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FIGURE 8

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Grasslands

Conservation Area

Grasslands

Conservation Area

Burringiri Centre

Canberra National Arboretum

Roman Cypress

Hill

Yarramundi Inlet

Yarramundi Reach

Rowing

Course

N

0 100m

DESIGN

CONCEPT 1EVERGREEN EUCALYPTS

EXOTIC EVERGREEN CONIFERS

FORESHORE PLANTING

EXOTIC EVERGREENS

EXOTIC DECIDUOUS

EXOTIC DECIDUOUS

EXOTIC DECIDUOUS

EXISTING VEGETATION

RETAINED

ROADS

BOARDWALK

PATHS

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12

Relocated access road to new intersection. Route

along ridge.

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adjacent to grasslands.

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Student WorkMolonglo ValleyUrban PlanningUniversity of Canberra2007

woodlandsTwo different woodland communities exist

within the valley, The endangered Yellow

Box Red Gum Grassy Woodland ecological

community and partially modified lowland

woodland. Much of the site also contains

severely modified woodland where only a

few scattered trees remain above exotic

pasture. The dominant tree species in the

woodlands are Yellow Box Eucalyptus

melliodora, Blakelys Red Gum Eucalyptus

blakelyi and Apple Box Eucalyptus

bridgesiana. Under story vegetation

consists of tussock grasses, herbs and

shrubs. The woodlands are interspersed

with temperate grasslands at lower

elevations and sclerophyll forest at higher

elevations. The remaining clusters of

intact woodland and moderately disturbed

woodland are important to landscape and

ecological integrity of the site.

riverine woodlandMuch of the riverine woodland along the Lower Molonglo

River was burnt in the 2003 bushfires. Two separate

ecological communities occurred, Callitris endlicheri

Tableland Woodland (Black Cyprus Pine) and Casuarina

cunninghamiana Tableland Riparian Woodland (River

She-oak). A remnant of both communities remains intact

along the Murrumbidgee River below the junction with

the Molonglo River.

The Tableland woodlands naturally occurs in steeper

valley areas on hot, dry slopes. Natural plant

associations in this community include Callitris

endlicheri and Eucalyptus blakelyi, Callitris endlicheri,

Eucalyptus macrorhyncha and Eucalyptus bridgesiana

or Eucalyptus melliodora. However, the major canopy

species Callitris endlicheri did not survive the fires,

and there is no recorded sapling regrowth with in the

site.

The range of birds, mammals,

reptiles, amphibians and

invertebrates in the site

extensive. Several endangered

and threatened species inhabit

the area including the pink-tailed

worm lizard, the golden sun

moth, the little eagle, the brown

tree creeper and the diamond

firetail.

The ridge and gully formations within the valley are

sloped in various directions. As the major ridgelines

forming the valley walls run north-west to south-east,

the slopes are run down towards the valley floor

in a north-west to south-east formation. Slopes to

the north of the site are exposed to the south-west,

slopes on the eastern edge of the site mostly face

west. The topography is such that areas of the valley

fall in shadow for much of the day in winter.

The site is bounded by William Hovell Drive to the

North, Cotter Road to the South and is bisected by

Coppins Crossing Road at Coppins Crossing. These

main roads would provide trunk access routes to any

new development. a new north/south distributer road

would need to be developed to carry an increased

traffic load. The site is also well connected to all

utility services. Bulk water supply, sewer mains,

electricity lines and gas lines run over the site and

service reservoirs and electricity substations are at

site boundaries.

Tableland Riparian Woodland occurs along the river edges

between normal water levels and maximum flood levels.

grassland and pasture Temperate Native Grassland occurs at elevations below

625m above sea level as cold air drainage inhibits tree

growth to less than 10% tree cover. Dominant species

in this community include perennial tussock grasses

Themeda triandra, Austrodanthonia species, Austrostipa

species, Bothriochloa macra and Poa species. Degradation

results in lower species richness and loss of habitat for

native wildlife. Near the study area, important grassland

communities are present around Glenloch Interchange

and Yarramundi Reach. Within the Lower Molonglo site,

grasslands range from moderately modified to destroyed

and have been mostly replaced with pasture. Temperate

native grasslands would once have been a dominant ecotype

at lower elevations.

The topography consists of gently undulating hillsides

and steeper river gullies. Hillsides rise and fall with

a series of ridges and gullies running down towards

the valley floor. The Eastern edge of the site, north

of Western Creek is less steeply sloped, with wide, flat

expanses or flood plains at the foot of Mt. Stromlo.

At the Western edge down-stream of the site, around

the Molonglo Water Treatment Plant, the site is steeper

with a more incised river valley floor.

The Molonglo River winds through the valley fed by

a network of small streams and drainage lines from

surrounding slopes and gullies. Small dams and

waterholes dot the landscape. Surface water quality

is reported by the ACT Government to be extremely

impaired.

topography and hydrology roads and access

landuse slope and shade

views and screens urban capable

2330ha of land is deemed as urban capable. Urban

capable land is designated by Canberras planning

frameworks which prohibits building on hills and

ridges. The urban capable land is also confined to

flatter areas of the site. These restrictions isolate

the urban development in Molonglo within the lower

valley areas, and separate the development from

neighbouring Belconnen and Weston Creek.

The valley is bounded to the North, East and South

by the prominent ridgelines associated with Mt Painter

and The Pinnacle, Dairy Farmers Hill and Mt Stromlo.

The ridges are a visual and physical separation between

Molonglo and Civic, Belconnen and Weston Creek.

Primary views into the site are of undulating pasture

land with an incised river gully. Views from the site

are framed by the surrounding hills and ridgelines,

with Black Mountain in the background to the North

East, and the Brindabella Ranges to the South and

West.

The Lower Molonglo Valley currently has a mix of

pastoral and designated areas, the river corridor

and hills, ridges and buffers. Fire damaged former

pine plantations are either being replanted or used

for recreation as the Stromlo Park cycle way or the

new Arboretum. Heritage value of the site includes

natural, European and Indigenous sites. Huntley

is heritage listed pastoral property, Kama and The

Pinnacle region is heritage listed for natural habitat

and environment, and many Indigenous heritage sites

are scattered throughout the valley.

FAUNA

FLORA

PERUNGA GRASSHOPPER

GOLDEN SUN MOTH

PINK-TAILED WORM LIZARD

AMPHIBIANS

BATS AND ARBOREAL MAMMALS

WOODLAND BIRDS

UNCOMMON WOODLAND BIRDS

UNCOMMON RAPTORS

BIRDS OF PREY

PLATYPUS

GROUND DWELLING MARSUPIALS

AND MAMMALS

BIRDSUp to twelve species of raptors use the steep riparian

zones as nesting sites. The diversity of riparian

vegetation, scattered woodland, grassland and open

pasture makes the site an ideal hunting ground for

birds of prey.

Woodland birds including robins, warblers and martins

are predominantly insectivorous or nectareous species.

Most of these species occur in woodlands with an intact

grassy story. Habitat loss would result in the loss of

bird species in the site.

BATS AND ARBOREAL MAMMALSbats and aboreal mammals inhabit woodland and

riparian vegetation. ring tail and brushtail possums,

and sugar and squirrel gliders utilise suitable tracts

of vegetation for feeding, shelter and breeding and

often need substantial areas of woodland and riparian

vegetation for viable populations.

GROUND DWELLING MAMMALS AND

MARSUPIALSgrey kangaroos, wallaroos and wallabies tend to range

through woodland, pasture and grassland and riparian

woodland habitats. antechinus, dunnarts, bush rats,

water rats and echidnas rely on intact ground story

vegetation cover. Loss of tree habitat and encroaching

suburbs are threats to mammals in the site, although none

of the mammals are listed as threatened in the ACT.

REPTILESSeveral species of snakes, many lizards (geckos, skinks,

monitors and dragons), legless lizards and turtles occur

within the site. Over 41 species of lizard occur in the

ACT region, their abundances vary geographically. Most

skinks and geckos inhabit rocky habitat with fallen logs,

leaf litter and grass tussocks.

AMPHIBIANSFrogs inhabit wetter areas of woodland and riparian

woodland areas near water that is shallow, still or slow

flowing. Habitat includes rocks, leaf litter, logs and thick

grass for shelter.

MICRO AND MACRO INVERTEBRATES90% of biodiversity within habitats are invertebrates.

Not greatly studied, it is recognised that invertebrates

provide invaluable services within ecological communities

through pollination, breakdown of dead material and

as a food source. Invertebrates are more abundant with

greater species richness in areas with mature trees and

well developed groundcover with leaf litter, good plant

cover, logs and branches.

yellow box red gum grassy woodland

modified woodland

native grassland

tableland dry tussock grassland

tableland shrubland

casuriana tableland riparian woodland

callitris tableland woodland

tableland grassy woodland

pine forest

pasture

100 year flood 10m contours major roads

fire trails and dirt tracks

mt

painter

the pinnacle

dairy farm-

ers hill

mt stromlo

uriarra rd

coppins

crossing rd

william

hovell dr

mt

painter

the pinnacle

dairy farm-

ers hill

mt stromlo

mt

painter

the pinnacle

dairy farm-

ers hill

mt stromlo

mt

painter

the pinnacle

dairy farm-

ers hill

mt stromlo

mt

painter

the pinnacle

dairy farm-

ers hill

mt stromlo

mt painter

the pinnacle

dairy farmers hill

mt stromlo

murrumbidgee

rivermolonglo river

belconnen

inner southweston creek

river corridor

broadacre

designated land

urban areas

central national area

slope 21 - 40%

slope 11 - 20%

slope 0 - 10%

afternoon shade

future urban capable

existing urban

promanent views

hillside screens

minor peaks

major peaks

lower molonglo valleya focus on biodiversity in urban canberra

university of canberra landscape architecture jennifer witheridge 2007 sheet 5 OF 6

parkland

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URBAN INTERFACE

PATH

HIGH USE AREA

SECLUDED AREAS

WETLANDS

VEGETATION

BUFFER

OPEN SPACE

DENSE PLANT-

ING

MEDIUM USE

AREA

EXISTING PINE FOREST

GRASSLAND

FUTURE TABLELAND

RIPARIAN WOODLAND

FUTURE GRASSY

WOODLAND

FUTURE TABLELAND

WOODLAND

EXISTING C. CUNNINGHA-

MIANA STANDS

EXISTING MODIFIED WOODLAND

EXPOSED AREAS

HAZARDOUS AREAS

SAND BANK

STEEP SLOPES

GOOD RIVER

ACCESS

FLAT AREAS

SHADY IN SUM-

MER

ARBORETUM

URBAN DEVEL-

OPMENT

SHADY IN SUMMER POTENTIAL VIEW-

SHEDS

GROUP CENTRE

CONCEPTVEGETATION MATRIXANALYSIS

MASTERPLAN

SUCCESSION IN WOODLANDS

NATIVE GRASSLANDS

TABLELAND RIPARIAN

WOODLAND

TABLELAND WOODLAND

GRASSY WOODLAND

OPEN SPACE GRASSY AR-

EAS

WETLANDS

CREEKS

SANDY BANKS, SECONDARY

OPEN SPACE

PLAZA

AMPHITHEATRE

PLAYGROUNDS

ENTRANCES

PAVED BBQ AREAS

MAJOR PATHS

DECIDUOUS TREE SCREEN-

ING

FOOTBRIDGE

RETAINING WALLS

RIPARIAN WALK

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Uneven aged canopy with an open under-story.

Some young eucalypts form a sparse mid-story.

Fire causes death or dieback of some large trees

creating gaps in the canopy. Under-story is

renewed with shoots from corms, rhizomes, tubers

and seed bank. Some trees will re-sprout with

epicormic shoots.

New seedlings establish below gaps in canopy.

Fast growing under-story species form a thick

ground and mid-story.

Some trees mature and seedlings fill in gaps in

the canopy. Species compete for dominance in

ground and mid-stories through suppression and

persistence.

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woodland character changes over time as species compete for dominance and disruption events occur

Student WorkStudio/Fieldwork JournalUrban StudioUniversity of Edinburgh2010

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