DEPARTMENT OF NANO TECHNOLOGY V.V.P ENGINEERING COLLEGE

RAJKOT

NANO TEKNIKA E

E-MAGAZINE Version-1

Preface Seasons Greetings!!!

Nanotechnologies are a horizontal sector with many possible applications in areas such

as energy technology (fuel and solar cells), environmental technology (materials cycles and

disposal) or information technology (new storage techniques and processors) as well as health.

They hold great technological and economic potential for Germany. Today, about 1000

companies work on the development, application and distribution of nanotechnology products.

About 70,000 jobs are involved, with an upward trend. Experts believe that the market volume

across all industries will be more than one trillion Euros worldwide in 2015.

The Federal Government's “Nanotechnology 2015 Action Plan” carries on from the “Nano-

Initiative – Action Plan 2010”. Under the umbrella of the High-Tech Strategy it presents a

concept that pools lines of action and fields of application in the context of nanotechnology. It

focuses research and research funding on the societal challenges addressed in the High-Tech

Strategy 2020, i.e. climate and energy, health and nutrition, mobility, security and

communication. Economic exploitation, responsible use, a regulatory framework and a public

discussion are other important factors.

In Nanotechnology, working on something small can lead to a big career. That’s true

for engineers working in the field of nanotechnology, where new discoveries and

applications for them are constantly being made, leading to plenty of job opportunities.

Such only department in Gujarat is established by keeping in mind the need of future. The

top most Nanotechnology Department aims to find better solutions for the industries. The

department helps the students in every respect. It provides scholarship, laptop at subsided

rate, insurance and more. it will not be out place to say that the Nanotechnology

department of the top VVP Engineering college, Rajkot is the best Nanotechnology

Department in GTU, Rajkot as well as Gujarat as it has excel in university result also.

INDEX

Emerging of the Technology

1. Deriving “Nano”.

2. History of Nanotechnology.

A) Before the 21th century

B) After the 21th century

3. What is Nanotechnology?

4. Why Nano?

5. Department Of Nanotechnology Events

A) One week Short Term Training Programme

B) Industrial Tour

C) Expert Lecture Series

Deriving “Nano”

The prefix is derived from the Greek νᾶνος, meaning "dwarf", and was officially

confirmed as standard in 1960. Nano- (symbol n) is an SI prefix meaning one billionth.

Used primarily with the metric system, this prefix denotes a factor of 10−9 or 0.000000001.

It is frequently encountered in science and electronics for prefixing units of time and

length.

Metric prefixes

Prefix Symbol 1000m 10n Decimal

English word Since[n 1]

short scale long scale

yotta Y 10008 1024 1000000000000000000000000 septillion quadrillion 1991

zetta Z 10007 1021 1000000000000000000000 sextillion thousand trillion 1991

exa E 10006 1018 1000000000000000000 quintillion trillion 1975

peta P 10005 1015 1000000000000000 quadrillion thousand billion 1975

tera T 10004 1012 1000000000000 trillion billion 1960

giga G 10003 109 1000000000 billion thousand million 1960

mega M 10002 106 1000000 million 1960

kilo k 10001 103 1000 thousand 1795

hecto h 10002/3 102 100 hundred 1795

deca da 10001/3 101 10 ten 1795

10000 100 1 one –

deci d 1000−1/3 10−1 0.1 tenth 1795

centi c 1000−2/3 10−2 0.01 hundredth 1795

milli m 1000−1 10−3 0.001 thousandth 1795

micro µ 1000−2 10−6 0.000001 millionth 1960

nano n 1000−3 10−9 0.000000001 billionth thousand millionth 1960

pico p 1000−4 10−12 0.000000000001 trillionth billionth 1960

femto f 1000−5 10−15 0.000000000000001 quadrillionth thousand billionth 1964

atto a 1000−6 10−18 0.000000000000000001 quintillionth trillionth 1964

zepto z 1000−7 10−21 0.000000000000000000001 sextillionth thousand trillionth 1991

yocto y 1000−8 10−24 0.000000000000000000000001 septillionth quadrillionth 1991

1. Jump up^ The metric system was introduced in 1795 with six prefixes. The other dates relate to recognition by a resolution of the CGPM.

History of Nanotechnology In Brief

Before the 21st century

1959

Feynman gives after-dinner talk describing molecular machines

building with atomic precision

1974

Taniguchi uses term "Nano-technology" in paper on ion-sputter

machining

1981

First technical paper on molecular engineering to build with atomic

precision

STM invented

1985

Bucky ball discovered

1986

AFM invented

1989

IBM logo spelled in individual atoms

1991

Carbon nanotube discovered

1997

First company founded: Zyvex.

After the 21st century 2002-2007

Nanoscale tech advances in many directions.

Nanoparticles concerns.

CRN founded Dec.2002.

Drexler/Smalley debate.

NMAB report.

Nanofactory architectures matures

NanoRex

What Is Nanotechnology?

Technology at 10-9m scale Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly

1-100 nm, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. A nanometer is 10-9 of a

meter; a sheet of paper is about 100,000 nm thick. Encompassing nanoscale science,

engineering and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modelling, and

manipulating matter at this length scale.

At this level, the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials differ in

fundamental and valuable ways from both the properties of individual atoms and molecules

or bulk matter. Nanotechnology R&D is directed toward understanding and creating

improved materials, devices and systems that exploit these new properties. (source

National Nanotechnology Initiative – Strategic Plan 2004).

The unique properties of nanotechnology originate from:

small dimensions, enabling high speed and high functional density (nanoelectronics,

lab-on-chip), small and lightweight devices and sensors (smart dust), high

sensitivity (sensors, nanowires) and special surface effects (such as lotus effect)

very large surface area, providing reinforcement and catalytic effects

quantum effects, such as highly efficient optical fluorescent quantum dots

new molecular structures, with new material properties: high strength nanotubes,

nanofibers and nanocomposites

Top-down Nanostructures can be made by two complementary approaches. With top-down technology

nanostructures and devices are made through scaling and miniaturization. It requires

precision engineering down to the Nano-scale, usually by lithographic patterning,

embossing or imprint

Examples are:

micro- and nanoelectronics

MEMS, micro electro mechanical systems

nanostructures such as lotus coatings, catalytic surfaces and membranes

nanostructure coatings in displays, solar cells, flat batteries

nanofibers by electro spinning

nanoclay platelets and tubes by exfoliation

Bottom-up

The other complementary route is bottom-up, constructing nanostructures through atom-

by-atom or molecule-by molecule engineering. It usually requires wet-chemical or vapour

phase processing routes such as atomic layer deposition. In some cases atomic or molecular

manipulation is applied via optical, electrical or mechanical nanoprobes.

Typical examples are:

carbon nanotubes by gas phase deposition

nanowires made from metal, metal oxide, ceramic or even polymer type by gas

phase deposition

quantum dots

self assembling, molecular and bio structures

Why Nano?

Miniaturization up to micro & nano level not only leads to smaller products suited for mass

production and lower costs, it also enables completely new functionalities that cannot be

obtained at the macro level. The new functionalities are gained by physical and chemical

effects of the small dimensions, the ability to produce new atomic structures, handling of

very small volumes and ratio effects on the natural environment.

Small dimensions: mm > μm > nm Going to small dimensions offers a large number of advantages for electronic and sensor

devices:

high functional density: nanoelectronics, high density memory

function integration possible: sensing, dsp, radio, memory and power can be

integrated

efficient and fast electronic, optical, thermal and material transport

enabling mass production, featuring low costs

lightweight

portable, anywhere, everywhere

disposable

From the material point of view, small dimensions give new opportunities such as:

Control at the nanoscale enables perfect, defect free structures, featuring

exceptional properties for strength, conductivity etc.

Nanostructures and particles create a very large surface area, featuring unique

surface activity for sensing, catalysis, absorption etc.

completely new particles, unknown in nature, can be produced with new properties,

such as carbon nanotubes

At the nanoscale, quantum effects can be used e.g. to obtain new optical effects.

Small volume: μL > nL > pL A small volume is especially advantageous for fluidic devices such as measurement devices

and chemical processors because of:

fast response

high throughput

multi parallel analysis, matrix array

single cell/molecule detection

Less chemical waste Engineering.

It usually requires wet-chemical or vapour-phase processing routes such as atomic layer

deposition. In some cases atomic or molecular manipulation is applied via optical, electrical

or mechanical nanoprobes.

Typical examples are:

carbon nanotubes by gas phase deposition

nanowires made from metal, metal oxide, ceramic or even polymer type by

gas phase deposition

quantum dots

self assembling, molecular and bio structure

Nanomedicine.

High sensor-sample ratio Scaling sensor devices down to the nano level brings the sensing element in the same

dimensional range as the elements to be detected. This results in:

high sensitivity

high signal to noise ratios.

DEPARTMENT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

V.V.P. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RAJKOT

As we all know, that today the world is at the tremendous stage of the

globalization and with respect to it revolutionary technology of this era is a

Nanotechnology. It is a emerging as well as one of the glooming branch of the

science which can lead the human development in the near future. Thus, the

education of this branch is firstly started in all over the Gujarat by V.V.P.

Engineering College, Rajkot. Not only this, the nanotechnology department has

received the recognition from AICTE as well as from GTU both. So Let us look

around the world of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary

branch and its implementations merely involves the various branches such as

electronics, cosmetics, medicines, communication and etc. and learning of this

kind of branch is going to be done at V.V.P. Engineering college. Now, what does

it mean by Nanotechnology, so the nanotechnology is came from the Greek word

“Nano” which means the 10,000,0000th part of a meter and if we compare it with

our fingerprint than it is approximately 80,000th part or 10 nanometer. Thus now

you come to know what nanotechnology is. How ever, some developed countries

such as USA and Japan already possess the millions of dollars market of nanotech

products and in response to it the Indian government has recently provided 1000

corer rupees for the nanotechnology under the “NANO MISSON”. So, it is really

worthy to study the Nanotechnology for the creation of extraordinary as well as

flourished future.

Happy Journey to the Giant world of Nano…!

Events

GUJCOST SPONSORED

One Day NATIONAL SEMINAR

ON

NANOSTRUCTURE AND THIN FILM

COATING

ORGANIZED BY

DEPARTMENT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

V.V.P. ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RAJKOT

VVP Engineering College, Rajkot had organized Gujarat Council on Science and Technology

(GUJCOST) sponsored one Day Seminar on "NANOSTRUCTURE AND THINFILM COATING”. The seminar is scheduled on 24TH January, 2014.

The seminar was sponsored by Gujarat Council on Science & Technology (GUJCOST).

GUJCOST functions as an autonomous body under Science & Technology Department, the mission of the council is to perform as a focal forum to indoctrinate the scientific temper for attaining new heights in R&D for the betterment of the people. It acts as a macrobiotic link between Science, Technology & financial system. Shree Pravinkaka maniar, Chairman, VVP Engineering College and Dr. Sachin Parikh, Principal , VVP Engineering College were the Chief Patrons of the seminar.

The renown of the session was focused on Nanostructures and advanced techniques related

to thin film coating. This session was advantageous for the experts, mentors, research scholars &

the maturing engineers of nanotechnology as well as other professionals. The whole day discussion

was focused on the diversified techniques of nanostructures such as nanostructure synthesis and

application of thin films, spintronics of functional oxides and how the nano techniques can perform

magically in the routine life styles. Not only was this but the slight focus generated on the future of

Nanotechnology in world wide.

The need for the in depth skewed knowledge of Nanotechnology which is on high upsurge

these days was realize by approximately in all field especially those actively involved in research

academics or industry. The thin film techniques find its application in the field of nanotechnology

very crucially.

Different eminent, veteran professionals resource person from reputed institute and universities where invited as speakers for the seminar. Detail program schedule with the topics discussed on Nanostructure and thin film coating attached herewith. Fifty five teachers, research scholar and PG students were participated from different academic institutions & university departments.

The inaugural program of the seminar was conducted at auditorium of VVP Engineering College, conducted by Ms. Krishna Rabadia student of B.E. Nanotechnology, VVP Engineering College, was started with brief introduction of the program.

The Chief Guest of the inaugural ceremony was Dr. Chetan Thaker, (Associate Professor,

MVM Science College, Rajkot). Dr. D.G. Kuberkar (Associate Professor, Department Of Physics,

Saurashtra University Rajkot). As per the Indian tradition the seminar had begun with lightening of

the lamp by dignitaries and Saraswati prayer by Students. The chief guests were felicitated with

bouquet and memento. Dr. Sachin Parikh gave the welcome speech.All the invited guests had given

their talk on the various topics of their own research. Mr. Davit Dhruv (Co-Convener of the

seminar) gave the vote of thanks.

The scientific session commenced with the talk by Dr. D.G.Kuberkar (Professor, Department

of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot) on “Studies on Functional Oxide Thin Films for Spintronic

Applications.” The session was lively with the interactive discussion between Dr. Chetan Thaker

and the participants. He discussed the very minute basic aspects of Functional Oxide Thin Films. A

memento as a token of gratitude was given to Dr.kuberkar. The next session was conducted by Dr.

Piyush Solanki (DST,SERC, Young Scientist) on “Structure of Nanomaterials and its Applications in Thin

Film Devices” Dr. solanki explained the science of nanomaterials from atomic level to three

dimensional nanomaterials. He discussed in the context of their structural aspects, including crystal

structure and atomic arrangement and how the size of the nanomaterials affects their structure

properties. Also, a structure dependent transport property of chemically coated magnetic thin films was

discussed in the context of size effects. The talk was quite informative. He also clarified the doubts of

the participant. He was also extended gratefulness with a memento. Next the session was taken by

Dr. Megha Vagadia (SRF, UGC, Department of Electronics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot) on

Multiferroics Thin films for Non-volatile Memory Applications and she had given really worthy

knowledge regarding the investigations and usefulness of various multifunctional oxides, such as,

multiferroics, ferroelectric, diluted magnetic semiconductors, mixed valent manganites etc, she also told

about importance of new functional devices having high performance logic and non-volatile memory

storage applications and why it is a topic of current research interest. Later there was the lunch break.

After Lunch the scientific session was then continued by Dr. P.S. Vachhani (Lecturer &Dr.D S

Kothari Post Doc Fellow) on “Comparative study of microcrystalline bulk and 2D nanostructure of Cu

doped ZnO for spintronics applications”. He mainly dealt with the Cu doped ZnO polycrystalline pellets

(targets) which were synthesized with Cu concentration varying from 2% to 10% by solid state reaction

route and using these targets, Cu-doped ZnO films with preferred orientation along c-axis generation.

Later on the intresting as well as informative lecture was delivered by Dr. Ashish Ravalia (Research

Scientist, Department of Physics, Saurashtra University, Rajkot ) on Nanotechnology: “Think Smaller

look Deeper” He mainly talked on introduction of Nanotechnology, current scenario of the

nanotechnology and future opportunities in the field of Nan sciences. This was followed by a small tea

break. The scientific session was then had a oral presentations from the various research students as

well as students of colleges. The topics which were presented had gained warm praising from the

speakers. This was followed by a small tea break. And at the end the open ended electrifying discussion

was done with Dr. Chetan Thaker by all delegates of seminar. It was healthy discussion in which various

doubts regarding the thin film coating as well as certain basic research areas were explained. All

participants had taken part in the discussion very actively. The scientific session of the day paved its way

to ending with Dr. Jaysukh Markna’S addressing. He appreciated the pains, labor and the hard work of

the organizers for the success of the scientific session. This was followed by the price distribution to the

delegates who had given best oral presentation then vote of thanks was given by Mr. Davit Dhruv (Co-

convener). The scientific session was concluded by singing the National Anthem.

Thus, the one day scientific session was indeed fruitful. The purpose with which the seminar was

organized has been fulfilled. The doubts and confusions, even at the basic level have been cleared to a

great extent.

One week Short Term Training Program

On

Recent Advances in Separation Processes in

During

23rd -27th JUNE, 2014

About the training program

The proposed STTP was an interdisciplinary program which was intense to

brings together the faculties from engineering disciplines, industries faculties from

science colleges and Universities. This will be greatly benefited in providing

conceptual understanding, computational and procedural fluency and problem

solving skills.

In this context, the organization of a five-day Short Term Training Program

on Recent Advancements in Separation Processes in Chemical engineering and

Nanotechnology-2012 at VVP Engineering College- Rajkot. It was organized

generate highly useful for strength to the present research areas and for the

interaction of participants with the leading experts in the field to pursue new ideas

of research. Invited talks by the faculty from various prestigious institutions and

host institutes, renowned scientists will provide the necessary inputs to the young

researchers and students working in the country for better understanding of the

subject.

The objectives of the program:

To focus on various advanced separation processes involved in many scientific

and engineering applications with increased interests in recent years.

To discuss the purification processes of products in chemical industries and

recovery of useful by-products from waste which will ultimately lead to cleaner

production and thereby sustainable development of the nation.

To discuss novel nano materials for applications in separation processes.

Course Outline:

Limitation of conventional separation and purification methods and

revolutions in development of advanced separation processes.

Discussion on advanced separation processes like pressure swing adsorption,

selective membrane separations, super critical Extraction, Short path Distillation,

reactive and catalytic distillation etc.

Synthesis and characterization of nanostructures and nanocomposites

applications of nanostructures in structural materials, catalysis, energy storage,

energy conversion and electronics

Scale-up and commercialization of nanomaterial production.

Bio-nanomaterials

Chief Patron

Shri Pravinkaka Maniar Chairman

V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot

Patron Dr. Sachin Parikh

Principal V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot

Organizing Committee

Convener Dr. J.H. Markna Dr.P.B. Vanzara

Co-Convener Prof. V.M. Parsana

Prof. D.T. Bhatti Prof. Davit B. Dhruv

Mr. Jignesh Vyas

Industrial Tour

B.E. with Nano technology is the first Engineering Course in in

Gujarat. Which is started by V.V.P. Engineering college under the

motivation as well as shelter of honourable chairman Shree

Pravinbhai Maniyar. From the very first day of nanotechnology

department so many activity for students are designed as well as

executed successfully such as Short Term Training Programme,

National Seminar, Expert lecture and etc. But for engineering student

it is necessary to visit and feel the environment of industrial areas. To

full fill this aspect Department of Nanotechnology had organized the

Industrial tour at industrial hub of Saurashtra regions (i.e. Shapar,

Veraval near by Rajkot).

Some of the moments during industrial tour was captured are

shown over here.

EXPERT LECTURE SERIERS

Nanotechnology department has organized an expert lecture by Dr. Y.K. Vijay at

Department of Nanotechnology, V.V.P. Engineering College, Rajkot. Hereby the brief report

is explained on “Nanotechnology and Carbon nanotube” delivered by featured speaker on

that day.

Introduction of the Guest:

Dr. Y.K. VIJAY has received his M.Sc. degree in physics and Ph.D. degree from

University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India) in 1975 and 1980 respectively. He was awarded

Commonwealth and ICTP fellowships and spent one year in Uppsala University Sweden.

He served as a professor in Department of Physics, Director Centre for Development of

Physics, Education and Centre for Non-conventional Energy Resources at University of

Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. Prof.Vijay has co-authored over 200 research articles in refereed

journals and over 150 research papers in conference proceedings. He has delivered over 100

invited talks and has co-authored two books on Basis and Semiconductor Physics. He has

graduated 30 PhDs. and advised numerous Masters and Undergraduate research projects

to-date. His professional awards includes: IUMRS Young Research, R K Ramnath, IAPT

Teaching Aids Award. His current research interests are polymer blends for organic

photovoltaic cells, design and development of CNT’s/Polymer composite based gas sensors

and gas separation filters.

All the Students as well as staff of Nano technology department are glad to have

such a opportunity to attend such a prominent expert.

Some Moments during Expert Lecture:

The ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started

with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” by physicist Richard

Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of

Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959, long before the term

nanotechnology was used. In his talk, Feynman described a process in which

scientists would be able to manipulate and control individual atoms and

molecules. Over a decade later, in his explorations of ultraprecision machining,

Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology. It wasn't until

1981, with the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could

"see" individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began.

"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom"

-Richard Feynman(physicist)