nano technology

PLAR - Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology – Nanotechnology – an overviewan overview

PL. Arunachalam, PL. Arunachalam, Diploma in Computer Diploma in Computer

Engineering Engineering Thiagarajar polytechnic collegeThiagarajar polytechnic college

Salem.Salem.


Synopsis

Introduction

Applications

Synthesis of nanomaterials

Characterization and detection

techniques

Concluding remarks


Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices, and systems through control of matter on an atomic or molecular scale.

The creation and use of structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size.

DEFINITION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

BEST COMPARSION



“ I can hardly doubt that when we have some control

of the arrangement of things ON A SMALL SCALE

we will get an enormously greater range of possible

properties that substances can have.”

….. R. FEYNMAN

California Institute of Technology, December 26, 1959

atom by atom.maneuvering

Atomic domains (grains, layers or phases) spatially confined to 100nm in at least one dimension

Zero dimension – clusters of aspect ratio 1 to infinity – Quantum dots

One dimension – Multilayers – Nanowires, CNT (Carbon nano tubes)

Two dimension – Ultrafine-grained over layers (coatings) Three dimension – Nanophase materials


NANOMATERIALS – DEFN. & CLASSIFICATION


UNIQUENESS OF NANOMATERIALS

Grains, pores, interface thickness and defects are of similar dimensions.

Nanomaterials have a large surface area but their volume is very small.

Improve mechanical properties (increased strength, toughness etc.,)

High melting point compounds.


INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH REQUIRED

Engineering

Physical SciencesBioscience

NANOTECHNOLOGY


FIELDS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology

Nanomedicine

Nanobiotechnology

Nanolithography

Nanoelectronics

Nanomagnetics

Nano Biodevices

NEMS (nano electro mechanical sys)

Nano Biomimetic materials

Nano Pulp & Paper Technology


Applications of NanomaterialBased Products

Automotive industryEngineeringMedicine CosmeticsTextile SportsChemical industryElectronic industry


LOTUS – SELF CLEANING

Water lily

Super hydrophobicity- Self cleaning

SEM

Surface roughness – Self cleaning

Rinsing with water Water drops – clean surface

Applications -


PEACOCK FEATHER• Nano structured particles

Applications

• Colour never fade

• Scratch free

• Cleaning surface


Atlantic – Aprilia fuel cell bikePhotovoltaic cell

Fuel Cell

NANOTECHNOLOGY – FUEL CELL

HydrogenHydrogen


NANOTECHNOLOGY – COSMETIC APPLICATIONS

Acne treatment

Herbal liposome for cosmetic applications

Before treatment After treatment

Titanium oxideTitanium oxide


Gold (Bulk) Nano Gold colloids

Au – Cancer Treatments

Applications

NANO MATERIAL - OPTICAL PROPERTIES


NANO- TEXTILE APPLICATIONS

Nano Jacket

Student’s uniform

Nano tie and scarf


Synthesis of Nanomaterials

Top - down method (Destruction)

Bottom-up method (Construction)



Top - Down method

High energy Ball Milling Lithography

Gas condensation

Severe plastic deformation



SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS

Bottom Up

method

Physical Vapor

Deposition

Chemical Vapor

Deposition

Plasma Processes

Sol-gelProcessing

Soft-Lithography

Self-Assembly


CHARACTERIZATION AND DETECTION TECHNIQUES

• Essential requirements for the development, manufacturing and commercialization of nanomaterials is their physical, chemical and biological properties on a nanoscale level

• For determination of atomic structure and chemical composition of solid or liquid nanomaterials – spectroscopic methods, X-ray and Neutron diffraction

• For determination of size and shape – Electron microcopies (SEM or TEM)


Optical Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope

HIGH DEPTH OF FIELD

NANOMATERIAL


JEM-2100F

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPEMICROSCOPE


Force

Surface Atoms

Tip Atoms

Photo detector

Laser Beam

Tip

Cantilever

Line ScanSurface

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AFM

www.shef.ac.uk/~htsl/afm.htm

Atomic Force Microscope


CONCLUDING REMARKS

Choice of nanocrystalline or nanostrucured material - Application- Final property requirement- Grain sizes- Density- PorosityChoice of a suitable process- Top down or bottom up approach- Economics or viability- Nano resisters are like papers.- .- .- .- .- .


Thanking YouThanking You

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