So®¿ sSIvÃv 57

In\m-hp-I-fmWv temIsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ccp-≠-cm-Xn-bpsS kz]v\-

ß-fmWv ]pe-cn-bn¬ ]q°-fmbn hncn-

bp-∂-sX∂v sshtem-∏n≈n ]d-bp-

∂p≠v. (kz]v\tam cm°n-\m-hp-I-f√o/

kp] -`m -X -Øn≥ ]qhp -I -sf -√mw)

GsXmcp ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p-]n-∂nepw

FXtbm t]cpsS kz]v\-ß-fpsS

Du¿Pw t]c-I-am-bn-´p-≠v. Nne hy‡n-

I-fpsS kz]v\-߃ kaq-l-Øn\p

henb IpXn-∏p-Iƒ \¬Im-dp-≠v. A\o-

Xn-Ifpw AkaX-z-ßfpw C√mØ Hcp

temIw kz]v\w I≠-h¿ qan-bn-se-√m-

bn-SØpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iuam-c-bu-

h\-ß-fmWv AØcw kz]v\-ß-fpsS

hf-°q-dp≈ aÆv. Nn°m-tKm-bn¬

temIsØ A`n-kw-t_m-[-\-sN-øp-

tºmƒ hnth-Im-\-µ\v 30 hb-km-bn-cp-

∂p. hn.kn. -_m-e-IrjvW]Wn-°¿

18˛mw hb-n-emWv ae-_mdn ]X-

Øns‚ ]Xm-[n-]-cm-Ip-∂Xv.

Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kz]v\-ßfpw

]Xo-£-I-fp-an-√m-Ø-h¿ Bcp-ap-≠m-In-

√. Nne¿ Xß-fpsS kz]v\-ßsf

sshb-‡n-I-X-bv°-∏pdw kmaq-ln-I-

am°n am‰p-∂p. \mcm-bWKpcphpw

hn.Sn.-bp-sa√mw I≠ AØcw kz]v\-

bqWn‰v H∂v

In\mhv

ß-fmWv _lp-kz-c-Xsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-

∂, A\ys‚ kmao-]ysØ kzmKXw

sNøp∂ Hcp P\m[n]-Xy-I-a-Ønte°v

\sΩ \bn-®-Xv.

GsXmcp alm-Zu-Xyhpw Hcp In\m-

hn¬\n∂v Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. sh√p-hn-fn-

Isf AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ kml-kn-I-

Xbpw ]pXnb am¿§-߃ Is≠-Øm-

\p≈ Xzc-bp-sams° tNcp-tºm-gmWv

In\m-hp-Iƒ bmYm¿∞y-ambn ]cn-W-

an -°p-∂-Xv. CØcw kz]v\-ßfpw

kml-kn-I-Xbpw Iuam-c -bu-h-\-

߃°p kl-P-am-Wv. \S∂p tX™

hgn-Isf Ah \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p.

F∂m-en∂v \ΩpsS Iuam-c-bu-h-\-ß-

fpsS kz]v\-ßfpw kml-kn-I-Xbpw

GsXms° hgn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv apt∂m-

´p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv? a‰m-scm-s°tbm D¬]m-

Zn-∏n-°p∂ kz]v\-ß-fp-sSbpw e£y-

t_m-[-an-√mØ kml-kn-I-X-bp-sSbpw

Cc-I-fm-tI-≠-h-c√t√m ]pXpXe-apd.

tIc-fob kaq-l-Øn¬ ]W-bsØ

Znhyhpw Aeu-In-I-hp-amb Hcp aqey-

ambn Db¿Øn-°m-´n-bXv Ipam-c-\m-im-

\m-Wv. Ime-hy-Xn-bm-\-߃°\p-k-cn®v

Cu k¶¬∏-ß-fn¬ Ie¿∏p -Iƒ

58 lb¿ sk°‚dn

IS∂pIqSn -bn -´p -≠v. Zriy -temIw

krjvSn -°p∂ Hcp anYym-`-a -ambn

C∂Xp sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m?

hy‡n-a-\-n\p ]pXnb hym]vXn-Iƒ

\¬Ip∂ Z¿i-\-sa-∂-\n-e-bn-et√

AXns\ Xncn -®-dn -tb-≠Xv? AXv

XnI®pw sshb-‡n-I-amb H∂-√.

temI-t_m[\ho-I-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Icp-

hm-W-v.

]Wbw t]mse-Xs∂ Iuam-c-bu-h-

\-ßsf ]tem-`n -∏n -°p-∂-h-bmWv

kzmX¥yhpw kml-kn-I-X-bpw. a\p-

jy≥ krjvSn® N´-ßfpw hyh-ÿ-

Ifpw Ahs‚Xs∂ hnIm-k-Øn\p XS-

-ambn amdm-dp-≠v. kmº-Øn-Ihpw

enwK-]-chpw PmXo-b-hp-amb then-s°-

´p-Iƒ t`Zn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ Ncn-X-

sØ-°p-dn®pw h¿Ø-am-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-

ap≈ kq£va-amb hni-I-e\w Bh-iy-

ambn hcp-∂p. AXn¬ \n∂pw In´p∂

shfn-®-amWv kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-

b s Ø A ¿ ∞ - h - Ø m - ° p - ∂ - X v .

kaql\nc-t]-£-amb Acm-P-I-kz-]v\-

a√ kzmX-¥y-w

kaq-l-t_m-[-sa-∂Xv tIhew a\p-jy-

`m-K-t[-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ PmK-X-am-X-

a-√. hym]I-amb A¿∞-Øn¬ AXv

\mapƒs∏-Sp∂ ]]-©-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

t_m[w Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]]-©-t_m-[-

sa-∂Xv a\p-jy\v Xs‚ thcp-I-sf-°p-

dn®p≈ Xncn-®-dn-hm-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS

\nKq-V-X-I-fn-te-°p≈ kml-kn-I-amb

At\z -jWw Cu ]]-©-t_m-[ -

Øn¬\n∂mWv Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. AtX-

k-abw Xs∂ ]pXnb Imew ]Z¿in-

∏n-°p∂ h\y-amb BI-a-tWm-’p-I-

Xsb ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈ a\-°-

cpØpw \mw B¿Pn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Iuam-c-Im-e-Øns‚ ]h-W-X-I-fn¬

Nne-Xns\ ˛]-Wbw (kµ¿i-\w)

kzmX-¥y-t_m[w (Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rc-

ºv) kml-kn-IX (thcp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂-h¿) sNdpØp\n¬∏v (a’yw)

˛ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp∂ cN-\-I-

fmWv Cu bqWn-‰n-epƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-

°p-∂-Xv.

]th-iI ]h¿Ø\w

Ip´n-Isf ]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw kzm[o-

\n°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡-nXz-߃

Bsc√mam-sW∂ tNmZy -tØmsS

]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n°mw: Ip´n-Iƒ°v

t\cn´v ]cn-N-b-ap≈-htcm Ncn-X-]p-cp-

j-∑mtcm BImw.

Ah-cpsS GtXXv KpW-ß-fmWv Ip´n-

Isf BI¿jn-®-sX∂v hni-Zo-I-cn-°-

s´.

kaq-lsØ KpW-]-c-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-

∏n-°m-\p≈ ia-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂-h-

sc-bmWv NcnXw Hm¿Øp-h-bv°p-∂-Xv.

Ah¿°v henb kz]v\-߃ D≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. B kz]v\-߃ bmYm¿∞y-

am°n am‰m-\p≈ Xoh-i-ahpw Ah¿

\S-Øn-bn-cp∂p.

Cu Bib[m-c-W-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-

Øn¬ tPm\m -Y -s\∂ IS¬°m-

°sb°pdn®p≈ t\mh-ense `mKw

Ah¿ hmbn-°-s´.

tPm\m-Y≥ a‰p IS¬°m-°-I-fn¬

\n∂pw hyXy-kvX\m-Ip-∂-sX-ßs\?

$ ]cn -an -Xn -Isf adn -I-S -°m-\p≈

BKlw.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 59

$ ]pXnb km[y-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-

\p≈ iaw.

$ kzmX-¥y-Zmlw/al-Ømb kz]v\-

߃.

$ sshb-‡n-I-amb t\ -߃°-∏pdw

Xs‚ kaq-lsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°-

W-sa∂ Nn¥.

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Bi-b-߃ N¿®-

bn¬ Db¿∂p-h-cmw.

\man∂v A\p`hn°p∂ ]e kzmX

¥y߃°pw ku`mKy߃°pw

]n∂n¬ ]e hy‡nIfpsSbpw [oc

amb XpS°ßfp≠v.

˛ amdpadbv°en\p t\XrXzw

sImSpØ kvXoIƒ

˛ hn[hmhnhmlw, ]¥nt`mP\w,

t£X]thi\w

˛ s]mXp-h-gn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ Ah¿W-

cpsS BZy-k-©mcw

˛ ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sn--Ø-߃

]pXnb hgn-s∏-´p-∂-h¿ kaq--l-Øns‚

apgp-h≥ ]Xn-tj-[-Øn\pw (I°m-Sns‚

hgn-sh´p-∂-h-tcmSv Hm¿°p-I) F∂m¬

Ch¿ \n¿Ωn-°p∂ hgn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv

temIw ]n∂oSv k©-cn-°m-dp≈Xv.

sshb-‡n-I-amb In\m-hp-Iƒ°-∏pdw

temI-Po-hn-XsØ kw_-‘n® al-

Ømb kz]\-߃ ImWm≥ \ap°p

IgnbWw. `mhn-tem-IsØ°pdn-®p≈

k¶-ev]-߃ bmYm¿∞y-am-°m-\p≈

ia-ß-fmWv \ΩpsS Pohn-XsØ

A¿∞-h-Øm-°p-∂-Xv.

tPm\m-Y≥ enhn-Mvè koKƒ

dn®m¿Uv _mjns‚ temI-]-ivX-ambsNdp t\mh-emWv tPm\m-Y≥ enhn-Mvè koKƒ.

tPm\m-Y≥ a‰p-I-S¬°m-°-I-fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-bn-cp-∂p. IS¬°-c-bn¬ a’ym-h-in-jvS-߃°p-th≠nAe-™p-Xn-cn -bp-∂ Pohn-X-Øn¬Ah\p Xr]vXn tXm∂n-bn-√. Nnd-Ip-Iƒ ]d -°m -\p -≈-Xm -Wv . Ah≥IS¬hn-Xm-\-Øn\p apI-fnse BIm-i-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-bn-√mØ Db-c-߃IogS-°m≥ BK-ln-®p. BIm-i-bm-X-bpsS D√m-k-Øn¬ Ah≥ kzbw ad-∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS A\p-\-b-Ønt\m Iq´p-Im-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Ønt\m Ah≥ hgn-s∏-´n-√. kap-Zmb\oXnsb A≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. tPm\m-Y≥ H‰-s∏-´p. Xs‚ kapZm-b-Øn¬\n∂pw ]pd-¥-≈-s∏-´p.

Hcp Znhkw ]d-°-en-\n-S-bn¬ Ah≥c≠p- I-S¬°m°Isf ]cn-N-bs-∏--Sp∂p. Pohn-X-Øn\v, \ne-\n¬∏n\vas‰m-c¿∞hpw am\-hp -ap -s≠∂vAh¿ tPm\m-Y-t\mSv ]d-bp-∂p. e£-°-W-°n\v IS¬°m-°-I-fn¬\n∂pwhyXy-kvX-\m-hp-I. henb \n›-b-

60 lb¿ sk°‚dn

ßfpsS Db-c-ß-fn-te°v ]d-∂p-I-b-dpI. kp≈n-h≥ Ah-t\mSv ]d-™p.inbmMv Ah\v kml-kn-Ihpw _p≤n-ap-t´-dn-b-Xp-amb ]pXnb ]d-°¬ ]mT-߃ ]I¿∂p sImSp-Øp. \nd™Bth-i-tØmsS, \nc-¥-c-amb ]cn-i-a-Øn-eqsS Ah≥ Bcp-a-dn-bmØ Db-c-߃ Iog-S-°n.

tPm\m-Y≥ Ahs\ Xnc-kv°-cn®IS¬°m-°-I-fn-te°v ]n∂oSv Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS Afn™gpInbPohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-tbmSv HØp-Xo¿∏n¬FØm-\-√, ]pXnb Xe-ap-dsb Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS ambnI i-‡n-sb-°p-dn-®-dn-bn-°m≥, ]d-°-ens‚ hnkv-abw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm≥. Xs∂ Ah-K-Wn® kaq-l-Øn¬ tPm\m-Y\v injy-cp-≠m-bn.BIm-i-hn-Xm-\-Øn-te°v IS¬°m-°-I-fpsS ]pXn-b-]‰w Db¿∂p ]d-°m≥XpS-ßn. tPm\m-Y-\m-Is´ GIm-¥-ambXs‚ BImibmXbnte°v Xncn®p]d-∂p.

dn®m¿Uv _mjvtPm\m-Y≥ enhnMvè koKƒ F∂IrXn-bn-eqsS ]kn-≤-\mb Ata-cn-°≥ Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\m-Wv dn®m¿Uv_mjv (P\\w Pq¨ 23, 1936) At±lwsP‰v hnam-\-Øns‚ ss]e-‰m-bn-cp-∂p.1970 ¬ BWv tPm\m-Y-s\-°p-dn-®p≈t\mh¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. temI-Øp-S-\ofw Cu t\mhen\v e£-°-W-°n\vhmb-\-°m-cp-≠mbn. 1973 ¬ tPm\m-Ys‚ IY kn\n-a-bm-hp-I-bp-ap≠m-bn.

kµ¿i\w

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

kaq-l-Øn¬ Ihn-X-bv°p≈ kzoIm-cy-

Xbpw kzm[o-\hpw Gdnbpw Ipd™pw

h∂ kµ¿`-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mNo-

\-I-hn-X-b-Øn-\p-tijw ae-bm-f-I-hnX

]pXp-]-h-W-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ P\-

IobambnØo¿∂Xv Bim≥, h≈-

tØmƒ, D≈q¿ F∂o ]Xn-`-I-fpsS

IS-∂p-h-cthmsSbmWv. ka-]-`m-h-∑m-

cmb Ch-cn¬ Bims‚ `mh-]-]©w

AXp-hsc ae-bm-fn°v A]-cn-Nn-X-amb

taJ-e-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

sshb-‡nI ]W-b-Øns‚ XoIvjv-W-

X-sb-s¥∂v ae-bmfn Adn-bp-∂Xv

]n∂o-Sp-h∂ CS-∏≈n°hn-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-

Wv. \ntbm-¢m-kn-k-Øns‚ F√m amaq-

ep-Ifpw shSn™v hnIm-cm-fl-I-amb

Hcp Imev]-\nI Imhy-`mj ]Xy-£-

am-Ip-∂Xv Ch-cn-em-Wv. Nß-ºp-gbpw

CS-∏-≈nbpw ]Wbkmµ-amb ss\cm-

iyhpw hnc-lhpw sshIm-cn-I-X-bp-

sa√mw a[p-tcm-Zm-c-amb A\p- qXn ]]-

©-am°n am‰n. ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬

B[p-\n-IX Pzen-®p-\n∂ L´-Ønepw

]W-bhpw hnc-lhpw \nc-h[n Ihn-

X-Iƒ°v ]ta-b-am-bn- p-≠v. Aø-∏-]-Wn-

°-cpsS "]I-ep-Iƒ cmXn-Ifn'se

"k‘ym -Jfiw', k®n -Zm -\ -µs‚

"Bfl-KoX' XpS-ßnb Ihn-X-Iƒ CXn-

\p-Zm-l-c-W-amWv. F∂m¬ ]W-b-

Øns‚ Hcp hnime `q]Sw Hcp-ßp∂

ImgvN _me-N-µ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sns‚

Ihn-X-I-fn-emWv \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. B[p-

\nI Ime-Øns‚ AkvXn-Xz-hy-Y-I-fn¬

So®¿ sSIvÃv 61

\n∂p-ap≈ kz]v\m-fl-I-amb Hcp A`-

b-ambn _me-N-µs‚ Ihn-X-I-fn¬

]W-bm-h-ÿ-Ifpw ]W-bn-\n-Ifpw IS-

∂p-h-∂p. kzbw IpØnapdn-th-ev]n-®p-

≠mb Bfl-th-Z-\-Isf A\p-`q-Xn-I-

fm°n am‰p∂ ck-X¥w _me-N-µs‚

Ihn-X-I-fn¬ ImWmw. "]W-b-KoXw',

"hy¿∞-am-k-Ønse IjvS-cmXn',

"B\-µ-[mc', "t]mIq -]n-b-s∏´ ]£n',

"kµ¿i\w' XpS-ßnb Ihn-X-I-fn-Xn-\p-

Zm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv.

""Xoh-X, bph-Xzw, ]Zm-\zb\ho\X,

hmKvkw-Ko-Xw, \n¿ΩmW Iui-esØ

Ihn™p t]mIp∂ hmk-\m-ssh-`-hw,

kzc-ssh-hn-[yw, kºq¿Æ-amb kpXm-

cyX, A\¿§-f-amb Du¿÷ ]hm-lw,

akvXn-jvI-tØ°mƒ lrZ-b-Øn-ep≈

hnizmkw Cßs\ Nß-ºpg°hn-X-

bpsS sshin-jvSy-߃ ]eXpw _me-

N-µs‚ Ihn-Xbnepw ]Xy-£-s∏´v

AXns\ bphlrZ-b-߃°p ]nb-¶-

c-am-°p-∂p... F-t∏mgpw hcn-™p-ap-dp-

Inb Iºn-t]m-se-bmWv `mj. H∂p

sXm´m¬ aXn AXp-ds° apg-ßpw.

Xo£vW ]tbmKkar-≤-am-b, D®-ÿm-

bn-bn-ep-≈ Cu ssien-bpsS KpWw

FIvkv-]-j-Wn-ÃvNn-X-I-e-bnse ISpw-

h-c-Iƒ t]mse AXv NSp-e-Xo-h-amb

hnIm-cm-hn-jvImcw km[n-°p∂p F∂-

Xm-Wv.''

˛k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xm-]-T-\-

߃)

Pohn-X-kw-L¿j-߃ Bbncw ^W-

ßfp-b¿Øn ap∂n¬ \n¬°p-tºmƒ

kz]v\wt]mepw ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ

Hcp \nk-lm-b-hÿ Fgp]-Xp-I-fpsS

Ah-km-\-Ønepw F¨]-Xp-I-fpsS

XpS-°-Ønepw ae-bm-fn-bpsS Pohn-X-

Øn-ep-≠m-bn. kz]v\-߃ \nd-®p- h®

Imev]-\nI a\v (sNºIw ]qØ-I-

cƒ) Icn™p t]mb Ime-amWXv.

Acn-In-em-hp-tºmgpw A]-cn-Nn-X-Xzhpw

AI¬®bpw _m[n®v au\Øn-te-°p-

]-Xn-°p∂ ]W-b-sØ-bmWv _me-

Nµ≥ Np≈n-°mSv "kµ¿i-\'-Øn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]W-b-Øns‚ qX-

h¿Ø-am-\-ßsf hyXy-kvX-amb \nd-

°q-´p-I-fn-emWv Ihn hc-®p-Im-´p-∂-Xv.

hyh-t—Zn-®-dn-bm-\m-hmØ hnlz-eX

_m[n® B[p-\nI a\-ns‚ ]W-

bsØbmWv \mw ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv.

AXv tIhew `uXn-I-amb XS--ß-

sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Bi-¶-I-f-√. Bƒ°q-´-

Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw Hmtcm a\p-jy-

s\bpw H‰ -s∏ -Sp -Øp∂ Fs¥m-

s°tbm ]pXn -b-tem-I-Øn-ep -≠v.

hy‡n- A-\p- -hn-°p∂ Cu H‰-s∏-Sepw

A\y -Xm -t_m -[hpw I°m-Sns‚

"]m¿°n¬' t]mep≈ Ihn-X-I-fn¬

apºpXs∂ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp -∂p -≠v.

Imev]-\nIamb Cta-P-dn-Iƒ°p]-Icw

\mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ]mcpjyw ]I-S-am-

°p∂ Nn”-߃ sIm≠mWv CØcw

A\p-`-h-ßsf B[p\n-I-I-hn -Iƒ

Bhnjv°-cn-®n-´p-≈-Xv.

Nß-ºp-g-sb-t∏mse Imev]-\n-IX

Np≈n -°m -Sns‚ Ihn -X -bp -sSbpw

A¥¿[m-c-bmWv. F∂m¬ efn-X-tIm-

af ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ sIm≠v hnh-cn-°m-\m-

hp∂ Hc-\p-`-h-a√ Np≈n-°m-Sn\v ]W-

bw. Xoh-sa-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ Xo£vW-

am-W-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ hm°p-IƒXs∂

Akw-_-‘-am-Ip∂ Ah-ÿ. AXp-

sIm≠v "au\w-Ip -Sn°pI' F∂p

62 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Ihn°p ]tbm-Kn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p. A\p-

` -h -Øns‚ XoIvjvW-Xsb

kqNn∏n°m≥ s]m≈p-∂tXm apdn-

th¬∏n-°p-∂tXm Bb hm°p-Iƒ,

Cta-P-dn-Iƒ Np≈n-°m-Sns‚ Ihn-X-I-

fn¬ \nc-¥cw ]Xy£-s∏-Sp-∂p.

ap≈p-ap-‰nb apJw, IÆnse k¿∏-°fw,

Imf-t®m-c-tI-gp∂ HmS-h°v, inJ-fin-

sb- s]‰ t]°n-\mhv (Aam-hm-kn) XpS-

ßnb _nw_-ß-fnse cuZ -`mhw

Bkp-c-amb \mK-cn-I-Xsb Bhn-jv°-

cn-°m≥ ]cym-]vXambn-´p-≠v. ]Xy-£-

Øn¬ _‘-an-√mØ ]Z-߃ hnf-°n-

t®¿Øv khn-ti-j-am-sbmcp mh-X-ew

kr-jvSn-°p∂ coXn Np≈n-°m-Sns‚

s]mXp-k-hn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. `qXhpw

Ab-\hpw \ap-°-dn -bmw. F∂m¬

"`qXmb\w' Ihn -`m-jbv°p kΩm-\n-

°p∂ \£-X-amWv. tNmc-∏m-f-w, PKZv -

£-I-≥, Ima -Iw -_-fw, Bt·-b-

ku-lrZw, Xnan-c-Im-ew, \ntbm¨ hk-

¥w, qX-hyY, ¢mhp-]n-Sn® lrZbw, \c-

I-Xo¿∞w, IØp∂ Npw_\w XpS-ßn

]Z-t®-cp-h-I-fpsS tLmj-bmX Ihn-X-

I-fn-ep-S-\ofw Is≠-Ømw.

kakvX-]-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw ]Z-tbm-K-ß-fp-

sSbpw Zriy-_nw-_-ß-fp-sSbpw khn-

ti-j-amb k∂n-thiwsIm≠mWv

Ihn ]pXnb `mh-temIw krjvSn-°p-

∂Xv. CØcw Akm-[m-c-W-amb ]Z-

t®¿®-Iƒ Np≈n-°m-Sn\v ]nb-s∏- -Xm-

Wv.

"kµ¿i\'Øns‚ XpS -°-Øn¬

hmNyX-e-Øn¬ \nc¿∞-I-sa∂p

tXm∂p∂ "au\w IpSn-°pI' F∂

Inb-bn-te-°m-Wv Ihn \sΩ- sIm-≠p-

t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. H∂n-®n-cn-°p-tºmgpw Ian-

Xm-°ƒ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-

Ime ZpxJØns‚ Xoh-Xbpw thZ-

\bpw \n-lm-b-Xbpw ]cn-Nn-X-a-

√mØ Cu ]Z-t®¿®-sIm≠v Ihn-

A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

]W-b-Øns‚ a[ptcm -Z -mc -amb,

h¿Æi_-f-amb Hcp `qX-Ime NnXw

Ihn hc-®n-Sp-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬ h¿Ø-

am -\ -Øn -se -Øp -tºmƒ NnXw

Xo¿Øpw Duj-c-am-Ip-∂p. AhnsS

IhnXt]mepw hc≠p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂p.

\c-I-cm-Xn-Ifpw \nXy-]-bm-W-ß-fp-

amWv AhnsS hn[n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv.

\ne-hn-fn-t]mepw \ni-_vZ-am-bn-Øo-cp-

∂p. sXm≠-bn¬ ]nS-bp∂ \ne-hnfn

Xpc¶Øn¬ H‰-s∏- -hs‚ \n-lm-bX

\sΩ A\p-`-hn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Ihn-X-t]mepw hc-≠p-t]mb `qan-bn¬

Imev]-\nIXbpsS ImØn-cn∏v A¿∞-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 63

h-Ø-s√∂v Ihn- I-cp-Xp-∂p. AXp-

sIm≠pXs∂ ]W-b-tØmSv Ihn°v

hnS-]-d-bmsX hø. \c-I-cm-Xn-bpsS

\K-c-ho-Yn-I-fn-te°v A`n-i-]vX-amb Hc-

e-®n-en\v Ah≥ hn[n-°-s∏- n-cn°p-∂p.

]Xo-£m-cm-ln-Xy-Øns‚bpw FIm-¥-

hn-lz-e-X-I-fp-sSbpw hnizmk\jvS-ß-

fp-sSbpw ]md-bn-Sp-°n¬ kzbw \nt£-

]n®v Xncn®p \S-°p-I-bmtWm Ihn?

Bizmk-Øns‚ Xnf-°w, Bi-bn-°m-

hp∂ aqeyw, Ch-sbm∂pw Ahtijn-

°p-∂n-t√?

Cu tNmZy-߃°v Ihn \¬Ip∂

DØcw Xs∂-bmWv Xm\p-t]-£n-®p-

t]m-b-sX-¶nepw Xs∂ ]n¥p-S-cp∂

]W-bw. AXp P\-\m-¥c kulr-

Zhpw Ccp-´n-ep-Zn-°p∂ kqcy-ap-J-hp-am-

Wv.

Ihn-X-bn-te-°v

Iuam-c-Im-esØ ]km-Z-h-Øm-°p∂

k¶-ev]-ßfpw kz]v\-ßfpw Fs¥m-

s°-bm-hmw?

`mhn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ \nß-fpsS k¶-ev]-

ßfpw Bi-Ifpw ]Xo£Ifpw

Fs¥m-s°-bm-Wv?

$ BÀm-Z-I-c-amb IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw

$ sXmgn¬cwKsØ hnP-b-߃

$ ]nb-X-c-ß-fmb kulr-Z-߃

Ch-sbms° \sΩ ]tNm-Zn-∏n-°p-∂n-

t√?

]W-b-sa∂ A\p -`q -Xn -I -c -amb

kz]v\hpw Ch-bvs°m∏w Iq´n-h-bv°m-

tam?

Pohn-XsØ h¿Wm-`-am-°p∂ aqey-h-

Ømb A\p-`-h-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv ]W-

bw. ]W-b-Øns‚ hyXykvX `m-h-

߃ ]I-S-am-Ip∂ Hcp IhnX ]cn-N-

b-s∏Smw.

"kµ¿i\w' F∂ IhnX `mhm-fl-I-

ambn Be-]n-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Smw. anI®

Bem-]-\-߃ GsX∂v Ip´n-Iƒ ]d-

b-s´. AXn-\p-tijw Ihn-bpsS i_vZ-

Øn-ep≈ Bem-]\w Ah¿ i≤n®p

tIƒ°-s´.

Ihn-X-bnse kmam\y Bi-b-߃

Is≠-Øm-\p≈ N¿®.

$ kµ¿iI apdn -bn¬ ]c-kv]cw

H∂pw an≠m≥ t]mepw ]‰m-Xn-cn-

°p∂ ]W-bn-Iƒ.

$ \nd-sb-∏qØ ]W-b-Øns‚ Hcp

]q¿∆-Imew.

$ Ct∏mƒ PohnXw hnlz-e-amb Hc-

e-®n-em-Wv.

$ At∏mgpw ]W-bn-\n-bpsS Hm¿a

km¥z-\-am-Ip-∂p.

Cu Bi-b-߃ N¿®-bn-eqsS kwK-

ln-°-s∏-S-Ww. \nco-£-W-߃ Ip´n-

Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s´.

]W-b-Øns‚ BÀm-Zhpw Dt∑-jhpw

Ihn-X-bn¬ ]Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-sX-ß-s\?

]W-b-Øns‚ \ncm-im-`mhw Ihn-X-

bn¬ sXfn-bp-∂p-t≠m?

\nßsf BI¿jn® hcn-Iƒ Gh?

F¥p-sIm≠v?

64 lb¿ sk°‚dn

CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ N¿® \S-°-Ww.

Bkzm-Z\][m\-amb hn[-Øn-em-

hWw Ihn-X-bpsS Ah-X-c-Whpw

N¿®-bpw.

]tbm-K-ß-fpsS

kuµcyw Is≠-ج

Ihn-X-bpsS `mj kmam-\y-hy-h-lm-c-

`m-j-bn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-am-W-t√m.

tIh-e-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\-∏pdw

`mh-kw-th-Z-\-Øns‚ Hcp Xew ]Z-ß-

fpsS khn -ti-j-amb tN¿®-I-fn -

eqsSbpw hn\ym-k-Øn-eqsSbpw Ihn

krjvSn-°p-∂p. Ihn-bpsS mjm-]-tbm-

K-߃°v tIh-e-amb ]Zm¿∞-߃°-

∏p-d-tØ°v hym]n-°p-hm≥ tijn-bp-≠v.

CXp km[-y-am-Ip-∂Xv khn-ti-j-amb

Imhy-k-µ¿`-ß-fnemWv F∂Xpw

i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Imhy-`m-j-bpsS

Cu khn-tij kz`m-h-Øn-te°v ]Tn-

Xm-°sf \bn-°m-\p≈ ia-amWv Cu

]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS \S-t°-≠-Xv.

- Ihn-X-bnse apJy- m-h-ß-tf-sXm-s°-

bmWv F∂ tNmZy-Øn-eqsS XpS-ßm-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ ]W-bw

$ hnjm-Zw

$ GIm-¥X

$

$

CØcw sshIm-cnI A\p-`-h-ßsf

]Im-in-∏n-°m≥ Ihn kzoI-cn-®n-cn-

°p∂Xv GsXms° ]Z-ßfpw _nw_-

ß-fp-amWv?

Ah tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-h-iy-s∏-Smw.

$ angn-I-fn¬ \j-vS-s∏-SpI

$ kwKo-X-ap≈ \nizmkw

$ ac-W-th-K-Øn-tem-Sp∂ h≠n-

Iƒ

$ \nXy-]-bm-Ww, \c-I-cm-Xn-Iƒ

$ GIm-Inbmw ]mW≥

$ au\w IpSn-®n-cn-°pI

$

$

ta¬ sImSpØ kqN-\-Iƒ ]Wbw

hnjmZw XpS-ßnb sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`-h-

ßsf kq£va-ambn A`n-hy-RvPn-∏n-°p-

hm≥ FX-amXw klm-b-I-am-hp∂p?

c≠p-]-Z-߃ XΩn¬ tNcp-tºmƒ

aq∂m-a-sXmcp ]Z-a√ Hcp \£-X-amWv

DZn-°p-∂-Xv F∂v tdm_¿ v _uWnßv

F∂ BwK-teb Ihn ]d-bp-∂p-≠-

t√m. ]Z-߃°v ]pXnb A¿∞w e`n-

°p∂Xn¬ Imhy-k-µ¿`-Øn\p≈

]m[m-\y-sa¥v?

sshtem-∏n-≈n-bpsS "amº-g-'Ønse

"ac-X-I-In-ßnWn kuK‘nI kz¿Æ-

ambnØocpwaptº' F∂ ]tbm-Kw

i≤-bn¬s∏-SpØmw. "ac-X-I-In-ßn-

Wn°pw' "kuK-‘nI kz¿Æ-Øn\pw'

]Xy-£-Øn¬ amß F∂ A¿∞w

e`n-°p-∂n-√ F∂m¬ Imhy-k-µ¿`-

Øn¬ \n∂v IÆn -amß amº-g -

ambnamdp-∂-Xm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dn-hv GXp

hmb-\-°m-c\pw D≠m-Ipw.

hnc¬, IÆv XpS-ßnb ]Z-ß-fpsS

kmam-\y-amb A¿∞w \ap-°-dn-bmw.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 65

F∂m¬ Ihn-X-bn¬ Ahbv°v khn-

ti-j-amb `mhm¿∞-X-e-߃ krjvSn-

°m≥ Ihn°v Ign-™-sX-ßs\?

hnc¬ F∂ ]Zw I\I-ssa-em©n

\ocn¬ XpSpØ hnc-em -Ip -∂Xpw

k‘y Ip¶p-a-Ø-cn-]p-c≠ NnZw-_c

k‘y-bm-Ip-∂Xpw Imhy-k-µ¿ -Øn\p

\¬Inb A[n-I-tim` Fs¥m-s°-

bmWv?

F¥p-sIm -≠mWv Ihn Ic -fns\

s]m≥sN-ºIw ]qØ Ic-sf∂v hnti-

jn-∏n-®-Xv.

$ s]m≥sN-ºIw ]qØ- I-cƒ ]W-

b-`m-h-Øns‚ aq¿Ø-cq-]-w.

$ ]q°ƒ hncn-bp-∂Xv hk-¥-Im-e-

Øn-em-Wv. ]Wbw a\-ns‚

hk-¥-am-Wv. sNº-Iw ae-bm-fn°v

]nb-s∏´ ]W-b-]-Xo-I-w.

$ "I\-I-ssa-em©n \ocn¬ XpSpØ

hnc¬' hnc-ens‚ XpSp-∏v F∂-Xn-

\-∏pdw a‰v A¿∞-km-[y-X-I-

fpt≠m?

$ kuµcyw, am¿Zhw, kv]¿i-Øm-

ep-≠m-hp∂ Ahm-Ny-amb A\p- q-

Xn.

$ Nph∏v ]W-b-Øns‚ \nd-w.

$ "\n≥Ip¶paØcn-]p-c≠ NnZw-_c

k-‘y-Iƒ' F∂ ]tbmKØns‚

Imhy-`wKn F¥mWv?

$ NnZw-_cw ˛ a\-m-Ip∂ BIm-

iw.

$ Fs‚ a\-ns‚ BIm-i-Ønse

k‘y-Iƒ°v \ndw e`n-°p-∂Xv

\ns‚ s\‰n-bnse Ip¶p-a-Ø-cn-∏p-

c-≠n-´m-Wv.

$ Fs‚ a\-ns\ BÀm-Z-a-b-am-

°p∂ kpµ-cm-\p-`q-Xn-I-sf√mw

\n∂n¬ \n∂p h∂p-tN¿∂-h-b-

tX. \o Cs√-¶n¬ Fs‚ k‘y-

Iƒ°v \nd -an -√m -sX-bm -Ipw.

k‘ybv°p \ndw sI´mtem,

F√mw Ccp-fm-Ipw.

$ Ip¶paw Zmº-Xy-]-W-b-sa∂ k¶-

ev]-tØmSv _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p-

∂p.

$ s\Snb IÆnse IrjvW-Im-¥-

߃X≥ Inc-W-ta-s‰s‚ Nn√-Iƒ

]qØXpw˛Cu hcn-bpsS mh-Xew

F¥v?

$ IrjvW-a-Wnsb IrjvW-Im-¥-am-

°p-∂-Xp-hgn AXns‚ BI¿j-W-

i‡n hyRvPn∏n-°p∂p. Nn√-Iƒ

]q°p-∂Xv kqcy-In-c-W-ta-‰-mW-

t√m. ChnsS kqcy-In-cWw ]W-

bn-\n-bpsS ISm-£-am-Wv. Nn√ -I-

hn-bpsS hnIm-c-tem-I-ambn amdp-

∂p. hm°p-I-fpsS [z\-\- w-Kn-sIm-

≠mWv CØcw A¿∞-X-e-ß-fn-

te°v IhnX hnI-kn-°p∂-Xv.

Cu BibXe-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ ]Z-ßfpsS HuNn-Xyw, ]Z-߃

khn-ti-j-ambn tNcp-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂

A[n-I-am-\w, hm°p-I-fpsS ]Xy-

£m¿∞-Øn-\-∏p-dØv kqNn-Xm¿∞-

Øn\p ssIh-cp∂ ]m[m\yw Ch-

sb√mw Dƒs°m-≈n®p sIm≠v Hcp

Ipdn-∏p-X-øm-dm-°p-I. \nco-£W X\n-

a-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

Ip´n-Iƒ kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´.

66 lb¿ sk°‚dn

[z\n-Xew Is≠-ج

`mj-bpsS km[m-cW hymI-cW \nb-

a-ß-sf, kmam-\y-hy-h-lm-c-`m-j-bpsS

kº-Zm-b-ßsf, IhnX \nc-¥cw

sh√p-hn -fn -°p-∂p. Hmtcm hm°pw

AXns‚ kµ¿`-Øn-¬ \n∂pw khn-

ti-j-amb A¿∞-߃ kzoI-cn-°p∂p

F∂v Ihn-X-bpsS A¿t∞m¬]m-Z\

km[y-X-sb-°p-dn®v k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ \nco-

£n-°p-∂p. kµ¿i\w F∂ Ihn-X-

bnepw CØ-c-Ønep≈ ]tbm-K-߃

D≠v.

˛ au\w IpSn-°p-I, angn-I-fn¬

\jvS-s∏-Sp-I, GIm-¥-tcm-Z\w

]nS-bpI XpS-ßnb ]tbm-K-

ßfpsS khn -ti-j-Xew

F¥mWv?

Ihn Cu ]tbm-K-ß-fn-eqsS Dt±-in-®-

Xv F¥mhmw?

kmam-\y-hy-h-lm-c-Øn¬ \manßs\

D]--tbm-Kn-°m-dn-√. F∂m¬ Ihn-X-bn-

em-Ip-tºmƒ kµ¿`-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v

CØcw ]tbm-K-߃°v km[p-X-bp-

≠v.

Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv:$ kµ¿i-I-ap-dn-bn¬ H∂n-®n-cn-°p-

tºmgpw GIm-¥X A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-

h-cmWv Ihn-X-bnse ]W-bn-Iƒ.

$ ]Wbw \¬Ip∂ Bfl-hn-kvar-Xn,

H‰-s∏-S-ens‚ thZ-\, H∂p \ne-hn-

fn-°m≥ t]mep-am-ImØ \n-lm-

bX.

$ au\w IpSn-®n-cn-°pI ˛ kµ¿iI

apdn-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw IpSn-®n-cn-

°pI F∂ km[m-cW A\p-`-h-

sØ-bmWv Ihn au\w IpSn-®n-cn-

°pI F∂ khn-tij A\p-`-h-

am°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

˛ ]W-bnIƒ°n-S-bnse au\w

Bg-ta-dn-b-Xm-Wv.

˛ hm°p-Iƒ°-Xo-X-am-Wv Ah-

cpsS am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ.

˛ kwkmcw ]pd-tØ-°p≈ Bhn-

jv°m-c-sa-¶n¬ au\w X∂n-

te°v Xs∂-bp≈ k©m-c-

amWv.

˛ H‰-s∏-S-ens‚ Ak-lyX

˛

XpS-ßnb `mh-߃ Cu ]tbm-K-Øn-

eqsS Ihn hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂p.

angn-I-fn¬ \jvS-s∏-SpI

˛ ]c-kv]cw IÆp-I-fn¬ t\m°n-

bn-cn -°p-tºmƒ ]W-bn-Iƒ

Ah-cpsS thZ-\-Iƒ ad-∂p-t]m-

Ip-∂p.

˛ Ah¿ kzbw ad-°p∂p.

˛ Rms\∂ mhw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p.

˛ hm°p-IƒsIm≠v hnh-cn-°m-\m-

ImØ B¥-cnI `mhw ]c-

kv]cw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.

sXm≠-bn¬ ]nS-bp∂ GIm-¥-tcm-

Z\w.

˛ kzX-¥-amb Bfl-k-©mcw

km[y-am-ImsX t]mIp-∂-Xn-

ep≈ \jvS-t_m[w.

˛ tcmZ -\ -Øns‚ GIm-¥X

Abm-fp-sSbpw GIm-¥-X-bm-Wv.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 67

˛ ]nS-®n¬, tcmZ\w Ch tN¿∂p

hcp -tºmƒ AXv ac-W∏nS-

®nens\ Hm¿Ωn-∏n°pw.

˛ hc≠ kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬

GIm-¥-ambn \ne -hn -fn -

°m≥t]mep-am-ImØ kn-lm-

b-X.

IqSp-X¬ khn-ti-j-amb ]tbm-K-߃

Is≠-Ø-s´. Ah-bpsS kq£va-amb

A¿∞-X-e-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°-s´.

hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃

˛ \nco-£-W-ß-fnse X\na

˛ Imhy-k-µ¿ -hp-am-bp≈

s]mcpØw

˛ `mjm-]-c-amb anIhv

HuNnXyw Is≠-ØpI

sshhn-[y-am¿∂ A\p-`-h-ßsf Bhn-

jv°-cn-°p-tºmƒ sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂

]Z-ß-fpsS HuNn-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v \ap-

°-dn-bm-a-t√m.

a™-sØ-®n-∏q-¶p-e-t]mse

aRvPn-a-hn-Scpw ]pe¿Imte

\n∂q efn-tX -\o-sb≥ ap∂n¬

\n¿hrXnX≥s]m≥IXn¿t]mse

F∂v Xs‚ a\-kzn-\nsb hnti-jn-∏n-

°p∂ Nß-ºpg as‰m-c-h-ÿ-bn¬

Ahsf

sImSn-b- h-kq-cn-bn-ep-K-hn-cq-]X

tIma-c-amSo \n∂p-S-en¬

F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xp t\m°p-I.

BZy-k-µ¿`-Øn¬ ]km-Zm-fl-Ihpw

Imev]-\n-I-hp-amb efn-X-tIm-af ]Z-

ßfmWv Ihn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

]n∂oSv AXns‚ ÿm\Øv sImSnb

hkq-cnbpw, DK-hn-cq-]-Xbpw DS-en¬

cuZ-`mhw ]q≠p-\n¬°p-∂Xv \mw

ImWp-∂p.

Xn‡-amb Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-amWv

Ihn-X-bnse \mb-I-t‚-Xv. F∂m¬

a[p-tcm-Zm-c-amb Hcp `qX-Im-e-sØ-°p-

dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω-Iƒ \mb-I≥ Ab-hn-d-

°p-∂p≠v. B Hm¿Ω-I-fpsS km¥z-\-

amWv thZ-\-Iƒ ad-°m≥ Abmsf

klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv.

"kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn -X -bn¬

Ibv°p∂ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-sØbpw

a[p-cn-°p∂ `qX-Im-e-sØbpw Ah-X-

cn -∏n -°m≥ Ihn D]-tbm-Kn® ]Z-

߃°p \nd-t -Z-ß-fp≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ Ihn-

X-bn¬ \n∂pw Ah-I-s≠-Ø-s´.

$ I\-I-ssa-em-©n, IrjvW-Im-¥w,

Ip¶p-a-Øcn, Inc-Ww, ]q°p-I,

XpSpØ.

XpSßnb ]km-Zm-flI ]Z-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw Xn‡-h¿Ø-am-\-Øn-se-Øp-

tºmƒ `mjbv°v Fs¥√mw hyXym-

k-ß-fmWv h∂p tNcp-∂Xv?

]Z-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´ ˛ ac-

W-th-Kw, h≠n, \K-c-ho-Yn, \nXy-]-

bm-Ww, aZn-c, \c-I-cm-Xn, kX-®p-a-cp-

Iƒ.

BZyw I≠ ]km-Zm-fl-I-amb ]Z-ß-

fn¬\n∂v Ch Fß-s\-sb√mw

hyXykvX-am-hp∂p?

Cu ]Z-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p∂ `mh-

߃ Fs¥-√m-am-Wv.

$ \nd-∏-In-´n-√mØ temIw

$ h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Øns‚

]mcpjyw

68 lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ Xoh-hn-jmZw

$ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS hnlz-eX

$ A\y-h¬°-cWw

]W-b-Øns‚ `qX-h¿Ø-am -\ -

ßsf°pdn-®p≈ \nco-£-W-ß-fn¬

\n∂p-Xs∂ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n-te°v

t]mIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]W-b-Xo-cØv km¥z\w sIm≠ Hcp

Imehpw hnlz-e-amb as‰m-cp- Im-ehpw

]tbm-K-ß-fpsS hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS

Is≠-Øm-a-t√m. Cu ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS

Ihn -X -bpsS ka- K -amb Bib

XesØ I≠p-sIm≠v Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-

te°p t]mImw.

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

kµ¿i\w F∂ Ihn -X -bpsS

Fs¥ms° khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv \nß-

sf-bm-I¿jn-®Xv?

]Tn-Xm-°ƒ A`n-]mbw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-

s´.

$ Ihn-X-bpsS `mh-Xo-£vWX

$ khn-ti-j-Nm-cp-X-bp≈ ]tbm-

K-߃

$ _nw_-߃

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fp-≠m-

hmw.

A`n-]mbw Ihn-X-bnse sXfn-hp-I-f-p-

]-tbm-Kn®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°-Ww.

A`n-]m-b-ß-fn¬ X\n-abpw kqIvjva-

X-bpap≈h ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ Xs∂ Is≠-

Øs´.

Ihn-X-bn-ep-S-\ofw Htc `mh-Øns‚

Xs∂ CS-X-S-hn-√mØ hf¿®-bmtWm

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v

k¿Km-fl-I I-r-Xn-I-fpsS BZy-hm-b-\-Xs∂ Bkzm-Z\w e£ywh®p-≈-Xm-Wv.IrXn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ A]-K-Y-\-hn-i-I-e-\ -߃ ASp -Ø-L-´ -am -Wv. ]t£Bkzm-Z-\-Øn¬\n∂v -In-´p∂ Dt∑-j-amWv hmb-\-°m-c\v Db¿∂ Xe-Øn-ep≈ At\z-j-W-]-T-\-߃°v t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ ]e- hn-Xm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-hmw. BZy-L-´-ß-fn¬ Ah ]e-t∏mgpw ]ta-b-sØ-°p-dn -®p≈ hni-Zo -I-c -W-߃amXamhmw. ]n∂oSv AXn-e-∏p-d-ap≈Nn¥-Ifpw At\z-j-W-ßfpw Bcw-`n-°pw. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hf¿®-bm-Wv \mwhnZym¿Yn-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv.

k¿Km-flI cN-\-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\hpwHcp k¿Km-flI I¿Ω-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p -Xs∂ hkvXp -\n -j vT -X -bn¬Ihn™ Bfl-\n-jvTX Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n¬ Is≠Øm≥ ]‰n-sb-∂p-h-cmw. IrXn X∂n¬ G¬∏n® A\p-`-h-ßfpsS hni-Zo-I-c-W-ambn Bkzm-Z\w cq]-s∏-SWw. Hcp k¿Km-flIhyh-lm-c-am-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏ns‚ LS\ C∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂v \n¿tZ-in-°m≥ hø. F¶nepwhnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS cN-\bv°v Hcp A°m-Z-anI kz`mhw Bh-iy-am-b-Xp-sIm≠vAh-bv°p-≠m-th≠ Nne KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A[ym-]nIbv°v [mcWthWw.

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n¬ IrXn-bpsS ]ta-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam\y hnh-cWwD≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Hcp IrXn-bn¬ Hscm‰]ta-bta D≠m-hp-I-bp≈q F∂v Icp-Xp-∂Xv icn-b-√. hmb-\-°m-c-\mWvIrXn-bnse ]ta-bsØ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xv.Hcm-fn¬ \n∂v as‰mcmfn-te°v amdp-tºmƒ Is≠-Øp∂ ]ta-bhpw hyXy-kvX-am-hpw.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 69

\n߃°v A\p-`-h-s∏-´Xv?

$ ]Wbw F∂ `mhw AXns‚

ambnI `wKn-tbmsS ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-

≠v.

$ ]Wbwt]mepw km[y-am-hmØ

am\-kn-Im-\p-`-hhpw Cu Ihn-X-

bpsS ]ta-b-am-Wv.

$ \n-lm-bX

$ PohnXw \nc¿∞-I-sa∂

tXm∂¬

$ ITn-\-amb GIm-¥X

$ H∂n-t\mSpw ]q¿W-ambpw s]mcp-

Ø-s∏-Sm-\m-hmØ A\y-Ym-Xzw.

CØcw Bi-b-ß-sfms° N¿®-bn¬

Db¿∂p hcmw.

F¶nepw ]Wbw \nc¿∞-I-am-sW∂

tXm∂¬ Ihn-X-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p-

t≠m. IhnX H∂pIqSn ]cn-tim-[n-

°s´.

]Wb Ime-Øns‚ \nd-®m¿Øv FX-

tØmfw Hma-\-Ø-tØm-sS-bmWv Ihn

NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

""I\-I-ssa-em©n \ocn¬ XpSp-Ø˛

F∂m-cw-`n-°p∂ `mKhpw

""Ccp-fn-e-t∏m-fp-Zn-°p∂p \n≥ apJw

Icp-Wamw P\-\m-¥-c-km-¥z\w''

F∂ hcn-Ifpw i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

hn-lz-e-X-I-fp-sS Ccp-´n-epw Hm¿a-bn-ep-

Zn-°p∂ ]W-bn-\n-bpsS apJw P\-\m-

¥-c-km-¥z-\-am-sW∂pXs∂ Ihn ]d-

bp-∂p-≠v.

]e P\-\-ß-fn¬, ]e P∑-ß-fn-te°v

km¥z\w ]I-cp-∂-XmWv Cu ]W-bw.

""AcpXp sNm√p-hm≥ \µn'' F∂

]tbm-K-Øn¬ GXp \µn -hm -°p -

Iƒ°p-a-∏p-d-amWv ]Wbw ]I¿∂

B\-µhpw Bizm-khpw F∂p hy‡-

am-hp-∂p.

kµ¿i-\ -Ønse ]Wbw FX-

tØmfw XoIvjvWhpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb

Hcp k¶ev]-am-sW∂v Ip´n-Iƒ hne-

bn-cp-Ø-s´.

Bkzm-Z-\-Øn¬ htc-≠p-∂Xv:

$ Ihn-X-bpsS Bi-b-Xew

$ `mh-Xew

$ Imhy-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

]ta-b-tØm-sSm∏w ][m-\-amWvBhn-jv°m-c-co-Xnbpw. F¥p ]d-bp∂pF∂-Xp-t]mse Fßs\ ]d-bp∂pF∂Xpw ]k-‡-amWv F∂¿∞w.Bhn-jv°mc coXn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\w Iptd-°qSn ]bmkIc-am-Wv. a‰pIrXn-I-fp-am-bp≈ Xmc-Xayw ChnsSBh-iy-ambn ht∂°mw.

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Hcp IrXnsb ka-K-ambn I≠-dn-™p≈ Fgp-ØmWv.F¶nepw IrXn-bnse Nne `mK-ßtfmhcn-Itfm hmb-\-°m-cs\ IqSp-X¬BI¿jn-s®-∂p-h-cpw. Ahsb°pdn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw Ipdn-∏ns\ IqSp-X¬B[n-Im-cn-I-am-°pw. Akzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏n\p \¬Ip∂ io¿j-Ihpw i≤n-°-s∏tS-≠-Xm-Wv. io¿jIw D≈-S-°-tØmSv \oXn-]p-e¿Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

70 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Xmc-Xayw sNøpI

ZpxJØns‚ el-cn-bn¬ kzbw A`n-c-

an®v Ahbv°v Imhym -hn -jvImcw

\¬Inb Ihn-I-fmWv Nß-ºp-gbpw

_me-N-µ≥ Np≈n-°mSpw. ZpxJØns‚

AKm-[-X-bn¬ kzbw \jvS-s∏ v, BIp-

eXIfpw Bk-‡n-Ifpw \nd™

hy‡n-Po-hn-Xhpw Ah-bpsS k¿§m-fl-

Im-hn-jvIm-c-ß-fn-eqsS t\Snb kº-∂-

amb Hcp Imhy-Po-hn-Xhpw \bn® Ihn-

bmWv Nß-º-pg. ]W-b-Øns‚

A]mc-amb \n¿hr-Xnbpw ]W-b-\-jvS-

Øns‚ B¥-cnI thZ-\Ifpw Hcp

t]mse ]¶p-sh-bv°p∂XmWv ]mT-]p-

kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn-´p≈ "a\-kzn-

\n'bnse Cu hcn-Iƒ. "a\-kzn\n'

¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. thZ-\sb

D]m-kn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS "apc-fo -ar -Zp -

ch'amIp∂ Imhym-\p-`qXn X∂n-ep-W-

cs´ F∂m-K-ln-°p∂ Ihn-bpsS at\m-

hym -]mcw Ip´n -I -fpsS i≤-bn¬

sIm≠p-h-cWw. Nne tNmZy-߃

ChnsS D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

˛ "a\-kzn\n'bpw "kµ¿i-\'hpw

]¶p-h-bv°p-∂Xv Htc sshIm-cn-

Im-\p-`-h-ß-fmtWm?

˛ "ZpxJOmb Ie¿∂

]WbKmY' F∂ hnti-jWw

"kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn-Xbv°v

FX-amXw tbmPn-°p-∂p≠v?

-˛ ] W - b - I - h n - X - I - s f √ m w

ZpxJOmb Ie¿∂-h-bmtWm?

Nne IhnXIfpambn XmcXayw sNøq.

]W-b-te-J\wJeo¬ Pn_m≥

]nb-s∏´ Faneo, kz¿§-Øn-te°v Xpd∂pInS-°p∂ Hcp taL-Pm-e-

Iw. AXn-eqsS t\m°n-\n¬°p-∂- \ns‚ Xfn¿an-gn-Iƒ. angn-I-fn-eqsS

\£-X-ß-sfm-s∂m-∂mbn Xma-c-\q-en-eq-sSm-gpIn `qan-bn-se-Øp-∂Xv

Rm\n-t∏mgpw ImWp-∂p-≠v. hn[p-c-bmb Cu cmhns‚ Np≠n¬ \£-

X-߃ sIm≠v \ap-s°m∂pw ]I¿Øn-sh-°m-\m-hn-√. Cu cmhv XWp-

Øp-d™v lna-km-K-c-amIpw hsc \mw ImØn-cn-°p-I. At∏mƒ \ap°v

A\-¥-X-tbm-f-sam-gpIn \S-°mw. \ΩpsS IuXp-I-ß-fn-te°v s]bvXn-d-

ßp∂ Kn‰m-dns‚ taml\ \mZ-ß-fn-te°p Rm≥ \ns∂ tN¿Øp-

hbv°s´. At∏mƒ \o Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? taL-ß-fn-√m-Ø- \-`-n¬

GXp ]£n-bpsS hc-hn-s\-bmWv \o ImØn-cp-∂Xv? F\n-°-dn-bmw,

\£-X-ap-J-ap≈ Hcp ]pjv]hpw t]dn \o Fs∂- Im-Øp-\n-ev°p-∂p-

≠m-Ip-sa-∂v.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 71

B\-µ-[mc

_me-N-µ≥ Np≈n-°m-Sv.

NqSmsXt]mbv \o \n\-°mbn Rm≥, tNmc˛

Nm-dn-®p-h-∏n-s®-msc≥ ]\o¿∏q-hp-Iƒ

ImWmsX t]mbv \o \n\-°mbn Rms\s‚

]mWs‚ ]n∂n¬ Ipdn-®n´ hm°p-Iƒ

H∂p sXmSmsX t]mbo hnc¬Øp-ºn-\m¬

C∂pw \n\-°mbv XpSn-°p-sa≥ X¥n-Iƒ

A‘amw kwh¬k-c-߃°p-a-°sc

A¥-sa-gm-ØXmw Hm¿Ω-Iƒ°-°sc

Ip¶paw sXm´p-h-cp∂ ic-Xv°m-e˛

k‘y-bm-sW-∂p-sa-\n-°p-\o-tbm-at\

ZpxJam-sW-¶nepw \ns∂-°p-dn-®p≈

ZpxJsa-¥m-\-µ-am-sW-\n-t°m-at\,

Fs∂-∂p-sa≥ ]m\-]mXw \nd-bv°s´

\n∂-km-∂n[yw ]I-cp∂ thZ\.

\ns∂°pdn-®n-\n-sbm∂p ]mSs´ Rm≥.D≈w Xpd-s∂m∂p ]mSn

Rmt\m¿°s´\ns∂; \ns∂-°-≠p-Zn® ]pe-cn-Iƒ;\n≥hn-c¬Øp-º-Øp-W¿∂ \dpw

]q°ƒ;\n≥an--gn-sØ-√n¬ \ng-en®p \n∂ Rm≥;Fs‚ \n»q-\y-X-bn-¶¬ \n≥ ]p©ncnFs‚ auVy-Øn¬ NpW-Xcpw

\n≥samgn;sas√∏Wn-s∏-´p-b¿Øpw apJmw-_pPwX∂n¬ sNdp-]n-W-°-Øn≥ Icn-ºpI;\o Na-t™mcp\mƒ t\m°n-bn-t√-´-

s\≥t\sc' sb∂msI°eºpw ]cn-`hw;\Ωƒ ]qtX-Sn-®-hn-´nb ap≈p-Iƒ;

\sΩ-sbm-∂n®p hcn-™n´ t\mhp-Iƒ;\ns∂-°p-dn-®n\nsb¥p-]m-tS≠p

Rm≥!\ns∂-°pSn-sh-®-Xn-s√≥ IpSn-en¬

Rm≥.DΩsh®n-´n-√n-tX-h-sc; °sÆ-dn-˛™n√; ssIam-dn-bn-´n-√ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ;]n≥ \nemth‰p \mw \n¬t°

Ipbn-enWIqIn; ]qt¥≥\p-I¿∂oe h≠p-Iƒ;Nm™oe \osb≥ he¶øn¬; \n≥

ImXn˛em™p ]Xn-®-Xn-s√≥

s\©n-Sn-∏pIƒ;F¥n-\v,\obmw

hnImcsa≥lr¬∏pjv]˛K‘-ambv \n∂-Xn-∂m-cp≠p km£n-

bmbv?

_mey-Im-e-kJnhn-jvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn

72 lb¿ sk°‚dn

F∂m¬, Xpem-t°m-fneqgn-hm-\-ßsfXp≠p-Xp-≠m°panSn-a-g-No-dth,amdn¬a-b-ßp-sa≥ Im¥sb®p≠n-

\m¬,t\cn-b- th¿∏-Wn-°-øm¬, Xgp-IthF¥n\v an∂¬-t]mseßp-\n∂n-∂seh∂p \obp≈n¬ sXfn™q

s\mSn-bn-S?

]`m-jWw

F≥.-hn, ssh-tem-∏-≈n, Bim≥ F∂o

Ihn-I-fpsS hcn-Iƒ hmbn®v Bibw

kwK-ln-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Cu Ihn -Xm -`m -K -ßfnse ]W-b

k¶ev]w hni-I -e\w sNbvXv

"kµ¿i\-'Øn-teXpambn Xmc-Xayw

sNøp-I.

hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

˛ Bflm¿∞-an-√mbva

˛ ÿnc-X-bn-√mbva

˛ emt`—

˛ Ima-]-cX

˛ IqcX

]W-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ CØcw Bi-

¶-Iƒ ]Tn-Xm-°ƒ hcn-I-fn¬\n∂v

Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.

en]vÃn-°ns‚ a[pcw, Dan-\o¿, t]cp

tI´m¬ t]Sn CØcw ]tbm-K-ß-fn-

te°v i≤ -£-Wn-°p-I. Ch ]W-b-

sØ-°p-dn®v AXXp IhnI-fpsS k¶-

ev]-ß-ƒ A√. ]W-b-Øn\p kw`-hn-

°m-hp∂ A]-N-b-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ Ah-

cpsS Bi-¶-I-fmWv.

A`n - ]m -b -߃ kwK -ln®v

""]Wb`mh-Øns‚ `n∂apJ-߃

Ihn-X-bn¬'' F∂ hnj-b-sØ-°p-

dn®p≈ \nco-£W-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂p. Ah ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn Ip´n-Iƒ

]`m-j-W-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°n Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°s´. Ip´n-Iƒ Ah hne-bn-cp-

Ø-s´.

hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃

1. Bi-b-[m-cW

2. Ah-X-c-W-an-Ihv

3. \nco-£-W-ß-fn-se X\na

Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

Hm¿a-bpsS Rc-ºv ]e hnXm-\-Øn-¬

hmb-\m-km-[y-X-bp≈ IY-bm-Wv. c≠p

Xe-ap-d-bnse kvXoIƒ ][m-\-I-Ym-

]m-X-ß-fmbn hcp∂ Cu IY-bn¬ qX-

Im-ehpw h¿Ø-am-\-hpw XΩn-ep≈

A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-W-ap-≠v. AXn-ep-a-∏pdw a‰p

]e ]ta-b-ßfpw sXm´pw XS™pw

IYsb it≤-b-am-°p-∂p. Nne km[y-

X-Iƒ \ap-°mcmbmw.

˛ hm¿[-Iy-Øns‚ H‰-s∏-S¬

˛ Hm¿a/adhn

˛ kmaq-ln-IX/sshb-‡n-IX

˛ kvXo]-iv\-߃

˛ Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bpsS PohnXw

sNdp-IY [mcm-fn-Ø-Øns‚ IY-b-√.

AXpsIm≠p-Xs∂ sNdp-I-Y-bn¬

[mcmfw IYm-]m-X-ßfpw kw -h-ßfpw

]Xo-£n-°m-hp-∂-X-√. c≠v IYm-]m-

X-ßsf tIµo-I-cn®v hnI-kn-°p∂

IY-bmWv Hm¿a-bpsS Rc-ºv. hr≤bpw

So®¿ sSIvÃv 73

\h-h-[p -hmb bph-Xn -bpw. Ch¿

XΩn¬ AI-e-ap-≠v. ]mb-Øn¬ amX-

a√ A`n-cp-Nn-I-fnepw. bph-Xn°v BZy-

sam∂pw hr≤-tbmSv bmsXm-cm-`n-ap-

Jyhpw tXm∂p-∂n-√.

Ah-cpsS sh∏p-]√pw ]g-ºp-cmWw ]d-

®nepw Ah-fn¬ aSp-∏p-≠m-°p-∂p.

]n∂oSv B am\-kn-Im-h-ÿbv°v kw -

hn-°p∂ kzm`m-hn-I-amb hyXn-bm\w

sNdp-kq-N-\-I-fn-eqsS IY-bn¬ shfn-

s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. "sh∏p-]-√p-Iƒ F∂

"IrXn-a-amb sIm®-cn-∏-√p-Iƒ' CjvS-

Øn\v hgn-am-dp-∂Xv i≤n-°p-I. ]Xn-

sb-∏-Xnsb hr≤-bn¬ bphXn Xs∂-

Øs∂ ImWp-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂-Xmhmw

Cu at\m-`m-h-am-‰-Øn-\p≈ Imc-Ww.

kvXobpsS Fgp-X-s∏-SmØ Ncn-X-

amWv ap∂n-en-cn-°p-∂-sX∂ Xncn-®-dn-

hn-te°v bph-Xn- FØn-t®-cp-∂p. hr≤-

bpsS NcnXw Ah-cn-¬ A-h-km-\n-°p-

∂n -s√∂pw X∂n-eqsS XpS -cp -∂p -

sh∂pw Ah-f-dn-bp-∂p.

hr≤-bpsS Hm¿a-Iƒ Nn∂n-®n-Xdn hogp-

∂-h-bm-Wv. Ahbv°v IrXy-Xtbm

Iatam Zo£n-°m≥ ]‰p-∂n-√. Nne

khn-tij PohnX kµ¿`-ß-fn¬

amXta Hm¿a-bpsS shfn®w hogp-

∂p≈q. ]t£ B kµ¿`-Nn-X-߃

ASp-°n-sh-®m¬ Hcp ]q¿W Pohn-X-

hrØw Iev]n-s®-Sp-°m≥ \ap°pIgn-

bpw. kzmX-¥y-k-acIme-Øns‚

]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ _meyw, Ihn-X-sb-

gp-Øns‚ BZy -i-a-߃°v e`n-°p∂

A\p-tam-Z\w, Zmº-Xyw, Akzm-X-¥y-

Øn -s‚bpw Ah-K -W-\ -bp -sSbpw

XpS¿°m-ew, k¿Km-fl-IX-bpsS apc-Sn-

∏v, hm¿[-Iy-Øns‚ GIm-¥-X, Hm¿a-

Iƒ°p-ta¬ ad-hn-bpsS B[n]Xyw

Cßs\sbmcp cq]-tcJ IY-bn¬

\n∂v hc-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

tIc-f-Ønse kmº-Zm-bnI IpSpw-_-

L-S-\-bv°-IØv Hcp kvXo°v hn[n-®n-

´p≈ A\p-`-h-߃ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p

hr≤-bp-tS-Xpw. ""]ip-°sf Bcpt\m-

°pw. A—s‚ Aÿn-Ø-tdev Bcp

Xncn-sIm-fpØpw''˛ Ch-sbms° ]c-º-

cm-KX tNmZy-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]t£,

hr≤-bnse kvXok-Ø Hcp icm-icn

ho´-Ω-bp-tS-X-√. _mey-Øn¬ Xs∂

alm-Ihn h≈-tØm-fns‚ A\p-tam-

Z\w G‰p-hm-ßnb Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-bm-bn-

cp∂p Ah¿. IY-bn¬ Ah-sc-gp-Xn

]q¿Øn-bm-°mØ IY-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

kqN-\-I-fp-≠v. kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Øn¬

Pbn-en¬ t]mhp∂ kvXob-°p-dn-®m-bn-

cp∂p BZy-I-Y. c≠m-a-sX-gp-Xn-Øp-S-

ßn-bXv iocm-a-Pbw (A∂v `¿Ømhv

U¬ln-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-]-Z-hn-bn-en-cn-°-

bm-bn-cp∂psh∂Xv it≤-b-am-Wv). HSp-

hn-se-gp-Xm≥ ]‰msX t]mb IY-bpsS

t]cv "Zp¿a-c-W'-sa-∂m-Wv. kzmX¥y-Xm-

Z¿i-\-Øn¬\n∂v Zp¿a-c-W-Øn-te-

°p≈ hogvN-bmbn hr≤-kz¥w IY

]d™p Xo¿°p-∂p. Fgp-Øp-Im-cn-

bpsS PohnXw IY-bn¬ ]iv\-h-Xv°-

cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CS-hn-´p≈ `qX-Im-em-

\p-`h kqN-\-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv ˛ Hm¿a-

I-fpsS sNdp-No-fp-Iƒ ]e AI-e-ß-

fn¬ hn\y-kn®psIm≠v.

hr≤-bpsS Hm¿a-Iƒ tIhew sshb-

‡n-I-ßf-s√-∂Xv ][m-\-am -Wv.

Xo¿Øpw kzIm-cy-sa∂p tXm∂n-∏n-°p-

∂-h-t]mepw Ncn-X-]-c-amb apg-°-ap-≈-

h-b-sX. h≈-tØm-fn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈

74 lb¿ sk°‚dn

]cm-a¿iw, kzmX¥yka-c-Im-e-]-›m-

Øew Ch-sbms° DZv_p-≤-amb Hcp

Ime-Øns‚ Xpd-p-Isf Hm¿an-∏n-°p-

∂p. Zo¿L-amb PohnX k©m-c-Øn-

s\m-Sp-hn¬ hr≤- h-s∂-Øp-∂sXhn-sS-

bm-Wv? Fs∏m-tg -I-Øn-Øo¿∂ Nµ-

\-Øn-cn-bpsS K‘-ap≈ NqSp-Im‰v

`ms¥-SpØp hoip∂ apdn-bv°-I-Øv.

C°-Y-bn¬ tZiPohn-X-Øns‚ Ncn-X-

]-c-amb hni-I-e\w ]tcm-£-amb

A¥¿[m-c-bmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂p-s≠∂

Imcyhpw kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-X-s∂.

IY-bnse \h-h -[p -hmb bphXn

HcmJym-Xm-hmbn thdn´p \nev°p-I-bm-

sW∂v ]Xy-£-Øn¬ tXm∂mw.

]t£ hr≤-bpsS IY ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-

∂Xv Ah-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. \Zn-bpsS Hmc-

Øn-cp∂v ]hmlw ImWp-∂-bmƒ

]Xnsb Hgp-°n-te-°-en™p t]mhp∂

A\p- -h-am-W-h-fp-tS-Xv. Ah-fpsS A\p-

`-h-ßtfm ]›m-Ø-etam IY-bn¬

Imcy-ambn kqNn-X-am-hp-∂n-√. ]t£

hr≤ ]d-bp-∂Xv Ah-fp-sSbpw IY

Xs∂-bm-Ip-∂p. Ah-fpsS ap∂n¬

as‰m-cp-hƒ tIƒhn-°m-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂m¬

Ahƒ ]d-bp∂ IY thsdm-∂m-hm≥

hgn-bn-√. IYm-¥y-Øn¬ hr≤-bpsS Igp-

Ønse hbe‰p \nd-ap≈ Rcºv ˛

Hm¿a-bpsS Rcºv ˛ X∂n¬ Xs∂

Ahƒ XncbpI-bm-Wv.

XpS¿®-bn-√m-bva-bpsS A\p-`-h-amWv

IY-bpsS Hcp khn-ti-j-X. A\p-`-h-

߃°pw kw`-h-߃°p-an-S-bn-ep≈

hnShv ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂Xv hr≤-bpsS Hm¿a-

I-fpsS CS-¿®bpw adp-N-e-\-ß-fp-am-Wv.

Hm¿a-Iƒ°pta¬ ]WnX inev]-amWv

IYm-\maw Xs∂ kqNn-∏n°pw t]mse

"Hm¿a-bpsS Rcºv:' hr≤-bpsS `mj-

W-sa√mw Bfl-`m-j-W-am-Wv. c≠m-a-

sXmcp IYm-]m-X-Øns‚ km∂n[yw

Ah¿°v Hm¿a-I-fn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-\-

S-Ø-Øn-\p≈ \nanØw amX-am-Wv.

]t£ bph-Xnsb kw_-‘n-®n -S -

tØmfw hr≤ Hcp t_mt[m-Zbw Xs∂-

bm-Wv. Ch¿ XΩn-ep≈ hn\n-a-b-amWv

Cu IY. ]t£ hn\n-a-b-Øn-\p≈

am¿Kw ]c-kv]-c-`m-j-WamsW∂v ]d-

bm≥ hø-Xm-\pw. hr≤-am-X-amWv

kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tIƒhn-°m-cn-bpsS

]Xn-I-cWßfpw tNjvSm-t`-Z-ß-fp-

amWv IYsb ]qcn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 75

]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-߃

]m\¬ N¿®

Ncn-X-Øn¬ kvXobpsS km∂n-[yhpw

]m[m-\yhpw th≠-hn[w tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Ø-s∏-´n-´pt≠m? Ah-sf¥psIm≠m-

Wn∂pw c≠mw \nc-°m-cn-bmbn XpS-

cp-∂Xv? kaq-l-L-S-\-bn¬ KpW-]-c-

amb am‰-߃ ]e-Xp-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.

P\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m[w IpSq-X¬ ]_-e-

am-bn. ]t£, kvXobpsS kmaq-lnI]-

Z-hn-bn¬ ImX-emb am‰-ap-≠mtbm?

hnZym-`ymk, sXmgn¬ta-J-e-I-fn¬

kvXobpsS km∂n[yw h¿≤n-®n- p-s≠-

∂Xpw icn-X-s∂. kq£va-amb ]cn-

tim-[\ Cu kµ¿`-Øn-em-h-iy-ambn

hcp-∂p. Cu Bi-b-ta-J-e-bmWv

]m\¬ N¿®-bpsS hnj-bw.

kvXohn-th-N-\-Øns‚ A[n-I-kq-N-\-

Iƒ ]mT-`m-KØp \n∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ IYm-kq-N-\-I-fn¬ sXfn -bp∂

kvXob-h-ÿ-I-sf-s¥m-s°-bmWv?

$ IY-bn¬ ]Xy -£-s∏-SmØ

kvXoPo-hn-X-Øns‚ s]mXp-]-iv\-

߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-Wv?

C°m-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-I-fn-

eqsS ]h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-°mw.

N¿®-bn¬ kqNn-X-am-hp∂ ][m-\-\n-

K-a-\-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

Cu Bi-b-ta-J-esb°pdn-®p≈ IqSp-

X¬ sXfn-®-Øn-\mbn Hcp ]m\¬

N¿® BImw.

hnjbw : kvXo]-Zhn: C∂se C∂,v

\msf (kvXo Ah-ÿ-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ kam-\-amb a‰p hnj-b-ßfpw

Bhmw).

]m\¬ N¿®

hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb ImgvN-∏mSpw Bi-b-ßfpw D≈ hnZ-Kv[¿ Hcp hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v N¿® sNøp∂]h¿Ø-\-amWv ]m\¬ N¿®. HcptNmZy-Øn\v efn-X-amb Hcp-Øcw amX-a√ C∂p-≈-Xv. GXv tNmZy-Øn-s\bpwhyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ DØcw hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-∂p.k¶o¿W-amb kmaq-lnI hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-dn -®m-Ip-tºmƒ A`n-]m-b-߃hyXykvXw amX -a√. Nne -t∏mƒhncp≤w t]mep-am-Ipw.

]m\¬ N¿®bv°v 3 LS-I-ß-fp-≠v.H∂m-a-Xmbn hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v N¿®sNøp∂ hnZ-Kv[¿. Hmtcm taJ-e-bn¬]mhoWyw t\Snb Bfp-IsfbmWvhnZ-Kv[-cmbn N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-∏n-t°≠Xv. _me-th-esb kw_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp ]m\¬N¿®-bn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS t£a-Øn-\mbn ]h¿Øn-°p∂Hcp kmaq-lnI ]h¿Ø-I≥, A[ym-]-I≥, cmjvSob ]h¿Ø--I¿, inip-a-\-xim-kvX-⁄¿ apX-em-b-h¿ hnZ-Kv[-cm-sb-Ømw. as‰mcp ][m-\-s∏´LSIw tamU-td-‰-dm-Wv. tamU-td-‰dpwhnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v ]Tn® Bfm-I-Ww.bp‡-amb tNmZy-߃sIm≠v N¿®\bn-°m-\pw, Nne Imcy-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\pw, Bi-b-k-a-\z-b-Øn-se-Øn-°m\pw tamU-td-‰¿°p Ign-b-Ww.aq∂m-a-sØ-L-SIw N¿®-bnse ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Wv. Ah¿°pw N¿®-bn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-fp-≠v. P\m-[n-]Xy acym-Z-Iƒ]men -®p -sIm≠p Xs∂ hnZ-Kv[¿\evIp∂ DØ-c-ß-tfmSv hntbm-Pn-°m\pw tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°m\pwAh¿°v Ah-k-c-ap-≠v.

76 lb¿ sk°‚dn

]m\-ense hnZ-Kv[sc hnj-b-Øn¬t\Snbn´p≈ [mc-W, ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fnse IrXy-X, Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-tijnXpS-ßnb kqN-I-ß-fm¬ hne-bn-cp-Ømw. tamU-td-‰¿ IrXyhpw Ipdn-°p-sIm-≈p-∂-Xp-amb tNmZy-߃ sImSp-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnhn[ hnZ-Kv[¿°v tNmZy-߃ hn`-Pn®v \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ß-sfbpw\n¿tZ-i-ß-sfbpw am\n-°p-∂-Xn\pwIgn-hp≈ Bfm-I-Ww. ]¶m-fn-Iƒ°vBibw icn -bmbn Dƒs°m-≠p -sIm≠pw N¿®-I-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-\p≈Ign-hv, Dt±-in-°p∂ Imcyw icn-bmbnhn\n-abw sNøm-\p≈ Ign-hv, (P\m-[n-]Xy acymZIƒ ]men-®p-sIm-≠v) F∂n-hbpw D≠m-I-Ww.

N¿® sNtø-≠p∂ Bi-b-߃

Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

$ Nne taJ-e-I-fn¬ kvXoap-t∂‰w

km[y-am-bn- p-s≠-¶nepw Cu apt∂-

‰ -Øns‚ B\p -Iqeyw F√m

kvXoIƒ°pw e`n-®n-´pt≠m?

-$ IpSpw-_-Øn-\-IØv kvXo Fß-s\-

bmWv ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂Xv?

XpSßn ]m\-ense hnZ-Kv[-tcmSv tamU-

td-‰¿ D∂-bn-t°≠ ][m\ tNmZy-

߃ Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ Is≠-Ø-s´.

Xmsg sImSpØ taJ-e-Iƒ hcm≥

A[ym-]nI i≤n-°-Ww:

$ kvXo c≠mw \ncbnte°v X≈-

s∏-Sm≥ CS-bmb Imc-W-߃

$ kvXo ]Z-hnsb kw_-‘n-°p∂

]c-º-cm-KX ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

$ kmaq -lnI apt∂-‰ -ß-fn¬

kvXobpsS ]¶m-fnØw

$ IpSpw-_-®p-a-X-e-Iƒ \n›-bn-°p-∂-

Xn-ep≈ hnth-N\w

$ kvXoIƒ Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂

taJ-e-Iƒ

$ kvXoIƒ NqjWw sNø-s∏-Sp∂

taJ-e-Iƒ

$ kvXo apt∂-‰-Øns‚ ]I-S-amb

sXfn-hp-Iƒ

Xmc-Xayw

IY-bpsS XpS-°-Øn¬ s]¨Ip-´n-°p-

≠m-bn-cp∂ "Ak-ln-jvWpX' IYm-¥y-

Øn¬ "BImw-£-'bmbn cq]-s∏-Sp-

∂Xn\p≈ Imc-W-߃ At\z-jn-°p-

tºmƒ IY-bpsS tIµ-]-ta-b-amWv

N¿®-bm-tI-≠-Xv.

$ hr≤, s]¨Ip´n F∂nh¿ XΩn¬

GsX-¶nepw Xc-Øn-ep≈ kam-\X

Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bptam? s]¨Ip-

´n°v hr≤-tbmSv XpS-°-Øn¬

tXm∂p∂ Ak-ln-jvWpX kmh-

[m\w ASp-∏-ambn amdp-∂-Xn\v Imc-

W-sa-¥mhmw? Xs‚ Xs∂ A]-c-

kz -Xz -ambn hr≤sb ImWm≥

s]¨Ip -´n°v Ig n -™pthm?

GsX√mw kµ¿` -ß-fn -emWv

s]¨Ip- n°v hr≤-tbmSv A\njvSw

tXm∂p-∂Xv? CØcw tNmZy-߃

D∂-bn-®p-sIm≠v ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-

te°p ]th-in-°mw.

Ak-ln-jvWpXbv°p≈ Imc-W-߃:

$ Ah-cpsS cq]w

So®¿ sSIvÃv 77

$ Ah¿ ]g-ºp-cm -W-߃]d™p

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

$ Ah-cn¬ ]km-Z-h-Ømbn H∂pan√

BImw-£-sb¥p sIm≠mhmw?

$ Cu kvXo Xm\-S-ßp∂ kvXoh¿§-

Øns‚ ]Xn-\n[n Xs∂-bm-Wv.

--˛ Ch-¿ Hcp Ncn-X-amWv

˛ Ch-cpsS XpS¿®-bmWv Xm\pw

˛ Ah-cpsS hen-∏hpw sshin-

jvSyhpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

hr≤ A\p-`-hn-®n-cp∂ Akzm-X-¥yw,

Ah-K-W-\, A]-am\w XpS-ßn-bh

]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-bmb

s]¨Ip´n A\p-` -hn -°p-∂pt≠m?

AXm-bn-cn-°ptam s]¨Ip-´n°v hr≤-

tbmSv kl-`mhw tXm∂m≥ ImcWw?

Aßs\sb¶n¬, Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬

s]¨Ip-´n°v t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂n-´p≈

AØcw A\p- -h-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Cu IY-

bn-ep≈ kqN-\-Iƒ Is≠-Ømtam?

$ ""cmhnse koa-¥-tc-J-bn -en´

knµqcw hnb¿∏n¬ IpXn¿∂v hnc-

en -sem -´n . Hcp Xp≈n c‡w

t]mse AXp hnc¬Øp-ºn¬ Hcp

\nanjw Xßn. ]ns∂ sas√

Xmtg°p hoWp acn®p.''

$ ""A¿ln-°p∂ BZcw In´mØ

bP-am\s‚ Cu¿jy-tbmsS

Abmƒ tNmZn®p.''

ta¬s°m-SpØ hmN-I-߃ s]¨Ip´n-

bpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ GXp-Xcw A\p-

`-h-amWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv? Ip´n-Iƒ

DØcw Is≠-Ø-s´.

""Ip´n Fgp-Xptam?'' F∂v hr≤ tNmZn-

®-t∏mƒ s]¨Ip´n H∂pw an≠p-∂n√.

Ah-fpsS D≈nepw Hcp FgpØpImcn

D≠m-bn-cn-°mw.

sI.k-c-kzXn AΩ, efn-Xmw-_nI

A¥¿÷-\w, cmP-e-£van, am[-hn-°p-

´n, kmdm-tPm-k^v XpS-ßnb Fgp-Øp-

Im-cn-Ifn¬ Nne-sc-¶nepw A\p-`-hn®

hnß-ep-Ifpw Ah-cpsS IY-I-fn¬

Bhn-jvIr-X-am-Ip∂ kzmX-¥y-t_m-

[hpw ¢mkn¬ N¿®-bm-°p-∂Xv \√-

Xm-Wv.

Ch-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kam\

A\p-`-h-߃ ]¶p-h-bv°p∂ hr≤-bp-

sSbpw s]¨Ip- n-bp-sSbpw -Po-hn-X-sØ-

Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°mw.

HuNnXyw Is≠Ømw

Hcp hr≤-bpsS Hm¿Ω-Isf tIµo-I-cn-

®mWv Cu IY hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Hm¿Ω-

I-fmWv Ahsc Pohn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ah-

bn-√m-Xm-hp-tºmƒ Ah-cp-an-√m-Xm-hpw.

Cu Hm¿Ω-Iƒ tIhew sshb-‡n-I-

a-√. Hcp tZi-Øns‚, Hcp kaq-l-

Øns‚, Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kvXo

h¿§-Øns‚ Hs° Ncn-X-amWv Ah-

cpsS Hm¿Ω-I-fpsS ImX¬. AXp

sIm≠p-Xs∂ Cu io¿j-I-Øn¬ ]d-

bp∂ Rcºv IY-bpsS a¿Ω kqN-I-

am-hp-∂p. io¿j-IsØ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ

IY-bpsS ]e- hn-Xm-\-ß-fn-te-°p≈

k©mcw Ffp-∏-am-hp-∂p. IY-bpsS

CØ-c-Øn-epff kq£va hni-I-e-\-ß-

fn-te°v Ip´n-Isf \bn-°m≥ Cu

]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS km[n-°-Ww.

$ Rc-ºns\°pdn -®p≈ kqN\

\mamZyw ImWp-∂Xv IY-bpsS XpS-

°-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]n∂oSv

78 lb¿ sk°‚dn

GsXms° IYm-k-µ¿ -ß-fn-emWv

CXv XpS¿∂p-h-cp-∂Xv?

$ F¥p-sIm -≠m-bn -cn°mw Rc-

ºns\°pdn -®p≈ ]cm -a¿iw

Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?

$ ]Xy-£-Øn¬ Hm¿Ωbv°v Rc-ºp-

I-sfm-∂p-an-√. ]t£ ]e kµ¿`-

ß-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-®v ]Xy-£-s∏-

Sp∂XpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ IY-bn¬

Rc-ºn\v khn -ti -j-amb

]m[m\yw ssIh-cp-∂p.

$ ad -hn -s°-Xn -cmb Hm¿Ω-bpsS

Iem]w A[n-Im-c-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb

Iem]w Xs∂-bmW-t√m. Cu

Bi-b-hp-ambn hr≤-bpsS Hm¿Ω-

Isf Fßs\ _‘n-∏n -°m≥

]‰pw?

$ h¿Ø-am\Ime-Po-hnXw kw`-h-c-

ln-Xhpw hnc-k-hp-am-Wv.

$ Ah¿ Pohn-°p-∂Xv

Hm¿Ω-Ifn-em-Wv.

$ B Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rc-º-‰m¬

Ah-cn-√.

$ Rcºv Hcp ]Xo-I-ambn amdp∂p.

$ Rc-ºns‚ kv]µ-\-amWv Hm¿Ω

io¿j-I-Øns‚ HuNn-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®v

Ipdn∏p Xøm-dm-°p-I.

hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃

$ \nco-£-W-Ønse X\na

$ HuNnXyw

$ Ah-X-c-W-Ønse anIhv

N¿® sNømw

$ kzmX¥yw F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn\v

Cu IY-bn¬ hyXy-kvX-amb am\-

ß-fp-≠v.

$ tZi-Øns‚ kzmX¥yw

$ kvXobpsS kzmX¥yw

$ Bhn-jvImc kzmX¥yw

Cu Bi-b-߃ IY-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-

cn-°-s∏-Sp∂sXß-s\-sb-∂-Xn-s\-°p-

dn®v N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.

"sPm\m -Y≥ F∂ IS¬Im°'

kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-b-sØbpw

Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p-≠t√m? Cu ]th-iI

]h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-bn¬

\n∂v kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-b-Øn-

te°v FØn-t®-cmw.

˛ kzmX¥yw F∂Xv GsXms°

Xe-ß-fn¬ ]k-‡-amWv?

Ip´n-Iƒ ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-

Ø-s´.

$ cmjvSo-b-amb kzmX¥yw

$ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb kzmX¥yw

$ kvXo kzmX¥yw

$ Bhn-jvImc kzmX¥yw

$ hy‡n-bpsS kzmX¥yw

$

Ch-bn¬ GsXms° Xe-Øn-ep≈

kzmX-¥y-߃ Cu IY-bn¬ ]ta-b-

ambn hcp-∂p-≠v?

Ip´n-Iƒ IY kq£va-ambn hmbn-°-s´.

IYm-hm-b-\-bv°p-tijw s]mXp-N¿®-

bm-hmw.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 79

Ah-cpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°-s´.

]mT-]p -kvX-I-Ønse \mem-asØ

]h¿Ø\w CXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn \S-

Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ "Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv' F∂ IY-

bn¬ kzmX¥ykac Ncn-X-hp-

ambn _‘-s∏´v IS-∂p-h-cp∂

]cm-a¿i-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-

sW∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.

Xmsg \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ kqN-\-Iƒ

D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

$ BZysØ IY Fgp-Xp∂ ImeØv

`¿Ømhv Pbn-en-em-bn-cp-∂p.

$ h≈-tØm-ƒ h∂ Hcp ktΩ-f-\-

ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kzmX¥yw In´p-

∂-Xn\p apºv.

$ BZy-I-Y-bpsS ]ta-bw.

kvXokzm-X-¥y-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´

kqN-\-I-sfbpw CtX-t]mse Is≠-

Øm≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. DZm:

$ ""s]Æm-bm¬ tNmdpw Idow

sh°-Ww, s]dWw''

$ ""Chn-Sp-sØ-bm-fpsS CjvSwt]m-

em-h-s´. F¥n-\m -sh-dpsX Hcp

Ie-i¬?''

Bhn-jvImc kzmX-¥y-\n-tj-[sØ

]cm-a¿in-°p∂ Fs¥ms° kqN-\-

Iƒ IY-bn¬\n∂v hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw.

$ AΩ ImWmsX IY Fgp-tX-

≠n-h∂ Ahÿ

$ I≈-t∏-cn¬ IY Fgp-Xnb

A\p-`hw

kzmX¥yw P\m-[n-]-Xy-t_m-[-hp-ambn

Cg-tN¿∂p \n¬°p∂ Hcp aqey-am-Wv.

tZi-Øns‚ kzmX¥yw, IpSpw-_-Øn-

\-IsØ kvXo]-Z-hn, kvXoI-fpsS

kzX-¥m-hn-jvIm-c-Øn-t\m-Sp≈ ]pcp-

j-∑m-cpsS kao-]\w XpS-ßnbh N¿®m-

hn-t[-b-am-°mw. IY-bpsS Imen-I-amb

]k-‡n-sb-°p-dn®v N¿® kwL-Sn-∏n-

°pI-bpam-hmw.

hr≤-bv°p-≈-Xp-t]mse, ]d-bm-s\mcp

NcnXw ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS ]Xn-\n[n

F∂ \ne-bn¬ IY-bnse s]¨Ip´n-

°p-apt≠m F∂ tNmZyw ¢mkn¬

N¿®-bv°mbn D∂-bn-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v

hr≤ Hm¿sØ-Sp-°p∂ ]k-‡-amb

PohnX kµ¿`-߃ IY-bn¬ \n∂v

Is≠-Øp-I.

$ h≈-tØm-fns\ BZy-ambn

I≠Xv

$ hnhmlkµ¿`w

$

IY-bnse s]¨Ip´n°pw Hm¿sØ-

SpØv ]d-bm≥ CXp-t]m-ep≈ Pohn-Xm-

\p-`-h-ß-fmtWm D≠m-hpI?

Ip´n-Iƒ kzX-¥-ambn A`n-]mbw ]d-

b-s´. A\p- -h-߃ hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-sa-

¶nepw ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbv°pw Hm¿sØ-Sp-

°m\pw ]d-bm\pw Hcp Ncn-X-ap-≠m-

Ip-sa∂ Bi-b-Øn¬ N¿® tImUo-

I-cn -°-s∏-S-Ww. ]g-b-X-e--ap -dbv°v

amXta Ncn-Xm-\p-`-h-߃ ]d-bm-

\p≈q F∂ Aan-X-amb `qX-Im-e-c-Xn-

bn-te°v ¢mkv amdm-Xn-cn-°m≥ i≤n-

°-Ww. Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbv°pw P\-hn-`m-

K-Øn\pw Ah-cptSXmb Ncn-X-ap-

s≠∂ ]pXpt_m-[-Øn-te°v ¢mv

hf-c-Ww.

80 lb¿ sk°‚dn

thcp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

CeI-fmbv C\n \Ωƒ P\n-°p-sa-¶n¬

Htc hr£-Øn¬ ]nd-°Ww

F∂v F.A-ø-∏≥ (Bene) kz]v\w

ImWp-∂p-≠v. Ce-b-S-cp-Iƒ aÆn¬

ebn®p tN¿∂v ]p\¿÷-\n-°p∂

ImgvN F≥.-F.-\-ko-dns‚ thcp-Iƒ

\jvS-s∏-Sp -Øp-∂-h-cn -ep -≠v. CXv

ssPhn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb Hcp

]p\¿÷-\n-bpsS hnh-cWw IqSn-bm-Wv.

]IrXn Xcp∂ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

kcf ]mT-߃ A\p-`-h-]-›m-Ø-e-

Øn-emWv \ko¿ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂-

Xv. aÆpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-

cp∂ AKm-[-amb ]mc-kv]-cy-Øns‚

kPo-h-Nn -”-am-bmWv hr£-ßsf

\ko¿ ImWp-∂-Xv. thcp-I-fm-Is´

ChnsS kky-im-kvX-Ønse thcp-I-

fp-a-√. ImSpw \mSpw Np‰n-h-cp∂ ]pg-

bpsS IY-Iƒ hr£-߃°p ]I¿∂p

\¬Ip∂hfm-Wv. s]cp-a-g-bnepw ae-sh-

≈-∏m-®n-enepw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-hmsX

aÆns\ amtdm-S-W®v ImØp-t]m-cp∂

]W-bn-\n-bm-Wv.

\mw thcp-Iƒ sImØn-b-I-‰p-tºmƒ

HSp-hn-semcp \nanjw Xt∂m-sSm∏w

hf¿∂p-h∂ Iq´p-Imsc Ah-km-\-am-

sbm-∂p-t\m-°p∂ hr£-Øns‚ \ne-

hnfn teJ-I≥ tIƒ°p-∂p-≠v. Ombm-

K-l-W-Øn\p hg-ßmØ ImSns‚

AØcw ssPhnI ]`m-h-߃ \ko¿

Fgp-Øn¬ Bhm-ln-°p-∂p-≠v.

ImSns\°pdn-®p≈ A°m-Z-an-I-amb

Hcp ]T-\-a√ "thcp-Iƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-h¿" F∂ Cu teJ-\w. A\p-`-h-

ß-fmWv ChnsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ. sXm´pw

I≠pw tI´pw aWØpw Adn™Xns‚

s]mcpƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ ia-amWv

teJ-I≥ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Bib KŸ-

ß-f-√, Nº\pw Ipam-c\pw Acp-Wm-N-

e-hp-amWv \ko-dn\v hgn-Im-´p-∂-Xv.

Im´n -te-°p≈ bmX-bn¬ F¥p-

sIm≠v thcp-Iƒ ][m-\-]-ta-b-am-

Ip∂p?

ImSv hen-sbmcp ]mT-im-e-bm-Wv. a\p-

jy-s\-°p-dn®v, Ncn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®v,

Pohn-X-Øns‚ A\p-kyq-Xn-sb-°p-

dns®ms°-bp≈ henb Z¿i-\-߃

ImSv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. thcp-Iƒ°v

teJ-\ -Øn¬ e`n -°p∂ A¿∞-

hym]vXn- h-ep-Xm-Wv. thcp-I-tfmfw

Xmgv∂m¬ amXta BIm-i-tØm-f-sa-

Øm≥ Ignbq F∂p teJ-I≥ kqNn-

∏n-°p-tºmƒ ImSp-X-cp∂ ]mT-ß-fpsS

am\-ho-b-am-\-߃ \ΩpsS i≤-bn¬

hcpw. thcp-Iƒ ChnsS Ncn-X-Øns‚

kaq-l-kvar-Xn-I-fpsSsbms° kqN-I-

ß-fmbn amdp-∂p.

\mw ]cn-N-bn-®p-t]m∂ a\p-jy-tI-µn-

X-amb ]]-©-t_m-[-a√ \ko¿ apt∂m-

´p-hbv-°p-∂Xv. AS-cp∂ Ce-I-tfm-fhpw

hogp-∂-a-c--tØm-fhpw amXta AhnsS

a\p-jy\pw ÿm\-ap-≈q.

]Ir-Xnsb a\p-jy-\p-th≠n \ne-

\n¿tØ-≠-XmWv Fs∂m-cp-hm-Z-hp-ap-

≠v. F∂m¬ \kodns‚ teJ-\-Øn¬

sXfn-bp-∂Xv a\p-jy-tI-µnX-amb

CØ-c-samcp ImgvN-∏m-S-√. AhnsS ac-

ßfpw Ah-bpsS thcp-Ifpw Ce-I-fp-

sa√mw ][m-\-am-hp-∂p. Imev]-\n-I-amb

Hcp ]Ir-Xym-cm-[-\-b-√n-Xv. ]Ir-Xn-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 81

bpsS t\c-dn-hn¬\n∂v k©-bn® ]mT-

ß-fm-Wv.

a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn CWßn

Pohn® Hcp Ime-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. (sNº-

\pw, Ipam-c-\psa√mw C∂v AXns‚

tijn-∏p-I-fm-Wv) Ncn-X-Øns‚ GtXm

L -Øn¬ ]Ir-Xnsb Iog-S-°pI F∂

lnwkm-fl-I-amb t_m[w ]mapJyw

t\Sn. \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS hnIm-k-am-bn-

cp∂p AXv. a\p-jy\pw ]Ir-Xn-bp-am-

bp≈ _‘-Øn¬ hn≈-ep-≠m-bn.

F¶nepw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb B ]mNo-

\-amb Im´p-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω

\ΩpsS tNmZ-\-I-fn¬ GsXm-s°tbm

cq]-Øn¬ IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂p-≠v. AXp

sIm≠mWv \Ωƒ Imhp-Iƒ krjvSn-

®-Xv. Im´n-te°p t]mIm≥ BK-ln-°p-

∂-Xv, ]qt¥m-´-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂-Xv.

AXp-sIm≠v thcp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

At\z-jWw C∂p \ap°p \jvS-amb

]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈

]mc-kv]-cy-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ At\z-j-W-

ambn amdp-∂p.

]mT`mKtØ°v

teJ\w Ip´n-I-sf-s°m≠v -hm-bn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xn\v ]kn-≤-amb ]g-sbmcp IY D]-

tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Kpcp-Ip-e-]-T-\-Øn-\p-tijw ]ncn™p

t]mIp∂ injy-cn-sem-cmƒ BtX-b-

a-l¿jn-tbmSv h√Xpw Kpcp-Z-£n-W-

bmbn kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂t]£n-°p-

∂p. BZyw hnk-Ω-Xn® ap\n -in-jys‚

\n¿_-‘-Øn-\p-h-gßn Z£nW kzoI-

cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-hp-∂p. Kpcp Bh-iy-

s∏-´-Xn-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]tXy-In-s®m-cp]-

tbm-Khp-an -√mØ \nm-c-am-sbmcp

sNSn. injy≥ bmX-]-d-™n-d-ßn.

shdp-samcp ]mgvs®Sn! FX \nm-c-

amb Z£n-W!

Hmtcm sNSn-°-cn-In-se-Øp-tºm-gpw

AXn\v Fs¥-¶nepw D]-tbmK-ap -

s≠∂v injy-\-dn-™p. A]-cn-Nn-X-amb

Hmtcm sNSn-sb-°p-dn®pw a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv

tNmZn -® -dn -™p. hfsc°mesØ

At\z-j-W-߃°pw Ae-®n-en\pw

tijw ZpxJnX-\mbn injy≥ Kpcp

k∂n-[n-bn-se-Øn. D]-tbm-K-an-√mØ

Hcp ]p¬s®-Sn-t]mepw Is≠-Øm≥

X\n°p Ign-™n- n-s√∂v thZ-\-tbmsS

Adn-bn-®p. Kpcp -hm-’-ey-tØmsS

injys\ Benw-K\w sNbvXp-sIm≠p

]d-™p. ]]-©-Øn¬ ]c-kv]-cm-t]-

£n-X-a-√mØ H∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂n√.

82 lb¿ sk°‚dn

\o t\Snb Cu Xncn-®-dn-hp-X-s∂-bmWv

F\n-°p≈ Z£nW.

Cu IY apt∂m-´p hbv-°p∂ Bi-b-

sa¥v? N¿®-sN-øp-I. kam-\-amb Bi-

b-߃ Xs∂-bmtWm thcp-Iƒ \jvS-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿ F∂ teJ-\-Øn¬

]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv?

Ip´n-Iƒ thcp-Iƒ F∂ ]mT-`mKw

kqIvjva-ambn hmbn-°-s´.

tIµm-ibw Is≠Ømw

]mT-`m-K-Ønse tIµmi-b-߃ Ip´n-

I-fn-se-Øn-°m≥ Nne tNmZy-ß-fn-

eqsS IS∂p t]mIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

teJ-\-Øn¬ Nne a\p-jysc \ko¿

]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠-t√m. Ah¿°v

]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w Fßs\-bp-

≈-XmWv?

$ ]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn Ah¿

Xßsf ImWp-∂p.

$ ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv FXn-cn- √, CW-ßn-

bm-W-h-cpsS Pohn-Xw.

$ Ah-cpsS Pohn -Xm -h -iy -ß-

fpsSsbms° ]cn-lmcw ]Ir-Xn-

bn¬ Xs∂-bm-sW∂-h¿ a\-n-

em-°p∂p.

\ΩpsS ImgvN-∏mSv AXn¬\n∂pw n∂-

amtWm?

$ ]Ir-Xn- a-\p-jy-\p-th≠n

$ ]IrXn Iog-S-°m-\p≈XmWv

$ ]Ir-Xnsb A\y-ambn ImWp∂p

N¿®-I-fn-eqsS ]mT-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬

\¬Inb Bi-b-ß-fn-te°v FØn-t®-

cm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

tImUo-I-cWw

sNº-\pw- Ip-am-c\pw henb thcp-

Iƒ°nS-bn¬ hncn® Ce-°n-S-°-bn¬

InS-∂p-d-ßp-tºmƒ CXv hoS-s√∂

tXm∂-e-h¿°n-√. Acp-Wm-N-e-am-Is´

F¥n-\p-ta-Xn\pw Huj[w thcp-I-fn-

ep-s≠∂v Icp-Xp-∂-bm-fm-Wv. Abmsf

kw_-‘n®v thcp-Iƒ Pohn-XsØ

Xncn-®p-]n-Sn -°m-\p≈XpIqSn-bm-Wv.

]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ ]mc-kv]cyw ]mT-

]p-kvX-I-ß-fn¬\n∂-√ Ah¿ ]Tn-®Xv.

]Ir-Xn -tbm-Sn -Wßn Pohn® Hcp

hnZqc qX-Im-e-Øns‚ Hm¿Ω \Ωn-se-

√m-ap-≠v. AØ-c-samcp PohnXw \bn-

°p-∂-h-cm-Wn-h¿. ImSn-t\m-Sp≈ \mK-

cn-Is‚ CjvS-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ \jvS-s∏-

´p-t]mb B Ime-tØm-Sp≈ aa-X-Iq-Sn-

bp-≠v. ]Ir-Xn-bpsS Cu h\y-X-bn-

te°v, \njv°-f-¶-X-bn-te-°p≈ bmX-

Iƒ \ΩpsS thcp-Iƒ tXSn-bp≈

Xo¿∞bmX-I-fmbn amd-Ww. AtX

kabw B bmX-Iƒ ]Ir-Xn-bv°v ]cn-

t°-ev∏n-°m-sX-bp-amhWw.

Ip´n-Iƒ°v ImSv Fs¥∂v icn-bm-bn-

[m-cW e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ImSp-I-sf-

°p-dn-®p≈ tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-Iƒ,

t^mt´m-Km- p-Iƒ F∂nh ]Z¿in-∏n-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. (DZm: Planet Earth

kocn-knse Forest, \ko-dns‚ ImSn-s\-

°p-dn-®p≈ t^mt´m-Km- p-Iƒ apX-em-

b-h.) XpS¿∂v a\p-jy\pw ImSpw XΩn-

ep≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ eLq-]-\ym-

k-߃ cNn°-s´.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 83

N¿® sNøpI

BtX-b-ap\n injy\v ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-

SpØ ]mTw \mw I≠p. ]]-©-Øn¬

H∂pw Xs∂ \ncp]-tbmKambn \ne-

\n¬°p-∂n-√. F√mw ]Ir-Xn-bpsS

IÆn-I-fm-Wv. AS¿∂p hogp∂ Hcn-e-

t]mepw shdp-sX-bm-hp-∂n-√. AXv

]p\¿P-\n-bn-eqsS ho≠pw Ce-I-fmbn

amdm -\p -≈-Xm -Wv. Pohn -XØ-ns‚

Cusbmcp ss\c-¥cyw Ce-I-fpsS

Nob-enepw hf-am-I-enepw thcp-I-fn-

eqsS IS∂v ho≠pw Xfn-cp-I-fm-Ip-∂-

Xnepw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠-t√m.

\msa-t∏mgpw BIm-i-tØm-f-ap-b-cm≥

sImXn-°m-dp-≠v. thcp-Iƒ FX-ta¬

Bg-Ønepw ]c-∏nepw t]mIp-∂pthm

AXn-\-\p-k-cn-®p-am-Xta ac-߃°v

BIm-i-tØ-°p-b-cm≥ ]‰q. ]Ir-Xn-

bnse \nKp-V-]m-T-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

Xncn-®-dn-hn-eqsS amXta hnim-e-amb

temI-ß-fn-te°v \ap°v a\-p-sIm-≠p-

h-cm≥ ]‰q.

Nne tNmZy-ß-fm-Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Ce-I-fpsS AS-cp-I-sf-°p-dn®v teJ-\-

Øn-ep≈ kqN-\-I-sf-s¥√mamWv?

$ AgpIn Ipg-ºp-cq-]-Øn-emb acn®

Ce-Iƒ

$ AXn-\p-ap-I-fn¬ ]g-Inb Ce-I-fp-

sSbpw s]mSn™ Ce-I-fp-sSbpw

ASp°v.

$ ho≠pw apI-fn¬ s]mSn™p Zhn-

®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ce-Iƒ.

$ G‰hpw apI-fn¬ s]mgn-™p-hoWp

sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Ce-Iƒ.

Cu hnh-c-W-Ønse kq£va-X-sb-

¥mWv?

$ hyXy-kvX-amb AS-cp-Iƒ

$ Ah-bv°p- h∂ptN¿∂ cq]-am‰w

$ Ime-sØ-°p -dn -®p≈ kq£va -

t_m[w

s]mgn™p hogp∂ Ce Xmtg°v

Xmtg°v \oßn thcp-I-fn-eqsS IS∂v

ho≠pw Ce-I-fmbn amdp∂ PohnX

NIsØ°pdn-®p≈ Nn¥ Cu hnh-

cWw \ap°p \¬Ip-∂p.

$ BIm-i-tØm-f-ap -b-c-W-sa-¶n¬

_en-jvT-amb thcp-Iƒ thWw

F ∂ ] d - b p - ∂ - X n s e

HuNnXysa¥v?

$ thcv ASn-Ø-d-bmWv

$ ASn-Ø-d-bpsS i‡n-bmWv apI-fn-

te-°p≈ hf¿®

$ F√mw hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂Xv thcp-I-fn-

eq-sS-bmWv

BIm-isØ sXmSm-\m-bp∂ hr£-

Øns‚ Ic-߃ amXta \mw ImWp-

∂p-≈q. AXn-\-Sn-ÿm-\-amb _en-jvT-

amb thcp-Isf \mw ImWp-∂-tX-bn√.

AXns‚ ]m[m\yw a\-n-em-°p-∂n-

√. \mK-cn-I≥ Adp-Øp-am-‰n-bXv Cu

thcp-I-fm-Wv. ]Ir-Xn-tb¬∏n-°p∂

]e BLm-X-߃°pw Imc-W-am-Ip-

∂Xv Cu thc-dp-°-em-sW∂v \mw a\-

n-em-°p-∂n-√.

thcp -Iƒ \jvS -s∏ -Sp -∂-Xn -eqsS

PohnXØns‚ NmIn-I-amb k©m-c-

amWv A‰p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv.

84 lb¿ sk°‚dn

acw shdpw AtN-X-\-h-kvXp-hm-b√

Cu teJ\Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xv. sXfn-hp-Iƒ Is≠-Ømtam?

$ sh´n-ho-gvØp∂ ac-Øns‚ Zb-\o-

b-amb t\m´hpw hogvN-bpw.

$ thcp-Iƒ ]W-b-]q¿∆w ]md-Isf

Benw-K\w sNøp-∂-Xv.

$ Ce-Iƒ ]p\¿P∑w ]m]n-°p-∂-Xv.

$ X¬ÿm\Øv a\p-jysc H∂p

k¶ev]n®p t\m°q.

ac-WsØ AXn-Po-hn-°p∂ Pohn-X-

NIw Fßn-s\-bmWv Ce-I-fn-eqsS

hy‡-am-hp-∂Xv?

$ sImgn-™p-ho-gp∂ Ce-Iƒ.

$ ]e AScpI-fmbn ]Xnsb aÆn-te-

°-en™p tNcp∂ Ce-Iƒ.

$ thcp-IfneqsS ]p\¿P\n t\Sp∂

Ce-Iƒ...

CXv a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ NnXw

Xs∂-bt√. \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv?

Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

]]©Øns‚ Cu kzm`m-hn-I-Xmfw

BcmWv \in-∏n-°p-∂Xv? ]£n-ar-Km-

Zn-I-fmtWm?

A`n]mb߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv:

hr£-߃ thcp -I -fn -eq -sS -bmWv

sh≈hpw hfhpw hen-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xv.

a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n®v Hm¿a-Iƒ

Ahs‚ thcp-I-fm-Wv. Ncn-X-Øns‚,

Hm¿Ω-I-fpsS _en-jvT-amb thcp-Iƒ

\jvS-s∏-´m¬ \Ωƒ shdpw s]mßp-

X-Sn-I-fmbn amdpw. B thcp-I-fnte°v

Xmgv∂m¬ amXta Db-c-ß-sf-Im-Wm≥

]‰q. `qX-Im-e-Øn¬, Ncn-X-Øn¬

Imep-d®p \n∂m¬ amXta `mhn-bpsS

BIm-i-ß-fn-te°v \ap°v apt∂-dm-\m-

hq. CXv ]IrXn \tΩmSv hr£-ß-fn-

eqsS ]d-bp∂ ]mT-am-Wv.

Bibw Is≠-ØpI

"" ImtS \n∂-I-f¶

lrZ-b-Øn-te-°p≈

KqVamw hgn-tb-sX

s∂\n°p Im´n-Ø-cq.''

(arKb ˛ H.F≥.-hn. Ipdp-∏v)

-˛ Cu hcn -I-fpsS kmam-\y -amb

A¿∞-Xew Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

˛ ImSns‚ lrZbw F∂ ]tbmKw

sIm≠p e`n-°p∂ A¿∞-ß-sf-

s¥ms°?

$ ImSv ktN-X\amWv

$ ImSn\v t\mhp-Ifpw BÀm-Z-ß-fp-

ap≠v

$ \ΩpsS s]cp-am‰w Ah-bn¬ ]Xn-

I-c-W-ß-fp-≠m°pw

$ ImSn-\Iw AX AIf-¶-amtWm?

AhnsS h\y-X-I-fnt√? Iqc-X-I-

fnt√?

$ ImSv Hcp PohnX ÿe-amWv

$ Pohn -X-Øns‚ \ne-\n¬∏n-\p -

th≠nbp≈ kzm`m-hnI Ne-\-ß-

fmWv AhnsS kw`-hn-°p-∂-sXm-

s°-bpw.

$ Hcp P¥p as‰m∂ns\ sIm√p-I-

b√ Cc tXSp-I-bmWp sNøp-∂Xv

˛ ImtS F∂ kwt_m-[-\-bn¬ apg-

ßp∂ Ihn-bpsS at\m-`m-h-sa¥v?

Ip´n-Iƒ A`n-]mbw ]d-b-s´.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 85

hnfn-tIƒ°m-hp∂ H∂mWv ImSv F∂

t_m[w Xt∂-°mƒ tijvTamWv.

AI-f-¶-amWv ImSv. Xs‚ If¶w ap‰nb

\mK-cn-I-amb a\-n\v ImSns‚ lrZ-

b-Øn-te-°p≈ hgn-b-dn-bn-√.

˛ Xm≥ If-¶nX\msW∂ [z\n Ihn-

X-bn-ep-≠-t√m. Fs¥m-s°-bmWv

AXp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv?

$ \mK-cnI Pohn-Xw, AXym-K-lw,

sh´n-∏n-Sn-°¬, lnwkm-fl-I-X...

Xn∂m≥ th≠n-b-√msX sIm√p∂

P¥p a\p-jy≥ amX-am-Wv. Ic-Snbpw

Ip™pw teJ-I-\-cn-In-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-

bXv \mw I≠-Xm-Wv. ISp-h-b-S-°-ap≈

h\y-ar-K-ßsf ASpØp I≠ kµ¿`-

߃ \ko¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

kz¥w \ne-\n¬∏n¬ Bi-¶-bp-≠m-Im-

Øn-S-tØmfw Imew, As√-¶n¬ Cc-

tX-Sp-tºm-g-√msX Hcp Pnhnbpw as‰m-

∂ns\ BI-an-°p-∂n-√.

N¿®-Iƒ°ptijw ]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ Ihn-Xm- m-K-߃ Is≠Øn

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. ImSv, (Un.hn-\-b-N-

µ≥) `qan-s°mcp Nc-a-Ko-Xw, (H.F≥.-

hn.) ac-Øn\p kvXpXn (kpK-X-Ip-am-

cn) ]k--‡-ß-fmb CØcw Ihn-X-Iƒ

`mhm-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ip´n-

Iƒ ian-°-s´.

ImSp-ambn _‘-s∏´ t\cn-´p-≈-tXm

A√m-ØtXm Bb A\p- -h-߃ Ip´n-

Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

AhX-c-W-an-I-hv, Ip´n-Iƒ°p-Xs∂

hne-bn-cp-Øm-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈p. kzm\p-`-

h-ß-tf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ XohX tI´-

dn™ A\p-`-h-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xn¬ D≠m-tb-°mw.

A\p- -h-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬ kmam-\y-ambn

Fs¥ms° Imcy-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp∂p

F∂v Ip´n-Iƒ Nn¥n®p t\m°-s´.

$ ImSns‚ h\yX

$ h\y-ar-K-߃

$ a‰p Poh-Pm-e-߃

$ kz—-X, kuµcyw

$

h\-bmX

ImSv Iptd ac-ß-fpsS k©-b-a-√. AXv

hnkvX-cn®p Xo¿°m-\m-ImØ hen-sbm-

c-\p-`-h-am-Wv. ImSns‚ KqUX a\p-jy-

\n¬ krjvSn-°p-∂Xv `b-Øn-ep-]cn

h√m-sØm-cm-I¿jW-am-Wv. B \nKq-

V-X-I-fn¬ sNdn-sbm-cwiw shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øm-\mWv \ko-dn-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿

ian-°p-∂-Xv. AXp t\cn- -\p- -hn-°m≥

Hcp h\-bmX Ip´n-Iƒ Bkq-XWw

sNø-s´.

ÿew, Xob-Xn, ka-bw, aps∂m-cp-°-

߃ CØcw Imcy-ß-sfms° Xocp-

am-\n-t°-≠Xv Ip´n-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø-

tØm-sS-bm-Wv. ÿe-Øns‚ khn-ti-

j-X -sb-°p -dn -®p≈ hnh-c -߃,

ap≥Iq´n Adn-bp-Ibpw ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ

kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.

bmX-bn¬ ]men-t°≠ acym-Z-Iƒ

¢mkn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-S-Ww.

"lnam-ebw Iog-S°n' F∂mWp \mw

]d-bm-dv. Cu ]tbm-K-Øn¬ Fs¥-

¶nepw A\u-Nn-Xy-apt≠m?

86 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Iog-S-°pI F∂-Xnse B[n-]Xy at\m-

`mhw \ΩpsS bmX-bn-ep-≠m-Im≥

]mSn√. bmX-Iƒ Iog-S-°m-\p-≈-X-√

Adn-bm\pw A\p- -hn-°m-\p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv.

ImSns\ aen-\s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv. ImSp

Xcp∂ ]mT-߃ hn\-b-]q¿∆w G‰p-

hm-ßm-\p≈ a\v \ap-°p-≠m-I-Ww.

ImSns‚ kzm`m-hn-Im-¥-co-£sØ XS-

-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ H∂pw \ΩpsS mKØp

\n∂p-≠m-I-cp-Xv.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠Xv:

$ t^mt´m-Km-^p-Iƒ bmYm¿∞y-

Øns‚ t\¿]I¿∏m-Wv.

$ ImS-\p-`hw `mj-bn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-

°p-tºmƒ `mh-\-bpsS \ndwIqSn

tNcp∂p.

$ sshIm-cn-I-X-bpsS kv]¿iw `mj-

bv°p≠v.

$ hyXy-kvX- m-h-߃ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-

tºmƒ `mjbv°v kw`-hn-°p∂ am‰w

t\c-sØ-]-d™ ImS-\p-`hw \ko-

dns‚ ImgvN-Iƒ hmbn-®m-kz-Zn-®-Xns‚

]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ FgpXn Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°-s´. anI-®-h-tN¿Øv ]Xn-∏m-

°mw.

h\-Zr-iy-߃ hc-bv°m-\pw, Iyma-d-

bn¬ ]I¿Øm-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-߃

Ip´n-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°-s´. A]q¿∆-amb

ImgvN-Iƒ NnXo-I-cn®h Ip´n-Iƒ Xnc-

s™-Sp -°-s´. \ko¿ AS-°-ap≈

]ikvX t^mt´m-Km^¿am-sc-Sp-Ø-

hbpw Ip´n-I-sf-Sp-Ø-h-bp-amb t^mt´m-

Ifpw NnX-ßfpw Dƒs∏-SpØn Hcp

t^mt´m ]Z¿i\w kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I.

t^mt´mKm^n inev]ime

$ ]Ir-Xn-Zr-iy-ß-fpsS t^mt´m FSp-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚

apt∂m-Sn -bmbn ¢mkn¬ Hcp

t^mt´m-Km^n in¬]-ime kwL-

Sn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. e`y-amb GsX-

¶nepw \√ t^mt´m-Km-^-dpsS

tkh\w CXn-\mbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-

Sp-Ømw. Fßs\ \√ t^mt´m

FSp°mw F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v Ip´n-

Iƒ°v kmam-\y-[m-c-W-sb-¶n-ep-ap-

≠m-°m≥ CXn-eqsS km[n-°-Ww.

]Im-i-hn-\ym-kw, s^bvan-ßv,

tImtºm-kn-j≥, ]›m-Ø-esØ

A ¿ ∞ - ] q ¿ W - a m w - h n [ w

Dƒs°m≈n-°¬, Zriy-߃°v

A¿∞hpw Bghpw \¬I¬, F∂n-

ßs\ Ombm-K-l-W-I-e-bpsS

kmt¶-Xn-Ihpw kuµ-cy-]-c-hp-amb

hi-߃ in¬]-im-e-bn¬ hnj-b-

am-I-Ww.

Is≠-Ømw

F≥.-F.\-ko¿ Hcp t^mt´mKm^-dm-

Wv, F∂m¬ Iyma-dbv°p hg-ßmØ

Nne NnX-ß-fmWv teJ-\-Øn¬ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Is≠-Øp-I.

Ch-bn¬ ac-߃°pw thcp-Iƒ°p-

sams° am\p-j- mhw I¬∏n-°p∂ mK-

߃ GsXm-s°-bp≠v?

$ ac-Øns‚ hogvN ]d-bp-∂-Xv

$ Ce-I-fpsS ]p\¿P\n

$ thcp-I-fpsS Bt«jw

$

So®¿ sSIvÃv 87

-˛ Ce-I-sf-°p-dn®pw thcp-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-

ap≈ Nne hnh-c-W-߃ Zm¿i-\n-

I-amb Hcp Xe-Øn-te°p hnI-kn-

°p∂ kµ¿`-߃ Is≠-Øm-\m-

hptam?

$ Ce-Iƒ thcp-I-fn-eqsS ]p\¿ P\n-

°p-∂-Xv.

$ thcp-I-fpsS Bg-Øn-te°p≈

t]m°v Ce-Iƒ°v BIm-

isØsØmSm≥ klm-b-I-am-

hp-∂-Xv.

$

a’yw

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

]pXp-I-hn-X-I-fpsS ]ta-b-]-c-amb Nne

km[y-X-Iƒ Bcm-bp∂ Ihn-X-bmWv

Sn.]n.-cm-Po-hs‚ "a’yw' F∂ Ihn-X.

sNdp-Xp-I-fpsS AXn-Po-h-\-i-a-ßfpw

Ah-\-hs‚ hn[n \n¿W-bn-°p-hm-

\p≈ kzbw ]cym-]vX-amb ]nS-®n-ep-

Ifpw B[p-\n-Im-\-¥-c-amb Imhy-co-Xn-

I-tfmSv tN¿∂p-\n-∂p-sIm≠v a’y-

Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. B[p-

\nI IhnXmkao-]-\-tØmSv k¿§m-fl-

I-ambn Ie-ln®p sIm≠mWv ]pXp-I-

hnX (DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-I-hn-X) cwK-sØ-

Øn-bX.v B[p-\nI Ihn-X-I-fn¬ Hcp

]tXyI Z¿i-\-tØm-Sp≈ B`n-apJyw

ImWmw. Nqj-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc ASna

h¿§-Øns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]v IS-

Ω-\n- -bpsS "IpdØn'bnep-≠v. F∂m¬

]pXp-I-hnX GsX-¶nepw Z¿i-\-Øns‚

hnP-b-Øn-\mbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂n-√.

""F√p-s]m-°n-b-tKm-]p-c-߃

IW°p Rß-fp-b¿∂nSp'' sa∂

DØ-cm-[p-\nI IhnX

] n¬°m -e - a p -X - e m - f n -Ø -Øns‚kmwkvIm-cnI bp‡n-bmWv DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX F∂mWv s^U-dnIv Pbnw-k¨ F∂ Nn¥-I≥ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. D]-t`mK kaq-lw, am[y-a-k-aq-lw, Ce-IvtSm -WnIv kaq -lw,C≥^¿ta-j≥ kaqlw XpS-ßnbhnti-j-W-߃ DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-Xbv°v\¬In-bn- p-≠v. B[p-\n-I-X-bv°p-tijwBtKm-f-hym-]-I-ambn Pohn-X-Øns‚ka-kvX-ta-J-e-I-sfbpw kzm[o-\n®Hcp kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bmWv DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-X. kaq-l-sØ-sb-∂-t]mseIe-I-sfbpw DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bpsSkmwkvIm-cn-I-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ kzm[o-\n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1990 Iƒ°p-tijwae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ cq]-˛-`m-h-X-e-ß-fn¬ kw`-hn® ]cn-Wm-a-߃ DØ-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Imhy-kz- m-h-߃ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

kq£va \nco-£-Ww, Xpd∂ BJym-\w, GI-tI- µ -Øns‚ A`m -hw,\yqt\m-‡n, emfn-Xyw, Zriy-]-c-X, ]mc-Un, B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bpsS Xnc-kvIm-cw,hyh-ÿm-]nX aqey-ß-fpsS \ntj-[w,hnL-Sn-X-Nn-¥-Iƒ XpS-ßnb \nc-h[nkz`m-h-߃ ae-bm-f-Ønse ]pXp-I-hn-X-bp-tS-Xmbn AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏- n- p-≠v. sI.F.P-b-io-e≥, sI.B¿.-tSm-Wn,A≥h¿ Aen, ]n.cm-a≥, Fkv. tPmk-^v, Sn.]n. cmPo-h≥, ]n.F≥ tKm]o-IrjvW≥, hocm≥Ip´n, taml-\-Ir-jvW≥ ImeSn XpS-ßnb Ihn-I-fmWvae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]pXp-I-hn-Xm-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ BZy-]-Yn-I¿. ]n∂o-Sn-tßm´v\nc-h[n Ihn-Iƒ \ho-\-amb Imhy-`m-hp-I-XzsØ Bhn-jvI-cn-®p-sIm≠vcN-\-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

88 lb¿ sk°‚dn

"IpdØn'bn-te-Xp-t]mse Blzm\

kz`m-h-ap≈ hcn-Iƒ ]pXp-I-hnX ]¶p-

h-bv°p-∂n-√. adn®v kmaq-ln-I-amb

]iv\-ß-sfbpw ]ta-b-ß-sfbpw

hfsc \nw-K-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p.

]iv\sØ Xoh -X -tbmsSbpw

Xo£vW-X-tbm-sSbpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂p. At∏mgpw ]cn-lm-c-\n¿t±-i-߃

]d™v AXn-en-S-s]-S-W-sa∂v Bsc-

bp-aXv t]cn-∏n-°p-∂n-√. ]iv\-Øns‚

kq£va-Xew A\m-hr-X-am-°p∂p F∂p

amXw.

]pXpIhn-X-bn¬ Imhy- m-j -am-dp-∂p-≠v.

_nw_-ß-fmepw Imhy -ap - Z -bp≈

]tbm-K-ß-fmepw kar-≤-am-bn-cp∂

B[p -\nI Imhy -`mj hgn -am -d n -

\nev°p∂p. XnI®pw kpXm-cyhpw efn-

X-hp-amb `mjbpw BJym-\-co-Xnbpw

IS-∂p-hcp-∂p. ]e L -ß-fnepw ]pXp-

I-hnX Acn-Ip-]-‰n-\n∂ Pohn-X-ßsf

Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ ian-®p. B[p-\n-I-

X-bpsS a\pjy k¶-ev]-Øn\p ]Icw

PohnXw F∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sns\ AXv

apdpsI ]nSn -®p. henb BJym-\-

߃°p ]Icw Xosc sNdnb BJym-

\-ß-fn-te-°Xv Ifw-am-‰n. Sn.]n. cmPo-

hs‚ "a’y'Øn¬ ]pXpIhn-X-bpsS

\nc-h[n khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ A¥¿eo-\-

am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS hnP-

b-sØ-°p-dn®pw ^e-]m-]vXn-sb°p-dn-

®p-ap≈ Ahn-izmkw ]pXpImekmln-

Xy-Ønse apJy-N¿®mhnj-b-am-Wv.

alm-Jym-\-ß-fpsS XI¿® DØ-cm-[p-

\nI ]ta-b-ß-fn-sem-∂m-W-t√m. H‰-

s∏´p t]mIp-∂-Xns‚ Ac-£n-Xm-h-

ÿbpw H‰-bv°m-sW-¶nepw s]mcpXn

AXn-Po-hn-°m-\p≈ ia-ßfpw C°m-

esØ a\p-jys‚ ]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv.

hyh-ÿ-tbmSv ]pdØp\n∂v s]mcp-

XpI F∂Xpw hyh-ÿ-bv°-IØp

\n∂v t]mc-Sn-°p-I- F-∂Xpw hyh-

ÿsb XI¿Øv ]pd-tØbv°p hcpI

F∂Xpw t]mcm-´ -Øns‚ hyXy-

kvXkm[y-XI-fm-Wv. IS¯n-c-tbmSv

H‰bv°p s]mcpXn \n¬°m≥ a’y-

Øn\p Ign-bp-∂p. GXp Xc-Øn-ep≈

apt∂-‰-߃°pw Ah-t\m-sSm-∏-sa-

Øm≥ Ign-™n√. ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS

A]-bm-\-ßfpw XI¿®bpw Ahs\

_m[n-®-tX-bn-√. B¿°pw ]nSn-sIm-Sp-

°mØ kzXz-am-bn-cp∂p a’y-Øn-t‚Xv.

]pXnb Ime-Øns‚ ]iv\-ßsf kXy-k-‘hpw EPp-hp-amb coXn-bn¬ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ apsº--tØ-°m-fp-a-[nIw P\-Io-bhpw kzoIm-cy-hp-ambn amdp-∂p-≠v. CXp-hsc s]mXp-[m-c-bn¬ CSw-In-´m-sX-t]mb A\p-`-h-ßfpw a\p-jycpw ]Ir-Xn-bpw H´pwBe-¶m-cn-I-X-I-fn-√msX ]pXp-I-hn-X-I-fn¬ CSw t\Sp-∂p. alm-Jym-\-ß-fn-ep≈ Ahn-izm-khpw iI-eo-I-cn-°-s∏´Bi-b-tem-Ihpw sNdp-Xp-I-fpsSAXn-Po-h-\-km-[y-X-Ifpw \ypt\m-‡nbpw ]pXp-I-hn-X-I-fpsS apJ-ap-Z-I-fmWv.

hnh-c--km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS hym]\w,tªmKv, t^kv_p°v t]mep≈ \h-am-[y-a-ß-fp-tSXpw Hm¨sse≥ ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fp-tS-Xp-amb ]pXnb Xpd-p-Iƒ km[y-am-°n-b-tXmsS ssk_¿kvt]kv D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ Ihn-X-I-fpsS kzX-¥-ambBhn-jvIm-c-߃ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. \ho-\-amb Hcp Imhy-kw-kvIm-chpw mhp-IXzNe-\hpw ssk_¿ CS-ØnseIhn-Iƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p-≠v.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 89

B¿°pw Iogvs∏-Sp-Ømt\m \in-∏n-

°mt\m Ign-bmØ \n›-b-Zm¿Vyhpw

NXnbpw h©-\bpw Xncn-®-dn™v c£-

s∏-Sm-\p≈ kma¿∞yhpw a’y-Øn-\p-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ChnsS a’yw ]Xo-Im-

fl-I-`wKn ssIh-cn-°p-∂p.

he-°-Æn, Nq≠-s°m-fp-Øv, hmbvØe

XpS-ßnb sIWn-bp-sSbpw NXn-bp-

sSbpw BI-a-W-Øn-s‚bpw Nn”-߃

Ihn-X-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp -∂p-≠v.

CsX√mw th´-°m-c-\pambn _‘-s∏-

´-Xm-Wv. Ch-bn¬ \ns∂√mw c£-

s∏Sm\p≈ hg°w Cc-bmb a’yw

t\Sn-bn-cp -∂p. kzbw sNdp-Xmbpw

hf™pw thKw Iq´nbpw th -°m-cpsS

BI-a-W-Øn¬\n∂v a’yw c£-s∏-

´psIm≠n -cp -∂p. \ne -\n¬°p∂

hyhÿ hy‡n-Isf AXn-\-ItØ°v

BKn-cWw sNøm≥ ]e a´nepw ian-

®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw. hyXn-cn-‡-amb

\ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw kzIo-b-amb ImgvN-∏m-

Sp-I-fp-ap≈ H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-Iƒ°p

amXta A]m-c-amb Bfl-hn-izm-k-

tØmsS CXn¬\n∂v IpXdn amdm≥

Ign-bq. Xs‚ hn[n kzbw Xocp-am-\n-

°m≥ C—-mi-‡n-bp≈ hy‡n-Ifpw

thdn´ Z¿i-\ -ß-fm¬ ASn -Ød

\n¿Ωn® ]ÿm-\-ßfpw F√m-Øcw

BI-a-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏´v

Xß-fpsS AkvXnXzw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p.

F√m-‰n-t\mSpw cmPn-bm-hpI F∂Xpw

hg-ßn-s°m-Sp-°pI F∂Xpw B[p-\nI

a\p-jys‚ kz`m-h-ß-fmbn amdp-∂p-≠v.

"F∂psSsbm® tI´pthm thdn v' F∂

Bfl-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ kzc-߃ A]-

Xy-£-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn -°p-I-bm-Wv.

B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c kmaq-ly-I-a-߃

a\p-jys‚ ssPhn-Ihpw kzX¥-hp-

amb \ne-\n-ev∏p-t]mepw A\p-h-Zn-

°mØ hn[-Øn¬ Ahs\ \nm-c-

\m°n am‰p-∂p. CXn-s\-Xnsc Zp¿_e-

sc∂ apZ-t]-dp-∂-h¿ \bn-°p∂ AXn-

Po-h\ ka-c-߃ hnP-bn-°p∂ Imew

IqSn-bm-WnXv F∂v Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp-

≠v.

hy‡n -I -fpsS A]-Zm -\ -߃

hmgvØnbpw Ahsc BZ¿i-h¬°-

cn®pw Ncn-X-Øn¬\n∂v \njvImk\w

sNømw. IY-I-fnse IYm-]m-X-ß-fmbn

amXw Ah¿ `mhn-bn¬ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-

Ø-s∏-t -°mw. F∂m¬ a’yw CXn\p

]nSn-sIm-Sp-°p-∂n-√. ImgvNbv°v ]m[m-

\y-ap≈ \mK-cn-I-X-bmWv C∂v hf¿∂p

hcp-∂-Xv. AbY¿∞hpw hymP-hp-amb

]Xn-_nw-_-߃ krjvSn-°pI F∂Xv

"]XoXn bmYm¿∞y' Øns‚

ImesØ kz`m-h-am-Wv. AØcw sI´p-

Im-gvN-I-fpsS Cc-bm-hm\pw Ihn-X-

bnse a’yw Xbm-dm-hp-∂n-√. hn]-Wn-

°mWv ]pXnb ImeØv ]map-Jyw.

AXns‚ ]tem-`\-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-

°m≥ Ign-bpI F∂Xv Ffp-∏-a-√.

Gsd hmN-I-an-Sp°pw sabvhg°hpw

Im]-Sy-hp-ap-≈-h¿°p-amXw hnP-bn-°p-

hm≥ Ign-bp∂ hn]-Wn-bn¬ CXn-√m-

Ø-h¿ \mWw sISpw. AXns‚ ]tem-

`-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂v a’yw c£-s∏-Sp-∂p.

amX-a-√, am¿°-‰n¬ hnP-bn-°m-hp-∂-

X-c-Øn-ep≈ hep-∏hpw Cu a’y-Øn-

\n-√-t√m. sI´p-Im-gvN-I-fpsS temIw

a’y-Øn\v A\y-am-bn-cp-∂p.

IS-emWv a’y-Øns‚ ssPhn-I-amb

temIw. AXns‚ h\y-amb A¥¿tem-

IØv, \nm-chpw eLp-hp-amb Pohn-

90 lb¿ sk°‚dn

X-ap-≈-h-s\-¶nepw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\m-

bp≈ ia-߃°n-S-bn¬ B[nbpw

Bi-¶-bp-ambn HmSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-

bmWv a’yw. Xnf-®p-a-dn-bp-Ibpw `m¥-

amb lnwkm -fl-IXzw ]I-Sn -∏n -

°pIbpw sNøp∂ IS-en-\-IØv Htc

kabw \ne-\n-ev]n-\mbn s]mcp-Xp-

Ibpw AXn-Po-h-\-Øn-\mbn ian-°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p a’yw. IS-en\v

Bghpw ]c-∏p-ap-≠v. A[n-Im-c-hy-h-ÿ-

bpsS ]XoIw Xs∂-bmWv Cu IS¬.

F√m-Øn-t\mSpw ka-c -k-s∏-Sm≥

\tΩmSv \nc-¥cw kwkm-cn-°p∂ Hcp

hnim-e-X-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcp hep-Xns\

kqNn-s∏m-s´∂ sNdpXv BI-an-°p-∂p.

Ihn-X-bn¬ a’yw kqNn-s∏m- mbn amdp-

∂p-≠-t√m.Np´p-]-gpØ kqNnbpsS

Nph∏v IS-emsI hym]n-°p-∂p. sNdpXv

hep-Xns‚ \ndw Xs∂ am‰p-∂p.

hyh-ÿ-bpsS Cc-I-fmbn amdp∂ a\p-

jysc kw_-‘n®v, X߃ t\cn-Sm≥

t]mIp∂ hn]-Øn-s\-°p-dnt®m t\cn-

´n-cn-°p∂ kzmX¥y \jvS-sØ-°p-

dnt®m Adn-b-W-sa-∂n-√. XßfpsS

Bfl-_-ehpw C—m-i-‡nbpw D]-tbm-

Kn®v kzmX-¥ysØ kwc-£n-°m-\p≈

Ah-km\ ]nS-®n¬ Ah¿ \S-Øn-s°m-

t≠-bn-cn-°pw.

IS-en-s\bpw a’y-sØbpw ]Xo-I-ß-

fmbn I≠v At\Iw A¿∞-X-e-ß-fn-

te°v hnI-kn-∏n-°m-hp∂ hymJym-\-

km-[yX Cu Ihn-X-bv°p-≠v. ]Xo-I-

ß-fpsS Hcp hyh-ÿ-bmWv IhnX

F∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ "a’y'sØ ]e-

Xcw hmb-\-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-am-°m-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv. B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c hna¿i-\-

Øns‚ `mK-ambn ]N-cn® ]mcm-bW

coXn-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Cu Ihn-

Xsb kao-]n---°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Nn”

hn⁄m-\obw (semiotics) A]-

\n¿ΩmWw (De-construct ion)

kmwkvIm-cnI hna¿i\w (cultural

studies) XpS-ßnb hn⁄m-\-ta-J-e-I-

fpsS hmb\mkt¶-X-߃ "a’y'-

Øns‚ hmb-\-bn¬ ]pXnb A¿∞-X-

e-߃ krjvSn-°pw.

A¿∞-Xew Is≠-ØpI

$ kzmX-¥y-sØ-°p-dn-®v ]e-X-e-

ß-fn-ep≈ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-ƒ "Hm¿Ω-

bpsS Rcºv' F∂ sNdp-I-Y-bn¬ ]cn-

N-b-s∏-´n´p≠v. sI.Pn.-i-¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS

"Xnc-kvImc' Ønse Im°sb DZm-l-

c-W-am-sb-SpØv kzmX-¥y-sØ-∏-‰n-

bp≈ ho£-WsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. tImgn, Im° F∂o ]Xo-I-

ßsf Ihn Fß-s\-bmWv Ihn-X-bn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂Xpw hni-

Z-am-°mw.

]Z-߃°v kmam\y hyh-lm-c-Øn-

ep≈ A¿∞-a√ Ihn-X-bn¬ D≈-Xv.

F¶n¬ a’y-Øn\v Cu Ihn-X-bn¬

Iev∏n-°m-hp∂ A¿∞-߃ F¥v?

Ip´n-Iƒ \nK-a-\-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

$ kzmX-¥y-Zm-ln-bmb hy‡n

$ GIm-In-bmb t]mcmfn

$ sNdpØp \n¬∏v

$

So®¿ sSIvÃv 91

CØcw Bi-b-߃ kwK-ln-°-s∏-S-

s´.

kzmX-¥ysØ l\n-°p∂ LS-I-ß-

sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kqN-\-Iƒ a’yw F∂

Ihn-X-bn¬\n∂v Is≠-Øm-\m-h-iy-s∏-

Sp-∂p.

$ he-°-Æn-Iƒ

$ Nq≠-s°m-fp-Øp-Iƒ

$ hmbvØ-e.

CØcw Bi-b-߃ \nK-a-\-ß-fmbn

hcmw.

kzX-¥-\mb a\p-jys\ AI-s∏-Sp-

Øm≥ ImØn-cn-°p-∂Xv Fs¥m-s°-

bmWv?

$ he-°-Æn-I-fn¬ Adn-bmsX sN∂p-

s]-Sp-I-bm-Wv.

$ Nq≠-s°m-fp-Øp-Iƒ BI¿jn®v

\in-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv.

$ hmbvØe t\cn v A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-h-bm-Wv.

GXp sNdpØp\n¬∏ns\bpw C√mbva

sNøm-\p≈ hnZy-Iƒ ]pXnb temI-

Iaw hnZ-Kv[-ambn Bkq-XWw sNøp-

∂p-≠v. CXn¬\n∂v c£-s∏SpI Ffp-

∏-a√. F∂m¬ sNdnb a’yw AXn-

\p≈ t]mcm-´-Øn-em-Wv.

kmam -\ym¿∞-Øn¬\n∂v hnti-

jm¿∞-Øn-te°v ]cn -W-an -°p∂

hm°p-I-fmWv Ihn-X-bp-tS-Xv. Hcp kqN-

I-Øn¬\n∂v At\Iw kqNn-Xß-fn-

te°v hmb-\-°msc \bn-°m-\p≈

tijn-bmWv Ihn-X-Iƒ°v \m\m¿∞-

km-[y-XIƒ \¬Ip∂-Xv. hyXykvX

kµ¿`-ß-fmWv (context) hyXykvX

]mT-߃ (text) Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

F∂¿∞w. hmbn-°p∂ hy‡n, Ime-

L- w, tZi-t -Z-߃, kmaq-ln-I-k-µ¿ -

߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-b-\p-k-cn®v Ihn-X-

bnse ]Z-߃°pw _nw_-߃°pw

A¿∞-hy-Xym-k-߃ hcmw.

apI-fn¬ sImSpØ ]Z-ß-ƒ°v Ihn-X-

bn¬ ssIh-cp∂ khn-tij-amb

A¿∞-X-e-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-tXm-

sSm∏w IqSp -X¬ ]tbm -K -߃

Is≠Øn hymJym-\n-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-

Smw

hni-I-e\w

$ Xs‚ mK-t[-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ D¬I-

WvT-tbmsS kzbw X]n-®v, Akz-ÿ-

amb a\-tmsS k©-cn-°p∂ a’y-

Øns‚ Hcp CtaPv Ihn Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂p-≠v. AXns‚ Bhm-k-tem-Ihpw

AX-ta¬ CfIn adn -bp -∂p-ap -≠v.

GsX√mw ]Xo-I-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu

Ahÿ Ihn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F∂v

Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ a’y-Øns‚ Ah-ÿsb Bk-∂-

amb hn\m-i-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ B[n-

bmbn ImWm≥ Ign-bptam? AX-√,

AXn-Po-h-\-Øns‚ km[yX Ihn-X-

bn¬ kqNn-X-am-Ip-∂pt≠m? N¿®

\SØn A`n-]m-b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-

s´.

CØcw hnj-b-߃ D∂-bn-°p-∂Xv

Imhy-`m-K-Øns‚ [z\nkuµ-cy-Øn-

te°v Ip´n-Isf \bn-°m≥ DX-Ipw.

F∂m¬ thZ-\-I-sfbpw Akz-ÿ-X-I-

sfbpw i‡n-bm°n am‰m -\p≈

Du¿÷hpw AXns\ ]Xntcm[-

92 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Øns‚ at\m-Zm¿Vy-Øn-te°v ]cn-

h¿Øn-∏n-°m-\p≈ IcpØpw CXnse

a’yw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. Ihn-X-

bn¬Øs∂-bp≈ kqN-\-Iƒ hymJym-

\n®v C°mcyw hni-Z-am-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ he-°-Æn-I-fn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sp∂

a’yw

$ [ph-߃°v ac-hn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-

bmØ i‡n

$ Hcp N¥-bnepw \mWw sISm≥

\n¬°mØ Bfl-_ew

$

ta¬s°m-SpØ kqN-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-

s∏-SpØn, a’yw ]Xn-\o-[n-I-cn-°p∂

]Xn-tcm-[-Øn-s‚bpw sNdp-Øp-\n-ev]n-

s‚bpw AP-ø-amb `mh-ßsf Ihn-X-

bn¬ Bhn -jvI -cn -® -sX-ßs\

F∂Xns\-°p-dn®v hni-I-e-\-°p-dn∏v

Xbm-dm-°p-I.

Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v

]pXp -I -hn -X -bpsS BJym -\ -co -Xn

ap≥Ime Ihn-X-I-fn¬\n∂v ]e-X-c-

Øn¬ hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬In-bn-´p≈

h≈-tØm-fns‚ hcn-Iƒ CuW-Øn¬

sNm√n-s°m-Sp-°mw. Ihn-X-bpsS ASn-

ÿm\ kz`m-h-ßsf ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

Bh-iy-s∏Smw.

$ hrØw

$ Xmfw/CuWw

$ Z¿i\w

$ ]kvXm-h\mkz`mhw

$ ]`m-jW]cX

$ Ae-¶mcw

GXm\pw ]pXp-I-hn-X-Iƒ IqSn ]cn-N-

b-s∏-Sp-Ø-mw. Ah-bpsS \ho-\-amb

BJym-\-coXn Ip´n-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°-

Ww. A\m¿`m-S-amb `mj, efn-X-amb

]Z-߃, hm°p-I-fnse anX-Xzw, ]`m-

j-W-]-c-X-bpsS A`m-hw, kmam-\y-hy-

h-lm-c-ß-fnse mtjm-]tbm-Kw, ]Xo-

Im-fl-IXzw XpS-ßnb ]tXy-I-X-I-fn-

eq-∂n-bp≈ N¿®-bmWv \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

Imhy- m-j-bp-sSbpw BJym-\-co-Xn-I-fp-

sSbpw `mhp-I-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-Wm-a-

߃°p \nZm-\-amb kmaq-lnI am‰-

sØbpw kqNn-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. henb

cmjvSob ]am-W-ß-fn-ep≈ Ahn-izm-

kw, ]mtZ-in-I-amb sNdp-Øp-\n-ev]p-

Iƒ°p e`n® ]m[m-\yw, ssZ\w-Zn\

kw`-h-ß-sfbpw kq£vam-\p-`q-Xn-I-

sfbpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p≈ Xzc, Pohn-

X-Øns‚ s]mXp-[m-c-bn¬ CSw In´m-

sX-t]m-b-h-cpsS Pohn-X-߃°pw Ah-

cpsS mjbv°pw e`n® ]cn-K-W\ XpS-

ßnb ][m\ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ kqNn-

∏n-°-Ww.

"kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn-X-bn¬ CØcw

kz`m-h-߃°v CSw In´n-bn-´pt≠m

F∂v ]cntim[n°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw.

N¿®-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Bhn-jv°m-

c-co-Xn-bnse hyXy-kvX-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v

Xmc-Xayw \SØn Ipdn∏v Xøm-dm-°-

Ww.

a’yw F∂ ]Zw AXns‚ tIh-

em¿∞-Øn-emtWm Cu Ihn-X-bn¬

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂v Bcm-bp-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 93

∂p. As√-¶n¬ GsX√mw Bi-b-ß-

fn-te°v AXv hnI-kn-®n-´p≠v F∂v

Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p.

$ kaqlw F∂ hyh-ÿ-bv°-

IsØ H‰-s∏´ hy‡n

$ sNdn-b-h-cpsS ]Xn-tcm[ k÷-

amb a\v

$

Cß-s\-bp≈ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ Ah-X-

cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v "a’yw' F∂ Ihn-

Xbv°v Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-]-T\w Xbm-dm-

°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Smw. .

Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rcºv F∂ sNdp-I-Y-

bpsS ASn-ÿm\ ]tabw kzmX¥yw

F∂ Bi-b-hp -ambn _‘-s∏´p

\n¬°p-∂-Xm-Wv. tZiw, hy‡n, kvXo

XpS-ßn-bh ]¶phbv°p∂ kzmX-¥y-

t_m-[-amWv Cu IY-bn¬ N¿®m-hn-j-

b-am-Ip-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ BXy-¥n-I-ambn

kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ A¥pw A`n-am-\-

t_m-[hpw Xs∂bmWv ChnsS [z\n-

°p-∂-Xv. kzmX¥yw \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

tZi-Øn-\m-bmepw hy‡n-Iƒ°m-

bmepw ASn-aØw Xs∂bmWv. ASn-

aØw ]e cq]-Øn¬ hcmw. A[n-\n-

th-i-Øns‚ cq]-Ønepw ]pcp-jm-[n-Im-

c-Øns‚ cq]-Ønepw IS-∂p-h-t∂-°mw.

ASn-aØw \¬Ip∂ Akz-ÿ-X-Ifpw

s]mdp-Xn-tI-Sp-Ifpw Hm¿ΩbpsS Rc-

ºnse hr≤-tbbpw s]¨Ip-´n-sbbpw

DS-\ofw Aim-¥-cm-°p-∂p-≠v.

CØcw Hc-\p-`hw a’yw t\cn-Sp-

∂pt≠m F∂ tNmZyw D∂-bn-°mw.

A[n-\n-th-i-Øns‚ IS-∂p-h-c-hns\

a’y-Øns‚ kzmX-¥y-Zm-ln-bmb

a\v Fß-s\-bmWv A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-

∂Xv F∂ tNmZy-Øn-eqsS sNdp-Øp-

\nev]v F∂ Bi-b-Øn-te°v Ip´nsb

\bn-°mw. "Hm¿Ω-bpsS Rc-ºn¬

CØcw sNdpØp \n¬∏p-I-fpsS

Fs¥-¶nepw kqN-\-I-fpt≠m F∂p

Ip´n-Iƒ At\z-jn®v Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ CØcw N¿®-I-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-

bp∂ Bi-b-߃ tN¿Øpsh®v Hcp

Xmc-X-ay-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

hne-bn-cp-ج kqN-I-߃

$ Bi-b-[m-cW

$ Ah-X-c-W-an-Ihv

$ `mjm-]-c-ambanIhv

hn`-‡n-sb-s¥∂pw hn`-‡n-]-Xy-

bØns‚ [¿a-sa-s¥∂pap≈ kmam-\y-

[mW Ip´n-I-fn-se-Øn°p-I-bmWv Cu

]¿Ø-\-Øns‚ e£yw

aq∂p hmIy-ß-fn-se-bpw \ma-cq-]-߃

Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´

hmIy-Øn¬ \ma-cq-]-߃ kzX¥-

ambn \ne-°p-I-bmtWm

\ma-cq-]߃ hmIy-Ønse a‰v ]Z-ß-

tfmSp tNcp∂Xv Nne ]Xy-b-ß-fpsS

klm-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. GsXms° hn -

‡n-]-Xy-b-ß-fmWv aq∂p hmIy-ß-fn-

epap-≈-Xv.

cma≥Ip´n + °v

Nµ-\-Øncn + DsS

°v, DsS F∂nh c≠pw \ma-ßse

hmIy-L-S-\-bp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p∂

94 lb¿ sk°‚dn

]Xyb-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv. °v F∂Xv icn-

bmb ]Xy-b-cq-]-a-s√∂v t_m[y-s∏-

Sp-Øp∂-Xm-Wv. hn`-‡n-]-Xy-b-ß-fn-

√msX \ma߃ kzX-¥-cq-]-ambn

\nevIp∂ GXm\pw DZm-l-c-W-߃

Ip´n-Iƒ°v \evIp-I.

hr≤, s]¨Ip´n ASp∏w tXm∂n-bn√

arKime I≠ ImgvN-Iƒ Ah≥ Aº-

c-∏n-®p. Ip´n-Iƒ -]q¿W hmIy-߃

\n¿Ωn-°-s´.

Ah≥ sh≈w IpSn®p F∂ hmIy-

Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-sb¥v?

sh≈w IpSn®p F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ

sh≈sØ IpSn®p F∂ A¿∞-amWv

e`n -°p-∂Xv. "F' F∂ ]Xybw

tN¿t°-≠-Xn-s√-¶nepw B ]Xy-b-

Øns‚ [¿aw B hmIy -Øn -

epƒt®¿∂n-´p-≠v.

hymI-cW Nn¥-bn¬ ]Xy-b-߃°v

henb ÿm\-ap-≠v. ]Z-ßsf XΩn¬

_‘n-∏n-°p-sb∂ [¿aw amX-a√

]Xy-b-߃°p-≈-Xv. Hcp hmIy-

Øns‚ A¿∞w \n¿Æ-bn -t°-≠-

Xnepw ]Xy-b-߃°p henb ÿm\-

ap-≠v.

\ma-ß-tfmSp tNcp∂ ]Xy-b-ß-fmWv

hn`‡n-]-Xy-߃. hn`‡n ]Xy-

ßsf t]cp ]d-™v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-

Øp∂ \ne-hn-ep≈ ]T\w ChnsS Dt±-

in-°p-∂n-√. hn`‡n]Xy-sas-¥∂pw

hmIy-L-\-bn¬ AXn-\p≈ ÿm\-sa-

s¥-∂p-ap-f-f ASn-ÿm\ [mcW cq]-

s∏-Sp-Itb th≠q.

hn`-‡n-sb-°p-dn -®p≈ hy‡-amb

[mcW cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ tIc-f]m-Wn-

\obw hyI-cWKŸ-߃ A[ym-]nI

kq£v-a-ambn ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

So®

¿ s

SI

vÃv

95

bqWn‰v s^bnw /bqWn‰v hni-I-e\w

bqWn‰v ˛ 1 In\mhv

Bi-bw/-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\-t\m- -߃

$ ]tNm-Z-\m-fl-I-amb Bi-b-߃ Ip´n-

I -fn¬ icnbmb Img vN -∏mSpw

DW¿hpw krjvSn°pw

$ kuµ-cym-fl-I-amb ]tbmK hnti-j-

߃ Ihn-X-bn¬ D≠v.

$ ]W-b-I-hn-X-I-fpsS Hcp ]mc-ºcyw

ae-bm-f-Øn-\p-≠v.

$ kvXo]-Z-hn, kzmX-¥y-t_m[w,Bhn-

jv°mc kzmX¥yw XpS-ßnb Bib-

߃ IY-bn¬ DƒtN¿∂n-´p-≠v.

$ ]Xy -£-amb A¿∞-Øn -\ -∏pdw

[z\ym-fl-I-amb Xe-߃ IY-Iƒ°p-

≠v.

$ kz¥w ]cn-an-Xn-Isf adn-I-S-∂p-sIm≠v

Ime-Ønepw Ncn-X-Ønepw CSw ]nSn®

alm-fl-°-fpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ

N¿® sNbvXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Ihn-X-bnse ]tbm-K-ß-fpsS kuµ-cy-

Xew N¿® sNøp-∂p.

$ Bim≥, Nß-ºp-g, Np≈n-°mSv XpS-ßn-

b-h-cpsS Ihn-X-Iƒ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-

Ibpw kmay-hy-Xym-k-߃ Is≠-Øp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ kvXo Ah-ÿ-Iƒ kmln-Xy-Øn¬

]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v ]m\¬

N¿®

$ IY-bnse kqN-\-Isf A]-KYn®v

A¿∞-km-[y-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.

$ hnhn[ tkmX-kp-Ifn¬ \n∂v

hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn®v s]mXp-

hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Ihn-Xsb kq£va-ambn hni-I-

e\w sNøp-Ibpw DNn-X-amb

cq]-ß-fn¬ Ah-X-cn -∏n -°p -

Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ ]ta -b -Øns‚ ASn -ÿm-\-

Øn¬ Ihn-X-Isf Xmc-Xayw

sNbvXv cN\m]c-amb khn-ti-

j-X-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn™v hnhn[

hyh-lmc cq]-ß-fn¬ Bhn-

jv°-cn-°p-∂p.

$ N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØv Bi-b-

ßfpw \nK-a-\-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-

∏n--°m-\p≈ tijn t\Sp-∂p.

$ `mjsb kq£va-ambn A]-K-

Yn -°m\pw kµ¿` -ß-fn¬

Ahbv°v ssIh-cp∂ A¿∞-X-

e-߃ Xncn-®-dn™v cN-\-I-

fn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.

96l

b¿ sk

°‚

dnBi-b-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\t\ -߃

$ kmaq-ln-I-amb am‰-߃ hyXykvX

coXn-I-fn¬ kmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-

s∏-Sm-dp≠v.

$ ]IrXn AXns‚ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-ß-

tfmsS kwc-£n-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv.

$ a\p-jy-tI-µn-X-amb Imgv®-∏m-Sn\p

]Icw F√m Poh-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw ka-

`m -h -\ -tbmsS ImWp --∂-Xm -hWw

\ΩpsS ]cn-ÿnXn t_m[w

$ ]Xy£ emfn-Xy-Øn-\-∏pdw A¿∞-

Øns‚ A\-¥-amb AS-cp-Iƒ ]pXp-

I-hn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

$ sNdp -Xp -I-fpsS ]Xn -tcm -[-Øn¬

]pXnb ImeØv Gsd ]k-‡n-bp-≠v.

$ IY-bnse Ncn-X-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb Awi-߃ Is≠Øn \ncq-]-W-߃ Xbm-dm-°p-∂p.

$ ]Ir-Xn-kw-c-£-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´teJ-\-߃, ^o®-dp-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bhN¿® sNøp-∂p.

$ ImS-dnhp bmX, ]Ir-Xn-Zriy NnXo-I-c-Ww, tUmIyp-sa‚dn ]Z¿i\w apX-em-b-h-bn-eqsS ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-Im-h-t_m[whf¿Øp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ GXp Ihn-X-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v Ah-bpsSBi-b-X-ew, [z\ym-fl-I-X, mjm-]-c-ambkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ, kmaq-ln-I-]-k‡napX-em-bh Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ kaq-l-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ ]cn-ÿnXn Nqj-Ww, kmaq-ln-I-amb hnth-N-\-߃,F∂n-h-bvs°-Xnsc \S-°p∂ ]Xn-tcm-[-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-c-߃tiJ-cn®v Ah-bpsS ]k‡n N¿®sNøp-∂p.

$ kmln-Xy-c -N-\-Iƒ hmbn®vAh-bnse kmaq-ln-I-L-S-I-ßfpw Ncn-X-]-c-amb Awi-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw kwhm-Z-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ teJ-\-߃, ^o®-dp-Iƒ apX-em-bh hmbn®v Bi-b-߃tImUo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw N¿®-I-fn¬ CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ A\p-`-h-߃ hyXy-kvX-ambam[y-a -ß-fn -eqsS ]I¿Øns]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ Ihn-X-Iƒ hmbn®v Ah-bpsS]ÿm\ khn-ti-j-X-I-tfmSvtN¿Øv \n¿Øn ]Tn-°p-IbpwIs≠-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ kmaq-ln-Im-`n-ap-Jy-ap≈ ImgvN-∏mSv hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw t_m[-h¬°-c-W-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 9 7

BapJw Ç

ImgvN-bpsS tImbva B[p-\nIm-\p- -h-

Øns‚ apJ-ap-Z-bm-Wv. ]c-ky-∏-e-I-I-

fn¬\n∂pw B\p-Im -en -I -Øn -c -

bn¬\n∂pw an\n-kvIo-\n¬\n∂pw

F√mw \nc-¥-c-ambn Zriy-_nw-_-߃

\sΩ Xnc-°n-sb-Øp-∂p. t_m[m-t_m-

[-ß-fpsS AZr-iy-amb tImWp-I-

fn¬t∏mepw Ah IqSq-Iq- p-∂p. PohnXw

Xs∂ Hcp sI´p-Im-gvN-bmbn A[:]Xn-

°p-∂p.

Sn.sI. cma-N-µ≥

(ImgvN-bpsS tImbva)

`mj-sb-°mƒ Zriy-_nw-_-߃ ]cn-

Nn-X-amb Hcp Xe-ap-d-bmWv \ap°v

ap∂n-ep -≈Xv. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂

ImgvN-I-fpsS t\cpw s\dnbpw NnI-tb-

≠Xpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn Ah hni-

I-e\w sNtø-≠Xpw ]pXnb Imew

G¬∏n-°p∂ henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øam-

Wv.

\ΩpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf cq]s∏SpØp-

Ibpw kwkvImcw \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ Zriyam[y-a -

߃°p≈ ]¶v C∂v Ahn-X¿°nX-

am-Wv. bmYm¿∞y-ß-f-√, bmYm¿∞y-

bqWn‰v c≠v

ImgvN

ß-sf∂v tXm∂n-∏n-°p∂ AXn-bm-

Ym¿∞y-ß-fmWv A\p-`-h-ß-fm-bn-

t∏mepw C∂v FÆ-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-

Øns‚ ]pdw- mKw amXw Im´n-Ø-cp∂

IuXp-I-ap≈ ImgvN-Iƒ hnt\mZw ]I-

cpI amX-a√ sNøp-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS A`n-

cp-Nn-Isf \n¿W-bn-°p-Ibpw ImgvN-°m-

cmbn amXw \sΩ \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS hymI-cWw hnI-kn-

®p-h-∂Xv Ne-®n-X-I-esb ap≥\n¿Øn-

bm-Wv. a‰v Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS amX-a-

√, \h-am-[y-a-ß-fpsSt]mepw mj Hcp

]cn-[n-hsc cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏- -Xv kn\n-a-

bn-eq-sS-bmWv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ne-

®n-X-I-e-bpsS coXn-im-kvX-sØ-°p-dn-

®p≈ F√m At\z-jW-ßfpw Zriy-

am-[y-a-]-T-\-Ønte°p IqSn hgn-Xp-d°p-

∂p.

\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hmtcm ZriyØnepw

tZiØns‚bpw Ime-Øns‚bpw kmaq-

lnI _‘-ß-fpsSbpw `mj-b-S-°-

ap≈ kmwkvIm-cntIm]m-[n-I-fpsSbpw

AS-bm-f-ß-fp-≠m-Ipw. tZi-N-cn-X-

sØbpw kmwkvIm-cnI kØ-sbbpw

Ipdn-®p≈ At\z-j-W-߃ ]q¿W-am-

Ip-∂Xv C∂v CØcw ImgvNm-\p- -h-ß-

9 8 lb¿ sk°‚dn

sf°qSn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-tºm-gm-Wv.

ImgvN-Iƒ amX-a -√, ImgvN-Isf

]I¿Øp-Ibpw tN¿Øp-h-bv°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ coXn-bpw Cu hni-I-e-\-

Øn¬ ][m-\ -am -Wv. Ncn - XsØ

t_m[-]q¿∆w Dƒs°m-≈n-®p≈ kmaq-

lnI CXn-hr-Ø-߃ amX-a-√, hnt\m-

Z -w amXw Dt±-in -®p≈ Km\-cw-K-

߃t]mepw kwkvIm-c-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈

D]m-[n-bm-Wv.

P\-]nb kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-

Im\pw s]mXp-t_m-[sØ Xr]vXn-s∏-

SpØn hmWn-Py-hn -Pbw ssIh-cn -

°m\pwth≠n kn\n-a-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-

Øm-dp≈ tNcp-h-Isf Cg-]n-cn®v ]cn-

tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AØcw tNcp-h-

IfpsS ]n∂n-ep≈ Xm¬]-cy-ß-sfbpw

]h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-I-sfbpw Xncn-®-dn-

bm≥ Igntb≠Xp≠v. CØcw hni-I-

e-\-߃°v \√ NnX-ß-fpsS ImgvNb-

\p- -h-ß-fmWv XpW-bm-hp-I. P\-]n-b-

X-bpsS Af-hp-tIm-ep-Iƒ°∏p-dØv

Fß-s\-bmWv Ah Ime-tØmSpw

bmYm¿∞y-tØmSpw H´n-\n-∂-sX∂pw

Ne-®n-X-I-ebv°v amXw km[y-amb

Zriy-`m-j-bp-]-tbm-Kn-®-sX∂pw AXp-

hgn a\-n-em-°mw.

a\p-jy- m-h-\-bpsS aq¿Ø-amb ]Xn-\n-

[m-\-ß-fm-bn-cn°p-tºmƒØs∂ Zriy-

߃ ]Xo-I-ß-fpam-Ipw. Ne-®n-X-

Øn¬\n∂v F√mhcpw hmbn-s®-Sp-

°p∂ A¿∞-I-ev]-\-Iƒ kam-\-am-I-

W-sa-∂n√. Zriy-kq-N-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

A¿Yw hmbn -s®-Sp -°ptºmgmWv

Bkzm-Z\w Db¿∂-X-e-Øn-se-Øp-∂-

Xv. P\-]nb kn\na kwkvIm-csØ

hna¿i-\-]-c -ambn kao-]n -°m\pw

Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ßsf kwkvIm-c-]-T-\-

sa∂ \nebv°v hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw

¢mknIv NnX-ßfpw tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-I-

fp-apƒs∏sS I≠v \s√mcp Ne-®nX

kwkvImcw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp -°m\pw

e£y-an- mWv Cu bqWn‰v Xbm-dm-°n-

bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]thiI ]h¿Ø\w

sF.kn.‰n km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-

SpØn ae-bm-f-Ønse ]g-bXpw ]pXn-

b-Xp-amb GXm\pw Ne-®nX Km\-߃

tIƒ∏n-°p-∂p.

Ip´n-Iƒ Nne Ne-®nX Km\-߃ Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p∂p

(hy‡n-K-X-ambpw kwL-am-bpw)

XpS¿∂v s]mXpN¿®.

$ kn\n-a-bn¬ Km\w Bh-iy-apt≠m?

$ temI ¢mkn-°p-I-fn¬ Km\-ß-

fpt≠m? F¥p-sIm≠v?

$ Ne-®n - X -Km -\ -ß-fpsS [¿Ωw

F¥mWv?

$ Fs¥ms° Bh-iy-߃°v Ah

]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p?

-$ kwKo-Xw Ign-™m¬ Fs¥ms°

LS-I-ß-fmWv Km\-ßsf

BI¿jIam°p-∂Xv?

-$ Ne-®nX Km\-ßfpw Ihn-Xbpw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘hpw hyXymkhpw

Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

N¿®bpsS Hcp L´Øn¬ ]mT`mK-

Ønse ]th-iI ]h¿Ø-\-Ønse

A`n-apJw Ip´n-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-

Ømw.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 9 9

tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS kwhm-Z-Øn-te°v

Db¿∂p-h-cm-hp∂ Bi-b-߃:

˛ Km\-an-√m-sXbpw kn\na \n¿an-

°mw.

-˛ C¥y≥ kn\na BZy-Imew

apXte Km\-ß-fp-≈-Xm-Wv.

˛ Hgp-°ns\ XS--s∏-Sp -Øp∂

Km\-ß-fpw A√m-Ø-hbpw D≠v.

˛ Ihn-X-bpsS as‰m-cp-Xcw ]tbm-

K-amWv (Applied poetry) Km\-߃.

˛ ImesØ Npcp°w Zriy-ß-fn-

eqsS NnXo-I-cn-°m≥ Km\-NnXWw

sIm≠v km[n°pw

˛ Km\w thtWm th≠tbm F∂-

Xn¬ A[ym-]-I¿ ]£w tNtc-≠-Xn-

√. Km\-߃ Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv.

AXn-\m¬ Ahsb ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp≠v

F∂ \ne-]m-SmWv th≠-Xv.

Imb-e-cn-IØv

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

P-\-Io-b-tam tI-c-fo-b-tam A-√m-Ø Km-

\-N-cn-X-sØ am-‰n-∏-Wn-bp-I-bm-Wv \o-

e-°p-bn-en-eq-sS (1954) sI cm-L-h-\pw

]n `m-kv-I-c-\pw sN-bv-X-Xv. \o-e-°p-bn-

en-se Km-\-߃ hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b-Xv ]-

e Im-c-W-ß-fm-em-Wv. Pm-Xn-a-X ]m-tZ-

in-It -Z-sa-t\y F-√m a-e-bm-fn-Iƒ-°pw

G-‰p-]m-Sm≥ I-gn-bp-∂ Km-\-߃ A-Xn-

\p-ap-ºp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. im-kv-Xo-b-kw-

Ko-Xw ]Tn-®-h¿-t° AXn-\p-apºv kn\n-

a-bn¬ ]m-Sm≥ I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q.

]n.`m-kv-I-c-s‚ tI-c-fo-b-X \n-d-™p-Xp-

fp -ºp -∂ e-fn -X -h -cn -Iƒ-°v

Im-b-e-cn-I-Øv F∂ ]m- v sIm-®n-bn-seA-–p¬-Jm-Z-sd-s°m-≠v ]m-Sn-°-W-sa-∂p Xo-cp-am-\n-®p. lm-Pn F-∂m-W-bm-sf F-√m-h-cpw hn-fn-°p-I. lm-Pn-°vRm≥ ]m- p ]Tn-∏n-®p sIm-Sp-Øp. A-bmƒ ]m-Sn. im-co-cw th-≠-X I-\w t]m-c F-∂-sXm-gn-sI th-td Ip-g-∏-sam-∂p-an-√.

]-Xn-hp-t]m-se ssh-Ip-t∂-cw \n¿am-Xmhv Sn.sI. ]co-°p´n h-∂p. Im-cy-ß-fp-sS ]p-tcm-K-Xn hn-e-bn-cp-Øn. F-√m-h-cpw h- -an- n-cp-∂p. lm-Pn ]m-Sn-Øp-S-ßn. c-≠p h-cn ]m-Sn-t°- -t∏mƒ Sn.sI.]p-d-Øn-d-ßn. F-\n-°v F-t¥m ]-¥n-tI-Sp tXm-∂n. ]m- v A-h-km-\n-®-t∏mƒ F-s∂ ]p-d-tØ-°v hn-fn-®v Sn.sI. ]-d-™p: "Cu ]m- v lm-Pn ]m-Sn-bm¬ i-cn-bm-hn-√. cm-L-h≥-am-jp-X-s∂ ]m-S-Ww."

`m-kv-I-c≥ ]-d-™p:

"]-°-ta-f-tØm-sS lm-Pn ]m-Sp-tºmƒi-cn-bm-Ipw."

Sn.sI. ]-d-™p:

"F-t¥m, F-\n-°p tXm-∂p-∂n-√."

kn-\n-am-kw-_-‘-am-b F-√m tPm-en-I-fpw ]q¿-Øn-bm-bn. sd-t°m-Un-ßn-\v a-Zn-cm-in-bn-se hm-ln-\n-bn-se-Øn. lm-Pn-sb-bpw sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. A-∂vC-∂-sØ-t∏m-se sd-t°m-Un-ßv C-X-a-Wn-h-sc-sb-∂p -hy-h-ÿ-bn-√. Xo-cp-

100 lb¿ sk°‚dn

thm-fw F-∂m-Wv. cm-Xn-bpw sd-t°m-Un-ßv D-≠v. C-∂-sØ ku-I-cy-hp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ayw sN-øm-t\ B-hn-√. cm-Xn H-cp a-Wn B-bn- p-≠m-hpw. Im-b-e-cn-I-Øv ]m-Sm≥ ]-°-ta-fw sd-Un. ]m-Sm≥ lm-Pn-sb Rm≥ hn-fn-®p. D-S-s\Sn.sI. ]-d-™p: "th-≠. Cu ]m- v am-jp-X-s∂ ]m-S-Ww."

Sn.sI.bv-°p h-g-ßp-I-b-√m-sX R-߃-°v a-s‰m-∂pw sN-øm≥ h-ømbn-cp-∂p.]-tXy-I X-øm-sd-Sp-∏n-√m-sX H-‰ tS-°n¬Rm≥ ]m-Sn. Sn.sI.bv-°p k-t¥m-j-am-bn.kn-\n-a ]p-d-Øp-h-∂p. B \-√ a-\p-jy≥ ]-h-Nn-®-Xp-t]m-se ]m- v ln-‰m-bn.B ]m- v F-\n-°p Po-hn-X-]m-X-bn¬ Np-h-∏p ]-c-h-Xm-\n hn-cn-®pX-∂p. A-t∂m-fw tI- n- n-√m-Ø Cu-Ww P-\-߃-°n-„-am-bn. B ]m- v F-\n-°p h-®p-\o- n-bku- m-Kyw sN-dp-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√.

(a[p-cao PohnXw ˛ sI. cmL-h≥)

`m-hm-\p-tbm-Py-am-b kw-Ko-Xw cm-L-h≥

am-ÿ \¬-In. a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS N-cn-X-

Øn-em-Zy-am-bn km-[m-c-W-°m-c-\v Io¿-

Ø-\-߃-°pw C-Xn-lm-k Im-hy-߃-

°pw I-Y-I-fn-]-Z-߃-°pw k-¶o¿-Ø-\-

߃-°pw \m-S≥-]m-´p-Iƒ-°p-a-∏p-d-Øv

kz-¥-am-bn ]m-Sm≥ Cu-c-Sn-Iƒ e- n-®-

Xv \o-e-°p-bn-en-eq-sS-bm-Wv. a-X-\n-c-t]-

£-am-b Cu Km-\-kw-kv-Im-cw Xp-S¿-∂p-

≈ G-Xm-\pw ]-Xn-‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ X-g-®p-

hf¿∂p.

cm-L-h≥-am-ÿ X-s∂ ]m-Sn-b "Im-b-

e-cn-I-Øv h-e-sb-dn-™-t∏mƒ' F-∂ am-

∏n-f-∏m-´pw A-Xn-s‚ Zr-iy-h¬-°-c-W-

hpw A-Xn-t\m-Sp-≈ A-∂-sØ k-aq-l-

Øn-s‚ ]-Xn-I-c-W-hpw \-thm-∞m-\-

Øn-eq-sS D-b¿-∂p-h-∂ a-X-\n-c-t]-£

kw-kv-Im-c-Øn-\v D-Pz-e Zr-„m-¥-ß-fm-

Wv. sam-bv-Xp F-∂ ]p-tcm-K-a-\ a-\-p-

≈ ao≥-]n-Sp-Ø-°m-c≥ Nm-b-°-S-bn¬

h-®v ]m-Spw-a-´n-em-Wn-Xn-s‚ Nn-Xo-I-c-

Ww. a-X-\n-c-t]-£ P-\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s‚

A-hn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-b s]m-Xp-a-fi-e-

Øn-s‚ ]-Xn-\n-[m-\-am-Wv B Nm-b-°S.

a-e-bm-f-Øn-se e-fn-X-Km-\-im-J-bv-°v

Xp-S-°w Ip-dn-®-h-sb-∂ ]-tXy-I-X-bpw

\o-e-°p-bn-en-se Km-\-߃-°p-≠v. h-tc-

Wy-hn-`m-K-Øn-s‚ kw-Ko-X-am-bn-cp-∂

im-kv-Xo-b kw-Ko-X-Øn-\m-bn-cp-∂p A-

Xp-h-sc ]m-ap-Jyw. \-thm-∞m-\-Im-e-Øv

Po-hn-Xw kp-J-I-c-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ I-e-bv-

°p-≈ ]-¶v k-aq-lw Xn-cn-®-dn-™p. A-

[x-ÿn-X-sc-∂v I-W-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂-h¿

]m-Sn-bn-cp-∂ \m-S≥-]m-´p-I-sf tæ-—-am-

bm-Wv _m-“-W-cpw a-‰pw I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-

∂-Xv. A-Ø-cw ]m- p-I-sf-bm-Wv cm-L-

h≥-am-ÿ kn-\n-a-bn-te-°v Iq-´n-s°m-

≠p-h-∂-Xv. \m-S-s\-∂v X-≈n-°-f-™-h

A-aq-ey-\n-[n-I-fm-sW-∂v A-t±-lw sX-

fn-bn-®p. F-√m P-\-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sS-bpw

kw- m-j-W- m-j-bn¬ Km-\-ap-≠m-°p-I-

bpw am-∏n-f-∏m- n-\pw \m-S≥-]m- n-\pw Im-

hy-a-fi-]-Øn¬ I-b-dn-h-cm≥ A-h-k-

cw \¬-Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv a-l-Øm-b

Im-cy-am-hp-∂-Xv A-∂-sØ k-µ¿- -Øn-

s‚ k-hn-ti-j-X sIm-≠m-sW-∂ ]p-

Xp-t»-cn cm-a-N-µ-s‚ \n-co-£-Ww

it≤-b-am-Wv.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 101

N¿® sNøp-I

Imb-e-cn-IØv F∂ Km\-Øn¬ sXfn-

bp∂ `mhw, AXnse _nw_-I-ev]-\-

Iƒ, CuW-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

F∂nh Xncn -® -dn -bp -∂-Xn -\p≈

]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv. \oe-°p-bn¬ F∂

NnX-Ønse ]i-kvX-amb Cu Km\-

Øns‚ X\n-abpw ae-bmf kn\n-am-

Km\Ncn-X-Øn¬ AXn-\p≈ ]m[m-

\yhpw a\-n -em -°m≥ Cu

]h¿Ø\w hgn km[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Km\-Øn¬ hcn-Iƒs°∂ t]msetbm

AXn-e-[n-Itam ]m[m\yw kwKo-X-Øn-

\p -≠v. A°m-cy -Øn\pw th≠X

]m[m\yw \¬In-bm-IWw ]h¿Ø-

\w.

Imb-e-cn-IØv F∂ Km\-cw-K-Øns‚

Bh¿Øn-®p≈ ImgvNbv°v Ah-k-c-

sam-cp-°-Ww. Km\-Ønse apJy-amb

`mhw Ip´n-Iƒ Xs∂ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ Km\-Øns‚ apJy- mhw F¥mWv?

$ Fß-s\-bmWv A°mcyw Xncn-®-

dnbm≥ Ignbp-∂Xv?

$ GsXms° hcn-I-fnemWv Cu mhw

]I-S-amIp-∂Xv?

$ CuW-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

Fs¥ms°?

XpS-ßnb efn-X-amb tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS

C°mcyw Is≠-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv.

]W-b-amWv Cu Km\-Ønse apJy-

amb mhw. F∂m¬ AXv _me-N-µ≥

Np≈n-°m-Sns‚ "kµ¿i\w' F∂ Ihn-

X-bnteXpt]msebmtWm? ]W-b-

sa∂ Bibw Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øn-

bm¬ "kµ¿i-\-'hp-ambn Hcp Xmc-

Xayw \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

kµ¿i-\-Øn-te°v

$ Xoh-]-W-bw

$ ]W-bn-Xm-°-fpsS th¿]n-cn -b-

ens‚ thZ\

$ \ne-\n¬∏v Xs∂ ]W-b-Øn-

emW.v

$ AXy¥w Imev]-\n-I-amb Bhn-

jvImcw

$ Imhym-fl-I-amb _nw_-߃

F∂m¬ "Imb-e-cn-I'-Ønse ]W-b-

""a‰m¿°pw BhmØ hn[-Øn¬ ]mh-s∏- -h-cpsS A\p-cm-Khpw IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS tIm[hpw A[zm-\-io-e-cpsS \¿Ωhpw `mkvI-c≥ amjvhmMva-b-am-°n. "s]Æp-sI- n\v Ipdn-sb-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Hcp \dp-°n\v tN¿°tW"F∂Xv ]tbm-P-\-an-√mØ tPmenF∂¿∞w hcp∂ Hcp sNm-√m-Wv.aÆv s]m∂m-°p∂ CØcw FXtbm\mS≥ ]tbm-K-߃. Icn-°- sb hP-am-°p∂ Cµ-Pmew. \m´p a\p-jy-cpsS]mbmcw ]d-®n¬....... sIm≠p-h-cp∂hnZy Bcpw sNbvXn- n-√. AXn¬ hnP-bn-®n- p-an-√. C]-Imcw Ne-®nX Km\-im-Jbv°v tZi-Øn-t‚-Xmb ASn-Ø-dbpw \mS≥ hymI-c-Whpw \n¿Ωn-®Xv`mkvI-c≥ amjm-Wv. Imb-tem-fw-t]mse B cN-\-I-fn¬ \mtSmSnCuWw Xpfp-ºn

s]m^. Fw.F≥ hnP-b≥ ˛

(Zqc-°m-gvN-Iƒ ]n. mkvI-c≥ kwKo-

X-kvar-Xn-Iƒ)

102 lb¿ sk°‚dn

k-¶ev]w CXn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-

ambn Fß-s\-sbms° Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-

∂p?

$ \mS≥a- n-ep≈ Xpd∂p]d-®n¬

$ \nd™ \¿Ωw

$ AIm-ev]-\n-I-amb Iev]-\-Iƒ.

$ am∏n-f-∏m- ns‚ CuWw

$ \mS≥ ]tbm-K-ßfpw ssien-Ifpw

Xmc-X-ay-Øn-eqsS Imb-e-cn-IØv F∂

Km\Ønse `mhhpw AXns‚ Bhn-

jvImc khn-ti-j-Xbpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥

Ign-bpw.

Km\-Ønse _nw_-I-ev]-\-I-ƒ Xncn-

®-dnbm≥ Nne ]tbm-K-߃ i≤-

bn¬s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ Ipdn-sb-Sp-°p-tºmƒ \dp-°n\p

tN¿°m-\p≈ At]£

$ Ic-fns‚ Dcp-fn-bnse FÆ Im®¬

$ Ib-dp-s]m- nb ]ºcw

$ tNdn¬\n∂v hf¿∂ lqdn

$ Rc-ºp-Iƒ Isºm-Sn™ ioe-°p-

S-bpsS Iºn-t]mse

$ Fcnbpw shbn -eØv Ibnepw

IpØn \S-°pI

CØcw ]tbm-K-ß-fpsS `wKnbpw

HuNn-Xyhpw N¿® sNø-s´. Ah-bpsS

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ \mtSmSn Pohn-X-Øns‚ `mKw

$ \nXy-Po-hn-Xm-\p- -h-ß-fpsS IÆmSn

$ kmln-Xy-`m-j-bpsS t_m[-]q¿∆-

amb \ncmkw

BZy -Imekn\na kwKoX\mSIwt]msebmbn-cp-∂p. ]m´p-I-fpsS B[n-Iy-Øn¬ Cu kam-\X ]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy-i_vZ kn\n-a-bmb _me-\n¬ 23 ]m´p-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p (1938) ]Àm-Z-\n¬ 24 Dw ⁄m-\mw-_nI (1940) bn¬ 14 Dw. Nne BZy-Ime kn\n -a -I -fn¬ ap∏tXm\m¬∏tXm hsc ]m´p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 1950 apX¬ kn\n-a-I-fn¬ ]m´ns‚]m[m\yw Ipd™v IqSp-X¬ kw`m-jWm-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn. BZy-Ime \So-\-S-∑m-cn¬ IqSp-X¬t]cpw XymK-cm-P- m-K-h-X-sc-t∏mse ]mSp∂ A`n-t\-Xm-°ƒ Bbn-cp-∂p.

an°-hmdpw BZy-Ime ae-bmf \n\n-a-Iƒ°v auenI kwKoXw C√m-bn-cp-∂p.Ah-bnse ]m´p-Iƒ lnµn, Xan-gv,sXep¶v, I∂S kn\na-I-fnse ]m´p-I-fpsS A\p-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. _me-\nse "PmX-I-tZm-jØmtem' F∂]m´v (\mbn-I-bmb Fw.sI. Iaew]mSnbXv) A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ "tXbn-e-tØm-´-Ønse' F∂ Xangv kn\n-a-bnse \mS≥]m´m-Wv.

ae-bm-f-\m-S-I-cw-KsØ AXn-Im-b-\mb sk_m-Ãy≥ Ip™pIp™p`mh-K-h-X¿ "PvRm\m-w_nI'bn¬ \S-\mbpw Kmb-I-\mbpw Xs‚ ]¶v\n¿h-ln-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ "IY-bnXvtIƒ°mw kl-Ptc' F∂ ]m´ns‚]tNm-Z-\w kvSo‰v knwK¿ (1938) F∂kn\n -a -bn¬ ]ivkX Kmb-I≥sI.F¬.-ssk-Kmfpw I\≥tZ-hnbpwtN¿∂v ]mSnb lnµn-bn-ep≈ "KpwKpcphm _mtP' F∂ ]m´m-bn-cp-∂p.1950¬ ]pd-Øp-h∂ \√-X-¶, kvXo,iin-[-c≥ F∂o kn\n-a-I-fnse an°

BZy-Ime ae-bmf kn\n-am-Km-\-߃

So®¿ sSIvÃv 103

$ \¿Ωw

$ ap…ow Pohn-X-]-›m-Øew

$ km[m-cW a\p-jys‚ lrZ-b-hn-Im-

c-ß-fpsS ]I-S\w

Fß-s\-bmWv Ch Hmtcm∂pw Kmao-

W-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Nqcpw NqSpw D≈-Xm-

hp-∂-sX∂pw Ah-bn¬ \ng-en-°p-∂Xv

\¿Ω-amtWm F∂pw hni-I-e\w

sNøp-I. XpS¿∂v Km\-Øns‚ CuW-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®-bm-hmw.

ae-_m¿ ]tZ-iØv amXw ]Nm-c-ap-

≠m-bn-cp∂ am∏n-f-∏m v F∂ Km\-im-

Jbv°v tIc-f -ØnemsI ]Nmcw

\¬In-b-Xns‚ ]m[m\yw hni-Z-am-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v. ]n. mkvI-c≥ Fgp-Xnb am∏n-

f-∏m- p-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Fw.F≥.-Im-c-t»-

cn -bpsS ]T-\-Ønse Bi-b-߃

]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

s]mXpN¿®-Iƒ°ptijw Imb-e-cn-

IØv F∂ Km\-Øn\v Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-

°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°mw.

N¿®

Km\-Zriy-Øn¬ sXfn-bp∂

kmaq-ln-Im-¥-co£w

Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ßsf Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI

tcJbmtbm DXv]-∂-amtbm I≠p-sIm-

≠p-thWw Cu ]h¿Ø\w \SØm≥.

IYm-k-µ¿`-hp-ambn H´n-\n¬°p-∂-

XmWv Ne-®n-X-Km-\-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ Km\-

Nn-Xo-I-c-Whpw ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-t°-≠-

Xp-≠v.

]g-b-Ime Ne-®n-X-ß-fnse Nne Km\-

Km\-ßfpw lnµn CuW-ß-fpsS A\p-I-c -W-ß-fm -bn -cp -∂p. hgn -Øn -cn -sh∂pw BZysØ kq∏¿ lns‰∂pwhnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏´ Pohn-X-\uI Atß-b‰w kwKoX \mSI ssien-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Cu NnX-Øn¬ sal-_q_v]mSnb "AIse Bcpw ssIhnSpw'F∂ ]m´v Zpemcn (1949) F∂ kn\n-a-bn¬ apl-ΩZv dm^n ]mSnb "kplm\ncmXv [n¬ NqIn' F∂ Km\-Øns‚A\p-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1951¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb "\h-temIw' F∂ k\n-a-bn¬]n. eoe ]mSnb " KmbnIm KmbIm'F∂ ]m´v al¬ (1949) F∂ lnµnkn\n-a-bnse kq∏¿ln‰v Km\-amb"BtbKm BtbKm Bt\-hme' F∂Km\-Øns‚ CuW-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.

cw-K-ß-fpsSbpw A`n-\b aplq¿Ø-ß-

fp-sSbpw hoUntbm ¢n∏nw-Kp-Iƒ Im´n-

s°m≠v ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°v IS-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

DZm: ama-e-Iƒ°-∏p-dØv......

(\nW-a-Wn™ Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ),

s]cn-bm-td....s]cn-bmtd (`mcy),

Im‰-Sn®p sImSpw Im‰-Sn®p..(Xpem- m-cw)

$ cwK-Nn-Xo-I-c-W-Ønse khn-ti-j-

X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

$ IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS A`n-\-b-co-Xn-

bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ F¥mWv?

$ IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS hkvXw, Ne-\-

co-Xn, ]›m-Øew F∂nh F]-

Im-c-amWv?

104 lb¿ sk°‚dn

N¿®-bn-eqsS e`n-°m-hp∂ Bi-b-

߃:

$ ]m v NnXo-I-cWw kn\n-am-Nn-X-W-

Øns‚ kz`m-hn-I- m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p.

$ ][m-\-ambpw ÃpUn-tbm-Iƒ°v

AI-Øp-≈ NnXo-I-cWw

$ IrXn-a-amb sk‰p-Iƒ

$ Iymad IqSp -X¬ Nen -∏n -°m -

sXbp≈ NnXo-I-cWw

$ hnIm-c-ßsf ]I-S-ambn Xncn-®-dn-

bm≥ Ign-bp∂ XcØn-ep≈ A`n-

\bcoXn

$ AXn-\m-S-Io-bX

CuW-Ønse A\p-I-cWw t_m[y-s∏-

Sp-Øm≥ kam-\-X-bp≈ Nne CuW-

߃ tIƒ∏n-°p-Itbm Ah-bpsS Km\-

Nn-Xo-I-c-W-߃ ImWn-°p-Itbm

sNøm-hp-∂-XmWv.

Imbn-e-cn-IØv F∂ Km\-Øn¬ sXfn-

bp∂ A°m-esØ tIc-fob kaq-ln-

Im-¥-co£w Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ \mS≥ Nmb-°S

$ ao≥]n-SpØw (he s\ø¬)

$ sh≈-sa -SpØp hcp∂ ap…nw

bphXn

$ ]m´n-se hcn-I-fnse tIc-fo-b-amb

kµ¿ -߃, ssien-Iƒ, ]tbm-K-

߃.

$ Nmb-°-S -bnse hyXy-kvX-a -X-

Øn¬s∏-´-h¿ XΩn-ep≈ CS-s]-S-

ep-Iƒ

Km\-Øn¬ sX-fn-bp∂ kmaq-ln-Ihpw

kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb apZ-I-sf-°p-dn®v

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°-s´.

Ne-®n-Xhpw Km\-ßfpw

kn\n-a-bn¬ Km\w Bh-iy-apt≠mF∂ tNmZy-Øn\v kn\n-a-bpsS Ncn-X-tØmfwXs∂ ]g-°-ap-≠v. IYm-]mXwAXp-hsc kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂i_vZ-Øn¬\n∂p hyXy -kvX-ambas‰mcp i_vZ-Øn¬ ]m´p-b-cp-∂-Xns‚ Xami C¥y≥ kn\n-am-\n-cq-]-I-\mb NnZm-\-µ-Zmkv Kp]vX Nq≠n-°m-´n -bn-´p-≠v. ]e kn\n-a-I-fnepwBJym-\-bp-‡n°v \nc-°p-∂-X√ Ah-bnse Km\-߃. IY-bpsS Hgp-°ns\XS--s∏-Sp -Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.(Talking about Films) F∂mepwC¥y≥ kn\na AXns‚ DZv -h-ImewapX¬°v Km\-ßsf IqsS Iq´n. lnµn-bnse BZysØ i_vZ-Nn-X-amb BewBc (1931) apX¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb F√mNnX-ß-fnepw ]m´p-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ kwkm-cn-°p∂ Ne-®n-X-amb _me-\nepw (1938)23 ]m´p-I-fp-≠v. ]mgvkn- -a-dmØ kwKo-X-\m-S-I-߃ kzm[o-\n-®-Xp-t]mseXangv kwKo-X-\m-SI ]mc-º-cy-Øn-emWv ae-bmf kn\n-a-bpsS ]nd-hn.sI.sI. Acq¿, Fw.sI. Ia-ew, amÿaZ-\-tKm-]m-e≥, sk_m-Ãy≥ Ip™p-Ip -™p-`m -K -h -X¿, koXm -e£vanXpSßnb Kmb-I-cm-bn-cp∂p ae-bm-f-Ønse BZy \So\S-∑m-cpw. ae-bmfkn\n-a-bpsS Ncn-X-Øn¬ G‰hpwIqSp-X¬ Km\-ß-fp-ambn ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb NnXw tZh-kp-µcn (1957) bmWv.Xn°p-dn»n Fgp-Xnb 25 ]m´p-Iƒ BNnX-Øn-ep-≠v.

1948 ¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂ tIcf Sm°o-kns‚ _m\-dn¬ ]pd-Øn-d -ßnb"\n¿Ωe'bmWv ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]n∂-Wn-Km-\-co-Xnsb ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv.AXp-hsc kn\n-a-I-fn¬ A`n-t\-Xm-°ƒ Iyma-dbv°p ap∂n¬\n∂v A`n-\-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 105

bqWn-‰ns‚ Ah-km-\- m-KØv \¬Inb

]h¿Ø-\hpw CtXm-sSm∏w \S-Øm-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

N¿®

Ne-®n-X-Km-\-߃ IÆns‚ Ie amX-

am-hp-I-bmtWm?

Ne®nX Km\߃ ImXns‚ Ie

F∂Xn¬ \n∂pw amdn IÆns‚ Ie-

bmbnØocp-I-bm-Wv. am[y-a-ß-fpsS

]cn -Wm-aw, kmt¶-XnIhnZy -bpsS

hf¿® F∂nh Cu am‰-Øns‚ Imc-

W-ß-fm-Wv.

$ Km\-c-N-\-bn¬Øs∂ h∂n-´p≈

am‰-Øns‚ Imc-W-߃.

$ NnXo-I-c-W-Ønse am‰-߃

$ Km\-߃ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xns‚ e£y-ß-fn-se-Xs∂ am‰w.

$ Be-]n-°p∂ coXn-I-fn¬ h∂n-

´p≈ am‰w

$

XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ Du∂n-bm-IWw

]h¿Ø\w \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

$ am‰-Øn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-W-

߃

$ AXn-eqsS sXfn-bp∂ kmwkvIm-

cn-amb am‰w

apX-em-b-h-bn-te-°mWv Bi-b-߃

tImUo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv.

tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb X\n-

asb ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ Ne-®n-X-Km-

\ -߃ ]Z¿in -∏n -®p -sIm≠v

]h¿Ø\w XpS-ßm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

bn-°p-Ibpw ]mSp-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]Xn-hv. ]n∂-Wn-Km-\-kw-hn-[m\w\ne-hn¬ h∂-tXm-sS-bmWv Ne-®n-X-Km-\-imJ kº-∂-ambn Xo¿∂-Xv.

IY ]d-b¬ coXn-bpsS Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hmØ `mK-ambn Km\-߃ Ne-®n-X-ß-fn¬ Ct∏mgpw XpS-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepwKm\-߃ Hgn-hm-°nb Ne-®n-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®p IqSn Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v._n.B¿. tNm]-bpsS Im¥≥ (1960)Km\-ß-fn-√mØ kn\n-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p.kwKo-XsØ BJym-\-Øn\p Imcy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sh-¶nepw kXy-Pn-Xvdmbv Km\-cw-K-߃ Xs‚ kn\n-a-I-fn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. F_n-cm-Pns‚ "\oX'n'bmWv Km\-ß-fn-√msX]pd-Øn-d-ßnb BZy ae-bm-f-Nn-Xw.

$ tIc-fo-b-X-bpsS apZ-Iƒ

$ \mtSmSn Km\-]m-c-ºcyw

$ Imhym-fl-I-amb hcn-Iƒ

$ Kmao-W-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kqN-\-Iƒ

$ Im¿jnI kar≤n

$ atX-X-c-amb Pohn-X-Øns‚ kqN-

\-Iƒ

$ kmaq-ln-I -am-‰-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ

F∂n-h-sb√mw ]I-S-ambn Xncn-®-dn-

bm≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

XpS¿∂v, "IÆns‚ Ie' bmbn-Øo¿∂

]pXn-b-Im-e Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ßfn¬

NneXv sXfn-hn\mbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ NSp-e-amb \rØ-tØmSpIqSnb

]pXnb ae-bmf Ne-®nXKm\-߃

106 lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ hntZ-i-ß-fnepw a‰pw NnXo-I-cn®

Km\-߃

$ CuW-Øn-\p -th≠n amX-ap≈

Km\-߃

$ dnbm-en‰n/ tÃPv tjmI-fn¬ Km\-

cw-K-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚

Zriy-߃

apX-em-bh ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

]I-S-amb am‰-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ip´n-I-

fpsS \nco-£-W߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

NnXo-I-cW coXn, thj-`q-jm-Zn-Iƒ,

kwKo-Xw, A`n-t\-Xm-°-fpsS Ne-\-co-

Xn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sbms° Xmc-X-ay-

s∏-Sp-Ø-s´. Ah-cpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ah-k-cw \¬I-Ww.

XpS¿∂v CØcw am‰-Øn-\p≈ Imc-W-

ßsf°pdn®v N¿®-sN-ømw.

$ kmt¶-XnIhnZy-bpsS hf¿®

$ A`n-cpNnhyXym-k-߃

$ kn\n-asb kw_-‘n®pw AXnse

]m´p-Isf kw_-‘n-®p-ap≈ ImgvN-

∏m-Sn-ep≈ am‰w.

$ ]e Xe-Øn-ep≈ A\p-I-c-W-߃

(hntZ-i, lnµn, Xan-gv NnX-ß-fp-

sS)

$ Km\-c-N-\sb kw_-‘n® ImgvN-

∏m-Snse am‰w

$ sSen-hn-js‚ ]Nmcw

XpS-ßnb kqN-I-ß-fn-eq-∂n-bm-hWw

N¿®.

am‰sØ Fßs\-bmWv t\m°n-°m-Wp-

∂Xv? GXp Xc-Øn-ep≈ Km\-ß-tfm-

SmWv Xm¬]cyw?

Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

bp‡n-k-l-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Hcp

kwhm-Z -Øn-te°v ]h¿Ø-\sØ

hf¿Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ kmaq-ln-I-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-

ambpw Cu am‰w Fs¥-¶nepw

]iv\-߃ krjvSn-°p-∂pt≠m?

$ kn\na F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øn\v Cu

am‰-߃ F¥v kw`m-h-\-bmWv

sNøp-∂Xv?

XpS-ßnb Btem-N-\-Ifpw kwhm-Z-

Øn¬ Db¿∂phc-Ww.

kn\n-abpw kaq-lhpw

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

P\-]nb kwkvIm-csØ \n¿h-Nn-°p-

∂-Xn\pw AXns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Isf

Cg-]n-cn®p Im´p-∂-Xn\pw hyXykvX-ß-

fmb Nn¥m-[m-c-Ifpw ]T-\-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw

kzoI-cn-°p∂ \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ hn`n-∂-ß-

fm-Wv. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-

Øn¬Øs∂ Iem-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fnepw

kmaq-lnI ˛ \c-hw-iimkvX-]-T-\-ß-

fnepw kwkvImc Nn¥-bnepw P\-]nb

kwkvIm -c -sa∂ Bibhpw cq]-

s∏´phcp-∂p-≠v. hyh-kmb hnπ-h-

Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS

^e-ambpw X\Xp (Folk) kwkvImcw,

htcWy (Elite) kwkvImcw F∂n-h-

bn¬\n∂v `n∂-amb kwkvIm-c-ambpw

s]mXp-t_m-[-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-

\p≈ cmjvSob ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚

^e-ambpw hn]Wnh¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂

kwkvIm-c-hp-am-bpsams° P\-]nb

kwkvIm-c-sa∂ Bi-bsØ hni-Zo-I-

cn-°p∂ Nn¥-I-∑m-cp-≠v.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 107

P\-]nb kwkvIm-c-Øns‚bpw Ie-I-

fp-sSbpw hnImkw ]mY-an-I-ambpw

_lp-P\w F∂ k¶ev]-\-Øns‚

cq]-s∏-Sen¬\n∂mWv Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv.

_lp-P-\-k-aqlw (Mass Society)

F∂ k¶ev]w cq]s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-I-s´,

apX-em-fn-Øw, \K-c-h-XvI-cWw, hyh-

kmbhXv°-cWw F∂n-hbv°v kam-

¥-c-am-bn´m-Wv. hen-sbmcp hn`mKw P\-

ß-fpsS kuµ-cym-\p- -h-ß-sfbpw mhp-

I-Xz-sØbpw krjvSn-°p-∂Xpw Xr]vXn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xpw _lp-P\kwkvIm-

chpw Ie-I-fp -amWv. sSen -hn -j≥

kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ hym]-\-Øn\pw

kzoIm-cy-Xbv°pw tij-amWv P\-]n-

b-kw-kvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-߃

hym]-I-am-b-Xv. kvt]m¿Svkv, kwKoXw,

Im¿´q¨ XpS-ßn-b-h sSen-hn-j-\n-

eqsS A]q¿∆-amw-hn[w P\-]n-b-am-hp-

Ibpw kmln-Xyhpw kn\n-abpw Cu

]pXn-b- am-[y-a-Øn-te°v BKn-cWw

sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. amX-a√,

\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ apgp-h≥ kmaq-ln-I,

kmwkvIm-cnI afi-e-ß-sfbpw cq]-

ß-sfbpw ]pXn-sbmcp ImgvNm-\p-`-h-

Øn -te°v ]cn -W-an -∏n -°m\pw

sSen-hnj\p Ign-™p. \mf-nXp-hsc

P\-]n-b-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ ]eXpw P\-]n-b-

am-Im≥ XpSßn. In°‰vIfn C¥y-bn¬

Hcp tZiob-Xbpw aXhpw hyh-km-b-

hp-am-bn- amdnbXv CXn-\p≈ DZm-l-c-

W-am-Wv.

P\-]n-b-X-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ Imgv∏m-Sp-I-

fn¬ Nn¥-I¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n-]m-bm-¥-

c-ap-≠v. Hcp]mSp-t]¿ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv,

Xcw-XmW krjvSn-Iƒ, P\-ß-fpsS

]oXn ]nSn-®p-]-‰m≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv,

P\-߃ Xs∂ Ah¿°p-th≠n cq]-

s∏-Sp-Øp∂ kwkvImcw F∂n-ß-s\.

D∂X kwkvImcw F∂ t]cn¬ \ne-

\n¬°p∂ apgp -h≥ kwkvIm -c -

߃°pw shfn-bn -ep-≈-hsb P\-

]nbkwkvImcw F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-h-

cp -≠v. P\-]nb kwkvIm -csØ

hn]Wn kwkvImcw F∂mWv Nne¿

A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚

D]-t`m-K-Øn-\mbn hn]Wn \n¿an-°p-

∂-XmWv Cu kwkvIm-cw. kmº-ØnI

em`w amX-amWv ChnsS aqey-\n¿W-

b-Øns‚ am\-Z-fiw. Cd-°p-aXn sNø-

s∏-Sp∂ ]m›m-Xy-kw-kvIm-c-sØ-

bmWv hn]Wn kwkvIm-c-ambn ]cn-K-

Wn-°p-∂-Xv. P\-ß-fn¬\n∂pw cq]-s∏-

Sp-∂-XmWv P\-]nb kwkvImcw F∂v

\n¿h-Nn-°p-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v.

a\p -jy≥ I≠p-]n -Sn -® -h-bn¬h®v

G‰hpw P\-k-Ω-Xn-bm¿Pn® kwkvIm-

c-cq-]-amWv kn\na F∂v sdbva≠v

hneywkv \nco-£n-°p-∂p-≠v. P\-k-Ω-

Xn-°p-th≠n kn\n-a-Iƒ kzoI-cn-

°p∂ X¥-ß-sfbpw Ah-bpsS ASn-

ÿm\ LS-\-sbbpw A]-K-Yn-°p∂

teJ-\-amWv H.sI tPmWn-bpsS "kn\n-

abpw kaq-l-hpw'. P\-]n-b-Xbpw I®-

hShnP-bhpw Dd-∏n-°m≥ kn\na D]-

tbm-Kn-°p∂ coXn-im-kvX-ß-sfbmWv

ChnsS hni-I-e\ hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-Xv.

P\-]nbkwkvIm-c-]-T-\-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm\ k¶¬]-\-ß-sf-Ø-s∂-bmWv

At±lw CXn-\mbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]mT- m-K-tØ°v

108 lb¿ sk°‚dn

]mT-`mKw Ip´n-Iƒ kqIvjva-ambn

hmbn®v Bi-b-hy-‡X t\tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

hmb-\bv°p apºmbn A[ym-]n-Ibv°v

Nne Imcy-߃ D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ kao-]Im-esØ G‰hpw P\-]n-b-

amb Ne-®n-X-߃ GsXm-s°-

bmWv?

Ip´n-Iƒ ]d™ Ne-®n-X-ß-fn¬ Nne-

Xns‚ t]cv A[ym -]nI ªm°v

t_m¿Un¬ Ipdn-°-s´.

Ah-bpsS ]tabw Ht∂m ct≠m

hmIy -ß-fn¬ Npcp -°n -∏ -d -bm≥

\n¿tZin-°mw. XpS¿∂v Nne tNmZy-

ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ N¿®.

$ ]ta-b-Øn¬/ Ah-X-c-W-co-Xn-bn¬

Bh¿Ø\w Dt≠m?

$ ap≥Im-esØ Ne-®n-X-ß-fp-ambn

GsX-¶nepw coXn -bn¬ kmay -

apt≠m?

$ Zriy-߃ kaq-l-Øn\v \¬Ip∂

ktµiw F¥mWv?

$ sX‰mb/ ]Xn-tem-a-Icamb am\-

kn-I- m-h-߃ krjvSn-°p∂ Zriy-

߃ Ah-bn¬ Dt≠m?

$ \ΩpsS kwkvIm-csØ/ kmaq-lnI-

aqey-ßsf GsX-¶nepw coXn-bn¬

Ah kzm[o-\n-°p-∂pt≠m?

$ hy‡n-sb-bmtWm kaq-l-sØ-

bmtWm AXn¬ ]m[m-\y-tØmsS

NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

$ bmYm¿∞y-hp-ambn Ahbv°v FX-

amXw _‘-ap≠v?

$ kvXoIsf CØcw kn\n-a-I-fn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?

$ km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-

ambn Cu kn\n-a-Iƒ GsX-¶nepw

hn[-Øn¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m?

$

$

Ip´n-Iƒ kzX¥-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

Cu L -Øn¬ N¿®-bpsS tImUo-I-

c -W-Øn\v ian -t°-≠-Xn -√. Nne

tNmZy-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn IqSp-X¬

Bib-hy-‡-X-bv°p-th≠n ]mT- mKw

hmbn-°-s´.

$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf kw_-‘n-

®p≈ Bt£-]-߃ Fs¥m-s°-

bmWv?

$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-

\-L-S-I-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

$ t]£-I-]oXn t\Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn

kzoI-cn-°p∂ D]m-[n-Iƒ Fs¥m-

s°-bmWv?

]mT`mK-Øns‚ kq£va-hm-b-\-bv°p-

tijw tNmZy-ßsf ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈

N¿®. ]mT-`m-KsØ ][m-\m-i-b-ß--

fpsS tImUo-I-c-W-hpw Bi-b-hy-

‡X Bh-iy-ap≈ `mK-ß-fpsS hni-

Zo-I-c-Whpw A[ym-]nI \S-tØ-≠-Xp-

≠v.

So®¿ sSIvÃv 109

]`m-j-Ww

kwL-Sn-∏n-°mw

P\-]nb kn\n-aIsf Ah-K-Wn-°p-I-

b-√, A]-K-Yn-°p-I-bmWv th≠Xv

F∂v teJ-I≥ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

P\-]nb kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

ssk≤m-¥n-I-amb ASn -Ø-d-bn -¬

\n∂p-sIm≠m-Wv. Iem-X-Øz-Nn-¥-I-

cn¬ ]ecpw D∂X Ie-bpsS ]£Øp

\n¬°p-Ibpw P\-]nb Ie-Isf \nc-

kn -°p -Ibpw F¥p-sIm≠v Ah

bYm¿∞-I-e-b√ F∂v hmZn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX-h-cm-Wv.

kn\n-a-bnepw Cu hn`-P\w ]k-‡-

am-Wv. DØ-a-amb Iem-kn-\n-a-I-sf∂pw

P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-sf∂pw D≈ th¿Xn-

cnhv kn\n-a-bpsS BZn-Imew apX¬°p-

Xs∂ \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. kn\n-asb Hcp

I®-hS Dev]-∂-ambn ImWp-Ibpw apS-

°p-ap-Xepw em`hpw In´p∂Xn-\p-th-≠n-

bp≈ tNcp-h-Iƒ btYjvSw IpØn-\n-

d-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvXv \n¿Ωn-°p∂

kn\na-I-fmWv P\-]n-b-sa∂ hn`m-K-

Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CØcw kn\n-a-I-fn¬

]ta-b-߃, ]m´pIƒ, \rØ-cw-K-߃

]Sp-Iq-‰≥ sk‰p-Iƒ, kwL´\cwK-

߃, ssewKn-Im-Xn-]-k-c-ap≈ Zriy-

߃ F∂n-h -sb√mw tNcpw -]Sn

tN¿°-s∏-Sp-∂p. AtX kabw kn\n-

asb ]pXnb \q‰m-≠ns‚ Iem-cq-]-ambn

amXw ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cp∂ kwhn-[m-b-I¿

hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw

k¶o¿Æ-amb ]iv\-ßsf Bg-Øn¬

hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ kn\n -a -Iƒ

krjvSn®p. Zriy-`m-j-bpsS k¿h-km-

[y -X -Ifpw ]tbm-P -\ -s∏-SpØn

\n¿Ωn® CØcw Iem-aq-ey-ap≈ NnX-

߃ henb N¿®-Iƒ°pw ]T-\-

߃°pw hnt[-b-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.

F∂m¬ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf kq£va-

ambn hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw Ah-bpsS

coXn-im-kvXsØ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m\pw

\√ kn\n-a-bpsS ]£-Øp-\n¬°p-∂-

h¿ ]e-t∏mgpw Xbm-dm-bn-√. Cu ]›m-

Ø-e-Øn-emWv P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf

A]-K-Yn-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂v teJ-I≥

A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf Ah-K-Wn-°p-

tºmƒ kw -hn-°p-∂Xv F¥mWv?

$ F¥n-\p -th-≠n-bmWv AØcw

kn\n-a-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]Tn-°p-∂Xv?

$ AXv hy‡n°p-th-≠n-bmtWm

kaq-l-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmtWm?

XpS-ßnb tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS ]h¿Ø-

\-Øn-te°v IS-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]mT- m-

K-Øp-\n∂v e`n® A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS

shfn-®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ ]Xn-I-cn-°-s´.

Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃ A[ym-]nI

tImUo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc≠ ][m\

A\p-`-h-߃.

$ kaq-l-Ønse ]_-e-amb Xmev]-

cy-ß-sf-bmWv P\-]nb kn\n-a-Iƒ

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

110 lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ Ah-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T\w kaq-l-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-Øns‚ `mK-

am-Wv.

$ Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ AS-°n-h®

tNmZ-\-Iƒ, BK-l-߃ F∂nh

CØcw hni-I-e-\-Øn-eqsS Is≠-

Øm≥ Ign-bpw.

$ Ah-bnse kaq-l-hn-cp-≤-amb kqN-

\-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw hymJym-\n-

°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv kmaq-ln-I-

amb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.

$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf A]-K-Yn-°p-

∂-Xn-eqsS Ah-bpsS hn]-W\

X¥ß-sf°p-dn®pw P\-]n-b-am-

°m≥ tN¿°p∂ tNcp-h-I-sf-°p-

dn®pw icn-bmb [mcW e`n-°p-

Ibpw AØcw kn\n-a-Isf hna¿i-

\m-fl-I-ambn ImWm≥ a‰p-≈-h-sc

klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

$ \√ kn\n-aI-fpsS Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-

te°v CØcw A]K-Y-\-߃

hy‡n-sbbpw kaq-l-sØbpw \bn-

°pw.

$

N¿®-I-fn-eqsS Dcp-Øn-cn™ Bi-b-

߃ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ

Xbm-dm -°p -Ibpw ]`m -j-W-߃

kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´.

Xmc-Xayw

]mT- m-K-Ønse Hcm-i-bsØ Imhy- m-

K-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøm\pw kmaq-

lnI Pohn-X-Ø-n¬ kn\na C∂v F]-

Im-c-amWv CS-s]-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv

F∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw BWv ]h¿Ø-

\w-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-`m-K-

Øn-s‚bpw Ihn-X-bp-sSbpw hni-I-e-

\hpw kn\na kaq-l-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ [mc-W-

Ifpw ]h¿Ø\w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

P\-]n-b-kn-\n-Isf hna¿i-\m-fl-I-

ambn t\m°n -°m-Wm≥ Cu

]h¿Ø\w klm-b-I-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

P\-]nb kn\n-a-Iƒ \n¿h-ln-°p∂

[¿asØ°pdn-®p≈ teJ-Is‚ \nco-

£-W-߃ ]mT- m-K-Øp-\n∂v Ip´n-Iƒ

Is≠-Ø-s´.

$ Ah kz]v\m-h-ÿ-bn-ep≈ BK-

l-ßsf bYm-X-Y-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-∂p.

$ t]£-I¿°v Pohn-X-Øn¬ km£m-

XvI-cn-°m-\m-ImØ A`n-em-j-ßsf

Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

$ Akm-[y-amb A`o-jvS-ßsf ]Xy-

£-s∏-SpØnØcp-∂p.

$ t]£-I-cpsS At_m-[-tNm-Z-\-

Isf D±o-]n-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ \ne-hn-ep≈ At_m-[-tNm-Z-\-Isf

[n°-cn-°m-\p≈ ssha-\-kysØ

At_m-[-]q¿h-ambn kn\n-a-I-fn-

eqsS km£m-XvI-cn®v t]£-Isc

Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v IhnX Bh¿Øn®p hmbn®v

][m-\m-i-b-߃ tImUo-I-cn-°-s´.

sh≈n-Øn-c-bnse \mb-I≥ [oc\pw

F¥pw t\cn-Sm≥ sIev]p-≈-h\pw

So®¿ sSIvÃv 111

Bbn-cn-°pw. A\o-Xn-I-tfmSpw sIm≈-

cp-Xm-bva-I-tfmSpw Abmƒ FXn-cn-Spw.

GXv ]Xn-k-‘n-I-sfbpw A]-I-S-ß-

sfbpw Abmƒ \njv]-bmkw adn-I-S-

°pw. GXv kmaq-lnI Xn∑-I-sfbpw

H‰bv°v FXn¿Øv tXm¬∏n-°pw. AXn-

km-l-kn-I\pw Akm-am-\y -I-cp-Ø\pw

Bbn-cn°pw. iXp-°sf hI-h-cp-Øm≥

\nan-j-t\-c-w aXn Abmƒ°v. kpµ-cn-

bmb \mbn-Isb ]W-bn-°p-Ibpw

F√m ]Xn-_-‘-ß-sfbpw XcWw

sNbvXv Ahsf kz¥-am-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw.

CØcw \mb-I-∑m-cmWv \ΩpsS P\-

]nb kn\n-aI-fn¬ D≈-Xv. Cu kn\n-

a-I-ƒ ImWm-s\-Øp∂ t]£-I¿ \mb-

I-\n-eqsS X\n°v sNøm≥ Ign-bmØ

Imcy-߃ as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ km£m-

XvI-cn-°p∂ Hcp am\-knI ]h¿Ø-

\-Øn -em -Wv. \mb-I-\n -eqsS

Xs‚Xs∂ D≈n-ep≈ BK-l-Øns‚

]q¿Øo-I-cWw \SØn Abmƒ

Xr]vX-\m-Ip-∂p. Cu hymP-kw-Xr-]vXn-

bn¬ Abmƒ ]c-am-\µw A\p- -hn-°p-

∂p.

kn\na hnPbw t\Sp-tºmƒ AXn-e- n-

\bn® Xmc-Øn\v hne IqSp -∂p.

Abmƒ IqSp-X¬ hne-]n-Sn® knwlm-

k\-Øn\v A¿l-\m-Ip∂p. kn\na

Xocp-∂-tXmsS ]mhw t]£-I≥ kmaq-

ln-I-amb Xn∑-I-fpsSbpw A\o-Xn-

bpsSbpw Nqj-W-Øn-s‚bpw Ccp- nepw

Itk-c-bpsS XWp-∏nepw Ah-ti-jn-

°p-∂p. kn\n-a-bpsS Cu I®-h-S-X¥w

Xncn-®-dn-bmØ t]£-I≥ ]c-am-\-µ-

c-k-Øn¬ BdmSp-∂p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-

cnepw A¿∏n-X-amb kmaq-lnI DØ-c-

hm-Zn-Xz-߃ \nd-th-‰m-sX, Be-ky-

Øn¬ kz¥w kpJ-t`mK-ß-fpsS

Itk-c-I-fn¬ Nm™n-cp∂v ho≠pw

ho≠pw CØcw kn\n-a-Iƒ I≠p-sIm-

≠n-cn -°p -∂p. Cu at\m-`m -hsØ

hna¿in-°p-I-bmWv ]n.]n. cma-N-µ≥

Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS.

Ihn-X-bnse Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-\p-

tijw kn\n-a-bpsS kmaq-lnI CS-s]-

S¬ km[y-X-I-sf-°p-dn®pw CØcw ]c-

am-\-µ-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-°p∂

]h-W-X-Isf kw_-‘n®pw D≈

]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ \SØ-s´.

A[ym-]n-I-bpsS tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬

D≠m-tI-≠-Xv.

$ kmaq-ln-I-amb ]iv\-ßsf kmaq-

ln-I-amb CS-s]-S¬sIm-≠p-am-Xta

adn -I -S -°m -\mhq F∂

bmYm¿YysØ CØcw kn\n-a-Iƒ

ka¿Y-ambn ad®phbv°p-∂p.

$ kmaq-lnI Xn∑-I-sf ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-

Øm≥ Ign-™n-´p -≈Xv Iq´mb

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fneq-sSbpw kmaq-

lnI kΩ¿±-ß-fn--eq-sSbpw BWv.

$ kaq-l-Øn-\p-]-Icw hy‡n-bn-eq-∂p-

Ibpw hymP-amb ]cn-lm-c-߃

krjvSn -°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ

kmaq-ln-I-Xn-∑-Iƒ adp-`m-KØv

i‡n-]m-]n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

$ hnP-b-io -em -fn -X-\mb \mb-I-

s\m∏w Xntb-‰-dn¬ XmZmflyw

]m]n®v kwXr-]vXn-b-S™ t]£-

I≥ Xntb-‰¿ hn´v Cu Xn∑-I-fp-

sSbpw A\o-Xn-I-fpsSbpw Nqj-W-

Øn-s‚bpw temI-tØ°v Xs∂-

112 lb¿ sk°‚dn

bmWv Xncn®p htc-≠Xv.

kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ kn\na ^e-

]-Z-ambn CS-s]-tS-≠-Xn-s\-°p-dn-

®p≈ N¿®bpw ChnsS \S-°-Ww.

$ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ kn\na

F]-Im-c-amWv CS-s]-tS-≠Xv?

$ kn\n -abv°v kaq -l-Øn¬

Fs¥¥p ZuXy-߃ \n¿h-ln-

°m≥ Ignbpw?

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠p∂ Bi-

b-߃.

$ \√ kn\n -a -Iƒ kmaq -lnI

bYm¿∞y-ßsf kXy-k-‘-ambpw

kqIvjva-ambpw ]I¿Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-

°pw.

$ \mw Pohn-°p∂ temI-Øn-se,

]Xy-£-Øn¬ \ΩpsS ImgvN-I-

fn¬ sXfn-bmØ ]iv\-ßsf Ah

aq¿Ø-ambn ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂p.

$ kmaq-ln-I-amb Po¿W-X-Iƒ°pw

A\o-Xn-Iƒ°pw Nqj-W-Øn-\p-

sam∂pw efn-X-amb ]cn-lm-c-ß-

fn√ F∂v Ah \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-

Sp-Øpw.

$ kmaq-lnI t_m[-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-

\p≈ D∂-X-amb Iem-kr-jvSn-

bmWv kn\n-a.

$ kaq -l-Øns‚ k¶o¿W-amb

]iv\-ßsf Kuc-h-tØmsS NnXo-

I-cn® IYm-Nn-X-ßfpw tUmIyp-

sa‚-dn-Ifpw kmaq-lnI am‰-Øn-

\p≈ Nme-I-i-‡n-bmbn Xo¿∂n-

´p-≠v.

kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkv°m-cn-I-hp-amb

hna¿i-\-Øn-\p≈ am[yaw IqSn-bmWv

kn\na F∂ Xncn-®-dn-thmsS ]h¿Ø-

\-Øn-eqsS e`n® Bi-b-ß-fp-]-tbm-

Kn®v Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw D]-\ym-k-ßfpw

Xbm-dm-°-s´.

hni-I-e\w

$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-

\ -L-S-I-߃ Fs¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-

bp-Ibpw Ah ]cn-Nn-X-amb kn\n-

a-I-fn¬ Fß-s\-bmWv ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂Xv F∂v a\-n-em-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI F∂XmWv ]h¿Ø-\-Øn-

eqsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ]mT-`mKw

hmbn-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn D∂-bn®

tNmZy -߃ ChnsS H∂p-IqSn

]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ hm¿∏v amXr-I-bn-ep≈ IYm-]m-X-

ß-fmWv kn\n-a-bn¬ F∂ A`n-

]mbsØ hni-I-e\w sNø-Ww.

P\-]n -b -kn -\n -I -fn¬ ÿncw

Bh¿Øn-°p∂ IYm-]m-X-L-S-\-

sb-°p-dn -®p≈ \nco-£-W-߃

\¬I-Ww.

$ ssS∏v CXn-hr-Ø-ß-fmWv P\-]nb

kn\na kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂-Xns‚

DZm-l-c-W-߃ \evI-Ww.

kn\n-a-bn¬ BXy-¥n-I-ambn 10 ]ta-

b-߃ amXta D≈q F∂ \nco-

£Ww ChnsS \evI-Ww.

ÿnc-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ ]Xn-]m-Z-\Øn\v

Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ \evIWw.

D∂-bn® tNmZy-ß--fp-sSbpw \evInb

hkvXp-X-I-fpsSbpw shfn-®-Øn¬ ]cn-

Nn-X-amb P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf hni-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 113

I-e\w sNbvXv \ncq-]-W-߃ Xbm-

dm-°-s´.

Ifhpt]mb ssk°nfpw

If-™p-t]mb Ime-L- hpw

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

Cu \q-‰m-≠n-s‚ B-Zy-Z-i-I-ß-fn¬ C-

‰-en-bn-se ]p-Xp-X-e-ap-d-bv-°v N-e-®n-X-

sa-∂m¬ A-ta-cn-°≥ kn-\n-a-sb-∂m-bn-

cp-∂p A¿-∞w. Zr-iy-ta-J-e-bn-ep-≈ A-

ta-cn-°≥ kz-[o-\w A-X-bv-°p hym-]-

I-hpw i-‡-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]-kn-≤ C-

‰m-en-b≥ kw-hn-[m-b-I-\m-b s^-U-dn-

t°m s^-√n-\n-bp-sS A-`n-]m-b-Øn¬

'A-ta-cn-°≥ Nn-X-߃-°v B-fp-I-sf

a-b-°m-\p-≈ I-gn-hv Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-cp-∂p.

`q-an-bn-se kz¿-K-sØ-bm-Wv A-h¿ kn-

\n-a-I-fn¬ B-h¿-Øn-®p Im-Wn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂-Xv. A-ta-cn-° F-∂ cm-Py-a-√m-

sX a-s‰m-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√ A-h-cp-sS kz¿-

Kw.'bm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn¬-\n-∂p ap-Jw Xn-

cn-®p \n¬-°m-\p-≈ A-Xn-i-‡-am-b

t]-c-W C-h Im-Wn-Iƒ-°p \¬-In-

s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. 1924 ap-X¬ `-c-Wm-[n-

Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂ ap-tm-fn-\n-bp-sS C-‰-

en-bn¬, N-e-®n-X-Im-c-∑m¿ h-en-b B-

Uw-_-c-tlm- -ep-I-fn¬ sk-‰n- m-Wv kn-

\n-a \n¿-Ωn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. N-e-®n-X-߃ Im-

Wn-®n-cp-∂ ap-dn-I-fn-se A-e-¶m-c-߃

Im-c-Ww 'sh-≈-sS-en-t^m¨ kn-\n-a-

Iƒ' F-∂m-Wv C-h A-dn-b-s∏- -Xv. kn-

\n-a-Iƒ ]q¿-Æ-am-bpw I¿-i-\-am-b

sk≥-k¿-jn-∏n-\p hn-t[-b-am-bn-cp-∂p.

bm-Ym¿-∞y-hp-am-bn _-‘-an-√m-Ø kn-

\n-a-Iƒ a-Sp-Ø H-cp-Iq- w kn-\n-am-\n-cq-

]-I-cp-sS `m-h-\-bn-epw N¿-®-bn-epw-Iq-

C-‰m-en-b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw 'C-‰-en-bp-sS kn-\n-am-N-cn-X-Øn-se kp-h¿-Æ-bp-Kw' F-∂m-Wv A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. s -©v kw-hn-[m-b-I-\m-b gm-Mv sd-\-b-dp-sS-bpw C-‰m-en-b-\m-b A-e-km≥-tUm ªm-sk-‰n-bp-sS-bpw N-e-®n-X-ß-fn¬, tem-I-kn-\n-a-sb F-‰-hp-a-[n-Iwkzm-[o-\n-® ]-ÿm-\-am-b \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚ ]q¿-h-e-£-W-߃ Im-Wmw. eq-jn-t\m hn-kv-tIm-≠n-bp-sS 'Hm-s-n-tbm¨' (1942/1943) B-Wv C-‰-en-bn-se B-Zy-sØ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãv Nn-Xw. Im≥ N-e-®n-tXm-’-h-Øn¬ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw t\-Sn-b, tdm-s_¿-t´m tdm-k-√n-\n kw-hn-[m-\w sN-bv-X tdmw, Hm-∏¨ kn-‰n (1945) -tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn \n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw H-cp ]-ÿm-\-sa-∂ \n-e-bn¬tem-I-i-≤ t\-Sn. hn-t‰m-dn-b sU kn-°-bp-sS ss_-kn-°nƒ Xo-hv-kv (1948)\n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚ e-£-W-߃ Ir-Xy-am-bn ]n-¥p-S¿-∂ hn-Jym-X-am-b N-e-®n-X-am-Wv. ss_-kn-°nƒ Xo-hv-kn-\pXn-c-°-Y-sb-gp-Xn-b sk-m¿ k-hm-‰n-\n-sb-bm-Wv \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚B-Zy-Im-e ssk-≤m-¥n-I-cn¬ H-cmƒ.eq-jn-t\m hn-kv-tIm-≠n kw-hn-[m-\wsN-bv-X, kn-kn-en-b≥ ao≥ ]n-Sn-Ø-°m-cp-sS I-Y ]-d-bp-∂ em sS-dm S-am,(1948) P¿-Ω-\n C-b¿ ko-tdm (1948), sUkn-°-bp-sS Dw-s_¿-t´m Un (1952), C¬sS-t‰m (1956) s -sU-dn-t°m s -√n-\n-bp-sS em kv-Sm-U (1954) Xp-S-ßn hn-t‰m-dn-tbm Xm-hn-bm-\n-bp-sS ]-tU ]-tUm¨ (1977) a-Øn-tbm Km-tcm-Wn-s‚ sKm-tam-dm (2008) h-sc \o-fp-∂hn-im-e-am-b N-cn-Xw C-‰m-en-b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-\p-≠v. tem-I-kn-\n-a-sbkzm-[o-\n-®-Xn¬ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚]-¶v X¿-°-an-√m-Ø-Xm-sW-¶n-epw k-am-

C-‰m-en-b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-hpw

kzm-[o-\-hpw

114 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Sn D-cp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂-Xm-Wv C-‰m-en-

b≥ \n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw. bp-≤-Øn-s‚ sI-

Sp-Xn-Iƒ _m-[n-® km-[m-c-W-a-\p-jy-sc

A-h-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ I-gn-bm-Ø N-e-®n-X-

߃ A-ta-cn-°≥ kn-\n-a-I-fp-sS A-º-

c-∏n-°p-∂ ]-In- n-epw X-I¿-∂ tdm-a≥

km-am-Py-Øn-s‚ ]- m-hw \n-d-™ `q-X-

Im-e-Øn-epw Ip-Sp-ßn-°n-S-∂ Im-e-Øv,

sX-cp-hn-te-°pw Xo-h-≠n-\n-e-b-ß-fn-te-

bv-°pw bp-≤-_m-c-°p-I-fn-te-bv-°pw C-

d-ßn-s®-√m-\pw A-hn-sS-\n-∂v b-Ym¿-∞

C-‰m-en-b≥ kn-\n-a-sb I-s≠-Sp-°m-\pw

'en-tbm temw-Km-\-n' F-∂ B-\p-Im-

en-Iw N-e-®n-X-kw-hn-[m-b-I-sc B-lzm-

\w sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p. c-≠mw tem-I-bp-≤-

Øn-s‚ A-h-km-\w C-‰-en ^m-kn-Ãp- -

c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s‚ sI- p-]m-Sp-I-fn¬-\n-∂p

ap-‡-am-b-t∏mƒ cm-„o-b-hpw km-º-

Øn-I-hpw km-aq-ln-I-hp-am-b bm-Ym¿-

∞y-ß-sf A-tX-]-Sn B-hn-jv-I-cn-°m-

\p-≈ B-K-lw ho-≠pw I-em-Im-c-∑m¿-

°n-S-bn¬ i-‡-am-bn. bm-Ym¿-∞y-tØm-

Sp-≈ A- n-\n-th-i-sØ ap-tm-fn-\n-bp-

sS `-c-W-Iq-Sw kw-i-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv

I-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. bp-≤w ^m-kn-k-Øn-s‚

N-c-Sp-I-sf s]m- n-®p-I-f-™-t∏mƒ C-‰m-

en-b≥ k-aq-l-Øn-s‚ hm-kv-X-hw \n-d-

™ ap-J-߃ N-e-®n-X-ß-fn¬ sX-fn-

™p. b-Ym-X-Y-am-b Nn-Xo-I-c-W-ß-fp-

sS c-≠m-a-sØ h-c-hv ]p-Xn-b dn-b-en-

kw (\n-tbm-dn-b-en-kw) F-∂ t]-cn-em-

Wv A-dn-b-s∏- -Xv. \n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãp-Iƒ

X-ß-fp-sS ]q¿-hn-I-tc-°mƒ km-aq-ln-

I hn-a¿-i-\-Øn-\p Iq-Sp-X¬ ]m-[m-\yw

\¬-In. bp-≤-Øn-s‚-bpw ]-Xn-tcm-[-Øn-

s‚-bpw A-\-¥-c-^-e-߃, Zm-cn-Zyw,

sXm-gn-en-√m-bv-a Xp-S-ßn-b-h N-e-®n-X-

ß-fn-se ]-ta-b-am-bn. tdm-a≥ ]m-c-º-

¥-c-am-bn, -©v \-h-X-cw-K-Øn-s‚-bpwt]m-f-≠n-se n-enw kv-Iq-fp-I-fp-sS-bpwkw-`m-h-\-Iƒ-Iq-Sn I-W-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p am-X-ta N-e-®n-X-ß-fn¬ bm-Ym¿-∞y-Øn-s‚ ]-cn-N-c-W-sØ i-cn-bm-bn hn-e-bn-cp-Øm≥ I-gn-bq F-∂v A-`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂ \n-cq-]-I-cpw D-≠v. b-Ym-X-Y-am-b Nn-Xo-I-c-W-߃ cm-P y-sØ tem-I-t]-£-I-cp-sS ap-∂n¬ Xm-gv-Øn-s°- p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠v 's]m-Xp-ÿ-e-Øv D-W-°m-\n -´ A-gp-°p-h-kv -X-߃'F-∂v Cu N-e-®n-X-߃-s°-Xn-scB-t£-]-߃ D-b¿-∂n- p-≠v.

C-¥y-bn¬ _n-a¬ tdm-bn-bn-epw (tZm_o-Km k-ao≥ - 1953) k-Xy-Pn-Øv dm-bn-bn-epw (]-tY¿ ]-©m-en ñ 1955) E-Xzn-IvL- -°n-s‚ kn-\n-a-I-fn-epw \n-tbm-dn-b-en-k-Øn-s‚ hy-‡-am-b kzm-[o-\w D-≠v. a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ \-h-dn-b-en-Ãp kn-\n-a-bv-°p Xp-S-°w Ip-dn-®-Xv ]n cma-Zm-kvkw-hn-[m-\w sN-bv-X \yq-kv t]-∏¿t_m-bv (1955) F-∂ kn-\n-a-bm-bn-cp-∂p.Im-e-Øn-\p ap≥-t] \-S-∂ H-cp-Iq- w hn-Zym¿-∞n-I-fp-sS kw-cw- -am-bn-cp-∂p CuN-e-®n-Xw.

cy-Øn-s‚-bpw A-ta-cn-°-bp-sS-bpw ]-In-

v H-gn-hm-°n ap-tm-fn-\n-bp-sS -c-W-Im-

e-Øv \n¿-Ωn-® Nn-X-߃, bp-≤m-\-¥-

c-Im-e-Øv ho-≠pw ]-cn-K-Wn-°-s∏- p. \m-

S-Io-b-X-bpw Zr-iy-߃-°v an-gn-th-Im≥

D-t±-in-®p-≈ B-Uw-_-c-ß-fpw H-gn-hm-

°-s∏- p. kn-\n-a-bv-°v Xn-c-°-Y-t]m-epw

B-h-iy-an-s√-∂pw km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚ H-

Øm-i-bn-√m-sX-X-s∂ N-e-®n-X-߃-°v

P-∑w \¬-Im-sa-∂pw Nn-e¿ sX-fn-bn-®p.

H- pw \m-S-Io-b-X C-√m-Ø, km-[m-c-W

So®¿ sSIvÃv 115

a-\p-jy-cp-sS km-[m-c-W Po-hn-X-kw- -h-

߃-°v \n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãp-Iƒ Du-∂¬

\¬-In. A-ta-cn-°≥ kn-\n-a-Iƒ s]m-

Xp-hm-bn Im-gv-N-h-®n-cp-∂ 'ip- m-¥w' F-

∂ k-¶¬-∏-sØ A-h¿ Xn-c-kv-I-cn-®p.

\n-tbm-dn-b-en-Ãp-I-fp-sS e-£yw km-aq-

ln-I-]-iv-\-ß-sf tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øp-I F-

∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√, a-dn-®v A-h-sb ]q¿-Æ-

am-bpw th-dn- -co-Xn-bn¬ A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-

I F-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

]-tXy-I-X-Iƒ

$ km-[m-c-W-a-\p-jy-cp-sS aq-ey-ß-fn¬

i-≤ ]-Xn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v P-\m-[n-]-Xy-

]-c-am-bn Xo¿-∂p.

$ k-lm-\p- q-Xn-°p ]m-[m-\yw \¬-In-

s°m-≠v G-I-]-£o-b-am-b [m¿-Ωn-

I-\n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf \n-c-kn-®p.

$ C-‰-en-bp-sS m-kn-Ãv q-X-Im-e-sØ-

bpw bp-≤w h-cp-Øn-h-® sI-Sp-Xn-I-

sf-bpw Ip-dn-®p-≈ t_m-[-ap-≠m-°n.

$ In-kv-Xy≥, -am¿-Iv-kn-b≥ am-\-hn-I-

X-bv-°v ]m-[m-\yw \¬-In

$ A-aq¿-Ø-am-b B-i-b-߃-°p ]-I-

cw hn-Im-c-߃-°p ]m-[m-\yw \¬-

In.

$ kp-L-Sn-X-am-b I-Y-Iƒ-°p ]-I-cw

kzm- m-hn-I-am-bn hn-I-kn-°p-∂ kw-

-h-߃-°p ]m-[m-\yw ssI-h-∂p.

$ B-Jym-\w h-f-®p-sI- pw B-Uw-_-

c-hp-an-√m-sX B-[m-c-Nn-X-ß-fn-te-

Xpt]m-se-bm-bn

$ Ãp-Un-tbm-Iƒ-°p-]-I-cw kzm- m-hn-

I-am-b ÿ-e-ß-fn¬h-®v Nn-Xo-I-c-

Ww \-S-Øn.

$ Xm-c-ß-sf H-gn-hm-°n km-[m-c-W-

°m¿ A- n-t\-Xm-°-fm-bn.

$ km-ln-Xy- m-j-bv-°p ]-I-cw kzm- m-

hn-I-am-b `m-jbn¬ kw- m-j-W-ß-

fm-bn.

$ Nn-X-k-∂n-th-iw, Om-bm-K-l-Ww,

]-Im-i-hn-\ym-kw F-∂n-h-bn-se-

√map≈ Ir-Xn-a-Xzw D-t]-£n-®p.

]mT- m-K-Øn-te°v

P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS s]mXp-kz- m-h-

ßsf kw_-‘n® [mc-W-I-fpsS

shfn-®-Øn¬ Iem-aq-ey-ap≈ kn\n-a-

Iƒ Fßs\ hyXy-kvX-am-Ip∂p F∂

Xncn -® -dn -hn -\mbn ss_kn-°n¬

Xohvkv F∂ NnX-Øn-te°v hcm-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

Ne-®nX ]Z¿i-\-Øn\papºmbn Nne

tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ P\-]nb kn\na-I-fpsS s]mXp-kz-

`m-h-ß-fmbn Xncn-®-dn™ hkvXp-

X-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

˛ ssS∏v CXn-hr-Ø-߃

˛ hm¿∏v amXr-I-bn-ep≈ IYm-]m-

X-߃

˛ ÿnc-ssi-en-bn-ep≈ ]Xn-]m-Z-

\-coXn

˛ hymP-amb ]cn-lm-c-߃

˛ kaq-l-Øn\p ]Icw hy‡n-bn¬

Du∂¬

˛ bYm¿∞yw ad-®p-hbv-°-s∏-Sp∂p

˛ Xmc-ß-fmb A`n-t\-Xm-°ƒ

116 lb¿ sk°‚dn

˛ ip -Ic-amb ]-cy-hkm\w

˛ t]£-Isc ckn-∏n -°p-∂-Xn-

\mbn ]m´pw \rØ-cw-K-ßfpw

$ CØcw LS-I-߃ ss_kn-°n¬

Xohvkv F∂ NnX-Øn¬ FX-

amXw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

$ P\-]nb kn\n-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-

ØmsX hn´p-I-f-bp∂ Fs¥ms°

LS-I-ß-fmWv Cu NnX-Øn¬

Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpI?

$ F¥p-sIm-≠mWv Cu NnXw Hcp

¢mknIv NnX-ambn hnti-jn-∏n-°-

s∏-Sp-∂Xv?

$

XpS¿∂v Ip´n-Iƒ Ne-®nXw ImW-s´.

]Z¿i-\-Øn-\p-tijw NnX-Øns‚

kq£va-amb hni-Zmw-i-ß-fn-te°v IS-

°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ tNmZy-߃ D∂-bn-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

$ Zmcn-Zy-Øns‚ Nn”-߃ kn\n-a-

bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Fß-s\-

sbm-s°-bmWv?

$ ssk°n-fp-am-bp≈ dn®n-bp-tSbpw

aI-s‚bpw _‘w hy‡-am-Ip-∂Xv

Ft∏m-sgm-s°-bmWv?

$ ssk°nƒ Is≠-Øm≥ dn®n kzoI-

cn-°p∂ am¿K-߃ Fs¥m-s°-

bmWv?

$ km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ XoIvjvW-amb

]iv\-ßsf \nkm-c-ambn ImWp∂

kaql-Øns‚ at\m-`m -hsØ

kwhn-[m-b-I≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv

Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv?

$ A—\pw aI\pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-

Øns‚ XohX hy‡-am-°p∂

Zriy-߃ GsXm-s°-bmWv?

$ NnX-Øn¬ \nßsf G‰hpw

kv]¿in® cwKw GXmWv? F¥p-

sIm-≠mWv?

N¿®-bn-eqsS NnX-Øns‚ tIµ-]-ta-

b-Øn-te°pw a‰p khn-ti-j-X-I-fn-

te°pw FØn-t®-cm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

XpS¿∂v NnXsØ kw_-‘n-°p∂

IqSp-X¬ hni-Zmw-i-߃°mbn If-hp-

t]mb ssk°nfpw Ign-™p-t]mb

Ime-L- hpw F∂ ]mT- mKw hmbn-°-

s´.

hni-I-e-\w

ss_kn°vƒ Xohvkv F∂ Ne-®n-X-

Øns‚ kq£va-amb hni-I-e\w Dt±-

in-®p≈ Cu ]h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ NnX-

Øns‚ ]tXy-IXI-fmbn FSp-Øp-Im-

-nb LS-I-ßsf ASpØp ]cn-N-b-s∏-

Sm≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ign-b-Ww.

\¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ kqN-\-I-fpsS shfn-

®-Øn¬ NnXsØ hni-I-e\w sNø-

s´. sNdp tNmZy-ß-fn-eqsS Hmtcm LS-

Ihpw Cg-]n-cn-°p∂ coXn kzoI-cn-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

1. Bƒ°q´w IYm-]m-Xsa∂ \ne-

bn¬

˛ Bƒ°q- sØ NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p∂

ko\p-Iƒ GsXm-s°-bmWv?

˛ hyXykvX kµ¿ -ß-fnse Bƒ°q-

´-Øns‚ kz`mhw GXp Xc-Øn-

emWv?

So®¿ sSIvÃv 117

.˛ dn®n-tbm-Sp≈ Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚

]Xn-I-cWw hyXykvX kµ¿ -ß-

fn¬ Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv?

˛ Bƒ°q-´-Øns‚ Bh¿Øn-®p≈

NnXo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS kwhn-[m-b-

I≥ hy‡-am-°m≥ ian-°p-∂-sX-

¥mWv?

˛ Bƒ°q- sØ Hcp IYm-]m-X-ambn

]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-

≠mWv?

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h

$ dn®n-bpsS ]iv\w H‰-s∏´ Hcp

hy‡n-bpsS ]iv\w amX-a-√.

$ kaq-l-Øn¬\n∂pw hy‡nsb

AS¿Øn-am-‰p∂ hmWn-Py-kn-\n-a-

bn¬\n∂p≈ ]I-S-amb hyXym-

kw.

$ Zcn - Z -cmb P\-k-©-b-Øns‚

]iv\-ß-fpsS `mKw Xs∂-bmWv

dn®n-bpsS ]iv\-ß-fpw.

$ kmaq-ln-I-amb Ah-ÿ-bpsS bYm-

X-Y-amb NnXo-I-c-W-amWv kwhn-

[m-b-Is‚ e£yw.

$ kn\n-asb Ne-\m-fl-Ihpw kPo-h-

hp-ambn \n¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ Bƒ°q- -

Øn\v apJy-ÿm-\-ap-≠v.

$ Bƒ°q- sØ BZyw apX¬ Ah-

km\w hsc H‰ `mh-Øn-e√ Im´n-

Ø-cp-∂-Xv. dn®n-tbmSv A\p-Xm-]-

ap≈ Hcp Bƒ°q-´sØ XpS-°-

Øn¬ ImWm-sa-¶nepw a‰p Nnte-

SØv dn®nsb ]cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw

a¿Zn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v Cu

Bƒ°q- w. n∂- m-h-߃ ]I-Sn-∏n-

°p∂ Hcp IYm-]m-X-Øns‚ khn-

ti-j-X-Iƒ Cu Bƒ°q-´-Øn¬

Is≠-Ømw.

2. ssk°nƒ \evIp∂ A¿Y-kq-N-

\-Iƒ

$ kn\n-a-bn¬ ssk°n¬ Hcp ]Xo-

I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-∂pt≠m?

$ ssk°n-fp-ambp≈ dn®n-bpsSbpw

IpSpw-_-Øns‚bpw _‘w FX-

amXw Xoh-amWv?

$ ssk°nfns‚ mK-߃ hnev°p∂

Xnc-t°-dnb sXcphv \¬Ip∂

kqN-\-Iƒ Fs¥-√m-amWv?

$ ssk°nƒ Fßs\ Pohn -X -

Øns‚Xs∂ \ne-\n-ev]ns‚ `mK-

am-Ip∂p?

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h:

$ ssk°nƒ kzmX-¥y-Øn-s‚bpw

hntam-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]Xo-I-sa-

t∂mWw ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ \ne-\n-

e v]ns‚Xs∂ ASn -ÿm\w

AXmWv?

$ km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ hml-\w.

$ ASnÿm-\ -h¿K-Øn¬\n∂p≈

A]-l-cn-°-epw AXn-\p-th-≠n-

bp≈ `m¥-amb Ae-®n-epw.

3. kn\n-a-bn¬ ]Xy-£-am-Ip∂

kmaq-ln-I-]-iv\-߃

$ Fs¥ms° kmaq-lnI ]iv\-ß-

fmWv NnXw D∂-bn--°p-∂Xv?

$ Ah Fß-s\-sbms° NnX-Øn¬

]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂p?

118 lb¿ sk°‚dn

$ Ah NnXo-I-cn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn®

ssien F]-Im-c-amWv?

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h:

$ sXmgn-en-√mbva

$ ZmcnZyw

$ \n-lm-b-cmb a\p-jy-cpsS ]iv\-

߃

$ Zmcn-Zyw a\p-jysc A‘-hn-izm-k-

ß-fn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p.

$ PohnXw Xs∂ ka-c-am-Ip∂ Ah-

ÿ.

$ Zmcn-ZysØ NqjWw sNøp∂

aXw-t]m-ep≈ ÿm]-\-߃

$

4. IpSpw_ _‘-߃°v \¬In-bn-

cn-°p∂ ]m[m\yw

$ dn®n-bpsS IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw kn\n-

a-bn¬ NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv

Fßs\?

$ IpSp-_-Po-hnX ]›m-Øew dn®n-

bpsS XI¿®sb sshIm-cn-I-ambn

i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂pt≠m?

$ dn®n ˛ `mcy ˛ aI≥ Ch¿ XΩn-

ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-_‘w NnXo-I-cn-

®n-cn-°p∂ Zriy-߃ \evIp∂

kqN-\-Iƒ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h.

$ ISpØ Zmcn-Zy-Ønepw sI´p-d-∏p≈

IpSpw-_w.

$ Pohn -°m-\mbn Ah¿°v

ssk°nƒt]mepw ]W-b-s∏-Sp-

tØ≠nhcp-∂p.

$ IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p∂

]pX-∏p -Iƒt]mepw dn®n -bpsS

tPmen -°p -th≠n ]Wbw

hbv°m≥ Xbm-dm-Ip∂ `mcy.

$ ssk°nƒ At\z -j-W-Øn¬

dn®nsb ]n¥p-S-cp∂ aI≥.

$ aIs\ ]pg-tbm-c-Øp-h®v ImWm-Xm-

Ip-tºmƒ dn®n-bpsS DXvI-WvT.

$ aI\v Ah≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ `£-

W-sa-¶nepw hmßn \¬Im≥ Xbm-

dm-hp∂ dn®n.

$ dn®nsb ImWm-Xm -hp -tºmƒ

Abmsf cmXn-bn¬ At\z-jn-s®-

Øp∂ `mcy.

$ `¿Øm-hn\v tPmen In´n-b-t∏mƒ

AXn-\m-bp≈ ]m¿Y\ \nd-th-

‰p∂ `mcy.

$ NnXm -¥y -Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw

ssIsIm¿Øp \S-°p∂ dn®nbpw

aI\pw.

CØcw Zriy-߃ dn®n-bpsS IpSpw-_-

_-‘-Øns‚ Bghpw Xoh-Xbpw

hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fnse CØcw

khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ Du∂n NnX-Øn\v

Hcp Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn∏v Xbm-dm-°-s´.

eLq]-\ymkw

ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°ƒ F∂ kn\n-

a-bpsS tIµ-]-ta-b-ambn teJ-I≥

\nco -£n -°p∂ ]Xymi F∂

Bibw NnX-Ønse hnhn[ Zriy-ß-

fn¬/kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Fßs\

Dƒt®¿∂n-cn-°p∂p F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 119

°p-I-bmWv ]h¿Ø-\--Øns‚ Dt±-iyw.

Ne-®n-X-Ønse ]m[m-\-s∏´ Nne

cwK-ß-fpsS hni-I-e -\ -Øn -eqsS

amXta Cu Bibw e`n-°p-I-bp-≈q.

ssk°nƒ tamjvSm°-fn¬ as‰-¥n-t\-

°m-fp-a-[nIw ][m-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv

NnXw apt∂m-´p-sh-bv°p∂ ]Xym-i-

bmWv F∂ teJ-Is‚ \nco-£Ww

NnX-Ønse kµ¿ -߃ ap≥\n¿Øn

hni-I-e\w sNøp-I-bmWv th≠-Xv.

$ ]Xymi F∂ Bibw NnXsØ

kw_-‘n®v Fß-s\-bmWv ][m-

\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv?

$ ]Xym-i-bpsS kqN-\-Iƒ ]I-S-am-

hp∂ Zriy-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

Ne-®nXw I≠ A\p- -h-Øns‚ shfn-

®-Øn¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS A`n-]m-

b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´.

hnt‰m-dnb Unko° ss_kn-°nƒ

Xohvkv F∂ ]tabw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-

Xp-Xs∂ ASn-ÿm-\-h¿§-Øns‚ Pohn-

XsØ bYmXYambn NXo-I-cn-°p-∂-

Xn\pwIqSn-bm-Wv. Ac-£n-X-amb Hcp

kaq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈,

\s√mcp \msf-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]Xym-

i-bmWv BXy-¥n-I-ambn kn\n-a-bpsS

]tabw. Cu ASn-ÿm\ Bibw Ip´n-

Iƒ°v e`n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-h:

$ NnXw Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv sXmgn-en-\p-

th≠n IqSn\n¬°p∂ P\-ß-fpsS

]Xo£ Im´n-s°m-≠mWv. hyXy-

kvX-sXm-gn -ep -Iƒ sNøp-∂-h¿

Xß-fpsS t]cv hnfn -°p-∂Xpw

ImØv £a-tbmsS \n¬°p-I-bm-

Wv. ssk°nƒ Ds≠-¶nte tPmen

D≈q F∂ taep-tZym-K-ÿs‚ ap∂-

dn-bn-∏n\v ssk°nƒ D≠v F∂p-

Xs∂ Abmƒ DØcw ]d-bp-∂p.-

Xs‚ ]Wbwh® ssk°nƒ Fß-

s\-bm -bmepw hos≠-Sp -°m≥

Ignbpw F∂ ]Xym-i-bmWv AXn-

\p-]n-d-In¬.

$ ]pX-∏p -Iƒ ]W-b-s∏-SpØn

ssk°nƒ ]W-b-∏o-Sn-I-bn¬ \n∂v

Xncn-s®-SpØv ]pd-tØ°v hcp∂

dn®n X\n°v e`n-°m≥ t]mIp∂

iº-f-sØ-°p-dn-®pw Hmh¿ ssSan-

s\-°p-dn®pw `mcy-tbmSv kt¥m-j-

tØmsS ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. \jvS-s∏-´p-

t]mbn F∂p Icp-Xp∂ PohnXw

Xncn -®p -]n -Sn -°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂

]Xym-i-bmWv At∏mƒ Ah-cn¬

sXfn™p \n¬°p-∂-Xv.

$ ssk°nƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°m≥ Ignbpw

F∂ ]Xym-i-bmWv AX-t\z-jn®v

sXcp -hp -I -fn -eqsS Ae-bm≥

dn®nsb t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

Zpcn-X-ß-fpsS temI-Øp-\n∂v ]Xo-

£m-\n¿`-c-amb Hcp Pohn-X-Øn-te-

°p≈ bmX-bpsS ]Xo -IamWv

ssk°nƒ. AXv ASn-ÿm\ h¿§-

Øns‚ hntam-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw kqN-\-

bm-Wv. ssk°nƒ A]-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xn-eqsS B hntam-N-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

kz]v\-ß-fmWv C√m-Xm-hpp -∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ dn®nbpw IpSpw-_hpw AXn¬

hne-]n®v Ccn-°p-I-b√ sNøp-∂Xv.

Abmƒ km[y-amb F√m hgn-I-fn-eq-

sSbpw Xs‚ ssk°nƒ Xnc-™p-t]m-

Ip-∂p. A]-l-cn-°-s∏´ ssk°nƒ

Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-am-Wv. \msf

AXv Is≠-Øp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw F∂

ssÿcyw Abm-fpsS apJ-Øp-≠v.

120 lb¿ sk°‚dn

ssItIm¿Øp \S-°p∂ aI-\n-te°v

B ]Xymi ]I-cp-∂n-S-ØmWv NnXw

Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv.

Is≠-Ønb Zriy-kq-N-\-Iƒ hymJym-

\n-®p-sIm≠v eLq]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-°-

s´.

D]-\ymkw

c≠p ]mT-`m-K-ß-sfbpw tN¿Øp-h®v

]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\pw c≠n¬\n∂pw

t\Snb Bi-b-ßsf ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn

]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pwth≠n-

bp≈ ]h¿Ø-\-am-Wn-Xv.

Ne-®n-X-Øns‚ ]Z¿i-\-Øn-\p-ap-

ºmbn tNmZn® tNmZy-߃ Bh¿Øn-

®p-sIm≠v ]h¿Ø\w Bcw- n-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

$ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fpsS CXn-

hrØw ssS∏v amXr-I-bn-ep-≈-

XmtWm?

$ kº-∂-cpsS / D]-cn-h¿§-Øns‚

Pohn-Xm-\p- -h-amtWm ]tabw?

$ ssewKn-I-Xbpw kwL-´-\-cw-K-

ßfpw A\m-h-iy-amb sshIm-cn-I-

Xbpw IpØn-\n-d® ]ta-b-amtWm?

$ IY ip`-]-cy-h-kmbn-bmtWm?

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h.

$ temI-kn -\n -a -bnse Xs∂

hnkvabam-bn-cp∂p A°m-e-Øv

ssk°nƒ tamjvSm -°ƒ.

Bh¿Ø\ hnc-k-amb ]ta-b-߃

amXw hmWn-Py-hnPbØn\mbn

apJy-[mcm kn\n-a-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®n-

cp∂ Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv bYm¿Y

PohnX ]cn-k-cØp-h®v km[m-c-W-

°m-cmb a\p-jy-cpsS PohnXw

Uko° ]ta-b-am-°p-∂-Xv.

$ Pohn-X-Øns‚ bYm-¿∞-amb Bhn-

jv°-cWw e£y-an-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-

Xs∂ AXp-hsc Iyma-d-bv°p-ap-

∂n¬ hcmØ km[m-c-W-a-\p-jysc

A`n-t\Xm-°-fmbn ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-

Ønbpw bYm¿∞-amb sXcp-hp-I-

fn¬ Xs∂ NnXo -I-cWw \S-

Ønbpw BWv ssk°n-ƒ tamjvSm-

°-ƒ kwhn-[mbI≥ Hcp°nbn-´p-

≈-Xv.

$ IYm]mX-߃ hm¿∏v amXr-I-bn¬

D≈-h-cmtWm?

$ \mb-I≥ ]Xn-\m-b-I≥ \mbnI

lmky-\-S≥ CXc ssS∏p-Iƒ

BtWm?

$ [oc\pw F¥pw sNøm≥ Icp-Øp-

≈-h\pw FX t]tcmSv thW-sa-

¶nepw FXn-cn´p Pbn-°m≥ Ign-bp-

∂-h\pw BtWm?

$ bmsXmcp sX‰pw sNømØ \∑-

bpsS Ah-Xm-c-]p-cp-j≥ BtWm?

$ dn®n-bpsS IYm-]mX khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Is≠-Øs´. Ah-

cpsS \nco-£-W-߃ tImUo-I-cn-

°-Ww. tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-

≠h.

˛ Zcn-Z≥

˛ \nlmb≥

˛ km[m-c-W-°m-c≥

˛ sXmgn-en-√msX Ae-bp-∂-h-cpsS

]Xn-\n[n

So®¿ sSIvÃv 121

˛ F√m-bn-SØpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥

$ P\-]n-b-kn-\n-a-bpsS ]Xn-]m-Z-\-

coXn

˛ AXn-ssh-Im-cnIw

˛ IrXnaw

˛ bYm¿∞y-Øn-\p-t\sc IÆ-Sbv-°p-

∂p.

˛ tN¿t°≠ tNcph-I-sf√mw

tN¿°p-∂p.

˛ ]pd-ta-bp≈ Imcy-߃ amXw ]d-

™p-t]m-Ip-∂p.

˛ hnt\m-Zn-∏n-°-emWv apJye£yw

ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fnse ]Xn-]m-

Z-\-co-Xn-bn-ep-≈ hyXym-k-߃ Ip´n-

Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h:

˛ bYm-X-Y-amb NnXo-I-c-W-coXn

˛ \ndw ]nSn-∏n® \pW-I-fn√

˛ XoIvjv -W-amb kmaq -ln -I -bm -

Ym¿∞yßsf AtX-]Sn

]I¿Øp∂ -coXn

˛ Du∂¬ kaq-l-Øn\v

˛ a\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-iv\-ß-fn-

te°v hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂p.

P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS coXn-bn¬

\n∂pw ss_ssk°nƒ Xohvkv Fßn-

s\-sb√mw hyXy-kvX-am-Ip∂p F∂v

Xncn-®-dn™v Hcp D]-\ymkw Xøm-dm-

°-s´.

ssI∏mSv

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

"]pg, IS-en¬ tNcp∂ Agn-ap-J-Xo-c-

Øn\v ]nd-In-embn HmcpPew Ibdn

\n¬°p∂ Imb-ep-I-tfmSp tN¿∂v

G‰n-d-°-ß-fn¬ ]pjvSn-]m-]n-°p∂

sNfn-]p-X™ NXp-∏p-I-fmWv ssI∏m-

Sp-\n-e-߃' ˛ hSt° ae-_m-dnse,

"ssI∏mSv' F∂v hnfn-®p-h-cp∂ ]tXy-

I-Xcw `qhn- m-K-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p-≈

_m_p Imº-Øns‚ tUmIyp-sa‚dn

Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-tØm-

sS-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ hm°p-Iƒ sIm≠√

Cu NnXw ssI∏mSv F¥mWv F∂v

\sΩ A\p-`-hn-∏n°p-∂-Xv. ssI∏mSv

\ne-ß-fpsS ssPh-]m

[m\ytØmsSm∏w AXv a\p-jys‚bpw

a‰ v Pohn -h¿§-ß-fp -sSbpw \ne-

\n¬∏n\p Xs∂ FX-amXw ][m-\-

s∏-´XmsW∂pw kq£-va-ambn Cu

NnXw \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øpw.

ssI∏m-Sp-Ifnse aÆns‚ khn-ti-j-

X-Ifpw Hmtcm EXp-hnepw B aÆn-\p-

h-∂p-tN-cp∂ am‰-ßfpw Xncn-®-dn-™p-

sIm-≠p≈ Irjn-co-Xn-I-fmWv ChnsS

]tbmKn-°p-∂Xv. Cu Irjn-co-Xn-bn¬

a\p-jy≥ amX-a√ `mK-`m-°mIp-∂Xv

F∂v \ap°v Ahn-iz-k\ob coXn-

bnemWv Cu NnXw Im´n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv.

ssI∏m-Sp-I-fnse Pe-Po-hnXhpw Ahn-

SsØ ]mWn-tem-Ihpw Atß-b‰w

kq£va-ambn NnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-

≠v. ]IrXn Hcp-°p∂ IoS-\n-b-¥-W-

kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ Xq°Wmw Ipcp-hn-

Ifpw a‰p sNdp-In-fn-Ifpw mK`m-°m-hp-

∂p. ssI∏mSp \ne-ß-fnse ssPh-ssh-

hn-[yhpw AXn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw

PohnX coXn-Ifpw ChnsS \sΩ Aº-

cn-∏n-°pw. s\¬hnØv ]mIp-∂-Xn-\mbn

122 lb¿ sk°‚dn

\new Hcp-°p-∂-Xp-ap-X¬ hnØnS¬,

Rmdp-I-fpsS ]me\w, IoS-\n-b-¥Ww

XpSßn s\√v sImøp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈

ssI∏m-Sp-I-fnse Irjn-co-Xn-bpsS

]tXy-IX B aÆn-t\mSp tN¿∂p-\n-

∂mWv Cu NnXw ]I¿Øp-∂-Xv.

ssI∏mSv Pohn-XsØ c≠p `mK-ß-

fmbn ]Ip-Øp-sIm-≠mWv NnXw Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ag-°mew s\¬Irjn-

°m-e-amWv ssI∏m-Sn\v. s\¬Irjn

Ign-bp-∂-tXmsS ssI∏mSv \ne-߃

as‰mcp coXn-bn¬ a\p-jy\pw a‰v Pohn-

h¿§-߃°pw Pohn-tXm-]m-[n-bm-Ip-

∂p. ssI∏m-Sp-I-fnse kar-≤-amb a’y-

k-ºØpw Ah Fßs\-bmWv ]Ir-

Xn-tbm-Sn-W-ßnb am¿§ßfn-eqsS a\p-

jys‚ Pohn-X-Øn\v klm-b-I-am-hp-∂-

sX∂pw NnXw Im´n -Ø-cp -∂p-≠v.

ao≥]n-Sn-ØØns‚ Kmao-W-amb coXn-

I-fpsS, X\-Xmb D]-I-c-W-ß-fpsS

A\p- hw NnXw ChnsS \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

ssI∏mSv \ne-ß-fn -te°v ]d-s∂-

Øp∂ sF_n-kv , ImS -s°m-°v,

aW¬t°m-gn, Fc-≠-Iƒ XpSßn

\mev]-Ø-t©mfw tZim-S-\-°n-fn-I-

fpsS IuXp-I-I-c-amb PohnX co-Xn-Ifpw

Cc-tX-S-ense sshNnXyhpw ASpØp

\n∂v NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂p≠v Chn-sS.

ssI∏mSv F∂ tUmIy-psa‚dn kn\na

kº-Zm -bn -I -amb ]cn -ÿnXn

tUmIypsa‚-dn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-

kvX-am-Ip∂ Hcp ][m\-Xew, DS-\ofw

AXv ]pe¿Øp∂ imkvXo-b-amb

kao-]-\-co-Xn-bm-Wv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb

\in-∏n-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ Bbp-[-am-°p-

∂Xv imkvX-Øns‚ hnIm-k-sØbpw

AXns‚ D]-I-c-W-ß-sfbpw AXv

apt∂m-´p-h-bv°p∂ hnI-k\ coXn-I-

sfbpw BWv. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb sshIm-

cn-I-ambn sI´n-∏p-W¿∂v amXw Cu

ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Isf hna¿in-°m≥ Ign-bn-

√. sshIm-cnI hnt£-m -ßfpw Bflo-

b-X-tbm-f-sa-Øp∂ ]Ir-Xym-cm-[-\bpw

sIm≠v imkvX-]-£-hm-Zn-I-fpsS ]cn-

lm-k-߃°v adp-]Sn \¬Im≥ Ign-

bn-√. ]Ir-Xn-bnse imkvXsØ,

AXns‚ \ne-\n-ev]ns‚ ASn-ÿm\

]mT-ßsf bp‡n-tbm-sSbpw kXy-k-

‘-X-tbm -sSbpw FSp -Øp -Im -´n -

s°m≠pamXta AXv km[n -°q.

ssPhnI _‘-ß-fpsS XpS¿®bpw ]c-

kv]--cm-in-X-Xz-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Ifpw

imkvXo-b-ambn Xs∂ Is≠Øn

Ah-X-cn -∏n -°m≥ ssI∏mSv F∂

tUmIy-sa‚dn NnX-Øn\v km[n-°p-

∂p-≠v.

]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb ]ta-b߃ apt∂m-

´p-h-°p∂ tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-I-

fpsS Du∂¬ an°-t∏mgpw a\p-jy≥

]Ir-Xn-t°-ev]n-°p∂ BLm-X-ßsf

Zriy-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xnem-bn-cn-°pw.

apdn-™p-ho-gp∂ ac-ßfpw \nI-Ø-s∏-

Sp∂ hb-tee-Ifpw CSn-™p-Xo¿∂p-

t]m-Ip∂ Ip∂p-Ifpw aeo-a-k-am-Ip∂

\o¿®m-ep-Ifpw Ah-bnse ][m\

Zriy-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw. oam-Im-c-amb sP.

kn. _nbpsS ssII-fpsS bm-\-I-amb

Zriy-ßfpw I√p-sh- p-b-¥-ßfpsSbpw

aW¬ Ib-‰n-∏m-bp∂ temdn-I-fpsSbpw

ItTm-c-i-_vZhpw Ah-bpsS Hgn-®p-Iq-

Sm≥ Ign -bmØ LS-I-ß-fm -hpw.

F∂m¬ ssI∏m-Sns‚ kwhn-[m-b-I≥

AØc-Øn-ep -≈ Zriyßsfm∂pw

Xs‚ tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 123

∂n-√. ]Ir-Xn -\m-i-Øns‚ NnX-

߃°p ]Icw At±lw tXSp-∂Xv

]Ir-Xn-bpsS kuµ-cy-sØ-bmWv,

AXns‚ ssPh-k-º-Øn-s\-bm-Wv,

]mc -kv] -cy -sØ-bm -Wv. AXn -kq -

Ivjvaamb B kuµ-cym-flI XesØ

Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ t]£-I¿°v Ign-bp-

tºmƒ Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-Øn-emWv

AXn-s\-bmsI XI¿Øp-I-f-bp∂

Iq‰≥ b¥-ß-fpsS apcƒ® apg-ßp-I.

CS-\m-S≥ Ip∂p-I-fp-sSbpw Ahn-SsØ

\o¿®m-ep-I-fp-sSbpw ]mcn-ÿn-XnI-amb

]m[m\yw FSp-Øp-Im-´p∂ "Im\w',

aq∂m-dns‚ kuµ-cy-sØbpw ]cn-ÿn-

Xn-sbbpw NnXo-I-cn® ""_nssl≥Uv

Z anÃv'' F∂o tUmIy-psa‚-dn-I-fp-

sSbpw \n¿h-lWw CtX coXn-bn¬

Xs∂-bmWv Cu kwhn[m-b-I≥ \S-

Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m

]mTm-]-K-Y\w

IdpØ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ shfpØ

s]m´p-I-fmbn sXfn-bp∂ s_bven

A£-c-ß-fn¬, B\n-ta-‰Uv Bbn

ssIhn-c-ep-Iƒ Nen-°p-tºmƒ AXv

NnX-Øns‚ io¿j-I-am -hp∂p ˛

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m? tIƒhn-bp-sStbm

ImgvN-bp-sStbm ]iv\-ß-fn¬ HXp-ßp-

∂n√ ]t£ Cu lkz-Nn-Xw. \mw

tIƒ°msX t]mIp∂ i_vZ-ßfpw

ImWmsX t]mIp∂ ImgvN-Ifpw FX-

amXw ][m-\-amWv F∂v Ne-®nX

`mj-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-

SpØn \sΩ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

Akv\ F∂ A‘-bmb s]¨Ip-

kn\n-a-bpsS P\\w Xs∂ lkz-kn-\n-a-I-fm-bm-Wv. eqan-b¿ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿]I¿Ønb BZysØ Ne-®n-X-°m-gvN-Iƒ an\p-´p-I-fpsS ssZ¿Lyw amX-ap≈ Pohn-X-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. eqan-b¿NnX-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ ^o®¿ kn\n-a-I-fpsSbpw tUmIyp-sa‚dn Nn-Xß-fp-sSbpw BZy amXr-I-Iƒ ImWmw. mŒ-dn hn´p-h-cp∂ sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw tÃj-\n -se-Øp∂ Xoh-≠nbpw ImgvN-IfpsS bYmXY tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ "]qt¥m-´ -°m -c≥' IY]d®nens‚ kz`mhw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

lkz-NnXß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv temI-kn-\n-a-bnse ]Jym-X-]-Xn-`-Iƒ ]ecpwcwK-sØ-Øn-b-Xv. A`n-t\-Xm-°-fmtbmkwhn -[m -b-I-cmtbm kmt¶-XnI]h¿Ø-I-cmtbm. G‰hpw henb DZm-l-cWw Nm¿fn-Nm-πn≥ Xs∂. Nmπn≥kn\n-am-tem-I-tØ°v ]th-in-°p-∂Xv24˛mw hb-n-em-Wv. "Z InUv Bt´mtdkkv A‰v sh\nkv' F∂ lkz-Nn-X-Øn-eqsS ]n¬°m-eØv ]kn-≤-amb Ducp-sX≠n (tramp) bpsSthjw Nmπn≥ BZy-a-Wn-bp-∂Xpw CuNnX-Øn-em-Wv.

Nmπn≥, temd¬ lm¿Un-am¿ F∂n-h-scms° lkz-kn-\n-a-bpsS h‡m-°-fm-bn-cp∂ ImeØv lkz-kn-\n-a-Iƒ°v Zo¿L- o-®¿ NnX-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Øs∂ hmWn-P y-aq-ey-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.bqtdm-]y≥ Xotb-‰-dp -I-fn¬ ChBÀm-Z -]q¿∆w kzoI-cn°s∏´p.Nmπn\pw temd¬ lm¿Un-amcpw]n¬°m-eØv Zo¿L-kn-\n-a-I-fpsS hgn-Iƒ Is≠-ØnbtXmsS lkz-kn-\n-a-I-fpsS ]Xm]w aßn-Øp-S-ßn.

\n¿Ωm-W-°-º-\n-Ifpw ÃpUn-tbm-Ifpw ]pXnb kmt¶-XnI ]co -

lkz-kn-\n-a-Iƒ

124 lb¿ sk°‚dn

£W߃ \S-Øp-∂Xv sNdp-Nn-X-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. B\n-ta-j≥, ku≠vsSIvt\m-fPn XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fnsehnπ-I-c-ß-fmb XpS-°-߃ Fßs\kzoI-cn-°-s∏Spw F∂-dn-bp-∂Xv lkz-NnX ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

kmt¶-XnIcwKsØ \ntXy\sb-t∂m-W-ap≈ hf¿® lkz-Nn-X-߃°v]pXnb km[y-X-Iƒ Xpd-∂n-Sp-∂p. HcpsNdp -kn -\n -a -sb-Sp -°p -I -sb-∂XvC∂sØ ImeØv henb kw -h-a-√m-Xm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \n߃°v \nß-fpsSKma-Øn-en-cp-∂p-sIm≠v Hcp lkz-kn-\na \n¿Ωn-s®-Sp-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈p.B NnXw temI-k-a£w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ hn\n-ab irwJ-ebpw Isø-Øm-hp∂X Acn-In-ep-≠v. Imewlkz-Nn-X-ß-fpsS hf¿®bv°v A\p-Iq-e-am-Wv. kn\na ]Tn-®p-h-cp-∂-h¿Ct∏mgpw Ah-cpsS hc-h-dn-bn-°p-∂Xvan°-t∏mgpw sNdnb kn\n-a-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. sNdnb Imew sIm≠v sNdnbapX¬ap-S-°p-]-tbm-Kn®v Xß-fpsS ]Xn-`m-am\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ an\p- p-IƒssZ¿Ly-ap≈ Hcp NnXw sIm≠v \hm-K-X¿°v km[n-°p-∂p.

temI-Øn\v Xnc-t°-dp-I-bm-Wv. Hcpapgp-\of NnXw ImWm-\p≈ £a]pXp-tem-I-Øn\v ssItam-i-s∏- p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. At∏mgpw A¿∞-h-Ømb ImgvNIƒ A]-k-‡-am-hp-∂p-an-√. F¶n¬ ]pXnb ImesØ t\cn-Sm-\p≈ £aX sNdp-kn-\n-a-Iƒ°vXs∂-bm-Wv.

lkz-Nn-X-ßsf Hcp hn`m-K-ambnImWp-tºmƒ Ahbv°v s]mXp-hmbNne kz`m-h-ß-fp-s≠∂v Icp-XpIkzm`m-hn -Iw. sNdp-kn-\n -a -I-fpsSs]mXp-kz- m-h-߃ \n¿h-Nn-°m-\p≈ia-߃ ]mfn-t∏m-hp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. ssZ¿LysØ°pdn®v t]mepwHcp s]mXp-[m-cW CXp-hsc cq]-s∏-

´nsb tIµ-am-°n-s°m-≠mWv kwhn-

[m-bnI tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ lkz-

NnXw Hcp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. ]pg-tbm-

csØ ssaXm-\-Øn\v kao-]-ap≈ Hcp

Hmt´m-sam-ss_¬ h¿°vtjm∏v BWv

NnX-Øns‚ ][m\ ]›m-Ø-ew.

AhnsS tPmen sNøth Akv\-bpsS

]nXmhv ac-W-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. DΩ ho´p-

the sNbvXmWv Ah¿ Pohn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ah[nZn\-ß-fn¬ Akv\sb

h¿°vtjm-∏n¬ Ccp-Øn-bmWv DΩ

tPmen°v t]mIm-dv. ssaXm-\-Øn¬

Ifn°p∂ Iq´p-Im-cpsS i_vZ-amWv

Akv\-bpsS ]I-ep-Isf kPo-h-am-°p-

∂-Xv. Ifn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n-epw, Ifn ImWp-

∂n-s√-¶nepw i_vZw sIm≠v Ahƒ°-

Xns‚ apt∂-‰-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-

bpw. CXn-s\-°pdn-s®√mw ]t£, sNdp-

kq-N-\-Iƒ amXta Cu kn\n-a-bn-ep-

≈q.

ImgvN-sbbpw tIƒhn-sbbpw BWv

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnX-Øn-eqsS

kwhn-[m-bn-I-bmb KoXp-tam-l≥Zmkv

]iv\-h-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. H∂pw ImWm-

sXbpw tIƒ°m-sXbpw Ccn-°p∂,

I≠n´pw tI´n´pw Aßs\ \Sn-°m-Xn-

cn-°p∂ kaq-l-tØmSv \nin-X-amb

Nne tNmZy-߃ kwhn-[m-bnI D∂-

bn-°p-∂p-≠v. NnX-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬

Xs∂ Xs‚ Iq´p-Im-tcmSv Ifn-bpsS

Imcy-߃ hnfn®p tNmZn-°p∂ Akv\-

tbmSv h¿°vtjm-∏nse ]Wn-°m-c-\mb

Nmt°m ]d-bp-∂p≠v ""\o, ]d-bp-∂-

sXm∂pw Ah¿ tIƒ°m≥ t]mIp-

∂n√'' F∂v. Akv\-bpsS DØcw

""F\n-s°√mw tIƒ°m-at√m'' F∂m-

Wv. ]gb \nc-Øp-Iƒ°p-]-Icw hoXn-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 125

´n -´ n -√. " lkz -kn -\n -a -I -sf -∂m¬ssZ¿Lyw Ipd™ kn\na' F∂ A]-cym-]vX-amb Hcp \n¿h-N\w Ct∏mgpw\ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Ata-cn -°-bnseA°m-Zan H^v tamj≥ ]nIvN¿B¿Svkv B‚v kb≥kkv lkz-Nn-X-ßsf 40 an\p- n¬ Xmsg ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ NnX-ßsf∂v \n¿h-Nn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. _n´ojv A°m-Zan Hm^v nenw 30an\p-´n¬ Xmsg amX-amWv lkz-Nn-X-߃°v \n›-bn® ssZ¿Lyw.

\n¿h-N -\ -ßfpw s]mXp -kz -`mh\n¿tZi-ßfpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-tºmgpwlkz-kn-\n-a-Iƒ Ah-bp-tS-Xmb khn-ti-j-a-WvUew ÿm]n®p Ign-™n- p-≠v. sshhn-[y-amWv Hcp khn-tijhn`m-K-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ lkz-kn-\n-asbIqSp-X¬ ]k-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. tÃj-\n-se-Øp∂ Xoh-≠n-bpsS t\¿°m-g-N-bn¬ XpSßn km[y-X-I-fpsS \qdm-bncw hgn-Iƒ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ ia-߃ sNdp-N- -°q- n¬ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

Iq-Snb tdmUp-Iƒ hcp-tºmƒ IpSn-sbm-

gn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS k¶-S-߃°pw

ssaXm-\-Øn¬ ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ vfm‰v kap-

®bw hcp-tºmƒ kz¥w Imen-\-Sn-

bnse aÆv Hen-®p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\-°p-

dn -®p≈ DXvI-WvT-Iƒ°pw Ahƒ

km£n-bm-sW∂pIqSn CXn-t\mSv

tN¿Øp-hm-bn-°p-tºmtg tIƒ°p-

∂pt≠m? F∂ tNmZy-Øns‚ [z\n-

Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-bq. ""Cu®bpw

]q®bpw I™n-sh-®p. \√ kzmZp≈

I™n'' F∂v Akv\ ]d-bp∂ IY-bn-

emWv NnXw Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. IY-bpsS

`mh-\m-tem-IØv Ahƒ \n¿an-°p∂

Cu®bv°pw ]q®bv°pw ]ip-hn\pw ac-

߃°pw Ip´n°pw ]t£ Idp∏v \nd-

am-Wv. IY-bpsS temI-ØmWv Akv\

Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. Ahƒ F√m-bvt∏mgpw

IY-Iƒ D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw

Dds° ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-≠v.

]t£ Cu IY-Iƒ ISpw-h¿W-ß-fn-

ep≈hb-√. \nd-ß-fn-eq-sS-b√ i_vZ-

ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Ahƒ Np‰p-ap≈

temIsØ Xncn -® -dn -bp -∂-Xv .

h¿°vtjm∏v apS-°-amb Znhkw AΩ

]Wn-sb-Sp-°p∂ ho´n-te°v AΩ-tbm-

sSm∏w sN√p∂ Ahƒ H®-bn-√mØ

Hcp temI-ØmWv FØp∂-Xv. XØ-

bp-sSbpw ]q®-bp-sSbpw IY-bp-≠m-°n-

bm-Wv. Ahƒ Cu Ah-ÿsb adn-I-S-

°p-∂-Xv. IY-bnse HmSn-t∏m-Ip∂ ]q®-

tbmSv XØ tNmZn-°p∂p:

""Ftßm´m ]qt® \o Ic-t™m≠v

HmSp-∂Xv?'' ""ChnsS H®-sbm-∂p-an-√.

Rm≥ H®-bp≈ ÿe-tØ°v HmSn-t∏m-

hp-Ibm'' F∂mWv ]q®-bpsS DØcw.

H®-bn-√mØ temIØv H‰-bv°m-°-s∏-

Sp∂ Akv\-bpsS a\-p-X-s∂-bm-Wn-

Xv. InkvXp-a-ns‚ i_vZ-tLm-j-ß-

fn¬ Ahƒ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.

i_vZw t]mse Xs∂ \nd-ß-sfbpw

khn-ti-j-amb A¿Y-hym-]vXn-tbm-sS-

bmWv NnXw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-

≈-Xv. ISpw-h¿W-ß-fpsS hn`-an-∏n-

°p∂ temIØv Ahƒ Xo¿Ø H‰-\n-

d -Øn -ep≈ ]mWn -Iƒ Poh\pw

sImt≠m-Sp-∂p. ]n¶v \nd-Øn-ep≈

BIm-i-sØbpw \oe-\n-d-Øn-ep≈

kqcy-s\bpw t\m°m≥ Ign-bmsX

Ahƒ \ne-hn-fn-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv Iq´p-

Im¿ Ifn -°p∂ ssaXm-\ -Øn¬

^vfm‰ns‚ \n¿am-W-am-cw-`n-°p-tºmƒ

126 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Ahƒ Nmt°m-tbmSv tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv,

^vfm‰n-s\m∏w \n¿an-°p∂ ]pXnb

ssaXm-\-Øn\v F¥m \ndw F∂mWv?

Nmt°m \nw-K-\mbn ]d-bp∂p:

Nph∏v. Akv\-bpsS mh-\m-tem-I-sØ,

IdpØ \nd-Øn-ep≈sX¶nepw Ip∂p-

Ifpw Acp-hn-Ifpw ac-ßfpw \nd™

Kma-Øn¬ Nph∏v ]S-cp-I-bm-Wv. Ip∂p-

Ifpw ac-ßfpw hoSp -Ifpw `oI-c -

i_vZtØmsS s]mfn™p hogp-∂p.

F√mw Nph-∏n¬ aqSp-∂p. Nph-∏ns\

t\m°m≥ Ign -bmsX Cu®bpw

]q®bpw c£-s∏-Sm-\mbn HmSn-t\m-°p-

∂p-s≠-¶nepw HSp-hn¬ Idp-Ø-s]m- p-

I-fmbn Ah ad-bp-∂p.

\K-c-h-XvI-c-W-Øn-s‚ Bkp-c-X-bn¬

XI¿∂p hogp∂ Kmahpw AXns‚

`mK-am -bp≈ IpSn -sbm -gn -∏n -°-ep -

IfpamWv Cu NnX-Øns‚ A¥¿[m-

c. ]pXnb Ime-Øn-s‚bpw ]gb Ime-

Øn-s‚bpw aqey-ßfpw Xmc-Xayw

sNø-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Xs‚ Poh-\-°m-c-

\mbncp∂ BfpsS aIsf h¿°vtjm-

∏n¬ sIm≠p-h∂v kwc-£n-°p∂

sXmgn-em-fn-Isf DSa iIm-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

"A∏≥ ]Wn-°m-c -\m -sW-∂p-h®v

CXns\ Gs‰-Sp-°m-\p≈ _m[y-X-

sbm∂pw X\n-°n√' F∂-Xn-t\mSv

tN¿Øv Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv "CXn-s\-

sb-∂-√, Bscbpw' F∂m-Wv. Abmƒ

h¿°vtjm∏v \n¬°p∂ ÿew IqSn

^vfm‰v kap-®-b-Øns‚ DS-a-Iƒ°v

hn¬°m-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-em-Wv. aÆv

a\p-jy\pw a‰v Poh-Pm-e-߃°p-ap≈

Bhm-k-ÿ-e-sa∂ ImgvN-∏mSv amdp-

Ibpw hn¬°m\pw em`w t\Sm-\pap≈

Hcp hkvXp Bbn amdp-Ibpw sNøp∂

\ap°p Np‰n-ep-ap≈ kmaq-lnI Pohn-

X-]-cn-kcw Xs∂-bmWv NnX-Øn-ep-≈-

Xv. ]t£, Xs‚ em -\-jvS-ßsf amXw

ImWp-Ibpw tIƒ°p-Ibpw sNøp∂

Hcp temI-I-a-Øn¬, \mw ImWm-

sXbpw tIƒ°m-sXbpw t]mIp∂

sNdnbsX¶nepw ]c-a-]-[m-\-amb H®-

Iƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw ImgvN-Iƒ Im´n-Ø-

cn-I-bp-amWv Cu sIm®p-NnXw sNøp-

∂-Xv.

Akv\ Akvew F∂ ImgvN-ti-jn-bn-

√mØ Ip´n Xs∂-bmWv NnX-Øn¬

Akv\-bmbn A`n-\-bn-®-Xv. Ah-fpsS

kzm`m-hn-I-amb ]Xn-I-c-W-ßsf Ne-

®nX kµ¿`-tØmSv tN¿Øp sh®v

henb A¿Y-am-\-߃ \¬Im≥ kwhn-

[m-bn-Ibv°v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. ImgvN-bn-

√m-Ø-h-cpsS temIsØ°pdn®v AXn-

ssh-Im-cn-IX Ie¿Øn∏d™v klm-

\p- q-Xn-bp-W¿Øm≥ Cu NnXw ian-

°p-∂n-√.

]mT- m-K-Øn-te°v

lkz-Nn-X-ß-fpsS s]mXp-kz- m-h-߃

Ip´n-I-fpsS i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp -ØpI.

AXn\p -tijw ssI∏m-S v ,

tIƒ°p∂pt≠m F∂o lkzNnX-ß-

fn-¬ Ah FX-amXw D≠v F∂v Ip´n-

Iƒ Is≠-Ø-s´.

H∏w ]T-\-]-h¿Ø-\-ambn \n¿tZ-in®

Hcm-i-bhpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v \¬Im-hp-∂-

Xm-Wv.

ssI∏mSv, tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂o

NnX-ßsf ]tabXe-Øn¬ _‘n-∏n-

°p∂ LS-I-߃ Fs¥-√m-amWv?

So®¿ sSIvÃv 127

Ah hyXykvX coXn-bn¬ Bhn-jvI-

cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bmWv?

XpS¿∂v Ne-®nXw Bh¿Øn®p

ImWm≥ Ah-kcw Hcp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

hni-I-e\w

ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fnepw tIƒ°p-

∂p-t≠m-bnepw Ip´n-Iƒ°v \n¿Wm-bI

ÿm\w \¬In-b-Xns‚ bp‡nsb

hni-I-e\w sNøm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ Cu

]h¿Ø\w c≠p NnX-ß-fp-sSbpw

Bkzm-Z-\-Øn-\p-ti-jta sNøm-\m-hq.

Cu ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS NnXsØ hni-I-

e\w sNø-s´.

˛ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fn¬ Ip´n-

bmb _qtWmbv°v FX-amXw

]m[m-\y-ap-s≠∂v Is≠-Ø-s´.

˛ _qtWmbpw ssk°n-fp-am-bp≈

_‘w hy‡-am-°p∂ ko\p-Iƒ

Xncn-®-dn-b-s´.

˛ ssk°nƒ Xnc-®n-en¬ _qtWm-

sb-°qSn ]¶m-fn-bm-°p-∂Xv F¥p-

sIm-≠m-hmw.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc≠-Xv:

ssk°nƒ apXn¿∂h¿°v Hcp bmXm-

hm-l\w amX-am-sW-¶n¬ Ip´n-Iƒ°v

Hcp kz]v\-am-Wv. dn®n°v Xs‚ sXmgn-

en-\p≈ D]m-[n-bmWv ssk°nƒ. B

ssk°n-fns‚ \jvSw t]£-I\v Hcp

sshIm-cn-Im-\p-`-h-ambn amdp-∂-Xv,

_qtWm-bpsS ssk°n-fp-am-bp≈

_‘w IqSn-t®-cp-tºm-gm-Wv. P\-ep-Iƒ

Xpd∂v \√ shfn-®-Øn¬ ssk°nƒ

\∂mbn XpS®p hrØn-bm-°p-∂Xv Ah-

\m-Wv. ]W-b-°-S-bn¬sh®v ssk°n-

fn\v sNdnb DS-hp-Iƒ ]‰n-bn-cp∂p

F∂v Ah≥ Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v.

_qtWm F∂ Ip´n°v ssk°n-fp-am-

bp≈ _‘w AXv Ahs‚ kz]v\-

Øns‚ Atß-b-‰-Øp≈ H∂v F∂

\ne-bv°m-Wv. ssk°n-fns‚ \jvSw B

kz]v\-tem-I-Øn¬\n∂p≈ hogvN-bm-

W-h-\v.

˛ tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnXw

F¥p-sIm-≠mWv ImgvN-ti-jn-bn-

√mØ Hcp Ip™ns‚ A\p-`-h-

ambn NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

˛ Akv\-bpsS A\p- -h-tem-I-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏ v NnX-Øn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp-

∂Xv Fs¥-√m-amWv?

Ip´n-Iƒ ]Xn-I-c-W-߃ \S-Ø-s´.

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnXw Hcp

Ip´n-bpsS A\p-`-h-ambn NnXo-I-cn-®-

Xns‚ ta∑-Iƒ N¿®-bn-eqsS Db¿Øn-

s°m-≠p-h-c-Ww.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xv:

˛ Hcp Ip´n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ Akv\

D≠m-°p∂ IY-Iƒ.

˛ IY-I-fpsS A\n-ta-j≥ ]tbm-P-\-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ.

˛ apXn¿∂-h¿ tIƒ°m-ØXpw

ImWm-ØXpw Ahƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-

∂p.

Ccp kn\n-a-I-fn-sebpw Ip´n-I-fpsS

km∂n-[y-Øns‚ ]m[m-\yw, Ah

NnX-Øn\p \¬Ip∂ sshIm-cn-I-amb

i‡n, Ip´n-I-fpsS am\-kn-Im-h-ÿsb

NnXw Ah-X-cn-∏n® coXn F∂n-h-bn¬

128 lb¿ sk°‚dn

Du∂n Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Xbm-dm°n Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°-s´.

i_vZ-ß-fpsS km[y-X-Iƒ

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m? F∂ NnX-Øn¬

i_vZ-ß-fpsS km[y-X-Iƒ ]tbm-P-\-

s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xns‚ HuNn-Xyhpw khn-ti-

j-X-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Cu ]h¿Ø-

\-Øn-eqsS km[n-°-Ww.

˛ IYm-]mX kw`m-j-W-߃°pw

]›m-Ø-e-kw-Ko-X-Øn\pw ]pdta

Ne-®n-X-Øn¬ Fs¥ms° i_vZ-

ß-fmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®Xv?

$ Ip´n-Iƒ Ifn-°p-∂-Xns‚ Bc-h-

߃.

$ \n¿ΩmW ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-

∂-Xns‚ i_vZw

$ CØcw i_vZ-߃ Cu Ne-®n-X-

Øn¬ F¥p-sIm≠v ][m-\-s∏-´-

Xm-Ip-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ N¿® sNø-s´.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-h.

$ apJy-I-Ym-]mXw ImgvN-bn-√mØ

Hcp Ip´n-bm-Wv.

$ Np‰p-ap≈ temIØns‚ kv]µ-\-

߃ Ahƒ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-∂Xv

i_vZ-an-√m-sX-bm-Wv.

A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ßfpsS hni-I-e\w

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂ NnX-Ønse

A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ßsf hni-I-e\w

sNøm-\mbn AØcw Zriy-ß-fpsS

Bh¿Øn-®p≈ ImgvN-bv°p≈ Ah-

kcw Hcp-°-Ww. XpS¿∂v Zriy-ß-fpsS

kqIvjva-hn-i-I-e\w \S°-Ww.

˛ A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-߃ D]-tbm-Kn-

®Xv GsXms° kµ¿ -ß-fn-emWv?

˛ F¥p-sIm≠v A\n-ta-j≥ Cu NnX-

Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-Ip∂p?

-˛ A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ß-fpsS ]tXy-

I-X-I-fmbn Fs¥ms° Imcy-߃

Is≠Ømw?

Ip´n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS \nco-£-W-߃

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. XpS¿∂v kn\n-a-bpsS

`mh-X-e-hp-ambn Cu Zriy-ßsf _‘n-

∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Ah-cpsS \nK-a-\-߃

Ipdn-°mw.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠h.

$ apJy-I-Ym-]mXw Hcp sIm®p-Ip- n-

bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, Im¿´q¨

IYm-]m-X-ß-sf-t∏mse A\n-ta-

j≥ coXn-bn¬ Akv\-bpsS `mh-

\m-tem-IsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-

∂Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

$ ImgvN-ti-jn-bn-√mØ Akv\-bpsS

B¥-cn-I-tem-IsØ a‰p coXn-bn¬

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI ]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv.

$ Akv\-bpsS D≈nse Kmao-W-amb

temIhpw Ahn-SsØ Poh-Pm-e-

ßfpw Idp-∏nepw shfp-∏n-ep-ap≈

A\n-ta-j≥ Zriy-ß-fn-eqsS Ah-

X-cn-∏n-®-Xnse kq£vaX it≤-

bw.

$ ]pdw-tem-I-Øns‚ ISpw-\n-d-߃

B temIsØ XI¿°pI-bm-Wv.

Xmc-X-ayw-

So®¿ sSIvÃv 129

ssI∏mSv, tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m F∂o

lkz-Nn-X-ß-fpsS Xmc-X-ay-amWv

ChnsS \S-t°-≠p-∂-Xv. NnX-Øns‚

ImgvN-bv°p-tijw Nne tNmZy-߃

D∂-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

˛ c≠p NnX-ß-fp-sSbpw ]ta-b-߃

XΩn¬ GsX-¶nepw coXn-bn¬

_‘n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bptam? F]-

Imcw?

˛ c≠nepw Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂

ktµ-i-߃/Zriy-߃ F∂n-h-

bpt≠m?

˛ Fß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv c≠p NnX-

ßfpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv?

˛ c≠p NnX-ß-fp-tSbpw Bhn-jvI-c-

W-coXn F]-Im-c-amWv?

c≠p NnX-ßsfbpw Xmc -Xayw

sNbvXp-sIm≠v Ip´nIƒ \nK-a-\-߃

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s´. Ah-bpsS kmay- -hy-

Xym-k-߃ Is≠-Ø-s´. \nco-£-W-

߃ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°mw.

tImUo-I-c-W-Øn¬ htc-≠-Xv:

˛ ssI∏mSv tUmIyp-sa‚dn NnXhpw

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m IYm-Nn-Xhpw

BWv.

˛ ssI∏mSv ]cn-ÿnXn ]m[m-\y-ap≈

NnX-am-Wv. ssI∏mSv \ne-ß-fnse

aÆns‚ ]tXy-I-X-I-sfbpw Ahn-

SsØ Irjn-co-Xn-I-sfbpw ssPhnI

temI-Øns‚ ]c-kv]-cm-in-X-Xz-

sØbpw EPp-hmbpw efn-X-ambpw

NnXw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p. ssI∏mSv

\ne-ß-fpsS bmYm¿YysØ kwhn-

[m-b-I≥ `mh-\-bp-sStbm sshIm-

cn -I-X-bp-sStbm ]´n¬ s]mXn-

bmsX AXp-t]mse ]I¿Øp-∂p.

˛ tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m Hcp IYm-Nn-X-am-

Wv. Akv\ F∂ ImgvN-bn-√mØ

s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS A\p-`-h-tem-I-

amWv kwhn-[m-bnI Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xv. F¶nepw NnX-Øns‚ ][m\

]tab]cn-kcw ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb

Bi-¶-Iƒ Xs∂-bm-Wv. KmaoW

]Ir-Xn-sbbpw ssPh-L-S-\-sbbpw

XI¿sØ-dn™v \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS

b¥-ss°-Iƒ apt∂-dp-∂-Xn-ep≈

DXvI-WvT-bmWv kwhn-[m-bnI ]¶p-

h-bv°p-∂-Xv.

-˛ \mw t]mep-a-dn-bmsX \ΩpsS Imen-

\-Sn-bnse aÆmWv Hen-®p-t]m-Ip-

∂Xv F∂ BIp-eX c≠p NnX-

ß-fnepw ]Xy-£-ambn apg-ß-p∂p-

≠v.

i_vZ-hn-h-cWw Xbm-dm-°¬

B[m-c-NnX (tUmIyp-sa‚-dn) \n¿am-

W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hcp∂ H∂mWv

i_vZ-hn-h-cWw (Ia‚-dn) Xbm-dm-°¬.

tUmIyp-sa‚dn kvIn]v‰v Xbm-dm-°p-∂-

Xn-te°v hnI-kn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-XmWv Cu

]h¿Ø-\w. kaq -l-Øns‚i≤-

bn¬hc-W-sa∂p tXm∂p∂ GXm\pw

hnj-b-߃ BZyw sXc-s™-Sp-°-Ww.

DZm:

˛ Ip∂n-Sn-°¬

˛ hb¬ \nI-ج

˛ πmÃnIv amen-\y-߃ hen-s®-dn-

b¬

130 lb¿ sk°‚dn

˛ ]pgaen-\o-I-cWw

˛ h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ tdmU-]-I-S-߃

˛ ]md-∏p-dsØ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw

˛ I≠¬°m-Sp-Iƒ

sXc-s™-SpØ hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v

Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]T\w \S-Ø-emWv

c≠mw L´w. aq∂p Xc-Øn-emWv CXn-

\p≈ Kth-jWw \S-°p-I.

1. A®-Sn-h-kvXp-°ƒ (]pkvX-Iw, ]X-

߃, hmcn-I-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh) D]-

tbm-Kn-®v.

2. A`n-apJw hgn ˛ hnZ-Kv≤-cp-ambn

apJm-apJw \S-Øn.

3. ^o¬Uv dnk¿®v : hnj-b-hp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ ÿew kµ¿in®v

t\cn v hnh-c-߃ a\-n-em-°¬.

e`n® ]pXnb Adn-hp-I-fn¬\n∂v Bh-

iy-am-bXv D]-tbm-Kn-®mWv i_vZ-hn-h-

cWw Xbm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. AXn-\p-apºv

GsXms° Zriy-ß-fmWv NnXo-I-cn-

t°-≠-sX∂pw Ah-bpsS ka-b-

ssZ¿Ly-sa-X-sb∂pw Xocp-am-\n-°-

Ww. D]-\ym-k-Øn¬ JfinI Xncn-

°pw-t]mse Bi-b-ßsf Iao-I-cn®v

AXn-\-\p-tbm-Py-amb Zriy-ßsf hn\y-

kn-°mw. Chsb koIz≥kp-I-sf-∂mWv

hnfn-°m-dv.

Zriy-ß-fpsS GXm\pw koIz≥kp-Iƒ

Fgp-Xn-b-tijw i_vZ-hn-h-cWw Xbm-

dm-°mw. i≤n-t°≠ Imcy-߃.

˛ Zriy-߃°v ]qc-I-ambn hcWw

i_vZ-hn-h-c-Ww.

˛ Zriy-ß-fp-ambn AXn\v _‘-ap-≠m-

I-Ww.

˛ F∂m¬ Zriy-ß-fpsS Bh¿Ø-\-

ambn amd-cp-Xv.

˛ Zriy-߃ kzbw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-

h-bm-Wv. AXn\p ]pd-Øp≈ Iq´n-

t®¿°-ep-I-fm-bmWv i_vZ-hn-h-

cWw amtd-≠-Xv.

˛ ]c-am-h[n sNdnb hmIy-ßfpw efn-

X-amb `mjbpw D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

˛ t]£-I¿°v ]pXnb Adnthm Xncn-

®-dnthm \¬Im-\p-X-Ip∂ Bi-b-

߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm≥ i≤n-°-Ww.

˛ ssI∏mSv F∂ tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-bn¬

Zriy-߃°-\p-k-cn®v i_vZ-hn-h-

cWw Xbm-dm-°nb coXn i≤n-

®m¬ C°m-cy -Øn¬ sXfn®w

In´pw.

Xbm-dm-°nb kvIn]v‰v (Zriy-߃ +

Zriy-hn-h-cWw) s\ B[m-c-am°n Ip´n-

Iƒ kz¥-ambn tUmIyp-sa‚dn \n¿an-

°p-∂-Xn-te°pw Cu ]h¿Ø-\sØ

hf¿Øn - sb - S p -°m -h p -∂ -Xm -W v .

hoUntbm Iyma-dtbm samss_¬

t^m¨ Iyma-dtbm Hs° D]-tbm-Kn®v

CXns‚ jq´nßv \S-Ømw. FUn‰v

sNbvXv Bh-iy-amb ]›m-Ø-e-kw-Ko-

Xhpw tN¿Øv BI¿j-I-amb tUmIyp-

sa‚-dn-Iƒ D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°mhp∂-

XmWv.

]c-ky-ßsf hni-I-e\w

sNø¬

kn\n-asb amX-a√ sSen-hn-j≥ ]cn-

]m-Sn-I-sfbpw ]c-ky-ß-sf-bp-sa√mw

So®¿ sSIvÃv 131

hna¿i-\-_p≤ym kao-]n-°m≥ Ip´n-

Isf ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ mK-amWv

Cu ]h¿Ø-\w. ]c-ky-߃ \ΩpsS

A`n-cp-Nn-I-sfbpw kwkvIm-c-sØbpw

\n¿an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Ime-am-Wn-Xv.

]ckyw Hcp-Xcw BJym\w Xs∂-bm-

Wv. Npcp-ßnb kabwsIm≠v AsXmcp

IY ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. IYm-]m-X-ßsf

X≈n-am‰n s]mSp-∂s\ D¬∏-∂-߃

s^bnw Iog-S-°p-sa-∂p-am-Xw.

sSen-hn-j-\n¬ hcp∂ ]c-ky-ß-fn¬

GsX-¶nepw Nneh sXc-s™-SpØv

hni-I-e\w sNbvXm¬ AXv ]t£-

]n-°p∂ Bi-b-ß-sf-s¥∂v Xncn-®-dn-

bmw. ]ckyw kq£va-ambn \nco-£n®v

AXns‚ hnhn[ LS-I-ßsf Ip´n-Iƒ

hne-bn-cp-Ø-s´. Hcp tkm∏ns‚ ]c-ky-

am-sW-∂n-cn-°-s´.

˛ AXn-eqsS ]d-bp∂ IY.

˛ IYm-]m-X-߃, Ah-cpsS ]hr-

Øn-Iƒ

˛ thj-hn-[m\w

˛ kw`m-jWw/]c-ky-hm-NIw

˛ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Zriy-h-kvXp°ƒ

(properties)

˛ ]›m-Ø-e-Zr-iy-߃

˛ Zriy-hn-\ym-k-coXn

˛ ]›m-Ø-e-kw-KoXw

˛ ]t£-]n-°p∂ Bibw P\m-[n-]-

Xy-]-c-amb kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-Øn\v

A]-I-S-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂pt≠m?

XpS-ßn-bh ap≥\n¿Øn hni-I-e\w

sNbvXv Ipdn-s∏-gp-X-s´. DZm: ]tXyI

_m‚ v tkm∏v tX®p-Ip-fn-®m¬ shfp-

°pw F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ A¿Y-an-√m-

bva.

-˛ shfp-∏mWv kuµ-cy-sa∂pw al-

Ømb \nd-sa∂pw ÿm]n-°p-

tºmƒ a‰p \nd-°m¿°p-≠m-Ip∂

A]-I¿j--t_m-[w.

˛ h¿W-hn-th-N-\-Øn-te°v \bn-°m-

hp∂ PohnX ho£Ww cq]-s∏-S¬.

˛ P∑\m In´p∂ \ndw XpS-ßnb

Imcy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n a\p-

jy-cpsS alXzw \n›-bn-°p-∂-

Xnse P\m-[n-]-Xy-hn-cp-≤-X.

˛ kvXoico-csØ shdpw ssewKnI

hkvXp-hm°n Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-

Xns‚ A]-S-I-߃ F∂n-ßs\

]c-ky-hn-i-I-e-\sØ hnI-kn-∏n-

°mw.

Ne-®n-X-taf

"ImgvN' F∂ bqWn-‰nse ][m\

]h¿Ø-\-ambn Cu Ne-®n-X-ta-fsb

ImW-Ww.

Ne-®n-X-ta-f-bpsS kwLm-S\w Ip´n-

Iƒ Xs∂ sNøp-∂-Xmhpw DNn-Xw.

]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn®v

Ip´n-I-fp-ambn t\csØ Bi-b-hn-\n-

abw \S-Ø-Ww. Ne-®n-X-ta-fbv°v

Bh-iy-amb t]mÃ-dp-Iƒ, t\m´o-kp-

Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh Ah¿ Xs∂ Xbm-dm-

°-s´.

]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ \¬Inb amXr-I-

bn¬ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ a‰v kn\n-a-I-fp-

sSbpw knt\m-]vknkv Xbm-dm-°-s´.

NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn -®p≈ hnh-c-߃

hn°n-]o-Un-b-bn¬ \n∂v tiJ-cn-°mw.

Hmtcm Ne-®n-X-Øn-s‚bpw ]Z¿i-\-

Øn\v apºmbn NnXsØ Ah-X-cn-∏n-

132 lb¿ sk°‚dn

®p -sIm≠pw IYm-kq -N\ \¬In -

s°m≠pw Ip´n-Iƒ BapJ `mjWw

\S-Ø-s´. kn\n-a-bpsS ]ta-bw, e`n®

]pc-kvIm-c-߃, ][m\ kmt¶-Xn-I-

]-h¿Ø-I¿ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈

hnh-c-߃ C‚¿s\-‰n¬\n∂pw tiJ-

cn-°-s´.

taf-bn¬ hyXykvX hn`m-K-ß-fn¬s∏´

NnX-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. IYm-Nn-X-

߃, tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ, A\n-ta-j≥

kn\n-a-Iƒ, lkz-Nn-X-߃ apX-em-b-

h-bpsS ]mXn-\n[yw Dd-∏m-°-Ww.

]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ F√m NnX-ßfpw

A[ym-]nI ap≥Iq´n ImWp-I-bpw DØ-

c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿W-amb Bkzm-Z\w Dd-∏n-

°p -∂-Xn -\mbn Ip´n -Iƒ°v Nne

]h¿Ø-\-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw thWw.

Ne-®n-X-Øns‚ tIµ ]tabw Xncn-

®-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tNmZy-ß-tfm N¿®m-

kq-N-I-ßtfm \¬Imw. Ne-®nX

]Z¿i-\-Øn -\p -tijw Ip´n -Iƒ

Ahsb A[n-I-cn-®p≈ N¿®-I-fn¬

G¿s∏-S-s´.

]Z¿in-∏n-°p∂ NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈

Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ FSp-°p-Ibpw hy‡n-K-X-

am-bn, anI® NnX-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Bkzm-

Z-\-ßfpw \ncq-]-W-ßfpw FgpXn Xbm-

dm-°p-Ibpw thWw.

]Z¿in-∏n-°m-hp∂ Ne-®n-X-߃

^o®¿ kn\n-a-Iƒ

ss_kn°vƒ Xohvkv ˛

hnIvtSm-dnbm Unko°

]tY¿ ]m©men ˛

kXy-PnXv dmbv

taLm-[-°m-Xmcm ˛

EXznIv L´°v

_dm≥ ˛

aPoZv aPoZn

tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Iƒ

ss\‰v & t^mKv ˛

Ae≥ sds\

ssI∏mSv ˛

_m_p ImºØv

lkz-Nn-X߃

C≥kn-U‚ v A‰v Hmƒ Io°v ˛

tdm_¿t´m F‚nt°m

X´p-sºm-d-Ø-∏≥ ˛

kptZ-h≥

tIƒ°p-∂pt≠m -˛

KoXp taml≥Zmkv

sNbdn tS¬ ˛

t\m¿Ωm≥ aIvtemd≥

A\n-ta-j≥ -Nn-X߃

vfth¿kv & Sokv ˛

hmƒ v Unkv\n

lkz-Nn-X-ßfpw A\n-ta-j-\p-Ifpw bp

Syq_v t]mep≈ hoUntbm ssk‰p-I-

fpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-Kn®v ]Z¿in-∏n-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hymIcW ]h¿Ø\w

c≠p hmIy-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ hni-I-e\w

sNø-s´.

• Ah≥ ho´n¬ t]mbn.

• Ahs‚ IpS If-™p-t]m-bn.

c≠p hmIy-ß-fn-sebpw Inbm-]-Z-߃

Is≠-Ø-s´.

BZy-hm-Iy-Øn¬ t]mbn F∂-XmWv

Inbm-]-Zw. c≠mw hmIy-Øn¬ If-

™p, t]mbn F∂nßs\ c≠p Inbm-

]-Z-ß-fp-≠-t√m. t]mbn F∂ Inbm-

cq-]-Øn\v c≠p hmIy-ß-fnepw Htc

So®¿ sSIvÃv 133

A¿Y-amtWm D≈Xv?

c≠m-asØ hmIy-Øn¬ t]mbn F∂

]Z-Øn\v Inbm-cq]w Xs∂-bm-sW-

¶nepw Inbm¿Yw kqNn-∏n-°p-I-sb∂

[¿a-a√ Ahn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. If™p F∂

Inb-bpsS A¿Y-Øn-te°v Nne

A[nI kqN-\-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-I-

bmWv "t]mbn' sNøp-∂-Xv. F¥mhmw

B A[nI kqN-\-Iƒ? IpS \jvS-am-

bXv Ah≥ Adn-™p-sIm-≠-s√∂

A¿Yw AXn¬ \n∂v In´p-∂p-≠v.

Ah\v AXp-sIm≠v at\m-hn-j-a-ap-

s≠∂ kqN-\bpw AXn -ep -≠v.

Cßs\ Hcp Inbm-]-Z-Øn\v A[n-

Im¿Y-kq -N\ \¬Ip∂Xn\mbn

AXn\p ]n∂mse tN¿°p∂ Inbm-

]-ZsØ A\p-]-tbm-K-sa-∂mWp ]d-bp-

∂-Xv.

""A\p-]-tbm-tKW [mXz¿tYm

_em-Z-\yX \obtX''

F∂v ]amWw. A\p-]-tbmKw sIm≠v

Inbm-[m-Xp-hns‚ A¿Yw as‰m-cn-S-

tØ°v \bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Cu [mc-W-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]mT-

]p-kvX-I-Ønse \mep hmIy-߃

hni-I-e\w sNø-s´.

$ H∂-mwhm-Iy-Øn¬ Inbm-cq-]-amb

\n¿an -°p -I -bmbn F∂-Xns‚

A¿YsØ Ccp∂p F∂ A\p-]-

tbmKw t]mjn -∏n -°p -∂p. B

sNbvXXv \∂m-bn√ F∂ A¿Y-

amWv A\p-]-tbmKw sIm≠v hmIy-

Øn\v h∂p-tN¿∂-Xv.

$ c≠mw hmIy -Øn¬ hchpw

t]m°pw CS-bv°nsS Bh¿Øn®v

kw`-hn®p F∂ ]XoXn e`n-°p-

∂p.

$ Ahƒ BgvN-tXmdpw ho´n¬ t]m-

Ipw. ChnsS Hcp hyXymkw i≤n-

t°-≠-Xp≠v. "t]mIpw' ChnsS

A\p-]-tbm-K-a-√. F¥p-sIm-≠v?

AXn-\p-apºv thsdmcp Inbm-cq-]-

an-√. F¶nepw "t]mIpw' hmIy-

Øn¬ mhy¿Y-kq-N-I-a-√. "tXmdpw'

F∂ hntij i_vZw h∂-Xn-\m¬

hmIy-Øn\v F√m BgvN-bnepw

ho´n¬t]m-Ip-∂Xv Ah-fpsS ioe-

am-sW-∂¿Yw hcp-∂p.

$ \memw hmIy-Øn¬ hcp∂p F∂

Inbm-]Zw A\p-]-tbmKw Xs∂-

bm-Wv. i\n-bm-gvN-Iƒ F∂ _lp-

h-N-\hpw "hcp∂p' F∂ ]tbm-

Khpw H∂n®p h∂-t∏mƒ apS-°-an-

√msX Gsd-°m-e-ambn \S°p-

∂p≠v F∂ A¿Yw In´p-∂p.

Ime-kq-N\mkqN-I-ß-fmb Awi-

߃ Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ hmIy-Øns‚

A¿Y-Øn\v ]pXnb Zni-Iƒ ]I-cp∂p

F∂ t_m[w hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°p-≠m-Ip-

∂p.

CØcw `mjm-]-tbm-K-߃ Ah¿

\n¿an-°-s´. Ah-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ hnh-cn-°epw thWw. hnZym¿Yn-

Iƒ Xs∂ Cu ]h¿Ø\w hne-bn-cp-

Ø-s´.

13

4l

b¿ sk

°‚

dn

bqWn‰v s^bnw

bqWn‰v ˛ 2 ImgvN

Bi-b-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\-t\ -߃

$ Ne-®n - X -Km -\ -߃°v \ΩpsS

kwkvIm -c -Øn¬ khn -ti-j-amb

ÿm\-ap-≠v.

$ Ne-®n-X-ß-fn¬ Km\-߃°v ]e-hn-[-

Øn-ep≈ ]k‡nbmWp-≈-Xv.

$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-Iƒ kaq-l-Øn¬

krjvSn-°p∂ kzm[o\w hfsc i‡-

amWv.

$ P\-]n-bX krjvSn-°p-∂-Xn\v kn\n-

abv°v AXn-t‚-Xmb X¥-ßfpw D]m-

[n-I-fp-ap-≠v.

$ Ne-®n - X-Km -\ -ß-fnse Zriy -߃

]Z¿in -∏n -°p -Ibpw Ah-bnse

kmwkvIm-cnI apZ-I-sf-°p-dn®v N¿®

\S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ Ne-®n-X-Km-\-ß-fpsS ]k-‡n-sbbpw

]m[m-\y-sØbpw Ipdn®v kwhm-Z-ß-

fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ hyXykvX P\-]nb kn\n-a-Isf A]-

K-Yn®v Ah-bpsS s]mXp kz`m-h-ß-sf-

°p-dn®p kwhm-Z\w \S-Øp-∂p.

$ P\-]nb kn\n-a-I-fpsS s]mXp-hmb

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ kq£va-ambn hni-I-

e\w sNøm\pw hna¿i-\m-[n-jvTn-X-

ambn Ahsb t\m°n-°m-Wm-\p-ap≈

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂p.

$ Zriy -ß-fn¬ sXfn -bp∂

kmwkvIm-cnI apZ-Iƒ Xncn-®-

dn-bp-Ibpw Ahsb hymJym-\n-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ B\p-Im-enI hnj-b-ß-sf-°p-

dn®v [mc-W-Iƒ t\Sp-Ibpw

Ah HNn-Xy-]q¿∆w Ah-X-cn-∏n-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

$ kn\n-abpw kaq-lhpw XΩn-

ep≈ _‘w hni-I--e\w

sNbvXv hnhn[ hyh-lm-c-cq-]-ß-

fn¬ Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-∂p.

$ Zriy-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-

Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-™v Ah hni-Zo-

I-cn-°p-∂p.

So®

¿ sSI

vÃv

13

5Bi-b-[m-cW/ss\]pWn ]Inb/]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]T-\-t\ -߃

$ ¢mknIv kn\n-a-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-

eqsS amXta Db¿∂ Zriy -kw -

kvImcw cq]-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q.

$ F°m-e-sØbpw anI® kn\n-a-bmbn

]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ht´sd LS-I-

߃ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°-fn-ep-≠v.

$ kmaq-ln-Im-h-t_m[w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-

Xn¬ lkz, tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-

Iƒ°v C∂v henb ]m[m-\y-ap-≠v.

$ ]c-ky -߃°v Ah-bp -tS -Xmb

`mjbpw Ah \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ khn-ti-

j-amb [¿Ω-ß-fp-ap-≠v.

$ Ne-®n - X -taf kwL-Sn -∏n -°p -Ibpw

¢mknIv Ne-®n-X-߃ Bkz-Zn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

$ ssk°nƒ tamjvSm-°ƒ F∂ Ne-

®nXw ImWp-Ibpw \ncq-]-W-߃ hmbn-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXv NnX-Øns‚ khn-ti-

j-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v [mcW t\Sp-∂p.

$ lkz-kn-\n-a-Ifpw tUmIyp-sa‚-dn-Ifpw

I≠v Ah-bpsS kmaq -lnI

]k‡nsb°p-dn®p N¿® sNøp-∂p.

Ah apt∂m´p sh°p∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øn¬ FX ]k-

‡-am-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.

$ Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fnse ]c-ky-߃ hni-I-

e\w Ah F¥p ktµ-i-amWv \¬Ip-

∂Xv F∂v N¿® sNøp-∂p.

$ ¢mknIv kn\n-a-Iƒ Bkz-Zn®v

Bkzm-Z-\-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, \ncq-]-

W-߃ apX-em-bh Xbm-dm-°p-

∂p.

$ ¢mknIv Ne-®n - X -ßsf

kq£va-ambn hne-bn-cpØn khn-

ti-j-X-Iƒ s]mXp-hmbn Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

$ lkz, tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-a-

I-fpsS ]tabw Xncn-®-dn™v

hnhn[ cN-\-Iƒ Xbm-dm-°p-

∂p.

$ Zriy-߃ kq£va-ambn hni-I-

e\w sNbvXv Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂

A¿∞-X-e -߃ Is≠Øn

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.