maghrenov deliverable 3.3 - synthetic roadmap adapted to regional climatic economical and societal...

DELIVERABLE

Project Acronym: MAGHRENOVGrant Agreement number:

609453

Project Title: Convergence between EU and MAGHREB MPC innovation systems in the field of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RE&EE) – A test-bed for fostering Euro Mediterranean Innovation Space (EMIS)

D3.3 SYNTHETIC ROADMAPS

ADAPTED TO REGIONAL CLIMATIC,

ECONOMICAL AND SOCIETAL

CHARACTERISTICSVersion: 1.0

Authors: Antoni MARTINEZ (KIC InnoEnergy)Emilien SIMONOT (KIC InnoEnergy)Lucienne KROSSE (KIC InnoEnergy)Aart DE GEUS (KIC InnoEnergy)Nadia ZEDDOU (IRESEN)

Internal Reviewers:Abdelhak CHAIBI (R&D Maroc)Helene BEN KHEMIS (ANME)

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under the grant agreement no. 609453.

D3.3 Synthetic Roadmaps Adapted to Regional Climatic, Economical and Societal Characteristics

Josep BORDONAU (UPC)

Dissemination Level

P Public X

C Confidential, only for members of the consortium and the Commission Services

Table of ContentsTable of Contents.....................................................................................................................2

Table of Tables........................................................................................................................3

Table of Figures.......................................................................................................................3

Revision History.......................................................................................................................4

Executive Summary.................................................................................................................5

1 Introduction........................................................................................................................6

2 EuroMed Renewable Energies Roadmaps...........................................................................7

2.1 Context of the Document.............................................................................................7

2.2 Market challenges and business drivers.......................................................................8

2.3 Technologies to address those challenges..................................................................10

2.4 Roadmap: Overview...................................................................................................11

2.5 Roadmap: Details per Topic Selected.........................................................................15

2.5.1 Details per Technology/Product/Service/Application Selected:.............................15

2.5.2 Assessment on “Impactibility” of Selected Topic:.................................................29

2.5.3 Industry Value Chain Necessary...........................................................................47

2.5.4 Actions Needed to Increase “Impactability” (Action Plan).....................................48

3 EuroMed Energy Efficiency Roadmap...............................................................................49

3.1 Introduction: General data for the profile of the building & Industry sector................49

3.2 Conclusions and Observations, Based on Information from Maghreb Countries.........56

3.3 The Roadmap: Smart Cities and Buildings..................................................................58

3.3.1 Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage......................................................59

3.3.2 Energy Efficient buildings.....................................................................................61

3.3.3 ocal energy networks in the city...........................................................................63

3.3.4 4 Intelligent energy efficient cities........................................................................65

© MAGHRENOV Consortium Version 1.0 - 03/08/20142


3.3.5 Roadmap: Future Hotels.......................................................................................67

3.3.5.1 Energy producing hotel, active systems............................................................67

3.3.5.2 Energy producing hotels passive systems.........................................................69

3.4 Table of Measures for Energy Efficiency in the Industry.............................................71

4 Conclusion........................................................................................................................73

5 References.......................................................................................................................74

6 Annex 1. List of participating experts...............................................................................75

Table of TablesTable 1 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Farms and O&M Improvements.................29

Table 2 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions.............................................................................................................................................. 30Table 3 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Assessment......................................................31Table 4 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Manufacturing and Logistics......................................32Table 5 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Power Transmission and Grid Integration..................33Table 6 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Small & Mid-Scale Wind Turbines..............................34Table 7 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Cells and Modules................................................35Table 8 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions.............................................................................................................................................. 36Table 9 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Systems Integration.............................................37Table 10 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Autonomous Power Systems...................................38Table 11 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Higher Plant Efficiency.............................................41Table 12 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Lower Investment and O&M Costs and Increased Sustainability.........................................................................................................................44Table 13 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Thermal Storage......................................................46Table 14 - Tunisia' Industrial Sector.......................................................................................50Table 15 - Heating and Cooling Consumption in Morocco......................................................51Table 16 - Table of Measures for Energy Efficiency in the Industry........................................72

Table of FiguresFigure 1 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Wind Energy........................12

Figure 2 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Photovoltaic......................13Figure 4 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Thermal Electricity (STE)...14Figure 5 - Maghreb Countries, Geographical Information.......................................................49Figure 6 - Climatic Zones in Morocco.....................................................................................51Figure 7 - National Energy Consumption in Morocco..............................................................52Figure 8 - Energy Efficiency Potential in Mediterranean Region South 2010-2030.................53



Figure 9 - The Five Pillars of Morocco’s Energy Strategy........................................................54Figure 10 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage...........................................................................................................................59Figure 11 - KIC Inno Energy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Efficiency Buildings..........62Figure 12 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Urban Energy Networks................64Figure 13 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Cities.................................66Figure 14 - KIC Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Producing Hotels..............................................69Figure 15 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Producing Hotels...............71

Revision History

Revision Date Author Organization

Description

0.1 21/07/2014 E.SIMONOT

A.DE GEUS

KIC SE

KIC SE

Initial draft

0.2 23/07/2014 E.SIMONOT

A.DE GEUS

KIC SE

KIC SE

Experts review

0.3 30/07/2014 H.BEN KHEMIS

J. BORDONAU

A.CHAIBI

ANME

UPC

R&D Maroc

Consortium partners review

1.0 31/07/2014 E.SIMONOT

A.DE GEUS

KIC SE

KIC SE

Final Version


Statement of originality:

This deliverable contains original unpublished work except where clearly indicated otherwise. Acknowledgement of previously published material and of the work of others has been made through appropriate citation, quotation or both.


Executive SummaryKIC InnoEnergy is leader within the MAGHRENOV consortium of the task of the elaboration of thematic roadmaps adapted to Mediterranean and Maghreb regional climatic, economic and societal characteristics. Those roadmaps are strategic documents with the objective to set up a frame for the EuroMed cooperation in technology innovation in sustainable energy. This frame is to be used as a basis for WP4 activities, namely “Support to joint innovation projects” where concrete innovation projects may be funded under a MAGHRENOV EuroMed joint call for proposal foreseen in January 2015 and January 2016.

The deliverable D3.3 Synthetic roadmaps adapted to climatic, economical and societal characteristics is composed of two roadmaps - Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency. The present document deals with the most relevant Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency Technologies in the Mediterranean area context, for “Renewable Energies” theme namely:

Wind Energy Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal Electricity

and “Energy Efficient Buildings and Cities” :

Local energy supply, conversion and storage Energy Efficient Buildings Local energy networks within the city Intelligent Energy Efficient Cities Based on the information from the Maghreb countries the topic of touristic sector has been added. For this sector 2 roadmaps are added: Energy producing hotel, active systems; and Energy producing hotels, passive systems

Methodology which was used to adopt KIC InnoEnergy Technology roadmaps was based on co-development and cooperation approach between experts from KIC InnoEnergy, Morocco and Tunisia, such as interviews with experts, documents sharing, Renewable Energies Roadmap applies inaddition matrix methodology which allows to identify more specifically technologies with higher potential.

This deliverable is logically arrives ahead of future MAGHRENOV project deliverables in the work package “Knowledge and Infrastructures for Innovation”, namely:

D3.4 Catalogue of evaluated competences (KIC IE SE)D3.5 Prioritization of joint objectives for R&D and support to innovation (ANME)D3.6 List of existing facilities along with the ESFRI classification scheme (IRESEN)D3.7 Workshop articulating with ESFRI AgendaD3.8 Investment opportunity reports on Infrastructures

Synthetic Roadmaps in RE and EE will enrich and complete the MAGHRENOV RE&EE Knowledge database which is enabled in the framework of the project.



1 IntroductionThe objective of the Deliverable 3.3 is to establish specific technology innovation roadmaps for EuroMed Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency (RE&EE). To carry out this deliverables, experts of KIC InnoEnergy based their analysis of different innovative technologies in Mediterranean Partners Countries (MPCs) on the existing KIC InnoEnergy roadmaps as well national roadmaps from Morocco and Tunisia.

Synthetic roadmaps for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency were developed to optimally address regional needs and priorities with a view on collaboration and co-development.

This deliverable is an important cornerstone to prepare the further launch of an experimental call and brokerage event for joint innovative projects in the area of RE&EE in January 2015. It will help to identify collaborative projects bridging between R&D obtained results and innovation, task which will be carried out by KIC InnoEnergy (The Netherlands), IRESEN (Morocco), R&DMaroc (Morocco) and ANME (Tunisia)



2 EuroMed Renewable Energies Roadmaps


2.1 Context of the Document

As part of the MAGHRENOV project activities, KIC InnoEnergy is leading the elaboration of thematic roadmaps adapted to Mediterranean and Maghreb regional climatic, economic and societal characteristics. Those roadmaps are strategic documents with the objective to set up a frame for the EuroMed cooperation in technology innovation in sustainable energy. This frame is to be used as a basis for WP4 activities where concrete innovation projects may be funded under a EuroMed joint call for proposal.The present document deals with the most relevant Renewable Energies Technologies in the Mediterranean area context:

- Wind Energy- Solar Photovoltaic- Solar Thermal Electricity

Observations:This working document is the template that will be used for the development of the Renewable Energies Technologies Roadmaps due end of June 2014 (Task 3.A. – deliverable 3.3).This template can be modified and/or adjusted according to the needs inherent to each technology, but the overall structure should remain as presented here.The strategies and roadmaps defined in this document need to focus on topics and areas in order to reach the highest possible impact in the market. This impact has to be monitored under the following criteria:

- Shortest time to market for the technology involved (ideally not more than 5 years);

- Highest impact in: decrease of levelized cost of energy, increase of operability, decrease of GHG effects (those impacts are even more important as are included technology fields related with heating & cooling and steam production) and supply/demand integration;

- Possibility for identified EuroMed industry to reach a market leadership position (include local employment issues) with an accent on co-development;

- Identified interest and commitment from industry from North and South, as well;

- Foreseeable regulatory convergence and impact;

- Required and diversified investments to develop innovation;

- Local capacity to address the objective of the roadmaps (will be addressed further in the competence mapping, D3.4)


2.2 Market Challenges and Business Drivers

The priorities of renewable energies technologies have been defined in the three sectors where their potential impact is most important, in terms of lower energy costs, market volume, CO2 emission savings, and network integration in period 2014-2019: Wind, Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Electricity.

The challenges for each technology are:

WIND ENERGY:Commercial onshore wind energy exists since about 25 years and is considered a relatively mature technology. Its implementation is localised principally in Western Europe, North America and China. Since a few years, wind farm developments are occurring in new geographical areas such as South America, Northern Europe and Northern Africa with specific challenges due to local context (climatic, economic, grids, etc…).The market challenges to be addressed in Northern Africa focus on enabling the deployment of wind energy both for small to medium scale application (ideally connected to commercial or industrial loads) as they have to face the increasing competitiveness of PV installations; and for large wind farms aiming at powering national grids as well as exporting energy through international connexions to Europe. More concretely: Reduction of the LCOE (Levelised Cost Of Energy) through Wind Farm and O&M

improvements, risks mitigation.

Adapt wind turbine design to Northern Africa specific conditions (high temperature variations, dust, radiation, specific wind conditions, etc.), include innovative concepts, design and materials of the components. This topic includes, if needed the design of small to mid-scale wind turbines.

Better accuracy of the wind assessment for design improvement, siting & layout and production forecast.

Adapted production processes and logistics: manufacturing, transport and installation solutions.

Improving the grid integration for increasing the wind farms deployment, including energy storage and low to mid voltage applications.

Develop the use of small and mid-scale wind turbines

Supply/demand integration.

SOLAR PV:In a short – medium term, the market challenge is the cost reduction and improved performance c-Si, and thin film PV (TFPV) to achieve the grid parity for retail electricity. Grid parity would be the key for the strong deployment of the Building Integrated PV (BIPV) applications for both technologies. In the case of TFPV, cost and life-time effective use of new


substrates will result in new products and business opportunities related to BIPV and other new applications. In a longer term, advanced materials and processes will be the challenges.

PV has also an important role to play in the power supply of isolated and remote power systems, either as stand-alone technology or as part of hybrid systems including, diesel generator, wind energy, storage, etc. In this case, the challenge focus on cost reduction to make those projects economically feasible (especially in term of CAPEX) and on improving their reliability with a view on supply/demand integration.Large PV plants have also to be considered as part of the expected PV development in Northern Africa with challenges linked to cost optimisation to ensure plants feasibility, to operation and to grid integration.Eventually, common challenges to all PV installation in Maghreb have to be addressed such as the adaptation of cells and modules to local conditions (higher radiation and temperatures) and locally dust and sand impact which might be addressed by new specific standards from design and operation perspective.Overall, the market challenges are: To increase efficiency, stability and life time as key factors to reduce PV costs, improving

design, components (coatings, etc.), O&M strategies and certification processes to local condition with adapted standards.

Adapt / select (beyond existing one) technology to Northern Africa specific conditions (high temperature variations, dust, radiation, etc.), include innovative concepts, design and materials of the components.

Improve controllability and forecasting of PV systems output to optimise operation and integration in power systems / national grid.

Low cost / high reliability systems for remote/isolated applications, including storage and demand-adapted solutions.

Building Integrated PV (BIPV).

SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY (STE):The market challenge in Solar Thermal Energy (STE), also known as Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), is to reach effective LCOE that make it possible to install STE plants without subsidies (feed-in tariffs or tax credits). The main issues are: increasing efficiency, cost reduction on the components and O&M with increased sustainability, and energy management by improved storage.This technology also presents high potential in the field of heating and cooling as well as steam production. In Maghreb, the application spans from improving the penetration of renewable energies in industry or other scenarios, thanks to small scale applications (heat, cool or electricity production) to new applications for steam production such as supporting the exploitation of end of life oil rigs.This technology is of special interest in a medium term as important projects (like Desertec) plans to organise a massive power generation from STE plants in Northern Africa to feed European power systems, converting Maghreb region in an important hub of the European energy system. The market challenges are: Improve designs to reduce the land requirement & increase plant efficiency.


Lower investment and O&M costs in order to reduce the LCOE (including installation methodology to reduce costs, building lead times, H&S issues, etc.). Improved handling of sustainability issues.

Decrease costs of specific storage technology (thermal).


2.3 Technologies to Address those Challenges

Identified appropriate technologies to overcome the challenges are:

WIND ENERGY: Wind Farm and O&M improvements Design and components adapted to local conditions Wind assessment Manufacturing and logistics Power transmission and grid integration Small and mid-scale wind turbines

SOLAR PV: PV cells and modules PV Systems integration Autonomous power systems Design and components adapted to local conditions

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE): Higher plant efficiency Lower investment and O&M costs & increased sustainability Thermal storage


2.4 Roadmap: Overview

The following charts are shown as an example of the final result that has to be reached in this section of the document. The content of the charts comes from KIC InnoEnergy V1 roadmap.



Wind farm & operation and maintenance improvements

Design and components adapted to local conditions

Wind assessment

Manufacturing & Logistics

Power transmission & grid integration

Small & mid-scale wind turbines

Grid integration strategies at power system level & long distance transmission

Design and adapted standards for small and mid-scale wind turbines

Improvement in siting and micrositing & in wind fore- and nowcasting

Advanced wind farm control & improved operation and maintenance strategies

Development of adapted wind turbine designs and standards

Optimisation of WTG components and new products adapted to Mediterranean conditions

Development and update of wind energy atlases

WIND ENERGY

• Reduction of the LCOE through Wind Farm and O&M improvements, risks mitigation• Adapt turbine design to Northern Africa specific conditions, including innovative concepts and materials of the components• Better accuracy of the wind assessment for design improvement, siting & layout and production forecast• Adapted production processes and logistics: manufacturing, transport and installation solutions• Improving grid integration for increasing wind energy deployment, including energy storage and low to mid voltage applications• Develop the use of small and mid-scale wind turbines

2020

Cha

lleng

esPr

oduc

ts &

Ser

vice

s

Target

2014 20202016 2018

Energy Storage and smart grid management

Development of hybrid systems

Improvement in manufacturing processes & logistics

Important OPEX reduction leading to a minimum 2% LCOE decrease

Technical optimisation will bring together an economical optimisation with impact through relevant LCOE decrease up to 5%

Increase of market attractivenessIncrease of operabilityOverall reduced impact on LCOE (lower than 1%)

Impact on project acceptanceLCOE impact low

Demonstrate and implement gridintegration of wind energy.Increase wind energy penetration.

Increase the use of wind energy for the distributed supply.Reduce the cost of small wind power.

Figure 1 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Wind Energy



Improvement of forecasting and nowcasting of PV production based on metrological data

System design with improved grid integration capabilities and demonstration of smart grid implementation

PV cells and modules

Design and components adapted to local conditions

PV systems integration

Autonomous power systems

Building-integrated PV

Adaptation of existing technologies to typical technical specifications for Northern Africa regions

Development of product selection and specific certification strategies

Development of BiPV systems


SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC

• Improving design, components, O&M strategies and certification to local standards for increasing key factors (efficiency, etc.)• Adapt technology to Northern Africa specific conditions, including innovative concepts, design, and materials of the components.• Improving controllability and forecasting of PV systems output to optimise operation and integration in power systems• Low cost/high reliability systems for remote/isolated applications, including storage• Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

2020

Cha

lleng

esPr

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Target

Energetic optimised use of the BiPV generated electricity

Low cost highly reliable components for autonomous systems, including production devices and storage

2014 20202016 2018

Targeted improvements in cell technology, cell and module design and manufacturing and balance of plant

Development of adapted certification strategies

Development of adapted cleaning systems

Monitoring and control of PV systems in isolated remote areas and their electrochemical storage

Applications to water pumping and desalination

Increase cell performance: efficiency, lifetime and reduce degradation.Increase recyclability.

Selection of most adapted existing devices to local conditions.Short term cost optimisation.Development of specific system for the operation of the plants.

Increase operability and integration of PV energy into the grid.Increase the distributed generation

Increase the electrification of remote areas with cheapest and more reliable technology.

Deliver suitable materials for lowcost and reliable BIPV.

Figure 2 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Photovoltaic



Higher plant efficiency

Lower investment and O&M costs & improved sustainability

Thermal storage

High-temperature receivers with improved coating and matching advanced heat transfer fluids

Software-supported component and plant design and operational control


SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE)

• Increasing competitiveness of STE plants and reduce land requirement• Lowering investment and O&M costs in order to reduce LCOE• Better dispatchability and grid integration allow a higher market penetration• Finding solutions for countries with specific constraints (scarce water, sand storms)

2020

Cha

lleng

esPr

oduc

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Ser

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Target

2014 20202016 2018

Innovative thermodynamic cycles and alternative working fluids

Optimized collector and collector field design

Reduced or no water consumption by use of improved cleaning methods and efficient dry-cooling systems

Improved durability and lifetime assessment of key components

Modular plant design

Design of piping and instrumentation tools

Improved storage properties & thermochemical storage systems

Better grid implementation and storage functions of smart grids

Hybridisation with other fuel types (biomass, natural gas, etc.)

Wide bunch of activities with relevant impact in CAPEX & OPEX and an expected reduction of LCOE higher than 10%.Significant potential impact on local development through local content products.

Most relevant impact is relative to a lower water consumption.Improvement of OPEX leads also to an expected 2 to 3% decrease of LCOE.

Increase the integration of STE as well as its use as a dispatchabletechnology.LCOE potentially reduced by 2 to 3%.

Figure 3 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Renewable Energies - Solar Thermal Electricity (STE)



2.5 Roadmap: Details per Topic Selected

2.5.1Details per Technology/Product/Service/Application Selected:

WIND ENERGY:

TOPIC name Subtopic short description Economic and social impact comments1.1 Wind Farm and O&M improvements

Subtopic 1.1.1-Advanced Wind Farm control strategy

Development of more holistic control strategies with understanding of the different operation drivers and the potential to provide multi-objective optimal control of wind farms to minimize LCOE, maximize revenues and soften the impact in the power systems.

The implementation of such systems suppose relevant improvement of existing tools, meaning reasonable increases of the CAPEX linked to the turbine and balance of plant. The impact on OPEX is positive, with an expected reduction due to a more efficient targeted operation strategy with an overall reduction of LCOE possibly reaching 1%.

Subtopic 1.1.2-Improvement in Operation and Maintenance strategies

Introduction of new techniques and tools to improve the maintenance of Wind Farms, possibly including: inventory management, improved inspections and repairs, condition monitoring, etc…

A relatively controlled increase on CAPEX, principally due to implementation of new systems on the turbine, is responsible for a high reduction of OPEX (mainly unplanned OPEX), leading to a relevant impact on LCOE reaching almost 1,5%.

1.2 Design and components adapted to local conditions

Subtopic 1.2.1-Development of adapted wind turbine designs and standards

Current wind turbine designs and standards are adapted to temperate climates rather than to extreme climates. Adapt those designs and standards to high temperature and highly abrasive environment (dust concentration).

The adaptation to existing equipment to local conditions will affect directly through a CAPEX increase that will be compensate by further OPEX optimization as WTG will suffer less from climatic conditions. The expected resulting impact in a substantial reduction of the LCOE.

Subtopic 1.2.2-Optimisation of WTG components and new products adapted to Mediterranean conditions

Adaptation of integrated & multi variable design tools for ad-hoc design of components in a perspective of increased performance in Mediterranean conditions.

Required investments can increase the CAPEX of up to 7% but resulting lower OPEX (1% reduction) and higher yields could lead to LCOE reduction higher than 5%, probably close to 8%.



1.3 Wind assessment

Subtopic 1.3.1-Development and update of wind energy atlases

Publication and constant update of national, large scale wind energy database. Mobilisation of last generation of measuring techniques and application of last published standards. Those tools provide useful information in the wind farm development phase.

Low CAPEX reduction as it allows a better geographical focus during the resource assessment phase.Risk mitigation linked to the resource assessment phase.Expected low impact on LCOE but will have an impact on increasing the market attractiveness for local and foreign developers

Subtopic 1.3.2-Improvement in siting and micrositing

Optimization of siting and micrositing techniques to ensure efficient layout of wind farms as well as selection of the most appropriate WTG.Problematic to be solved: specific wind regimes and wind shear, complex terrain and forest modelling.

Low CAPEX increase due to the necessity to invest on new modelling tools.Increase of the energy production.Reduction of the losses (basically aerodynamic losses).Expected: around 1% decrease of LCOE.

Subtopic 1.3.3-Improvement in wind forecasting and nowcasting

Development or adaptation of adapted tools and models to improve the short term forecasting of the wind energy production to help softening the integration of wind energy into the grid.

Increase of OPEX to implement the needed tools.Reduction of losses due to wind energy curtailments from the Power System Operator.The expected impact on LCOE is reduced (lower than 0,2%) but increase of the operability of the whole wind energy portfolio at country level, thus a higher potential wind energy penetration, meaning a higher market size.

1.4 Manufacturing and logistics

Subtopic 1.4.1-Improvement in manufacturing processes

Lower the manufacturing costs and make them more flexible to allow mobile and local fabrication units for some of the elements of the wind farm.

Development of local manufacturing activities with positive impact on social acceptance of the technology by local population.In summary, expected minimum reduction of CAPEX gain on logistic savings and small LCOE reduction possible.

Subtopic 1.4.2-Improvement of logistic

Develop and use innovative transport solutions and multi-part components (blades).

Reduction of logistic time both in construction and operation phase with improvement on CAPEX (0,5%) and OPEX (0,2%) and overall impact on LCOE not reaching 0,5% reduction.



1.5 Power transmission and grid integration

Subtopic 1.5.1-Grid integration strategies at power system level

In close cooperation with all the players of the electricity systems, develop adapted and reasonable requirements to ensure the smooth integration of renewable energies into the grid, ie ancillary services, voltage control, inertia, etc...Design and develop the necessary products (hardware & software) as well as services to ensure the compliance with those requirements.

Expected increase in CAPEX and OPEX due to the installation and maintenance of equipment to ensure the compliance with grid codes, meaning an increase of LCOE.The positive impact relies in the increase of the value of the produced electricity and the possibility to increase wind energy penetration into the grid.

Subtopic 1.5.2-Energy Storage and smart grid management

Evaluation and implementation of energy storage systems at different scale: WTG, WF, regional or national based and focusing on the different existing technologies: flywheels, pressured water / air, power to gas, batteries, hydrogen, etc…Development of smart grid solutions and management is crucial to integrate the new flexible generation sources together with storage, baseloads and other policy driven measures (electric vehicles, demand side management, etc...)

Expected increase in CAPEX and OPEX due to the installation and maintenance of storage equipment meaning an increase of LCOE.The positive impact relies in the increase of the value of the produced electricity and the possibility to increase wind energy penetration into the grid.

Subtopic 1.5.3-Long distance transmission and interconnections

Reinforcement and new concept of infrastructure that allow the connection and exportation of electricity to other geographic areas, across log transmission lines. The objective is to reduce drastically the transmission losses.Point to point HVDC, multiterminal HVDC, etc...

Development of massive generation capacity in northern Africa to provide power to the EU implies several technology challenges that should be addressed to reduce the cost of those installations (both CAPEX and OPEX) as well as the losses over long power-lines.



1.6 Small & Mid-Scale Wind Turbines

Subtopic 1.6.1-Design and adapted standards for small and mid-scale wind turbines.

Develop adapted standards and designs to adapt small to mid-scale wind turbine to local needs and constraints.

Impact on the increase of the wind energy share in the power system. Those technologies present higher cost than the large scale wind farms.

Subtopic 1.6.2-Development of hybrid system.

Wind solar, wind diesel, wind hydrogen, etc… systems to provide safe and secure energy to isolated consumption points.

Positive impact for specific application related to rural electrification, isolated consumption points or support to industrial loads.



SOLAR PV:

TOPIC name Subtopic short description Economic and social impact comments

2.1 PV cells and modules

Subtopic 2.1.1-Targeted improvement in solar cell technology

Define and set the technological choices according to climatic and environmental conditions.Develop techniques and processes to adapt technology to specific and local conditions, including (no exhaustive list):- Improvement of Silicon materials, processes and designs needed for crystalline silicon photovoltaic- Improvement of processes for thin film photovoltaics- Improvement in cell architecture adapted to CPV (concentrated photovoltaic)- Development of new conceptsOverall, testing of those innovations with development of tests for accelerated ageing.

Optimization of cell performance.Assure longer term and higher energy output: 30 years as minimum life time and 90% of remaining performanceNew materials development to reduce PV system costs, recyclable and easily integrated in automated manufacturing processes. Increase efficiency in the range of 18-22% for Si and 12-17% for Thin Film technology.

Subtopic 2.1.2-Targeted improvement in cell and module design and manufacturing/production

Reduction of PV costs in Northern Africa via the introduction of new PV solar cells and modules concepts that can ensure the efficiency stability in arid and semi-arid regions. Includes:- Material, process and architecture improvements targeting efficiency increase- new encapsulation focused on reducing weight, cost and losses while allowing to increase the lifetime over 30 years. Improve the encapsulation properties for higher resistance to specific ambient conditions.- antisoiling and antireflective surface solutions, including management of TCO surface for thin film technology- backsheets based on new materials with a positive impact on cost, processing time,

Optimization of module performance.Assure longer term and higher energy output: 30 years as minimum life time and 90% of remaining performanceNew materials development to reduce PV system costs, recyclable and easily integrated in automated manufacturing processes Investment in module production lines should be optimized in the next year by more than 10 to 15%.



reliability and durability.- Substitution of conventional materials (example: aluminum vs plastics)- Specific design / strategies to reduce the degradation mechanismsOverall, testing of those innovations with development of tests for accelerated ageing.

Subtopic 2.1.3-Targeted improvement in Balance of Pant

Optimization of PV plant costs by the development of specific and adapted components and devices belonging to the Balance Of Plant, including the electrical system, support structures and low cost tracking systems, and other improvement linked to CAPEX and OPEX.

Expected reduction of the costs related to Balance Of Plant of 10% in the next years

Subtopic 2.1.4-Development of adapted certification strategies

Characterization of innovative photovoltaic modules and equipment (Standards and standardization). Testing of innovative PV solar cells, modules and other components under severe climate conditions. Certification of the products in local conditions.

Improvement of the adaptability of PV systems to local conditions. Market driver/booster.



2.2 Design and components adapted to local conditions

Subtopic 2.2.1-Adaptation of existing technologies to typical technical specifications for Northern Africa regions.

Determination of the required qualities and properties to ensure the right applications of existing cell and module technologies to specific conditions: temperature variation, effect of dust and radiation.Evaluate the benefit of the possibility to combine two different existing technologies to answer specific needs.The concept should be extended to Balance Of Plant.

Possibility to reach significant cost reduction in the very short term, together with incrementing the experience of the overall PV sector on understanding the climatic conditions in Northern Africa countries, and, by the way, accelerating the development of ad-hoc PV systems.

Subtopic 2.2.2-Development of product selection and specific certification strategies

Characterization of existing photovoltaic modules and equipment (Standards and standardization). Testing local and foreign manufactured PV solar cells, modules and equipment under severe climate conditions. Benchmark and certification of the products

See previous



according to local conditions.

Subtopic 2.2.3-Development of adapted cleaning systems

Smart cleaning systems with low water consumption

Reduction of OPEX and environmental impact of PV plants in arid and scarce water sites.Increase of social and political acceptance of PV plants.



2.3 PV Systems integration

Subtopic 2.3.1-Design of systems and their components to improve PV grid integration capabilities

Development of dedicated and systems at the level of modules, inverters, controllers, integrated storage, etc… Integrated power electronics and other devices to increase the controllability of PV Systems and allow providing new services to the power systems (ancillary services).PV inverters optimized for different PV technologies with improved lifetime and lower cost.

Ensure the operability of PV in a wide range of grid conditions. Enhance the vision of PV as a technical solution to grid stability rather than a problem.This concrete series of innovation might generate higher CAPEX due the necessity of implementing systems for grid codes compliance but the overall objectives is about increasing the amount of PV absorbed by the grid then decreasing the LCOE at large scale.

Subtopic 2.3.2-Improvement of forecasting and nowcasting of PV production based on metrological data

Development or adaptation of tools and models to improve the short term forecasting of PV production to help softening the integration of wind energy into the grid. Include modelling capacity to evaluate the impact of distributed generation variation in the system operation.

There is a need for the system operators to anticipate the variation of PV outputs at all scale in order for energy dispatching purpose. There is a need both a CAPEX and OPEX level for PV installations to develop such forecasting systems, with an overall impact focused in increasing the penetration of PV in the power systems.

Subtopic 2.3.3-Proof of concept for Smart Grid projects in combination with smart PV systems

Integrate PV systems in wider smart grid projects, including advanced forecasting and automated output control strategy, cost effective onboard storage or demand side management mechanisms to ensure the full operability at the lowest cost.From a different perspective: integrate more small PV Plant and storage facilities.

As well as for the previous points related to grid integration, the integration of PV in Smartgrid is expected to require some new investments in control hardware and software to bring PV technology at the required level of operability.



2.4 Autonomous power systems

Subtopic 2.4.1-Low cost highly reliable components for autonomous systems, including production devices and storage.

Components adapted to operate in remote access areas such as micro-grid, island, off-grid PV or hybrid systems.

A certain number of investments in critical components of a PV installation could allow increasing their durability then reduce drastically OPEX. As a result, LCOE reduction of more than 5% could be expected but also the possibility to strengthen the positioning of PV as the most suitable technology for the growing market of isolated, off-grid application

Subtopic 2.4.2-Monitoring and control of the electrochemical storage of solar energy.

Advanced load controllers to ensure a smooth integration of energy in autonomous plants based on different generation devices and integrated storage.

Storage is a costly solution but bring a lot of added value to PV energy as it enhances the dispatchability of PV. If the impact in terms of cost of energy is relevant, it allows to refine the commercialization strategies then to increase the benefits for the plant owners.

Subtopic 2.4.3-Monitoring PV systems in isolated remote areas

Remote/low cost monitoring of quality and condition based maintenance strategy to ensure the right functioning of distributed PV system (on and off-grid applications)

As per the development of more reliable component, the development of monitoring techniques for PV installations will suppose a balance between a greater CAPEX associated to a resulting lower OPEX. Overall, and considering the scenario of application, the final value is to demonstrate that PV is a reliable technology for the needed applications.

Subtopic 2.4.4-Applications to water pumping and desalination. -

Water pumping and desalination are energy intensive activities. Till today they are dependent of fossil fuel costs. The use of renewable energies in general and of PV in particular for those purposes will stabilize the cost of water on the short term and bring it down on the long term.



2.5 BIPV

Subtopic 2.5.1-Building Integrated PV (BIPV)

Development of low cost and multifunctional BIPV products that can be used as construction material (certified) (example: PV capacitated glass)Development of new installation concepts and methods.Ideally, pilot projects to demonstrate BIPV feasibility.

The objective are to reduce the cost of BIPV at CAPEX and OPEX levels, keeping in mind the services that BIPV materials are expected to give and the added value for customers. Of course LCOE from BIPV systems are not comparable with the rest of traditional PV technology.

Subtopic 2.5.2-Development of dedicated solution/uses to enhance the use of BIPV systems

Development of storage solutions adapted to BIPV or specific consumption associated to PV (air cooling, etc…)

See previous



SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE):

TOPIC name Subtopic short description Economic and social impact comments

3.1 Higher plant efficiency

Subtopic 3.1.1-Alternative working fluids

Research alternative working fluids that result in high efficient cycle at low temperatures such as super critical CO2

Reduce the water consumption by not using water as a working fluid and by reducing water needs for system cooling, develop new technology and new business market for this new technology. The expected effects are an increase of 1% of CAPEX and relevant reduction of OPEX (around 2%) but final increase of LCOE around 2%.

Subtopic 3.1.2-Alternative heat transfer fluids

Higher temperature levels of the HTF allow both higher efficiency of the power block and higher storage capacity per unit volume. The main challenge to overcome is widening up the operational bands of the working fluids.

Slightly higher operational expenditures allow an increase in efficiency and furthermore electricity output. The overall LCOE will be lower with a potential to bring it up to 5% down.

Subtopic 3.1.3-Innovative cyclesCycles that offer high efficiency at lower temperatures example: Super critical CO2, ORC, direct steam generation

Improve efficiency which reduces the required solar field area, hence less land requirement and lower amount of raw material usage. At impact level, this innovation will not reach a relevant commercial maturity within the next 5 years but initial works to bring capacitive product to the market are possible.

Subtopic 3.1.4-Higher-temperature receivers and improved selective coatings

Higher solar absorptivity, lower thermal losses (radiant and convective), and lower thermal stresses can be achieved by means of more efficient and innovative designs and better selective coatings.

Although higher CAPEX may be expected, the improvement of the annual overall efficiency of a central receiver could decrease LCOE. Depending on the technology, LCOE reduction of between 1 and 3% can be expected.

Subtopic 3.1.5-Software implementation - Design and operation

Software can support the plant development process on component level in form of design tools for receivers and other equipment, as well as on system level to improve overall plant efficiency. In operation software tools help to optimize performance of the plant.

The software supported design process helps keeping CAPEX low, while software based plant development and operation increase the electricity output. Both measures aim on a decrease in LCOE. The expected impact is high with up to 5% reduction of LCOE achievable.

Subtopic 3.1.6-Optimised collector and collector field

The improvement should concern the concentrators/heliostats: lower manpower

Economic impact: significant CAPEX reduction (up to 5%), OPEX reduction (up to 3%) and thus



design

requirements for manufacturing and assembly, use of cheaper materials.Improved concepts for collector fields for optimizing efficiency.

LCOE reduction (up to 5%), Social impact: local development

3.2 Lower investment and O&M costs and increased sustainability

Subtopic 3.2.1-Modular design Modular systems allowing fast installation and construction in phases

Provides flexibility in construction and could accelerate permitting

Subtopic 3.2.2-Reduced water consumption during mirror cleaning and low-soiling characteristics

New cleaning machines of low water usage and low-soiling surfaces for concentrator mirrors and receivers allow lower maintenance needs of STE plants and lower water consumption.

Saving the scarce resource of water for other usages such as irrigation. This topic not only has positive influence on the environmental impact of STE plant, but it will also result in lower OPEX and an improvement of the LCOE, with an expected decrease of 0,3%.

Subtopic 3.2.3-Water free mirror cleaning

Cleaning solutions with low or zero water consumption reduces OPEX

Reduces negative impact on environment and put less pressure on the availability of water resources

Subtopic 3.2.4-Improved dry-cooling systems

Use of dry cooling systems instead of wet cooling to reduce water consumption drastically.

The investment would be higher but the operation would be cheaper. Due to the lower plant efficiency, the LCOE could increase, potentially up to 2% or more.Social impact: local development, social acceptance

Subtopic 3.2.5-Durability and lifetime assessment of key components

More reliable behaviour of key components (receiver tubes, ball-joints, TES, heat exchangers, steam generators, pumps, etc.) and use of scratch-resistant surfaces in order to withstand rough environmental conditions. Adequate methods and accelerated aging procedures to analyse degradation and predict lifetime of key components.

Impacts are the decrease in operational costs due to lower service needs and the improvement of the efficiency as the components withstand rough environments better. The consecutive effect on LCOE could reach almost 1% decrease.

Subtopic 3.2.6-Design of piping and instrumentation tools

Optimize instrumentation to monitor collector field and use of modularity to shortcut faulty parts

Economic impact: CAPEX and OPEX reduction, LCOE reduction



3.3 Thermal storage

Subtopic 3.3.1-Thermochemical storage

Thermal energy is used in order to maintain a endothermic reaction with a certain substance as product. The energy is set free at a later time by initiating the exothermic reverse reaction.

Reduces LCOE (around 2%) by reducing energy damping during high solar energy availability. Reduces the need for spinning reserves hence better over economic impact on the power generation infrastructure.

Subtopic 3.3.2-Improve attributes of the storage systems

Example of these attributes are as follow: Energy density of the storage medium, heat charging and discharging capacity, stability of the storage medium both mechanically and chemically, the roundtrip thermal efficiency of the storage system and the useful lifetime of the storage system components.

Reduces LCOE by reducing energy damping during high solar energy availability. Reduces the need for spinning reserves.A decrease for CAPEX of the thermal energy storage is expected as well as for total LCOE, with a decrease between 1 and 2% depending on the technology.

Subtopic 3.3.3-Use the grid as storage medium (smart grid) and include weather prediction

During low demand of electricity, excess power is used for car battery charging, residential water heating, water pumping and storage in Steps. Tools for predicting the solar irradiation will support balancing supply and demand. Data acquisition by ground measurement networks and weather prediction by numerical models.

Reduces LCOE by reducing energy damping during high solar energy availability. Mildly higher O&M costs result in a better plant efficiency and therefore in lower LCOE.

Subtopic 3.3.4-Hybridisation concepts

Hybridisation of solar-thermal power plants with other fuels (biomass, fossil fuels, etc.) in order to increase operational capabilities.

Economic impact: CAPEX and OPEX reduction, LCOE reduction, Social impact: local development, social acceptance, job creation



2.5.2Assessment on “Impactibility” of Selected Topic:

WIND ENERGY:Selection criteria Impact in:

For criteria 1 to 6: 1 low, 9 high if applicable (correlative) For criteria 7 & 8: 1 high, 9 low if applicable (anti-correlative)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TR

L-Le

vel (

1-9

)

Cost

dec

reas

e

Op

erab

ilit

y

GH

G d

ecre

ase

Eu

roM

ed in

du

stry

to

reac

h

lead

ersh

ip p

osit

ion

Iden

tifi

ed in

tere

st a

nd

co

mm

itm

ent

from

ind

ust

ry

Fore

seab

le r

egu

lato

ry im

pac

t

Req

uir

ed I

nve

stm

ent

1.1 Wind Farm and O&M improvementsSubtopic 1.1.1-Improvement in siting and micrositing 5 5,5 8 9 4 6 7 6

Subtopic 1.1.2-Improvement in Operation and Maintenance strategies 5 3 7 9 7 8 8 6

Topic

Impact in

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease

EuroMed industry toreach leadership…

Identified interestand commitment…

Foreseableregulatory impact

RequiredInvestment


0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.1.2-Improvement in Operation and Maintenance strategies

Table 1 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Farms and O&M Improvements



1.2 Design and components adapted to local conditionsSubtopic 1.2.1-Development of adapted wind turbine designs and standards

7 6 9 9 6 6 2 2

Subtopic 1.2.2-Optimisation of WTG components and new products adapted to mediteranean conditions

7 7 6 9 8 8 6 4

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.2.1-Development of adapted wind turbine designs and standards

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.2.2-Optimisation of WTG components and new products adapted to mediteranean conditions

Table 2 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions



1.3 Wind assessmentSubtopic 1.3.1-Development and update of wind energy atlases 7,5 5 5 9 7 7 3 8

Subtopic 1.3.2-Improvement in siting and micrositing 6 7 6 9 6 8 7 8

Subtopic 1.3.3-Improvement in wind forecasting and nowcasting 6 4 9 9 7 8 3 5

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.3.1-Development and update of wind energy atlases

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment


0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.3.3-Improvement in wind forecasting and nowcasting

Table 3 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Wind Assessment



1.4 Manufacturing and logisticsSubtopic 1.4.1-Improvement in manufacturing processes 5 7 8 9 7 7 4 3

Subtopic 1.4.2-Improvement of logistic 6 7 6 9 5 6 6 5

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.4.1-Improvement in manufacturing processes

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




Required Investment

Subtopic 1.4.2-Improvement of logistic

Table 4 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Manufacturing and Logistics



1.5 Power transmission and grid integrationSubtopic 1.5.1-Grid integration strategies at power system level 7 6 9 9 6 7 6 4

Subtopic 1.5.2-Energy Storage and smart grid management 5 5 9 9 6 8 6 4

Subtopic 1.5.3-Long distance transmission and Euromed interconnection 5 4 7 9 8 4 2 1

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.5.1-Grid integration strategies at power system level

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.5.2-Energy Storage and smart grid management

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.5.3-Long distance transmission and Euromed interconnection

Table 5 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Power Transmission and Grid Integration



1.6 Small & Mid-Scale Wind TurbunesSubtopic 1.6.1-Design and adapted standards for small and mid-scale wind turbines.

6 2 4 9 4 3 3 4

Subtopic 1.6.2-Development of hybrid system. 6 4 6 9 4 3 4 4

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.6.1-Design and adapted standards for small and mid-scale wind turbines.

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 1.6.2-Development of hybrid system.

Table 6 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Small & Mid-Scale Wind Turbines



SOLAR PV:Selection criteria Impact in:


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

2.1 PV cells and modules

Subtopic 2.1.1-Targeted improvement in solar cell technology 5 7 2 9 4 4 3 2Subtopic 2.1.2-Targeted improvement in cell and module design and manufacturing/production

6 5 6 9 4 4 3 3

Subtopic 2.1.3-Targeted improvement in Balance of Pant 6 6 6 9 6 4 3 5

Subtopic 2.1.4-Development of adapted certification strategies NA 5 8 9 4 6 2 8

Fore

seea

ble

reg

ula

tory

im

pac

t

Req

uir

ed I

nve

stm

ent

Topic

Impact in

TR

L-Le

vel (

1-9

)

Cost

dec

reas

e

Op

erab

ilit

y

GH

G d

ecre

ase

Eu

roM

ed in

du

stry

to

reac

h

lead

ersh

ip p

osit

ion

Iden

tifi

ed in

tere

st a

nd

co

mm

itm

ent

from

ind

ust

ry0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease



Foreseeableregulatory impact

RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.1.1-Targeted improvement in solar cell technology

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease

EuroMed industry toreach leadership position

Identified interest andcommitment from

industry

Foreseeable regulatoryimpact

Required Investment

Subtopic 2.1.2-Targeted improvement in cell and module design and manufacturing/production

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease



industry


Required Investment

Subtopic 2.1.3-Targeted improvement in Balance of Pant

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease



industry


Required Investment

Subtopic 2.1.4-Development of adapted certification strategies

Table 7 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Cells and Modules



2.2 Design and components adapted to local conditionsSubtopic 2.2.1-Adaptation of existing technologies to typical technical specifications for Northern Africa regions.

5 6 6 9 7 5 3 7


5 4 8 9 6 7 3 8

Subtopic 2.2.3-Development of adapted cleaning systems 6 7 8 9 7 4 8 5

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.2.1-Adaptation of existing technologies to typical technical specifications

for Northern Africa regions.

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment


0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.2.3-Development of adapted cleaning systems



Table 8 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Design and Components Adapted to Local Conditions



2.3 PV Systems integrationSubtopic 2.3.1-Design of systems and their components to improve PV grid integration capabilities

6 3 8 9 4 6 3 5

Subtopic 2.3.2-Improvement of forecasting and nowcasting of PV production based on meteological data

7 3 9 9 4 5 8 7


5 4 7 9 4 6 3 3

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.3.1-Design of systems and their components to improve PV grid integration

capabilities

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.3.2-Improvement of forecasting and nowcasting of PV production based on

meteological data

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment


Table 9 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of PV Systems Integration


System integration


2.4 Autononous power systemsSubtopic 2.4.1-Low cost highly reliable components for autonomous systems, including production devices and storage.

7 7 8 9 6 6 8 5


5 4 9 9 4 5 4 4

Subtopic 2.4.3-Monitoring PV systems in isolated remote areas 7 6 8 9 4 6 8 6

Subtopic 2.4.4-Applications to water pumping and desalination. 5 7 5 9 5 5 4 4

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.4.1-Low cost highly reliable components for autonomous systems, including

production devices and storage.

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment


0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.4.3-Monitoring PV systems in isolated remote areas

0

3

6

9TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 2.4.4-Applications to water pumping and desalination.

Table 10 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Autonomous Power Systems



SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE):Selection criteria Impact in:


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TR

L-Le

vel (

1-9

)

Cost

dec

reas

e

Op

erab

ilit

y

GH

G d

ecre

ase

Eu

roM

ed in

du

stry

to

reac

h

lead

ersh

ip p

osit

ion

Iden

tifi

ed in

tere

st a

nd

co

mm

itm

ent

from

ind

ust

ry

Fore

seab

le r

egu

lato

ry im

pac

t

Req

uir

ed I

nve

stm

ent

3.1 Higher plant efficiencySubtopic 3.1.1-Alternative working fluids 4 4 5 9 4 6 3 4

Subtopic 3.1.2-Alternative heat transfer fluids 4 6 3 9 4 4 8 3

Subtopic 3.1.3-Innovative cycles 4 5 5 4 4 4 2 2


5 6 1 9 5 5 8 5

Subtopic 3.1.5-Software implementation - Design and operation 7 8 5 9 7 8 8 7

Subtopic 3.1.6-Optimised collector and collector field design 5 7 6 4 5 4 3 3

Topic

Impact in

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.1.1-Alternative working fluids

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.1.2-Alternative heat transfer fluids



0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.1.3-Innovative cycles

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment




0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.1.5-Software implementation - Design and operation

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.1.6-Optimised collector and collector field design

Table 11 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Higher Plant Efficiency



3.2 Lower investment and O&M costs and increased sustainability

Subtopic 3.2.1-Modular design 7 6 7 9 5 4 6 5


7 1 3 9 5 5 8 6

Subtopic 3.2.3-Water free mirror cleaning 4 8 8 9 7 7 3 4

Subtopic 3.2.4-Improved dry-cooling systems 6 1 1 9 3 3 9 4

Subtopic 3.2.5-Durability and lifetime assessment of key components 6 2 3 9 5 5 8 6

Subtopic 3.2.6-Design of piping and instrumentation tools 5 7 6 4 5 4 3 3

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease

EuroMed industry toreach leadership

position

Identified interestand commitment

from industry


RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.2.1-Modular design

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment



New working fluids for higher temperaturesBetter sun tracking systems


0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease


position


from industry


RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.2.3-Water free mirror cleaning

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease


position


from industry


RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.2.4-Improved dry-cooling systems



0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.2.5-Durability and lifetime assessment of key components

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.2.6-Design of piping and instrumentation tools

Table 12 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Lower Investment and O&M Costs and Increased Sustainability



3.3 Thermal storageSubtopic 3.3.1-Thermochemical storage 3-4 6 8 9 5 7 3 3

Subtopic 3.3.2-Improve attributes of the storage systems 6 3 6 9 7 4 8 3Subtopic 3.3.3-Use the grid as storage medium (smart grid) and include weather prediction

5 3 7 9 3 3 8 7

Subtopic 3.3.4-Hybridisation concepts 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 2

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.3.1-Thermochemical storage

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.3.2-Improve attributes of the storage systems


Improved sensible heat storage concepts


0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.3.3-Use the grid as storage medium (smart grid) and include weather prediction

0

3

6

9 TRL-Level (1-9)

Cost decrease

Operability

GHG decrease




RequiredInvestment

Subtopic 3.3.4-Hybridisation concepts

Table 13 - Impact Evaluation Criteria of Thermal Storage



/

2.5.3 Industry Value Chain Necessary

List of industrial players (roles, and suggestion of names) that are needed to test and to bring the technology to the market.

WIND ENERGY: Wind Farm and O&M improvements:

ONEE, Nareva, STEG, INM, Ctren, Engineering Universities, Wind farm developers, OEMs, control system suppliers, EPCs, O&M specialists, etc…

Design and components adapted to local conditions: Local heavy industry & industry (Aqwa, Salub, etc…), local manufacturers, research centers, Universities, International OEMs, Engineering companies, etc…

Wind assessment:Maroc Météo, ONEE, STEG, ANME, INM, Crten, Engineering universities, CENER, Fraunhofer IWES, Vortex, TSOs, software and engineering companies, etc…

Manufacturing and logistics:Jet Alu, GIMAS, ONEE, Nareva, Education centers, EPC, OEMs, O6M companies, etc…

Power transmission and grid integration:ONEE, STEG, European TSOs, storage specialized companies, all players of the electricity field, etc…

Small to mid-scale wind turbines:OEMs, research centers and engineering universities, Engineering companies and utilities, etc…

SOLAR PV: Pv cells and modules Design and components adapted to local conditions PV Systems integration Autonomous power systems BIPV

Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mines (MIEM), Tunisia, Agency for the Promotion of Industry and Innovation (APII), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), Tunisian Company of Electricity and Gas (STEG), Tunisian Union of Industry, Trade and Commerce (UTICA), National Institute for Standardization and Industrial Property (INNORPI, Technical Centre for Mechanical and Electrical Industries (CETIME), National Syndical Chamber of Renewable Energies (CSNER), NR-Sol, VOLTA PV, National Office for electric power (ONEE, Morroco).

OEMs, PV plant developers, EPCs, Architects, storage manufacturers, consultancy and engineering companies, research centers and universities, etc…

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE): Higher plant efficiency

Equipment manufacturers and OEMs, Solar plant developers, Research centers and Universities, Consulting & engineering companies, EPCs, etc…

Lower investment and O&M costs and improved sustainabilityEquipment manufacturers and OEMs, Solar plant developers, Research centers and Universities, Consulting & engineering companies, EPCs, etc…

Thermal storage



Consulting & engineering companies, chemical industry, solar plant developers, Research centers and Universities, etc…



2.5.4Actions Needed to Increase “Impactability” (Action Plan)

Maximum 5 actions to bridge the gaps identified in the previous assessment, in order to increase the “Impactability”

Action 1: Increase the education and capacity building in the field of renewable energies; develop specific trainings in targeted sectors to look for synergies: industry, financing, construction, etc…

Action 2: Development of a local and effective renewable energy value chain to bring local suppliers for the economic and social viability of the sector.

Action 3: Develop action to increase the global awareness and the social acceptance of renewable energies beyond the population.

Action 4: Develop accompanying measures at regulatory level to enhance the development of renewable energy: regulation for the construction sector, energy efficiency and/or commitment from heavy industries and other market stakeholders.

Action 5: Support the development of R&D with induced innovation models and measures that ensure the right pull from the market.



3 EuroMed Energy Efficiency Roadmap

3.1 Introduction: General data for the profile of the building & Industry sector

The MAGHRENOV EU project, deliverable D3.1 gives an overview of the existing re&ee roadmaps adapted to the region, version: 1.0 dd 28/02/2014. Here data for Tunisia and Morocco is given in general terms related to the buildings and industry sector.

Figure 4 - Maghreb Countries, Geographical Information

Tunisia

Population: 10.8 million inhabitants

Area; 165.000 km2 (smallest Maghreb country)

Climate: Tunisia's climate is temperate in the north, with mild rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The south of the country is dessert. The terrain in the north is mountainous. In the south it is hot and dry.

Three zones: Mediterranean, western plateau and south

Central plain: The east along the coast line has a Mediterranean climate

Building & Industry characteristics: more than 2.5 Million dwellings, increase in villa’s, apartments

Economics: the agricultural sector stands for 11.6% of the GDP, industry 25.7%, and services 62.8%. The industrial sector is mainly made up of clothing and footwear manufacturing, production of car parts, and electric machinery. GDP: 41 Billion USD

Education: The higher education system in Tunisia has experienced a rapid expansion and the number of students has more than tripled over the past 10 years from approximately 102,000 in 1995 to 365,000 in 2005.

Energy Infrastructure: The majority of the electricity used in Tunisia is produced locally, by state-owned company STEG (Société Tunisienne de l´Electricité et du Gaz). In 2008, a total of 13,747 GWh was produced in the country.

Oil production of Tunisia is about 97,600 barrels per day (15,520 m3/d). The main field is El Bourma.[

Legislation/Policy: energy subsidized prices, building regulations and labelling equipment.

1999: programme started: supply side stimulation, raising awareness and market regulation


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia#cite_note-94

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GWh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate


2004: mandatory provisions for thermal performance of new buildings

Touristic sector: hotels important

Subsidy on insulation, solar

Energy demand growing: economic growth, lifestyle changes, population growth.

Power hungry household goods and air-conditioning.

Industry:

Tunisia's industrial sector is comprised of 5,661 enterprises having 10 or more employees, of which 2,600 are totally exporting enterprises.

Sectors TE* OTE* Total %Manufacture of food products 203 842 1,045 18.5%Manufacture of construction products, ceramic and glass 23 430 453 8.0%Manufacture of mechanicals and basic metals 184 450 634 11.2%Manufacture of electric and electronic equipment 245 131 376 6.6%Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products 132 423 555 9.8%Manufacture of textile and wearing apparel 1,516 298 1,814 32.0%Manufacture of wood and wood products 28 178 206 3.6%Manufacture of leather and footwear 195 70 265 4.7%Other manufacturing 74 239 313 5.5%

Total 2,600 3,061 5,661 100%

* TE: Totally exporting OTE: Other than totally exporting

Table 14 - Tunisia' Industrial SectorSource: Agency for the Promotion of Industry and Innovation - June 2014

The construction sector is consuming about 65% of the energy in the industry.Programmes for Energy Efficiency in Industry are in operation.Energy audits resulting in measures to reduce the energy consumption.Measures: cogeneration, energy management systems and improving the “utilities” like generation of cold, steam and power.Renewable energy implementation in the industry is part of other national programmes and not included in the programme for energy efficiency in industry.

Morocco

Population: 33 Million inhabitants

Area : 444 550 km2

Climate: The climate is Mediterranean in the North and in some mountains (West of Atlas), which becomes more extreme towards the interior regions. There are several different climates: Mediterranean (with some more humid and fresher variants), Maritime Temperate (with some humid and fresher variants too). The climate changes when moving east of the Atlas Mountains due to the barrier, or shelter, effect of the mountain system, becoming very dry and extremely warm during the long summer, especially on the lowlands and on the valleys facing the Sahara.

Moreover, Morocco developed the climate zoning in order to establish the EE policy in building sector.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate


Figure 5 - Climatic Zones in Morocco

For every zone a maximum threshold of heating and cooling consumption was identified.

Climate zone Max Threshold (kWh/m2/an)

Agadir Z1 (Casablanca) 40

Tangier Z2 46

Fez Z3 48

Ifrane Z4 64

Marrakech Z5 61

Errachidia Z6 65

Table 15 - Heating and Cooling Consumption in Morocco



Building characteristics: In order to develop the EE policy in building sector in Morocco, 7 representative categories have been selected as follows:

Residential building: collective one (economic and semi-standing) and economic individual villa,

Tertiary building: Hospital, hotel, School, administrative building.

Economics: The services sector accounts for just over half of GDP. Industry, made up of mining, construction and manufacturing, is an additional quarter. The industries that recorded the highest growth are agriculture, tourism, telecoms, information technology, and textile.

Education: Morocco has more than 14 universities, more than 24 faculties, and many institutes and engineering schools with an important education offer in different disciplines.

Energy infrastructure : National energy consumption.

Figure 6 - National Energy Consumption in Morocco


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Morocco

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Morocco#Services


Figure 7 - Energy Efficiency Potential in Mediterranean Region South 2010-2030

In 2008, about 56% of Morocco's electricity supply was provided by coal. However, as forecasts indicate that energy requirements in Morocco will rise 6% per year between 2012 and 2050, [a new law passed encouraging Moroccans to look for ways to diversify the energy supply, including more renewable resources. The Moroccan government has launched a project to build a solar thermal energy power plant [59] and is also looking into the use of natural gas as a potential source of revenue for Morocco’s government.[

Industry in Morocco

1855 industrial companies represent 90% of the energy consumption Industrial energy consumption is 2.8 Mtoe with 5.99 Million ton of CO2 Target 12-15% energy savings in industry by 2020 Strategy, policy and legislation in operation: Loi 47.09 in 2011


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco#cite_note-english.nuqudy.com-59

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco#cite_note-60

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_resources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal


Legislation/policy : national energy strategy

Figure 8 - The Five Pillars of Morocco’s Energy Strategy

Energy savings programme in the Industry (PEEI), 3 observations:o Considerable potential for energy savings in industry >15%;o Return on Investment for more than 50 of the projects less than 24 months;o Low rate of implementation, less than 5%.

Goals of PEEI programme:o The structuring and strengthening institutional and regulatory frameworks for

energy efficiency in the industrial sector; o Optimization of energy consumption by the industrial units for an estimated

2,000,000 Tonnes Oil combined economy; o Reduction of CO2 emissions estimated at 7,594,335 tonnes CO2 equivalent; o The development of new businesses and new economic niche.

Four Program lines of PEEI:o Institutional and regulatory development; through energy service companies

(ESCOs) and the establishment of a national standard for energy management;o Support Funding: support for energy audits and energy efficiency investments; o Capacity and accreditation: through personalized benefit consultants and

business personnel training, as well as accreditation of more than 200 auditors; o Communication and Advocacy: through communication programs promoting

networking accredited specialists and dissemination of good practices and awareness of energy efficiency technologies.

The PISA is supported by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and New Technologies (MCINT), Energy Development Fund (EDF), the African Development Bank (AfDB), and the Global Environment Facility



National program in EE:

Residential sector Industry Transport

1. Implementation of the Code for energy efficiency in the building "Generalization of low consumption lamps"

2. Use of insulation materials

3. Use of double glazing 4. Installation of solar

thermal low temperature (1,700,000 m² 2020)

5. Installation of PV kits and solar pumps

1. Widespread industrial audits

2.Using variable speed and frequency

3.Optimizing Storage of cold and hot

4.Use of energy-saving lamps

1. Newer cars 2. Organization of urban

transport (traffic, public transport ...)

3. Enforcement of energy efficiency on vehicles

12% reduction in energy consumption by 2020 and 15% by 2030



3.2 Conclusions and Observations, Based on Information from Maghreb Countries

- Energy consumption in the building sector is growing: Due to strong and quick changes in lifestyle, level of needed and wanted comfort, the growing population and the increased m2 dwelling per person.

- First measures: insulation, solar shadings, solar energy- The strategy towards strong energy reduction in buildings follows the trias energetica:

o First reduce energy consumption as much as possibleo Secondly apply as much as possible renewable energyo Thirdly: use conventional energy sources as efficient as possible

Observations

#1 KIC Roadmap smart cities and buildings can be used for MAGHREB countries, with some adaptation in the accents of the technology development based on the country specific conditions such as climate, energy infrastructure and local priorities. The order of energy consumption in dwellings, apartment buildings, and offices is about 30% of the total primary energy consumption, is growing and will be comparable to the data of the EU countries

#2 For the Magreb countries the touristic sector is an important and growing economic sector. Here we see additional opportunities: the touristic sector is of uttermost importance for economy of the MAGREB countries. It is growing and represents about 10-15% of primary energy usage. Two separate roadmaps for the touristic sector are added.

#3 In the Magreb countries a well-balanced policy and strategy is in place. It is still under further development for energy efficiency in buildings and industry. Energy performance, legislation, policy, standards and labelling is very much comparable to the main approach within Europe.

#4 There is legislation for buildings and infrastructure but it is not yet coupled. At this point of time the energy infrastructure (dominant the electrical infrastructure) is in strong development. For the Magreb countries the extension of the grid is important due the development stage of the country. The topic of smart grids is not yet addressed in the Magreb countries. Also the infrastructure for gas networks is in the development stage. District heating is not an issue in the Magreb countries and cooling networks are suggested but not operational.

#5. In the Magreb countries the industry is well addressed in energy efficiency programmes. Since the industry is very diverse with respect to the processes and energy consumption, a general approach can be followed for the first energy savings in industry. The KIC InnoEnergy does not contain a roadmap for energy efficiency in industry yet. Therefore, in this document the general possibilities for energy savings in industry and introduction of renewable energy in industry are summarized in a table.



Conclusion for energy efficient buildings;The KIC roadmap smart cities and buildings, V1, addresses 4 lines, which are of interest for the Maghreb countries. Due to the differences in climate, organisation and development accents in some of the development lines are different. The most dominant difference is that the focus in Europe is on the existing buildings. In the Maghreb countries new buildings are an important sector due to the growing population and increasing comfort level.To account for the importance of the touristic sector a first draft of a roadmap for the hotel sector is advised.

Conclusion for energy efficiency in the industry;Since the industry is very diverse and encompasses different production process, a more general approach for industry is chosen. This approach is very much in line with the different policies and strategies in the Maghreb countries. In this document the roadmap for energy efficiency in industry is restricted to a general approach with first measure suited for all industry. Changing or adapting industrial processes thoroughly for the benefit of energy reduction is out of scope of this roadmap document.



3.3 The Roadmap: Smart Cities and Buildings

The main technical and market challenges within the theme ‘Intelligent Energy Efficient Buildings and Cities’ are:

Reduction of energy demand: new energy efficient and cost-effective components and systems need to be developed and integrated into buildings and energy systems (building shell, HVAC, lighting, energy management). Especially focusing on the existing building stock.

To enable an effective and wide implementation of renewable energy sources, new integrated and compact storage systems are essential for bridging the gap between demand and supply.

Integration of electric vehicles and other urban vehicles into the urban and building energy networks.

Upgrade of the aging energy infrastructure and integration of the different energy carriers at city level.

To enable an effective and efficient integration of the single components and systems (products and services) developed, test-beds at different scale-levels are needed: component – system – building –network-district – city level. Especially on city level, strong end-user involvement in the concept of living labs is crucial.

Effective business creation in a highly fragmented and local oriented market.

Creation of the momentum and transition process for effective roll-out of market ready products and services.

Effectively up to 3% of the installed based is upgraded or renewed annually.

New business models and services are urgently needed to find solutions for the mismatch in the cost benefit model (the investments and benefits are often not allocated with the same stakeholders, for example in the cases of rented buildings).

The KIC roadmap Intelligent Energy Efficient Buildings and Cities V1 is the starting point for a joint vision on possible technology developments.

The roadmap of the theme “Intelligent Energy Efficient Buildings and Cities” is structured along four program lines that interact strongly:

1. Local energy supply, conversion and storage2. Energy Efficient Buildings3. Local energy networks within the city4. Intelligent Energy Efficient Cities

Based on the information from the Maghreb countries the topic of touristic sector has been added. For this sector 2 roadmaps are added:

5. Energy producing hotel, active systems6. Energy producing hotels, passive systems



In the following the 6 roadmaps are presented and per roadmap the important differences are given.



3.3.1Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage

Figure 9 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Local Energy Supply, Conversion and Storage



Notes regarding the Maghreb countries:

The priorities for the Maghreb countries are in a different order compared to Europe.

For the subject Local energy supply, conversion and storage this implies the following:

Thermal Storage:o The driver for the compact storage system enabling cooling will be solar thermal

energy instead of district heatingo Energy storage in boreholes will be changed in energy storage in the soil, if

possible Heating:

o The micro CHP and heat pumps will also address cooling Cooling:

o More attention for new dwellings and buildings

In the roadmap the focus is on more effective energy systems for heating, cooling, and tap water both for new buildings and existing buildings. Effective storage of thermal energy is necessary for the wide introduction of renewable energy.

Moreover the focus will be much more on cooling then on heating. Solar assisted cooling based on absorption principles for new and existing buildings.



3.3.2Energy Efficient buildings


Figure 10 - KIC Inno Energy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Efficiency Buildings



The priorities for the Maghreb countries are in a different order compared to Europe.For the line Energy Efficient buildings this implies the following:

Climate adaptive facades and building component:o More focus on new buildingso More focus on insulation materials and insulation methods than on cold bridgeso Integration of PV in new buildings to be added as sub-line

Energy efficient lighting and management systems:o Complies completely

Ventilation:o Complies completely

This second line is on improving the energy efficiency and comfort levels of the buildings through the more passive components as shading, insulation, windows, lighting, ventilation and control systems. For new buildings the standard will go to energy neutral in the next 10 years. Effective integration of renewable energy in the façade and roof is there for needed.



3.3.3Local energy networks in the city


Figure 11 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Urban Energy Networks



The priorities for the Maghreb countries are in a different order compared to Europe.For the line Local energy networks in the city this implies the following:

Thermal networks:o Heat demand low, cooling demand high. Possibilities for thermal network to be

developed.o Integration of renewables point of extra attention

Electricity networks:o Under strong development in the Magreb countrieso Integration of renewables point of extra attention

Mobility networks:o This sub-line is not yet in the field of interest of the Magreb countries

Gaseous networks:o Transition to gas networks is now under way. Time frame is not coherent with

Magreb countries

Here the KIC roadmap is showing developments which can be very much of interest in the Maghreb countries. The network with respect to electricity and gas will also be further developed here and this offers chances for intelligent networks, cost effective, future proof and efficient.



3.3.44 Intelligent energy efficient cities


Figure 12 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Cities



The priorities for the Maghreb countries are in a different order compared to Europe..For the line intelligent energy efficient cities this implies the following:

Urban energy system transition:o This line complies. However priority for the Maghreb countries is lower than EU.

Energy data technologies:o This line complies

New urban energy services:o Also the here mentioned developments comply with the Maghreb countries. The

priority will be lower than in Europe.



3.3.5Roadmap: Future Hotels

Since the touristic sector is an important sector with respect to the economics and energy consumption this topic is addressed separately. Both the number of touristic accommodations is growing and the required level of comfort is increasing resulting in increasing energy demand and consumption. Therefor the following long-term targets can be envisaged:

Energy producing hotels based on a weekly energy consumption balance Reliability energy availability, 99% availability of the needed energy High comfort level required:

o Climatization of the building and rooms (HVAC)o Larger volumes of hot tap water needed

low total cost of ownership Environmental benign, for the green image of the sector

The approach to come to this long term target is: Implementation of the Trias Energetica model Be accepted by local investors through locally accepted CAPEX and OPEX

This approach leads to the need for new products and services. These measures can be applied and implemented through the so-called active and passive measures.

The following two dedicated roadmaps are suggested.

3.3.5.1 Energy producing hotel, active systems

In the four sub lines the implementation of renewable energy systems in and around the touristic accommodation is very important. Moreover, renewable energy sources have an intermittent character of generating energy. Therefor energy storage both electrical and thermal (heat and cold) are important to overcome dag-night rhythm and short periods of reduced input of renewables.In order to control the indoor climate in an effective way both decentralised HVAC systems and intelligent control will foster effective and efficient energy consumption by the users.




Figure 13 - KIC Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Producing Hotels


3.3.5.2 Energy producing hotels passive systems

In the four sub lines energy conscious design and realisation of new and existing hotels is the key issue. As part of the Trias Energetica model, the reduction of energy consumption is the first step.As special subject the desalination of water is added, since due to the location of most of the touristic accommodations sea water is available. In combination with the local consumption, solar energy could be an important source for making good quality drinking water.




Figure 14 - KIC InnoEnergy Roadmap Energy Efficiency - Energy Producing Hotels


3.4 Table of Measures for Energy Efficiency in the Industry

The Industry in the Maghreb countries is in strong development. The overall goal for the industrial processes is to be as good as the state of the art. Since the industry is under development and growing this state of the art can be implemented. Goals set for the reduction of energy in the industry for the period to 2020 is 30%.

In the Maghreb countries industry is developing. This also means that the energy consumption of industry is growing. But this differs, of-course, from industry to industry.

In general industrial processes will produce waste heat. This waste heat is normally a by-product which is hard to be used for other plants or processes outside the own manufacturing process. Here cogeneration offers possibilities for those industrial processes where electricity (power) and heat is needed. Natural gas offers also possibilities for this. Co-generation is very often a cost effective process for industry.

For the industrial processes it is very useful to monitor the energy consumption in the various stages of the process. Through data analysis critical energy consuming aspects can be assessed and improved. Moreover, through the monitoring it is also possible to carry out bench marking with international industries and set targets for improvement of the energy consumption. This can result in a first analysis of the production processes and improve the energy efficiency, a very cost effective measure.

Since industrial processes need power and thermal energy (heat, cold, steam), renewable energy can play an important role in the Maghreb countries through the availability of solar energy and wind energy. In the industrial zones, normally the environmental effect of wind energy (noise, view..) does not play an important role. Moreover, industrial complexes do have spaces available for thermal and photovoltaic installation. The challenge for the renewable energy sources available is in the dedicated product development suited for incorporation in the industrial buildings, zones and processes. Here, the dedicated development of energy storage for electricity, heat, cold and the combination of this offers a chance for dedicated new products.

Adaptation or redesigning the production processes with a strong accent on energy savings is another possibility. For this large investments are needed and this is a time consuming process. Moreover, for this redesign new facilities are needed and for this also large investment are needed.

For industry, energy efficiency can be obtained through:

- Using the waste heat for other goals (if possible)- Monitoring energy consumption and benchmarking- The generation of own renewable energy by PV, Wind, Solar thermal (steam), storage...- Complex restructuring the industrial process



E E topic Measure Impact CostUsing the waste heat for other goals (if possible)

Cogeneration by using natural gas

20% gain low

Energy storage for using the energy at other moments

10% improvement low

Combining processes

5-20% improvement

medium

Monitoring energy consumption and benchmarking

Monitoring process data

5-20% energy efficiency gain

low

Monitoring energy consumption of various processes

10-20% gain low

Benchmarking 5-30% gain lowThe generation of own renewable energy by PV, Wind, Solar thermal (steam), storage...

PV integration in buildings and industrial landscape

Electricity production for power

Low to high, dependant on m2

Thermal energy integration in buildings and surrounding

Production of steam, heat or cold

Low to high, dependant on m2

Wind farms coupled to the industrial area

Electricity production for power

Low to high, dependant MWh

Complex restructuring the industrial process

Complete redesign High impact high

Table 16 - Table of Measures for Energy Efficiency in the Industry

For the coming 5 year period it is advised to focus on the first 3 points.

In order to make the roadmap more specific, the several industrial sectors have to be taken into account in order to come up with more specific suggestions.



4 Conclusion

Synthetic Roadmaps in RE and EE is a first try to adopt the KIC InnoEnergy Technology Roadmaps to other than European technology markets. This experience is a rich one for both KIC InnoEnergy energy technology experts as well for MPC countries experts who contributed to the work.

This deliverable is an outcome of collaboration of partners of the MAGHRENOV Consortium, as well their respective partners and larger expert network. This co-development between experts is a result of fruitful cooperation between all partners of MAGHRENOV Project who are committed to make their contribution to the common Mediterranean Innovative Market.

This document is meant to evolve and to take into account technological and market evolution of Maghreb Energy Technology markets which change very fast since few years and is likely to offer even more new opportunities in several next years following market and regulation changes.

Two roadmaps adapted different methodologies and approaches due to technologies specificities. Nevertheless, some harmonization work between two roadmaps in terms of methodologies might be undertaken in order to bring them closer and more consistent from this point of view. Especially, further identification of technologies in Energy Efficiency market might be undertaken.



5 ReferencesGENERAL

MAGHRENOV EU project, Grant Agreement number: 609453; Convergence between EU and MAGHREB MPC innovation systems in the field of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (RE&EE) – A test-bed for fostering Euro Mediterranean Innovation Space

D3.1 MAPPING OF EXISTING RE&EE ROADMAPS ADAPTED TO THE REGION, Version: 1.0 28/02/2014, MAGHRENOV Project

KIC Innoenergy Thematic roadmaps

http://cip2014.kic-innoenergy.com/thematic-roadmaps

WIND ENERGY Roadmap:

Reference: KIC InnoEnergy Renewale Energies Roadmap v2 (document created thanks to the expertise and participation of IREC, EDF, AREVA, Gas Natural Fenosa and Stuttgart University)

SOLAR PV Roadmap:

Reference: KIC InnoEnergy Renewale Energies Roadmap v2 (document created thanks to the expertise and participation of Emiliano Perezagua, IREC, CEA INES and TOTAL)

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE) Roadmap:

Reference: KIC InnoEnergy Renewale Energies Roadmap v2 (document created thanks to the expertise and participation of UPC, CIEMAT PSA, CENER, Protermosolar, Estella and DLR)

Energy Efficiency Roadmap:

National Energy Efficiency strategy in industrial sector in Tunisia, Mohamed Ali SAFI, ANME Programme Efficicacite Energetique dans l’Industrie & Cogeneration, Min. de l’Industrie, Agence Nationale pour la Matrise de l’Energie, jan 2014 (ANME)

Les éléments techniques du projet de la réglementation thermique du bâtiment au Maroc, ADEREE, 2011

Programme Nationale d’efficacité Energétique dans le Bâtiment, Abdelali Dakkina, ADEREE, Maroc, powerpoint 11-12October 2011

Utilisation Rationelle de l’Energie dans le Bâtiment en Tunisie: Etat de lieux, Mohamed Zied Grannar, 20-june 2013, ANME

Introducing thermal and energy requirements standards in Tunesia, Energy efficiency in Buildings powerpoint presentation, ANME

Loi N047-09 relative à l’efficacité énergétique


http://cip2014.kic-innoenergy.com/thematic-roadmaps


6 Annex 1. List of participating expertsList of the institutions that have contributed to the Thematic Strategy and Road mapping:

WIND ENERGY Roadmap:

Participants: Nadia Zeddou IRESEN, Morocco Nafaa Baccari ANME, Tunisia Antoni Martínez KIC InnoEnergy Emilien Simonot KIC InnoEnergy

SOLAR PV Roadmap:

Participants: Brahim Bessaïs CRTEn, Tunisia Amenallah Guizani CRTEn, Tunisia Zakaria Naimi IRESEN, Morocco Antoni Martínez KIC InnoEnergy, Spain Emilien Simonot KIC InnoEnergy, Spain

SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRICITY (STE) Roadmap:

Participants: Brahim Bessais CRTEn, Tunisia Hichem Frej IRESEN, Morocco Antoni Martínez KIC InnoEnergy, Spain Emilien Simonot KIC InnoEnergy, Spain Thomas Winkler KIC InnoEnergy, Spain

ENERGY EFFICIENCY Roadmap:

Participants: Mohamed Zied Gannar ANME, Tunisia Mohamed Ali Safi ANME, Tunisia Nadia Zeddou IRESEN, Morocco
