manpower in maths india

7/30/2019 Manpower in Maths India

1/16

T1 - 37

Performance and growth pattern of manpower in

Mathematics in India

Avinash Kshitij, Swarup Chattopadhaya, Sujit Kundu & Harish Netam

The scope of mathematics is generic in nature, it is extremely important for academic

research in pure and applied mathematics and it is equally important for socio-economic

research. Several advanced countries including USA and European countries improved their

capability in mathematics research. This section looks into the performance and growth of

manpower in mathematics in India from school level to research level. This section will not

look into performance at under graduate level education.

School level education in Mathematics

Mathematics is most generic in nature, it is vital for all those who opt for science and

technology as core subjects and as well as for those who opt for economics, banking or other

socio-economic subjects.

Fig 1. State-wise percentage of total science studying students who opt for mathematics

Source: State and Central Senior Secondary Boards


2/16

T1 - 38

Fig 2. % of student scored 60% in mathematics at 12th

level


Fig 3. % of student scored 80% in mathematics at 12th levelSource: State and Central Senior Secondary Boards


3/16

T1 - 39

Fig 4. % of student scored 95% in mathematics at 12th

level


From the above figures it is clear that Kerala is the state where maximum percentage of

students studying science, opt for mathematics in 12th

standard and a large percentage

amongst them secured more than 95% in 2007. 2010 data is not available for WB (West

Bengal), JK (Jammu & Kashmir) and MP (Madhya Pradesh). 2007 data is not available for

Gujarat and Goa. Enrolment of students in mathematics at class 12th

level decreased

gradually over the years 2007 2010, in most cases.


4/16

T1 - 40

Fig 5. State wise % of students studying Maths in 12th in CBSE board

Source: CBSE Board

Figure 5-8 exhibits the percentage share of performance and capability of students studying

mathematics in 12th

level in Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), spread across

country.


5/16

T1 - 41

Fig 6. % Share of students who secured 60% in Math in 12th in CBSE board

Source: CBSE board data


6/16

T1 - 42

Fig 7. % Share of students who secured 80% in Maths in 12th in CBSE board



7/16

T1 - 43

Fig 8. % Share of students who secured 95% in Math in 12th in CBSE board


Figure 9 shows the percentage of 15-19 year age group population studying mathematics. 15-

19 year age group population taken from www.indiastat.com based on 2001 census data, and

it is considered that age of student studying in 12th

is 15-17 year. Kerala leads with 5.2% of

population studying mathematics. In gender distribution, percentage of female students

studying mathematics is little higher in Manipur (figure 11). Overall it is a very alarming

situation that in such a vital and generic discipline the enrollment percentage is so low.


8/16

T1 - 44

Fig 9. % of 15-19 year population studying mathematics at 12th level in 2010

(CG : Chhattisgarh)

Fig 10. % of 15-19 year population studying mathematics at 10th level in 2008

(UP : Uttar Pradesh)


9/16

T1 - 45

Fig 11. % of 15-19 year age group population studying mathematics at 12th level in 2010

Fig 12. Medal statistics in IMO, 1989-2009


10/16

T1 - 46

Level of student education in mathematics is measured through performance in International

Mathematical Olympiad. In last 20 years India wins only 8 gold medals where as China wins

100 gold medals in International Mathematical Olympiad. Lesser number of gold medals

reflects that the participants are not at par with China or USA.

Research in Mathematics in India

Figure 13 exhibits the annual research output of Indian researchers and annual involvement

of number of authors as reported in MathSciNet and percentage change over the year. Annual

publication growth rate is not promising, only 2005 and 2006 data shows 12 and 18

percentage growth rate. Authors are identified based on their names. Table 1 shows the

presence of Indian mathematics researcher in top-2000 best cited papers globally.

Table 1: No. of authors in top-2000 best cited papers in Mathematics

Decade No. Author (Indian)

1970-1979 14

1980-1899 12

1990-1999 19

2000-2009 61

Source: SCOPUS


11/16

T1 - 47

Fig 13. Annual productivity and number of authors and % changes over the year

Source: MathSci

MathSci classifies its publication in more than 60 subfields, 3100 papers are indexed in

statistics, and 2269 papers were index in quantum-theory and in general topology 1850

papers were published. 22% papers were published in 3 top subfields for the period 1991-

2009. Indian researchers were putting more effort in statistics over the period; in 1991-2000

1488 (11.3%) and in 2001-2009 1634 papers (8.4%) were published in statistics. Quantum

Theory is the second preference for Indian researchers as they published 1033 papers (7.85%)

in 1991-2000 and 1236 (6.35%) in 2001-2009. Figure 14 shows the top 30 subfields in which

Indian mathematicians are working and publishing. Table 2 shows the percentage change in

the interest of Indian Mathematicians over the period 1991-2000 to 2001-2009. Mechanics of

deformable solids have maximum change in number of paper in the first period it holds 15

papers and in next period it has 290 papers. But there is slight change in top subfield like

statistics, quantum theory and general topology


12/16

T1 - 48

Fig 14. Indian Mathematics research covered in MathSciNet 1991-2009 classified by MathSci


13/16

T1 - 49

Table 2: % change in publication in two period 1991-1999 and 2000-2009

MathSci Classification 2010 % Change

Mechanics of deformable solids 1833.33

Dynamical systems and ergodic theory 957.69

Game theory, economics, social and behavioral sciences 845.45

Geophysics 414.29

Information and communication, circuits 284.21

Biology and other natural sciences 229.25

Order, lattices, ordered algebraic structures 158.82

Numerical analysis 126.72

Combinatorics 126.10

Calculus of variations and optimal control 124.74

Mechanics of particles and systems 115.38

Fluid mechanics 104.35

Functions of a complex variable 94.62

Mathematical logic and foundations 94.55

Differential geometry 80.85

Optics, electromagnetic theory 77.42

Operations research, mathematical programming 72.98

Relativity and gravitational theory 72.60

Partial differential equations 71.57

Algebraic geometry 67.48

Statistical mechanics, structure of matter 60.56

Abstract harmonic analysis 60.00

Manifolds and cell complexes 54.00

Number theory 53.73

K-theory 50.00

Table 3: Share of Indian publication by Indian institute in MathSci, 2001

Institute Name % of papers

TIFR 5.82

ISI Cal 4.59

IISc 3.71

Aligarh Muslim University 3.30

University of Delhi 3.30

IIT Kanpur 2.95

IIT Chennai 2.95

University of Calcutta 2.68

Institute of Mathematical Sciences 2.63


14/16

T1 - 50

IIT Kharagpur 2.35

IIT Mumbai 2.22

Jadavpur University 2.07

HCRI 1.74

University of Poona 1.63

IIT Delhi 1.57Banaras Hindu University 1.51

University of Rajasthan 1.42

Jai Narain Vyas University 1.40

ISI Delhi 1.39

University of Mysore 1.38

ISI Bang 1.23

University of Kalyani 1.20

Lucknow University 1.20

PVikram University Ujjain 1.18

University of Madras 1.12S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Science 1.08

Anna University 1.06

Panjab University 1.00

Fig15. Publisher wise distribution of Indian Mathematics Research


15/16

T1 - 51

Table 3 shows the percentage share of Indian institutions in Indian research output in

mathematics as reported in MathSciNet database for the period 2001-2009. TIFR is having

5.8% of total publication and ISI Kolkata is having 4.6% of total publications followed by

IISc with 3.7% AMU (3.3%), Univ. of Delhi (3.3%). Dedicated mathematics institute like

Institute of Mathematical Sciences and HCRI, Allahabad holds only 2.6% and 1.75% share of

Indian mathematics output.

Figure 15 shows the distribution of output in Mathematics among the publishing countries

(SCIE-Journal). 35% papers are published from USA alone. Only 9% papers were published

in Indian journal. USA publishes not only core mathematics but also application oriented

journals. India publishes few core mathematics journals. Poland publishes core mathematics

journals.

Fig 16. No. of PhDs from Indian Institution (Indicative data only)

Source: Vidyanidhi.org.in

Figure 16 shows the number of PhDs awarded from various Indian institutions. This is

indicative data only. The data-source, vidyanidhi.org.in collects the data in participation and

partnership with university and academic institutions. The trend in no. of PhD awarded is

decreasing gradually for the period 1991-2009. Figure17 shows the productivity of cities in

mathematics, through quality of research output (citations per paper) and PhDs awarded from


16/16

T1 - 52

institutes in various cities in mathematics. Publication and citation data is taken from

SCOPUS database. The coverage of SCOPUS is not limited to research in mathematics; it

also includes other subjects such as biotechnology, life-sciences etc. Quality of research

output is higher in Pune but number of PhDs award from Pune in the period 1991-2009 in

none. Kolkata has maximum output in term of no. of PhD students but citation per paper is

comparatively lower.

Fig 17. City wise quality of research output and number of PhDs

manpower in maths india

Documents