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Lyrical Poem

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Introduction

For the ancient Greeks, a

lyric was a songaccompanied by a lyre.

It was short, and it usually

expressed a single emotion,such as joy or sorrow.

The word is now used morebroadly, referring to a poemthat, neither narrative nor

strictly dramatic. But, it is anemotional or reflective

soliloquy.

A lyric is set in present,catching a speaker in amoment of expression.

Types include Ballads,Limericks, Haiku, Sonnets,Free Verse, etc.

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Structure: Framework of a work of literature; theorganization

or over-all design of a work.

Song

A lyric intended to be set in music,or easy to sing.

Songs employ less of the terminalss, z, ch, sh, ed and more of m, n, l,r; less of complicated words and

more of simple ones.

Verse intended to be sung in a

chorus is also referred toas strophicverse.

Sonnet

A lyric of fourteen iambic five-foot

verses. The first eight verses arereferred to as the octaveand

usually are end-stopped.

Shakespearean Sonnet: A sonnetwith the first three quatrains

rhymed as (1, 2, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3, 4; 5,6, 5, 6) and a final couplet (7, 7).

William Shakespeare wrotelyrics for songs in some of theplays. Examples of his lyrical

poem are Spring and Winter.

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A lyrics is melancholy ormournfully contemplative.

Death. Example: Because ICould Not Stop for Death

Elegy

If the lyric is rather long,elaborate, and on a lofty themesuch as immorality or a herosvictory.

Example, WordsworthsHymn toDutyorKeatsOde to a GrecianUrn

Ode/Hymn

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Meter: The pattern of stresses, or beats, in poetry. Much lyric poetry depends on regular meter based either on number of syllables or on stress.

Two syllables With the short or unstressed syllable followed by the long or stressed syllable.

Iambic

Two syllables

With the long or stressed syllable followed by the short or unstressed syllable.

Trochaic

Two unstressed syllables

Pyrrhic

Three syllables, with the first two short or unstressed and the last long or stressed.

Anapestic

Three syllables, with the first one long or stressed and the other two short orunstressed.

Dactylic

Two syllables, with two successive long or stressed syllables.

Spondaic

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Rhythm of rhyme

Blank verse: Therhyme isn't regular(meaning it doesn'tfollow a particular

pattern)

Inconsistent rhymescheme-

(a,b,c,d,a,a)

Unlike sonnet, ituses a single

stanza of (usually)fourteen lines andan intricate rhyme

pattern.

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Language

Uses of figurative language such assimile, metaphor, hyperbole and etc.

Ancient Hebrew poetry relied: Repetition

Alliteration

Chiasmus (a reversal of structures in orderto make a larger point.) for many of itseffects.

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Theme

Love

Death

Victory

Loneliness

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On the Departure Platform

We kissed at the barrier ; and passingthrough she left me, and moment by

moment got smaller and smaller, until

to my view. She was but a spot ;A wee white spot of muslin fluff that

down the diminishing platform bore

through hustling crowds of gentle andrough to the carriage door.

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Under the lamplights fitfulglowers,behind dark groups from far

and near, Whose interests were apart

from ours, she would disappear,Then show again, till I ceased to see

that flexible form, that nebulous white

;And she who was more than my lifeto me had vanished quite.

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We have penned new plans since that fair

fond day,And in season she will appearagainPerhaps in the same soft white

array But never as then !

And why, young man, must eternallyflyAjoy youll repeat, if you love her well

?O friend, nought happens twice thus ;

why, I cannot tell !

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SUMMARY

Thomas Hardys work On theDeparture Platform is a four-line, six

stanza narrative poem. It is a

dramatized account of the sights ofthe speaker as a lady (whom is his

love) leaves him to board a train.

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Although the speaker is very much inlove with the woman, he feels that she

can appear never as of then!due to

their relationship being at its end. The authors use of imagery,

amplification and connotations

expresses in a non-literal form, therelationships ultimate demise at the

hands of the womans loss of love.

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ANALYSIS

As the poem begins, the speaker simplysays, We kissed at the barrier. This sets

the tone of the piece. It is immediately

noticed that he avoids going into detail

about the kiss.

This suggests that it is quick and

disconnected. The speaker does not

mention their relationship or past moments,

only the aspect of leaving; which is

immediately determined by the reader as a

negative.

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The title, the initial line of the poemalong with the one sided non intimate

account all imply that the woman is

leaving him emotionally and heaccounts his feelings as she does so.

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The atmosphere is then furtherdeveloped to cast the image of losing

his love for good. Under the

lamplights fitful glowers, Down thatdiminishing platformboth use

alliteration to focus the reader on

fitful and diminishing.

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The use of apostrophes helps amplifysome of these alliterations throughout

the text. These allow the reader to

focus on how quickly the speaker feelshis relationship is ending and his

melancholic tone as it ends.

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Images created in Thomas Hardys poem

must be taken in a non-literal sense tograsp the true meaning of the speakers

dialect. As he watches her fade, not only

does the woman fade from his physical

and emotional self but also he places her

in a point where she is going to become a

memory that once was. This is further

enforced by his depersonalization of herform, setting her as a spot of muslin fluff.

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Thoughts of the speakers love moving onto another man are a constant theme in

the poem. The thought starts as hedescribes her as walking into a crowd.This symbolism of going back out to findanother is reinforced. Behind dark groups

from far and near, whose interests wereapart from ours, explains the speakersdiscontent with letting her go. The speakertalks of how this is not in the interest of

their relationship before the line Shewould disappear. In this, the speakerproduces the thought of never seeing her

again.

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More powerful verbs and adverbs are usedin parallel with each other. We see themcome up in a rhythmic sequence after thespeaker expresses his melancholic attitudetowards the ending of their relationship.Fitful, apart, disappear, ceased,

nebulous, and vanished are focal pointsof the speakers dialect. These all create apowerful feeling of loss, distance, anduncertainty. When the speaker uses these,

they are all used in describing an actionthat the woman is taking as she leaves thespeaker in the train station. This denotes

his emotional loss for her.

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The final stanza is a one-line remark from

a friend to the speaker himself. In this

dialect, they discuss the possibility offinding another woman for the speaker.

Talking of how young men should always

look for love with Why, young man, musteternally fly.(2101:21) The friend attempts

to comfort the melancholic speaker by

telling him that he will find love again. Thespeaker responds with a pessimistic

remark, which makes the reader feel as

though this love was a once in a lifetime

ordeal.

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Thomas Hardys poem, On the Departure

Platform (2100) is a non-literal account ofthe loss of the readers love; specifically

his relationship with a woman. The

speaker expresses that his love canappear never as of then! (2101:20) due

to her loss of love and distancing from

him. The authors strong use of imagery

and amplification, created the implicationof the speakers relationships ending.

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References

http://uk.ask.com/wiki/Lyric_poetry

http://litera1no4.tripod.com/form_fram

e.html#lyric

http://mobin.com/poetry-guide

http://www2.anglistik.uni-

freiburg.de/intranet/englishbasics/Poet

ryTypes01.htm http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/Elemen

tsLit.html