-Theories Of Personality Development-

Prepared By:SAIMA KHALIL

“Persona”

“Mask”

“PERSONALITY”

Meaning:

The term personality is derived from the Latin

word persona meaning a mask or appearance

one presents to the world or a character played

by an actor. Keeping this in mind personality

refers to what a person looks from the outside

even though he is something else on the inside.

Personality is a patterned body of habits, traits,

attitudes and ideas of an individual as these are

organized externally into roles and statuses

and as they relate internally to motivation, goals

and various aspects of selfhood.

• According to Robert Park and Earnest Burgess:

“Personality is the sum and organization of those traits which

determine the role of the individual in the group.”

• According to Linton:

“Personality embraces the total organized aggregate of

psychological processes and status pertaining to the individual.”

• According to Cronbach:

“A person’s observable habits are called his personality.”

• According to Traxler:

“Sum total of an individual’s behavior in social situations is

called his personality.”

• “Personality can be defined as a dynamic and organized set

of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely

influences his or her cognitions, motivations, and behaviors in

various situations.”

DEFINITIONS:

THEORIES:

1. Abraham Maslow – Psychological theory

2. Albert Bandura – Social learning theory

3. John Watson – Behavioral theory

4. George Kelly – Cognitive theory

5. John Bowlby – Attachment theory

Time: 1943

By: Abraham Maslow

Main Concept:It focuses on describing the stages of growth in

humans. There are 5 needs of humans:

Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and

belonging, Esteem & Self-actualization. People

are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one

need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next

one, and so on.

Time: 1977

By: albert bandura

Main Concept:Behavior is learned from the environment through

the process of observational learning. People

learn from one another, via observation, imitation,

and modeling. We learn not only how to perform a

behavior but also what will happen to us in a

specific situation if we do perform it.

Time: 1913

By: john Watson

Main Concept:It is a theory of learning based upon the idea that

all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

Conditioning occurs through interaction with the

environment. Individuals learn to behave through

conditioning. All behavior is caused by an external

stimuli.

Time: 1995

By: George Kelly

Main Concept:Cognitive theory focuses on explaining personality

based on an individual’s thoughts. This theory

examines how we interpret things and how our

cognitions work and it puts so much emphasis on

our thoughts and interpretations. It understands

that each individual interprets things differently.

Time: 1958

By: john bowlby

Main concept:It describes the dynamics of long-

term interpersonal relationships between

humans. It focuses on how human beings respond

within relationships when hurt, separated from

loved ones, or perceiving a threat.