NAPOLEON NAPOLEON BONAPARTEBONAPARTE

NapoleonNapoleon Young French Young French

general that general that rose up the rose up the ranks to ranks to become the become the leader of Franceleader of France

Coup de tatCoup de tat

Directory was Directory was losing popularitylosing popularity

Napoleon Napoleon overthrows the overthrows the government government (Coup de tat)(Coup de tat)

He now rules as He now rules as one of three one of three consulsconsuls

1799-18021799-1802 France defeats France defeats

22ndnd Coalition Coalition (Britain, (Britain, Prussia, & Prussia, & Russia)Russia)

Napoleon As Napoleon As EmperorEmperor

1804 crowns 1804 crowns himself emperorhimself emperor

Total support of Total support of the French the French PeoplePeople

Put forth many Put forth many reformsreforms

Helped solidify Helped solidify the governmentthe government

Napoleon’s Napoleon’s ReformsReforms1.1. Economic OrderEconomic Order – – set up a set up a

National BankNational Bank

2.2. Social OrderSocial Order – – Welcomed nobles Welcomed nobles backback

3.3. Religious OrderReligious Order – – Signed the Signed the ConcordatConcordat – agreement that set a new – agreement that set a new relationship between church & state. relationship between church & state. Religious freedom allowedReligious freedom allowed

4.4. Legal OrderLegal Order – – Wrote a new set of Wrote a new set of laws called the laws called the Napoleonic codeNapoleonic code

Military Military AccomplishmentsAccomplishments

War began War began with Europe with Europe in 1803in 1803

Won Won numerous numerous battles to battles to control control EuropeEurope

Battle of Battle of AusterlitzAusterlitz (December 1805)(December 1805) France defeats a France defeats a

bigger Austrian bigger Austrian & Prussian army& Prussian army

Masterful Masterful tactical victorytactical victory

Forces Austria Forces Austria out of the warout of the war

Battle of Battle of TrafalgarTrafalgar

October 1805October 1805 Napoleon Napoleon

knows he must knows he must defeat Britain’s defeat Britain’s navy to capture navy to capture BritainBritain

Battle of Battle of TrafalgarTrafalgar French navy French navy

meets British meets British navy outside of navy outside of GibraltarGibraltar

British navy led British navy led by Lord Horatio by Lord Horatio NelsonNelson

British force a British force a retreat & Britain retreat & Britain is savedis saved

18121812Napoleon controls Napoleon controls all of Europe except all of Europe except Britain & RussiaBritain & Russia

NAPOLEON’S NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALLDOWNFALL

Section 4Section 4

3 Mistakes of 3 Mistakes of NapoleonNapoleon1.1. Blockade of Blockade of

BritainBritain

2.2. Civil War in Civil War in SpainSpain

3.3. France France invaded invaded RussiaRussia

British British BlockadeBlockade BlockadeBlockade – a – a

naval stoppage naval stoppage of all goodsof all goods

Napoleon hopes Napoleon hopes to squeeze the to squeeze the life out of Britainlife out of Britain

It failed – France It failed – France didn’t have the didn’t have the navy / British navy / British start their own start their own blockade vs. blockade vs. FranceFrance

SpainSpainNapoleon Napoleon

lost 300,000 lost 300,000 men trying men trying to put down to put down rebellions in rebellions in SpainSpain

Russian Russian InvasionInvasion

As Napoleon As Napoleon invaded Russia, invaded Russia, Russian troops Russian troops pulled backpulled back

They refused to They refused to meet France in meet France in an open battlean open battle

Russian Russian InvasionInvasion Napoleon went Napoleon went

deeper into the deeper into the country as country as winterwinter started started

The Russians The Russians burned burned everything in everything in their retreattheir retreat

Russian Russian InvasionInvasion

When Napoleon When Napoleon reached Moscow, reached Moscow, it was destroyed it was destroyed & deserted& deserted

Napoleon Napoleon retreats as his retreats as his army was army was freezingfreezing

Russians attack Russians attack from behind from behind

Battle of LeipzigBattle of Leipzig The coalition of The coalition of

Prussia, Britain, Prussia, Britain, & Russia & Russia attacked France attacked France herehere

Forced Forced Napoleon to Napoleon to surrender in surrender in ParisParis

Napoleon’s ExileNapoleon’s Exile Napoleon was Napoleon was

sent away to sent away to ElbaElba

Small island Small island next to Italynext to Italy

Returned 9 Returned 9 months later to months later to FranceFrance

Battle of Battle of WaterlooWaterloo Napoleon forces Napoleon forces

met British forces met British forces in Belgiumin Belgium

Long bloody battle Long bloody battle ensuedensued

Duke of Wellington Duke of Wellington – British – British commander, broke commander, broke French lines & French lines & France was France was defeateddefeated

Napoleon’s Final Napoleon’s Final ExileExile

Sent away to Sent away to St. HelenaSt. Helena

Died 6 Years Died 6 Years LaterLater

Critical Thinking ActivityAlexis de Tocqueville’s quote on Napoleon:

He was as great as a man can be He was as great as a man can be without virtue.”without virtue.”

What is virtue? What does Tocqueville mean by this

statement? Give examples of how Napoleon was great? How did he act without virtue?