national greenhouse gas inventories and official statistics - finnish experiences riitta pipatti...
TRANSCRIPT
National greenhouse gas inventories and official statistics - Finnish experiences
Riitta Pipatti
Statistics Finland
Conference on Climate Change, Development and Official Statistics
Seoul, Republic of Korea
11 – 12 December 2008
11-12 December 2008 2Riitta Pipatti
Contents
National greenhouse gas inventories Finland’s national greenhouse gas inventory system Current data needs and role of statistics Future data needs Conclusions
11-12 December 2008 3Riitta Pipatti
National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Mandatory reporting for all Parties of the Climate Convention (UNFCCC)
Annex I Partiesannual reporting and annual review by international
review teams Non-Annex I Parties
periodic reporting as part of the national communication, no reviews (every four years, most non-Annex I Parties finalising their 2nd NCs)
11-12 December 2008 4Riitta Pipatti
National greenhouse gas inventories
Gases: CO2, CH4, N2O, PFCs, HFCs and SF6 (air pollutants also reported but not part of the Kyoto Protocol)
Reporting of actual, annual emissions Sectors: energy; industrial processes; solvent and other product
use; agriculture, land use; land-use change and forestry; waste; other
International transport – reported but not part the Kyoto Protocol accounting framework
Methodologies from simple calculations: emissions = activity data X emission
factor to complex model calculations, e.g. first-order day model to estimate methane emissions from landfills
11-12 December 2008 5Riitta Pipatti
National greenhouse gas inventories
Reporting requirements for Annex I Parties Submissions under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol
by 15 April each year, strict timeline, >6 week delay ==> loss of eligibility to use Kyoto Mechanisms
strict reporting format (Common Reporting Format (CRF) tables, National Inventory Report NIR)
strict requirements on methodologies: IPCC guidelines and good practice guidance
11-12 December 2008 6Riitta Pipatti
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Revised 1996 Guidelines
2000 Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management(GPG2000)
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (GPG-LULUCF)
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
11-12 December 2008 7Riitta Pipatti
UNFCCC reporting format (Common Reporting Format - CRF)SUMMARY 2 SUMMARY REPORT FOR CO2 EQUIVALENT EMISSIONS Inventory 2007
(Sheet 1 of 1) Submission 2009 v1.1
FINLAND
GREENHOUSE GAS SOURCE AND CO2 (1) CH4 N2O HFCs (2) PFCs (2) SF6
(2) Total
SINK CATEGORIES
Total (Net Emissions) (1) 40 355,80 4 612,19 6 952,61 903,92 8,40 22,59 52 855,51
1. Energy 61 950,01 327,00 1 490,69 63 767,69A. Fuel Combustion (Sectoral Approach) 61 814,71 275,77 1 489,82 63 580,30
1. Energy Industries 30 362,27 22,56 325,19 30 710,022. Manufacturing Industries and Construction 11 412,02 13,82 156,88 11 582,723. Transport 14 044,39 44,60 657,19 14 746,184. Other Sectors 4 940,55 193,27 71,26 5 205,085. Other 1 055,49 1,51 279,29 1 336,29
B. Fugitive Emissions from Fuels 135,30 51,23 0,87 187,391. Solid Fuels NO NO NO NO2. Oil and Natural Gas 135,30 51,23 0,87 187,39
2. Industrial Processes 3 856,49 9,08 1 482,05 903,92 8,40 22,59 6 282,53A. Mineral Products 1 266,32 NO NO 1 266,32B. Chemical Industry 105,40 NO 1 482,05 NO NO NO 1 587,45C. Metal Production 2 484,77 9,08 NO NO NO C,NO 2 493,85D. Other Production NO NOE. Production of Halocarbons and SF6 NA,NO NA,NO NO NA,NO
F. Consumption of Halocarbons and SF6 (2) 903,92 8,40 22,59 934,91
G. Other NA NA NA NA NA NA NA3. Solvent and Other Product Use 60,65 36,42 97,074. Agriculture 1 844,35 3 685,45 5 529,80
CO2 equivalent (Gg )
11-12 December 2008 8Riitta Pipatti
National greenhouse gas inventories
Requirements on legal, institutional and procedural arrangements
National systems under Article 5, para 2 of the Kyoto Protocol single entity responsible for the inventoryto ensure capacity (resources, competence) for timely
performance meeting the reporting requirements Quality management - continuous improvement; tiered
approach; certain QC/QA measures mandatory (IPCC Tier 1)mandatory - reviewed
11-12 December 2008 9Riitta Pipatti
National greenhouse gas inventories
General requirements/inventory principlestransparency (CRF tables, National Inventory Report)consistency (time series, consistency among sectors/categories)comparability (among Parties of the UNFCCC)completeness accuracy (no systematic over/underestimation; uncertainties
reduced as far as practicable)
UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and European Statistics’ Code of Practice :
aim largely to the same goal; differences in scope, detail and terminology
11-12 December 2008 10Riitta Pipatti
Finland’s National System
Statistics Finland - national entity with overall responsibility since 2005
Statistics Act: access to administrative data established procedures for data processing incl.
confidentiality, verification and validation of dataobjectivity in inventory reporting
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories in Finland since early 1990s - current system more resources and expertise, more formalised system (detailed agreements and protocols on responsibilities)
11-12 December 2008 11Riitta Pipatti
Finland’s National System
Administrativedata sources
VAHTI
Emission trading registry
Other
Statistics FinlandNational Entity
Finnish Environment Institute
Finnish Forest Research Institute
Agrifood Research Finland
Technical Research Centre of Finland
Finavia
Annual Inventory submissions to EU and UNFCCC
Greenhouse Gas Inventory, based onthe Law of Statistics, protocols, agreements and contracts
Advisory Board: Relevant ministries, the Energy Market Authority,
Finnish Environment Institute, Finnish Forest Research Institute and Agrifood Research Finland
11-12 December 2008 12Riitta Pipatti
Finland’s GHG inventory
Waste3%
Agriculture7%
Solvent and Other Product Use 0.1%
Industrial Processes
8%
Energy82%
Fugitive 0.2%
Other 2%
Households, services, etc.7%
Transport 18%
Manufacturing Industries and Construction 15%
Energy Industries 41%
Trend in Finnish GHG emissions 1990 to 2006
11-12 December 2008 13Riitta Pipatti
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Energy Industrial Processes Solvent and Other Product Use Agriculture Waste
Emissions, Tg CO2 eq.
11-12 December 2008 14Riitta Pipatti
Relying mainly on data from the existing statistical systemclose collaboration with energy statistics (mutual benefits)much of the data register-based - the registers are not always
consistentno gaps allowed; Kyoto Protocol - conservative adjustmentsno overlaps or double-counting of the emissions and removals
allowedensuring completeness and consistency can be resource
consuming (e.g. land-use data in Finland)
Finland’s GHG Inventory - Data collection
11-12 December 2008 15Riitta Pipatti
Finland’s GHG Inventory - Data collection
data on F-gases, some industrial processes and peat production areas collected with direct queries (efforts to reduce the burden on data providers)
data from the emission trading registry used directly or for verification
part of the data (mainly emission factors, parameters) for specific categories are based on research studies, measurement programmes, expert opinion, etc; these studies are resource consuming
reporting and reviews - specific modalities for disclosure of confidential data
11-12 December 2008 16Riitta Pipatti
Current and future data needs and the role of statistics
Quality and availability of activity data crucial for the quality of the national greenhouse gas inventory
official statisticsthe most important sources of datacover much of the need, but not alltimelines of datain developing countries - significant lack of data
11-12 December 2008 17Riitta Pipatti
Current and future data needs and the role of statistics
Importance of the emission data and the links to economic data enhanced
CRF does not fully follow ISIC/NACE classificationsdifficult if not impossible to combine data over sectors
by branch of industry (depends on metadata available)Finland – part of the metadata collected at
process/plant or company level and ISIC/NACE classification recorded in the data system (energy, industrial processes)
11-12 December 2008 18Riitta Pipatti
Current and future data needs and the role of statistics
What statistical offices can do to facilitate the preparation and development of inventories:
statistical data collection - to take the inventory needs into account in the development and prioritization of data collection
harmonisation of classifications (CRF vs. ISIC/NACE) on long term -mapping between the classifications on short term
Increased collaboration and dialog - the key issuenational collaborationinternational collaboration (IPCC, UNFCCC)
11-12 December 2008 19Riitta Pipatti
Future data needs
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocolnegotiations for future commitment periods ongoingframework, structure of commitments may change
sectoral commitments? -- enhanced need of data by ISIC/NACE classification
MRV - measurable, reportable, verifiableadditional reporting on all commitments (emissions,
policies and measures, technology transfer, funding, etc.):
International statistical community - active participation and input in the UNFCCC and IPCC processes
11-12 December 2008 20Riitta Pipatti
Thank you!
Information on Statistics Finland and the Finnish National Greenhouse Gas Inventory System at
www.stat.fi and
www.stat.fi/greenhousegases
Information on IPCC, the Climate Convention and Kyoto Protocol,
www.ipcc.ch
unfccc.int