OutlineHistory of Japan-Russia RelationPolitical RelationsCultural RelationsEconomic RelationsLatest News & ExpectationsConclusionQ&A Session

The beginning of Japan-Russia RelationsFirst contacts were not successfulPutiatin missionTreaty of Shimoda – first official treaty

between Russia and Japan – beginning of relations (February, 7 (25.01) 1855)

Treaty fo St. Petersburg – May, 7 (25.04) 1875

BACKGROUND. Russian Expansion into the Far EastStarted in 1860s – Tsushima Island

• Short-lived victory

BACKGROUND. Russian Expansion into the Far East

Dispute over Sakhalin

• 1875 – Japan surrenders S. in return to Kuril: 1) Russia closer to Japan 2) Search of warm ports

BACKGROUND. Triple InterventionWhat: Treaty of Shimonoseki concluded the

Sino-Japanese WarWho: Russia, France and Germany

intervened into the TreatyWhy: 1) Maintenance of the peace in the

Orient; 2) Liaodong Peninsula was given to Japan -

>>> Port Arthur;

BACKGROUND. Triple Intervention

BACKGROUND. Trans-Siberian RailwayConstruction began on 31 May, 1891 to

revitalize the Port of VladivostokMilitary necessityCassini Convention between Russia and

China granted Russia the rights to build railways in Manchuria

BACKGROUND. Trans-Siberian Railway

BACKGROUND. Port of ArthurCassini Convention: China failed to meet

economic requirements1898: 25-lease agreement of Port ArthurResult: Russia acquired the territory lost by

Japan in Sino-Japanese War

BACKGROUND. Occupation of ManchuriaBoxer Rebellion in China, 1901GB, RUS, JP, FR, US, GR troops in ManchuriaOccupation on September 30Russia placed list of demands to China for

evacuation

BACKGROUND. Conflict over Korea1899-1901: Russians occupied ManchuriaRussia interfered over Liaodong PeninsulaRussian Empire seeking warm-water port

Anxiety of Japan about Russia presence.1903: Japan tried to negotiate: Manchuria for

KoreaRussia refused to agree

6 Feb. 1904: Japan recalled ambassador8 Feb.: Japan declared war.16 Feb. 1904: Russia declared war

Declaration of WarFebruary 8, 1904: official declaration of war

by RussiaInformal declaration of war by JapanNative Manchurians joined the war on both

sides as hired troops

MAJOR BATTLES: Port Arthur

• Main battle on the next day• Result: inconclusive for both sides

Surprise attack on Russian ships on February 8, 1904

MAJOR BATTLES: Battle of Mukden• 270,000 forces each side• 90,000 Russian casualties• 70,000 Japanese casualties• 3 weeks of clashes and the withdraw of Russian troops to the North

MAJOR BATTLES: Battle of Mukden

MAJOR BATTLES: Battle of TsushimaVice-Admiral Rozhenstvenskyi vs. Admiral

TogoRussian Baltic fleet/Second Pacific Squadron

(Oct 1904-May 1905)Dogger Banks incidentVladivostokRussians lost 21 ships and 4300 sailors.

MAJOR BATTLES: Battle of Tsushima

ResultsTreaty of Portsmouth

5 September 1905Japan: south Sakhalin, Korea, Port ArthurRussia: evacuate Manchuria (but no indemnity)

Casualties:Japanese dead: 80,000 (in combat 47,000; of

disease 33,000)Russian dead: 70,000Russia lost reputation as Great Power

Further after war resultsJapanese were dissatisfied with the Peace

Treaty due to the less territories received (Sakhalin, Vladivostok)

“Treaty of Portsmouth”-success for RussiaRussia did not pay reparations

Kuril Islands dispute

GeographyThe chain of 56 islands streching 1,270 km

from Kamchatka to HokkaidoTotal area: 15,600 sq. kmPopulation: around 17,000. Russians, Ainus

and othersDisputed area: 4,640 sq. km with exclusive

economic zone of 196,000 sq.kmThe most disputed islands: Kunashiri and

Etorofu

Why it is important?Strategicly important position Natural Resources Possibility of developing different industries

Key events1855-Treaty of Shimoda 1875 –Treaty Of Saint Petersburg1905- Treaty of Porstsmouth1945- World War Two1951- San Francisco Peace Treaty 1956- The Soviet-Japanese Treaty21 century cooperation

Predictions and Expectations Exellent Cultural RelationsEconomic cooperationsPolitical doubtsTerritorial dispuets

Relations status during the various timeRe-establishing Economic Relations between

Russia and Japan after the Russo-Japanese War

The 1907 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation

Soviet Union & Japan ( almost no any economic relations)

1992 Establishment of new relations between Russian federation and Japan

Current situation Japan is ninth Russia's trading partner at

global level Russian exports to Japan (over 98% of the total

volume) consist of crude oil; LNG; oil products; unprocessed aluminum; black coal, etc.

Major imports from Japan (84.7%) are automobiles; trucks; auto parts; construction equipment; printing equipment; radio and television equipment; medical and power-generation equipment, etc.

Japan's cumulative direct investment in the Russian economy was 10.7 billion U.S. dollars (2012)

About 270 Japanese companies work successfully in the Russian market

Russia's business presence in Japan is still insignificant.

Mutual investments (1 bln $ 2012)

FUTURE Russia-Japan Investment Forum “Opening

new areas for Russian-Japanese investment cooperation (already 6th forums took place)

More forums in future directed to further development of economic cooperation.

Russian-Japanese cultural ties Russian literature in Japan

The debut of Japanese theatre in Russia

Sergey Mikhailovich Eisenstein (1898-1948) Soviet Russian film director and film theorist

The characters who influenced the culture between Russia and JapanAlexey Novikov-Priboy(1877-1944)Ethnic Russian writerThe author of well known novel“Tshushima” (in Japanese under the name "Destruction of the Baltic squadron”)Akira Kurosawa (1910-1998) Japanese film director, screenwriter, producer

The Japanese culture in RussiaThe Kabuki Theatre ( 歌舞伎 )-is a classical Japanese dance-drama

The Japanese culture in RussiaHaiku Poetry ( 俳句 )-is a very short form of Japanese poetry

The Japanese culture in RussiaArt Ikebana (| 生け花 )-is the Japanese art of flower arrangement, also known as kadō ( 花道 ) “The Way of Flowers”

The Japanese culture in RussiaTea Ceremony ( 茶の湯 ) is a

Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of powdered green tea, also known as chadō ( 茶道 ) “The Way of Tea”

Cultural-Humanitarian cooperationThe 8th Festival of Russian culture in Japan- Traditionally, the festival runs from January to December, and in almost all prefectures in Japan.

Japan imposes sanctions against Russia

Cultural relationsFestival of Russian culture in JapanFirst held in 2006Music concertsArt exhibitionsBallet and folk dance perfomances

Economic relationsJapan is ninth larger importer of Russian goods (oil, gas,

metals, coal, and timber)In 2012 the trade between countries reached 33.5 billion

$Japan is top 10 investors in Russia with 10,7 billion $, 270

companies work in Russia.

Questions:The Haiku poetry: How much syllables Traditional Haiku has?