Many geologists and scholars believe that the famous Greek Oracle at Delphi went into her trance-like state as an effect of ethylene rising from ground faults.

Steroids – 3 cyclohexanes and 1 cyclopentane fused together

Examples: Cholesterol the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone, as well ashundreds of others found inplants, animals and fungi.They differ from each other by the functional groups attached to this four ring core and by the oxidation state of the rings.

Propene (aka propylene) polypropylene recycle # 5

Polypropylene Uses:1. packaging, textiles (e.g. ropes, thermal underwear and carpets), stationery, plastic parts and reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment, loudspeakers, automotive components, and polymer banknotes. An addition polymer made from the monomer propylene, it is rugged and unusually resistant to many chemical solvents, bases and acids.2. hinges, flip top bottles,3. reusable plastic storage containers (lids of more flexible LDPE)4. carpets, rugs and mats, ropes that float on water,,electric insulation, roofing membranes,5. plastic molding, stationery folders, packaging, and storage boxes. light shadestrading card collectors; these come with pockets (nine for standard-size cards) for the cards to be insertedclothes:6. major polymer used in nonwovens, with over 50% used[citation needed] for diapers or sanitary products where it is treated to absorb water7. filters for air, gas, and liquids8. warm-weather gear such as some Under Armour clothingnot easily flammable, they can melt, which may result in severe burns if9./ synthetic, nonabsorbable suture Prolene, Polypropylene has been used in hernia and pelvic organ repair operations to protect the body from new hernias

the Panton

the MYTO

the LouisGhost

Polymers have madenew designs possible:

the Walmartspecial:

III. Isomers - compounds with the same molecularformula that have different structural arrangements.

A. The simplest alkane that can have isomers isbutane, with a molecular formula of C4H10:

structuralformula

ball and stick

normal-butaneaka n-butane

isobutaneaka i-butane

Isobutane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays. When used as a refrigerant or a propellant, isobutane is also known as R-600a. Some portable camp stoves use a mixture of isobutane with propane, usually 80:20. Isobutane is used as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry, for

Butane gas is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and camping. When blended with propane and other hydrocarbons, it is referred to commercially as LPG. It is also used as a petrol component, as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking, as fuel for cigarette lighters and as a propellant in aerosol sprays such as deodorants.

n-butane i-butane

n-butane:b.p. = -0.5 0C

i-butane:b.p. = -12 0C

B. Isomers have different chemical and physical properties.

Ex. Which isomer of butane has a higher boiling point?

C. As the number of carbon atoms increases,the number of possible isomers increases. This is one reason why there are so many organiccompounds.

Ex. butane (C4H10) has 2 isomersoctane (C8H18) has 18 isomersdecane (C10H22) has 75 isomers

D. The double bond of alkenes and the triple bond ofalkynes can be in different positions. Its position is shown by writing the number of the C atom right before the bond. The isomers below are shown without H atoms.

Ex. 2- butene

Ex. 3-heptene

Ex. 1-pentyne

Ex. 4-nonyne:

C C C C

C C C C C C C

C C C C C

C C C C C C C C C