Learning Goals: Learning Goals:

●●Explain how the 1860 election Explain how the 1860 election revealed the divisions in the revealed the divisions in the country.country.

●●Describe the reasons for, and Describe the reasons for, and responses to, the secession of responses to, the secession of seven Southern states.seven Southern states.

Explanation: The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858Explanation: The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858

were a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, awere a series of seven debates between Abraham Lincoln, a

Republican, and Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat, for anRepublican, and Stephen A. Douglas, a Democrat, for an

Illinois seat in the United States Senate. At the time, U.S.Illinois seat in the United States Senate. At the time, U.S.

Senators were elected by state legislatures; thus Lincoln andSenators were elected by state legislatures; thus Lincoln and

Douglas were campaigning for their respective parties to winDouglas were campaigning for their respective parties to win

control of the legislature. The debates were a preview of thecontrol of the legislature. The debates were a preview of the

issues that Lincoln would face in the 1860 Presidentialissues that Lincoln would face in the 1860 Presidential

campaign and are remembered partially for the eloquence ofcampaign and are remembered partially for the eloquence of

both sides. The main issue discussed in all seven debatesboth sides. The main issue discussed in all seven debates

was slavery.was slavery.

Journal Question: Journal Question: Describe or create a Describe or create a

poster promoting attendance at the poster promoting attendance at the

Lincoln-Douglas debatesLincoln-Douglas debates. The poster. The poster

will be placed in an Illinois city or town, will be placed in an Illinois city or town,

announcing that the two candidates will announcing that the two candidates will

be debating there. Come up with an be debating there. Come up with an

engaging heading for the poster.engaging heading for the poster.

Events and situations that led to the Civil War: Events and situations that led to the Civil War: 1. 1. Economic Differences in the North & SouthEconomic Differences in the North & South2. 2. State’s Rights (nullification)-State’s Rights (nullification)- a doctrine that federal powers a doctrine that federal powers

should be curtailed and rights returned to the individual statesshould be curtailed and rights returned to the individual states.3. 3. Compromise of 1850-Compromise of 1850- Another stopgap measure along the Another stopgap measure along the

lines of the Missouri Compromise. This one abolished the lines of the Missouri Compromise. This one abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia but bound Congress to slave trade in the District of Columbia but bound Congress to create what became the Fugitive Slave Law. The Compromise create what became the Fugitive Slave Law. The Compromise of 1850 also admitted California as a free state and separately of 1850 also admitted California as a free state and separately organized the territories of Utah and New Mexico without organized the territories of Utah and New Mexico without restrictions on slavery.restrictions on slavery.

4. 4. Kansas-Nebraska Act-Kansas-Nebraska Act-1854 Act of Congress that repealed 1854 Act of Congress that repealed the Missouri Compromise and introduced as the guiding the Missouri Compromise and introduced as the guiding principle behind the incorporation of the Kansas and Nebraska principle behind the incorporation of the Kansas and Nebraska Territories the idea of “popular sovereignty”--the idea that Territories the idea of “popular sovereignty”--the idea that citizens of newly formed territories could decide when they citizens of newly formed territories could decide when they applied for statehood whether slavery would be allowed in applied for statehood whether slavery would be allowed in their new state.their new state.

5. 5. Dred Scott v. Sanford-Dred Scott v. Sanford- Slave who forever changed the definition Slave who forever changed the definition of property. He went with his master to Illinois and Minnesota and of property. He went with his master to Illinois and Minnesota and claimed that this made him a free man. In 1857 Chief Justice claimed that this made him a free man. In 1857 Chief Justice Roger Taney said that African-Americans could never become Roger Taney said that African-Americans could never become U.S. citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was U.S. citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Further, the Court said, Congress could not unconstitutional. Further, the Court said, Congress could not constitutionally exclude slavery from territories or any free state.constitutionally exclude slavery from territories or any free state.

6. 6. John Brown’s Raid-John Brown’s Raid- Violent abolitionist who wanted to free the Violent abolitionist who wanted to free the slaves at all costs. He took matters in his own hands by leading a slaves at all costs. He took matters in his own hands by leading a band of determined patriots on a mission to seize the federal band of determined patriots on a mission to seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. He wanted to distribute the weapons arsenal at Harpers Ferry. He wanted to distribute the weapons there to slaves and anyone else who wanted to rise up against there to slaves and anyone else who wanted to rise up against slavery. On Oct. 16, 1859, they succeeded in taking over an slavery. On Oct. 16, 1859, they succeeded in taking over an engine house. But the U.S. Marines, led by Col. Robert E. Lee, engine house. But the U.S. Marines, led by Col. Robert E. Lee, subdued the short-lived rebellion. subdued the short-lived rebellion.

7. 7. Lincoln’s Election and Republican Party-Lincoln’s Election and Republican Party- The presidential The presidential election of 1860 was one of the most pivotal in U.S. history. The election of 1860 was one of the most pivotal in U.S. history. The nation was in the grips of a national division over the issue of nation was in the grips of a national division over the issue of slavery, and the results of this election accelerated that slavery, and the results of this election accelerated that separation. The South believed Lincoln would abolish slavery separation. The South believed Lincoln would abolish slavery and seceded from the Union before he took office.and seceded from the Union before he took office.

Journal Question: Think about the Journal Question: Think about the breakdown that led to the Civil War. breakdown that led to the Civil War. Think of one lesson that today’s Think of one lesson that today’s politicians in Washington D.C. could politicians in Washington D.C. could learn from the mistakes made before learn from the mistakes made before the Civil Warthe Civil War..

1. The Democratic 1. The Democratic Party’s platform in the Party’s platform in the Election of 1860 Election of 1860 called for popular called for popular sovereignty to decide sovereignty to decide slavery in all of the slavery in all of the territoriesterritories. Platforms . Platforms are the main issues are the main issues presented by a presented by a political party during political party during an election.an election.

Stephen A. Stephen A. Douglas Douglas was the was the Northern Northern Democratic Democratic candidate.candidate.

Douglas is Douglas is nominated nominated to run for to run for president.president.

2. 2. The Southern The Southern states seceded states seceded and dissolved and dissolved their tiestheir ties to the to the United States United States after the election after the election of 1860 because of 1860 because they they believedbelieved Lincoln would Lincoln would abolish slavery.abolish slavery.

The leaders of The leaders of South Carolina South Carolina

voted on secession.voted on secession.

Think-Pair- ShareThink-Pair- ShareHow did the failure to compromise lead How did the failure to compromise lead to Civil War? Why is it important to to Civil War? Why is it important to understand the opinions of the person understand the opinions of the person who you disagree with? Explain a who you disagree with? Explain a situation where you or someone else situation where you or someone else was not willing to compromise. was not willing to compromise. Think about your answer and then turn Think about your answer and then turn to a neighbor and share your thoughts. to a neighbor and share your thoughts. We will share as a group.We will share as a group.

3. The 3. The Republicans Republicans and and Lincoln Lincoln planned to planned to let slavery let slavery stay where it stay where it already was already was but keep it but keep it from from expanding. expanding.

4. Southern 4. Southern leaders justified leaders justified secession by secession by arguing that arguing that since each since each state state had voluntarily had voluntarily joined the Union, joined the Union, it also had the it also had the right to secederight to secede..

         

  

This student is This student is volunteering an volunteering an answer. Does answer. Does this student this student have the right to have the right to take back her take back her answer?answer?

Think-Pair- ShareThink-Pair- Sharepower- The ability to exert control over power- The ability to exert control over others. When should someone be the others. When should someone be the leader over someone else? Describe a leader over someone else? Describe a situation when you followed someone situation when you followed someone and why you did that. Should the federal and why you did that. Should the federal government be able to tell the states government be able to tell the states what to do? Explain your answer. what to do? Explain your answer. Think about your answer and then turn Think about your answer and then turn to a neighbor and share your thoughts. to a neighbor and share your thoughts. We will share as a group.We will share as a group.

5. 5. The only president of the The only president of the Confederate States of America was Confederate States of America was Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis..

Davis is worried Davis is worried about the South.about the South.

6. 6. The The Crittenden Crittenden Compromise Compromise was a proposal was a proposal to save the to save the nationnation from from splitting up by splitting up by compromising compromising on slavery.on slavery.

John J. John J. CrittendenCrittenden

Evacuation of CarolinaEvacuation of Carolina

Think-Pair- ShareThink-Pair- ShareMany historians believe that the Civil Many historians believe that the Civil War was inevitable. Is there anything War was inevitable. Is there anything worth fighting a war for? Explain worth fighting a war for? Explain your answer. What would you be your answer. What would you be willing to fight for? willing to fight for? Think about your answer and then Think about your answer and then turn to a neighbor and share your turn to a neighbor and share your thoughts. We will share as a group.thoughts. We will share as a group.

7. 7. Lincoln spoke Lincoln spoke forcefully forcefully against against secession in his secession in his inauguration inauguration speechspeech but but ended with an ended with an appeal to appeal to friendship.friendship.

                

  

CLOSURE ACTIVITYCLOSURE ACTIVITY

Think about the breakdown of Think about the breakdown of the government that led to the the government that led to the Civil War. Think of one lesson Civil War. Think of one lesson that today’s politicians in that today’s politicians in Washington D.C. could learn Washington D.C. could learn from the mistakes made from the mistakes made before the Civil War. before the Civil War.