Mobile learning with a mobile game

Design and motivational effects

Outline

Introduction Literature review The mobile learning scenario and syst

em Research design and frame work Results Technical design issues for the Mobile

Game prototype Discussion of the effects Conclusions and outlook

Abstract

Mobile technologies offer the opportunity to embed learning in a natural environment

This paper describes the design of the MobileGame prototype, exploring the opportunities to support learning through an orientation game in a university setting

Introduction

apply mobile technology to learning Mobilearn project two objectives in this paper

to discuss design issues of a mobile game system with a focus on issues specific for mobile learning and the motivational value added by mobile games

to present data on the effects of a mobile game on participant motivation and on the features causing those effects

Literature review

Lepper and Malone relationship between learning and intrinsic motiv

ation seven key factors for creating an intrinsically mot

ivating instructional environment ： challenge, curiosity, control, fantasy, cooperation, competition, and recognition

computer games raise the efficiency of learning if they increase the intrinsic motivation and link the goals “winning the game” and “learning the material”

mathematical problem solving is embedded in an artificial game context

Literature review

Prensky → how do computer games engage players ？ create a fun and engaging game rules, that organize the game goals and objectives, the players strive to achiev

e outcome and feedback, which measure the progr

ess against the goals conflict, competition, challenge, and opposition, l

eading to players’ excitement interaction, the social aspect in the game representation or story, exaggerating interesting

aspects of reality

Literature review

Mitchell and Savill-Smith it should be possible to use these elements to ca

refully design and analyze mobile games, but so far this has not been done yet

mobile systems integrate playing and learning, focus on role-play

or simulation ： Cooties Game 、 Geney 、 Savannah

entertainment, location-based games in a real life environment ： CYSMN 、 Pirates 、 Mogi

develop the location-based learning game MobileGame in 2002

Mobile learning scenario

synchronous collaboration orientation rally students play individually or in small groups each group gets different tasks referring to

significant places, people and events handheld device shows the current position

of the group on the digital map indoor map and outdoor map switch cooperative and competitive game at each location, they have to perform a

typical task

Mobile game system

All relevant data are stored on the client side

Three components mobile client web client server

Media and tools Wireless LAN HTTP Ekahau positioning engine

Research design and framework

Taylor’s recommendation ： first test the usability of the technology, then the pedagogy

future development and evaluation process ： focus on the motivational aspects of the g

ame and its relationship to the usability of the system

include the content and systematically test the effects on learning

Research design and framework

method of evaluation of the first trial University of Koblenz in October 2003 7 computer science faculty find hidden PDA with the help of the game questionnaire

method of evaluation of the second trial Koblenz Campus of the University of Koblenz-

Landau in Germany covered two office buildings participants procedure

Discussion framework

rules ： scenario goal ： solve the tasks, ultimately learn feedback, outcome ： real time techniq

ue five current status conflicts and competition ： gain points interaction ： play in group, chat functi

on representation ： orientation on the dig

ital map, augmentation of reality

Results of the first trial

focus on the technology of the first prototype

rate 7 technical issues screen size and accuracy of the

position scored least they would have liked to have a zoom;

auto-scroll and improve the update time of the client

Results of the second trial

17/22 liked it and would play it again the map should be simplified some more intelligence in the task

ordering would be desirable catching function varied because of

difficulties with imprecise navigation and a somewhat confusing interface

chat was rarely or not at all used navigation as a major positive aspect

Technical design issues for the MobileGame prototype

accuracy of positioning 3~5m

play on move stop-and-go hinders the flow of the game

offline areas and response time update every 3s, players could move five or

more meters interface design

drop-down menus to button bar three kind of input method

Discussion of the effects

conflict, competition, challenge, opposition balance the engagement for hunting with

the engagement for working on task• make the competition for points more visible• make the catching itself a learning experience• turn off hunting for part of the game

in any case, hunting is a surprisingly useful feature to keep participants interested and moving

Discussion of the effects

outcome and feedback learning diary

goals and objectives primary goal ： advance learning secondary goal ： gain as many points as

possible task design

Discussion of the effects

interaction chat were rarely used, because typing on

PDA is too difficult non-verbal interaction

representation or story a navigation system is a very powerful too

l for situation learning in a natural environment

mixed reality augmented physical environment v.s. aug

mented social environment

Conclusions and outlook

Mobile Technology enables immersion into a mixed reality environment and more motivating learning experience

Two limitations of current technology ：the mobile user interface and the accuracy of positioning systems

future work ： the tasks and the accompanying content

need carefully designed moving the concept of the MobileGame a

nd the prototype into new domain

Thanks for your listening

Q & A