kingdom animalia phylum cnidaria. characteristics radial or biradial symmetry radial or biradial...
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Kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaAnimalia
Phylum Phylum CnidariaCnidaria
CharacteristicsCharacteristics Radial or biradial symmetryRadial or biradial symmetry Diploblastic organizationDiploblastic organization Mesoglea between epidermis Mesoglea between epidermis
and gastrodermisand gastrodermis Gastrovascular cavityGastrovascular cavity Nerve netNerve net Cnidocytes – used in defense Cnidocytes – used in defense
and feedingand feeding
Reproduction/Life Reproduction/Life CycleCycle
Can be monoecious or Can be monoecious or dioeciousdioecious
Alternate generations Alternate generations between polyp and medusa between polyp and medusa formform
Polyp – asexual and sessilePolyp – asexual and sessile Medusa – dioecious and Medusa – dioecious and
free swimmingfree swimming
Reproduction Reproduction Cont’dCont’d
Planula – Cnidaria larvaePlanula – Cnidaria larvae Polyps are produced by Polyps are produced by
budding or planulabudding or planula Medusae formed by Medusae formed by
budding from a polyp body budding from a polyp body wallwall
FeedingFeeding Use cnidocytes to stun or Use cnidocytes to stun or
kill preykill prey Tentacles contract to Tentacles contract to
bring food to mouthbring food to mouth Food is digested in Food is digested in
gastrovascular cavitygastrovascular cavity
Support and Support and LocomotionLocomotion
Hydrostatic SkeletonHydrostatic Skeleton Some classes have Some classes have
longitudinal muscles that longitudinal muscles that aid in movementaid in movement
Polyps – somersault, Polyps – somersault, inchworm, glide on base, inchworm, glide on base, and walk on their tentaclesand walk on their tentacles
Medusae – swim and floatMedusae – swim and float
ClassificationClassification Class HydrozoaClass HydrozoaClass ScyphozoaClass ScyphozoaClass CubozoaClass CubozoaClass AnthozoaClass Anthozoa
Class HydrozoaClass Hydrozoa Mostly marine, but the only Mostly marine, but the only
class with freshwater class with freshwater members!members!
Alternate generationsAlternate generations Mostly colonial polypsMostly colonial polyps
ObeliaObelia Gastrozooid – feeding polyp Gastrozooid – feeding polyp
formed from planula larvaeformed from planula larvae Grows through budding into Grows through budding into
more gastrozooidsmore gastrozooids Gonozooid – reproductive Gonozooid – reproductive
polyp that forms medusa by polyp that forms medusa by buddingbudding
Medusae then reproduce Medusae then reproduce sexuallysexually
Gonozooid
Gastrozooid
GonionemusGonionemus Medusa predominantMedusa predominant Has a velum (shelf-like lip Has a velum (shelf-like lip
that projects inward)that projects inward) Velum creates jet propulsionVelum creates jet propulsion Mouth at end of a manubriumMouth at end of a manubrium Nerve ring that coordinates Nerve ring that coordinates
swimming movementsswimming movements Statocyst – responds to gravityStatocyst – responds to gravity
HydraHydra FreshwaterFreshwater Polyps only, Polyps only,
no medusaeno medusae Testes form Testes form
sperm by sperm by meiosismeiosis
Ovaries Ovaries form one form one egg eachegg each
PhysaliaPhysalia Portuguese Portuguese
man-of-warman-of-war ColonialColonial Cannot swimCannot swim Cnidocytes in Cnidocytes in
tentacles are tentacles are lethal to small lethal to small vertebrates and vertebrates and dangerous to dangerous to humanshumans
Class ScyphozoaClass Scyphozoa All marineAll marine ““True Jellyfish” – medusa True Jellyfish” – medusa
dominantdominant
Stinging Nettle, Stinging Nettle, MastigiasMastigias
AureliaAurelia Gastrodermal cells have Gastrodermal cells have
cilia to circulate foodcilia to circulate food Feeds on planktonFeeds on plankton Rhopalia – chemoreceptorsRhopalia – chemoreceptors Lappets – touch receptorsLappets – touch receptors Statocysts – gravity Statocysts – gravity
sensorssensors Ocelli - photoreceptorsOcelli - photoreceptors
Class CubozoaClass Cubozoa Medusae Medusae
are cuboidalare cuboidal Polyps are Polyps are
reduced or reduced or absentabsent
Tentacles Tentacles hang from hang from cornerscorners
Class AnthozoaClass Anthozoa Polyps only, no medusaePolyps only, no medusae Mouth has a pharynxMouth has a pharynx Gastrovascular cavity is Gastrovascular cavity is
divided into sectionsdivided into sections Sexual and asexual Sexual and asexual
reproductionreproduction
Sea AnemonesSea Anemones
CoralsCorals