kurukshetra march 2012

7/29/2019 Kurukshetra March 2012

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kurukshetra-march-2012 1/50



Kurukshetra March 2011 11

The Monthly Journal

MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Vol. 59 No. 5 Pages 52

March 2011

CONTENTS

Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message o Rural Development to all people. It serves as a orum or ree, rank and serious discussion on the

problems o Rural Development with special ocus on Rural Uplit.The views expressed by the authors i the articles are their ow. They do ot ecessarily refect the views o the govermet or the orgaizatios they

work or.

The readers are requested to veriy the claims i the advertisemets regardig career guidace books/istitutios. Kurukshetra does ot ow

resposibility.

Sales Emporia : Publications Division: *Soochna Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi -110003 (Ph 24365610) *Hall No.196, Old Secretariat, Delhi

110054(Ph 23890205) * 701, B Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614 (Ph 27570686)*8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 (Ph 22488030)*’A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Basant Nagar, Chennai-600090 (Ph 24917673) *Press road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthapuram-695001 (Ph 2330650) *Block No.4,

1st Floor, Gruhakalpa Complex, M G Road, Nampally, Hyderabad-500001 (Ph 24605383) *1st Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bangalore-560034

(Ph 25537244) *Bihar State Co-operative Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (Ph 2683407) *Hall No 1, 2nd foor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector-H, Aliganj,

Lucknow-226024 (Ph 2225455) *Ambica Complex, 1st Floor, above UCO Bank, Paldi, Ahmedabad-380007 (Ph 26588669) *KKB Road, New Colony, House No.7,

Chenikuthi, Guwahati 781003 (Ph 2665090)

l Food Security in india: Key iSSueS S. P. S 3

l draFt national Food Security Bill:

eSSential FeatureS 11

l Food Security in india: dr. K. K. triPathy

Policy iSSueS & challengeS K. c. MiShra 14

l exPloring the ‘Starving’ india apm hz 21

l Food Securityrole oF

graM SaBha iS crucial aws Smkw 26

l Food For all: the only Way ForWard d am P 28

l role oF BiodiverSity in Food Security d. h rj gm 35

l rid KaShMir FroM the Menace oF ‘charaS’ Z Zs Fz 38

l enhancing the Bargaining PoWer oF the

rural PoorMahatMa Gandhi nreGa B. K. S 40

l FiSh – a good Source oF nutrition am S

c.d. Sm 44

CHIEF EDITORNEETA PRASAD

EDITORKAPIL KUMAR

JOInT DI RECTOR

J.K. CHANDRA

COVER DESIGn RAJAT NAIK

EDITORIAL OFFICEROOM NO. 661, NIRMAN BHAVANA-WING (GATE NO.5),MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT,NEW DELHI-110011

TEL. : 23061014, 23061952FAX : 011-23061014E-MAIL : [email protected] SUBSCRIPTION ENQUIRIES,RENEWALS AND AGENCY INFORMATIONPLEASE CONTACT:

Business Manager

EAST BLOCK-IV, LEVEL-VII, R.K. PURAM,NEW DELHI-110066

TEL. : 26105590, 26100207FAX : 26175516E-MAIL : [email protected] : publicationsdivision.nic.in

SUBSCRIPTION :INLAND1 YEAR : RS. 1002 YEARS : RS. 1803 YEARS : RS. 250ABROAD (AIR MAIL)ONE YEARRS. 500 (NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES)

RS. 700 (OTHER COUNTRIES)




InsIde

t m 2009 F S a wb pss s p qm f w

ss. S s b b

s sps f F S a s mp m

ms. i s ss w fw b fs m

spp s f f s pms.

t m s mk ffs ss ss f

s z s

b w ws f fss p

w. is w s pp b mjpm ps f m.

P, i s f s ps f f

w, ms f pp s w sq ms

q mb s.

W ffs b m s p

p f f s, p ss ms

mj .

Sm ss ss p p b f f s

s f pp s w s. rs s f f s

spp-s fs s s b f ss b s

p.

es f f zs s mp s

b f f, s ffb, p ss. Sm

s s ss f p mm f ss. t f

gm Sb s s f ms b sm

mm f f s, w w sss s ss.

i s wss g r s f s f g r w w fm s

s fm ssms. y, m . W

ss s m, , p , s

s .




Pbm f f s b

w ms f pm

sb f f. i s s b

s f p f f s,

f pp mm

f f m. t

, sp s s sm

q, m s, s

m sf b sfm

f-f m f-sps

. a pm s

p ws spp-, bk b

p spp, s ffs f

sss, wk fms w

ps sp w . B

, pm s

w s s b

b m-s fs. a s b

sf ws mm

ps, , f

sk ps, sp

f w m pp m ss

ss ws p b

sf fm f s s ps.

Food Security in India: Key Issues S. P. Singh

In recent years, the Government of India has taken several iniaves towards ensuring rights and

entlements of cizens of the country. Right to informaon, right to employment and right to food are the

key iniave in this context. Making universal access to food is now a hot topic of debate and discussion in

various academic, polical and public forums. To provide legal entlement of access to food to the people

of country, the Naonal Advisory Council (NAC) prepared a dra of Naonal Food Security Bill (NFSB).




S , w ss

m mp s

s w s - s, s

f ss ws s ps w

sm s sqs f b

ssb f ‘w s’, s s s

pss mm msss. Ps,

mb f ss, sp

s b sms, b

q q f f s sff fm

p . t f b spp

m s ss ss

f w b m

f p p, m

bks sb mm

f f s, m mpm

pps p pp mp

p s. i

m b m b f f w

s pbm f ss pp

m b f.

a em S 2007-08,

fs p w

f 2.5 p bw 1950-51 2006-07,

s 2.1 p pp

w . hw, 1990-2007,

f p w b 1.2 p

p m w pp s b 1.9 p

p . csq, p p

smp f s fm pk f

b 171 kms 1990-91 150 kms

2005-06, f 13 p

s p. t smp f pss s

fm 15.33 kms 12.05 kms

p p p sm p. t

fs s b 6 m

s bw 1990-91 2005-06. i s

s smp p

f pp s s p p

m, bz, f f bs,

m b f sk

ps, f s s b f

m b f fs b

b f bs fs,

bs, ps, s, m fs.

hw, s m s mk ss, s

w s ps m ss

p mm msss mp

s. t n Fm h S p

(2005-06) sws p f m

m wm p 15-49 s

s fm 53.9 1998-99 58.2 2005-06

s fm 45.7 51.5 b .

Sm, p f m s s

s fm 75.3 81.2 s 70.8

72.7 b bw sm ps.

ts s sm mwm s s. i s f

p ss, smp s m

s f k pss mj

s f p. t p p

b f s pss s s

f s m m.

Kp w w pp

s f ps, mk s ss

fs s s f

pp s f ms ff sbf p mks, sp k

s f sw w ,

p s f mj f ps

s f sbs b, sq fs

b f m. M, s ps

ps sw, ws ms pssb

f s f ss sp f

fs b p ffs s w

sbs. ts bf ws

pps n F S B (nFSB) ms sm k sss f

s i.

State of Hunger and Poerty in India

as p W Bk sms, 34% i

pp ss uS$1 (m




35 K fs p m r1.00

p k f ms, rs.2.00 f w rs.3.00

f . t ss w

m m f 20 K p

50% f MSP. t nFSB

s ppss fm f s Pb

dsb Ssm. t nac sms

qm f 57.36 m s (Mt)

63.59 Mt f f s sbs b f rs

71837 s rs.79931s ps1

f ps, sp. ap fm s

pb ps f ss f, B

s sss z f

f p; s ss sf

k w s; s

; s ss è fs; sp

spp f pss w smz

b ms; ps f

pss f , sb, s

wm.

i m mps f

nac pps, gm f i

s ep cmm (ec) b

d. c. rj. af js f pp,

ep cmm sms sbs b

f rs 85,584 f ps 1 rs 92,060 f f

ps. t ec sss w ps. Fs p

s p ss m b

7.00 k p p fs

ss m b 2.00 k fs p

p. S p mm b ec s

ss (BPl ss + 10%

f BPl ss) b p f s

rs 2 p K f w rs 3 p k f

s b

w qm p

b f f s. Bs s

p, ec sms 50.96 Mt 2011

51.93 Mt 2014. t ec mms

b f f 5 Mt (f b

pss) m b sb -

pp ss p q MSP. t

ec fs pm f f s

f s pps m s mk ps

sf s fs b, sp

w f s MSP. ts, ec s

nac pps nFSB p

f q fs f pm,

s mm f sk f

f s; mk s

pm m fs f. i f,

-b p f m

s p s

wss f mks.

t sp s f

p s p w w f

fs mk mms

m f s f f s

ps p ps b pfs.

Role of Agriculture in Food Security

impm p

p ps s pbm f f

s w ws: fs, b mk f

ms ffb sms, s, b

mpm pps

wkf fm -fm s.

i s, f ps sf

s, mk f ms ffb p

ss, sm ms,

m s s mms w

s s f , sq

s sss m fms. r fs

w s ss s

b sm msm bw

m spp f f ms. is

ps m p

m ps s p

sp ss. tf, p

sbz s m s f

p p q s

sm , p




i s

sf s ps

sf mps f f s f

mm msss. a w

sk ps m mp

ss f mm msss s

ss fs sk ps

ps. c smp m

p s m s f k

pss mj s f p,

p p b f s pss

sf m s f s

m m. S, s smp

f m-s f ps, s s,

m ps s s

m f s f f-s s

s s

ps, ff p

ss. F s,

p f

km f m qs

m q f s

s q

w s

sm b sm.

ts, f m q

f s s ws p f

m ps,

ss q w b

b f mm

msss f

smp. h, ppp p-m

s ss sk b bw

“w s” “ s” f

p f w f f s.

e ps ffs f ps wws: Fs, s ps f pm ps

ms m p s

f p b-fs. F s,

b 20 p f mz p uS

s b s p . i i s,

m s p p

b-s fm jp ps fm

msss. t s p f b-

f s b f f s f

smp s ss ps. S,

s ps mk

p m ps s s

f m , ps k fzs

pss, sp f ps

ps. t s f s

fms, sp sm m s,

s m fm ps ps q

m f p.

Key Issues and Options

Ø o f ms sss bf

p mk s s p

s fm 165.51

m s 1990 –

91 159.90 m

2000 –01,

f 5.61

m s. ts

, f s,

m s ff

f, mpm,

m ss, s

p p

f mj ps

s s

sp

f b m s

m. tf, sb p s

q f s

f - ppss.

Øimp p pfb

pb

sm fs,

r&d, s, w

mm, mk, ps-s

, s sb.

The IFPRI report on hunger

published in 2009, ranks India at

65 out of 84 countries, slightly

above Bangladesh and below

all other South Asian countries.

The intensity of hunger in the

report is classified into five

categories, namely, Low (values

less than 4.9), Moderate (values

5.0-9.9), Serious (values

10.0- 19.9), Alarming (values

20.0- 29.9, and Extremely

alarming (values 30 or higher).




Øab 55 p f sms f

w fm

g s vs g

b. M, -fm wks,

s s ss, sv

ps, ., s p w

fms’ m. Fm, 82 p

f fms’ ss

sz f s ss w s

m f m bs f sm

ss g mms. is

g pv w mpv

v sq b f

f ms.

Ødp s spp ssm f

ps bfs b

fms sms. h mk ps

f mms p b

sm ws bf fms

ff spp ssm.

tf, ff k bw

fms ps sms ps

b sbs m m

s f ms bw fms

sms.

Ød q ps-s

fs, b 10 p f

f p (b 20 m

s) ws . S f

20 m s f f s

ff spp mm

b s sb

fs p s b 6

m s f f

f m ps

p 20 m s f

f .

Øgw w

s ms b p

w p s. Fms

s b p sbss b k/

p s f qf

. ts s m sb -

f s s b

-ff f .

Øt m s f fms’ pbm s m fm fm s

q m smp

s m s ms f

, w p

f wkf . ts

sss s b pp k

sb p s.

Summing up

F s s ss s. i s b p p

p. W p mps

f m f s m f

f. if i s w

mk s bk mp f f,

ps w s sp, s jpz

f s. F, f pm,

sb, mm f

mms

s f b -bsss mps, fw sp ps

mk. tf,

m p s b

ws m spp-s m-

s bks f f m. us f

fm p sf

s . dpm f -

ssm, w ff ks

mks mp wk, w p

w w p bw sms’

ps ps’ ps.

(The author is Professor of Economics,

Department of Humanities & Social Sciences,

Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, e-mail :

[email protected])



Kurukshetra March 2011 1 111

as b n as

c s m J 14, 2010,

Wk gp f Mmbs f nac

ws s n F S

B. af bs w

ss, nac fz s f

bs fmwk f pps n F

S B s m 23 ob,

2010.

Bs mms

mm gm, s fs

sp ws pp f n F

S B, Fmwk n s

w b pp b Wk gp. ts

Fmwk n ws s m

f nac 21 J, 2011 ws

p s Fmwk n pb m,

mms, bf df B s k

p f s b nac.

t f B s w ps. t fs

p s w food entitlements

p fmwk. ts ms

b s spf food-related

schemes (s S i), mpmb s ms w spp

fm c gm. t s p

ps fmwk f grievance redressal

for foo d-related schemes, w p f

b m s

s.

Draft National Food Security Bill:Essential Features




Food Entitlements and RelatedMatters

Essential Entitlements

ts p s bs nac f 23

ob 2010. t ss ms :

Public distribution system: 35 ks p

s p m rs 3/2/1 f /w/

ms f P ; 20 ks ( ms)

f f MSP f g .

Maternal and child support: (1)

usz f icdS (s p Spm

c s); (2) s spp f

pm if y c F; (3)

k-m s f

3 p/ wm; (4) km ms p css 8 m

m- ss; (5) m

ms f rs 1000/m f 6 ms

f p wm.

Special groups: (1) d, f k m

f s pss; (2) Pb ms

f ms; (3) cmm ks (sbj

sssf ps) f mss pss

b p; (4) em f f ss-

ff pss; (5) p

fm s.

n: t PdS ms s b

m s f

12 F y P p. o ms

b p b mm f

a.

PDS Reform

t fm PdS s sp

s, w f sfs b k

w s F PSps m b b mm

ss.

t a w m s PdS

fms, s s: s pm;

mm mm f F P Sps;

sp FPSs; ss f

b f FPSs; s sp sfs;

-- mpz; mp-pf

ps; s s. t a w s

sp f ss f ict.

Enabling Proisions

eb pss ,

s ms s ws

pss z f ( ): (1)

z f f p;

(2) s ss sf k w

s; (3) s ; (4) s

ss è fs; (5) sp

spp f pss w sms

b ms; (6) ps f pss

f , sb, s wm.

Grieance Redressal

Essential Proisions

t f B mps b s

ssm f ss f f-

sms, s f ms

s. g ss pss :

1 S transparency standards f f-

sms.

2 Swf fines f f a.

3 “Duty to fine” w s

f.

4 Pp f “vicarious responsibility ”.

5 Compensation f ss f

m.

Institutional Setup

a f- sms w m

mm ss fmwk,

:

(1) Bk- facilitation centres: a -ff

ps p pp p pp

w f mps, sbm pps,

s sps, .

(2) ds Grieance Redressal Officers: S

bw.




(3) S- - Food and Nutrition

Commissions: ts w pps,

m fm f a,

s ms f- sms.

ds g ss ps 3

sps: (1) ss (w pms); (2) f ds

g rss off; (3) pp

s cmmss.

Grieance Redressal Officers

t p f ss

ssm s ds g rss

off (dgro) ds . t dgro

s s s p ff w

s pws s, f

mps. dgros b

bj s pss (pssb

s uPSc), w -b

m f f s.

Transparency Standards

a f- sms w m

mm mmm ss f sp.

ts : (1) a fm pb

m; (2) P- ss f ss

fm; (3) Wb-bs MiS w s

J ifm Ssm

; (4) “op ff, p sp, p

s” m; (5) m s s; (6)

m ps f s

s (.. s) bfs; (7)

fm w 15 s m

pp s. a s 1% f s

f f- sms w b -mk f

sp mss.

Wider significance of this grieance

redressal system

o m, pps

ss ssm pssb b

sm ss s s nrega

r e a. ts w b mj

bk.

(Source: National Adisory Council website.)

S U B S C R I P T I O N C O U P O N(For New Membership/Renewal/Change in Address

I want to subscribe to_________________________________________(Journal’s name & language) or

1 yr. or Rs. 100/- 2 yrs or Rs. 180/- 3 yrs. or Rs. 250/-

DD/IPO/MO No. ________________________________________________Date____________________

Name (in block letters)

Address

PIN

Note: For Reewal/chage i address-please quote your Subscriptio no.

Please allow 8 to 10 weeks or the despatch o the 1st issue.

Please send DD/IPO/MO to Business Manager

Publication Division, East Block, Level-VII,

R. K. Puram,New Delhi-110066. Tel. : 26105590, 26100207,

Fax : 26175516

Also ensure that it is drawn in favour of Director

Publication Division, Ministry of Information and

Broadcasting, New Delhi.




t

p f

mss s f w m

s b pss

pb sm 1960

2009. t b s ps

k pbm f p

ss Ss . a

i s b b fm s

sks f fm k s

s Pb dsb Ssm (PdS) wk,

f sff, q

f f s w m s sb

w sss f

p . t bs s b pssb s mp f m

s

s ws ss p. i

s , ps, p mks

ss b p ws ms

s f s ’s ms

f zs.

Food Security In India:Policy Issues & Challenges

Dr. K. K. Tripathy & K. C. Mishra

Though India is one of the largest producers of the food in the world, yet nearly 300 million people

struggle for meeting two square meals a day and 21 per cent of the national population (230 million)

are malnourished . This indicates the issues of accessibility to adequate and nutritive food to the

poor.




t f js f ‘f

s’ mpss mp

mss z., b, ssb

sb f f s. W b f

f s f f p f fs,

ssb f s S’s fp p w ps pw f

sm. t ms s ‘sbz’

w s f b ssb f

f ssm. t , ssb

f f ssm mmzs pbb f sks

f s m s w s

ff ms b s f smp

q .

t i s f s ps f

f w, 300 m pp

sgg f mg w sq ms 21 p f pp (230 m)

ms (www.fp./ i

F P rs is, 2011). ts s

sss f ssb q v

f p. F, s w m

ms p fms w sp 80 p

f m f gs s

ps pw ps m fm ss

f g q. i s bkp, mp

s m ssss s f

p, vb m

f f bs s f gvm

ws vg s bjv f vs f

s.

PRODUCTION, YIELD

t , p,

fs 1952-53 2009-10 s sb tb 1. d

1952-53, 102.09 m s w

f. t f p

1952-53 ws 59.2 m s w

p f 580 kms/.

Bw 1952-53 2009-10 19.28 m

s w s

f . hw, mp

f s f m

ss, p s fm

59.20 m s 1952-53 218.20 m

s 2009-10 s fm 580

kms/ 1,798 kms/

p. W 18.1 p

fs ss 1952-

53, s 46.8 p

b 2007-08. tb 1 s s s

2003-04, f s m

m ss s w s

.

t f w s

ws 0.7 p p

1990-91 1999-00. t w

Table 1 : Area, Producon, Yield and Irrigaon Coverage under Foodgrains in India

YearArea

(Million Hectares)

Producon (Million

Tonnes)Yield (Kg/Hectare)

% Coerage under

Irrigaon

1 2 3 4 5

1952-53 102.09 59.20 580 18.1

1962-63 117.84 80.15 680 19.8

1972-73 119.28 97.03 813 25.4

1982-83 125.10 129.52 1035 30.8

1992-93 123.15 179.48 1457 37.4

2002-03 113.86 174.77 1535 42.8

2003-04 123.45 213.19 1727 42.22004-05 120.00 198.36 1652 44.2

2005-06 121.60 208.60 1715 45.5

2006-07 123.71 217.28 1756 46.3

2007-08 124.07 230.78 1860 46.8

2008-09 122.83 234.47 1909 na

2009-10 121.37 218.20 1798 nana: n ab

Ss: () Ms f a, gi, 2008 2010 & (b) em S, gi 2009-10




s w f 1.7 p w

pss mk w s

b -0.6 p sm p

(tb 2). a ss f p w f f ps

bw 1990-91 1999-2000 2000-01

2007-08 s p

bw 1990-91 1999-00 s

w f 2 p s-à-s w

f 1.9 p bw 2000-01

2007-08. t f w f p f

w pss 1990-94 1999-2000

ws 3.6 p 1.4 p , sp,

0.6 p 3.4 p , sp

2000-01 2007-08. a mps f

w s mj

ps, p

w 1990-91 1999-00

2000-01 2007-08 ps m p

m s sp f m

bkp f ’s b

pp w.

i bs f s fw p

f 1960s f sb bk

i ps-

, s b s

f p f i .

a f w gdP

p fm 4.9 p

2007-08 1.6 p 2008-09.

t c Ss os (cSo)

sm w

f 0.2 p 2009-10 (gi, 2010 ).t w

s s ps s

f s f .

AvAILABILITY AND PRICEMOvEMENT

t b f p p p

fs s p s

tb 3. t p p b f fs

ws sm b 384.5 ms 1952-53. t

p p b wss pw

1972-73. tf,

spf p. o s f

p p b f fs

s 1972-73 2008-09. d 2008-09,

p p f b ws 436 ms

w ws 30.1 ms ss f 1972-

73. t p p b f s w

w fm 458.7 ms p 2002-03

374.6 ms 2008-09. hw, p p p b f pss s

fm 35.4 ms 2002-03 41.8 ms

2008-09. t p p p b

f pss s s b 29.5 p

fm 59.1 ms 1952-53 41.8 ms

2008-09.

Table 2:Rate of Growth of Area, Producon and Yield for Foodgrains during 1990-91 and

1999-00 and 2000-01 and 2007-08 (in per cent)

Crops 1990-91 to 1999-00 2000-01 to 2007-08

Area Producon Yield Area Producon Yield

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

r 0.7 2.0 1.3 -0.1 1.9 2.0

W 1.7 3.6 1.8 1.3 1.4 0.1

Pss -0.6 0.6 0.9 1.9 3.4 1.7

Ss: () Ms f a, gi, 2008 (b) em S, gi, 2008-09




t p b f f

s (tb 3) s s s

f m p s b sssf

s ssb f b

s p p p

s s ws f

sb f f s b p

.

t ffb ms f f s

s f b p mm f fs

. t f f bs

Ws P i (WPi) 1993-94 ps

1994-95 2009-10 s

w b f fs

b b f m f

Table 3: Populaon and Per capita per day net availability of food grains

Year Populaon

(in Million)

Per capita net aailability per day (in grams)

Cereals Pulses Total

1 2 3 4 5

1952-53 369.2 325.4 59.1 384.51962-63 452.2 398.9 62.2 460.9

1972-73 563.9 419.1 47.0 466.1

1982-83 703.8 415.6 39.2 454.8

1992-93 867.8 434.5 34.3 468.8

2002-03 1,050.6 458.7 35.4 494.1

2003-04 1,068.2 408.5 29.1 437.6

2004-05 1,085.6 426.9 35.8 462.7

2005-06 1,102.8 390.9 31.5 422.4

2006-07 1,119.8 412.8 32.5 445.3

2007-08 1,136.5 407.4 35.5 442.8

2008-09 1,153.1 374.6 41.8 436.0

S: em S, gi 2008-09 & 2009-10

Table 4: Trend in WPI of Foodgrains at 1993-94 base prices (1994-95 to 2009-10)

Year All Commodies

(100.00)

Food Arcles

(15.40)

Food Grains

(5.01)

Cereals

(4.40)

Pulses

(0.60)

1 2 3 4 5 6

1994-1995 112.6 112.8 114.7 113.6 122.2

1996-1997 127.2 137.3 137.6 135.7 151.3

1998-1999 140.7 159.4 152.0 150.9 160.1

2000-2001 155.7 170.5 173.8 173.0 179.6

2002-2003 166.8 179.2 174.3 173.5 180.6

2004-2005 187.3 186.3 177.5 177.9 174.42006-2007 206.2 210.5 206.0 199.4 254.2

2008-2009 233.9 239.8 234.1 230.5 259.8

2009-2010 242.9 275.1 270.6 261.9 333.8

n: Fgs pss spv wgs.

S: WPi sms f Gv. f i, Ms f cmm & is (avb : p://www.s..

/)




fs s sm fs

s bm ffb (tb 4). ts

pw p mm fs w ps

ss f s i.

PDS SUpplies and Off-take

t PdS s m pk f i’s f

mm s. t f mm

ms p fs fm fms

m ps, sb fs

sms, p, p

b ss f s, ffb

ps m f bffs f f

s p sb. n Smp

S PdS Ss f hs

csmp 2004-05 s

i 81 p f ss

67 p f b ss

s (nSSo, 2007). a ss f p

sb f ss b 17

mj Ss f i (tb 5) s

Bw P l (BPl) s w b 26.5

p f ss 10.5 p f

b ss. a s (

p) fm ss 3 p f

ss ss 1 p f b

ss.

P f s

k. r, gm f i

(gi)’s w ep cmms (S cmm

f Ms f r dpm

tk cmm f P cmmss)

m s p fs

sm m mm

s f s p fs pws (gi,2010). ts, f mms f s

mms p, w b

m ps f PdS

gm sms w bfs

Table 5: Percentage Distribuon of Households by Raon Card Type

in Major States: 2004-05 (in per cent)

State Rural Urban

Antyodaya BPL Antyodaya BPL

1 2 3 4 5

a Ps 2.8 54.0 1.5 26.6assm 0.6 12.0 0.2 3.2

B 2.3 15.0 0.8 4.7

csg 4.4 35.0 2.1 15.2

gj 0.8 36.0 0.1 8.4

h 2.6 16.0 1.5 9.9

Jk 3.0 23.0 0.8 7.5

Kk 9.6 42.0 2.0 14.4

K 1.8 28.0 0.9 19.8

M Ps 3.3 31.0 1.9 12.7

Ms 4.4 31.0 0.3 8.0

oss 2.0 42.0 1.3 11.8

Pjb 0.1 12.0 0.0 3.9

rjs 2.8 16.0 0.6 2.4

tm n 1.5 19.0 0.6 12.8

u Ps 2.8 14.0 0.7 7.2

Ws B 3.2 27.0 0.8 8.8

i 2.9 26.5 0.8 10.5

S: nSS rp n. 510, 2004-05




BPl bss. F, n

as c s ss pm f

n F S a (nFSa) w

m sbsz fs 75 p

f ’s pp 90 p

s 50 p b s

w b .

t pm sms s PdS

Mmm Spp P (MSP) c

iss P (ciP). F cp f i

(Fci) s pm, sb

s f fs.

W pm f

fs s p-,

s sb s b s f

s ff-k b

sms. t ff-k

f fs s pm

t Pb

dsb Ssm

(tPdS) f

wf sms f

gi z., a a

yj (aay), M-d M Sm (MdMS),

W Bs n Pmm, Wf

pmms f Sc/St/oBc ss,

ap Sm, F f Wk Pmm,

Table 6: Trend in the PDS O-take of Wheat and Rice vis-à-vis Allotment from FCI (in per cent)

Year Wheat Rice

TPDS AAY MDMS Annapurna TPDS AAY MDMS Annapurna

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2004-05 29.6 66.5 103.9 88.3 39.4 74.5 81.1 71.1

2005-06 35.0 79.0 76.9 90.9 36.0 70.7 76.8 76.72006-07 70.1 90.1 79.9 37.7 36.7 71.7 75.8 67.8

2007-08 89.1 90.7 83.3 39.0 64.1 73.3 77.9 76.1

2008-09 67.4 66.7 91.4 40.3 25.3 68.8 73.6 69.6

2009-10 65.3 73.5 91.0 82.4 65.6 64.8 81.2 90.2

bk sm . tPdS ws

mj s f f f sb

. t ff-k f fs

tPdS s p fm 29.7 m s

2004-05 34.8 m s 2008-09

(gi, 2010). hw, ff-k s b

mms w m f

tPdS (tb 6).

t smp m f PdS fs

s-à-s m b bm

s pm p

sq pw

ss

ss ps. t pw

s f ss p s

ff

bw ss p

p mk p.

M, b p ss

p, sm w

p w

q f w

s f p

sps f PdS. B

p mk s

s ps p q f

fs p mk ss. t s

spp p s s mp mp

S: F cp f i, 2011

The National Advisory Council

has suggested promulgation

of a National Food Security Act (NFSA) wherein legal entitlement to subsidized

foodgrains to 75 per cent of the country’s population

covering 90 per cent in rural areas and 50 per cent on

urban areas would beguaranteed.




f pm b Fci s b

m fs m s

ff-k fm PdS s

pw s f ss p. ts s

s m f bff sks

m b mm sk . t m s sk

f fs w Fci s s

m s f fs Fci

s s mp ff f

f bs sf s i

(rks, 2005)

CONCLUSION

t m p

s b mms w p

p b f fs. W p b

s, bm ss

mmm spp

pm ps

s pw p

mm f

s. t f ps

w b

ps pw f

mm sms

f s f f fm mk m wss

m s f p

fs f pb sb.

cs m

bmk p ,

b f fs, s -

S mm f fs p

, p w s

p mm f s

bm ss. t f f

s w q m

pm sb f fs.

W s sps pp,

m s m f

m fsb f s

m f f sm

pps nFSa. l s m f

sbsz fs w s m

m pm f fs

Fci sq pw s

mmm spp p. F, sf

smp p f sms fm

s -s s b m

f sss s

m s fs. ows, m

spp s mm m

s mk ss ms

m b m s mp p

mpss f i fs.

t gm s k f

s s

k m spp f fs

mk. ts w s f

fs f ps w f

gm p

mk. uss f

f sb s

sp PdS msm

Fci

F

P Sps ss-

. ts s f fm sb pps f Fci z s bff sks,

ss f s

s f s PdS b

b sp b

m sb p. ts

w mp spp s p

p s. ts, w pps nFSa w

ss spp sb s f

fs, s s

ppp s f f mm

kp w m spp

s.

The authors are Ocer in Planning

Commission, Delhi and Lecturer in Economics in

MPCJ Government College, Orissa, respecvely,

e-mail: [email protected]]

The right to food and food

security initiative will

require an enhancement in

procurement and distribution

of foodgrains.




F s f s s f f

s zs s f

b, pss p

b f f pb q s

b ss f. af s

s f p, s m f f

sp w b k f f f

s s p ss - ss wsms p w s f

i pm j.

Food Security: The Current Scenario

t s f i’s f s s ws

b . t s b i s f

f ss – w s f fm i’s

ps s b ,

s 2010. i 2009 gb h

i, i k 65 f 88 s,

spp w 67 ps, 2010.e

s k Pks c b

k w f i. t 84

s bss f s

- p f m, f

m, pp f pp w

f. 230 m pp i s — s f

w. M s f 50% f

s i s

( 15-49 s) s p b (B

Mss i ss 18.5). a

s p s f f s

i, m 1.5 m

sk f bm ms bs f

s b f ps. The food insecurity is so

Exploring The ‘Starving’ IndiaAnupam Hazra

Food insecurity in rural India is primarily a reflection of rural poverty, and thus overall economic

growth and its distributional pattern cannot but be important in solving the hunger problem.




rampant across the country that India has been

clubbed with minor economies like Bangladesh,

Timor-Leste and Yemen, recording the highest

prevalence of underweight children under five.

as p uniceF sm - i s m

42 p f w’s w

31 p f s s . as

pp pp m ss k ‘i

s’ ‘ib i’, i’s s

m b f k ,

af spf Sb S af s f s

ss f f s s .

Food Security: The Recent Initiaties

F k s s f

f , m s b

mpm sm mj pms k

Pb F dsb Ssm (PdS),

i c dpm Ssm (icdS),

100 -mpm ssm

n r empm g

a (nrega), a a yj (aay).

ap fm s f mj pmms -

m s mpm M- M

Sm f s f s f s

p. B s pmms

s p w s

f s s PdS f sb s

q. W w p f

f s m s m

f b pp, n F S

Mss (nFSM), w s w p 467

ss f 17 Ss.

a sm m, mbs

‘F S B’ s b f b

w s p n as c (nac).

i s m m f ob

2010 – s ss ms

sbss f s b s 75

p f pp — 90 p

s 50 p b s. F,

‘p ss’ (46 p s 28 p b s) s b

35 k (q 7 k p ps)

m sbss p f r. 1

k f ms, rs. 2 f w rs.3 f ,

w js S-ws bs

P cmmss’s 2004-05 p

sms. i s m m

f ob, nac s s ss

‘ ss’ mps f 44 p

s 22 p b s, s

b 20 k (q 4 k p

ps) m p 50

p f s Mmm Spp P

f ms, w .

Food Security: The Present Dynamics

t s f f ms s s p,

mk m ffb mj f

pp. a s ws s s spp

f pss b s, w fs c

m mp m. a s f

pp sff fm f s

i, ws ff ps ss p

ss s pp mp

p ps s bs

ss s b s. t f

s pp spp

sm s f , s s m

bkw ss w f p,

b m s, s m p

sss . i f, ss f u

Ps (s s-s ps), B,

Jk, oss, Ws B, cs, ps

f M Ps Ms

f s mb f f s pp

. i s pb s f f

s - s f ms

Mw s s pz b w

ss w ms f pp f uP f

s.

F s i s pm

f f p, s

m w s sb p

b b mp s

pbm. i s p p

mpm pps,

ws f q m ms, s

f ps, w f pp’s b

b f, s ff f m ff j. Bs p

bs p ms f i. t

m s m

mks f p s

pk b ps, p m

ffs sm s. o

, s f f s F




cp f i (Fci) wss

b sb fs .Fci

mps f f s sp bs

sm fs . ts ms

f f s ws bf s

ps f mm m.

Food Security: The EmergingChallenges

S s q f

s f s s sb f

f mk m ffb p,

f p. W mks sk

f sb m s f

i s spsb f f 1.2 b

pp. S s f ss mp

p, m s mp

sb f f

sm m s mpw sm-s fms

m ps, f

pp - s f p s

f s. i w s m

b sms b pm

f mm-bs ms. B p

fms’ s, z m

s bsss sms

s fm s, i

m p

pb sb ssm s ps

s w w; sms,

w f s ss m

f s qms f

pp p m

s. i k ss

f , ms s

s sm , p

sf s s sss pmms,

m- s f

b p.

W bm sq f s

s f f ss ss .

P, , p, s s s fm p f ss .

Pb ss ss

f . a s spp

b s w

s f ss . i s

b mk p sp

m , mm f b

mb . P w

s spf fm sps. W

ms m fw wk p

mps pp .

No More Hunger: Let us Hope for a

Better Future

There is not a single day when we do not

read or hear about the different dimensions

of the food crisis, which India is witnessing for

last few years. i pmss

mm pm s b 2015, b

pms sms f w ks

s gb h i f 2010. Pss

qs, ff f pb

ss, wk b ssms ps

mpm f p-p ps

mj s pss. i smsi w f ff ks f

s k , q

m ssb ss s

ffs m b m

ss f -s wk m. t

m s s, b f

f s f fss

ss, s f .

India may be the second fastest growing economy

in the world, pps b w’s s

p f mk b s s

s p f w s - but it fares

far worse than lesser economies when i t comes to

taking care of its malnourished children. i s

s ms f w’s

pp fm i sm m,

ms f ms p f w

s b i. F p f s

f ms m pbms

, b ps

f f s qk ff s f

m bss w pp w j

pfm f s gm w s

f s pp s

s p b bs m , m f

p-bk “r f a”.

( The author is Assistant Professor,

Department of Social Work, Assam (Central)

University, Silchar – 788 011, Assam,

e-mail:[email protected].)




AST GUARDMaking a Difference

www.indiancoastguard.nic.in

niversary

MESSAGE

I am happy to learn that Indian Coast Guard iscelebrating its 34th anniversary on February 1, 2011.

Over the last three decades, the Coast Guardhas been evolving as an efficient and a balancedforce to meet the various maritime challenges. Thepast two years have been particularly challenging,requiring round-the-clock patrolling and surveillanceat sea. This speaks volumes of the dedicationand commitment of the officers and men of theCoast Guard. With sustained efforts at improvingits infrastructure, the Coast Guard is on its way tobecome one of the most potent peacetime forcesin the Indian Ocean Region. The force levels andthe manpower of the Indian Coast Guard are set tosubstantially increase in the next few years.

On the occasion of the 34th Coast Guard Day,I extend my best wishes to all the personnel of theIndian Coast Guard and their family members.

I am sure that the Indian Coast Guard willcontinue to serve the nation with all the honestly,dedication and commitment. I wish the Indian CoastGuard and its personnel, the very best in all theendeavours.

Jai Hind

(AK Antony)

MESSAGE

On 01 Feb 2011, the Indian Coast Guard completes 34 yearsof dedicated and distinguished service to the nation, and I am indeedprivileged to be at the helm of such a fine service.

Over the past three decades, the Indian Coast Guard has maturedinto a lean, professional and energetic force, undertaking with pride thevarious roles for which it was raised. The past two years in particular,have indeed been momentous for the Coast Guard. Significant progresshas been made on the acquisition, operational, infrastructure and humanresource fronts.

The successful achievement of many objectives and thesustainment of intense operational activity during the last year is a tributeto the hard work, professionalism and commitment displayed by everyofficer, enrolled person and civilian of the Coast Guard. The ICG’s quick,professional and resolute response to oil spills, Search and Rescuecalls, anti – smuggling and anti - poaching inputs, and a host of othercontingencies have earned accolades both nationally and internationally.

Induction of ships and aircraft and capacity building in operationalinfrastructure will continue to remain our thrust area in 2011. This callsfor hardwork, detailed planning, and will entail major administrative,personnel and logistics challenges. I have, however, no doubt that thesechallenges will be addressed and vanquished by the service.

In 2011, we must both consolidate the gains of the past two years,whilst simultaneously continuing to scale greater heights, as befittinga vigorous and professional service. I am certain that all Coast Guardpersonnel will rise to the demands of this challenging era in the ICG’shistory.

“VAYAM RAKSHAMAH”

“JAI HIND”

Anniversary of theed on 1 February,

n Coast Guardssional force. Itsmaritime frontiersmmunication openare committed to

with the necessaryrole effectively.has been made

rialization of thesem the Indian Coast-military maritime

n.

ast Guard reflectnd high standards

am confident that

e to display verve

ood wishes to alld and their families

Manmohan Singh)

MINISTER OF DEFENCE

INDIA

21 Jan 2011

New Delhi

New Delhi

14 Jan 2011

(Anil Chopra)Vice AdmiralDirector GeneralIndian Coast Guard

d a v p

1 0 1 1 9 / 1 3 / 0 0 2 8 / 1 0 1 1




i svs mm f zg

f qm f s swg pp.

t fm s s b sp

f s ss. t i s sf-s fg p s b

p sps. i sp f ss

p f fg, f s

qb sb f f pg

. t pbm s p b

mp ss f sp b ms

b ps.

i s wss g v s

g f s f g v

w w fm gs vs

fm ssms. t fm mm sms s pg p w g

w pfm sp q

fq f ss s. y, m

. Msm m

kps . W s w

? a s xm f pssg f s

s s mj sss

f s - avb, ab ass.

ts -. if f s b, b

b fms? if b,

b s ss? t ms mp qss w s gg f w? of s

p w p w fm

f sb ps v g

m .

i ks 66 m 88 s

gb h i 2008 s b

i F P rs is. t

i s b p m

– , m

m. o 200 m pp i b p b s b ss

b. t f p ms b

mms psss gg. i smp ms

ssm s m s

wk pp.

Problems and Limitations of PDS

t p fms q ss

f m s. W s

w f bs f f w

fm sb ssms msms. ttg Pb dsb Ssm s pps

f bggs f sb wks

w s p sss. t S

Gvms v sv mpv fg

f PdS b kgs f w f mm

wsp. nw c s gg n

F S a. a sp s w s

bkg f n r empm

G a. t n F S a w

s vb w fg b

fms f ss, sss p

f pps. t PdS wk w b

g v mpm f n

F S a. t m f PdS s

wks m. ts pss f

gg ss. M s fms

m w .

Food Security-Role of Gram SabhaIs CrucialAwanish Somkuwar

The emerging food scenario underlines the role of Gram Sabha – the most powerful constitutional

apparatus of democracy at the grassroots level. The Gram Sabha can act efficiently to allow the needy

to exercise right to food.




Gram Sabha and Food Security

t m f s s

f Gm Sb – ms pwf s

pps f m sss .

t Gm Sb w

s f. t ms mp

sp s gm Sb ws pws fm

cs. is ss g.

t f s ss b ss

b v mpw Gm Sb, w s

xp b g mpm

msms f pps f s

.

t mb f ss w w

gm Sb b b f s

ss. t s f Bw Pv

l fms b gm Sb w

BPl s s spsb f gm Sb. t

mg f fg f f p sps

mk m b pp w

mj sks gm Sb s . Bss,

b p s s f.

t mfg f f p sps s b

p. t gm Sb kp s

v f p sps. t rg ifm s

b b sp sks.

a, gm f i s psb

ssm gm Sb gm P

f sb ssm b g Gm

Sb b spsbs, gs s

b k p w fg. V f

s b Gm Sb Gm P

s pssb w bs s b

s s-sps

ssss.

The Gram Sabha Approach - MP

ExperienceM Ps r ls Pj –

b dpm f i dvpm

u Kgm s pv 3000 m vgs

pm b ss – d, Jb,

Bw, ajp, Sp, M, d,

app S. t Pj s

gm Sb m f ssb pm f

p. Pm bs k B S

s k G, B, B, s

szb pp s ss. t pj

s ss s sss f b fms

g Gm Sb, w ks v sf w m s g bs

fm gm Ks – .

t g bs Gm Sb

mgs Gm Sb w s

b p. ts b p

xpss f vs vs. t

Pj ss s f s

vs ps sp vs. ts

pp s v ssv Gm Sb

f ss. tf, s f gm

Sb gs, s ms s f mj sks f Pj. Sm pp s

b pp ss f s. tks

nreGa, s f s

mg g x. t Gm Sb

mgs v psb mb f vs

s f s sss. g Bks m

p sbs mb. Vg emg Fs

v rf Fs m ms

b s s b s p m

qm f p g ss. n

f s s k fm p.

g b Pj, s

p mpp mps

w-b k s. csq,

vg s s w-, mgb, p

-p fms. t k s bs

mb mmb sss. gm Sb kws

w p p fms f

f s f s fms

g p gg bs mm-

sps vs vs. t BPl s s

sv pps m m sfms m s.

The author is State Coordinator –

Communicaons, Madhya Pradesh Rural Livelihoods

Project, Department of Panchayat and Rural

Development, Bhopal, e-mail: awanishsomkuwar@

gmail.com.]




a f ps i

skk mk s f s f

ms msb

f s. u ns F

a oz s f ws ‘w pss w ps f

ms mms b

mm ms m s f

spp sks 2011’ i s, f,

ss fm p

mk f ssb pps

F S B s mm b

n as c b rj

cmm.

Food For All: r f s birthright

for all s b p f

f s s a 21 f i

cs s w s us d f

hm rs [1948]. uss s f

s, hunger w . i 1974,

F a oz [Fao]

b 1984 “ no child, woman or man

should go to bed hungry and no human being’s

Food For All: The Only Way ForwardDr Amrit Patel

It is difficult to reduce hunger and poverty by half by 2015 as agreed under the United Nation’s

Millennium Development Goal No.1, which is a must for Sustainable Human Security and Peace. The

Government launched in 2007 the National Food Security Mission to raise food output by 20 million

tons during the Eleventh plan.




physical or mental potentia l should be stunted by

malnutrition”.

gj ws sp mpsz

s b m w

m . h w i pp s/ b.

hw, ss s ss f

pp k ps, wws, fm

pss, p wm sff fm m,

p f z w b

p fms s ff b ps,

bss, hiv/aidS b p f

f f s.

Indian scenario: i i, f

mp 2001 fs s m

ss s s f s i’s

mmms k pbm f

m m ws. t n

Fm h S [2006] sw

- i s 46%, w s

ms b f sb-S af. i

gb h i [2008], i ks 66 m

88 s s b Ws-bs

i F P rs is. i

ms bw S, n cm.

i c dpm Sm s

b mpm s 1970s,

b s 45% f w ms

w. t, p

ff b 260 m pp .

i s m 40% f w’s w

ks 126 f 177 s

undP hm dpm i. i s

ff p b f

b 2015 s u n’s

Mm dpm g n.1, w s

ms f Ssb hm S

P. t gm 2007

National Food Security Mission s f

p b 20 m s e

p. d Mm S, Pm Ms

s ip d sp fm

mps f r F “no body will

be allowed to go hungry” gm s w

pps s “ food as a right”.

Price of Neglecting Agriculture: d

1960s 1970s sf

mmm wss g r

b f f w f f s

p pss fm 2.73%

1980s 2.09% 1990s f 2.01%

2000-01 2007-08. r f w f gdP

ws 2.9% 2000-08 s w.

a w p f s

2003-04 2007-08 ws s s 11.40% 22.06% sp s s

msb w w f [2.23%],

w [2.35%], s s [2.06%],

f s [2.05%] ss [1.57%]

s p. i s p p f

s b f 176.3 k s s

mmm q 182.5 k,

n is f n, ws w’s

s 358.4 k . d s

ms f 1990-91

2004-05 ps f b

f p p gm’s

b f ps p s

fs . Bw 1960-61 2003,

mb f s b fm 51 m

101 m, w p

fm 133 m s 108 m s

s sp sz f

w mz. Sm

m fms f 85.9% 2003 s

s 61.7% 1960-61.as m s 40% f

fms w b nSSo w q

fm f ws p []

m f fm ss w p w

s ws ss 80% f smp

p.




o M 22, 2007 Pm Ms ps

rp Pp [2004-07], w s

m mss pf . hw,

pfm f s

2008-09 ws bk w s p

w js b 1.6% s,

w f 21.7% f gdP 2003-04

sp 17.8% 2007-08. g

w f s fm p bs

f s spp s s ss [,

w fm pw] sk f b b

ps’ psp s f ps. W

w b 2.5%

p m s 10 s, p

p w f m f fm ss

s js b 1%.

Way Forward

Productivity : dsp i s s

ks s ms f b

f ms f k

ps s 20-40% f w’s bs

s. ts sfs s mp

fm p fm sms

sf fm’s psp s

s pss. i s w

p b 30 m s 40%

b p p s f

. ts b b b

s p bw p s

f p s. t S-ws

p f p bw p

p & f s

f w, -f p , -f [sw

w ] B s sw

tb.

P f ps b s

sbs b b m;

sf sm fs,

sbs S f a a-m,p m f

wss; s s

s p-b f fms

b p bw p

s s f -f

fm ssms; s

ss, m- ssm,

s ,

ps mm q, mp-bs

Table 1

State-wise percentage of yield gap between the production potential yield &

actual yield at field leel

Wheat Crop % Yield Gap State %Yield Gap State %Yield Gap

S Ws B 19.40 Jk 105.30

Ms 155.50 Pjb 6.10 u Ps 67.20

B 104.80 P cp i r

hm P 89.60 r-f up J & K 285.80

M P 84.30 csg 157.00 u Ps 222.40

uk 80.50 u Ps 86.40 B 2220.10

u Ps 50.50 Jk 35.20 gj 195.30

gj 50.50 r-f Sw w csg 169.40

rjs 41.30 assm 194.70 uk 98.20

h 19.80 csg 144.20




m k ss ps ,

fm mz, m ss

k. S mmz m

s pbms f

fs, s s b s

b p s , f

w s s mm b d

Swm. a uss icar

ss k s sk fm s

sf sf twf F

y P. n cmmss Fms

s m mms f -m

s fms’ pbms -f

-p s. imm s

ffss f mpm

f mms mmms m

Pm nmb

2007 sp f

n P f Fms,

bs ncF’s f

sbm ob 2006

t p bw

s

pp s

s ms fm

ssms b

b m , m

m ss ff s

rs.25,000 b rs

Ks vks yj b -f

s.

t pm f ‘50,000 Pss oss

vs’ -f s b f

f 2010-11 b s b mpm

ssm pp k p,

p p, pm smp

s s Pss oss

Mss f 1980s.

t mpm f ‘Pss vs’

sm s s s f p

p p . t

mp f s

s f kp, p p, m, ,

pss Pss & oss

vs Pm sf b p

f b f m s f pss bw

m spp. ts ps q ss

w w ps s

f s. c-m

b, ps m s f.t

c S s s p pss

ps k jw, mz, bj, ,

ms sf f bsk.

imp f pss ss, w ws

mp pm, s bm pm

f. is mp,

b p

fm fms, m

mp sm fms,

s s f w

b p spp

ps m

fms s pss

ss, s

b mps b w

f sp s mp.

ts sssf b p bw

p s b pss,

ss sw -f s. .

Support Prices: as mks b mss

k p sb b spps

f fm p spp ps f ,

fms, b f

s i ms s.

t spp p s mk

msm b f ss f p

f pmp pms fms

pm p. Spp ps

As markets by themselvesare unlikely to provide stable

and reliable supplies of farm produce, support prices

for agriculture have beenconnuing for decades

in India and in most

advanced countries.




m s ms. i ff ms

fms fm w b

ps.

t spp ps s b ps

mk q sms fm s bs p mk ms

mp. t f spp ps s

mp pf ms f fms s s p

m s p-s -mmz

ps s s s s fws, mk

w sms pssb. ts, f, s

f m s s f

spp p msm mk fm

f ssb ps,

w f f sbss fm. t n

cmmss Fms’ mm

Mmm Spp P

bs c-2 [ s

f p] ps 50%

s fs s

b mpm

s b s

s s .

Storage: F bs

s w s. S

fms p

f f 1.2 b m

bs b

fm ms b b s

s s, m jsfs

p s b s sf.

t s mk s ff

p-sm-f s pfb

s fm f bks

ws s

s . a

F Ms’s p 2007-08, Fci

s sp s s f 217.41

k s [129.48 k s w 87.93

k s ] w c Ws

cp s sp s 193.42 k s

w b . i , 509 k s f s b

s w fs sp Pss

s fs q f 250 m

s f f s 300 m s f fs

bs ps-s sss

mp f sf. F s s

ssms s b mz p s

& ps fs. P msm bw

p ps-s s

. Sf s, mk

pm ps b

. a f -m

s fs ms b w

f .

Chinese Storage System: i s s, c’s

ssm f f p,

pm, s &

s w s

m. t

cs s p

s wss qm

jmp S

ams f gs[Sag]. i mps s-f-

-, m- [sp-

-k, , b

sp--sp], m

smss pb f 2000 s

p . t mz p

gz, w mp-

fm 100,000- s, s pf f c’s

s fs ps, f b

s, W Bk sss sps.

t sm s fm fm-bs sf

s s-f-- sz

bs Bj. c s ps

176,000 & s wkf

s -p s fms

s ps. gs ff

According to the Food Ministry’s

annual report 2007-08, FCI

has space to store grains to

the extent of 217.41 lakh

tons [129.48 lakh tons owned

and 87.93 lakh tones hired]

while Central WarehousingCorporaon has space to store

193.42 lakh tons owned by it.




m f p s ss

b s f sms’ . t

ssm s f b pb s ps

pss f fm- m-

mm.

c, w f s m f f

f b- w, ps

b 520 m s f w &

s b sppm b mp

ms. c ps

ss 150 200 m s. i ps

s fm p ps

S ps b ps, w

p s . P

s , pk

mk b b 3000

p s mps,

ms f w S

spp p ,

mk s. P

ss pm

ws ps.

F m ssm

s cs Sag, S g lbs g Ss oz,

Bj. t ssm mpss s-f--

mm d, B

cp ss, gm g

S e cmp p

s ws f S & gz

Processing: ap f ff ps-

s s fm p

fm sf q q

sss. t m .

t s mp f s

f fs bs, m f

f f pss Fs bs

f kp p bsks w

p ms f m bm

b . t f p p

s, s ks w

pp s sp

mps f 40%

css. ts s fw b p b

ssms. P f s

pm pss, ws

p bs f s

pss fs s m w ’s

w -.

M pss s b

-s s f k p-

fs f bs, msp

s fs. o b

f f

sf ss b

sf mp

b mp

ms

mk s ss

f sss.

rq sm

ms b m p

fs f pk,

ss, f sp ssms,

ws fs .

F ss s b fm

w pp f sks

s s fms, s ws, ms,

sps, wss, s, r

F iss, s

mps. ifm s s ss f

ffs. W f

s p bs f

s spf ps.

(The author is Ex-Deputy General Manager,

Bank of Baroda, Currently International

Consultant, Kazakhstan, e-mail: amrit_rpatel@

yahoo.com)

Adopon of ecient post-

harvest technology can save

farm produce from signicant

quantave and qualitave

losses. They are handled

manually and roughly.




t u ns s 2010 s

i y f Bs m

s pb wss b

bs fm mk s mp

sqs m s b

s s f sps

. t un s pm M 22 s i d f B Bs

s s wss f

bs sss.

t ms 3 m 100 m

sps b f s

1,435,662 b f. i s

sm e s m f ppm

240,000 sps f ps f w b

5,000 b f s. ts s

s 1,500 f ps. Bs p-

ps sm, s ss

ps b 375 sps f fs, 280 f

bs, 80 f bs/ ps, 60

f b fws ss/s. Ps,mk, b , s p 25 30

f ps, z., w, , mz, b, s,

sm, ms, sb, bs, p, kp,

p, b, s, m, s,

ss, p, sw p, ms, f s

ps fw bs sps

z. , w mz p 60 p

f f mk.

Role of Biodiversity in Food SecurityDr. Harender Raj Gautam

It is estimated that the Earth is home of approximately 240,000 species of plants of which only about

5,000 have been carefully studied. This diversity includes 1,500 food plants.




pp s bs f

fq f m s pss

k m bs. am ss

f bs ss fm

f b, p f

ss, p, m ssps.

g i s s

p f m s pm

f s s, s w s

mb f ps s

w. ts fs s mj ss

f ss f p s. i s,

pm f mp m p

s f mj mm ps s

sf mp mp f s

p. o ms, ss ps fz s

mp - s ,

sm ss, ss m ,

w m .

i s s p s

sk w s p m

pp. i s m 17 m-s

s s f 70 p f

w’s bs. i s m f

34 ‘b bs sps’, b

s f s s s. i’sbs s f mms m, ,

s s p f

s f . t -ssm ss fm

fs wss f w mj m

s- hms Ws gs-

spp s m pp -

mb fs ps b sm

b w $ 200 m .

t bs s ss

m s. i ps sf

psss s s pf f w , p, bsp f b b

s p f, w spp,

ps , f s

bsp f f m

s wss. cs f bs

s p mm f b

ss w s s s w s

s spp, m q,

s. i s i y f

Bs, w fs ps f

sps . t s f

p f s p

mm. o fs s b ps f s f f ps, f

ps, mb s, sk, ms

w ss. i , bs f w s

w sps f, b, s s

s s b f, sf

p. i w ps

ms s s b . t fs f

s s b s,

zs gms k mm

sps bs ss. gb,

s b s bw sk s f

sps b k ps 2010 p.

t s sp p ffs

m sss bs mpm

m mss ps s

s. t pb p bs

s p s s

s $ 2 b p m. Ws,

p s f bs,

b s bw $ 8 10 b. ts

ffs mm. W ss b

s m s ps.

ts b fm pp f pj m w p f

2010 s s $ 1.4 . t s

k b f sms, w

w w s f f mk

s.

Bs s b b

b b fm f ws . i ms

m fm w bs w

bs f. t s f

i y f Bs s “Bs

s f. Bs s f.” W kp

m bs s ’s s p

s sss.

(The author is Senior Scientist, Department

of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr.Y.S.Parmar

University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,

Solan-173230, Himachal Pradesh, e-mail: hrg_

[email protected])




t q f Ksm s b bk

m fw ms ps fw

ms b sms pbm

b s s s ms pp. a

mj k f s Pwm, Sp,

Qz, t Pm s f S

Ksm w s s f b

s f

k f -- ps. Ppp ss

‘cs ‘Fkk’s p b w

s. i s q m ps s

s js s p ss s

bk m f b. i w w

m.

W s m, fs s

fs mks b s

s mj s i.

t qs s w s s pp

s f m s? t

f pm ppp p ks

f psp s s ff S

18 f n ds Psp

Sbss (ndPS a) f 1985 psb p

s f s mpsm f

p rs. o lk. t s ps f

s s s s ff s psb S 15 f a.

ts a pss b c gm

w b p b

ff ss .

if S 10 f a mpws s

ms pm pssss

-S mm f pm, ppp sw,

mf f m pm

f bs (s).

Rid Kashmir from the menace of‘Charas’

Zeenat Zeeshan Fazil




i Ksm w s pp s

.y b

fs f spp b

s, s s, bs pwf

s. t s ps

s p w ks f s ps b fs

mm ss b s bs.

a ajm hss, Pj M,

a a i m s

fm ms ss ps w.

t m s ss, fms m

p. opm, bs(s) s

ps w s s

s f m s p fs

s bs , ss

s . t p s ppssps cps

k m. Ms f ps

pp f f w

mfs s f s f bs

ps p .

i Ksm, s S P w s

f ms f ndPS a, s

s s k S es

ds c dpm. usb s

mz f ps b w ms pb

k pss ws

w ssb s f mm

f . ls s “t sms s

pms f ffs w b

sm f sbss f-

ks s”.

Ss s s

smms es ffs m

q f ‘s’

‘fkk’ b s s m ws p

f mj qs f w pss . t s bs m b

m s .

P p p, sm

p, s ffs sz f

p f sbs

ws. g mm f

ff, p ks ms f

, ss bk b sm f ,

w bm mpssb p

. a ff f es mp s

“f p ff w

bs f ‘fkk’ w k 640 pp bs m b sp

s s. W b k k

2 m, b f s

sbs 7 pm.”a

cmmss es, g a P “o jb s

f s pss

ps.” h, w, bs

p fm b ss pssb

sm f sbss p

m.

g mp s sf mfb s bw ff

ps , w b sp s

s ? o b spp p

pss w w fms fm

s . c s b

p?

Pps -f w w

p ff w b bk

bss, p f w fms

p f s ‘s’ f

ss l m bm w f p

zs s p s s p.

W sm ff m qs,

s f w s b s

f p f s s w w

m f ws b bs

m f s.

t s f ‘cs’ m

ps, m ps f w pp

s. i b s f fw p k

B ss. a m ww fms f Ksm fm s

m ff spps ss

m s f s w b

wm b s w f ps

m f.

(Charkha Features)




a s Mm G n r

empm g a (Mgnrega)mp v s s s fm

ap a Ps 2 Fb

2006, s m p s s

f ms f p gg v

pps. W s sp v 625 ss

ss , pm gsp pgm

f uPa Gvm s s pv,

s ps pw, sss

mg p f b sss

i.

Objecve

t bj f a s enhance the

lielihood security of people in rural areas by

guaranteeing 100 days of wage-employment

in a financial year to a rural household whose

adult members volunteer to do unskilled

manual work. ts wks w

s, pf, ,

pm, j f w

bs, f wk,

wk f Sc/St/BPl/

iay bfs/ fm bfs/

sm m fms.

Enhancing the Bargaining Power of theRural Poor-Mahatma Gandhi NREGA

B. K. Sinha

As the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) completes five years

since its launch from Anantapur in Andhra Pradesh on 2nd February 2006, it has made deep inroads

into the lives of millions of rural poor generating livelihood opportunities. With its spread over 625

districts across the country, the premier flagship program of the UPA Government has raised the

productivity, increased the purchasing power, reduced distress migration and helped in creation of

durable assets in rural India.




Highlights

• empm p 4.1 ss

2010-11 p d.10.

• Wm s 50% w S css

f 23 %, S tbs 17% f

wks Mm g nrega

2010-11.

• W s b 17-30% b k

w csm P i f a

b bss f rs. 100

w , w s s

ap 1,2009

• a 9.38 s f Mm

g nrega bfs p

ps ffs/bks b f

s.

• a f fs f 2010-11 s rs.

40,100 .

• W csv, g

pm f 75 % f wk

k p 2010-11

• o 68 k wks k p Mgnrega

s f.

New Iniaves

Enhancement of MGNREGA wage rates

by 17-30 % b k w csm p

f b bss

f rs. 100 w , w s

s ap 1s, 2009. t w w s w

m fm J 1,2011 g

p w s Mgnrega

ps m ss.

Wage disbursement to Mahatma Gandhi

NREGA workers through Banks/Post Oce accounts

s b m m. a 9.38 bk/ps

s v b p s f.

On line Monitoring : Jb s, ms s,

w pms, mb f s f mpm

pv wks x v b p

p wbs www... f m

s pb ss f fm.

District Level Ombudsman: S p

mps fm Mm g nrega

wks s ms, s

s mps f sps

w w.

Social Audits made mandatory: gm

Ps b sk z S

as s ms. rps S

as p Mgnrega wbs. 73 %gm Ps p k

S as 2010-11 s f.

Naonal Level Monitors (NLMs)Visit: 37

n v M w p 37 ss

15 ss f sp m f pm.

Eminent Cizen Monitors: 61 em

czs v b s f s p

gs f Sm f p

m. i s pps s p p f

100 em cz Ms rp

pss f sm. Vigilance and Monitoring

commiees (V&MCs) at State and District leve

b -s f v mg f

mpm f pgm.

Naonal Helpline for receipt of complaints:

t f n hp 1800110707 s b

s p f p f wks ms

s a. ts s b m ct

b k w S ds l

hps.

State Helplines: h, hm Ps,

Jk, Kk, K, M Ps,

Mg, oss, Skkm, u Ps,

uk, Ws Bg, G, am

nb iss . s p s

ps.

Partnership with Unique Idencaon

Development Authority of India (UIDA): Mm

G nreGa s bg w uida. B

g q f v

pss w m p jb s, s

bs w fg s bk

pg, kg mb f bs sg b mg f ssm.

Construcon of Bharat Nirman Rajiv Gandhi

Sewa Kendra: gm P Bws gm

P bk : i s pmssb

v a. us f msv

f 6% Sm s b pm f




pvs f s ict fs Gm Ps

(BnrgSK) w pmssb ms f S

gm sbj ps.

Enlarging the scope of works permied:

Wks pvs f g f,

p vpmfs pv w b Scs Sts

bw pv fms (BPl)s b pm

a. gm Ps w pp

wk ps b sk s wks

s f Sc / St BPl v s p.

Work under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA in Naxal

aected States: u gm s ss

ss x Ss (a

Ps, B, csg, Jk, M

Ps, Ms, oss u Ps)

sf wss g mpg

m ss, ss f jb s,mpmg s mb f wks

m pm f wgs.

Convergence: gs b p

f f Mm g nregS

w Sms sp pgms. 150

vg p pjs v b s

23 ss mg f n is

f r dpm.

Business Correspondent Model : ap

rjs w p f c Bk f i

s m pm f wgs wks.

Strengthening Monitoring Mechanisms: a

Pfss is nwk (Pin) s b

s, g iits, iiMs, aSci, iiPa, iiFM

g vss pfss

ss, f g spp Mm G

nrega mp ssssm

m pps.

Management and Administrave support f

s , ss ict fs

s b s.

t sps k Mm g nrega ps s sp b

w s m mk

v sm f pv v

s w & pm. (PiB

Fs)




PERFORMANCE OF THE MAHATMA GANDHI NREGA (Naonal Overview)

FEATURES (FY 2006-07)

200 Districts

(FY 2007-08)

330 Districts

(FY 2008-09)

615 Districts

(FY 2009-10)

619 Districts

(FY 2010-11)

625 Districts

Till Dec.,2010

empm p ss: 2.10 c 3.39 c 4.51 c 5.26 c 4.10

Persondays [in Lakhs]:

Total: 90.5 143.59 216.32 283.59 145

Scs: 22.95 [25%] 39.36 [27%] 63.36 [29%] 86.45 [30%] 32.65

[23 %]

Sts: 32.98 [36%] 42.07[29%] 55.02 [25%] 58.74 [21%] 24.83

[17%]

Wm: 36.40 [40%] 61.15 [43%] 103.57 [48%] 136.4 [48%] 72.93

[50%]

os: 34.56 [38%] 62.16 [43%] 97.95 [45%] 138.40 [49%] 87.52[60%]

Budget Outlay: (i rs c) 11300 12000 30000 39,100 40,100

Central Release

(i rs. c.)

8640.85 12610.39 29939.60 33506.61

24601.98

Total aailable fund

[including OB: (i rs. c)

12073.55 19,305.81 37397.06 49579.19 39594.54

Expenditure (i rs. c.) 8823.35 15856.89 27250.10 37905.61 20854.46

Expenditure on wages

(i rs. c.)

5842.37 [66%] 10738.47

[68%]

18200.03

[67%]

25579.32

[70%]

14316.36

[71%]

a W p (i rs.)

rs. 65 rs.75 rs.84 rs.90 rs.99

Total works taken up

(i lks):

8.35 17.88 27.75 46.17 68.60

Works break up:

W sv: 4.51 [54%] 8.73 [49 %] 12.79 [46%] 23.43

[51%]

34.20

[50%]

Pvs f ig f

w b Sc/St/ BPl

iay bs:

0.81 [10%] 2.63 [15 %] 5.67 [20%]

7.73 [17%]

8.04

[12%]

r cv: 1.80 [21%] 3.08 [17 %] 5.03 [18%] 7.64 [17%] 14.73[21%]

l dpm: 0.89 [11%] 2.88 [16%] 3.98 [ 15%]

B nm rj

g Sw K wks

k

18232

(The author is Secretary, Ministry of Rural Development)




B ms s

mm ssms, ss ss

b . h

b. h pp s, m p m b

pps bk

f p . B s

pm p p

ms b q f f.

Fs s sp mp p

w. i sm f as’s ps s

(Bs, cmb) pp s m

s 75% f p fm s. i Ws

af s s f 30% f m p

k, s mb w b f

p b m.

a p js mp

, s f, sss s

s s b, kwsk; -

s k bs mbsm, s mm ssm

sss s s ss, bs,

spss.

t s mj sss f s:

bs, fs, b, ms, ps,

ms, w. ts sss b

z s ms (

v g ms) ms (

sm qs). t ms

bs, f, b, ps, w. t

ms ms ms.

FISH – A GOOD SOURCE OFNUTRITION

- Amita Saxena and C.D. Sharma

Fish is important in the developing world. In some of Asia’s poorest countries (Bangladesh,

Cambodia) people derive as much as 75% of their daily protein from fish. In West Africa fish

accounts for 30% of animal protein intake, and this number would be larger if the poor could

afford to buy more.




t ms (xg b

w) p , w s ms js

ks ( “cs” w

w p c sgs m fm gm

s). cbs ps p 17 kJ

(4 k) f p m, w fs p 37

kJ (9 k) p gm. Vms, ms, b,

w p , b ss f

ss.

Ms f bs fs

ss f cb, h, o ms.

cbs fm smp mss

(s, fs, s) mp

pss (s). Fs s,

m f s f mms b

. Sm f s, b , ss

: b ssz

b. P ms ms

ms f bs

fs. t - mms f

p m s , sm

ss m s. t ff m s

mbsm; w s

s f, f ps b

ks.

o ms s

pms.

Ms fs m f sm

f sss. Sm s

q , w s

s. P b s b

Illnesses caused by improper nutrient consumpon

Nutrients Deciency Excess

e Sv ,sv obs ,bs, s sss,

Smp bs dbs ms, bs

S f w s m s cs sss

F Mbsp f F-sb vms, cs sss (m b sm)

om 3 Fs cs sss B, hms

om 6 Fs cs sss, ,

cs cs sss (m b m)

P kwsk rbb sv

Sm hpm hpm, ps

i am css sss

i g, psm i (, psm)

vm axpm n Bss, w

ss shpmss a (ss, ss)

vm B1 B-B

vm B2 ckg f sk c u

n P dspps, ms, b fs

vm B12 Ps am

vm c S s

vm d rkshpvmss d (, vmg,

sp)

vm e s sshpvmss e (g: xssv

b)

vm K hm

cmospss, ,pp

spsm,spsm, ms

Fg, pss, fs, x, s,

vmg, sp s

Msm hps Wkss, s, vmg, mp bg,

Pssm hpkm, ms hpkm pp




mb f s, w ss

f.

Mental disorders

n sppm m m

b ppp f mj pss, bp,szp, bsss mps

s, f ms mm m

ss p s. Sppms

b s ms f m

sbz sp

s ( f w

m-3 f fs , b

fs ), mB12, f ,

s.

Cancer

c s w mm p

s. ag s b

a f s ., “i p

w, s f , sm sps

w m mm, k smp

f ps fs, s s smk

s f, ps fs k

s.” l s s p

p s bs f s s f b.

dp s “ s k

‘Ws fs’ — s f

, m, bs ps — b s b bs, k f s,

Hyponatremia

ess w k, w psm f

sm pssm ss, s pm,

w f w

m s s. a w-pbz s

2007, w Jf S

w pp w-k s.

M s, s -s

s (s s m mp ) ss

m , , wsss, wkss,

fs; m ss m s m,

ss, . t pm m

ms fm sw f b, s b

s smss s b s ss.

eff f pm qs

W ss / s,

s p w m ms s

s S s s s cm Bks w

p w f ps.

FISH AND MACRONUTRIENTS

Proteins

Ps mp f w

pm f b, m

pg f w sss f p

f zms ms q f m

b psss. t mp f s

p s s p f b

s w m. i ps s s

sv s js f pmg ss

q vs sv s.

o fs-wg bss, s s gq f p, b 18-20%, s

g ss m s g

sp- s, m,

s. as ms mz-bs s k

s mps, ss af

p mz g b b sg

s smp. Fs s mpms

ss-bs s w w

p.

Fats

t f f s vs pg sps s w s ss b, ,

s v ss f ms. t f

s fm 0.2% 25%. hw, fs fm

f s sps ps

f s (PuFas) m ePa (sp

) dha (s ) (m

3 f s) w ss f pp

w f ss w

f s sss s

ss. i p wm,

ps f PuFas s s bss w pp b pm m

b bbs. i ss, mg 3 f

s s b ss w

sk f pm w b w.

t f s bs spps

ssss pp bsp f f sb

ms m a, d, e, K.




FISH AND MICRONUTRIENTS

vitamins

Fs s s f vms, p

ms a d fm f sps, s w s

m, bv (vms B1, B2

B3). Vm a fm s s m

b b fm p fs.

vm a s q f m s f

b gw. F s s m vm

a sps. Ss sw

m s f v w

m a ss. as s ss

ms f vb vm a b pssg

ms q ps s m.

Vm d ps s v s

s f b gw s s ss

f bsp mbsm f m.tm, bv mp

f g mbsm. if fs, s s

s vm c w s mp

f pp f ws, m f

b sss s bsp f

m b.

Minerals

t ms ps s

, m, z, (fm m s),

psps, sm . ts

ms ‘bb’ m s bsb b b. i s

mp sss f mb

b s w s mp f spg

xg ps b. i s

ss w m, mp b f

fs s ss w p

b p b. d s

mm ssm, s m s b

ss w s sk f f.

cm s q f s bs

(fm mz) f

m fg f mss vsssm. i s s mp b g

pss. vm d s q f s pp

bsp. t k f m, psps

s g w sm s

w bs w s

bs s. d f m m

b ss w ks

sm (sg f bs) s

pp. F s s mp fs bs .

Z s q f ms b pssss s g w ps ss

zms q f mbsm. Z ps mp w pm sw pp fg f mm

ssm f sk. Z s

ss w p w, sk pbms ss f m pbms.

i, ps sf, s mp fms b mbsm s q f w mm vpm. a f m

( ) m .

i s v s b m pp’s s js qp s w kw f. Fs sf b mp f ,pvg m b mkg s m-

m-s b b.

t am h ass mms

s mg-3 f s w

wk p sp bs.

t am d ass ds

f c: Wm’s h n ps

pp sggss smg w s msp wk, w w-f , f .ag s ’ g mg-3s, s

b mp ms f s f

s f ’ .

Fs ss x ss f

p w f. a 3- ksvg f ms s ss pvs b 20

ms f p, b f mm p k. t p s s f g q, g b

f ss m s, s v gsb f

pp f s. Sf s s w f s bf, p pk. Sfs s w ms s s , z m ( s w s, b bs).

(The authors are from College of sheries

Science, G.B.P. Univ. of Agriculture & Technology,

Pantnagar (U. S. Nagar) Uarakhand. 263145,

e-mail: [email protected])




FORM Iv

(See Rule)

1. P f Pb : d

2. P : M

3. P’s nm : Sm. a Mj S

w z f i? : ys

(f f, s f )

ass : Pbs dvs

Ms f ifm &

Bsg, S

Bw, cgo cmp,

nw d – 110 003

4. Pbs’s nm : Sm. a Mj S

W z f i? : ys ass : a d G

(ig), Pbs dvs,

Ms f ifm & Bsg,

S Bw, cgo

cmp , nw d – 110 003

5. e’s nm : Kp Km

w z f i? : ys

(f f, s f )

ass : Kks (es),

rm n. 661, ‘a’ W,

nm Bw,

nw d – 110 011

6. nm sss f s w : P pbs b

ow nwspp ps Sm. av Mj Sg, a

Ss m p d g (i),

f cp. Pbs dvs, Ms f

i & B, g. f i, S Bw,

nw d – 110 003

i, av Mj Sg, b ps gv bv bs f m kw bf.

-S/

(Arind Manjit Singh)

Publisher

kurukshetra march 2012

Documents