movements directional terms and anatomical position,...anatomical position, directional terms and...
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Anatomical Position, Directional Terms and Movements
Anatomical Position• Standing erect, with palms and feet
facing forward• Is the standard reference point in
which all positions, movements, and planes are described
Positions and Directions
Terms of position and direction describe the position of one body part relative to another, usually along one of the three
major body planes
Positions and Directions
Superior• Refers to a structure being
closer to the head or higher than another structure in the body
Inferior• Refers to a structure being
closer to the feet or lower than another structure in the body
Positions and Directions
Anterior• Refers to a structure being
more in front than another structure in the body
Posterior• Refers to a structure being
more in back than another structure in the body
Positions and Directions
Medial• Refers to a structure being
closer to the midline or median plane of the body than another structure of the body
Lateral• Refers to a structure being
farther away from the midline than another structure of the body
Positions and Directions
Distal (Reference to the extremities only)
• Refers to a structure being further away from the root of the limb than another structure in the limb
Proximal (Reference to the extremities only)
• Refers to a structure being closer to the root of the limb than another structure in that limb
Distal / Proximal Cont.
• When you divide the skeleton into Axial (Blue) and Appendicular (Yellow) you can better understand the extremities and their roots.
ProximalDistal
Positions and Directions
Superficial• Refers to a structure being
closer to the surface of the body than another structure
Deep• Refers to a structure being
closer to the core of the body than another structure
Positions and Directions
Ventral• Towards the front or belly
• You Vent out or your nose and mouth.
Dorsal• Towards the back
• Like the Dorsal fin of a dolphin.
Positions and DirectionsProne• Lying face down
• Like a Pro Baseball player sliding into Home.
Supine• Lying face up
• Lying on your spine and you can have soup poured into your mouth.
Unilateral• Pertaining to one side of the body
Bilateral• Pertaining to both sides of the body
Anatomical Planes• Fixed lines of reference
along which the body is often divided or sectioned to facilitate viewing of its structures
• Allow one to obtain a three-dimensional perspective by studying the body from different views
Anatomical Planes Sagittal plane
• The plane dividing the body into right and left portions
• Midsagittal or median are names for the plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves
Anatomical Planes Frontal plane
• The plane dividing the body into front and back portions
• Also called the Coronal plane
Anatomical Planes Transverse plane
• The horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
• Also called the Horizontal plane
• https://www.wisc-online.com/learn/general-education/anatomy-and-physiology1/ap15305/anatomical-terminology-relative-position
Movements• Flexion• Extension• Hyperextension• Adduction• Abduction• Prontaion• Supination• Retraction• Protraction• Elevation• Depression• Rotation• Circumduction• External Rotation• Internal Rotation• Inversion• Eversion• Dorsiflexion• Plantarflexion• Radial Deviation• Ulnar Deviation• Opposition
MovementsFlexion• Bending a joint or decreasing the
angle between two bones• In the Fetal Position we are flexing our joints
Extension• Straightening a joint or increasing
the angle between two bones• In the Anatomical Position we are extending our joints
Hyperextension• Excessive extension of the parts at
a joint beyond anatomical position.
Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
MovementsAdduction• Moving a body part towards the
midline of the body
Abduction• Moving a body part away from the
midline of the body
MovementsPronation• Turning the arm or foot
downward• (palm or sole of the foot -
down)• Prone
Supination• Turning the arm or foot
upward• (palm or sole of the foot - up)
• Supine
MovementsRetraction• Moving a part backward
Protraction• Moving a part forward
Elevation• Raising a part
Depression• Lowering a part
MovementsRotation• Turning on a single axis
Circumduction• Tri-planar, circular motion
at the hip or shoulder
Internal rotation• Rotation of the hip or
shoulder toward the midline
External rotation• Rotation of the hip or
shoulder away from the midline
MovementsLateral Flexion• Side-bending left or right
Movements of the FootInversion• Turning the sole of the foot
inward
Eversion• Turning the sole of the foot
outward
Dorsiflexion• Ankle movement bringing
the foot towards the shin
Plantarflexion• Ankle movement pointing
the foot downward
Movements of the Wrist & ThumbRadial Deviation• Movement of the wrist towards
the radius or lateral side.
Ulnar Deviation• Movement of the wrist towards
the ulna or medial side.
Opposition• Movement of the thumb across
the palm of the hand.
Additional Range of Motion
1. Hip __________________________2. Hip __________________________3. Hip __________________________
Knee ________________________ Ankle ________________________
4. Wrist _________________________ (a) __________________________ (b) __________________________
5. Hip __________________________ Knee ________________________ Ankle ________________________
6. Forearm (a) ___________________ Forearm (b) ___________________
7. Shoulder ______________________8. Shoulder ______________________9. Jaw __________________________
10. Shoulder ______________________
1. Hip _Abduction_________________2. Hip _Adduction_________________3. Hip _Flexion___________________
Knee _Extension________________ Ankle _Plantarflexion____________
4. Wrist _Extension________________ (a) _Hyperextension_____________ (b) _Flexion____________________
5. Hip _Flexion___________________ Knee _Flexion__________________ Ankle _Dorsiflexion______________
6. Forearm (a) _Supination__________ Forearm (b) _Pronation__________
7. Shoulder _Circumduction_________8. Shoulder _Elevation_____________9. Jaw _Protraction________________
10. Shoulder _Rotation______________
Range of Motion
Activity• Students will pick a sport. (Tennis)• Then, students will pick 3 skills you need
to be able to do in that sport (Serve, forehand, backhand)
• Now students will determine how various body parts are moving during that particular skill. (Elbow flexed, shoulder externally rotated, etc.)
• Students will share their findings with the class
Sports Planes of Movement
• Students will determine which plane of movement the following sports move is taking place in and which directions the movements occur.
Sports Planes of Movement• Tennis Forehand
• Swimmers Dive
• Soccer Touch Pass
Sports Planes of Movement• Pike in Cheerleading
• Putt in Golf
• Pitch in Baseball
Sports Planes of Movement• Balance Beam in Gymnastics
• Read position in Running
• Block in Volleyball or Basketball
Partner Activity• Pair up with a partner• With your list of notes, you will ask your
partner to perform 10 tasks and they must act them out correctly.
• Example: pronate your right forearm
• After you have done 10, switch roles.
Group Work – Body Movements• In groups, students will deconstruct the following
popular dances to describe what and how various parts of the body are moving. One students will be in the front of the class while other students will explain what is occurring. You must include at least 6 separate moves from the dance
• Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sT2daisxdvA
• “Exits and Mouse Holes”• Shoulder internal rotation, elbow flexion, finger
flexion and extension.• Knee Flexion
Macarena• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAAfmu
k180s
Electric Slide• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dt_9iera
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Wobble• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8vTIY0x
HBUg
Thriller• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAqrbYf
uBv0
Cotton Eye Joe• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjDvkO
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Continue Group Project
Group Challenge• In your 5 teams, you will elect 1 person to
perform various body movements as quickly and correctly as possible. Fastest and most correct team wins!