m id t erm r eview big idea #1: earth scientists use repeatable observations and testable ideas to...
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MID TERM REVIEWBig Idea #1:
Earth Scientists use repeatable observations and testable ideas to understand and explain our planet
Big Idea #2:Earth is a Water Planet
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BIG IDEA #1:
Earth Scientists use repeatable observations and testable ideas to understand and
explain our planet.
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ENERGY THAT DRIVES EARTH’S 4-SYSTEMSWHAT’S THE CONNECTION?
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HOW DO SCIENTISTS THINK?
Critical thinking Strong Observations Extensive Documentation Collaboration
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CREDIBLE ONLINE SOURCES
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DATA VS EVIDENCETURN DATA INTO EVIDENCE
factual information as measurements or statistics used as a basis for reasoning
• something that furnishes proof• something submitted to ascertain the truth of a matter.
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TYPES OF DATA
Qualities VS Quantity
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SHOW ME THE EVIDENCE
• Direct• Indirect•Modeling
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HOW DO WE KNOW EARTH HAD AN ICE AGE?
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EVIDENCE: DIRECT & INDIRECTEarth’s interior
Direct Evidence: Rock Samples
Indirect Evidence :Seismic Waves
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SCIENTIFIC MODELSEXPLAINS SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS
Accurate & Inaccurate
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BIG IDEA #2
Earth is a Water Planet
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WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?WHAT IS THE CONNECTION?
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LETS TALK H2O VOCAB
Surface Tension
DesalinationSalinity
Density Formula
Capillary Action
Specific Heat
Solvent
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THE SCIENCE OF WATERWATER’S 7-UNUSUAL PROPERTIES1. Stronger than normal bonds2. High Surface Tension3. High Boiling Temperatures4. High Specific Heat5. Universal Solvent6. Density of the solid is less than at a liquid state7. Adhesion, Cohesion, Capillary Action
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–
FORMING A WATER MOLECULE
Unequal attraction to bonding electrons Oxygen is a strong
electron grabber (high electronegativity)
Hydrogen’s electron tends to hang out close to oxygen, leaving H’s positively charged
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++H -
O +O +
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WATER IS A POLAR MOLECULE Unequal distribution
of charges on the water molecule make it a polar moleculeOne end is more
negative, and one end is more positive
More positive ends
More negative end
- means partial negative charge+ means partial positive charge
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ELECTRON DENSITY IS UNEVEN The electron density
around the oxygen atom in a water molecule is about 10X greater than the hydrogen atomsThis non-uniform
distribution of positive and negative charges, called a dipole, leads to H2O unusual behavior
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Source: http://www.llnl.gov/str/October05/Mundy.html
Dark Blue= high densityLight Blue= low density
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UNUSUAL PROPERTIES
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LETS TALK OCEAN
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WHERE DOES THE SALT COME FROM?
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WHAT INCREASES & DECREASES SALINITY?
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1. OCEAN LAYERS FROM THE SHORE
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1. OCEAN LAYERS DEPTH: 3-ZONES
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2. OCEAN VARIATIONS
Temperature: Thermocline
Density: Pycnocline
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WATER ON A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE= UNEQUAL HEATING
Lon
git
ud
eLatitude
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3. OCEAN CURRENTSWhat drives them?How do they form?Effect of cold currents on climate?What is the role in maintaining Earth’s heat balance?
2-Types: Density currents Deep ocean currents
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4. WAVESWAVES TRANSFERS ENERGY FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER
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5. TIDESDAILY CHANGES IN THE ELEVATION OF THE OCEAN SURFACE