Mastering NT Greek

19. Present Participles19. Present Participles

By Ted Hildebrandt By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003© 2003

Baker AcademicBaker Academic

Warm-ups

2-1-2 Paradigms 2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<ni[ero<n

lo<gou grafh?j lo<gou grafh?j i[erou?i[erou?lo<g& graf^? lo<g& graf^? i[er&?i[er&?lo<gon grafh<n lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<ni[ero<nlo<goi grafai< lo<goi grafai< i[era<i[era<lo<gwn grafw?n lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?ni[erw?nlo<goij grafai?j lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?ji[eroi?jlo<gouj grafa<j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<i[era<

3rd Declension Chantables

xari<j o@noma, pi<stijxari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<steixa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita o@noma pi<stinxa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steijxa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn xari<twn o]noma<twn

pi<stewnpi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n)

pi<stesi(n)pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j Pa<ter h[mw?n o[ e]n toi?j ou]ranoij:ou]ranoij: father our the one in heaven father our the one in heaven

a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou a[giasqh<tw to> o@noma< sou make holy name your make holy name your

e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: e]lqe<tw h[ basilei<a sou: let come kingdom your let come kingdom your

genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, genhqh<tw to> qe<lhma< sou, let be will your let be will your

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: gh?j: as in heaven also on earthas in heaven also on earth

to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread ourthe bread our

e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n e]piou<sion do>j h[mi?n sh<meron:sh<meron: daily give us todaydaily give us today

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer

kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh<mata h[mw?n:o]feilh<mata h[mw?n: and forgive us trespasses ourand forgive us trespasses our

w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen w[j kai> h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven as also we have forgiven

toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us the ones trespassing us

Present Active Indicative Verbs

lu<w lu<w lu<omenlu<omen lu<eij lu<eij lu<etelu<ete lu<ei lu<ei lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n)

Present Middle/Passive Indicative

lu<omai, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -o<meqa,

-^, -esqe, -^, -esqe,

-etai, -ontai-etai, -ontai

I loose myself, I am loosedI loose myself, I am loosed

Shape of the Future in Greek

lu<sw lu<somenlu<sw lu<somenI will loose I will loose We will looseWe will loose

lu<seij lu<seij lu<setelu<seteYou will loose You will loose You all will looseYou all will loose

lu<sei lu<sei lu<sousi(n)lu<sousi(n)He/she/it will loose He/she/it will loose They will looseThey will loose

Future Middle Paradigm

lu<somai --omeqalu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --^ --esqe --etai --ontai --etai --ontai

I will loose for myselfI will loose for myself

Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w

e@luon e@luon I was loosing I was loosing e@luon e]lu<omen e@luon e]lu<omen e@luej e]lu<ete e@luej e]lu<ete

e@lue(n) e@luone@lue(n) e@luon Chant: Chant: e@luon e@luon: : n s e men n s e men

te nte n

Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w

e]luo<mhn e]luo<mhn I was being loosed I was being loosed e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa

e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<eto e]lu<onto e]lu<eto e]lu<onto

Chant: Chant: e]luo<mhne]luo<mhn:: ou eto omeqa esqe onto ou eto omeqa esqe onto

Second Aorist Active Paradigm

e@labon (lamba<nw) e@labon (lamba<nw) I took I took

1 e@labon e]la<bomen1 e@labon e]la<bomen2 e@labej e]la<bete2 e@labej e]la<bete3 e@labe(n) e@labon 3 e@labe(n) e@labon

ChantChant: : e@labon e@labon n, s, e, men, te, nn, s, e, men, te, n

Second Aorist Middle

e]geno<mhn e]geno<mhn I becameI became (gi<nomai)(gi<nomai)

1 e]geno<mhn 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa e]geno<meqa 2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqe2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqe3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto 3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto

Chant:Chant: e]geno<mhn e]geno<mhn ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, onto ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, onto

1st Aorist Active Paradigm

e@lusa e@lusa I loosed I loosed

e@lusa e@lusa e]lu<samene]lu<samene@lusaj e]lu<sate e@lusaj e]lu<sate e@luse(n) e@lusan e@luse(n) e@lusan

Chant: Chant: e@lusae@lusa --, --, s, e, men, te, ns, e, men, te, n

1st Aorist Middle Paradigm

e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<mhn I loosed (for myself)I loosed (for myself) e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqae]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqa

e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusato e@lusantoe@lusato e@lusanto

Chant: Chant: e]lusa<mhne]lusa<mhn: : w, ato, ameqa, asqe, w, ato, ameqa, asqe, antoanto

First Aorist Passives

e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhn I was loosedI was loosed 1 1 e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen

2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan

Chant:Chant: e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhn n, s, --, men, te, san n, s, --, men, te, san

Future Passive

luqh<somai luqh<somai I will be loosedI will be loosed 1. 1. luqh<somai luqhso<meqaluqh<somai luqhso<meqa 2. 2. luqh<s^ luqh<sesqeluqh<s^ luqh<sesqe 3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai

Chant: Chant: luqh<somai – luqh<somai – ^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ^, etai, omeqa, esqe,

ontaiontai

Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know

o[ra<w == ei#don o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) (I saw) – – ble<pw ble<pw

e@rxomai == h#lqon e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) (I came, went) le<gw == ei#pon le<gw == ei#pon (I said) (I said) ba<llw == e@balon ba<llw == e@balon (I threw) (I threw) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) (I became) ginw<skw == e@gnwn ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew)(I knew) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) (I found) e@xw == e@sxon e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) ( I had) lamba<nw == e@labon lamba<nw == e@labon (I took) (I took)

The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi<

ei]mi< ei]mi< I am I am e]sme<n e]sme<n We areWe are

ei# ei# You areYou are e]ste< e]ste< You areYou are

e]sti<(n) e]sti<(n) He/she/it isHe/she/it is ei]si<(n) ei]si<(n) They areThey are

The "was" verb IAI -- ei]mi<

h@mhn h@mhn I was I was h#men h#men We wereWe were

h#j h#j You wereYou were h#te h#te You wereYou were

h#n h#n He/she/it wasHe/she/it was h#san h#san They wereThey were

Person Personal Pronoun Chant Singular PluralSingular Plural NomNom. . e]gw< su < e]gw< su < h[mei?j h[mei?j GenGen. . mou mou sou sou h[mw?n h[mw?n

DatDat. . moi soi moi soi h[mi?n h[mi?n AccAcc. . me se me se h[ma<j h[ma<j

au]to<j, au]th, au]to< au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)(he, she, it)

Perfect Active Paradigm

le<luka le<luka I have loosedI have loosed 1) 1) le<luka le<luka lelu<kamenlelu<kamen

I have loosed I have loosed We have loosedWe have loosed 2) 2) le<lukaj le<lukaj lelu<kate lelu<kate

you have loosed you have loosed You all have loosedYou all have loosed 3) 3) le<luke(n) le<luke(n) lelu<kasi(n)lelu<kasi(n)

He/she/it has loosed He/she/it has loosed They have loosedThey have loosed ChantChant: : le<lukale<luka

--, --, j, e, men, te, sij, e, men, te, si

Perfect Middle/Passive Paradigm

lelukumai lelukumai I have been loosedI have been loosed 1) 1) le<lumai le<lumai lelu<meqalelu<meqa

I have been loosed I have been loosed We have been loosedWe have been loosed

2) 2) le<lusai le<lusai lelu<sqe lelu<sqe You have been loosed You have been loosed You have been loosedYou have been loosed

3) 3) le<lutai le<lutai lelu<ntailelu<ntai He/she/it has been loosed He/she/it has been loosed They have been loosedThey have been loosed

LearnLearn: : le<lumaile<lumai sai, tai, meqa, sqe, ntai sai, tai, meqa, sqe, ntai

Present Participles

English Participle Concepts

Participle is a verbal adjective usually Participle is a verbal adjective usually formed in English by adding -ing to a formed in English by adding -ing to a verb.verb. walk -- walkingwalk -- walking sit -- sittingsit -- sitting run -- runningrun -- running

3 Participle Uses:

The hard part of the participle is not the The hard part of the participle is not the forms but the ways in which it is forms but the ways in which it is translated.translated.

1) 1) Adjectival useAdjectival use: acts like an adjective: acts like an adjective 2) 2) Adverbial useAdverbial use: acts like an adverb : acts like an adverb

modifying the verb modifying the verb 3) 3) Substantive useSubstantive use: acts like a noun: acts like a noun

3 Participle Uses: Adjective

Verbal Adjective:Verbal Adjective: when the participle when the participle modifies a noun. modifies a noun. She found the book She found the book lyinglying on the table on the table "Lying on the table" tells which book "Lying on the table" tells which book

it was—Adjective-like usageit was—Adjective-like usage She spoke to the child She spoke to the child sittingsitting on the on the

couchcouch ““sitting on the couch" identifies which sitting on the couch" identifies which

child—Adjective-like usagechild—Adjective-like usage

3 Participle Uses: Adjective

The adjectival use often takes the definite The adjectival use often takes the definite article.article.

The adjectival use modifies a noun.The adjectival use modifies a noun.

3 Participle Uses: Adverb

Adverbial usage:Adverbial usage: Adverbial participle Adverbial participle usage modifies the verb in some way.usage modifies the verb in some way.

Present: use "while" + participle (ptc)Present: use "while" + participle (ptc) While runningWhile running to the store, he hit the to the store, he hit the

deer.deer. Tells when he "hit" --same time as Tells when he "hit" --same time as

verbverb

3 Participle Uses: Adverb

Aorist: use "after" + participle (ptc)Aorist: use "after" + participle (ptc) After runningAfter running to the store, he hit the to the store, he hit the

deer--before the action of the verbdeer--before the action of the verb Adverbial use is anarthrous (no article)Adverbial use is anarthrous (no article)

3 Participle Uses: Substantive

Substantival:Substantival: when there is no noun to when there is no noun to modify a participle it by itself may stand modify a participle it by itself may stand in as a substantive (noun type)in as a substantive (noun type)

The The one who is coming,one who is coming, knows my knows my brother. brother.

He saw He saw the ones speakingthe ones speaking to the crowd to the crowd Substantive usually is translated using Substantive usually is translated using

"one who,“ “she who,” “he who”"one who,“ “she who,” “he who”

3 Uses of the Participle

Adjectival + Def. Article = the sitting ladAdjectival + Def. Article = the sitting lad Adverbial (no article) = while sitting the lad Adverbial (no article) = while sitting the lad Substantival (no noun) = The one sittingSubstantival (no noun) = The one sitting

Participles verbal and noun parts

Like a verb, participles take: Like a verb, participles take: tense and voice. tense and voice.

Like a noun, they take: Like a noun, they take: gender, number, and case. gender, number, and case.

Present Active Ptc Formation

Masc: Stem +Masc: Stem + ont ont + + Noun endings (3)Noun endings (3) lu + ont + oj = lu + ont + oj = lu<ontoj lu<ontoj

Fem: Stem +Fem: Stem + ouj + ouj + Noun endings (1)Noun endings (1) lu + ouj + hj = luou<shj lu + ouj + hj = luou<shj

Uses a 3 - 1- 3 noun ending patternUses a 3 - 1- 3 noun ending pattern The key for identifying a present participle is The key for identifying a present participle is

the the ont ont oror ouj. ouj.

Present Active Ptc Paradigm

3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut NomNom. . lu<wn lu<ousa lu?onlu<wn lu<ousa lu?on

GenGen. . lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojDatDat. . lu<onti lu<ous^ lu<ontilu<onti lu<ous^ lu<ontiAccAcc. . lu<onta lu<ousan lu?onlu<onta lu<ousan lu?on

3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing 3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), while loosing (Adv.)(Subst.), while loosing (Adv.)

Present Active Ptc Paradigm 3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut NomNom. . lu<ontej lu<ousai lu<ontalu<ontej lu<ousai lu<onta

GenGen. . luo<ntwn luousw?n luo<ntwnluo<ntwn luousw?n luo<ntwnDatDat. . lu<ousi(n) luou<saij lu<ousi(n)lu<ousi(n) luou<saij lu<ousi(n)AccAcc. . lu<ontaj luou<saj lu<ontalu<ontaj luou<saj lu<onta

The key to mastering the participles is mastering the The key to mastering the participles is mastering the 3 usages. 3 usages.

3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), 3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), while loosing (Adv.)while loosing (Adv.)

Present Ptc. Chant

Present Active: ptc. = participle Present Active: ptc. = participle NomNom. . lu<wn lu<ousa lu?lu<wn lu<ousa lu?

ononGenGen. . lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj

Middle/Passive Participles

Form: Stem +Form: Stem + omen omen + + Noun ending (2-1-2)Noun ending (2-1-2) lu + omen + oj = lu + omen + oj =

luo<menoj luo<menoj These are easily recognized. The paradigm is These are easily recognized. The paradigm is

follows the simple 2-1-2 form.follows the simple 2-1-2 form. Usually translated passive (being loosed (Adj.), Usually translated passive (being loosed (Adj.),

one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)) unless deponent in which case it is loosed (Adv.)) unless deponent in which case it is translated active. translated active.

Present Middle/Passive Ptc

2 1 22 1 2 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut NomNom. . luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menonluo<menoj luome<nh luo<menon

GenGen. . luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouluome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouDatDat. . luome<n& luome<n^ luome<n&luome<n& luome<n^ luome<n&AccAcc. . luo<menon luome<nhn luo<menonluo<menon luome<nhn luo<menon

being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)being loosed (Adv.)

Present Middle/Passive Ptc

2 1 22 1 2 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. luo<menoi luo<menai luo<menoi luo<menai

luo<menaluo<menaGen. Gen. luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwnluome<nwnDat. Dat. luome<noij luome<naij luome<noij luome<naij luome<noijluome<noijAcc. Acc. luome<nouj luome<naj luo<menaluome<nouj luome<naj luo<mena

being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)being loosed (Adv.)

Chanting the PA and PM/P Participle

Present Active: ptc = participle Present Active: ptc = participle NomNom. . lu<wn lu<ousa lu?onlu<wn lu<ousa lu?on

GenGen. . lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontojlu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Present Middle/PassivePresent Middle/Passive NomNom. . luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menoj luome<nh

luo<menonluo<menonGenGen. . luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nouluome<nou

Future Participles

Rare (12x in NT) and predictable just Rare (12x in NT) and predictable just insert a future insert a future ss

lu + s + ontoj = lu<sontojlu + s + ontoj = lu<sontoj lu + s + oushj = lusou<shj lu + s + oushj = lusou<shj Will be loosing (Adj.), while loosing Will be loosing (Adj.), while loosing

(Adv.), one who will be loosing (Subst.)(Adv.), one who will be loosing (Subst.)

Present Participle of ei]mi< 3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem NeutSingular Masc Fem Neut Nom. Nom. w@n ou#sa o@nw@n ou#sa o@n

Gen. Gen. o@ntoj ou@shj o@ntoj ou@shj o@ntojo@ntojDat. Dat. o@nti ou@s^ o@nti ou@s^ o@ntio@ntiAcc. Acc. o@nta ou#san o@no@nta ou#san o@n

Piece of cake: just take the 3-1-3 endings, = Piece of cake: just take the 3-1-3 endings, = “being”“being”

How are How are w@n w@n and and o@n o@n different from the different from the relative pronoun?relative pronoun?

Present Participle of ei]mi<

3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem NeutPlural Masc Fem Neut NomNom. . o@ntej ou#sai o@ntao@ntej ou#sai o@nta

GenGen. . o@ntwn ou]sw?n o@ntwno@ntwn ou]sw?n o@ntwnDatDat. . ou#si(n) ou@saij ou#si(n)ou#si(n) ou@saij ou#si(n)AccAcc. . o@ntaj ou@saj o@ntao@ntaj ou@saj o@nta

Participles are negated with Participles are negated with mh< (mh< (notnot ou]) ou])

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

a]kolouqe<w a]kolouqe<w I followI follow

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

e]nw<pion e]nw<pion beforebefore

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

qa<lassa, -hj, h[qa<lassa, -hj, h[ sea, lakesea, lake

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

ka<qhmai ka<qhmai I sit I sit

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

kairo<j, -ou?, o[ kairo<j, -ou?, o[ time time

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

ou@te ou@te

and not,and not,

nor, nor, neither neither

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

pi<ptw pi<ptw I fall I fall

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

pou<j, podo<j, o[pou<j, podo<j, o[ foot foot

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

prose<rxomai prose<rxomai I come/go to I come/go to

Chapter 19 Vocabulary

proseu<xomai proseu<xomai I pray I pray

Chapter 19 Vocabulary a]kolouqe<w a]kolouqe<w

I follow I follow e]nw<pion e]nw<pion

beforebefore qa<lassa, -hj, h[ qa<lassa, -hj, h[

sea, lakesea, lake ka<qhmai ka<qhmai

I sit I sit kairo<j, -ou?, o[ kairo<j, -ou?, o[

time time

Chapter 19 Vocabulary ou@te ou@te

and not, nor, neither and not, nor, neither pi<ptw pi<ptw

I fall I fall pou<j, podo<j, o[ pou<j, podo<j, o[

foot foot prose<rxomai prose<rxomai

I come/go to I come/go to proseu<xomai proseu<xomai

I pray I pray

Vocabulary Review

Chapter 15 Vocabulary

a@lloj, -h, -oa@lloj, -h, -oother other

a@rtoj, -ou, o[a@rtoj, -ou, o[bread bread

dei?dei?it is necessaryit is necessary

e]cousi<a, -aj, h[e]cousi<a, -aj, h[authority authority

e!teroj, -a, -one!teroj, -a, -ondifferent different

Chapter 15 Vocabulary

e@tie@tiyet, still yet, still

o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[ o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[ eyeeye

te<knon, -ou, to<te<knon, -ou, to<child child

to<poj, -ou, o[ to<poj, -ou, o[ place place

fw?j, fwto<j, to< fw?j, fwto<j, to< light light

Chapter 13 Vocabulary

a]nh<r, a]ndro<j, o[ a]nh<r, a]ndro<j, o[

man, husbandman, husband basileu<j, -e<wj, o[ basileu<j, -e<wj, o[

kingking du<namij, -ewj, h[ du<namij, -ewj, h[

power, miraclepower, miracle o@noma, -matoj, to< o@noma, -matoj, to<

namename

pa?j, pa?sa, pa?n pa?j, pa?sa, pa?n each, every, alleach, every, all

Chapter 13 Vocabulary path<r, patro<j, o[ path<r, patro<j, o[

fatherfather pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[ pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[

faith, belieffaith, belief pneu?ma, -atoj, to< pneu?ma, -atoj, to<

spirit, windspirit, wind

sa<rc, sarko<j, h[ sa<rc, sarko<j, h[ flesh, bodyflesh, body

xa<rij, -itoj, h[ xa<rij, -itoj, h[ grace, kindnessgrace, kindness

Chapter 14 Vocabulary ai$ma, -matoj, to< ai$ma, -matoj, to<

blood blood ai@rw ai@rw

I raise, take up I raise, take up dida<skw dida<skw

I teach I teach i@dioj, -a, -on i@dioj, -a, -on

one's own one's own kalo<j, -h<, -o<n kalo<j, -h<, -o<n

good good

Chapter 14 Vocabulary me<llw me<llw

I am about to, intend I am about to, intend o[do<j, -ou?, h[ o[do<j, -ou?, h[

way way polu<j, pollh<, polu< polu<j, pollh<, polu<

much, many much, many sw?ma, -matoj, to< sw?ma, -matoj, to<

body body yuxh<, -h?j, h[ yuxh<, -h?j, h[

soul, life soul, life

Chapter 16 Vocabulary

ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ age, eternity age, eternity

a]llh<lwn a]llh<lwn one another one another

a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[ o[ high priest high priest

gunh<, -aiko<j, h[ gunh<, -aiko<j, h[ woman woman

du<namai du<namai I can, am able I can, am able

Chapter 16 Vocabulary

e@qnoj, -ouj, to< e@qnoj, -ouj, to< nation nation

o!soj, -h, -on o!soj, -h, -on as great as as great as

po<lij, -ewj, h[ po<lij, -ewj, h[ city city

te te and, and so and, and so

xei<r, xeiro<j, h[ xei<r, xeiro<j, h[ hand hand

Chapter 17 Vocabulary ei] ei]

if, that if, that e]sqi<w e]sqi<w

I eat (158) I eat (158) za<w za<w

I live (140)I live (140) zhte<w zhte<w

I seek (117)I seek (117) h@ h@

or, either (343)or, either (343)

Chapter 17 Vocabulary kale<w kale<w

I call (148)I call (148) lale<w lale<w

I speak, say (296)I speak, say (296) parakale<w parakale<w

I urge, exhort (109)I urge, exhort (109) plhro<w plhro<w

I fill, complete (86)I fill, complete (86) poie<w poie<w

I do, make (568)I do, make (568)

Chapter 18 Vocabulary genna<w genna<w I beget I beget dikaiosu<nh, -hj, dikaiosu<nh, -hj,

h[ h[ righteousnessrighteousness e]a<n e]a<n if, when if, when ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ peace peace oi#da oi#da I know I know

Chapter 18 Vocabulary oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ house house o[ra<w o[ra<w I see I see peripate<w peripate<w I walk I walk pw?j pw?j how? how? fobe<omai fobe<omai I fear I fear