Large Area Fast Silicon Tracking Systems for MPD and CBM setups of

NICA and FAIR megaprojects

Yu.A.MurinLHEP JINR

1NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

High and intermediate energy HI physics targets

BM_N@

JINR

RHIC@BNL

MPD@

NICA-

JINR CBM

@FAIR

ALICE@CERN

NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Confined matter

Spinodial decay ?

• Deconfined matter • Chiral symmetry restoration• Magnetic fields up to 1018 G• Strange matter continent a new era for hypernuclear

physics

Deconfined matter

2

“Heating” (E>100A GeV) : through high energy density - NA61@CERN, STAR, PHENIX since 2000-2013 at RHIC, BNL; ALICE, CMS, ATLAS at LHC,CERN – no definite answer , large background

Three ways to create QGP in HI collissions

“Pressing” (E≈30÷50AGeV) : through high baryonic density– STAR low energy scan, CBM and NICA projects to follow as NICA and FAIR start operating in 2017-2018 - rare probes are believed to be very sensitive close to the triple point

“Smart” (E≈3÷5AGeV) : through self-amplified long-range correlations within spinodial phase decomposition (J.Randrup, LBL) – to be proved with HI beams of Nuclotron-M as soon as high intensity HI beam appears at LHEP - direct production ofsubthreshold heavy hyperons ?!!!

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Two major objectives to study heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Deconfinement through SDNew Hypernuclear Physics

SIS-300 and NICA task

SIS-100 (FAIR) and Nuclotron-M (NICA) tasks

Superdense nuclear matter

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UNILAC

SIS18 SIS100/300p-Linac

HESR

CR &RESR

NESR100 m

Primary Beams

• 1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+

• 1010/s 238U73+ up to 35 GeV/u• 3x1013/s 30 GeV protons

Storage and Cooler Rings• radioactive beams

• 1011 antiprotons 1.5 - 15 GeV/c,

stored and cooled

Secondary Beams• range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 higher in intensity than presently • antiprotons 3 - 30 GeV

Technical Challenges• cooled beams • rapid cycling superconducting magnets• dynamical vacuum

SIS100: Au 11 A GeVSIS300: Au 35 A GeV

APPA

The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR

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Collider

BM@N

SPD

MPD

Booster,Nuclotron The NICA-MPD challenge :

to prove QGP creation in high net baryon density region with ITS

The BM@N challenge :

to prove QGP creation through self-amplified long-range spinodial correlations with STS

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FFD

MPD detector at NICAMagnet : 0.5 T T0, Trigger : FFDCentrality &Event plane : ZDC

PID: TOF, TPC, ECAL

Tracking (||<2): TPC

0.5<p<1 GeV/c

Stage 1 (2017)TPC, Barrel TOF & ECAL, ZDC, FFD

Stage 2: IT + Endcaps(tracker,TOF,ECAL)

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8

Beam EnergyIntensity

per cycle

p 4,5 GeV 21010

d 2,2 GeV 51011

12C6+ 300 MeV 71010

24Mg12+ 300 MeV 51010

40Ar18+ 300 MeV 61010

58Ni26+ 300 MeV 8109

84Kr34+ 0,3 -1 GeV 21010

124Xe48/42+ 0,3 -1 GeV 11010

181Ta61+ 1 GeV 2109

197Au65/79+ 3109

238U28+/73+

0,05-1 GeV 6109/21010

Beam

Nuclotron beam intensity (particle per cycle)

CurrentIon

source type

New ion source

+ booster

p 31010 Duoplasmotron

51012

d 31010 --- ,, --- 51012

4He 8108 --- ,, --- 11012

d 2108 SPI 11010

7Li 8108 Laser 51011

12C 1109 --- ,, --- 21011

24Mg 2107 --- ,, ---

14N1107

ESIS (“Krion-6T”)

51010

84Kr 1104 --- ,, --- 1109

124Xe 1104 --- ,, --- 1109

197Au - --- ,, --- 1109

HI beams of SIS18 (GSI) and Nuclotron (JINR)

Energy & Intensities, pcs per cycle

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The CBM experiment at FAIR

DipoleMagnet

Ring ImagingCherenkovDetector

SiliconTrackingSystem

Micro VertexDetector

Transition Radiation Detectors

Resistive Plate Chambers (TOF) Electro-

magneticCalorimeter

Projectile SpectatorDetector(Calorimeter)

Target

two configurations:

- electron-hadron - and muon setup

MuonDetection System

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Dipolemagnet

tracking chambers

6 m

Concept for the BM @N experiment at Nuclotron -M(original idea and figure of P.Senger, GSI )

Silicontracker

Time-of-flight wall(RPC)

Tracking chambers are needed to matchtracks in Silicon detector to hits in TOF wall

Silicon tracker in magneticdipole field measures tracks (multiplicity) and curvature (particle momentum).

TOF wall measures Time-of-flight for mass determination.

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The BM@N experiment project The BM@N experiment project • measurements of the multistrange objects (Ξ, Ω, exotics)

& hypernuclei in HI collisions

• close to the threshold production in the region of high sensitivity to the models prediction

GIBS magnet (SP-41)

TS-target station, T0- start diamond detector,

STS - silicon tracker, ST- straw tracker, DC- drift chambers, RPC- resistive plate chambers, ZDC- zero degree calorimeter, DTE – detector of tr. energy.

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STS design constraints• Coverage:

― rapitidies from center-of mass to close to beam

― aperture 2.5° < < 25° (less for BM_N)

• Momentum resolution ―δp/p 1% ― field integral 1 Tm, 8 tracking stations― 25 µm single-hit spatial resolution ― material budget per station ~1% X0

• No event pile-up― 10 MHz interaction rates― self-triggering read-out ― signal shaping time < 20 ns

• Efficient hit & track reconstruction close to 100% hit eff. > 95% track eff. for momenta >1 GeV/c

• Minimum granularity @ hit rates < 20 MHz/cm2

― maximum strip length compatible with hit occupancy and S/N performance

― largest read-out pitch compatible with the required spatial resolution

• Radiation hard sensors compatible with the CBM physics program

― 1 × 1013 neq/cm2 (SIS100)― 1 × 1014 neq/cm2 (SIS300)

• Integration, operation, maintenance― compatible with the confined space

in the dipole magnet

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• Aperture: 2.5° < < 25° (some stations up to 38°).• 8 tracking stations between 0.3 m and 1 m downstream the target.• Built from double-sided silicon microstrip sensors in 3 sizes,

arranged in modules on a small number of different detector ladders. • Readout electronics outside of the physics aperture.

STS concept

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Assessment of tracking stations – material budget

station 4

sensor: 0.3% X0

r/o cables: 2×0.11% X0

electronics

front view side view

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Assessment of tracking stations – sensor occupancy

sensor occupancy := ratio “nb. of hit strips : nb . of all strips“ in a sensor

station 1

Y/cm

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Assessment of tracking stations – hit cluster size

in station 4

mean: 2.7

distribution for full STS

cluster of strips := number of adjacent strips in a sensor that fire simultaneously

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Track reconstruction performance studies

momentum resolution

Ongoing layout improvements:

•aperture improvements to be done in some of the stations: better coverage around beam pipe

•optimize number and type of modules and their deployment in the stations

primary

secondary

track reconstruction efficiency

25 AGeV Au+Au central

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Au+Au, 8 AGeV

Physics performance studies – example hyperons

Au+Au, 25 AGeV

c several cm,decays just before/within STS

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Hyperon and hypernuclei with STS with CBM-like STS at Nuclotron existing SP-42 magnet

H3 -

total efficiency 8% 2 %

central Au+Au collisions at 4 AGeV:

Silicon tracker: 8 stations microstrips (400 µm each) Strips with 50 µm pitch and 7,5o stereo angle full event reconstruction

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NICA MPD-ITS

Th Computer model simulations by V.P.Kondratiev and N.Prokofiev, SPbSU

MPD ITS status

front view

20NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

The need for modern fast and high precision instrumentation based on

microstrip sensors

Supermodule („the ladder“)=Sensitive modules on light weighedCF support frames with FEE in cooled containers at the rare ends

CBM/BM@N

NICA MPD

The Ladder

NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

The CBM-MPD STS Consortium Since Nov 2008

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CBM-MPD STS Consortium

• GSI, Darmstadt, Germany

• JINR, Dubna, Russia• IHEP, Protvino, Russia• MSU, Moscow, Russia• KRI, St.Petersburg, Russia• SPbSU, St.Petersburg• SE SRTIIE, Kharkov, Ukraine• NCPHEP, Minck,Belarus Rep.• PI AS, Prague,Czech Rep

• 8 institutes• 5 countries

• Components • Sensors

• Modules assembly • Ladder assembly • Radiation tests• In-beam tests

• CBM in Darmstadt

MPD and BM@N in

Dubna

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The CBM-MPD STS Consortium: change in sensor production policy – mixed DSSD

SSSD structure of STS (based on experience gotton!)

DSSD: German Party responsibility – CiS, Erfurt (62х62) + Hamamatsu, Japan (42х62), double metalization on P-side

SSSD-sandwich: the Consortium responsibilityHamamatsu, Japan (42х62), On-SemiConductor, Czech Rep. (62х62) + auxiliary chipcable (SE RTIIE) +RIMST,RF

Sensor development – involvement of Hamamatsu , an attempt to repeat at vendors in

Russia, Belarussia, and Czech Republics

Usage of SINP MSU Si lab expertize ( Merkin M.M. et al)

23NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Microstrip sensors

• double-sided, p-n-n structure • width: 6.2 cm • 1024 strips at 58 m pitch• three types, strip lengths: 2, 4, 6 cm, 4 cm• stereo angle front-back-sides 7.5° • integrated AC-coupled read-out• double metal interconnects on p-side, or

replacement with an external micro cable• operation voltage up to few hundred volts

• radiation hardness up to 1 × 1014 neq/cm2

4” and 6” wafers, 300 µm thicktest and full-size sensors

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Prototype Year Vendor Processing Size [cm2] Description

CBM01 2007 CiS double-sided 5.5 5.5 ±7.5 deg

CBM03 2010 CiS double-sided 6.2 6.2 ±7.5 deg

CBM03’ 2011 CiS Single/CBM03 6.2 6.2 test for CBM05

CBM05 2013 CiS double-sided 6.2 6.2 7.5/0 degfull-size

CBM05H4 2013 Hamamatsu for GSI

double-sided 6.2 4.2 7.5/0 deg full-size

CBM05H2 2013 Hamamatsu for JINR

single-sided 6.2 2.2 7.5/0 deg full-size

Prototype microstrip sensors

external on-sensor cableCBM05 CBM05H4 CBM05H2

under study: replacement for integrated 2nd metal layer

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UMC 180 nm CMOS

die size 6.5 mm × 10 mm

design V1.0 @ AGH Kraków

produced 2012

full-size prototype dedicated to signal detection from the double-sided microstrip sensors in the CBM environment

Channels, pitch 128 + 2 test

Channel pitch 58

Input signal polarity + and -

Input current 10 nA

Noise at 30 pF load 900 e-

ADC range 16 fC, 5 bit

Clock 250 MHz

Power dissipation < 10 mW/channel

Timestamp resolution < 10 ns

output interface 4 × 500 Mbit/s LVDS

new w.r.t. n-XYTER architecture: effective two-level discriminator scheme

fast low noise low power dissipation

Readout chip STS-XYTER

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STS module

sensor

read-out cables

front-end electronics board

6 cm

10 – 50 cm

2, 4, 6, (12) cm

module is building block of ladders smallest assembled functional unit

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Mechanics hardware:Punch@Mould Produced in SPb with a dozen CF space

frames manufactured @ CERN

Punch and Mold for production of true CBM supporting frames29NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Demonstrators and prototypes

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Prototype Device for ladder assembling manufactured at PLANAR, Minsk , Rep. of

Belarus, 2012

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design fabrication montage comissioning

CF&S

Accelerator complex51 months

SC factory

Collider

Injector + channels

Booster + channels

Cryogenics

Critical point

Tunnel + channels

Funding in accordance with the project plan is mandatoryFunding in accordance with the project plan is mandatory

Nearest milestones:- Completion of the ion sources commissioning (2013) - Assembly and commissioning of HILac (mid of 2014)

-Serial production of the Booster magnets (beginning of 2014)

Start of the Booster commissioning for the BM@N experiment – end of 2015

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NICA STS project schedule

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•Equipment of JINR test bench with n-XYTER readout

•Mechanics preparation

•Slow Control for Protvino in-beam

•Logic Init for recording the external DAQ information into the ROC

Status: Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron

Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron

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Through years 2008-2013 the CBM-MPD STS Consortium demonstrated self-sustained growth of R& D activity which could be successfully accomplished within 1,5 -2 years

The Conclusions

In 2013 common GSI-JINR project started with resources (@around 3 M EUR) released to develop corresponding infrastructure for massive production of modules and, especially, supermodules at LHEP JINR by mid-2015 for the BM@N and CBM STS projects, firstly, and NICA-MPD ITS, afterwards Young generation recruitment and training is the basic problem for the project. Measures are to be discussed for more involvement of young researchers with their local supervisers from Czech Universities to the STS project.

Thank you for your attention!NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 34