nathan schnur and isaac vohland 12/06/2007. genus luteovirus spherical virus originated in...
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Nathan Schnur and Isaac Vohland12/06/2007
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Genus Luteovirus Spherical virus
Originated in Southeast Asia and Japan Very significant disease in Japan
Severely reduces yield If a field is infected it can result in a 80% yield
lossLeft: Isolated virus particles
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Recently found in Midwest Illinois and Wisconsin
Only expected to have major impact in localized areas
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Harrison, et al. 2005
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Four Strains Dwarfing Strain
DS and DP
Yellowing Strain YS and YP
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Soybean, Red Clover, White Clover, Sweetclover Leaf puckering, yellowing, and stunting
Garden Pea Mild yellowing of older leaves
Green Bean, Common Vetch Leaf reddening
Beet Leaf yellowing
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Overwinters in perennial clovers Many clovers on ditch banks in Midwest Close proximity to soybean fields
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Aphids are only known vectors Species of aphids responsible
for transmission Strains YS and DS are
transmitted by the fox glove aphid (Aulacorthum solani)
Strains YP and DP are transmitted by both the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and clover aphid (Nearctaphis bakeri)
Fox Glove Aphid
Pea Aphid
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Disease Cycle Circulative-Persistently
transmitted Retained when aphid
molts Take 10-30mins to
ingest the virus Latency Period of 15-
27h
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There are several management practices which are useful to control SbDV. Resistance Vector Control Alternate Host Control
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Resistance Transgenic resistance to
SbDV Resistance stems from the
insertion of the SbDV coat protein into the soybean genome
This insertion caused RNA silencing (RNAi)
Natural Resistance to SbDV Some natural resistance
has been located in germplasm in Japan
It will take some time for any stable resistance to stem from it
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Vector control is centered around controlling aphid populations. Best way to control aphid populations is with
use of pesticides. There are no soybean cultivars which are
100% resistant.
Pesticides Asana Warrior
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Host Control Alternate hosts which
are of most concern Red clover, white clover,
and yellow sweetclover Removal of alternate
hosts from the immediate vicinity can greatly reduce inoculum.
Do not plant soybeans in close proximity to fields of clover or other legumes
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Present in Midwest, but not yet serious problem
This may change if the vectors become more prevalent
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References Kojima, M. and Tamada, T. Soybean Dwarf Virus. 1977. http://www.dpvweb.net/ Tamada, T. Soybean Dwarf Luteovirus. 1980. http://images.fs.uidaho.edu/vide/descr740.htm Harrison, B., Steinlage, T. A., Domier, L. L., and D’Arcy, C. J. 2005. Incidence of Soybean dwarf virus and identification of
potential vectors in Illinois. Plant Dis. 89:28-32. ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.039.0.01.015. Soybean dwarf virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/. version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA Yamagishi N, Terauchi H, Honda K, Kanematsu S, Hidaka S (2006). Discrimination of four soybean dwarf virus strains by
dot-blot hybridization with specific probes. J Virol Methods 133:219–222
Photos Courtesy of: http://www.genome.ou.edu/ http://www.wildmanstevebrill.com/JPEG'S/Plant%20Web%20Images/YellowSweetCloverFlowers.jpg http://www.gardenorganic.org.uk/assets/organicweeds/t_repens2.jpg http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flowers/images/red_clover2.jpg http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/plymouth/graphics/ent/soyapslide06/Slide2.JPG http://www.agri.pref.hokkaido.jp/tokachi/soy/index-e.html http://www.tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Aphid4_mod.250a.jpg http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/ikmp/images/Aphis_solani2.jpg http://www.apsnet.org/Education/IllustratedGlossary/PhotosA-D/circulativetransmission.jpg http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info http://i.ehow.com http://www.discoverlife.org/