MASS PRODUCTIONMASS PRODUCTION Sevilay GÖKSevilay GÖK

Industrial Engineering DepartmentIndustrial Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylül , Dokuz Eylül UniversityUniversity svlygok@gmail.comsvlygok@gmail.com

Mass production Mass production (also (also called flow production, called flow production, repetitive flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial series production, or serial production)production) is the is the production of large production of large amounts of standardized amounts of standardized products, including and products, including and especially on assembly especially on assembly lineliness. .

OVERVIEWMass production of assemblies Mass production of assemblies typically uses electric-motor-typically uses electric-motor-powered moving tracks or powered moving tracks or conveyor belts to move conveyor belts to move partially complete products to partially complete products to workers, who perform simple workers, who perform simple repetitive tasks. repetitive tasks.

Mass production is capital Mass production is capital intensive and energy intensive, as intensive and energy intensive, as

it uses a high proportion of it uses a high proportion of machinery and energy in relation machinery and energy in relation

to workers.to workers.

OVERVIEW

One of the descriptions of mass One of the descriptions of mass production is that the craftsmanship production is that the craftsmanship is in the is in the workworkbenchbench itself, not the itself, not the training of the worker; for example, training of the worker; for example, rather than having a skilled worker rather than having a skilled worker measure every dimension of each part measure every dimension of each part of the product against the plans or of the product against the plans or the other parts as it is being formed, the other parts as it is being formed, there are there are jigsjigs and and gauge blocksgauge blocks that that are ready at hand to ensure that the are ready at hand to ensure that the part is made to fit this set-up. part is made to fit this set-up.

OVERVIEW

Use of Use of AAssembly ssembly LLines in ines in MMass ass PProductionroduction

Mass production systems are usually Mass production systems are usually organized into assembly lines. The organized into assembly lines. The assemblies pass by on a conveyor, assemblies pass by on a conveyor, or if they are heavy, hung from an or if they are heavy, hung from an

overhead monorailoverhead monorail.

Advantages and Advantages and DDisadvantagesisadvantages

In In craft productioncraft production, the craftsman , the craftsman must bustle about a shop, getting must bustle about a shop, getting

parts and assembling them. He parts and assembling them. He must locate and use many tools must locate and use many tools many times for varying tasks. many times for varying tasks.

In In mass productionmass production, each worker repeats , each worker repeats one or a few related tasks that use the one or a few related tasks that use the same tool to perform identical or near-same tool to perform identical or near-

identical operations on a stream of identical operations on a stream of products.products.

Advantages and Advantages and DDisadvantagesisadvantages

The probability of human The probability of human error and variation is also error and variation is also

reduced, as tasks are reduced, as tasks are predominantly carried out predominantly carried out

by machinery.by machinery.

However, mass production However, mass production is inflexible because it is is inflexible because it is

difficult to alter a design or difficult to alter a design or production process after a production process after a

production line is production line is implemented. implemented.

Advantages and Advantages and DDisadvantagesisadvantages

VERTICAL INTEGRATIONVERTICAL INTEGRATION

Vertical Vertical integrationintegration is a is a

business business practice that practice that

involves gaining involves gaining complete control complete control over a product's over a product's production, from production, from raw materials to raw materials to final assembly.final assembly.

HISTORYHISTORYMass production was popularized in Mass production was popularized in

the 1910s and 1920s by the 1910s and 1920s by Henry Henry Ford's Ford Motor CompanyFord's Ford Motor Company, which , which introduced electric motors to the introduced electric motors to the

then-well-known technique of chain then-well-known technique of chain or sequential production and, in the or sequential production and, in the

process, began a new era often process, began a new era often called the "second industrial called the "second industrial

revolution."revolution."

HISTORYHISTORY

Although the Ford Motor Company Although the Ford Motor Company brought mass production to new brought mass production to new heights, it was a synthesizer and heights, it was a synthesizer and extrapolator of ideas rather than extrapolator of ideas rather than

being the first creator of mass being the first creator of mass production.production.

During the American Civil War the Springfield

Armory started to mass produce guns, using

interchangeable parts on a large scale.

HISTORYHISTORY

Taking a look back at the history of Taking a look back at the history of American manufacturing, the key American manufacturing, the key

features of mass production were the features of mass production were the perfect interchangeability of parts in perfect interchangeability of parts in the goods produced, long production the goods produced, long production

runs and large quantity of outputs that runs and large quantity of outputs that were homogeneous.were homogeneous.

HISTORYHISTORY