Kingdom

Plantae

Main Characteristics

1. Cells contain a nucleus

2. Make their own food

3. Cells contain a cell wall

4. Multicellular

5. Can not move from place to place

Plant Kingdom

Nonvascular Vascular

mosses and liverwortsproduce seeds NOT produce seeds

fernshorsetails

club mossescones

(Gymnosperms)

flowers

(Angiosperms)

Pine trees, evergreens

can be

such as may

such asin

such ascan beMonocot Dicot

Types of Plants1. Nonvascular Plants

2. Vascular Plants

• Do NOT have conducting tissue (pipes) to transport water and nutrients.

• These plants are small and use diffusion and osmosis to move materials.

Examples: mosses and liverworts

• Contain conducting tissue (pipes) to deliver needed materials throughout the plant.

• Vascular plants can be any size

Types of Vascular Plants1. Plants without seeds.

2. Plants with seeds.

• Help form soil and prevent erosion

Examples: ferns, horsetails and club mosses

• Have a two part life cycle

• sporophyte - produce spores

• gametophyte - produce sex cells

Types of Seed Plants1. Gymnosperms

2. Angiosperms

• Non-flowering or fruit bearing plants

• Produce cones instead of flowers and fruits.

Examples: Conifers and evergreens

• Flowering plants

• Use flowers (attract animals) and fruits (protect seeds) for reproduction.

• Flowering plants provide food for animals.

Seed StructureCotyledon - a seed leaf. Provides food for the

embryo before it can make its own food.

Types of Angiosperms1. Monocots

2. Dicots

• Contains 1 seed leaf (cotyledon)• Flower parts in threes• Leaves with parallel veins• Vascular tissue scattered• Fibrous roots

Examples: grasses, onions, lillies, palms

• Contains 2 seed leaves (cotyledons)• Flower parts in fours or fives• Leaves with branching veins• Vascular tissue in a ring• Taproots

Examples: roses, cactuses, sunflowers, peanuts

Differences between monocots and dicots

- DO NOT WRITE ON THE SHEET I give you!

- Write down section headings and bullets for each paragraph.

- You will have 8 minutes to read and chapter title. - You will then discuss your answers with the group and make a list of important information for the class.

In groups you will need:

• A time keeper

• A recorder All students must participate in

• A reporter answering questions!!!

• A manager

• A collector

You need to determine the important information that the class needs to know and write that information neat and large on the construction paper.

Write the question on the top of the page and then bullet key information.

You will have 10 minutes.

Angiosperm Structure

Angiosperms are made up of:

• Roots

• Stems

• Leaves

• Flowers

Roots

StemsLeaves

FlowerPetal

Sepal

Stamen

Pistil

Roots

Main Functions:

• Supply plant with water and minerals that

are absorbed from the soil

• Support and anchor plant

• Store food made during photosynthesis

•One main root growing down with smaller roots coming off.

Example: carrots

• Several roots that are the same size.

Example: grass

2. Fibrous Root -

1. Tap Root -

Root Types

StemsMain Functions:

• Support plant body

• Some stems can store materials.

Example: cactus stores water

• Transport materials between roots and leaves

• Xylem - carries water and minerals upward from

the roots

• Phloem - carries food downward to roots for

storage and to other parts of the plant

Stem Types

1. Herbaceous

• Soft, flexible plant

2. Woody

• Rigid stems made of wood and bark

LeavesMain Functions:

• Capture sunlight to make food

• Control movement of gases in plant.

Parts of the Leaf:• Cuticle - waxy covering that protects against water loss

• Chloroplasts - contain chlorophyll to capture sunlight

• Veins - Move water, food and nutrients through xylem and phloem

• Stomata - openings under the leaf to let in carbon dioxide and give off water and oxygen.

• Guard cells - open and close the stomata

Leaf Structure

Stomata

Guard cell

FlowersMain Functions: Used for sexual reproduction

Parts of the Flower

• Sepal - protects immature flower when it is a bud

• Petals - attract insects and animals

• Stamen - male reproductive parts

Anther - produces pollen

grains

Filament - thin stalk, that

anther sits on

•Pistil - female reproductive parts

Stigma - collects pollen

Style- pollen travels down to reach egg

Ovary - develops into

the fruit

• Ovule - inside the ovary; contains the egg.

Develops into a seed after fertilization.

Parts of the Flower Continued

Flower Project Extra Credit

Using the internet or gardening magazine or book:

• Choose a flowering plant

• Draw a picture of the plant

•Label the parts (roots, stems, leaves and flower)

• Describe one main function of each part.

• Name of the plant

•Your name & class period

stamen

ovary

style

filamentpollen tube

pollen grains

stigma

pistil

anther

ovule

Pollination & Fertilization

1. What type of reproduction occurs in flowering plants?

• Sexual reproduction

- egg and sperm are needed

- offspring look different than parents

2. What is pollination?

3. What has to happen in order for fertilization to occur?

Pollination occurs when pollen grains are transported from anthers to stigmas.

- Self-pollination: egg and sperm from the same plant

- Cross-pollination: egg and sperm from different plants

- The sperm inside the pollen must get from stigma to ovary.

- A pollen tube forms from stigma to ovary.

pistil

stigmapollen

style

ovary

anther

stamen

Self-pollination Cross-pollination

pistil

1. Pull off the petals gently. Count the number of petals.

2. Remove the stamens. Draw and label the parts. Be careful not to remove the stigma and style.

3. Draw and label the female parts. Remove the stigma and style.

4. With your fingernail open up the ovary and draw what you see inside.

Flower Dissection Lab Directions

Flower Dissection Lab Questions1. Classify the flowering plant we dissected today using one or

more of the words below:

gymnosperm, nonvascular, angiosperm, seedless, vascular, seeded

2. Determine whether the plant is a monocot or dicot. Give at least two reasons for your answer.

3. Explain the function of each flower parts below:

a) sepal b) anther c) petal d) ovary e) stigma f) ovule

g) stamen h) style i) pistil j) filament

4. Describe how pollination occurs.

5. Explain the path pollen takes from the top of the female part of the flower to the egg.

6. Describe how fertilization occurs in plants.

4. What is fertilization?

5. What takes place after fertilization?

- Fertilization occurs when the sperm from the pollen grain fuses (joins) with the egg inside the ovule.

- The ovule develops into a seed.

- The ovary develops into a fruit.

6. What are dormant seeds?

7. What does a seed need to grow?

8. What is germination?

- They are seeds that are inactive (not growing or developing).

1. water

2. oxygen

3. proper temperature

- Germination is the sprouting of a seed.

Germination

Asexual Reproduction in PlantsVegetative propagation:

A root or stem can become a new plant

Examples:

- cuttings: using part of stem or root

- runners: stems that run along the ground and buds grow off it.

- plantlets: tiny plants grow on leaves

cutting

runner

plantlet

Tropisms: Growth in response to a stimulus

Examples:

phototropism: response to light

gravitropism (geotropism): response to gravity

hydrotropism: response to water

thigmotropism: response to touch

Photosynthesis

1. What is needed for photosynthesis?

2. What does chlorophyll do?

- sunlight: chloroplasts in leaves

- carbon dioxide: stomata in leaves

- water: absorbed by roots

- chlorophyll absorbs sunlight in the leaves

The process by which plants make food using sunlight.

3. What is the equation for photosynthesis?sunlight + carbon dioxide + water ---> sugar + oxygen

Sunlight + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ----> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Excess sugar travels down phloem to be stored in the roots.

Oxygen leaves the plant through the stomata of the leaves.

A

B

G

F

E

D

C

Bonus:

1. A and B from above make up the _________.

2. D,E, F from above make up the _________.

Cellular Respiration:Converts the energy stored in food into a form of

energy the plant can use.

Transpiration:

Water loss from leaves through stomata.

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ----> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energyglucose + oxygen ----->carbon dioxide + water + energy

This process occurs in the mitochondria of both plant

and animal cells.