, aramed ostatur midgomas iCendnen misdami.

Tel kabris Rvino axlo msgavsebas amJRavnebs dRevandel siriaSi arsebuli maris

civlizaciisgan SemorCenil receptTan. haifas universitetis mkvlevris asaf iasur-

landaus TqmiT, mecnierebma pirvelad ipoves uZvelesi fizikuri samxili am uZveles

teqstebTan.

dResdReobiT, Tel kabris dacemidan 3500 meti wlis Semdgom, golanis maRlo-

bebis da galilelis regionis axlos mdebareobs israelis erT-erTi warmatebuli

meRvinis saxli. Tumca, saeWvoa am uZvelesi Rvinis aRmoCenas Seedrebodes Tanamedro-

ve mdidruli sasaxle. mkvlevrebs miaCniaT, rom yvelaze axlo msgavsebas is berZnul

tradiciul Rvino recinasTan amJRavnebs. isic Seicavs fiss, rac mas gansakuTrebul

gemos aniWebs. Tel kabris gundi imedovnebs, rom qimiuri analizis gaRmavebiT SeZle-

ben momavalSi qanaanelTa Rvinis aRdgenas. amasobaSi ki gaTxrebi grZeldeba.

israelis klimati da geografia

israelSi xmelTaSua zRvis klimatia, is mdebareobs imave grZedSi, sadac aris

san-diego da meqsika. aq ori ZiriTadi sezonia: 1) cxeli, notio, Zalian mcire nale-

qebis zafxuli, romelic iwyeba aprilidan da grZeldeba oqtombris bolomde;

73

2) wvimiani zamTris sezoni _ oqtombridan martamde. zamTarSi, naleqebis wliuri

maCvenebeli daaxloebiT 50 sm, zogierT adgilze 90 sm-sac aRwevs.

zogierTi venaxi golanis maRlobis maRal wertilebzea, sadac zamTarSi Tovs

kidec. mSrali sezonisas wveTovani sarwyavi sistema sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania ve-

naxebisaTvis.

israeli niu jersis Statis zomisaa. qveyana mdebareobs samxreT-dasavleT azia-

Si, xmelTaSua zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. israelis CrdiloeTiT libani da siria

mdebareobs, aRmosavleTiT _ iordania, samxreTiT _ wiTeli zRva, xolo dasavleTiT

_ egvipte da xmelTaSua zRva. yvelaze grZeli sazRvari israels aqvs iordaniasTan

_ 238 km, yvelaze mokle sazRvari siriasTan – 76 km. sazRvao sanapiro xazis sigrZe

273 km-ia. teritoria CrdiloeTidan samxreTisaken gadaWimulia 450 km-ze, xolo yve-

laze ganieri adgili aRwevs 137 km-s.

aRmosavleTiT, centralur platoze iordanes xeobaa, romelic `did velTan~

SedarebiT mcire zomisaa. mkvdari zRvis samxreTiT gadaWimulia udabno arava, rome-

lic mTavrdeba wiTeli zRvis yureSi. israelis da sinais naxevarkunZulze aris uni-

kaluri krateri `maxteSi~ (eroziuli amfiTeatrebi).

karmeli aris mTis masivi israelis CrdiloeT-dasavleT nawilSi (simaRle 525.4

m). arqeologebma mTis sxvadaxva adgilSi aRmoaCines uZvelesi Rvino da zeTis sawne-

xi. mTas da irgvliv mdebare qalaqebs, maT Soris hefas, iuneskom biosferuli nakrZa-

lis statusi mianiWa. karmelis zonis sigane, romelic 6.5-8 km-ia, TandaTan eSveba

samxreT-dasavleTisken. aq gabatonebulia rbili klimati da modis uxvi atmosferu-

li naleqebi. ferdobebze jer kidev adreuli periodidan xarobda vazi. Tumca, sxva-

dasxva dros aq arsebuli venaxebi da tyeebis didi nawili ganadgurda. amJamad tye-

ebs qmnis kedari, muxa, fiWvi da sxva. 2010 wels Zlieri xanZris Sedegad wiwvovani

tye dazaralda. faunas, ZiriTadad, qmnian mRrRnelebi. farTod aris gavrCelebuli

maCvi. gvxvdeba agreTve frinvelTa ramdenime saxeoba.

temperatura israelSi did diapazonSi meryeobs, gansakuTrebiT zamTarSi. ma-

RalmTian regionebSi civa. xermonis mTaze zamTarSi xSirad Tovs da, rogorc wesi,

ierusalimSi erTxel mainc Tovs weliwadSi. amave dros, zRvispira qalaqebSi, rogo-

ricaa Tel-avivi da hefa, aris tipuri xmelTaSua zRvis klimati – grili, wvimiani

zamTriT da xangrZlivi cxeli zafxuliT.

israelSi wlis resursebi SezRudulia, ris gamoc qveyanaSi wylis deficitia.

miwisqveSa wyali Seicavs mniSvnelovan minarevebs _ bikarbonatebs, amitom wyali xis-

tia. zRvis wlis gadasamuSavebeli pirveli qarxana aSenda 1974 wels eilaTSi. 2010

wlis 16 maiss qalaq haderaSi gaixsna msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze mZlavri da didi

zRvis wylis gadamamuSavebeli qarxana. wyalmomaragebisaTvis agreTve gamoiyeneba mi-

wisqveSa wylebi.

israelis yurZnis jiSebi

dReisaTvis israelSi Rvinis produqcias awarmoeben ZiriTadad franguli yur-

Znis saxeobebidan, romelic importirdeba israelSi me-19 saukunidan, yvelaze

farTod gavrcelebuli saxeobebia: Cabernet Sauvingnon, Chardonnay, Merlot da Sauvignon

74

blanc. axali saxeobebi, romelTa popularoba dRiTidRe matulobs, aris: Cabernet

Franc, Gewurztaminer, Muscat Canelli, Riesling da Syrah. aris sxva saxeobebic, romlebic

aseve darges da moicavs garkveul segments. esenia: Emerald Riesling, Muscat of Ale-

xandria.

israelis Rvinis Sefasebebi

deniel rogovma, gazeT `harecis~ sakvebisa da Rvinis kritikosma, 2012 wels

israelis vazi Seitana Tavis saxelmZRvaneloSi, romelSic aRwerilia 2500 Rvinis

saxeoba 150 Rvinis qarxnidan.

msoflio masStabiT israelis Rvinos didi mowoneba aqvs, amitomac ramdenime

msoflio mniSvnelobis prizi aqvs mogebuli. 2001 wels domein du kastelSi israe-

lis TeTrma Rvinom saukeTeso Rvinis jildo moipova. 2012 wels G~golan heiTs vai-

nerim~ miiRo erT-erTi yvelaze prestiJuli prizi _ “Wine Star”.

galil maunTen vainerma moigo ori jildo “Citadelles du Vin 2011” konkursSi,

romelic gaimarTa Vinexpo 2011 safrangeTSi.

israelis wiTeli, TeTri da vardisferi Rvino Zalian moewonaT robert

parkersa da oz klarks. 2007 wels, rodesac parkerma pirvelad gasinja israelis

Rvino _ 14 maTgans mianiWa 90 qula 100-dan. kim markusma, “Wine Spectator”-is mTa-

varma redaqtorma, 2008 wels israelis Rvinoze sakmaod vrceli statia gamoaqveyna.

parkeris simpaTia daimsaxura umsxvilesi da uZvelesi kompaniis “Carmel”-is da

misi Svilobili kompaniis “Yatir”-is oTxma Rvinom. agreTve “Domaine du Castel”-is

samma Rvinom, “Golan Heights Winery”-is da misi Svilobili kompaniis samma Rvinom.

aseve warmateba wilad xvda sawarmoebs: Pelter, Tzora, Tulip da Clos de Gat.


1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_wine2. http://alioni.info/history/agmochenilia-ert-erti-udzvelesi-gvinis-marani/3. http://vinoge.com/patara-WiqebiT/israelis-Rvinoebis-gamarjveba4. http://www.wine-searcher.com/regions-israel

75

Nika Kakhidze Irakli Shengelia

Vakhtang Charaia

The Development of Viticulture and Winemaking in Israel

Abstract

Israeli wine is produced by hundreds of wineries, ranging in size from small boutique enterprises to large companies producing over ten million bottles per year. Wine has been produced in the Land of Israel since biblical times. In 2011, Israeli wine exports totaled over $26.7 million. The modern Israeli wine industry was founded by Baron Edmond James de Rothschild, owner of the Bordeaux estate Château Lafite-Rothschild. Viticulture has existed in the land of Israel since biblical times. In the book of Deuteronomy, the fruit of the vine was listed as one of the seven blessed species of fruit found in the land of Israel.

Israel has a distinctly Mediterranean climate, with the country located along roughly the same latitude as San Diego and the Mexico – United States border. Israeli wine is produced in five regions: Galilee (which includes the sub-regions of the Golan Heights, Upper Galilee and Lower Galilee); the Judean Hills, surrounding the city of Jerusalem; the Samson region, located between the Judean Hills and the Coastal Plain; the Negev desert region; and the Shomron region, which includes the Sharon plain located near the Mediterranean coast and just south of Haifa. As of 2012, Israel has 50,000dunams of vineyards. More than 80% of the vineyards planted in Israel are located in the Shomron, Samson and Galilee regions.

Israel's reds, whites and rosés also have been praised by Robert Parker and Oz Clarke. When Parker first reviewed Israeli wines in 2007, he awarded 14 of them more than 90 out of a maximum 100 points, rating them world-class. Clarke included two Israeli wineries, Domaine du Castel and Yatir Winery, in his Pocket Wine Book 2010. Kim Marcus, managing editor of Wine Spectator magazine, was not impressed by Israel’s wineries in the 1990s, but in 2008, he wrote that quality had improved immensely, especially the red wines.

76

ana kemularia

mariam jibuti

SoTa jibuti

qarTuli Rvinis bazris konkurenciis analizi da diversifikaciis SesaZleblobebi

saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs

erovnuli agrosasursaTo produqtebis warmoeba. gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria im kon-

kurentunariani dargebis ganviTareba, romlebic erovnuli resursebis efeqtiani ga-

moyenebiT SeZleben saeqsporto potencialis amoqmedebasa da minimaluri danaxarje-

biT mniSvnelovani ukugebis miRebas moklevadian periodSi. am mxriv, saqarTvelosTvis

umniSvnelovanesia mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTareba.

qarTuli Rvino istoriulad erT-erTi uZvelesia evropaSi. kvlevebi cxadyofs,

rom Rvinis warmoebis kultura saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 7000 wlis win arsebob-

da.1 saqarTveloSi vazis 450-mde adgilobivi jiSia, romelTagan standartul asor-

timentSi Setanilia 62 jiSi, maT Soris 29 saRvine da 9 sufris.2

qarTuli RviniT dainteresebas konkurentuli upiratesobebi ganapirobebs:

Rvinis warmoebis xangrZlivi istoria da tradiciebi;

Rvinis dayenebis adgilobrivi, unikaluri meTodebi;

xelsayreli bunebriv-resursuli potenciali;

maRali xarisxis nedleuli;

yurZnis endemuri jiSebis unikaluri mravalferovneba da sxv.3

qarTuli Rvinis bazris diversifikaciis mimarTulebebis dasaxva saqarTvelos-

Tvis metad mniSvnelovania.

saqarTvelos regionebSi diversifikaciis problema aqtualuria, radgan qveynis

masStabiT mciremasStabiani fermeruli meurneobebi dominireben. fermerTa 20% erT

ha-mde miwis nakveTs flobs da produqts mxolod sakuTari moxmarebisTvis awarmo-

ebs; 75%-s sakuTrebaSi aqvs 1-3 ha-mde miwis nakveTi da isini produqtebs awarmoeben,

rogorc sakuTari moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileblad, aseve bazrebisTvis; mxolod

fermerTa 5% flobs 100 ha-mde miwis farTobs da bazarzea orientirebuli.4 analo-

giuri mdgomareoba aRiniSneba mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis seqtorSi arsebul fermerul

meurneobaTa Sorisac, rac gvaZlevs saSualebas, vTqvaT, rom problemis aqtualoba

calsaxaa.

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis dargis regionuli lideri saqarTveloSi kaxeTia da, Se-

sabamisad, yvelaze didi moculobiT yurZeni swored aq iwarmoeba.5 soflis meurneo-

1 Cultures of The World Georgia, 2008.gv. 128.2 saqarTvelos mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba, http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki3 E. Kharaishvili, M. Chavleishvili, M. Natsvaladze. Trends and Prospects for the Development of Georgian

Wine Market, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - ICEMBIT 2014 : International Journal of Social, Menejment, Economics and Business Engineering Vol:8 No:10, 2014.

4 e. xaraiSvili, konkurenciisa da konkurentunarianobis problemebi saqarTvelos agrosa-

sursaTo seqtorSi, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 102. 5 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, yurZnis balansi, www.geostat.ge

77

bas, kerZod, mevenaxeobas didi roli eniWeba kaxeTis regionis socialuri da ekonomi-

kuri ganviTarebis stimulirebaSi. es procesi ori pirobis Sesruleba/gaTvaliswine-

bas moiTxovs: 1) meRvineoba-mevenaxeoba adgilobriv ekonomikasa da sazogadoebasTan

mWidrod unda iyos integrirebuli; 2) Zlieri integraciuli kavSirebiT meRvineoba-

mevenaxeobis seqtorma unda SeZlos adgilobriv doneze konkurenciisa da socialuri

urTierTobebis gaumjobesebaze gavlenis moxdena. am pirobebis praqtikaSi gaTvaliswi-

nebis erT-erTi saSualeba mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis seqtoris diversifikacia da sof-

lis meurneobis ganviTarebis prioritetebis gansazRvraSi misi xelSemwyobi mimarTu-

lebebis asaxvaa.

Cven ganvaxorcieleT kvleva, romlis mizani iyo Rvinis bazarze konkurenciisa

da warmoebis diversifikaciis analizis safuZvelze mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis seqtorSi

mimdinare tendenciebis Sefaseba da rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.

analizisTvis ZiriTadad daveyrdeniT fermerTa jgufis da informirebuli pire-

bis Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegad miRebul monacemebs. mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis Sesaxeb

savele monacemTa SegrovebisTvis gamoviyeneT Semdegi instrumentebi: a) interviuebi

mevenaxeebTan/meRvineebTan; b) interviuebi sameurneo saSualebebisa da Sesawamli saSu-

alebebis mimwodeblebTan; g) interviuebi momxmareblebTan. samuSao Zalisa da Sesaba-

misad mwarmoeblurobis zrdis SesaZleblobebis gamosavlenad gamovTvaleT mosavlis

diversifikaciis indeqsi.

msoflioSi yurZnis warmoebam 2012 wels 69.1 mln tona Seadgina. bolo 12

wlis ganmavlobaSi es maCvenebeli 7%-iT gaizarda. saSualod am periodSi yurZnis

yovelwliuri mosavali msoflioSi 66.4 mln tona iyo.

cxrili 1. yurZnis warmoeba msoflioSi, mln tona1

yurZnis warmoeba msoflioSi, mln. tona

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 saSualo

64.8 61.1 61.5 63.1 68.1 67.4 67.0 65.5 67.4 68.2 68.8 71.4 69.1 66.4

miuxedavad imisa, rom yurZnis moyvanis msoflio maCvenebeli stabiluria, imave

periodSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda mosavlianoba evrokavSirSi da gaizarda iseT

qveynebSi, rogorebicaa: CineTi, Cile da indoeTi. Tu 2000 wels evropaSi modioda

msoflio yurZnis 62.5%, 2012 wlisTvis igive maCvenebeli 39%-mde Semcirda.

cxrili 2. yurZnis warmoebis dinamika kontinentebze (wili msoflio maCvenebelSi, %)2

2000 w 2012w evropa 62.5% 39%

azia 19.4% 31.2%

amerika 12% 21%

afrika 4.3% 6.3%

wynari okeanis qveynebi 2% 2.7%

1 World’s grape production 200-2012; BKWine Magazine; http://www.bkwine.com 2 World’s grape production 200-2012; BKWine Magazine; http://www.bkwine.com

78

Rvinis mwarmoebel qveynebs Soris lideris pozicias italia da safrangeTi

inarCuneben. 2012 wels msoflioSi warmoebuli Rvinis 15.9% da 15.8% am qveynebze

modis. sagulisxmoa, rom reitingSi saqarTvelo warmoebuli 95 000 tona RviniTa

da 0.37%-iani wiliT msoflio bazarze 26-e adgilzea (ix. cxrili 3). saqarTvelo,

moxmarebis kuTxiT, miuxedavad mosaxleobis dabali ricxovnobisa, SedarebiT maRali

maCvenebliT gamoirCeva, masze modis msoflio moxmarebis 0.3% da me-40 adgils

ikavebs. erT sul mosaxleze gaangariSebiT saqarTveloSi Rvinis moxmareba 16.5 litr

Rvinos Seadgens.1

zogadad, msoflio Rvinis bazari klebadi tendenciiT xasiaTdeba, 2009 welTan

SedarebiT Rvinis warmoebam 2012 wels 6.3%-iT iklo. imave periodSi Semcirebis

yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli dafiqsirda Semdeg qveynebSi: rumineTi (-39.5%); ungreTi

(-41.4%); kviprosi (-45.5%); CexeTi (-22.6%) da a.S.

cxrili 3. Rvinis warmoeba qveynebis mixedviT (aTasi litri)2

2012

RT

G

ქვეყნები 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 წ.% - msoflio warmoebaSi

%-uli cvlileba 2012/2009

1 italia 4731400 4852500 4277200 4082900 15.87% -13.71%

2 safrangeTi 4626900 447000 4977800 4047700 15.74% -12.52%

3 espaneTi 3609300 3536300 3339700 3150000 12.25% -12.73%

5 CineTi 960000 1089000 1156900 1381600 5.37% 43.92%

11 ruseTi 550000 540000 635000 620000 2.41% 12.73%

18 ukraina 220000 200000 225000 215000 0.84% -2.27%

26 saqarTvelo 85000 80000 90000 95000 0.37% 11.76%

sul, msoflio 27449200 26662800 26965300 25721000 100% -6.30%

saqarTvelos mravalferovani bunebrivi pirobebi saukeTeso garemos qmnis

maRalxarisxiani mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebisTvis. TaviseburebaTa mixedviT,

qveynis teritoria iyofa Semdeg zonebad da mikrozonebad: 1) kaxeTi, qvezonebi: Sida

kaxeTi, gare kaxeTi; 2) qarTli, qvezonebi: qvemo qarTli, Sida qarTli, zemo qarTli;

3) mesxeTi; 4)imereTi, qvezonebi: zemo imereTi, Sua imereTi, qvemo imereTi; 5) raWa-

leCxumi, qvezonebi: raWa, leCxumi; 6) Savi zRvis sanapiro zona, qvezonebi: aWara,

guria, samegrelo, afxazeTi.

msoflioSi 4 aTasamde vazis jiSia cnobili, maT Soris daaxloebiT 15%-s

qarTuli warmoSoba aqvs. miznobrivi regionis mixedviT, Rvinoebis CamonaTvali

yurZnis jiSebisa da Seferilobis gaTvaliswinebiT Semdegnairia:3

1 Wine Intitute, World Statistics, http://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/statistics 2 Wine Intitute, World Statistics, http://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/statistics 3 Rvinis erovnuli saagento, http://georgianwine.gov.ge/geo/

79

cxrili 4. kaxeTis regionSi gavrcelebuli Rvinoebi da yurZnis jiSebi

(arasruli CamonaTvali)1

Rvinis dasaxeleba yurZnis jiSi feri

winandali

rqawiTeli

cqriala moyviTalo

vazisubani moyviTalo Calisferi

nafareuli wiTeli mSrali

kardenaxi

mukuzani saferavi

muqi wiTeli

qinZmarauli Sindisferi

vaqirula hibridi - vaqirula mowiTalo, Sindisferi

venaxebis raodenoba pirdapir asaxavs qveynis potencials _ awarmoos yurZeni

da Rvino. msoflio venaxebis farTobebis mesamedi sam qveyanaze – espaneTze,

safrangeTsa da italiaze _ modis, xolo saqarTvelo venaxis msoflio farTobis

0.8%-s flobs. 2004 wlis aRweris monacemebiT, venaxis saerTo farTobma saqar-

TveloSi 48.0 aTasi ha Seadgina (1984 wels ki igive maCvenebeli 87.9 aTasi ha iyo).

oficialuri wyaroebiT monacemebis ar ganaxlebula, Tumca, 2006 wlis

monacemebiT, kaxeTis regionSi venaxebis farTobebi daaxloebiT 37.8 aTas ha-s

Seadgens (daaxloebiT mTliani farTobis 68%),2 maT Soris siRnaRSi 4.3 aTasi ha

2014 wels ki mxolod siRnaRSi arsebulma venaxis farTobma 2.9 aTasi ha Seadgina.

2007 wels dafiqsirda yurZnis warmoebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli – 227

aTasi tona. momdevno periodSi ganviTarda klebadi tendencia, 2011 wlidan yurZnis

warmoebam isev daiwyo mateba da 2013 wlisTvis Seadgina 223 aTasi tona,

miuaxlovda ra 2007 wlis maCvenebls. rac Seexeba yurZnis warmoebis regionul

ganawilebas, aq, Cven mier SerCeuli miznobrivi regioni – kaxeTi liderobs:3

Rvino saqarTvelosTvis erT-erTi yvelaze metad saeqsporto produqtia. unda

aRiniSnos, rom sazRvargareTis bazari saqarTvelosTvis arastabilur xasiaTs

atarebs. jer kidev 2006 wels yvelaze didi saeqsporto bazari – ruseTi

saqarTvelosTvis daixura, 2013 wels es SezRudva moixsna, ramac mniSvnelovanad

Secvala eqsportis geografia da moculoba: 2012 wels 43 qveyanaSi saqarTvelom 23

mln boTlze meti gayidaxolo 2013 wels 46 qveyanaSi 46.8 mln boTliT

ganaxorciela Rvinis eqsporti (ix. diagrama 2).

rac Seexeba 2014 wlis eqsportis statistikas ianvar-aprilis monacemebiT,

Rvinis eqsportma 26 qveynaSi 18 965 119 boTli Seadgina, rac 180%-iT aRemateba

wina wlis imave periodis analogiur maCvenebls.4

1 Rvinis erovnuli saagento http://goo.gl/GiRmbG, Rvinis sawarmo – marani http://goo.gl/Exe2OH 2 venaxebis farTobebis struqtura da yurZnis warmoebis done dinamikaSi, goo.gl/I7zWiz3 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, http://geostat.ge/ 4 Rvinis erovnuli saagento, http://georgianwine.gov.ge/geo/

80

diagrama 2. saqarTvelos yurZnis naturaluri Rvinoebis eqsport-importi,

(2014*: ianvari-aprili; logariTmuli masStabi 4, aTasi boTli)

Rvinis bazris mikrogaremos analizma aCvena, rom msxvili sawarmoebi venaxebis

farTobebis mxolod 10%-s floben, saojaxo meurneobebi ki 90%-s, saidanac 150

mcire da saSualo sawarmos saxiTaa warmodgenili, xolo danarCeni saojaxo meurne-

oba sakuTari moxmarebisTvis awarmoebs Rvinos.1

qarTul Rvinoze Sida da saeqsporto moTxovnebis analizma gviCvena, rom mniS-

vnelovania ori mTavari principis gaTvaliswineba: 1. saSinao bazarze samarTliani

konkurenciis damkvidreba; 2. saerTaSoriso bazris moTxovnebis mkacri dacva.2

saerTaSoriso bazarze qarTuli Rvinis dasamkvidreblad aucilebelia am pro-

duqtis konkurentunarianobis donis Sefaseba. konkurentunarianobis Sefasebam “ex-

post” da “ex-ante” meTodebiT3 gviCvena, rom qarTuli Rvino konkurentunariania.4 sa-

qarTvelos agrosasursaTo produqtebidan wlebis ganmavlobaSi Rvinis produqtebze

maRalia eqsportis SedarebiTi upiratesobis indeqsi (RXA). kerZod, es maCvenebeli

1992 wels iyo 26.4, 2011 wels ki 42.4, vaWrobis SedarebiTi upiratesobis indeqsma

Sesabamisad Seadgina 26.3 da 42.2.5

qarTuli Rvinis bazris analizisTvis Catarebuli kvlevis Sesabamisad, Sevafa-

seT konkurentuli garemo da diversifikaciis SesaZleblobebi mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis

seqtorSi, Sesabamisad, saqarTvelosa da, kerZod, kaxeTSi.

konkurentuli garemos Sefasebisas Rvinis kompaniebis wili sabazro da

Zalauflebis koncentraciis maCveneblebiT ganvsazRvreT. koncentraciis indeqsma

1 e. xaraiSvili, m. CavleiSvili, m. nacvalaZe, qarTuli Rvinis ganviTarebis tendenciebi da

perspeqtivebi, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - ICEMBIT 2014 : International Journal of Social, Menejment, Economics and Business Engineering Vol:8 No:10, 2014

2 E. Kharaishvili, M. Chavleishvili, Cluster Model for Development of Viticulture and Wine-Market in Georgia,saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia, baTumi, 2011, gv. 67.

3 Weindlmaier 1999, S. 2.4 e. xaraiSvili, f. mamardaSvili, saqarTvelos agraruli produqtebis konkurent-

unarianobis Sefaseba, Jurnali “ekonomika”, maisi, 2009.5 e. xaraiSvili, konkurenciisa da konkurentunarianobis problemebi saqarTvelos agrosa-

sursaTo seqtorSi, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 91-92.

1

16

256

4,096

65,536

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

yurZnis naturaluri Rvinoebi - eqsporti

yurZnis naturaluri Rvinoebi - importi

81

saSualod 0.5 Seadgina.1 Tumca unda iTqvas, rom indeqsi ver axasiaTebs SefardebiT

maCveneblebs, ris gamoc damatebiT gaviangariSeT herfindal-firSmanis indeqsi,

romelmac 0.012 Seadgina. maSasadame, saqarTveloSi Rvinis bazari monopolisturi

konkurenciis tipisaa. entropiis indeqsis gamoTvliT ki miviReT, rom igi 2.53

Seadgens. maSasadame, dabalia sabazro fasze mimwodebelTa zemoqmedeba.

sabazro wilebis UuTanabroba sxvadasxva mwarmoebel kompaniebs Soris umniS-

vneloa. aRniSnulis safuZvels gvaZlevs Rvinis kompaniebis sabazro wilebis

dispersiis maCveneblis analizi, kerZod, dispersia 0.004-iT ganisazRvra.

konkurentunarianobis analizma porteris almasis modelis gamoyenebiT Semdegi

daskvnebi gamoavlina:

yurZnis warmoebisTvis aucilebeli resursebi:

vazis gaSenebisTvis metad mniSvnelovania miwis nakveTi, mdebareoba da niadagis

struqtura. esa Tu is jiSi maRalefeqtiani mxolod konkretul mikrozonaSia,

sxvagan ki an ver xarobs an naklebmosavliania.

vazis seleqciuri warmoebis Semaferxebeli faqtoria ganuviTarebeli sanerge

meurneoba.

vazis daavadebebTan sabrZolvelad gamoiyeneba uxarisxo Sesawamli saSualebebi

da sxv.

moTxovnis pirobebis analizi:

Rvino qarTuli kuturis, tradiciebisa da yofis ganuyofeli nawilia. didi

raodenobis Rvinos yidian restornebi da barebi. farToa Rvinisa da

mwarmoeblis arCevani qselur supermarketebSi da specializebul Rvinis

maRaziebSic.

zogadad, qarTul Rvinos gaaCnia gamorCeuli saeqsporto potenciali. bolo

periodebSi izrdeba, rogorc eqsportis absoluturi maCveneblebi (moculobiT

da RirebulebiT gamosaxulebaSi), aseve qveynebis CamonaTvali. bunebrivia,

diversficirebuli saeqsporto bazrebi garkveul stabilurobis garants qmnis

mwarmoeblisTvis.

Sida bazris zrda savaraudoT ver moxdeba moxmarebis zrdis xarjze, Tumca,

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Sesabamisad Semosavlebis zrdis fonze SesaZloa

gaizardos moTxovna maRalxarisxian da Sesabamisad maRalfasian Rvinoebze.

monaTesave seqtoris analizi:mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis seqtors aqvs sakmaod didi diversifikaciis SesaZ-

leblobebi, romelic mxolod nawilobrivadaa aTvisebuli fermerebisa da sawarmoebis

mxridan.

arayi. arayi, rogorc wesi, Rvinis warmoebis Tanmdev produqts warmoadgens,

romelsac soflad TiTqmis yvela saojaxo meurneoba awarmoebs sakuTari

moxmarebisTvis, Tumca, sarealizaciod gankuTvnili produqtis wili

mniSvnelovani ar aris da eqspertuli SefasebiT 10%-s ar aWarbebs. aRniSnuli

aryisagan saojaxo meurneobebi aseve amzadeben koniaks.

1 kompaniebis mier gamoSvebuli Rvinisa da aseve, dasaqmebulTa monacemebi aRebulia sai-

tidan: www.geostat.ge

82

sufris yurZeni. calkeuli saojaxo meurneobebi da fermeruli meurneobebi

regionSi misdeven sufris yurZnis warmoebas. ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba

uxvmosavliani amerikuli yurZeni. sufris yurZnis fasi yvelaze dabalia

Semodgomaze da maragebis SemcirebasTan erTad matulobs.

yurZnis wveni. arsebobs ramdenime mwarmoebeli regionSi, romelic awarmoebs

yurZnis wvens. Tumca, aRniSnuli produqtis moculoba da Sesabamisad xvedriTi

wili realizaciis moculobaSi didi ar aris.

wipwis zeTi. yurZnis wipwisgan miiReba zeTi, romelic saqarTveloSi araa

popularuli, Tumca mas didi potenciali gaaCnia, maT Soris saeqsporto

bazrebze.

Rvinis turizmi. kaxeTis regionSi Rvinis turizmi sakmaod kargad aris gan-

viTarebuli.

konkurenciis analizi:

kaxeTis regionSi, rogorc saojaxo meurneobebi, aseve Rvinis gadamamuSavebeli

qarxnebi axali mosavlis miRebamde TiTqmis srulad axdenen wina wels miRebuli

mosavlis realizacias. amdenad, konkurencia bazarze mwarmoebelTa Soris arc Tu

ise maRalia.

aqtualur problemaTa Soris ganixileba qarTuli Rvinis diversifikacia. di-

versifikacia saqarTvelos Rvinis bazarze ar aris damokidebuli kompaniaTa masSta-

bebze. mcire masStabis kompaniebi diversifikacias iyeneben ZiriTadad gakotrebis

riskis an egzogenuri faqtorebiT gamowveuli zemoqmedebis Sesamcireblad, xolo

msxvili kompaniebi – finansuri resursebis momgebian dargebSi dasabandeblad.1

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis seqtorSi diversifikaciaze uSualod aris damokidebuli

Semosavlebis zrda da soflis mosaxleobis keTildReobis amaRleba. diversifikacia

mniSvnelovnad zrdis samuSao Zalis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebs da Sesabamisad

mwarmoeblurobas. am SesaZleblobebis dasadgenad viangariSeT yurZnis mosavlis

diversifikaciis indeqsi (DI): = / sadac aris mosavliani miwis farTobi.

imdenad, ramdenadac kvlevis obieqts siRnaRis municipaliteti warmodgens,

aRniSnuli indeqsi swored siRnaRis municipalitetis magaliTze ganisazRvra. unda

aRiniSnos gaangariSebebis sirTuleebis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, ar arsebobs 2004 wlis

aRweris monacemebis garda sxva oficialuri statistika, romelsac kvlevisTvis

gamoviyenebdiT. amdenad, gaangariSebul iqna 1990, 1995, 1998. 1999, 2000, 2005,

2013 wlebis DI (mosavlis diversifikaciis indeqsi) konkretulad siRnaRis munici-

palitetisTvis (siRnaRis gamgeobis mier mowodebuli informaciis safuZvelze).

gaTvlebma aCvena, rom kaxeTis regionSi es maCvenebeli dinamikaSi cvalebadia:

1 e. xaraiSvili, m. CavleiSvili, m. nacvalaZe, qarTuli Rvinis bazris ganviTarebis tendenciebi

da perspeqtivebi, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - ICEMBIT 2014 : International Journal of Social, Menagement, Economics and Business Engineering Vol:8 No:10, 2014

-

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inis turiz

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ia statist

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xurisa da

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nebeli cva

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lobas 20

s SemTxvev

lemebi, kerZ

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is TanamSr

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Rvinis

aris sta-

84


1. T. lazariaSvili, mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebis problemebi saqarTveloSi,

Tbilisi, 2007.

2. e. xaraiSvili, konkurenciisa da konkurentunarianobis problemebi saqarTvelos

agrosasursaTo seqtorSi, Tbilisi, 2011.

3. e. xaraiSvili, f. mamardaSvili, saqarTvelos agraruli produqtebis

konkurentunarianobis Sefaseba, Jurnali ,,ekonomika”, maisi, 2009.

4. e. xaraiSvili, fermerul meurneobaTa diversifikacia aRmosavleT evropisa da

centraluri aziis qveynebSi, Jurnali ekonomika da biznesi, #2, 2012.

5. E. Kharaishvili, M. Chavleishvili, M. Natsvaladze. Trends and Prospects for the Development ofGeorgian Wine Market, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - ICEMBIT 2014: International Journal of Social, Management, Economics and Business Engineering Vol: 8 No: 10, 2014.

6. E. Kharaishvili, Farm Diversification and the Corresponding Policy for its Implementation in Georgia,World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology - ICEMBIT 2015.

7. Cultures of the World Georgia. 2008.8. Weindlmaier 1999, S. 2.9. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, sasursaTo usafrTxoebis informacia,

http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=751&lang=geo

10. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, http://geostat.ge/

11. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, yurZnis balansi, www.geostat.ge

12. saqarTvelos agraruli universiteti, mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis instituti

http://agruni.edu.ge/ge/node/57813. qveynis ZiriTadi monacemebi da mimarTulebebi, 2015-2018 wlebi, saqarTvelos finansTa

saministro, http://www.mof.ge/BDD

14. venaxebis farTobebis struqtura da yurZnis warmoebis done dinamikaSi, goo.gl/I7zWiz15. Rvinis erovnuli saagento,http://georgianwine.gov.ge/geo/16. sainformacio-analitikuri portali, qarTuli Rvinis kompaniebi http://vinoge.com/qarTuli-

Rvinis-kompaniebi17. saqarTvelos mevenaxeoba da meRvineoba, http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki18. World’s grape production 200-2012; BKWine Magazine; http://www.bkwine.com19. Wine Institute, World Statistics, http://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/statistics

Ana Kemularia Mariam Jibuti Shota Jibuti

Competition Analysis of Georgian Wine Market and Diversification Opportunities

Abstract

The article covers the trends of development of international and Georgian wine markets. There is analyzed the production capacity and trading potential of Georgian wine according to the regions, and considered the problems of diversification in the field.

There is evaluated the micro and macro environment of Georgian wine market, also it’s calculated and analyzed the diversification index of grape harvest on the example of Sighnaghi Municipality.

The concept involves correlation between diversification and employment rates. There is highlighted the trend of use of the labor force during the diversification case. Based on the diversification of the competition and production, there is developed recommendation for the development of viticulture and wine-making sector.

85

informacia konferenciis monawileTa Sesaxeb

Information about conference participants

plenaruli sxdomis monawileni

1. vladimer papava, Tsu-is reqtori2. iuval fuqsi, israelis elCi saqarTveloSi

3. Teimuraz beriZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis dekani4. daviT janikaSvili, siRnaRis municipalitetis gamgebeli5. robert albini, filosofiis doqtori, sapiris koleji, israeli

6. hila bari, giSotis menejmentis kolejis aRmasrulebeli direqtori, israeli

7. aharon gagulaSvili, firma `netafim-saqarTvelos~ direqtori, israeli

8. vaxtang gogalaZe, firma `netafim-saqarTvelos~ marketingis menejeri, israeli

9. oqsana riabCenko, ukrainis bioresursebis da bunebaTsargeblobis universitetis

profesori

10. giorgi SixaSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asocirebuli profesori,

studentur centr ìdeas~ direqtori

konferenciis monawile studentebi

(bakalavriati, magistratura, doqtorantura)

1. nestan abramiSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa

da proeqtebis centri ìdea~

2. irakli axalaZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da

proeqtebis centri ìdea~, Cikagos universiteti - aSS

3. Tornike beriZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da

proeqtebis centri ìdea~

4. guram bolqvaZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


5. Sorena gogiZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


6. lia goderZiSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa


7. maqsim dibrova, ukrainis bioresursebis da bunebaTsargeblobis universiteti

8. Tengiz TaqTaqiSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi

kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri ìdea~

9. tariel zarandia, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa


10. giorgi kalaijiSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi


11. nika kaxiZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


12. ana kemularia, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da

proeqtebis centri ìdea~,soxumis universiteti

86

13. qeTevan korZaZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


14. mariam laSxi, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


15. gela maxaraZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


16. nana maisuraZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


17. irakli murcxvalaZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi


18. oleqsandr riabCenko, ukrainis bioresursebis da bunebaTsargeblobis universiteti

19. julieta oqromWedliSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi


20. sandro sanikiZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


21. irakli svaniZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


22. TaTia sosiaSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa

da proeqtebis centri ìdea

23. levan tefnaZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da

proeqtebis centri ìdea

24. nodar qitiaSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa


25. irakli Sengelia, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa


26. levan SuRliaSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi


27. giorgi cucqiriZe, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa


28. zaqaria wiTlauri, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa

da proeqtebis centri ìdea~, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis

saxelobis qarTuli universiteti

29. vaxtang Waraia, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


30. nino xarisTvalaSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi


31. iulia janaSvili, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa

da proeqtebis centri ìdea~, israelis moqalaqe

32. mariam jibuti, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


33. SoTa jibuti, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da


87

Participants of the plenary session

1. Vladimer Papava, Rector of TSU2. Yuval Fuchs, Ambassador of Israel in Georgia3. Teimuraz Beridze, Dean of Faculty of Economics and Business TSU4. Davit Janikashvili, Head of Signagi Municipality5. Robert Albit, Ph.D, Sapir College, Israel6. Hila Bar,CEO, Gishot’s College for management, Israel7. Aharon Gagulashvili, Director, Firm Netafim-Georgia, Israel8. Vakhtang Gogaladze, Marketing Manager, Firm Netafim-Georgia, Israel9. Oksana Ryabchenko, Professor, National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine

10. Giorgi Shikhashvili, Associate professor, Faculty of Economics and Business TSU, Director ofStudent Research and Project Center IDEA

Participant students of the conference (bachelors, masters, doctoral students)

1. Nestan Abramishvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics andBusiness TSU

2. Irakli Akhaladze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and BusinessTSU, Chicago University - USA

3. Tornike Beridze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and BusinessTSU

4. Guram Bolkvadze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and BusinessTSU

5. Maksym Dibrova, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine6. Vakhtang Charaia, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU7. Lia Goderdzishvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU8. Shorena Gogidze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU9. Yulia Janashvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU. Citizen of Israel10. Mariam Jibuti, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU11. Shota Jibuti, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business TSU12. Giorgi Kalaijishvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU13. Nika Kakhidze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU14. Ana Kemularia, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU, Sokhumi University15. Nino Kharistvalashvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU16. Nodar Kitiashvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU

88

17. Ketevan Kordzadze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics andBusiness TSU

18. Mariam Lashkhi, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and BusinessTSU

19. Gela Makharadze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and BusinessTSU

20. Nana Maisuradze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and BusinessTSU

21. Irakli Murtskhvaladze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics andBusiness TSU

22. Julieta Okromchedlishvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics andBusiness TSU

23. Oleksandr Ryabchenko, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine24. Sandro Sanikidze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU25. Irakli Shengelia, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU26. Levan Shugliashvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU27. Tatia Sosiashvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU28. Irakli Svanidze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU29. Tengiz Taktakishvili, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU30. Levan Tepnadze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU31. Zakaria Tsitlauri, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU, St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University of the Patriarchate of Georgia32. Giorgi Tsutskiridze, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and

Business TSU33. Tariel Zarandia, Student Research and Project Center IDEA, Faculty of Economics and Business

TSU

89

Sinaarsi / Contents

konferenciis saorganizacio komiteti.......................................................................................................................... 3

konferenciis organizatorTa sakontaqto koordinatebi ............................................................................... 4

Organizing Committee of the Conference .................................................................................................... 5 Contacts of conference organizers ............................................................................................................. 6 saredaqcio kolegia/Editorial Board ....................................................................................................... 7 samuSao jgufi/Working group ................................................................................................................. 8

mimarTvebi da moxsenebebi plenarul sxdomaze

Addresses and presentations on plenary session

vladmier papava

mimarTva konferenciis monawileebs ................................................................................................................................. 9

Vladimer Papava Address to Conference Participants ........................................................................................................... 10

Yuval Fuchs

Address to Conference Participants ........................................................................................................... 11 iuval fuqsi

mimarTva konferenciis monawileebs ................................................................................................................................ 11

Teimuraz beriZe

Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis

centr `ideas~ saqmianoba israelis…ekonomikis kvlevis sferoSi .............................................................. 12

Teimuraz Beridze

Activities of the Student Research and Project Center “IDEA” at TSU Faculty of Economics and Business in the Research Field of Israel’s Economy .................................................................................... 13

daviT janikaSvili

soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi siRnaRis municipalitetSi ....................................... 14

Davit Janikashvili

The Perspectives of Agricultural Development in Signagi Municipality ..................................................... 19

Aharon Gagulashvili, Vakhtang Gogaladze, Robert Albin

Netafim Georgia - Provider of Agribusiness Recent Technologies ............................................................. 20 aharon gagulaSvili, vaxtang gogalaZe, robert albini

`netafim-saqarTvelo~ _ agrobiznesis uaxlesi teqnologiebis mimwodebeli ................................... 22

90

Oksana Ryabchenko, Maksym Dibrova, Oleksandr Ryabchenko

Globalisation, Market Commitment and Internationalization in Agriculture: Theoretical Approaches Review ................................................................................................................. 23 oqsana riabCenko, maqsim dibrova, oleqsandr riabCenko

globalizacia, sabazro valdebuleba da internacionalizacia soflis meurneobaSi:

Teoriuli midgomebis mimoxilva ..................................................................................................................................... 28

giorgi SixaSvili, nodar qitiaSvili

israelis miwaTsargeblobis bibliuri aspeqtebi ................................................................................................. 29

Giorgi Shikhashvili, Nodar Kitiashvili

The Biblical Aspects of Israel’s Land Use .................................................................................................... 32

studentebis moxsenebebi

Students’ presentations

nestan abramiSvili, irakli svaniZe, levan tefnaZe, iulia janaSvili

saxelmwifo programebis roli soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaSi (saqarTvelosa da

israelis magaliTze) .............................................................................................................................................................. 33

Nestan Abramishvili, Irakli Svanidze, Levan Tepnadze, Yulia Janashvili

The Role of Government Programs in Agricultural Development (on the example of Georgia and Israel) ................................................................................................................................................... 39

irakli axalaZe, mariam laSxi, gela maxaraZe, giorgi cucqiriZe

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTarebis gzebi kaxeTis regionSi ....................................................................... 40

Irakli Akhaladze, Mariam Lashkhi, Gela Makharadze, Giorgi Tsutskiridze

The Development Ways of Viticulture and Wine-Growing in Kakheti Region ........................................... 44

Tornike beriZe, giorgi kalaijiSvili, julieta oqromWedliSvili, zaqaria wiTlauri

sairigacio da sasaTbure meurneobebis ganviTareba saqarTvelosa da israelSi .............................. 45

Tornike Beridze, Giorgi Kalaijishvili, Julietta Oqromchedlishvili, Zakaria Tsitlauri

Development of Irrigation and Greenhouse Farms in Georgia and Israel .................................................. 51

guram bolqvaZe, Sorena gogiZe, sandro sanikiZe, levan SuRliaSvili

agraruli urTierTobani da maTi ganviTarebis safexurebi ............................................................................ 52

Guram Bolkvadze, Shorena Gogidze, Sandro Sanikidze, Levan Shugliashvili

Agrarian Relations and Stages of their Development ................................................................................. 56

lia goderZiSvili,Nnana maisuraZe, irakli murcxvalaZe, TaTia sosiaSvili

agrobiznesi da misi resursuli potenciali saqarTveloSi ......................................................................... 57

Lia Goderdzishvili, Nana Maisuradze, Irakli Murtskhvaladze, Tatia Sosiashvili

Agribusiness and its Resource Potential in Georgia ................................................................................... 62

tariel zarandia, Tengiz TaqTaqiSvili, qeTevan korZaZe, nino xarisTvalaSvili

qarTveli mevenaxeebis perspeqtivebi evrokavSiris bazarze ............................................................................ 63

Tariel Zarandia, Tengiz Taktakishvili, Ketevan Kordzadze, Nino Kharistvalashvili

Perspectives of Georgian Grape Growers on EU Market ........................................................................... 69

nika kaxiZe, irakli Sengelia, vaxtang Waraia

mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis ganviTareba israelSi ......................................................................................................... 70

Nika Kakhidze, Irakli Shengelia, Vakhtang Charaia

The Development of Viticulture and Winemaking in Israel ........................................................................ 75

ana kemularia, mariam jibuti, SoTa jibuti

qarTuli Rvinis bazris konkurenciis analizi da diversifikaciis SesaZleblobebi ................... 76

Ana Kemularia, Mariam Jibuti, Shota Jibuti

Competition Analysis of Georgian Wine Market and Diversification Opportunities .................................. 84

plenaruli sxdomis monawileni ...................................................................................................................................... 85

konferenciis monawile studentebi .............................................................................................................................. 85

Participants of the plenary session ............................................................................................................. 87 Participant students of the conference ...................................................................................................... 87

daibeWda Tsu gamomcemlobis stambaSi

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